Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks BSCI Student Guide v2.1

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BSCI

Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks Version 2.1

Student Guide

Copyright

2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Systems has more than 200 offices in the following countries and regions. Addresses, phone numbers, and fax numbers are listed on the Cisco Web site at www.cisco.com/go/offices. Argentina • Australia • Austria • Belgium • Brazil • Bulgaria • Canada • Chile • China PRC • Colombia • Costa Rica Croatia • Cyprus • Czech Republic • Denmark • Dubai, UAE • Finland • France • Germany • Greece Hong Kong SAR • Hungary • India • Indonesia • Ireland • Israel • Italy • Japan • Korea • Luxembourg • Malaysia Mexico • The Netherlands • New Zealand • Norway • Peru • Philippines • Poland • Portugal • Puerto Rico • Romania Russia • Saudi Arabia • Scotland • Singapore • Slovakia • Slovenia • South Africa • Spain • Sweden • Switzerland Taiwan • Thailand • Turkey Ukraine • United Kingdom • United States • Venezuela • Vietnam • Zimbabwe Copyright 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. CCIP, CCSP, the Cisco Arrow logo, the Cisco Powered Network mark, Cisco Unity, Follow Me Browsing, FormShare, and StackWise are trademarks of Cisco Systems, Inc.; Changing the Way We Work, Live, Play, and Learn, and iQuick Study are service marks of Cisco Systems, Inc.; and Aironet, ASIST, BPX, Catalyst, CCDA, CCDP, CCIE, CCNA, CCNP, Cisco, the Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert logo, Cisco IOS, the Cisco IOS logo, Cisco Press, Cisco Systems, Cisco Systems Capital, the Cisco Systems logo, Empowering the Internet Generation, Enterprise/Solver, EtherChannel, EtherSwitch, Fast Step, GigaStack, Internet Quotient, IOS, IP/TV, iQ Expertise, iQ logo, the iQ Net Readiness Scorecard, LightStream, Linksys, MGX, MICA, the Networkers logo, Networking Academy, Network Registrar, Packet, PIX, Post-Routing, Pre-Routing, RateMUX, Registrar, ScriptShare, SlideCast, SMARTnet, StrataView Plus, Stratm, SwitchProbe, TeleRouter, The Fastest Way to Increase Your Internet Quotient, TransPath, and VCO are registered trademarks of Cisco Systems, Inc. and/or its affiliates in the United States and certain other countries. All other trademarks mentioned in this document or Website are the property of their respective owners. The use of the word partner does not imply a partnership relationship between Cisco and any other company. (0402R) DISCLAIMER WARRANTY: THIS CONTENT IS BEING PROVIDED “AS IS.” CISCO MAKES AND YOU RECEIVE NO WARRANTIES IN CONNECTION WITH THE CONTENT PROVIDED HEREUNDER, EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY OR IN ANY OTHER PROVISION OF THIS CONTENT OR COMMUNICATION BETWEEN CISCO AND YOU. CISCO SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, NON-INFRINGEMENT AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR ARISING FROM A COURSE OF DEALING, USAGE OR TRADE PRACTICE. This learning product may contain early release content, and while Cisco believes it to be accurate, it falls subject to the disclaimer above.

Table of Contents Volume 1 Course Introduction

1

Overview

1

Outline

Course Objectives Cisco Certifications Learner Skills and Knowledge Learner Responsibilities General Administration Course Flow Diagram Icons and Symbols Learner Introductions Advanced IP Addressing Overview

1

2 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 1-1 1-1

Module Objectives Module Outline

1-2 1-2

Purpose of Address Planning Overview

1-3 1-3

Relevance Objectives Learner Skills and Knowledge Outline

Scalable Network Design Benefits of Good Network Design Benefits of an Optimized IP Addressing Plan Example Update Size Unsummarized Internetwork Topology Changes Summarized Network Topology Changes

Summary Quiz Quiz Answer Key

Hierarchical Addressing Using Variable-Length Subnet Masks Overview Relevance Objectives Learner Skills and Knowledge Outline

Prefix Length and Network Mask Example

Implementing VLSM in a Scalable Network Example

Calculating VLSM Example

Summary Quiz Quiz Answer Key

Route Summarization and Classless Interdomain Routing Overview Relevance Objectives Learner Skills and Knowledge Outline

1-3 1-3 1-4 1-4

1-5 1-11 1-15 1-17 1-18 1-18 1-19

1-20 1-21 1-22

1-23 1-23 1-23 1-23 1-24 1-24

1-25 1-26

1-28 1-30

1-31 1-37

1-38 1-39 1-40

1-41 1-41 1-41 1-41 1-42 1-42

Route Summarization

1-43

Example

1-44

Calculating Route Summarization

1-45

Example

1-47

Classless Interdomain Routing

1-48

Example

1-50

Summary Quiz

1-51 1-52

Quiz Answer Key

1-53

Understanding IP Version 6 Overview

1-55 1-55

Relevance Objectives Learner Skills and Knowledge Outline

1-55 1-55 1-55 1-56

Benefits of IP Version 6 IPv6 Addressing IPv6 Frame Format IPv6-to-IPv4 Interoperability Summary Quiz

