Bodytalk for Plants 9781929762330

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BodyTalk

for Plants

by Dr. John Veltheim First Edition

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BodyTalk for Plants

BodyTalk for Plants First published in 2014 PaRama LLC 2750 Stickney Point Rd. #203 Sarasota, Florida 34231, USA First Edition 1.0 August 2014 ISBN: 978-1-929762-33-0 Copyright © 2014 by International BodyTalk Association, Inc. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this publication covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means – including but not limited to electronic, mechanical, photocopying, scanning, digitizing, taping, recording, or otherwise – without the express written consent of International BodyTalk Association, Inc. We have made every effort to trace the ownership of all copyrighted material and to secure permissions from copyright holders. In the event of any questions arising as to the use of any material, we will be pleased to make the necessary corrections in future printings. All images courtesy of thinkstockphoto are subject to copyright ©. They may not be reproduced or distributed in any way. For information regarding permission: Phone +1.941.921.7443 Fax +1.941.924.3779 Toll Free (US only) 1.877.519.9119 Or contact us on the web at: www.ibaglobalhealing.com

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Notice to the Reader: Care has been taken to confirm the accuracy of the information presented in this book. However, the authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any consequences from application of the information contained herein and make no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the contents of this publication. Practitioners are independent of the IBA, they are supposed to practice in accordance with their own state, country laws and govern their own operations and regulations. BodyTalk texts, videos, websites, other printed materials and sessions are designed to promote relaxation and communication within and between various areas of the body. BodyTalk application methods are in no way deemed substitutes for medical diagnoses, treatments and/or medications and should not be interpreted as such. IN CASE OF A MEDICAL EMERGENCY SEEK APPROPRIATE EMERGENCY CARE. By following the instructions contained herein, the reader willingly assumes all risks in connection with such instructions. The authors, editors, and publisher make no representations or warranties of any kind, nor are any such representations implied. The authors, editors, and publisher shall not be liable for any special, consequential, or exemplary damages resulting in whole or part, from the readers’ use of or reliance upon the material contained herein. BODYTALK PRINTED MATERIALS, PROGRAMS, LECTURES AND OTHER PRESENTATIONS ARE DESIGNED TO PROVIDE A NON-INVASIVE MODALITY AND SHOULD NOT BE RELIED UPON FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OR TREATMENT OF MENTAL OR PHYSICAL ILLNESSES. THE BODYTALK PRACTITIONER DOES NOT DIAGNOSE DISEASE NOR DOES HE/SHE PERFORM MASSAGE/MANIPULATIONS. THE BODYTALK PRACTITIONER DOES NOT PROVIDE INJECTIONS NOR DOES HE/SHE PRESCRIBE DIETS, HERBS, SUPPLEMENTS OR MEDICATIONS.

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BodyTalk for Plants

Author: Dr. John Veltheim Founder of the BodyTalk System and Co-Founder of the IBA

Special Acknowledgement to: Karen Broadhead-Haney, BodyTalk Practitioner

Thank you for your contribution to this project. - Dr. John Veltheim

Rosilyn Kinnersley, IBA Instructor

Ellany Whelan, Certified BodyTalk Practitioner

Thank you for the excellent proof reading and copy editing. - Dr. John Veltheim Amanda Rollefstad, IBA Instructor

Thank you for researching, managing and coordinating this project. - Dr. John Veltheim

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About the Author Dr. John Veltheim, IBA Founder The International BodyTalk Association was founded by Dr. John Veltheim. Dr. Veltheim is a chiropractor, traditional acupuncturist, philosopher, Reiki Master, lecturer, teacher and the creator of The BodyTalk System. The BodyTalk System is a consciousnessbased methodology which utilizes the body’s innate healing ability to address health challenges and maintain good health. BodyTalk was first developed in the 1990’s. Dr. Veltheim ran a very successful clinic in Brisbane, Australia for 15 years. He was also the Principal of the Brisbane College of Acupuncture and Natural Therapies for five years. His extensive post-graduate studies include applied kinesiology, bio-energetic psychology, osteopathy, sports medicine, counseling and comparative philosophy and theology.

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In 1998, Dr. Veltheim moved to Sarasota, Florida to further his practice and research of BodyTalk. Soon he began to teach The BodyTalk System to professionals as well as lay people. When word spread about the successes of this remarkable new healthcare system, he took on the task of training other instructors so The BodyTalk System could be taught worldwide. By 2009 there were over 160 instructors teaching in over 40 countries, with training materials translated into 10 languages. Today, Dr. Veltheim travels the world, teaching BodyTalk and its related wellness programs to professionals, as well as lay people. He continues to mentor and train a network of instructors to ensure this remarkable new healthcare system can be taught worldwide. Dr. Veltheim is available for interviews on the subjects noted, as well as the importance of preventive measures in the overall healthcare debate.

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BodyTalk for Plants

Table of Contents 7

BodyTalk for Plants

11

Introducing - Plants

15

The Morphogenic Field (Matrix)

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Plant Communication

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Plants and Stress

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31 The Scope of Your Sessions 32 Implementing the Techniques 32 Assessment 32 Yes/No Response 32 Self-Checking 33 Using a Surrogate 33 Focus is Key 33 Intuition 33 Tapping 33 The Matrix Holder

Doing BodyTalk on Plants

44 Consciousness 44 EGB 44 Hydration 47 Scars 48 Wounds 51 Interference 52 Grafting Point 52 Plant Parts 52 Plant Parts Overview 53 Cells 54 Tissues 54 Vegetative Organs: Roots, Stems, and Leaves 57 Reproductive Organs: Spores, Cones, and Flowers 60 Plant Processes 60 Growth 60 Metabolism 61 Transportation (circulation) 61 Movement 62 Reproduction 62 Environment 62 General Environment 63 Vivaxis 69 Life Cycles 70 Matrixes 70 Establishing the Matrix Holder 72 Balancing the Matrix 72 Plant Chemistry 72 Microbes 74 Toxins 74 Nutrients 76 Active Memory 79 Circulation 80 Spreading

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Plant Protocol

81 Appendix

8 8 10

12 13 14

The Hologram The Crisis The Lesson

Non-Vascular Plants Vascular Plants In Summary

17 Functional Morphogenic Fields (Matrixes) 18 Plant Consciousness 18 Control of Specific Functional Morphogenic Fields (Matrixes) 19 Plant a Tree! 19 Trees 20 Tree Classifications

35 Protocol Chart 36 Permissions 37 Pre-Set Formulas 37 Roots to Soil (Rhizosphere) / Soil to Roots 37 Tapping For Pre-Set Formulas 38 Five Elements 41 Five Senses 41 What do they Feel? 41 What do they Taste? 42 What do they Smell? 42 What do they Hear? 42 What do they See? 42 The Five Senses Technique This book belongs to Member: 61715

82 Plant Classification 87 Vegetative Organs 97 Reproductive Organs 104 Trees 106 References for Appendix and Plant Chart

Introduction

BodyTalk for Plants We begin by exploring the subject of BodyTalk for Plants from the premise that the Universe is a hologram; where every part is a reflection (projection) of the whole.1 Further to this, the basic difference between all aspects of a hologram is the level of consciousness or awareness of the big picture of manifestation. For example, the consciousness or level of awareness of a rock is considered inferior to that of an animal or human, because the latter have an experiential knowledge of their environment. The human species is generally considered – or considers itself – attaining to the highest level of consciousness. Obviously, within the human species there are varying gradations or levels of consciousness. Perhaps, the only true, consistent level of consciousness in all sentient human beings is the understanding or "knowing" that they exist, which is experienced during the waking state. In many human beings, this inherent awareness of our existence fuels the drive towards meaning. “Why am I here?” The search for meaning and, thus, knowledge provides human beings with a perceived superiority over the other living species and objects we share this planet with. Unfortunately, man’s quest for meaning is invariably undertaken from a place of assumption, i.e. a pre-existing set of understandings. We assume we are that which we experience as “me”, namely, a physical system run by a mind, with emotions, that manifests as a personality with a name and history. Driven to discover meaning and purpose, the human being focuses on gaining a sense of control and safety for this assumed “me”. Until the quest for meaning, purpose and control is thwarted sufficiently, ontological questions, such as “Who Am I?” are rarely explored. In the search for self-affirmation or meaning the human being lives from a place of arrogance assuming a sense of superiority above all other living animals and plants. Hence, the mentality and commonly held belief that only humans experience emotions, significant levels of pain, and the ability to show compassion and altruism. Many humans also assume they are the only ones with sophisticated communication systems and the capacity to work in teams and so on. In recent times this narrow perspective has been strongly challenged as we discover more and more about how other living creatures, including plants, demonstrate a sophisticated level of communication, cooperation for the good of the planet, emotion, loyalty, and intelligence.

1 Cowen R. Simulations back up theory that Universe is a hologram. Nature.com. http://www.nature.com/news/simulations-backup-theory-that-universe-is-a-hologram-1.14328. December 2013. June 2014.

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The Hologram

The Crisis

The holographic model demonstrates the world to be a projection following mathematical principles. Analysis also shows that the world is made up of many energy fields known as matrixes or morphogenic fields that are all interlaced and interdependent. This interdependence follows the law of Dynamic Systems Theory, which establishes that everything is inextricably interconnected, with every aspect of the whole perpetually influencing every other aspect.2 Ultimately, from a priority perspective, everything within a hologram is of equal importance. The primary difference is that certain aspects of the morphogenic fields have different levels of sentience, which gives them more responsibility for dealing with the conflicts of everything in the hologram in order to facilitate its more harmonious progression and wisdom of Self.

When we look out into the world, carefully, we see a crisis going on at all levels. At a human level, the majority of us are focused on gaining control over our experience of life. To this end we look to make life easier, more convenient and predictable. Living from this mindset blinds us to the fact that the nature of life and the world is unpredictable, therefore not always convenient and is perceived as difficult.

Over the centuries, the human race has considered itself lord and master of the Universe with the power to "do" as it wants with every aspect of the Earth's ecology – living or not living. What has become obvious is that our arrogance has caused massive destruction to the point that we are endangering our own species through lack of insight, limited awareness and no long-term planning for the future. This has been especially accelerated in the last few centuries by the introduction of the scientific model devoid of the philosophical approach necessary for right brain philosophical understanding of the big picture.

“Earth provides enough to satisfy every man’s needs, but not every man’s greed.” – Mahatma Gandhi

2 Wikipedia. Dynamical systems theory. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Dynamical_systems_theory. September 2004. June 2014.

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In our quest for convenience we become short-sighted. We make bargains with the devil, choosing immediate gratification over actions that require forethought and informing ourselves responsibly and thoughtfully. In other words, the quest for convenience and ease requires us to ignore our hearts and remain slaves of the fearful mind. Questing from this perspective we become increasingly incapable of experiencing the practical mind, which is always there to serve us. The quest for convenience and its hallmark, lack of forethought, has a ripple down effect. As said before, every aspect of the hologram influences every other. When human beings go against the flow – denying the unpredictable and difficult aspects of life – the very opposite of what is desired comes to pass. Nuchlamyong C. Tree shaped world map in sky. iStock. Thinkstock. Getty Images. 158442925.

“One does not become enlightened by imagining figures of light, but by making the darkness conscious.” – Carl Jung

Introduction

To quest after convenience and ease is to not only turning our backs on the nature of the world, but also our own human nature. In this way we are setting ourselves up for a huge price to pay. Fortunately, from a holistic, ontological perspective, the price we will pay is so much distress that we will be forced to embark on what Joseph Campbell named the Hero’s Journey.3 This is the quest to know who we really are. In this search, the focus is very different because we begin our journey from the perspective of humility, having already experienced the pain of our ignorance. Basically, the Hero’s Journey begins each time we move away from the familiar, convenient and predictable and begin searching for another way of being and living. This is, in part, what BodyTalk for Plants is about – the search for another way of being and interacting with the planet we live on. We are ravaging the Earth and setting up destructive changes in climate and many other factors that will be hard to reverse. We are destroying whole species of animals and insects that are critical for a healthy ecology on the planet. We spray a crop and kill hundreds of insect species, just to kill one or two supposedly damaging insect species. The plant kingdom has been very badly injured through indiscriminate deforestation, mining, agriculture, and the scientific experiments in genetic engineering. Most of this is driven by capitalistic tendencies to make money at all costs, with the ignorant assumption that the solutions to reversing all the damage will be discovered by future generations.

Genetic Engineering and Cortices A BodyTalker in Canada who works on genetic engineering of plants discovered an interesting factor with BodyTalk. She did cortices daily on the genetically modified plants while they were growing. Upon maturation, analysis showed that the genetic engineering had been reversed!

3 Hero’s Quest Adventures Life & Career Renewal. Joseph Campbell and the Hero’s Journey. Hero’s Quest Adventures Life & Career Renewal. http://www.innerquest.com/josephcampbell.html. June 2014.

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Save the Bees

by John Cooksey of Greenpeace “The honey bee, responsible for 80 percent of pollination worldwide, is disappearing globally. Why and why do bees matter? This is no marginal species loss. Honey bees – wild and domestic – perform about 80 percent of all pollination worldwide. A single bee colony can pollinate 300 million flowers each day. Grains are primarily pollinated by the wind, but the best and healthiest food – fruits, nuts, and vegetables – are pollinated by bees. Seventy out of the top 100 human food crops, which supply about 90 percent of the world's nutrition, are pollinated by bees. We know what is killing the bees. Worldwide Bee Colony Collapse is not as big a mystery as the chemical companies claim. The systemic nature of the problem makes it complex, but not impenetrable. Scientists know that bees are dying from a variety of factors – pesticides, drought, habitat destruction, nutrition deficit, air pollution, global heating, and so forth. The causes of collapse merge and synergize, but we know that humanity is the perpetrator, and that the two most prominent causes appear to be pesticides and habitat loss.” Reference: Cooksey J. Promote Sustainable Agriculture. Greenpeace. http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/en/campaigns/genetic-engineering/ Bees-in-Crisis/. April 2014.

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The Lesson The narrow-minded arrogance of the industrialists and scientists behind these destructive tendencies is that they can somehow control, or rule the planet. Experience shows exactly the opposite. When it comes to any battle, Mother Nature will always win. We can erect the highest skyscrapers, the biggest dams, and the most powerful nuclear weapons, but when it comes down to it, Mother Nature through earthquakes, hurricanes, and weather changes, can destroy all those things in just a few hours. Some say such natural disturbances will happen regardless of human activity, and in some instances this is true. However, the reality is that many of the major environmental disruptions occurring in the world today can be explained through the principles of Dynamic Systems Theory. Like a very agitated fly struggling in a spider's web, our activities trigger vibrations which shake the whole web of existence. When we bring about significant destructive changes to our environment, this will set off a chain of events that will trigger major disasters that did not need to happen. Our human activity has created an imbalance in the system, and Nature must do what she must do to correct that balance. Until we understand the interconnectedness of Nature, and our place in it, the repercussions will continue. We are not separate to nature, nor are we superior to it and in control of it. We ARE nature. As you work with plants, you are taking an important step across the chasm of separation, and reestablishing the natural order of interconnectedness between humankind and the rest of nature.