1-57 1-58 1-65 1-71 1-77 1-78

Quiz Answer Key

1-80

Network Address Translation Overview

1-81 1-81

Relevance Objectives Learner Skills and Knowledge Outline

1-81 1-81 1-82 1-82

Configuring IP NAT with Access Lists

1-83

Example

1-86

Defining the Route Map Tool for NAT Using Basic route-map Commands Configuring IP NAT with Route Maps Summary

1-87 1-89 1-90 1-92

Next Steps

1-92

Quiz

1-93

Quiz Answer Key

1-94

Lesson Assessments Overview

1-95 1-95

Outline

1-95

Quiz 1-1: Purpose of Address Planning

1-96

Objectives Quiz

1-96 1-96

Quiz 1-2: Hierarchical Addressing Using Variable-Length Subnet Masks Objectives Quiz Scoring

1-97 1-97 1-97

Quiz 1-3: Route Summarization and Classless Interdomain Routing Objectives Task 1 Task 2 Scoring

Quiz 1-4: Understanding IP version 6 Objectives Quiz ii

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1-98 1-98 1-98 1-99 1-99

1-100 1-100 1-100 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Scoring Lesson Assessment Answer Key

1-102 1-103

Routing Principles

2-1

Overview

2-1

Module Objectives Module Outline

2-1 2-2

IP Routing Overview Overview

2-3 2-3

Relevance Objectives Learner Skills and Knowledge Outline

2-3 2-3 2-3 2-4

Principles of Static Routing

2-5

Example

2-7

Configuring a Static Default Route

2-8

Example

2-8

Principles of Dynamic Routing

2-9

Example

2-11

Principles of On-Demand Routing Configuring ODR

2-12 2-14

Example

2-15

Summary Quiz

2-16 2-17

Quiz Answer Key

2-19

Characteristics of Routing Protocols Overview

2-21 2-21

Relevance Objectives Learner Skills and Knowledge Outline

2-21 2-21 2-22 2-22

Classful Routing Protocol Concepts Automatic Network Boundary Summarization in a Classful Routing Protocol Example

2-23 2-25 2-26

Examining a Classful Routing Table Classless Routing Protocol Concepts

2-28 2-30

Example

2-31

Automatic Network Boundary Summarization Using RIPv2 and EIGRP Example

2-32 2-32

The auto-summary Command for RIPv2 and EIGRP Example

2-34 2-35

Characteristics of RIPv1 Characteristics and Configuration of RIPv2 Summary Quiz

2-36 2-37 2-42 2-43

Quiz Answer Key

2-45

IP Routing Protocol Comparison Overview

2-47 2-47

Relevance Objectives Learner Skills and Knowledge Outline

2-47 2-47 2-47 2-48

Administrative Distance

2-49

Example

2-50

Floating Static Routes

2-51

Example Copyright

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Criteria for Inserting Routes in the IP Routing Table Comparing Routing Protocol Charts Summary

2-53 2-55 2-59

Next Steps

2-59

Quiz

2-60

Quiz Answer Key

2-61

Lesson Assessments Overview

2-63 2-63

Outline

2-63

Quiz 2-1: IP Routing Overview

2-64

Objectives Quiz Scoring

2-64 2-64 2-65

Quiz 2-2: Characteristics of Routing Protocols

2-66

Objectives Quiz Scoring

2-66 2-66 2-69

Quiz 2-3: IP Routing Protocol Comparison

2-70

Objectives Quiz Scoring Lesson Assessment Answer Key

2-70 2-70 2-71 2-72

Configuring EIGRP

3-1

Overview

3-1

Module Objectives Module Outline

3-2 3-2

EIGRP Overview Overview

3-3 3-3

Relevance Objectives Learner Skills and Knowledge Outline

3-3 3-3 3-3 3-4

Introduction EIGRP Databases

3-5 3-7

Example

3-10

EIGRP Metrics Calculation

3-11

Example

3-15

Summary Quiz

3-17 3-18

Quiz Answer Key

3-19

EIGRP Operations Overview

3-21 3-21

Relevance Objectives Learner Skills and Knowledge Outline

3-21 3-21 3-22 3-22

EIGRP Packets Establishing Neighbors EIGRP Reliability, Transmission Policy, and Transport Mechanism Example

Initial Route Discovery in EIGRP Verifying EIGRP Connectivity Using debug Commands Summary Quiz iv

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3-23 3-27 3-29 3-32

3-33 3-35 3-40 3-41 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Quiz Answer Key

3-43

EIGRP DUAL Overview

3-45 3-45

Relevance Objectives Learner Skills and Knowledge Outline

3-45 3-45 3-46 3-46

Selection of a Successor by DUAL

3-47

Example

3-48

Selection of a Feasible Successor by DUAL

3-50

Example

3-51

Selection When No Feasible Successor Is Available EIGRP Query Process Summary Quiz Quiz Answer Key

3-52 3-53 3-60 3-61 3-62

Configuring and Verifying EIGRP Overview

3-63 3-63

Relevance Objectives Learner Skills and Knowledge Outline

3-63 3-63 3-63 3-64

Configuring EIGRP

3-65

Example

3-67

Configuring Default Route Using the default-network Command Verifying EIGRP Using show Commands Summary Next Steps