Notes

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In this course you will begin to see how dynamically we are integrated into the structure and function of plant life. In the PlantEcology course, we will take this understanding much further by introducing insect and animal life into the equation.

Betyarlaca. Enjoying the sun. iStock. Thinkstock. Getty Images. 179061914.

“What we are doing to the forests of the world is but a mirror reflection of what we are doing to ourselves and to one another.” – Mahatma Gandhi

Introduction

Introducing - Plants

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BodyTalk for Plants

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There are hundreds of thousands of diverse organisms covering every region of our planet, which we generally refer to as plants. We live in a rich and exciting world surrounded by these amazing organisms, and there is much to learn about (and from) them. For the serious BodyTalk for Plants student to truly understand their plant "clients", he or she may wish to invest some study time and dive into the fascinating subject of Botany. To get us started, what follows is an introduction to the groups of organisms that botanists call "plants" and an overview of their primary structural and functional elements. It is estimated that there are currently as many as 400,000 living organisms classified as plants.4 In classic biological taxonomic hierarchy, plants belong to the Kingdom Plantae. Within Kingdom Plantae, plants are further classified into Phyla, or Divisions. These divisions are grouped into categories based on the mechanisms through which they transport water and nutrients within their bodies, well as by their reproductive strategies.

Non-Vascular Plants Just as it is for human physiology, water is essential for plant development, growth, reproduction and survival. Plants are classified into two categories, non-vascular and vascular, based on the types of cellular and tissue structures they have evolved to absorb, retain, and circulate water. Mosses, Liverworts and Hornworts are ancient, simple plants that do not have specialized internal tissue systems capable of circulating water. Without such tissue structures, these plants must live in a moist environment from which water can be absorbed into their cells directly from the surrounding air or another nearby source. These non-vascular plants reproduce through the production of spores as well as through vegetative reproduction.

Plants are capable of recognizing their siblings and will give them preferential treatment, competing less for valuable resources like root space than when surrounded by plants that are strangers. Reference: Rothschild A. Plants with Family Values. Nova. http:// www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/nature/plant-family-values.html. April 2013. June 2014.

PhotoAttractive. Dried land covered with moss. iSotck. Thinkstock. Getty Images. 46857414.

4 BGCI Plants for the Planet. Plant Species. BGCI Plants for the Planet. http://www.bgci.org/ourwork/1521/. June 2014.

Notes

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The Microbiome

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Vascular Plants In order for plant organisms to support larger growth, they must have the means to acquire and process the necessary raw materials to produce food, and the ability to distribute those materials to all of their cells. All plants must absorb water from their environment to use as raw molecular material for food production, as a conductive medium for nutrients, waste products, and to facilitate all metabolic processes in the plant body. The evolution of vascular tissue allows plants to effectively transport the water and food necessary to sustain increased stem growth and support larger leaves, flowers and fruits. Plant sap, which is a solution of mineral nutrients and sugar molecules suspended in water, is the life blood of the plant, and vascular tissues are similar to our arteries and veins, distributing life-giving nutrients throughout the plant body. Another essential component of plant survival is the presence of sunlight, required to fuel the process of photosynthesis. Vascular tissues do double-duty: in addition to conducting water and nutrients, their strong cell walls also provide the structural support necessary for plant stems to grow higher to reach the sun's rays. Some vascular tissues also contribute to girth growth, producing wider, sturdier bodies that can support more leaves, which can produce more food through photosynthesis to support increased growth. There are three groupings of plants which contain vascular tissues. These are further divided according to their different reproductive strategies.

Notes

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Vascular Seedless Plants These ancient plant species contain vascular tissue and reproduce by releasing spores instead of producing seeds, as well as through vegetative reproduction. The most common and widely known group of these plants is the Ferns.

Vascular Seed-Bearing Plants There are two categories of vascular plants which reproduce sexually by producing seeds: Also called non-flowering vascular plants, gymnosperms contain vascular tissue, and reproduce sexually by combining pollen and ova to produce seeds, but they do not produce flowers or fruit. The term gymnosperm literally means "naked seeds" as the seeds of gymnosperms do not develop inside of a protective structure. Most gymnosperm species produce seeds in modified leaf structures called cones. There are four groups of plant species classified as gymnosperms:

Conifers

Conifers are the largest and most diverse group of living gymnosperms. These are evergreen, cone-bearing trees and shrubs, including pines, cedars, spruces, firs, redwoods, tamarack, junipers, yews and hemlocks.

Cycads

Cycads dominated the landscape during the Jurassic period, but only a few cycads still grow wild today. Cycads can be found in some tropical and sub-tropical areas and are popular as ornamental plants.

Ginkgo

Ginkgo biloba, or the maidenhair tree, is the only living species of Ginkgo. Ginkgo biloba trees grow wild only in a small region of China, but are cultivated in China and in parts of North America.

Gnetae

Gnetum is a genus of about 30-35 species of tropical evergreen trees, shrubs and vines. Many Gnetum species are edible, and some are also valued in herbal medicine.

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Angiosperms, also referred to as flowering plants, include all plants that have flowers and produce seeds enclosed in a carpel. A carpel is a modified leaf that encloses seeds and may develop into a fruit. Angiosperms are the most abundant group of plants on Earth, with more than 350,000 species representing 80% of all plant life. We humans rely on flowering plants for food, clothing and building materials, and they are a source of food and shelter for many other species. Although all angiosperms produce flowers, the appearance of the flowers range from flowers completely lacking petals, such as those of grasses, to showy flowers with many parts, such as orchids or lilies. Deciduous trees such as ash, birch, maple and oak are angiosperms. The majority of angiosperms are grouped into two categories: Dicotyledons (dicots) and Monocotyledons (monocots).

Dicots (Also referred to as Eudicots)

Monocots

These are the largest group of angiosperms about 75% of all angiosperm species. Dicots include familiar garden plants such as lettuce, cucumbers, broccoli, tomato; legumes (peas, beans, lentils, peanuts); wildflowers, such as daisies, poppies, asters and geraniums; important ornamental and food-producing plants such as apples and cherries, and deciduous trees such as oak and maple.

In Summary Plants can be divided into those that contain vascular (water and sap conducting) tissue, and those that do not. Vascular plants are further grouped according to whether they reproduce by producing seeds or not. The most common and familiar group of plants that do not produce seeds are the Ferns. Vascular plants that reproduce with seeds are either gymnosperms (which produce seeds but not flowers or fruit) or angiosperms (which produce their seeds in flower structures and often enclose them in fruit). The most common group of gymnosperms is the conifers which include such familiar forest giants as the pines, firs, spruces and redwoods, as well as shrubs such as juniper. The majority of plants on our planet today are angiosperms. Angiosperms are one of the most diverse plant groups, and include pond plants, herbs, flowers, vegetables, vines, shrubs and trees. Angiosperms are grouped into two groups based on different anatomical characteristics: monocots and dicots. A morphogenic field (matrix) is an energy system where all the living participants have similar objectives and needs.5

5 Sheldrake R. Morphic Resonance. Rupert Sheldrake. http://www. sheldrake.org/research/morphic-resonance. June 2014.

Monocots make up about 23% of angiosperm species. Monocots include orchids, grasses, grains (wheat, corn, rice, millet), sugarcane, banana, palm, ginger, onions, bamboo, daffodils, and lilies.

Monocots and dicots are classified according to morphological differences in the root systems, stem growth patterns, leaf structure and vein patterns, flower structures, and seed development.

Sebastianosecondi. Complementary Neighborhood. iStock. Thinkstock. Getty Images. 492797669.

Notes

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The Morphogenic Field (Matrix)

The Morphogenic Field (Matrix)

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BodyTalk for Plants

Morphogenic fields come in an infinite variety of sizes and functions. Many of them have non-living states and tend to be functional such as the gravity field of the Earth or many other electromagnetic fields that are collectively achieving similar goals. It could be said that all living things share the same very large morphogenic field. Then, within that field, there are many subfields that involve certain specialized functions. This is especially the case in nature where the whole of nature can be described as a large morphogenic field. Within the morphogenic field of “the whole of nature”, humans, plants and animals would each have their own subfields. Within the human field there are other subfields such as gender, race/culture, etc. The plant kingdom is, of course, the same. Within the larger morphogenic field of plants, there would be several other subfields. A good example of this would be trees, or crops. The key is that these morphogenic fields operate under the principle of Dynamic Systems Theory, which denotes that everything is connected to everything and all functions are codependent and interactive. This is simply saying that all the plants, trees, insects and animals in our environment are dynamically interacting with each other. Humans must also be included in this interaction. We, as humans, can profoundly influence the ecology we live in. Conversely, we are dynamically affected by that ecology. In either case the effects can be positive or negative, or a dynamic mixture of both. The type of effect will depend upon our level of consciousness of this concept. In this case, the level of consciousness can be quite Cartesian in its nature. There are people who are very conscious of the interaction with the flowers, vegetables, and trees in the garden. However, they may have a negative relationship with the insect population that appears to be affecting their garden.

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RomoloTavani. Butterfly in hand on grass. iSotck. Thinkstock. Getty Images. 466604369.

In another instance, they may be very worried about climate change and pollution, while at the same time, they still use plastic bags for shopping, and do not take the time to sort their garbage for recycling. This type of behavior is what we call “selective consciousness” and will strongly influence the health of any plant, garden, or crop. This type of thinking is Cartesian as opposed to Dynamic Systems Theory. In order to truly understand nature, we must become aware of our selective consciousness.

The Morphogenic Field (Matrix)

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Functional Morphogenic Fields (Matrixes) The morphogenic fields of nature tend to divide into functional areas so that growth and adaptation to local conditions can be nurtured and maintained. This is necessary to compensate for the localized circumstances such as climate, human interference or support, soil type, physical demarcation such as mountains and rivers, or the conscious local nurturing and tending by humans. Some typical localized functional matrixes include:

1. Garden lots and yards, such as those found in urban development.

2. Parks, such as those found within cities. 3. Urban gated communities that have specific gardeners to tend to all the gardens within that community.

4. Crops, such as wheat fields. 5. Large areas of land found in nature.

Six Dun. Sun at the wheat field. iSotck. Thinkstock. Getty Images. 453731751.

Notes

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Several types of divisions can dictate the size and shape of these functional matrixes. Some examples include:

1. Garden lots - fences, or natural divisions such as garden hedges. Planting groups, such as those around a water feature, the grouping of pots in the front yard, or the plants along a walkway. Garden lots can also be divided by the consciousness of ownership of the particular block of land. This will occur when there are no divisions between the house lots. In this case, the strength of the matrix will depend upon the individual sense of ownership, and effort put into the maintenance of the yard.

2. Crops on farms are often divided by roads between the crops for movement of farm equipment, although natural divisions occur such as rivers, mountains, or significant changes in landscape.

3. In the wild, the divisions are usually significant factors such as rivers, mountains, gorges, or oceans.

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BodyTalk for Plants

Plant Consciousness The consciousness of plants is such that they operate and thrive as a group. There is no sense of an “individual”, such as there is in humans. Recent studies6 have shown that plants in a morphogenic field communicate (using more than 10 methods) with and actively support one another so that all the plants survive and thrive. For example, underneath the trees in a forest there is a very large and sophisticated network of fungi that enable communication frequencies to travel between all the trees and plants. Further, the fungi also facilitate the movement of nutrients such as carbon between the trees. It is important when considering the application of BodyTalk concepts and techniques, to keep in mind that plants operate within a different state of consciousness than humans that is collective rather than individualistic.

Control of Specific Functional Morphogenic Fields (Matrixes) Now that we have gone over functional morphogenic fields within the plant kingdom and introduced plant consciousness, we need to look into the operation and maintenance of these functional fields. This is necessary so that, as a BodyTalker, you are able to facilitate balance within these functional groupings of plants. For a specific matrix to be functional and healthy there should be a matrix holder that will attempt to control and stabilize the interactions between all the interactive factors in its domain. This will include all the plants, shrubs, trees, flowers, microbes, insects, and, when possible, humans. This means that, when there is stress within the matrix, it is the matrix holder that allows for group adaptations and adjustments when the individual plant is unable to. In dense forests the matrix holder is usually a tree, often called the "mother tree". This is because the mother tree will have a mechanism of direct contact with all the other trees, vines, and bushes that enables them to distribute nurturing chemicals to all the other trees in need, as well as important information to maintain the stability of the forest. Trees also seem to be the most optimal matrix holder for gardens and crops. The importance of trees and how to identify and work with them as matrix holders will be discussed in forthcoming sections.

Ulkan. Old olive tree. iSotck. Thinkstock. Getty Images. 484066141.

6 Rosenberg E, Silber-Rosenberg I. The Hologenome Concept: Human, Animal and Plant Microbiota. Springer International Publishing Kindle Edition; 2014.

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The Morphogenic Field (Matrix)

Plant a Tree! The palm tree in the center is the matrix holder. No garden should be without a tree! No garden is too small for a tree! Simply choose the appropriate tree for your garden.

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“To dwellers in a wood, almost every species of tree has its voice as well as its feature.” – Thomas Hardy, Under the Greenwood Tree The oldest living organisms on Earth are trees. Some trees can live for more than 1,000 years. In California, USA, there is a 4,841-year-old bristlecone pine, and there is an aspen grove in Utah, USA, that has been living continually for at least 80,000 years. This aspen grove formed from a single tree that has spread using its roots through vegetative reproduction, forming more aboveground shoots that make up the grove. This root-connected system of trees is considered a single macro-organism.8

Trees All plants are essential to the health and vitality of our shared Earth biome, but of particular significance are the trees. Trees are the largest plants, and also the largest organisms, on Earth. Trees can have a mature height of 1ft (30cm) to over 328ft (100m) tall, and can produce root and canopy systems which spread to cover an extensive area. For example, Thimmamma Marrimanu is the name of a banyan tree growing in India which has branches spreading over 2.5 acres, with a canopy of 19,107 square meters.7

7 Wikipedia. Thimmamma Marrimanu. Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Thimmamma_Marrimanu. May 2012. June 2014.

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Trees play a significant role in reducing erosion and moderating our global and local climate. They remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and store large quantities of carbon in their tissues, and produce life-giving oxygen as a waste product of photosynthesis. Trees and forests provide a habitat for many species of animals and plants. For humans, trees are essential to our survival and for our comfort and quality of life, producing shade and shelter, timber for construction, fuel for cooking and heating, fruits, nuts and spices for food, resins for healing and so on. In most every culture on earth, trees are revered or even worshipped as beings of great power and presence, or as powerful symbols that are foundational in many religious mythologies. The most ancient, cross-cultural symbolic representation of the construction and nature of the universe is the World Tree, a great tree that supports the cosmos, and provides a link between the heavens, Earth and underworld.9

8 Sheridan Lawn and Landscaping. The Oldest Living Trees on Earth. Tree Names. http://www.treenames.net/types/oldest_trees.html. 2002. June 2014. 9 Wikipedia. Tree Worship. Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Tree_worship. 2006. June 2014.

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BodyTalk for Plants

Tree Classifications All trees are vascular plants that have a single stem (trunk) with branches extending out from the sides and top of this trunk, forming an elevated crown.10 Trees are further categorized as either deciduous or coniferous based on their leaves. Angiosperm trees have their reproductive organs within a flower, which transform into seeds covered by a seed case or fruit. Angiosperm trees include apple, maple, birch, poplar and oak. Gymnosperm trees produce "naked" seeds that are borne on the scales of a cone or cone-like structure. They do not produce flowers or fruit. The seeds are single-lobed and not covered in a fruit or seed case. The most populous and commonly known group of gymnosperms are the Conifers. Conifers produce needles for photosynthesis and are classified as coniferous or evergreen.

Deciduous Trees Deciduous trees are those that lose their leaves for part of the year. The process of shedding leaves is called abscission. In temperate or polar climates, this process occurs in response to seasonal light availability and temperature changes.11 Leaves lose their green pigmentation and turn yellow, orange, red or brown before they are shed at the end of the growing season, generally in fall/autumn. During the winter dormancy period, the tree's energy and food resources are pulled into the trunk, and the energydemanding leaves are dropped, vastly reducing the tree's need for food, water and growth. The shed leaves gather on or near the tree's roots, composting essential nutrients back into the soil. This boost of nutrients is essential for the new shoot growth activity that will occur in the spring.12 In tropical, subtropical, and arid regions, plants lose their leaves during the dry season or throughout the year, depending on variations in rainfall. During prolonged dry periods the foliage is dropped to conserve water and prevent death from drought. Leaf drop is not seasonally dependent as it is in temperate climates, and can occur any time of year and varies by region of the world.13

Thanamat. Set of trees isolated on white background. istock. Thinkstock. Getty Images. 475383725.

10 Sheridan Lawn and Landscaping. List of Common Tree Names. Tree Names. http://www.treenames.net/index.html. February 2002. June 2014.

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11 Wikipedia. Deciduous. Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Deciduous. May 2010. June 2014. 12 Nicole. Deciduous vs. Coniferous. The Roaming Naturalist. http:// theroamingnaturalist.com/2010/11/03/deciduous-vs-coniferous/. November 2013. June 2014. 13 Wikipedia. Deciduous. Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Deciduous. May 2010. June 2014.

The Morphogenic Field (Matrix)

Deciduous trees generally have broad, flat leaves, though there are a few deciduous coniferous tree species that produce and annually shed needles, e.g. the Larch or the Dawn Redwood.14 Deciduous broadleaf trees tend to produce a large, full canopy of leaves, resulting in a more rounded shape.

Coniferous or Evergreen Trees Evergreen trees grow upward rather than outward and their branches grow in a triangular shape, which provides a strong base that allows the branches to support the weight of snow in the winter. The leaves on a coniferous tree are either long, pointed needles or are small, flat scales.15 Evergreen trees carry their needles throughout the year. They do shed needles, but do so slowly throughout the year rather than all at once, so this process is rarely noticeable. Needles have a variety of benefits: they are smaller, more watertight and more windproof and can photosynthesize all year long. Needles do not photosynthesize as effectively as broad leaves, but the year-round presence of needles allows the tree to continue photosynthesizing whenever sunlight is available during winter months. Since conifers don’t drop all their needles at once, they don’t need a big nutrient boost in the spring, which is a beneficial adaptation, as conifers typically inhabit areas with poor soils and less water than their deciduous cousins.16

14 Sheridan Lawn and Landscaping. List of Common Tree Names. Tree Names. http://www.treenames.net/index.html. February 2002. June 2014. 15 Earth Day Canada Forests: Types of Trees. EcoKids. http://www. ecokids.ca/pub/eco_info/topics/forests/types_of_trees.cfm. June 2014. 16 Nicole. Deciduous vs. Coniferous. The Roaming Naturalist. http:// theroamingnaturalist.com/2010/11/03/deciduous-vs-coniferous/. November 2013. June 2014.

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21

A notch in a tree will stay the same distance from the ground as the tree grows. Trees and the Ecosystem Trees are an essential part of the terrestrial ecosystem, providing habitat for diverse communities of plant, insect, and animal species. Trees stabilise the soil, prevent rapid run-off of rainwater, help prevent desertification, and help to regulate the climate by lowering temperatures, converting atmospheric carbon dioxide into oxygen, and reducing or removing air pollutants.17 For their oxygen-producing function, forests can be thought of as the lungs of the earth, but out of greed and short sightedness, forests are being razed at an alarming rate. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) estimates that about 13 million hectares (an area roughly the size of Greece) of forests are being razed each year and converted to other land uses, such as agriculture and urban residential or commercial development. Though reforestation efforts are underway in many parts of the world, reducing the net loss of total forest area to approximately 7.5 million hectares per year, this still means that we continue to lose about 200 square meters per day.18 The loss of forests has immediate detrimental consequences, including the loss of the diverse communities of organisms living in and among these trees19, and the loss of the climate regulating benefits.

17 Trimarchi M. How do trees affect the weather? Howstuffworks. http:// science.howstuffworks.com/nature/climate-weather/storms/trees-affectweather1.htm. July 2008. June 2014. 18 Achard F. Bennett J. Beyer D. et al. Vital Forest Graphics. UNEP, FAO, UNFF. http://www.grida.no/files/publications/vital_forest_graphics.pdf. 2009. June 2014. 19 Convention on Biological Diversity. Information. http://www.cbd. int. June 2014.

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BodyTalk for Plants

Terrestrial deforestation can have far-reaching negative effects on other ecosystems that one might not expect to be affected. As we know in BodyTalk, all systems on Earth are connected and affect one another, and this truth is confirmed by a 2013 study by The University of Western Australia's Oceans Institute which indicates that deforestation is having negative implications for Australia's Great Barrier Reef. The study indicates that "intense land use and past deforestation have transformed river catchments tremendously and are seen as a major threat to coral reefs in the Great Barrier Reef and elsewhere" and goes on to say that "preventing soil erosion and sediment pollution arising from human activities such as deforestation are crucial to reef survival”.20 It is shocking and sobering to realize that deforestation activities occurring on land 10 - 100 miles from the reef are threatening this aquatic wonder of the world and the diverse organisms that call it home. It is critically important that we as global citizens give thought to the importance of all aspects of our ecosystem, particularly trees, and recognize that the destruction of forests has short and long term effects that ripple further than we may be able to imagine. It is our responsibility to do whatever we can to nurture and advocate for trees, to reduce deforestation and participate in reforestation initiatives.21 As mentioned in the Morphogenic Fields section of the manual, trees are an essential part of any healthy garden, and are critical for a healthy planet, so for the good of your garden and the Earth, get out there and plant a tree!

20 University of Western Australia. Human deforestation outweighs climate change for coral reefs. Science Daily. http://www.sciencedaily. com/releases/2013/06/130605071714.htm. June 2013. June 2014. 21 Convention on Biological Diversity. Celebrate the Green Wave. http:// greenwave.cbd.int/en/home. June 2014.

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Satori13. Beech Forest. iStock. Thinkstock. Getty Images. 121283443.

The Morphogenic Field (Matrix)

BodyTalk for Plants Experience I live in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado. I LOVE to hike and have developed a relationship with our trees – especially the trees on our mountain. Bear Mountain - as “my” mountain is called - is made up of lodgepole pines, Ponderosa pines and Douglas firs and spruces. The pine beetle has taken a toll on many of the trees in several counties around mine - to the point of deforesting whole mountains. And while “my” mountain hasn't been deforested, the pine beetle has left its mark. The trees show signs of stress from droughts and heat which weaken the trees resistance to beetles. The “Doug” firs are prone to Spruce Budworms when they are stressed. It’s a worm that eats all the new growth, morphs into a moth that flies to another host. Sounds similar to the parasites in BodyEcology, doesn't it? Since I learned BodyTalk I have been doing sessions on “my” trees. Most of the sessions centered on circulation and energy that I would see “running” underground, as I remember. Homeowners on Bear Mountain have sprayed for the Budworm every six years or so. (They say it is the only tree where spraying has been effective. All the money spent on stopping the pine beetle was ineffective.) As understanding about chemicals has risen there are more of us that oppose this approach. But in 2013 the sprayers had the votes and they sprayed.

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Just before the spraying, I had been “conversing” with the trees and telling them it would happen. Their reply was, “we know”. I asked if I could do a session on them and they agreed. I was expecting one or two trees to show up in my MindScape Workshop, but I was surprised to see a whole bunch of the trees came in. I was a bit overwhelmed. Although I don’t remember the links of the session, I remember the theme was, “Father Knows Best”. At the end of the session, they asked if they could do a session on me! Again I was surprised, but grateful. Later as I was continuing my walk around the mountain I was struck by the theme. I couldn’t just “blame” the homeowners who were in favor of spraying because I realized I too had been guilty of “knowing best”. Until recently I hadn’t known to ask if a tree needed to be cut down, or if it was ok to take it down to make our house more “fire proof ”. I too had acted like I knew best and owned everything. The trees are my cathedral. I go to them when I need to be grounded, supported, or to just be in their presence. We don’t do as many sessions on each other anymore. It’s more like I enter their consciousness and we are one. From that point of view - everything is different. Joyce Petersen Certified MindScape Instructor Certified Advanced BodyTalk Practitioner Golden Colorado

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BodyTalk for Plants

Plant Communication

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Plant Communication

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The evidence for plant communication is only a few decades old but it is now taking a quantum leap in the plant kingdom. In the past, most botanists balked at the idea that plants communicate with one another, now it is becoming increasingly clear that plants may even communicate better than humans. Plants can communicate in several different ways, some of which include airborne chemicals, soluble compounds exchanged by root systems, networks of fungi, and possibly more. Here we are going to cover a few different ways that plants communicate. Plant perception is the ability of plants to sense the environment and adjust their morphology, physiology, and phenotype accordingly. In 1983, two studies22 were published that showed that willow trees, poplars, and sugar maples can warn each other about insect attacks. When a plant is under attack, it does not sit quietly and take the hit. Plants emit chemicals that carry an odor, so that neighboring plants get the signal. It is like a silent scream. These chemicals are referred to as VOC’s (volatile organic compounds) and are a defense mechanism of plants that is covered in more detail later under plant wounds. For now, the take-away message is that these chemicals seem to alert neighboring plants that are, in some cases, noxious to invaders to ward them off, and/or attract insects that gobble up the invaders. Studies show that generally the damage to the first invaded plant is extensive however neighboring plants seem to stay relatively pest resistant.23

22 McGowan K. How Plants Secretly Talk to Each Other. Wired. http:// www.wired.com/2013/12/secret-language-of-plants/. December 2013. June 2014. 23 Krulwich R. Plants Talk. Plants Listen. Here’s How. NPR. http://www.npr.org/blogs/krulwich/2014/04/29/307981803/plantstalk-plants-listen-here-s-how?utm_source=facebook.com&utm_ medium=social&utm_campaign=npr&utm_term=nprnews&utm_ content=20140428. April 2014. June 2014.

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Dominic Thierry Anderson McCann. Tree Roots. istock. Thinkstock. Getty Images. 147014778.

As mentioned earlier, plants also communicate through their root system. In a study24 done at the University of Aberdeen, researchers found that plants used fungal symbionts to send warnings to their neighbors when attacked by aphids. Researchers claim there was a striking difference between plants that used this intricate fungal network (called the rhizosphere) compared to those that did not. The theory is that communication occurs in two ways through this system: one is based on the circulation of compounds and the other is through the labyrinth of hair-like fungal filaments (similar to fiber optic cables). According to marine biologist and evolutionary ecologist researcher, Monica Gagliano PhD, it seems there is even the possibility that plants communicate with each other using sound. She states that: “We’ve shown that plants can recognize when they’re growing next to a “bad neighbor” and change their growth behavior accordingly, even when we remove all the channels of communication we know about. We also have some evidence that there is an emission (of sound) and a response of some sort. We are not ruling out other possibilities, of course, but we think this other channel of communication might be acoustic.”25 24 Cossins D. Plant Talk. The Scientist. http://www.the-scientist. com/?articles.view/articleNo/38727/title/Plant-Talk/. January 2014. June 2014. 25 Cossins D. Plant Talk. The Scientist. http://www.the-scientist. com/?articles.view/articleNo/38727/title/Plant-Talk/. January 2014. June 2014.

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BodyTalk for Plants

Neurobiologists have discovered that plants also have rudimentary neural nets and the capacity for primary perceptions. A great example of this is the sundew plant that will grasp at a fly with better spatial acuity than Mr. Miyagi from the Karate Kid movie. Some plants even know when ants are coming towards them to steal their nectar and have mechanisms to close up when they approach.26 We will cover this in more detail later when we cover plant “senses”. What is even more fascinating, it seems that many of these signals appear to be a universal language. The sage bush talks to the tobacco plant, the lima beans converse with the cucumber, the corn plants chat up the parasitic wasps, and the story goes on and on. Who knew plants were such social butterflies? This ground-breaking view on plant communication points to a few interesting conclusions: the plant kingdom is very intricately connected within its own ecosystem and morphogenic fields AND the lines become very blurry between the plant and animal worlds. It is well known in conventional and alternative medicine that stress is easily the main precursor to any disease process. The poor handling of stress creates changes in the physiology of the body, which has profound effects on the microbiome and immune system. The microbiome is considered the ecological community of commensal, mutualistic, and pathogenic microbes that live on and within us and are vital to our health.

26 Lanza R. Can a Tree Consciously Experience the World? Huffpost. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/robert-lanza/plantsconsciousness_b_842090.html. April 2011. June 2014.

Notes

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Design Pics. Wolf puppy sniffing yellow flower. iSotck. Thinkstock. Getty Images. 77891423.

Plants and Stress

Plants and Stress

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BodyTalk for Plants

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In plants, the stress factors are easier to recognize, as plants cannot hide their high stress levels behind the façade of belief systems and coping mechanisms that humans utilize. Stressed plants will undergo physiological change, epigenetic change, and self-destruction. A stressed plant will attract insect violation and will cause significant changes in its microbiome. It is also important to note that as stress goes up, cooperation begins to drop. Therefore, when trying to understand what is happening with a sick plant, garden, or crop we are really trying to understand what factors in the environment are causing the stress.