3-70 3-72 3-78 3-78

Quiz

3-79

Quiz Answer Key

3-80

Advanced EIGRP Configuration Options Overview

3-81 3-81

Relevance Objectives Learner Skills and Knowledge Outline

3-81 3-81 3-81 3-82

EIGRP Manual Route Summarization

3-83

Example

3-86

Understanding EIGRP Load Balancing Load Balancing Across Unequal-Cost Paths Using Variance Example

3-87 3-88 3-89

EIGRP Bandwidth Utilization

3-91

Example

3-94

Summary Quiz

3-96 3-97

Quiz Answer Key

3-98

EIGRP in a Scalable Network Overview

3-99 3-99

Relevance Objectives Learner Skills and Knowledge Outline

3-99 3-99 3-99 3-100

How EIGRP Responds to a Query

3-101

Example

3-103

Scalability Issues and Solutions Copyright

2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.

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Limiting the EIGRP Query Range with Route Summarization Example

Limiting the EIGRP Query Range Using the Stub Option Example

Scalability Rules for Implementing EIGRP Summary Quiz

3-111

3-113 3-116

3-118 3-120 3-121

Quiz Answer Key

3-122

Lesson Assessments Overview

3-123 3-123

Outline

Quiz 3-1: EIGRP Overview Objectives Quiz Scoring

Quiz 3-2: EIGRP Operations Objectives Quiz Scoring

Quiz 3-3: EIGRP DUAL Objectives Quiz Scoring

Quiz 3-4: Configuring and Verifying EIGRP Objectives Quiz Scoring

Quiz 3-5: Advanced EIGRP Configuration Options Objectives Quiz Scoring

Quiz 3-6: EIGRP in a Scalable Network Objectives Quiz Scoring Lesson Assessment Answer Key

vi

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3-124 3-124 3-124 3-125

3-126 3-126 3-126 3-127

3-128 3-128 3-128 3-128

3-129 3-129 3-129 3-129

3-130 3-130 3-130 3-130

3-131 3-131 3-131 3-131 3-132

Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Table of Contents Volume 2 Configuring OSPF Overview Module Objectives Module Outline

OSPF Protocol Overview Overview Relevance Objectives Learner Skills and Knowledge Outline

Link-State Routing Protocols Example

Defining an OSPF Area Defining OSPF Adjacencies OSPF Calculation Summary Quiz Quiz Answer Key

OSPF Packet Types Overview Relevance Objectives Learner Skills and Knowledge Outline

Types of OSPF Packets OSPF Neighbor Adjacency Establishment Exchange Process and OSPF Neighbor Adjacency States OSPF Link-State Sequence Numbers The debug ip ospf packet Command Summary Quiz Quiz Answer Key

Configuring Basic OSPF Overview Relevance Objectives Learner Skills and Knowledge Outline

Configuring Basic Single-Area OSPF Manipulating the OSPF Router ID Summary Quiz

4-1 4-1 4-1 4-2

4-3 4-3 4-3 4-3 4-3 4-4

4-5 4-7

4-8 4-11 4-14 4-17 4-18 4-20

4-21 4-21 4-21 4-21 4-21 4-22

4-23 4-25 4-27 4-33 4-35 4-37 4-38 4-40

4-41 4-41 4-41 4-41 4-41 4-42

4-43 4-51 4-55 4-56

Quiz Answer Key

4-57

OSPF Network Types Overview

4-59 4-59

Relevance Objectives Learner Skills and Knowledge Outline

Adjacency Behavior for a Point-to-Point Link Adjacency Behavior for a Broadcast Network Adjacency Behavior for an NBMA Network

4-59 4-59 4-60 4-60

4-61 4-62 4-67

OSPF Commands for NBMA Network Frame Relay Example

Common OSPF Configurations for Frame Relay The debug ip ospf adj Command Summary Next Steps

Quiz Quiz Answer Key

Types of OSPF Routers and Link-State Advertisements Overview Relevance Objectives Learner Skills and Knowledge Outline

Types of OSPF Routers OSPF LSA Types Type 1 Type 2 Types 3 and 4 Type 5 Type 6 Type 7 Type 8 Types 9, 10, and 11

Interpreting the OSPF LSDB and Routing Table Summary Quiz Quiz Answer Key

4-72

4-73 4-86 4-88 4-88

4-89 4-91

4-93 4-93 4-93 4-93 4-93 4-94

4-95 4-98 4-98 4-98 4-99 4-99 4-99 4-99 4-99 4-99

4-105 4-110 4-111 4-113

OSPF Route Summarization Techniques Overview

4-115 4-115

Relevance Objectives Learner Skills and Knowledge Outline

4-115 4-115 4-116 4-116

OSPF Route Summarization Concepts Example

OSPF Route Summarization Commands Example

Creating a Default Route in OSPF The default-information originate Command Example

Summary Quiz Quiz Answer Key

OSPF Special Area Types Overview Relevance Objectives Learner Skills and Knowledge Outline

Types of OSPF Areas Stub Areas Totally Stubby Areas Not-So-Stubby Areas Summary ii