Types of Stress Here are some situations where plants may experience general stress (conflict) related to the maintenance of the local functional matrix.

1. Conflict between the natural matrix holder and the

garden owner: This is a very common form of stress, which has to do with the owner’s basic attitude towards the garden. The owner may resent having to tend to the garden even in basic tasks such as mowing the lawn, watering, basic weeding, and maintaining a tidy yard.

2. To be healthy, a localized garden needs attention and

care. This garden is a different situation than a forest. Essentially, a forest is its own master and can exist happily without human intervention, although some forests do interact harmoniously with the indigenous inhabitants who respect and understand the nature of the forest.

3. Conflict in transition from one matrix holder to

another: There are occasions when the matrix holder becomes diseased or badly damaged. This can instigate the need for a transfer of authority to another tree in the localized morphogenic field. Conflict can occur when more than one tree competes for the job.

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4. A similar conflict can occur after the death of the matrix holder. The death would have to be sudden and would usually involve death by human such as chopping it down. In this case there could be competition for the job between the main significant trees in the area.

5. There will be occasions when a healthy younger tree

will want to take over from an older tree for various reasons. This could create quite a lot of conflict and will sometimes need to be resolved by the owner of the garden.

Localized Stress from the Environment 1. In most cases the stress is chemical coming from human-

generated pollution, chemicals in sprays, pollutants in the soil, and pollutants in the water such as antibiotics and hormones.

2. Stress from an overabundance of animals destroying

them even though they are not the natural food for the animal, e.g. insect plagues or an over-abundance of pest herbivores such as rabbits.

3. Stress from abuse from such events as children using the plant as a target for their sword games, or people putting an axe in a tree as storage for the axe.

4. Stress from extreme weather or climatic conditions

such as prolonged drought, unseasonal rainfall, excess humidity, high winds, heavy snowfall, etc.

Plants and Stress

5. Finally, a very important stress producer - being planted

in the wrong position in the garden. Plants and trees need to be planted in positions that strengthen the morphogenic field rather than disrupt it. Think of when you are sitting down to eat dinner. Let’s say you have a mother, father, a baby, and a toddler. It would not make sense to have the baby off at the end of the table by herself while the rest of the family is packed on the opposite side of the table since she needs help eating. Plus the other three at the table need enough space for them to eat. Naturally, there is a seating arrangement that would work best for all people involved in eating dinner together. Plants are the same in that some plants work well together and could be planted close to each other to optimize growth, some need more space for roots, some need more sun, etc. So when planting a plant or garden, the position is an important consideration. Later, we cover how this is done.

BodyTalk for Plants Experience In this case, the 30-year-old palm tree (on the left) was the matrix holder of our garden. The young tree in the photo on the right was influenced by an event. The members of the IBA gave us, Esther and I, a large stone Buddha and it had great significance for us. We placed it under this tree and built a pathway to it. We also performed a ceremony to welcome it to the garden. It appears that the tree it was placed under ‘decided’ it was the most important in the garden. A month or so later we were walking in the garden and noticed that all the bushes in the garden were drooping badly. The garden looked quite unhealthy as though it was starving for water.

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We discovered, using BodyTalk for Plants that this young tree was making a bid to become the matrix holder! I consulted the old palm tree and was assured that he was happy to ‘retire.’ We then gave permission for the transfer of power to the younger tree and tapped them both out. The next day, our garden was back to normal and seemed to thrive more than usual over the next few months. John Veltheim Founder of the BodyTalk System Co-Founder of the IBA

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BodyTalk for Plants

Doing BodyTalk on Plants

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Doing BodyTalk on Plants

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The Scope of Your Sessions This section contains applications from all of the core BodyTalk courses including Fundamentals, Principles of Consciousness, Bio-Dynamics, Macrocosmic Bodymind, Matrix Dynamics, and the Advanced BodyTalk Procedures. For those who have completed all of these courses, you will be able to utilize all of the applications presented in this course. For those of you who are just beginning your BodyTalk journey and have completed one or some of these courses, you will only effectively be able to utilize the concepts and techniques from those courses you have taken.

Levit K, Design Pics. A girl in the garden at the Willka T’ika guesthouse. iSotck. Thinkstock. Getty Images. 163651071.

This section covers the practical application of BodyTalk on plants. Many of the existing BodyTalk concepts and techniques are suitable as balancing tools when it comes to working with plants, however, the key difference will be your focus and understanding of what you are doing. Further, on a conceptual level, it is ideal if you understand the difference between doing a session on plants versus a session on humans. Although some of the concepts and techniques transfer over nicely, there are key differences that need to be considered and understood to be effective with your sessions. There are also some additional techniques that will be new to you because they are specific to BodyTalk for Plants. Before we get into the various balancing techniques and concepts, there are some things you should know.

Notes

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Having said that, a few selected applications from the BodyTalk advanced courses are introduced in such a way as to be applied by all BodyTalk for Plants students, including those of you who have not taken the Advanced Courses. This is because the concepts and techniques presented within those advanced courses are essential in order to understand how to work with plants effectively. However, it is not in the scope of this course to teach the theory and application from all of the core courses and you are advised to follow through to the advanced courses in a seemly manner. As you add a new course to your repertoire you can effectively use that knowledge and those techniques on plants, with some slight variations and different focus. The key is though, that with just the knowledge and understanding from BodyTalk Fundamentals, you will still be able to facilitate effective BodyTalk sessions on plants, trees, gardens, and crops.

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Implementing the Techniques As we apply our knowledge of BodyTalk to plants, it must be noted that many of the techniques from Fundamentals and other courses cannot be physically implemented on plants in the same manner as we would on our human clients. Plants simply do not have the same structures and capabilities as people. Your understanding of the techniques combined with your ability to focus, will be important to be effective in your sessions. When the time comes to tap out your formula, you will be relying on focus and understanding, rather than hand positions per se because it is impossible to get the plant into the proper hand position to tap out. The Active Memory tap out procedure is a good example of this. It will not be possible to replicate the proper hand position on the plant. You will be left to relying on your understanding of what you are doing and the focus of each technique in order to effectively facilitate a shift.

Assessment Just as we assess our human clients we need to also be assessing our green clients. Remember that we are working with structured intuition so the more clear you are about the plant and its parts, the more structure you have and hence the easier it is for you to allow your intuition to flow through. There are a few simple steps you can follow:

1. Identification: What type of plant is this? When

assessing your plant client it is worth taking the time to identify the type of plant you are treating. Are you working with a shrub or a tree? Is the tree deciduous or an evergreen conifer? Is it a flowering plant species? Can you identify its basic structures such as the root system, stems and leaves, and identify its reproductive parts?

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2. What is the environment of the plant or plants?

Look around to help give you some context as to the environment of this plant. Is it in the kitchen window in a house, in a planter by a front door, a flower garden, a veggie garden, a community garden, a neighborhood park, a rural acreage, a crop, prairie field, swamp, wetland, meadow, forest, jungle, desert, etc.? Are there parts of this environment that might be adding stress, e.g. soil, shade, sun, animals, people, moisture, etc.? Keep in mind this is not for the purpose of diagnosing or making any judgments as to what might be going on with the plant but to give you some context. Look around, take in the environment, observe the surroundings and then let it go.

3. What cycle is the plant in? For example, plants and trees that go dormant in winter should not be treated unless it is an emergency such as injury from a storm.

Yes/No Response Self-Checking Using the Yes/No checking on yourself as a means of connecting with innate wisdom, is a valid and efficient way to work with plants. There are a variety of ways to check on yourself. Some include:

• ‘Ring’ fingers: in this method make a circle (ring) with

your index finger and thumb by touching the tips together. Using the index finger of the other hand, insert it into the ring. A ‘Yes’ is indicated when the index finger is able to ‘break open’ the ring (a weakness) whereas a ‘No’ is indicated by an inability to break through the ring (a strong response) by the index finger.

Doing BodyTalk on Plants

• In some cases you can use a small tree branch as a focusing tool. The branch will bend a bit for a ‘Yes’ and stay solid for a ‘No’.

• Finger over finger: in this method place your middle finger over your index finger. The finger on top will push down and the finger on the bottom will resist the pressure. A ‘Yes’ is indicated by the bottom finger moving down, bending or weakness whereas a ‘No’ is indicated by a strong, stiff bottom finger.

Choose the method that you find easiest to work with.

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With plants we tend to find the auditory subtle sense of thoughts is the easiest to do. In this case it will often sound like the tree or plant is actually talking to you. In a sense – it is. The tree cannot speak, but it will communicate simple concepts that your intuition will interpret in the spoken language. It is amazing how much can be communicated such as past trauma still affecting its health or guidance as to which part of the Protocol you should be using.

Tapping

Using a Surrogate

The tapping procedure used in BodyTalk for Plants is to tap on the stem to facilitate the change and on the ground/soil next to the plant (focusing on the roots) to store the change.

Using a surrogate is also an effective way to work on plants with BodyTalk. This involves using another person’s arm to do the checking. If possible, have the surrogate touch the tree or plant you are doing a session on.

The Matrix Holder

Focus is Key The key to using any of these methods for the Yes/No response is the practitioner’s focus. Remember that they are all just a prop to allow your left brain to perform its function and bring information to the attention of the right brain. The practitioner should still be directing all attention to the plant when moving through the protocol.

Intuition With normal human BodyTalk, as we gain experience, the intuition increases to the point where very little checking for Yes/No answers needs to be done. When in the zone, the intuitive heartbrain process will communicate with our brain using the subtle senses, e.g. the subtle sense of sound is thoughts, the subtle sense of sight is visualization.

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The following section requires you to have a basic understanding about how to find the matrix holder of the plant matrix in order to effectively utilize the techniques presented. Generally, your intuition will usually guide you to the matrix holder. It will usually be the strongest and healthiest tree in the garden, forest, crop, etc. and will have a strong energy presence that will draw you to it. You can then confirm your selection by asking with your yes/no response. Otherwise, you will have to start asking about individual trees (or aspects of that matrix) until you find the matrix holder. Sometimes, there will be no trees in the garden or surrounding area. In this case, you can ask about any significant plants in the area, until you find the matrix holder. As mentioned, knowing how to find the plant matrix holder will be a necessary part of some of the following techniques. In the Matrix section, covered later, we will be presenting a few different balancing options for the times when there are issues with the matrix holder and/ or the matrix itself.

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BodyTalk for Plants

Plant Protocol

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Plant Protocol

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Basic BodyTalk for Plants Protocol Permissions Pre-Set Links Fire Earth Metal Water Wood Touch Taste Smell Hearing Sight

SECTION 1

Five Elements Five Senses Consciousness

Photosynthesis Respiration Digestion Assimilation Waste Disposal

Natural Pathological (plant’s functions) Seasonal Rotations Integration within Morgenic Field

E.G.B. Plant Parts

Transpiration Translocation Root Pressure

Growth Metabolism Transportation (Circulation) Movement Reproduction Communication Temperature Regulation

Phototropisml Geotropism Thigmotropism

Sexual Asexual Pollination Seed Development Adaptation Mutation

Roots (rhizosphere) to Soil Soil to Roots (rhizosphere)

Plant Processes

General Specific

Hydration Scars Wounds Interference Grafting Point

Cells Tissues Vegetative Organs Reproductive Organs Soil Microbiome

Roots Stems Leaves Spores Cones Flowers

Energies

Environment

General Environment Vivaxis Wei Qi Life Cycles

Herbaceous Woody

Axil Axillary Bud Node Internode Leap Epidermis Cuticle Stomata Leaf Hairs Bud Penduncle Receptacle Sepals Petals Perianth Stamen Carpels Gynoecium

SECTION 2

Time, Events, Humans, Animals, Insects, Place, Plants, Objects, Activity, Soil

Primary Root Root Tip Root Cap Taparoot Fibrous Root Lateral Roots Epidermis Root Hairs Rhizosphere Bulk Soil

SECTION 3

Matrixes

Establishing the Matrix Holder Balancing the Matrix

Environmental Vivaxis Plant Vivaxis Sun Earth Moon

Virus Bacteria Parasite Fungus

Non-mineral nutrients Macronutrients Micronutrients

SECTION 4

Microbes Toxins Nutrients

Plant Chemistry Active Memory Cellular Repair Circulation

Beliefs Events Fears

Lifetime periods Past Relationships Specific Events

Xylem Sap (from the roots to leaves) Phloem Sap (from the leaves to other parts) Plant Parts

International BodyTalk Association 2750 Stickney Point Rd, Suite 203 Sarasota, FL 34231, USA USA: 1.877.519.9119 International: +1.941.921.7443 www.bodytalksystem.com © Copyright 2014, IBA

Other Modalities

Spreading

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Bud Nodes & Internodes Intercalary Meristem Epidermis Cuticle Stomata Stem Hairs Bud Scales Sapwood Heartwood Cork Bark

BodyTalk for Plants

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Permissions Permissions is equally as important for plants as it is for humans. The same steps are followed. If Permissions is a priority, determine if it is practitioner or client. If the priority is the practitioner, follow the standard technique. However, if client permission is a priority for a plant, it generally means that you cannot proceed with a session. Plant consciousness is different from human consciousness. Plant consciousness is intimately connected to the whole or what is referred to as universal consciousness. Unlike humans, plants do not generally buy into the misperception that they will get more attention when they are sick or that they need an excuse to avoid their potential. This removes the requirement of balancing out the perceived benefit of not functioning optimally.

BodyTalk for Plants Experience I did BodyTalk on my garden and focused my attention on my sunflowers. My garden was absolutely amazing but my sunflowers were the MOST amazing. They grew to be over 14 ½ ft (4.5 mts) tall. My mom had used the same seeds in her garden and hers barely reached 8 ft (2.4 mts). Chantelle Rodgers Certified BodyTalk Practitioner Certified MindScape Instructor Prince Albert, Canada

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If “client” Permissions is a “Yes” then there is a reason the plant does not want/need a session, at least for the time being. An example could be a plant that has not fully emerged from winter hibernation. It could also mean that the main issue of the client plant is contained in the local morphogenic field and it may be necessary to find the plant that is disturbing the whole field. That plant may need to be balanced or removed. Use the Yes/No response to determine if this is the case.

Plant Protocol

Example 1 Are Permissions a priority? Yes Details a priority? Yes Practitioner Permissions a priority? Yes More Specific a priority? No This indicates that you are not in the right frame of mind to proceed with the session. Center yourself and gain presence. Are practitioner Permissions still a priority? No Are Permissions a priority? No Proceed with the session.