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4-120 4-123

4-124 4-125 4-127

4-128 4-129 4-131

4-133 4-133 4-133 4-133 4-133 4-134

4-135 4-137 4-140 4-145 4-149 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Next Steps

4-149

Quiz

4-150

Quiz Answer Key

4-152

OSPF Virtual Links Overview

4-153 4-153

Relevance Objectives Learner Skills and Knowledge Outline

4-153 4-153 4-153 4-154

Defining an OSPF Virtual Link Configuring OSPF Virtual Links Verifying OSPF Virtual Links Operation Summary

4-155 4-157 4-162 4-164

Next Steps

4-164

Quiz

4-165

Quiz Answer Key

4-166

Lesson Assessments Overview

4-167 4-167

Outline

4-167

Quiz 4-1: OSPF Protocol Overview

4-168

Objectives Quiz Scoring

4-168 4-168 4-169

Quiz 4-2: OSPF Packet Types

4-170

Objectives Quiz Scoring

4-170 4-170 4-171

Quiz 4-3: Configuring Basic OSPF

4-172

Objectives Quiz Scoring

4-172 4-172 4-173

Quiz 4-4: OSPF Network Types

4-174

Objectives Quiz Scoring

4-174 4-174 4-175

Quiz 4-5: Types of OSPF Routers and LSAs

4-176

Objectives Quiz Scoring

4-176 4-176 4-177

Quiz 4-6: OSPF Route Summarization Techniques Objectives Quiz Scoring

4-178 4-178 4-179

Quiz 4-7: OSPF Special Area Types

4-180

Objectives Quiz Scoring

4-180 4-180 4-181

Quiz 4-8: OSPF Virtual Links

4-182

Objectives Quiz Scoring Lesson Assessment Answer Key

Copyright

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4-178

4-182 4-182 4-183 4-184

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Configuring the IS-IS Protocol Overview Module Objectives Module Outline

Overview of IS-IS Routing and CLNS Overview Relevance Objectives Learner Skills and Knowledge Outline

5-1 5-2 5-2

5-3 5-3 5-3 5-3 5-3 5-4

IS-IS Routing Integrated IS-IS ES-IS Protocol Operations OSI Routing Levels

5-5 5-6 5-11 5-12

IS-IS Level 0 Routing IS-IS Level 1 Routing IS-IS Level 2 Routing IS-IS Level 3 Routing Summary

5-12 5-12 5-13 5-13 5-13

Comparing IS-IS and OSPF Summary

5-14 5-21

References

Quiz Quiz Answer Key

Understanding CLNS Addressing Overview Relevance Objectives Learner Skills and Knowledge Outline

NSAP Addresses NET Addresses Summary References

Quiz Quiz Answer Key

Basic Operations of IS-IS in a CLNS Environment Overview Relevance Objectives Learner Skills and Knowledge Outline

Intra-Area and Interarea Addressing and Routing Example

IS-IS Routing Levels IS-IS Protocol Data Units Example

Link-State Packets Topologies Broadcast Networks Point-to-Point Networks Level 1 and Level 2 LSP Level 1 and Level 2 IIH

Link-State Database Synchronization iv

5-1

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5-22 5-24

5-25 5-25 5-25 5-25 5-25 5-26

5-27 5-32 5-34 5-34

5-35 5-36

5-37 5-37 5-37 5-37 5-38 5-38

5-39 5-41

5-42 5-45 5-46

5-47 5-51 5-52 5-55 5-55 5-55

5-57 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Example

5-60

Summary Quiz

5-64 5-65

Quiz Answer Key

5-68

Basic Operations of Integrated IS-IS in an IP and CLNS Environment Overview Relevance Objectives Learner Skills and Knowledge Outline

5-69 5-69 5-69 5-69 5-69 5-70

Integrated IS-IS NET Addressing Criteria and Path Selection for IS-IS Area Routing Building an IP Forwarding Database Example

5-71 5-73 5-74 5-75

Using show Commands Summary

5-76 5-84

References

5-84

Quiz

5-85

Quiz Answer Key

5-87

Configuring Basic Integrated IS-IS Overview

5-89 5-89

Relevance Objectives Learner Skills and Knowledge Outline

5-89 5-89 5-89 5-90

Integrated IS-IS Configuration Steps Basic IS-IS Configuration Commands

5-91 5-93

Example

5-96

Optimizing IS-IS

5-97

Example

5-100

Scalable IS-IS in Large Networks Verifying IS-IS Configuration and Troubleshooting IS-IS Operations Summary References Next Steps

5-101 5-102 5-104 5-104 5-104

Quiz

5-105

Quiz Answer Key

5-106

Lesson Assessments Overview

5-107 5-107

Outline

5-107

Quiz 5-1: Overview of IS-IS Routing and CLNS

5-108

Objectives Quiz Scoring

5-108 5-108 5-108

Quiz 5-2: Understanding CLNS Addressing

5-109

Objectives Quiz Scoring

5-109 5-109 5-109

Quiz 5-3: Basic Operations of IS-IS in a CLNS Environment Objectives Quiz Scoring

5-110 5-110 5-110

Quiz 5-4: Basic Operations of Integrated IS-IS in an IP and CLNS Environment Objectives Quiz Scoring Copyright

2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.

5-110

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Quiz 5-5: Configuring Basic Integrated IS-IS Objectives Quiz Scoring Lesson Assessment Answer Key

vi

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Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Table of Contents Volume 3 Manipulating Routing Updates Overview Module Objectives Module Outline

Migration and Route Selection Between Multiple IP Routing Protocols Overview Relevance Objectives Learner Skills and Knowledge Outline

Considerations for Migrating to Another Routing Protocol Example

Planning for New IP Address Allocation Example

Procedures for Migrating to a New IP Address Space Migrating to a New Routing Protocol Purpose of Redistribution Example

Seed Metrics Redistribution Implementation Considerations Summary Quiz Quiz Answer Key

Configuring and Verifying Route Redistribution Overview

6-1 6-1 6-1 6-2

6-3 6-3 6-3 6-3 6-4 6-4

6-5 6-6

6-7 6-8

6-9 6-12 6-14 6-17

6-18 6-21 6-24 6-25 6-27

6-29 6-29

Relevance Objectives Learner Skills and Knowledge Outline

6-29 6-29 6-30 6-30

Configuring Redistribution The redistribute Command for RIP

6-31 6-33

Example

The redistribute Command for OSPF Example

The redistribute Command for EIGRP Example

The redistribute Command for IS-IS Example

Example of Implementing and Verifying Route Redistribution Summary References

Quiz Quiz Answer Key

Controlling Routing Update Traffic Overview Relevance Objectives Learner Skills and Knowledge Outline

Passive Interface Route Filtering Example

Distribute List

6-35

6-36 6-38

6-39 6-41

6-42 6-44

6-45 6-50 6-50

6-51 6-53

6-55 6-55 6-55 6-55 6-56 6-56

6-57 6-59 6-61

6-62

Summary Quiz

6-66 6-67

Quiz Answer Key

6-68

Using Route Maps to Control Routing Updates Overview

6-69 6-69

Relevance Objectives Learner Skills and Knowledge Outline

6-69 6-69 6-69 6-70

Route Map Operation

6-71

Example

6-75

route-map Commands Route Maps with Redistribution

6-76 6-80

Example

6-81

Summary

6-82

Next Steps

6-82

Quiz

6-83

Quiz Answer Key

6-84

Using Administrative Distance to Influence the Route Selection Process Overview Relevance Objectives Learner Skills and Knowledge Outline

6-85 6-85 6-85 6-86

Purpose of Administrative Distance

6-87

Example

6-88

Commands for Changing Administrative Distance Examples of Redistribution Using Administrative Distance Summary

6-89 6-91 6-97

Next Steps

6-97

Quiz

6-98

Quiz Answer Key

6-99

Policy-Based Routing Overview

6-101 6-101

Relevance Objectives Learner Skills and Knowledge Outline

6-101 6-101 6-101 6-102

Benefits of Policy-Based Routing Establishing PBR Route Maps Example of a PBR Configuration Using PBR show and debug Commands Summary

6-103 6-105 6-114 6-116 6-120

Next Steps

6-120

Quiz

6-121

Quiz Answer Key

6-122

Lesson Assessments Overview

6-123 6-123

Outline

6-123

Quiz 6-1: Migration and Route Selection Between Multiple IP Routing Protocols Objectives Quiz Scoring

Quiz 6-2: Configuring and Verifying Route Redistribution ii

6-85 6-85

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6-126 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Objectives Quiz Scoring

6-126 6-126 6-127

Quiz 6-3: Controlling Routing Update Traffic

6-128

Objectives Quiz Scoring

6-128 6-128 6-129

Quiz 6-4: Using Route Maps to Control Routing Updates Objectives Quiz Scoring

6-130 6-130 6-130 6-132

Quiz 6-5: Using Administrative Distance to Influence the Route Selection Process Objectives Quiz Scoring

6-133 6-133 6-133 6-133

Quiz 6-6: Policy-Based Routing

6-134

Objectives Quiz Scoring Lesson Assessment Answer Key

6-134 6-134 6-135 6-136

Configuring Basic BGP

7-1

Overview

7-1

Module Objectives Module Outline

7-1 7-2

BGP Overview Overview

7-3 7-3

Relevance Objectives Learner Skills and Knowledge Outline

7-3 7-3 7-3 7-4

Definition of BGP BGP Path-Vector Routing

7-5 7-7

Example

7-9

BGP Characteristics BGP Message Types Summary

7-10 7-14 7-16

References

7-16

Quiz

7-17

Quiz Answer Key

7-18

BGP Concepts and Terminology Overview

7-19 7-19

Relevance Objectives Learner Skills and Knowledge Outline

7-19 7-19 7-19 7-20

Terminology for BGP Neighbor Relationships External BGP Neighbors Internal BGP Neighbors

7-21 7-22 7-23

Example

7-23

Full Mesh of IBGP Neighbors

7-24

Example

7-27

Summary

7-29

References

7-29

Quiz

7-30

Quiz Answer Key

Copyright

2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.