Example 2 Are Permissions a priority? Yes Details a priority? Yes Practitioner Permissions a priority? No Client Permissions a priority? Yes This indicates the plant does not want or need a session at this time. Check to see if there is a priority for a different client which may be affecting this plant.

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Pre-Set Formulas There are two pre-set formulas that are the equivalent to balancing cortices on a human. These formulas are: roots to soil (rhizosphere), and soil (rhizosphere) to roots. Balancing these two formulas will help to reduce stress in the plant. Stress is a major cause of disease in plants as it can alter the DNA and generally causes the plant to shut down. Increased levels of stress decrease the level of cooperation which is a major factor in plant health.

Roots to Soil (Rhizosphere) / Soil (Rhizosphere) to Roots In this balancing, the soil is referring to the rhizosphere, which is the narrow region of soil immediately surrounding and enclosed by the root system, which contains all the nutrients, microscopic bugs, insects, fungi etc. that comprise the soil biome. The organisms living in the rhizosphere and the roots of the plant support each other through the exchange of nutrients in a mutualistic symbiotic relationship. Therefore, a healthy rhizosphere is integral to the health and vitality of the plant. The rhizosphere is the microbiome of the plant and is intricately intertwined with the health of the soil. The focus of these pre-set formulas is to either restore communication from the roots to the soil or from the soil to the roots.

Tapping For Pre-Set Formulas The tapping for this procedure is on the base of the tree or plant with the focus on the root system, and then on the ground next to the tree with the focus on the soil (rhizosphere) contained in the root system. The tapping order is determined by priority. Please note: this is a deviation from the standard tapping for plants which is tapping on the stem to facilitate the change and on the ground next to the plant (focusing on the roots) to store the change.

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BodyTalk for Plants

Example 3 (Assume you have asked through the protocol and arrived at Pre-Set Links.) Are Pre-Set Links a priority? Yes Is Roots to Soil a priority? Yes Further More Specific? No It is very unlikely that you will get Further More Specific as these are pre-set for a reason, but still ask to be consistent with the asking procedure. Further Details? No Is Link a priority? No Implementation? Yes Tap Out? Yes In this example you have the pre-set link “roots to soil” so you would tap the base of the plant to represent the roots and then the ground next to the plant to represent the soil (rhizosphere).

Five Elements The Five Elements describe the energic balance (or imbalance) and movement of energy within the bodymind and also within nature. For example, the movement through the expansion and contraction cycle of the Five Elements corresponds to a season that reflects the cyclical process of renewal, growth and dormancy, which is very pertinent to plants and trees. In fact, many of the Five Elements concordances can be applied to plants and utilized within a session to help restore balance. Obvious concordances include: • Quality of Movement • Movement • Progressive/Life Cycle • Season • Climate The Five Elements concepts and balancing techniques can be applied in the same way on plants as on humans. Here are a few balancing examples: You may be working on some young trees in the backyard because they do not seem to be flourishing like some of the other species of trees present. Within the session the priority is to balance the metal element (movement: towards the core) to the water element (movement: at the core) to help the trees move into the dormancy stage for the winter months. Another scenario is working on some flowers in a flower garden that have not bloomed as per their natural cycle. In this case the priority might be a link between the buds of the plant to the wood element (progressive/life cycle: birth/ growth). There are a variety of balancing options when it comes to the Five Elements concepts. Naturally you would just follow the asking procedure to find the priority element/concordance. Use one finger to represent an element as a focusing tool when you tap out the formula.

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Plant Protocol

5 Elements

Fire

Earth

Metal

Water

39

Wood

Color

Red

Yellow

White

Blue (Black)

Green

Quality of Movement

Maximum Expansion

Stillness

Contraction

Maximum Contraction

Expansion

Movement

On the Surface

Balance

Towards the Core

At the Core

Towards the Surface

Progressive/Life Cycle

Growth / Life

Change / Peace

Aging / Decline

Death / Germination

Birth / Growth

Season

Summer

Late Summer

Autumn

Winter

Spring

Climate

Heat

Dampness

Dryness

Cold

Wind

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BodyTalk for Plants

Example 4 (Assume you have asked through the Protocol and arrived at Five Elements.) Are Five Elements a priority? Yes Details a priority? Yes More Specific a priority? Yes Fire? No Earth? No Metal? Yes Further More Specific? Yes Sub Element? No Concordance? Yes Further More Specific? Yes Work through the list until you receive a Yes response. Quality of Movement? Yes The Quality of Movement of the Metal Element is Contraction. Further More Specific? No Further Details? No Link? Yes Link to Five Elements a Priority? Yes Details? Yes

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More Specific? Yes Fire? No Earth? No Metal? No Water? No Wood? Yes Further More Specific? Yes Sub Element? No Concordance? Yes Further More Specific? Yes Work through list. Quality of Movement? Yes The Quality of Movement of the Wood Element is Expansion Further More Specific? No Further Details? No Link? No Implementation? Yes Tap Out? Yes In this example the Metal Element (contraction) is linked to the Wood Element (expansion).

Plant Protocol

“And forget not that the earth delights to feel your bare feet and the winds long to play with your hair.” – Khalil Gibran, The Prophet

Five Senses Being in nature is one of the ways in which humans can have extremely powerful sensual experiences. But have you ever wondered what a rose smells, or what the grass under your feet feels, or what the hundred-year-old tree sees? Although plants lack eyes, ears, a mouth, a nose, and skin, they still seem to perceive and respond to the world around them.

What do they Feel? Plants live in a very tactile world. The Venus flytrap is an excellent example of just how tactile plants are. When a fly, beetle or other insect crawls across the leaves of the Venus flytrap, its leaves snap together with surprising force. How does it know when to do this? It feels its prey touching large hairs on the two lobes of the trap. What is interesting about this is that it does not snap shut with any stimulation - it requires that two hair touches must occur within about 20 seconds of each other. This mechanism is strikingly similar to the way we humans feel a fly crawling on our arm. Most plants feel a mechanical stimulus in this way. At the level of the individual cells, plants and animals use similar proteins to feel things. When they are stimulated by mechanical pressure or distortions, the cells allow charged ions to cross the membrane; this will generate a current and allow for a response. This sensitivity to touch allows them to respond to their changing environments.27 27 Chamovitz D. Plants Exhibit The Same Senses As Humans. The Mind Unleashed. http://themindunleashed.org/2013/11/plants-exhibit-samesenses-as-humans.html. November 2013. June 2014.

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41

The plants that seem to have the most developed sense of touch are climbing plants. Their tendrils are highly adapted organs used to support them as they grow. What is interesting is that when viewed on normal speed the tendrils appear to move slowly round an oval pathway. However, on a speeded-up time-lapse the effect looks startlingly like a blind creature feeling its way. There is a sense of orientation to these searching movements. The pea plant for example, uses an elliptical searching motion and can even tell when it has come into contact with a solid support.28

What do they Taste? Current research29 indicates that much of a plant’s sense of taste is in its roots. When a row of plants was subjected to drought conditions, it took just one hour for the message to travel to plants that were five rows away, causing them to prepare for the lack of water. The signal must have been passed from root to root in the form of a soluble molecule. Other plants that were just as close but did not connect by way of their roots failed to react to the signal. Another example is a volatile chemical called methyl jasmonate. Although this is a gas, it is not very active in plants. Instead it gets converted into the water-soluble jasmonic acid. This attaches to specific receptors in the cells and triggers the defense response of the leaf. This is similar to the different taste receptors of our tongue.30

28 Ford BJ. How Animal and Plants feel and Communicate. Brian J. Ford. http://www.brianjford.com/soulsa.htm. 1999. June 2014. 29 Chamovitz D. Plants Exhibit The Same Senses As Humans. The Mind Unleashed. http://themindunleashed.org/2013/11/plants-exhibit-samesenses-as-humans.html. November 2013. June 2014. 30 Chamovitz D. Plants Exhibit The Same Senses As Humans. The Mind Unleashed. http://themindunleashed.org/2013/11/plants-exhibit-samesenses-as-humans.html. November 2013. June 2014.

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BodyTalk for Plants

What do they Smell? The Dodder plant (a parasitic vine) contains almost no chlorophyll (the pigment that most plants use to make food) so to eat it must suck the sap from other plants. To detect suitable target plants it uses olfaction. Although this particular plant is exceptionally sensitive to odors, all plants have a sense of smell in the form of receptors that respond to volatile chemicals. It is well known that treating unripe fruit with ethylene gas induces the fruit to ripen. This was established in the 1920s and is a widely used technique by agriculturists. Since then, it has become apparent that all ripening fruits emit ethylene, which when smelt by neighboring fruit, initiates ripening.31

What do they Hear? Although much of the research in this area is brand new, botanists are starting to present rationale as to why the perception of sound and vibration is likely to have evolved in plants. In a recent study, results showed that corn roots grow towards specific frequencies of vibrations AND that roots themselves may also be emitting sound waves. As mentioned earlier, according to a researcher named Gagliano, it seems there is even the possibility that plants communicate with each other using sound. (See Plant Communication Section.)

What do they See? The ability to detect light (see) exists even in seeds; many plant seeds require sunlight to germinate.

31 Chamovitz D. Plants Exhibit The Same Senses As Humans. The Mind Unleashed. http://themindunleashed.org/2013/11/plants-exhibit-samesenses-as-humans.html. November 2013. June 2014.

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Plants have light sensitive chemicals that do not take part in photosynthesis. One of these includes a chemical called phytochrome, which is a light-activated switch. It has the ability to detect between red light and far-red light. This allows it to be able to “turn off ” at the end of the day (because far-red light predominates at the end of the day) and “wake-up” the next day (when the sun is high enough for the red light to switch on). It also allows them to sense when they are in the shade because when this occurs they get much more far-red light than red light meaning that phytochromes are switched on causing the plant to grow more rapidly in attempt to get better exposure to the sun.32 So it seems that the plants various “senses” are vital to their growth and survival and are hence a common priority when doing BodyTalk for Plants.

The Five Senses Technique There are a couple of ways in which this technique can be used. For those that have not taken Principles of Consciousness (Module 3), the Five Senses for plants will simply become an item that will link to other parts of the protocol chart. This will help balance the ability of the plant to respond to its environment in an effective way. For those of you that have taken Principles of Consciousness, there may be situations in which plants are tied into a human, family matrix and/or influenced by human behaviors. In this case you may use the Principles of Consciousness balancing procedure for the Five Senses to help release accumulated beliefs that are distorting the ability of the plant’s senses to operate naturally. It seems they have definite memories of specific people or events. For example, if someone abuses a plant, it will show significant stress whenever that person comes near even if the person has been away for months. This concept is covered in more detail in the Active Memory section. 32 Chamovitz D. Plants Exhibit The Same Senses As Humans. The Mind Unleashed. http://themindunleashed.org/2013/11/plants-exhibit-samesenses-as-humans.html. November 2013. June 2014.

Plant Protocol

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Example 5 (Assume you have asked through the Protocol and arrived at Five Senses.) Are Five Senses a priority? Yes Details? Yes More Specific? Yes Touch? No Taste? No Smell? Yes Further More Specific? No Further Details? Yes Orientation? Yes Time? No Person? No Place? No Object? No Activity? Yes Ripening? Yes Further on ripening? No Further Orientation? No Further Details? No Link? Yes Notes

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Link to the Five Senses a priority? No Forward on the chart? Yes EGBs? No Plant Parts? Yes Details? Yes More Specific? Yes Cells? No Tissues? No Vegetative Organs? No Reproductive Organs? Yes Further More Specific? Yes Fruit? Yes Further More Specific? No Further Details? No Link? No Implementation? Yes Tap Out? Yes In this example you have the sense of smell oriented to ‘ripening’ linked to the fruit. The above example relate to the use of the Five Senses with simple plant parts to help balance the ability of the plant to respond to its environment in a more effective way.

BodyTalk for Plants

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Consciousness In this part of the course we will utilize a simplified application of the consciousness concepts from Principles of Consciousness (Module 3):

• Natural consciousness of the plant. • Consciousness of integration with the morphogenic field it belongs to.

• Consciousness of any of the Plant’s Parts or Processes (bearing fruit, flowering, germination, waste removal, etc.).

• Consciousness of the seasonal rotations. The balancing procedure is the same on plants as it is taught in the Principles of Consciousness course.

EGB Hydration When balancing the hydration of plants and trees it is important to consider both water and sap. The concept is the same on plants as it is on humans. Plants cannot survive without adequate water utilization. The various functions of water in plants include:

• Maintaining cell turgidity for structure and growth. • Transporting nutrients and organic compounds. • Serving as raw material for various chemical processes (photosynthesis, transpiration, temperature regulation).

Sap includes other nutritional and functional aspects (covered later under circulation) but it is also an important supplier and keeper of water hence its important role in hydration. Notes

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Vaclav Volrab. Dew Drops. iSotck. Thinkstock. Getty Images. 170630385.

When hydration comes up as a priority the concept is the same here as it is in BodyTalk Fundamentals in that we are focusing on the plant’s ability to utilize water effectively. There are two options when it comes up to be balanced (just as in Fundamentals): general hydration (the whole plant) or specific hydration (a part of the plant). It will also be common to link the hydration balancing to sap (as an item) if you are working with a tree. To tap out the formula focus on the effective and efficient utilization of water (either generally for the whole plant or for a specific part of the plant depending on the priority), while you tap the stem and the soil. If you get specific hydration of a part of the plant, touch or focus on that part of the plant while tapping out.

Plant Protocol

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Example 6 (Assume you have asked through the Protocol and arrived at Hydration.) Is Hydration a priority? Yes Further More Specific? No Further Details? No Link? Yes Link to Hydration a priority? No Link to EGB a priority? No Forward on the chart a priority? No Backward? Yes Five Senses? No Five Elements? Yes Details? Yes More Specific? Yes Fire? No

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Earth? Yes Further More Specific? Yes Sub Element? No Concordance? Yes Further More Specific? Yes Work through the list until you receive a Yes. Climate: Yes The climate for the Earth element is dampness. Further More Specific? No Further Details? No Link? No Implementation? Yes Tap Out? Yes In this example you have general hydration linked to the climate (dampness) of the Earth element.

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BodyTalk for Plants

Example 7 (Assume you have asked through the Protocol and arrived at Hydration.) Is Hydration a priority? Yes Further More Specific? Yes Now find the specific part of the plant that needs the hydration balancing using the Plant Parts or Plant Processes bubbles. Plant Parts a priority? Yes Further More Specific? Yes Cells? No Tissues? No Vegetative Organs? Yes

TongRo Images. 0. TongRo Images. Thinkstock. Getty Images. 87157264.

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Further More Specific? Yes Leaves? No Stem? Yes Further More Specific? No Further Details? No Link? No Implementation? Yes Tap Out? Yes In this example you have specific hydration of the stem.

Plant Protocol

47

Scars Scars in plants and trees are different than they are in humans. Scars in plants refer to the natural process of dropping leaves as the fall/autumn sets in whereas wounds are the physical damage that occurs from an attack (animal, insect, etc.), from human activities (pruning, tearing leaves, etc.), and/ or bad weather. When deciduous plants (plants that drop their leaves in the fall/autumn) are ready to shed their leaves, a zone of cells across the petiole (the stalk of the leaf ) becomes softened until the leaf falls. A healing layer then forms on the stem and closes the wound, leaving the scar. So a scar on a plant or tree is the mark left on a twig after a leaf falls, which is a result of a natural process. This is referred to as a leaf scar. The function of this scar process is to prevent the entry of bacteria and fungi. Immature leaf scar tissue that is exposed as the leaves fall can be problematic and enhance the possibility of infection.33 It seems that the general consensus is that once infection takes hold within a plant, that it is very hard to treat, hence prevention of infection is of primary concern. Since it seems that leaf scars are an entry point for pathogens, it has become common practice to use sprays, etc. to counter the possibility of infections.

When “leaf scars” becomes a priority the focus during implementation of the technique is to close up the leaf scar in a timely and effective manner to avoid pathogen entry. Since leaf scars are a natural process in plants, common links may focus on restoring the natural timing of this occurrence. An example might be a link to the Five Elements – progressive/life cycle.

Example 8 (Assume you have asked through the Protocol and arrived at Scars.) Scars a priority? Yes Further More Specific? Yes Now determine which specific leaf scar you are working on. Keep in mind you may be working with all the leaves on a particular branch, etc. Leaves on the bottom branch a priority? Yes Further More Specific? No Further Details? No Link? No Implementation? Yes Tap out? Yes In this example you have the leaf scars on the bottom branch of the plant.

Altocumulus. Last Leaf. iStock. Thinkstock. Getty Images. 185146602.

33 Hortwatch. Post-harvest Orchard Disease Management. Hortwatch. AGFirst. http://www.hortwatch.com/library/post-harvest-disease.html. June 2014.

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48

BodyTalk for Plants

Wounds Since plants are anchored to the ground through the root system they are unable to escape injuries caused by microorganisms, chewing insects or large herbivores. Most plants have adapted protective tissues and structures such as the epidermis cuticle, hard woody bark, thorns, badtasting resins etc. that serve to restrict pest access to the more nutritious parts of the plant. This means that they are relatively safe from invaders even if they are present on the surface of the plant. However, if there is a break or wound in the surface of the plant then the organism or insect can gain entry into the tissue and wreak havoc. Once injury occurs, plants are designed in such a way that they are capable of making each cell competent in the activation of the healing process and defense response (which is different to humans).34 Sergunt. Beavers have recently nibbled trees. iSotck. Thinkstock. Getty Images. 495470537.

It should be noted that a very common mantra in the plant world is that “plants seal, not heal”. This is particularly controversial when talking about woody trees and shrubs in relation to grafts and non-woody plants. The jury is still out on this but the lack of understanding of the difference in “healing” mechanisms between plants and humans results in plant care decisions that are not necessarily in the best interest of the plant. Regardless of the accuracy of this popular mantra, it seems that the “healing” mechanism for plants is in part to seal the wound as well as to “work around the wound” as it heals. Tree resins play an important function in trees by rapidly sealing over wounds. The resins will help prevent the invasion of insects and fungal agents.

34 Leon J. Rojo E. Sanchez-Serrano J. Wound Signaling in Plants. Journal of Experimental Botany. http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/content/52/354/1. full. September 2000. June 2014.

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In a recent study35, scientists discovered that an auxin gradient (auxin is a plant hormone responsible for cell growth and development) develops around the wound. This gradient triggers the reorientation of wood-forming cells allowing water and nutrient-conducting tubes of newly formed wood to divert around the wound. Either way, understanding the wound response can be a useful concept when doing a BodyTalk session. In a nutshell, this complex response to wounding dramatically alters the plants physiology and launches defenses that are particularly effective against small organisms and even small herbivores. Again, there are two specific purposes for the wound activation response in plants: heal the damaged tissue, and activate a defense mechanism to prevent further damage. The activation of the defense mechanism occurs locally (at the site of injury) and systemically.

35 Kish S. Trees – Heal Thyself. National Institute of Food and Agriculture. http://www.csrees.usda.gov/newsroom/impact/2008/ nri/09161_tree_scabs.html. September 2008. June 2014.

Plant Protocol

The initial phases of the wound response is a rapid reaction to close the wound and provide a structural barrier through an oxidative burst that results in the crosslinking of plant cell wall proteins. In addition, hydrogen peroxide is thought to activate wound inducible genes and there is an up-regulation of phenylpropanoids that provide the cell with lignin precursors that reseal the wounded surface.36 Why is this important to know? If a plant is having trouble healing from wounds, it may be a priority to work with the wound healing response, which includes the oxidative burst, the hydrogen peroxide release and/or the up-regulation of phenylpropanoids. The wound healing response is rather complex and involves many compounds and genes however it is beyond the scope of this course to cover in detail.

Wheat seedlings infected with aphids may produce chemicals that repel other aphids. Lima beans and apple trees emit chemicals that attract predatory mites. Reference: http://www.apsnet.org/edcenter/intropp/topics/ Pages/OverviewOfPlantDiseases.aspx

The second purpose of the wound response in plants is the activation of the defense mechanisms. Because the majority of microbial infections occur in plants following a wound, plants have developed a variety of biochemical responses that combat invading pathogens. Some of the response mechanisms include the production of substances that repel harmful insects, or the production of chemicals that attract beneficial predators that prey on the harmful insects. Keep in mind that plants are unable to remove themselves from the insect or predator so part of wound healing involves protection from further damage. If the plant is unable to “launch” the local defense mechanisms then the microorganism, or insect may continue to infest or ravage the plant. Another important aspect to cover is the common practice of pruning, which will also leave potential entry points for pathogens. Intertwined with various types of pruning practices is the common use of sealants. This is another factor to consider.

36 Zhou L. Thornburg R. Wound-Inducible Genes in Plants. Iowa State University. Inhttp://www.bb.iastate.edu/~thorn/www/Publications/ pdfFiles/WoundReview.pdf. 1999. June 2014.

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Sotiriou A. Wheat seedlings growing in Petri dishes. iSotck. Thinkstock. Getty Images. 200362442-001.

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BodyTalk for Plants

When plant wounds come up as a priority, it will be important to consider both the healing of the wound by the plant and the defense mechanism process (especially when the wound is induced by a predator). In BodyTalk on humans, the balancing technique for such a wound would occur under the Scars category. In the case of wounds, the plant must seal, heal, and divert circulation. So here, under the Wounds section of the chart we will be implementing the ‘Scars’ technique from BodyTalk Fundamentals with the focus on sealing, healing, and diverting. Then it is important to consider a variety of possible links involving the defense response, perhaps a Plant Chemistry balancing since much of the concern is the entry of pathogens and/or the need to recover from the use of toxic compounds to help seal the wound. When Wounds come up as a priority, locate the wound (take a good look at the plant and ask for a priority as you identify possible wounds, or move through the Plant Parts section until you find the wound). Once you have identified the wound you will continue with the asking procedure by looking for links. When ready to implement your focus will be on sealing, healing, and diverting as you tap.

Example 9 (Assume you have asked through the Protocol and arrived at Wounds.) Are Wounds a priority? Yes Further More Specific? Yes Now you will need to locate the wound. Imagine you visually notice a wound on the stem. Wound on stem a priority? Yes Further More Specific? No Further Details? No Link? No Implementation? Yes Tap Out? Yes In this example you are balancing a wound on the stem of the plant whilst focusing on sealing, healing, and diverting.

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Plant Protocol

Interference The concept of interference for plants is the same as it is for humans. Ideally, when Interference presents as a priority, it is optimal to remove the source of the interference, however this is not always possible. If this is the case, ask if it can be balanced by linking to another part of the Protocol chart. Generally you will link to the Environment section or Active Memory to help facilitate a shift.

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Common parts of the environment which may register as interference in plants include the following main categories:

• Humans: this could be humans themselves or a result of human activity.

• Animals: wild or pets. • EMFs: overhead wires, electronics. • Other: lawn ornaments, fences, posts.

Example 10 (Assume you have asked through the Protocol and arrived at Interference.) Is Interference a priority? Yes Further More Specific? Yes Humans? Yes Further More Specific? Yes Owner? Yes Further More Specific? No Further Details? No Removing the owner is not really physically possible so in this case we ask if balancing is a priority.

Details? Yes More Specific? Yes Plant Chemistry? No Active Memory? Yes Further More Specific? Yes Belief? No Event? Yes Further More Specific? Yes Pruning? Yes Further More Specific? No

Balance? Yes

Further Details? No

To balance this we link to another part of the chart.

Link? No

Link to Section 1 a priority? No

Implementation? Yes

Section 2? No

Tap Out? Yes

Section 3? No

In this example you have interference from the owner linked to an active memory around pruning.

Section 4? Yes Notes

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52

BodyTalk for Plants

Grafting Point

Plant Parts

Grafting is a horticultural technique where tissues from one plant are inserted into those of another. The purpose of this is to allow two sets of vascular tissues to join together. Generally, one plant is selected for its roots and the other plant is selected for its stems, leaves, flowers, or fruits. This allows horticulturists to combine the best features of two plants into one. The joint formed between the two different plants is called the grafting point. The joints formed by grafting are not as strong as naturally formed joints, which will often leave a physical weak point.

Plants are a complicated and diverse group of organisms that have many anatomical variations and adaptations, and it is beyond the scope of this course to provide a list of every possible feature you may encounter. The anatomy of seedless vascular plants, gymnosperms and angiosperms are in some ways similar but there are numerous differences. And within each group, there are also many possible variations - no two gymnosperm species are identical in all their structures, and there are hundreds of thousands of unique angiosperm species each with distinctive characteristics.

There are some scenarios where roots (and sometimes tree branches) of the same species graft naturally.37 When roots make physical contact with each other they often share water and minerals.

The following overview of the basic external structures of most plants will provide you with a starting point for conducting sessions, but there may be times when your plant client surprises you with a unique anatomical variation that is not covered here. You may also have sessions where Innate invites you to go deeper into the plant's tissues, cells or processes. Consider such invitations as opportunities to broaden and deepen your knowledge of these amazing organisms! But keep in mind that the science of Botany is dynamic and not all plant variations or processes are fully understood. So don't be afraid to let your own intuitive wisdom guide you - allow the plant to show you what it needs.

The grafting point is often an area of major importance. At the site of the graft, there can be a few issues:

• A physical weakness at the point of the graft. • Poor connections leading to reduced circulation. • Microbial contamination. All of these factors may affect the lack of growth of the plant or tree and in turn reduce fruit or flower production both in quality and quantity. The technique for addressing issues with grafting points is the Wounds technique. Follow the same process as described above and remember it might be important to link to the Plant Chemistry technique or Circulation technique as well. For PaRama students ask if you can run a rehab formula.

37 Wikipedia. Grafting. Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Grafting. August 2005. June 2014.

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Plant Parts Overview All living things, from tiny bacteria to enormous blue whales, are made up of cells. Cells are the smallest things to have all the properties of life, including the ability to reproduce, respond to signals, grow, and transfer matter and energy in their environment. In plants, after new cells are produced, they specialize for certain functions, enlarging and changing their structure to match their function.

Plant Protocol

Collections of cells that work together to perform a specific function are organized into tissues. Groups of tissues that perform similar or related functions are referred to as tissue systems. The various tissue systems combine to form distinct specialized structures that perform specific tasks, referred to as the organs of the plant. The vegetative organs of plants are those that make and use food, absorb water and minerals, transport minerals throughout the plant, and store food. They are the roots, stems and leaves. All vascular plants have these organ structures. Plants also have reproductive organs. Flowers are the reproductive organs of angiosperms. The gymnosperms reproduce with cones, and the seedless vascular plants as well as the non-vascular plants produce spores. As mentioned earlier, healthy soil plays a key role in the healthy development of the plant. Integral to the health of the soil is the microbiome of the plant, which is located in the rhizosphere. The balancing procedure for Plant Parts is the same as it is for humans - find the priority and find the link. Links can be to or from any part of the chart. For a breakdown of More Specific information on all the Plant Parts see the Plant Parts Charts at the end of the manual. We begin with a brief introduction of the cells and tissues of plants. However, these topics will be covered in more detail in the PlantEcology course.

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Cells Almost all eukaryotic cells (cells which contain a nucleus and organelles enclosed within membranes, which include those of plants and animals), contain the following structures:

• Cell or Plasma Membrane • Ribosomes • Cytoplasm • Nucleus • Endoplasmic Reticulum • Golgi Apparatus (sometimes called Dictyosomes in plant cells)

• Mitochondria • Cytoskeleton • Vesicles • Vacuoles • Lysosomes Plant cells have four additional structures, some of which are shared with other eukaryotes such as fungi and protists (single-celled organisms), but which are not found in animal cells:

• Cell wall • Plastids, including cytoplasts • Large central vacuole • Plasmodesmata The composition, construction, growth, reproduction and behavior of plant cells are a fascinating and complex study which is explored in more detail the PlantEcology course.

Blueringmedia. Plant Cell Anatomy. iStock. Thinkstock. Getty Images. 477462119.

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Tissues Plant cells combine to form four main tissue systems:

Vegetative Organs: Roots, Stems, and Leaves

Meristematic Tissue: contains cells that are actively dividing to produce new plant tissue. Meristematic tissues are responsible for the processes of growth. Apical meristematic tissue divides to produce new growth at the tips of roots and stems through a process called “primary growth”. Other meristematic tissues divide width-wise to increase the girth of plants, which is the process of “secondary growth”.

Roots

Ground Tissue: tissues that make up the bulk of the plant, including tissues that provide structural support, tissues responsible for photosynthesis, food storage tissues and damage-repair tissues.

• Anchoring the plant body to the ground to help it

Vascular Tissue: tissues that conduct water, minerals and sugars through the plant roots, stems and leaves. The primary vascular tissues are xylem, which conduct water from the roots through the stem to the leaves of the plant, and phloem, which transport the products of photosynthesis (sugars and other nutrients) from the leaves to the rest of the plant. Dermal Tissue: tissues that cover and protect the surface of the roots, stems and leaves of the plant and prevent the loss of water from tissues and cells. Tissues combine to form the plant's organs.

Roots anchor a plant into the soil and grow through the soil, absorbing water, minerals and nutrients and transporting them up through the xylem vascular tissue into the shoot system (stems and leaves) of the plant. Root functions include: withstand the push of wind and water and supporting the aboveground stem structure.