7-31

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Basic BGP Operations Overview

7-33 7-33

Relevance Objectives Learner Skills and Knowledge Outline

7-33 7-33 7-33 7-34

Basic BGP Configuration

7-35

Example Example Example

7-39 7-43 7-50

BGP Neighbor States BGP show, debug, and clear Commands Summary

7-61 7-66 7-75

Next Steps

7-75

Quiz

7-76

Quiz Answer Key

7-78

BGP Route Summarization Overview

7-79 7-79

Relevance Objectives Learner Skills and Knowledge Outline

7-79 7-79 7-79 7-80

BGP Version 4 and Classless Interdomain Routing

7-81

Example

7-84

BGP Route Summarization Using the network Command

7-85

Example

7-88

BGP Route Summarization Using the aggregate-address Command Example

Summary References

Quiz

7-91

7-94 7-94

7-95

Quiz Answer Key

7-97

BGP Path Selection Process Overview

7-99 7-99

Relevance Objectives Learner Skills and Knowledge Outline

Characteristics of BGP Attributes The AS Path Attribute Example

The Next-Hop Attribute Example

The Origin Attribute The Local Preference Attribute Example

The MED Attribute Example

The Weight Attribute Example

BGP Path Selection Criteria The BGP Path Selection Decision Tree Summary References Next Steps iv

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Quiz

7-116

Quiz Answer Key

7-118

Basic BGP Path Manipulation Using Route Maps Overview Relevance Objectives Learner Skills and Knowledge Outline

7-119 7-119 7-119 7-119 7-119 7-120

Setting Local Preference with Route Maps Setting the MED with Route Maps Summary Quiz

7-121 7-132 7-139 7-140

Quiz Answer Key

7-141

Design Options for Multihoming Overview

7-143 7-143

Relevance Objectives Learner Skills and Knowledge Outline

7-143 7-143 7-144 7-144

Design Choices with Multihoming for BGP Default Route from Each Provider

7-145 7-147

Example

7-149

Partial Routing Table from Each Provider Full Routing Table from Each Provider

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Example

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Summary

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Next Steps

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Quiz

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Lesson Assessments Overview

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Outline

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Quiz 7-1: BGP Overview

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Objectives Quiz Scoring

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Quiz 7-2: BGP Concepts and Terminology

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Objectives Quiz Scoring

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Quiz 7-3: Basic BGP Operations

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Objectives Quiz Scoring

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Quiz 7-4: BGP Route Summarization

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Objectives Quiz Scoring

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Quiz 7-5: BGP Path Selection Process

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Objectives Quiz Scoring

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Quiz 7-6: Basic BGP Path Manipulation Using Route Maps Objectives Quiz Scoring Copyright

2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.

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Quiz 7-7: Design Options for Multihoming Objectives Quiz Scoring Lesson Assessment Answer Key

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Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.

BSCI

Course Introduction Overview Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI) v2.1 is recommended training for individuals seeking Cisco CCNP certification. The course instructs network administrators of medium-tolarge network sites on the use of advanced IP addressing and routing in implementing scalability for Cisco routers that are connected to LANs and WANs. The goal is to train network administrators to dramatically increase the number of routers and sites using these techniques instead of redesigning the network when additional sites or wiring configurations are added.

Outline The Course Introduction includes these topics: Course Objectives Cisco Certifications Learner Skills and Knowledge Learner Responsibilities General Administration Course Flow Diagram Icons and Symbols Learner Introductions

Course Objectives This topic lists the course objectives.

Course Objectives Upon completing this course, you will be able to: • Describe advanced IP addressing to include variable-length subnet masking, route summarization, classless interdomain routing, basic IP version 6, and use of Network Address Translation with route maps • Identify advanced IP routing principles, including static and dynamic routing characteristics and the concepts of classless routing and network boundary summarization © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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3

Upon completing this course, you will be able to: Describe advanced IP addressing to include variable-length subnet masking, route summarization, classless interdomain routing, basic IP version 6, and use of Network Address Translation with route maps Identify advanced IP routing principles, including static and dynamic routing characteristics and the concepts of classless routing and network boundary summarization

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Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI) v2.1

Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Course Objectives (Cont.) Upon completing this course, you will be able to: • Configure Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol for a scalable network • Configure Open Shortest Path First for a scalable multiarea network • Configure Intermediate System-toIntermediate System for a scalable multiarea network

© 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Upon completing this course, you will be able to: Configure Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol for a scalable network Configure Open Shortest Path First for a scalable multiarea network Configure Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System for a scalable multiarea network

Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Course Introduction

3

Course Objectives (Cont.) Upon completing this course, you will be able to: • Manipulate routing updates and packet flow using redistribution, distribution lists, administrative distance, route maps, and policy-based routing • Configure basic Border Gateway Protocol for internal and external Border Gateway Protocol connections

© 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Upon completing this course, you will be able to: Manipulate routing updates and packet flow using redistribution, distribution lists, administrative distance, route maps, and policy-based routing Configure basic Border Gateway Protocol for internal and external Border Gateway Protocol connections

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Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI) v2.1

Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Cisco Certifications This topic lists the certification requirements of this course.

Cisco Certifications

© 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Cisco provides three levels of general career certifications for IT professionals with several different tracks to meet individual needs. Cisco also provides focused Cisco Qualified Specialist (CQS) certifications for designated areas such as cable communications, voice, and security. There are many paths to Cisco certification, but only one requirement—passing one or more exams demonstrating knowledge and skill. For details, go to http://www.cisco.com/go/certifications.

Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Course Introduction

5

Learner Skills and Knowledge This topic lists the course prerequisites.

Prerequisite Learner Skills and Knowledge Internetworking Fundamentals OSI Reference Model Operating/Configuring Cisco Routers TCP/IP Stack Configuring IP Addresses

BSCI

IP Subnetting and VLSM RIP, IGRP, EIGRP, and OSPF Static/Default Routes © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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7

To fully benefit from this course, you must have these prerequisite skills and knowledge: CCNA certification Networking terms, numbering schemes, and topologies Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model Operating and configuring a Cisco router TCP/IP stack and configuration of IP addresses IP subnetting to include complex subnetting and variable-length subnet masking (VLSM) Routing protocol operation and configuration for Routing Information Protocol (RIP), Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP), Enhanced IGRP (EIGRP), and Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) single-area networks Using, implementing, and configuring static and default routes

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Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI) v2.1

Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Prerequisite Learner Skills and Knowledge (Cont.)

Interpreting a Cisco Routing Table Standard/Extended Access Lists Basic Router Configurations Using -¸±© and ¼»¾«¹ commands

BSCI

Configuring WANs with HDLC and PPP Configuring WANs Using Frame Relay PVCs

© 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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To fully benefit from this course, you must have these prerequisite skills and knowledge: Interpreting the contents, entries, and indicators from a Cisco routing table Filtering traffic with standard and extended access lists Verifying basic router configurations using show and debug command output Verifying basic switch configurations using show command output Configuring a WAN serial interface using High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) and PPP Configuring a WAN serial interface using Frame Relay permanent virtual circuits (PVCs) and subinterfaces

Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Course Introduction

7

Learner Responsibilities This topic discusses the responsibilities of the learners.

Learner Responsibilities

• Complete prerequisites • Introduce yourself • Ask questions

© 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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9

To take full advantage of the information presented in this course, you must have completed the prerequisite requirements. In class, you are expected to participate in all lesson exercises and assessments. In addition, you are encouraged to ask any questions relevant to the course materials. If you have pertinent information or questions concerning future Cisco product releases and product features, please discuss these topics during breaks or after class. The instructor will answer your questions or direct you to an appropriate information source.

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General Administration This topic lists the administrative issues for the course.

General Administration

Class-Related • Sign-in sheet • Length and times

Facilities-Related • Site emergency procedures

• Attire

• Rest rooms

• Course materials

• Telephones/faxes • Break and lunchroom locations

© 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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The instructor will discuss the administrative issues noted here so you know exactly what to expect from the class. Sign-in process Starting and anticipated ending times of each class day Class breaks and lunch facilities Appropriate attire during class Materials you can expect to receive during class What to do in the event of an emergency Location of the rest rooms How to send and receive telephone and fax messages

Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Course Introduction

9

Course Flow Diagram This topic covers the suggested flow of the course materials.

Course Flow Diagram Day 1

A M

Course Introduction

Day 2

Configuring EIGRP

Day 3

Configuring OSPF

Advanced IP Addressing

Day 4

Configuring the IS-IS Protocol

Day 5 Manipulating Routing Updates Configuring Basic BGP

Lunch

P M

Advanced IP Addressing

Configuring EIGRP

Configuring OSPF

Routing Principles

Configuring OSPF

Configuring the IS-IS Protocol

© 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Manipulating Routing Updates

Configuring Basic BGP

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The schedule reflects the recommended structure for this course. This structure allows enough time for the instructor to present the course information and for you to work through the laboratory exercises. The exact timing of the subject materials and labs depends on the pace of your specific class.

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Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI) v2.1

Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Icons and Symbols This topic shows the Cisco icons and symbols used in this course.

Cisco Icons and Symbols Cell Phone

Router

PDA Key

Network Cloud

Web Server

PC

File Server

Serial Link

Laptop Circuit-Switched Link

Ethernet End User © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.

End User BSCI 2.1

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Course Introduction

11

Learner Introductions This is the point in the course where you introduce yourself.

Learner Introductions

• Your name • Your company • Skills and knowledge • Brief history • Objective

© 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Prepare to share the following information: Your name Your company If you have most or all of the prerequisite skills A profile of your experience What you would like to learn from this course

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Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI) v2.1

Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Module 1

Advanced IP Addressing Overview Scalable, well-behaved networks are not accidental; they are the result of good network design and effective implementation planning. A key element for effective scalable network implementation is a well-conceived and scalable advanced IP addressing plan. The purpose of an advanced IP addressing plan is to maximize the shrinking amount of IP address space available in deployed networks and minimize the size of routing tables. As a network grows, the number of subnets and the volume of network addresses increase proportionally. Without advanced IP addressing technique, such as summarization and classless interdomain routing (CIDR), the size of the routing table is increased, which causes a variety of problems; for example, the network requires more CPU resources to acknowledge each internetwork topology change in a larger routing table. In addition, larger routing tables have greater potential for delays when the CPU resources sort and search for a match to a destination address. Both of these problems are solved by summarization and CIDR. In order to effectively use summarization and CIDR to control the size of routing tables, network administrators employ advanced IP addressing techniques, such as Network Address Translation (NAT) and variable-length subnet masking (VLSM). NAT uses globally unique addresses for routing across the Internet and between independent divisions within an organization. NAT uses different address pools for tracking groups of users, which makes it easier to manage interconnectivity. VLSM is a type of subnet masking used for hierarchical addressing. This advanced IP addressing technique allows the network administrator to subnet a previously subnetted address to make the best use of the available address space. Another long-standing problem that network administrators must overcome is the exhaustion of available IP addresses caused by the increase in Internet use. Although the current solution is to use NAT, the long-term solution is to migrate from the IP version 4 (IPv4) 32-bit address space to the IP version 6 (IPv6) 128-bit address space. Gaining an insight into IPv6 functionality and deployment will prove valuable for network administrators in the not-too-distant future.

Module Objectives Upon completing this module, you will be able to maximize the shrinking amount of IP address space available in deployed networks and minimize the size of routing tables to provide a wellconceived and scalable advanced IP addressing plan.

Module Objectives • Explain the benefits and characteristics of an effective scalable IP-addressing plan • Describe the role of variable-length subnet masking hierarchical addressing in a scalable network and calculate variable-length subnet masking • Demonstrate the principles of route summarization and CIDR by summarizing a given range of network addresses into larger IP address blocks • Describe the features and benefits of using IPv6, given the increasingly complex requirements of hierarchical addressing • Configure NAT for multiple address pools using access lists and route maps

© 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Module Outline The outline lists the components of this module.

Module Outline

• Purpose of Address Planning • Hierarchical Addressing Using Variable-Length Subnet Masks • Route Summarization and Classless Interdomain Routing • Understanding IP Version 6 • Network Address Translation • Lesson Assessments

© 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI) v2.1

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Purpose of Address Planning Overview A well-designed large-scale internetwork with an effective scalable IP addressing plan has many benefits. These benefits include a network that is scalable, flexible, predictable, and able to hide information through summarization.

Relevance You must execute a detailed IP addressing plan to increase the scale of a network in an optimal manner and take advantage of the advanced features of current IP routing protocols.

Objectives Upon completing this lesson, you will be able to meet these objectives: Explain the access, distribution, and core layer elements of network design in a scalable network List the advantages of effective network design principles Describe scalability, predictability, flexibility, and the ability to perform summarization as criteria of effective IP address planning

Learner Skills and Knowledge To benefit fully from this lesson, you must have these prerequisite skills and knowledge: Cisco CCNA

certification or equivalent knowledge and experience

Outline The outline lists the topics included in this lesson.

Outline

• Overview • Scalable Network Design • Benefits of Good Network Design • Benefits of an Optimized IP Addressing Plan • Summary • Quiz

© 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI) v2.1

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Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Scalable Network Design This topic covers the scalable network design concepts that are imperative for understanding IP address planning.

Scalable Network Design

Access layer • Entry point for users into the internetwork Distribution layer • Consolidation point for traffic and location of corporate resources Core layer • Quick and efficient transit between divisions © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

BSCI 2.1

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Corporate organizational structure affects the design of a network. The structure of scalable network design reflects the information flow of a corporation. These design structures are referred to as hierarchical network designs. Two types of hierarchical network design are as follows: Functional Geographical Within the context of these hierarchical networks, you must implement a scalable design at three network layers: the core layer, the access layer, and the distribution layer.

Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Advanced IP Addressing

1-5

Functional Structured Design

Corporate networks may be organized by product divisions. Network architecture can follow corporate organizational charts. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

BSCI 2.1

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Some corporations have independent divisions that are responsible for their own operations, including networking. These divisions interact with one another and share resources; however, each division has an independent chain of command. This type of corporate structure is reflected in a functional network design. A functional design internetworks various divisions according to their functional purpose within the corporate structure.

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Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Geographical Structured Design

Networks are organized along geographical boundaries such as countries or states. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Many interstate retail corporations are organized by geographical location of retail stores. Within the corporate structure, each local retail store reports to a district consolidation point. These district consolidation points report to regional consolidation points. The regional consolidation points then report to corporate headquarters. This type of corporate structure is reflected in a geographical network design. A geographical design internetworks divisions according to their location. Note

From a networking point of view, a geographical network structure is cost-effective because fewer network links require long-haul carriers, often a considerable added expense.

Within the functional or geographical networks, three primary layer elements are involved in a scalable network design: Core layer: The circuits with the largest bandwidth are in the core layer of the network. Redundancy occurs more frequently at this layer than at the other layers. Access layer: The access layer is the entry point into the network for end users and customers. VLANs, firewalls, and access lists maintain security for this layer. Distribution layer: The distribution layer is the consolidation point for access-layer devices. Host services with multiple access-layer devices are assigned to this layer.

Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Advanced IP Addressing

1-7

Core Layer—Fully Meshed

• The core layer is designed to provide quick and efficient access to headquarters and other divisions within the company. • Redundancy is often found in the core network. • Compared to other layers, the core generally has the circuits with the largest bandwidth. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

BSCI 2.1

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In the fully meshed core-layer design, each division has redu