• Absorption of water and inorganic nutrients from the soil.

• Storage of food and nutrients. • Production of hormones essential for shoot growth. • Propagation through asexual or vegetative reproduction.

Root System Types There are two main types of root systems: Taproot: a very large, somewhat straight to tapering plant root that grows downward from which smaller branch (or lateral) roots develop.

• The taproot develops from the embryonic root, called

the radicle, or primary root. The radicle is the first structure to emerge from the seed during germination, and functions to get the plant established and anchored so it will be able to absorb nutrients.

• In most dicots, the radicle develops quickly to form the taproot. Numerous small lateral or branch roots form and extend horizontally from the taproot, further anchoring the plant more securely.

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• This branching of roots also increases the plant's potential for water and nutrient uptake from the soil.

• The central taproot can be modified for storage (mainly of carbohydrates in the form of starch), and is an important adaptation that allows the plant to access nutrients and moisture from deeper soil layers, thus giving the plant a potential advantage during periods of drought.

Fibrous: most monocots, some dicots and most conifers have a mass of many thin, uniformly branching roots, known as a fibrous or diffuse root system.

• Fibrous root systems also begin with the emergence of

a primary root or radicle, but the radicle dies during or immediately after germination, and is replaced by adventitious roots that form and project from the base of the stem into the soil.

• The adventitious roots spread horizontally, and most

tend to remain closer to the surface of the soil. However, a few also develop vertically for deep anchorage and increased nutrient and water absorption.

• Fibrous root systems absorb water and nutrients from

the top layers of the soil, which can be more nutrientrich. Fibrous root systems are excellent soil anchors and therefore inhibit soil erosion. Fibrous systems can cover a large surface area, which can increase the plant's access to water and minerals. However, this system is not ideal during periods of drought, as the plant cannot access water from deep in the soil.

• Fibrous systems are generally not adapted for storage of nutrients and water. However, some plants develop modified root structures in which to store starches.

See Plant Parts Chart for a list of root structures and functions as well as a list of possible modified/adapted root structures.

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Stems The stem is a part of the plant that holds up other structures such as the leaves and flowers. Leaves need to be held up to the sun to access light for photosynthesis and the flowers need to be raised and supported to be available for pollination. Stems also carry water and minerals up from the roots to the leaves to help with photosynthesis and take food back down to be stored and distributed to the plant as it is needed. Specialized cells of the stem annually produce new living plant tissue. Some stem tissues also provide storage for collected and manufactured nutrients. Modified stem structures are capable of asexually reproducing the plant through vegetative reproduction. See Plant Parts Chart for a list of root structures and functions as well as a list of possible modified/adapted stem structures.

Stem Types: Herbaceous and Woody Herbaceous stems are green and bendable, and their leaves and stems die down at the end of the growing season to the soil level. Herbaceous plants may be annuals, biennials or perennials. Annual herbaceous plants die completely at the end of the growing season or when they have flowered and fruited, and they then grow again from seed. Herbaceous perennial and biennial plants have stems that die at the end of the growing season, but parts of the plant, either roots or underground stems, survive under or close to the ground from season to season. New growth forms in the spring from these surviving tissues. Some dicots and most monocots produce herbaceous stems. Woody plants are non-herbaceous perennial plants which have stems above ground that remain alive during the dormant season and grow shoots the next year from the above-ground parts. These include trees, shrubs and vines.

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Wood is a structural cellular adaptation that allows woody plants to maintain aboveground stems from which the plant can continue to grow from year to year. This capacity for continual annual growth makes some woody plants the largest and tallest terrestrial plants. Woody plants are also capable of increasing their girth every year, as new wood tissues are formed beneath the bark through the process of secondary growth. The most familiar example of a woody stem is a tree trunk. Woody stemmed plants, including trees, contain many tissues which can be grouped as follows:

• Sapwood is wood tissue which still has functional vascular tissues and is actively growing.

• Heartwood is dead tissue that no longer transports water

or minerals but still provides tremendous strength to the stem. Heartwood is impregnated with chemicals called resins and tannins which help prevent infection and infestation.

• Cork is the outermost layer of a woody stem. It serves

as protection against dehydration, fire, damage from parasites, herbivorous animals and diseases. Cork can contain antiseptics, e.g. tannins that protect against fungal and bacterial attacks that would cause decay.

• Bark is a non-technical term that refers to a number of

different tissues, which include the cork. The familiar rough outer layer that covers the trunks of trees is called the rhytidome.

See Plant Parts Chart for a list of stem structures and functions.

Leaves In most plants, leaves are the primary organs responsible for photosynthesis, transpiration, and respiration. Leaves are designed to capture as much sunlight as possible to maximize the plant's photosynthetic capabilities. Most leaves have a broad flat surface and are arranged on the plant so as to expose the surfaces to light as efficiently as possible without shading each other. However, nature rarely cooperates with humans' desire to generalize, so there are numerous exceptions and adaptations! The shape and structure of leaves vary considerably from species to species of plant, depending largely on adaptation to climate and available light, and to other factors such as available nutrients and ecological resource competition from other plants. Some leaf forms are adapted to modulate the amount of light they absorb to mitigate excessive heat, ultraviolet damage or desiccation. Other plants have leaf structures, such as conifer needles, which are modified to be less appealing to herbivorous predators. Considerable variations in leaf type occur within species as well, with the leaf shape of the adult plant being very different from the leaf shape of the seedling. The concentration of photosynthetic structures and processes in leaves requires that they are nourished by the plant with a generous supply of macronutrients such as protein, minerals and sugar. This concentration of nutrients means that leaves are a desirable food source for many animals, including humans. Many of the foods we eat are made of leaves. When we eat a salad we are eating the blades of the lettuce leaves. If you are having onions you are eating swollen leaf tissue. And if you eat celery you are munching on giant leaf stems called petioles!38 38 Kratz R.F. Botany for Dummies. For Dummies; 2011.

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Reproductive Organs: Spores, Cones, and Flowers Unlike humans, who have one method of reproduction, plants have a couple of different options. Many species of plant can reproduce asexually through the use of specialized stems and roots using vegetative reproduction. Vegetative reproduction propagates the area around the plant with genetically identical clones.

Soleg. Autumn leaves collection isolated. iStock. Thinkstock. Getty Images. 185163550.

Leaf Types

Plants also reproduce sexually, combining male and female cell structures either from the same plant or from different plants, to create a new genetically unique individual. Reproductive strategies and processes vary between and among the non-vascular, seedless vascular, non-flowering vascular and the flowering vascular plants.

Gymnosperm leaves are generally needle-like or in the form of narrow scales.

Sexual Reproduction with Spores: NonVascular and Seedless Vascular Plants

Deciduous angiosperm plant species have evolved to have a much more diverse array of possible leaf shapes, sizes, arrangements and specialized structures. There are three main parts to a deciduous leaf:

Non-vascular and seedless vascular plants have similar though not identical processes. The reproductive processes of non-vascular plants is elaborated upon in the Appendix of this manual.

• The lamina or leaf blade is the broad, flat structure we

The most common type of seedless vascular plant is the fern. A mature fern plant produces spores in a structure called sporangia. The spores are stored in capsules called sori located on the underside of the fern leaves, called fronds. In dry conditions, the sori release the spores into the air.

commonly think of as the leaf.

• The stalk or petiole is a thin stem structure containing vascular tissue that connects the lamina to the stem.

• The base is the point on the stem where the stalk or petiole is formed and attached.

To classify different plant species, botanists study the shape of leaf blades, number of leaf blades, their arrangement on the stem, and the pattern of the veins on the blade (vascular tissues entering from the stem into the leaf ). See Plant Parts Chart for a list of leaf structures and functions as well as a list of possible modified/adapted leaf structures. Notes

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When a spore lands on moist ground, it develops into a tiny, heart-shaped structure called a prothallus. Two reproductive structures called gametophytes - the male antheridium (sperm producing) and female archegonium (egg producing), are found on the underside of the prothallus. Sperm produced in the antheridium swim through moisture on the prothallus to the archegonium and fertilize the egg cells. The zygote that results grows within the protection of the archegonium, eventually emerging as a curled stalk called a fiddlehead. This stalk will gradually unfurl and develop into its adult form - the familiar fern plant.

The zygote that is produced develops into an embryo within the ovule. In time, the embryo matures to a seed, borne on the scales of the female cone. Eventually, the seed falls from the female cone and germinates, and the germinating embryo becomes a new pine tree.

Sexual Reproduction with Cones: Gymnosperms

Flowers usually contain both male and female reproductive structures, and reproduction is achieved through the process of pollination. All flowers share the same basic structures:

As the conifers are the largest and most familiar division of the gymnosperms, we will focus exclusively on their reproductive processes. Like ferns, conifers also have a two-part reproductive strategy: The full-grown conifer (for example, a pine tree) produces seeds in reproductive organs called cones. In the first phase of their reproductive process, spores are produced in the cones through the process of meiosis. These spores develop into multicellular reproductive structures called gametophytes. Conifers are monoeceous, meaning that an individual tree will produce cones which contain only male gametophytes as well as cones which contain only female gametophytes. In the male cones, the gametophyte structures produce pollen grains, which contain sperm cells. In the female cones, the female gametophyte produces two or three egg cells that develop within protective structures called ovules. In the spring, the male cone releases pollen which is blown about by the wind. Some pollen gets trapped on the female cone where it germinates and forms a pollen tube that makes its way into the ovule. A sperm cell then fertilizes the egg.

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Sexual Reproduction with Flowers: Angiosperms Flowers are the sexual reproductive organs of angiosperms. Flowers are leaf tissues which long ago adapted to facilitate sexual reproduction between angiosperm plants.

The receptacle is the part of the branch on which a flower forms. Sepals are leaf-like structures that surround and protect the flower before it blooms. Petals are the colourful part of the flower that attracts insects and other pollinators. (All flowering plants have flowers, but some are not brightly colored, showy, fragrant or readily visible.) The female reproductive structures are called carpels. In most flowers, the carpels are fused together to form a pistil. The pistil has three parts: the stigma, which is often sticky and the landing site for male pollen grains; the style, a long tube that attaches the stigma to the ovary, the structure wherein ovules (eggs) are created and stored. The male reproductive structures are called the stamens. Each stamen consists of an anther, which produces pollen, and a filament, which supports the anther. Pollen produced by the anther is carried by insects, other pollinators, wind or water to the pistil of another flower where it may fertilize the eggs.

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Pollination in Angiosperms

Fruit

Sexual reproduction in angiosperm plants occurs when the pollen from an anther is transferred to the stigma. Sperm from the pollen will travel down the style to the ovary, fertilizing the ovules.

Some plants that make flowers also produce fruit. Once a flower has been pollinated and the sperm has fertilized the eggs in the ovule, the petals of the flower fall off leaving only the ovary behind. The ovary wall becomes the flesh or outer covering of the fruit, and the ovules develop into seeds.

Some plants can fertilize themselves. Self-fertilization occurs when the pollen from a flower fertilizes the eggs of that same flower. Cross-fertilization occurs when the pollen is transferred to the stigma of an entirely different plant. Cross-pollinators have evolved various strategies to increase their chances of uniting male pollen grains from one flower with the female ova of another, including the use of brightly colored or uniquely shaped petals, production of heat or an attractive smell, and offering nectar as nourishment to pollinators.

Seeds When the ovules are fertilized, they will develop into seeds. Seeds of angiosperms are multicellular and contain a genetically distinct embryo, as well as nutritive tissue to nourish the initial development of that embryo, all enclosed within a sturdy protective seed coat. The nutritive tissue, called endosperm, is produced inside the seeds of most flowering plants around the time of fertilization. It surrounds the embryo and provides nutrition in the form of starch, though it can also contain oils and protein. The term angiosperm means “seed vessel" in reference to the endosperm tissue. In many angiosperms, the endosperm develops into the fruit of the plant. Thus, the protected seed is often found within a fruit.

To a botanist, any ripened ovary is a fruit. Fruits include such familiar foods as apples, oranges, peaches and grapes. Other edible fruits include tomatoes, nuts, cucumbers, string beans, acorns, lentils, and grains produced by grasses. See Plant Parts Chart for a list of reproductive organ structures and functions. Referencing for the Plant Part section.39

Soil Healthy soil can be defined as having the capacity to function as a living system that maintains a diverse community of organisms, forms beneficial relationships with plant roots, and recycles essential plant nutrients. The rich diversity of its biota (microbiome) along with a high content of nonliving soil organic matter are the two key characteristics of healthy soil.40 It will be common to link to and from the soil within a session, especially in relation to the microbiome and the non-living organic matter. These parts are also frequently linked to and from Plant Chemistry, Active Memory, and/ or Environment.

39 Kratz R.F. Botany for Dummies. For Dummies; 2011. Annenberg Learning. Life Science. Alternation of Generations. Annenberg Learner. http://www.learner.org/courses/essential/life/session4/closer1.html. June 2014. 40 FAO. Soil Health. FAO. http://www.fao.org/ag/save-and-Grow/en/3/ index.html. June 2014.

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The Microbiome

Metabolism

The plant microbiomes act in a similar way to animal microbiomes as discussed in the BodyEcology course. They play a critical role in nutrition, general and specific plant functions. The main microbiome of plants is the rhizosphere found as a layer of soil around the root system. Tens of millions of microbes can live in this biome. The plant microbiome has several surprising features that will be covered in the PlantEcology course.

Photosynthesis

Plant Processes Growth Germination: the process by which a plant grows from a seed. Primary Growth: is the growth that occurs as a result of cell division at the tips of stems and roots. Secondary Growth: is the growth that results in the thickening of the stems and roots. Root Growth: the growth and development of the root system. Stem Growth: the healthy growth of the stem so that it can function properly including support and elevation for leaves, flowers, and fruits, transportation of fluids, storage of nutrients, and production of new tissues. Leaf Growth: the emergence of leaves from the buds at the tips and along the stems of plants in response to rising temperatures and increased sunlight. Plant Growth will be expanded upon in the PlantEcology course.

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Photosynthesis is a two-part process through which plants create sugar molecules (glucose) to use as an immediate fuel source, as food storage for later use, and as a building material to build cells, tissues and organs. The first process is a set of reactions through which the plant captures electromagnetic energy from the sun and transforms it into chemical energy, storing it in the energy molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Specialized cell structures called chloroplasts in the plant's leaves contain the green pigment chlorophyll, which absorbs this electromagnetic energy. In the second process, plants capture gaseous carbon dioxide from the air through small leaf pores called stomata, and draw up water through their roots from the soil. Using the stored electromagnetic energy in the ATP molecule, the plant then breaks apart and rearranges the bonds between carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms, ultimately forming the carbohydrate molecule glucose (sugar). The plant uses glucose as fuel and releases the waste oxygen back into the atmosphere.

Respiration When plants need to access their food stores, they do so through the complex process of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration breaks down the carbohydrate molecules that were built during photosynthesis, releasing the stored energy for fuel and the stored matter for use as cellular and tissue building material. The waste products of cellular respiration which are released back into the environment are CO2 (carbon dioxide) and H2O (water).

Plant Protocol

Digestion Digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble molecules by hydrolysis to smaller soluble forms that can be transported to various parts of the plant.

Assimilation Assimilation is the conversion of the sugar produced by photosynthesis to complex carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and other substances. Plants can make life-sustaining food from only water and carbon dioxide, but they cannot live and grow on simple carbohydrates alone. Other macromolecules - complex carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids and lipids - are needed to construct cells and tissues, and to facilitate the many complex metabolic, growth and reproductive processes necessary for survival.

Waste Disposal Oxygen produced during photosynthetic reactions in green plants and certain bacteria may be considered to be a waste product, or at least a by-product, requiring removal.

Transportation (Circulation) Transportation or Circulation refers to the processes through which the plant circulates water and sap through its structures to its tissues and cells. The three main circulatory processes are: Transpiration: is the process through which water is drawn and pumped from the plant roots up through the stem to the leaves. As water molecules evaporate out of the plant leaves through pores in the leaves, this creates a draw effect which, along with the force of capillary action, pulls water up from the roots through the stem and to the leaves through vascular tissue called xylem. This pulling action, combined with root pressure, moves water upward.

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Root Pressure: is the osmotic pressure within the cells of the root system which, combined with transpiration, cause water to rise through the plant stem to the leaves. Translocation: is is the movement of sugars and other nutrients from leaves to the stems, developing leaves, flowers, fruits and to the roots of the plant. The vascular phloem are the tissues that conduct the nutrient-rich sap throughout the plant body.

Movement Growth movements (tropisms) are movements that result from growth in a particular direction, which occurs in response to many signals, including light, gravity, chemicals, and temperature. Three of the most studied tropisms are:

1. Phototropism: growth toward a light source, which occurs due to the presence of photoreceptor cells in the tips of shoots.

2. Geotropism (gravitropism): plant roots grow towards the pull of gravity, which is called positive geotropism. Plant stems grow against the pull of gravity, known as negative geotropism.

3. Thigmotropism: curvature of growth in response to

contact with an object. Thigmotropism is exhibited by climbing plants, whose tendrils can curve around a support. Growing toward an object or surface is called positive thigmotropism. Roots, on the other hand, will curve away from solid objects like rocks that they encounter in the soil, exhibiting negative thigmotropism.

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Reproduction

Environment

As discussed in the Plant Parts section, plant reproduction is the production of new individuals or offspring that is accomplished through sexual or asexual reproduction. Here are a few processes that occur in relation to reproduction that may come up in a session.

A plant’s environment can be a major source of stress and hence lead to disease and destruction of the plant.

Sexual reproduction: produces offspring by the fusion of gametes (offspring that is genetically different from the parent or parents). Asexual reproduction: new individuals are produced without the fusion of gametes. These new plants are genetically identical to the parent plant. Pollination: the process by which pollen is transferred from the male flower structure (anther) or gymnosperm cone to the female flower structure (stigma) or female cone. When the sperm from the pollen unites with the female egg, fertilization occurs. Seed development: a seed is a small embryonic plant enclosed with a food source inside a protective covering. A seed develops from the fertilized ovules of gymnosperms and angiosperms. Adaptation: is the reproductive mechanism of a species of plant that results in it being better adjusted to its environment. Mutation: is a sudden change to the structure of a gene. The change can occur spontaneously or can be the result of exposure to radiation or chemicals.

General Environment When this comes up as a priority it indicates that there is something in the plant’s environment that is acting as a stressor. Here is a list of factors that can contribute to the plant’s stress:

• Time: time of day (sunrise, midday), time of year (winter, spring, dormancy).

• Events: addition of a new plant, physical abuse, pruning, unusual weather pattern.

• Humans: owners, neighbors, kids, attitudes towards plants, lack of care.

• Animals and Birds: wild or pets. • Insects: pests/predators (aphids, wood borers, cutworms, caterpillars, ants, mites, scales, weevils, beetles, mealworms, etc.) and/or beneficial helpers – a lack of beneficial helpers could result in stress (bees, ladybugs, beetles, lacewings, predatory insect-hunters such as wasps, spiders and flies).

• Place: atmospheric pressure, humidity, temperature, rainfall, microclimate, sun, shade.

• Plant: other plants in the local area or surrounding area. • Object: fences, lawn ornaments, sprinklers, edging, signs, roads, electrical wires.

• Activity: pruning, chopping, picking, planting, watering, carving, harvesting, weeding.

• Soil: condition (moisture/dryness, pH, nutrition).

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Essentially the information required for the tap out is the same as for humans (with a slight variation on possible stress factors and points of entry). To establish the focus for this technique, we require three pieces of information. First we must identify what environmental factor is impacting the plant. Second, we must determine whether the influence is "entering" the plant system through the leaves, stems or roots. Lastly, we must determine what specific plant part or process is being affected by the external factor. Use the Plant Parts or Plant Processes bubbles of the chart to get this information. The focus for the tap out is the balancing of the stress factor through the point of entry to the part being affected. There is no need for hand positions for this. It is all about your focus.

Example 11 (Assume you have asked through the Protocol and arrived at Environment.) Environment a priority? Yes Details a priority? Yes More Specific a priority? Yes General a priority? Yes Further More Specific? Yes Find the three pieces of information that are required for this technique. 1. Factor 2. Entering through (leaves, stem, roots) 3. Affecting (plant part or plant process) Further details? No Link? No Implementation? Yes Tap Out? Yes Notes

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Lirtlon. Ant bridge unity. iSotck. Thinkstock. Getty Images. 478798855.

Vivaxis Environmental Vivaxis This technique is another way to synchronize a plant to various parts of its local environment. Like any other organism, when plants are out of sync with their environment, a stress response will occur that can lead to stunted growth, failure to thrive, failure to bloom, pest invasion and/or disease. The difference between this and the General Environment balancing is that here, we are looking to sync the plant to more generalized parts of the environment (a species of animals or insects, the entire composition of the soil rather than a component of the soil). All the factors listed in General Environment may come up to be balanced through Vivaxis, but here are some examples that will help you understand the difference in focus between the two techniques:

• Humans: humans moving into new areas (expansion of housing), new/old neighbors, babies/toddlers, etc.

• Animals: new species moves into the area.

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• Insects: a new insect that the plant has not been exposed to before.

Example 12

• Soil: the plant is replanted and needs syncing with the

(Assume you have asked through the Protocol and arrived at Environment.)

When Environmental Vivaxis comes up as a priority the focus is syncing the plant (or matrix of plants) to a part of their local environment. To start, determine if the priority is the whole matrix of plants, a part of the matrix, e.g. all the carrots in the garden or an individual plant. Next, find out the part of the environment that you are syncing the plant(s) to (utilize the list above and/or look around). There is no need for hand positions for this. It is all about your focus. While tapping out, focus on syncing the plant to the factor.

Environment a priority? Yes

new soil.

Details a priority? Yes More Specific a priority? Yes General? No Vivaxis? Yes Further More Specific? Yes

Just as people have likes and dislikes, vegetables do too, particularly for their "next door neighbors" planted alongside them in the garden. Some vegetables will stunt the growth and yield from other vegetables. As it turns out, tomatoes and potatoes do not get along, even though they rhyme.

Environmental? Yes Now look for the factor in the environment using the list. Soil? Yes Further More Specific? No Further Details? No Link? No Implementation? Yes Tap Out? Yes In this example you have an environmental balancing of the plant to the soil.

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Plant (body) Vivaxis We can use the Body Vivaxis technique from Bio-Dynamics to balance out relationships within the plant kingdom and their environment. This can occur on many levels including:

• The relationship between the entire plant matrix (whole garden, forest, crop) and parts of the environment.

• Parts of the plant matrix to other parts of the plant matrix (one plant in relation to another) or to the environment (one plant within the matrix to the local insects, one vegetable within a garden to the soil, the flower to the sun).

• A part of a plant in relation to another part of that same plant (stem to roots, the flower to the stem).

• Planting and replanting. Many plants do not grow well

because of their position in the matrix they belong to and physically moving the plant is impossible. In this case you will need to do the Vivaxis technique while focusing on shifting the relationship of the plants on an energetic level. However, there will also be times where physically moving a plant or plants within a matrix is possible, so part of utilizing this technique is to determine if moving is the priority.

YuriyS. Senior woman planting a pepper seedling. iSotck. Thinkstock. Getty Images. 467855637.

Essentially, there are three main ways to use this technique: 1. To plant new gardens, bushes, flowers, trees, etc.

• Again there are a few different scenarios that are at

play here. If it is a new garden then likely it is the owner (human) of that garden that is the matrix holder. If you are adding flowers, trees or bushes to a garden or yard then likely there is an established matrix holder (ideally a tree). Either way you will use the appropriate matrix holder as the guide for the optimal planting position. There is also the case of replanting a crop or garden every year. In this scenario it is also likely there is an established matrix holder.

• To utilize the technique in this way you will need to establish the matrix holder (by using your intuition and then confirming with Yes/No checking), then use your intuition as to the approximate optimal position of the plant, bush or tree and then fine tune the exact position using Yes/No checking and the matrix holder. Remember to check for angle, and depth.

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2. To physically move plants in an existing matrix that are not in the optimal position.

3. To adjust the relationship between plant parts (of the same plant) or plants to each other within a matrix.

• This will only come up as a priority if it is

• Again here you may be dealing with the relationship

reasonable to actually physically move the plants in the matrix (potted plants) or if it is a priority to move parts of the environment in relationship to the plants (fountain, lawn ornaments, etc.). Otherwise you will need to use the third option for this technique to help balance out the relationship around and between plants.

• If this does come up as a priority and it is possible

to move parts of the environment or specific plants, then you will need to find the matrix holder and use the Yes/No checking to determine what part of the matrix is being moved and in relationship to what. For example, it may be a priority to move one potted plant in relation to the fence. Or maybe a lawn ornament in relation to the whole matrix of plants. Once you know what you are moving and in relation to what, you will also have to find the direction of movement. Or maybe the priority is to turn the potted plant in relation to the sun. There are a variety of options here but essentially you will determine the priority that requires moving (potted plant, lawn ornament, etc), what it is moving in relation to (another plant, etc.), and where the priority is moving (across the yard, turned around, etc.).

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between the whole matrix of plants to a part of the environment, or a specific plant within a matrix to another plant, animal, insect, etc., or a part of a plant to another part of that same plant – stem to roots. Again this also contains a variety of options.

• In this case you would be finding the priority part

by starting with the whole matrix and getting more specific as guided. Then once you have determined that you will need to find the second item followed by the plane of movement. In other words, what is the energetic direction of the movement? Remembering that this third expression of this balancing technique is used when it is not physically possible to move the plants in the matrix around as well as when balancing an individual plant in the case where the parts of the plant are ‘out of alignment with each other’ (stem to roots). Once you have taken the BioDynamics course, the utilization of this third balancing option will become more clear.As a general rule this technique deals with the balancing of relationships between parts. Obviously, if you are planting a new plant, garden, crop, etc. you can utilize this technique straight away. Otherwise, if it comes up as a priority within a session, see the examples below.

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Example 13 (Assume you have asked through the Protocol and arrived at Plant Vivaxis.)

Go through and test the various plants until you find the priority plant unless there is only one plant (your client).

Is Plant Vivaxis a priority? Yes

Rose bush? Yes

Further More Specific? Yes

Further More Specific? No

Find the priority part that will be moved either physically or energetically depending on the part.

Find the direction of movement.

Plant a priority? No Plant part a priority? No Environment a priority? Yes Further More Specific? Yes Look around and use Yes/No checking to determine the priority.

Towards the plant? No Away from the plant? Yes Determine the distance that it needs to be moved. Inches (centimeters) away? No Feet (meters) away? Yes One foot (30 cm) away? Yes

Fence a priority? No

Further More Specific? No

Solar lights a priority? Yes

Further Details? No

Further More Specific? No

Link? No

Look around to find what you are moving that solar light in relation to.

Implementation? Yes

Whole plant matrix a priority? No Plant a priority? Yes Further More Specific? Yes

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Tap Out? Yes In this example you have a Plant Vivaxis between the solar light and the rose bush and the priority is to move the solar light one foot (30 cm)away from the plant.

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Example 14 (Assume you have asked through the Protocol and arrived at Plant Vivaxis.) Is Plant Vivaxis a priority? Yes Further More Specific? Yes Find the priority part that will be moved either physically or energetically depending on the part. Plant a priority? Yes Go through and test the various plants until you find the priority plant unless there is only one plant (your client).

Another vegetable in the garden a priority? Yes Corn plants? Yes Further More Specific? No Establish the direction of movement. Obviously this will be an energetic shift in the relationship between the tomato plants and the corn plants. A good start to being able to determine the direction of movement is to use your intuition. Confirm with innate as you begin to feel the desired direction. Further Details? No

Tomato plants? Yes

Link? No

Further More Specific? No

Implementation? Yes

Find what you are moving the tomato plants in relation to.

Tap Out? Yes

Whole plant matrix a priority? No

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In this example you have a Plant Vivaxis between the tomato plants and the corn plants.

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Life Cycles Planets Although all of the planets may be pertinent linking options when doing BodyTalk on plants, generally you will find that plants commonly want to balance to the energy of the Sun (vitalizing), the Earth (grounding), and the Moon (moisturizing). When balancing a plant to a planet the focus is syncing the energy of that planet to the plant. In other words the planet is another item on the Protocol chart that you can link to and from.

The Moon’s Phases The age-old practice of planting according to lunar phases stems from the simple belief that the Moon governs moisture.

Single tree space background. iSotck. Thinkstock. Getty Images. 153831740.

Example 15 (Assume you have a plant (specifically the seeds of the plant) as your first item in your formula. To find the link you have continued through the Protocol and arrived at Planets.) Are Planets a priority? Yes

Some interesting lunar gardening practices include:

Further More Specific? Yes

• The new moon and first-quarter phases are

Sun? No

considered good for planting above ground crops, putting down sod, grafting trees, and transplanting.

• From the full Moon through to the last

quarter, is the best time for killing weeds, thinning, pruning, mowing, cutting timber, and planting below ground crops.

• The time just before the full Moon is

considered particularly wet, and is best for planting during drought conditions.

Reference: White M. Farming by the Moon. Moon folklore and phases Farming. http://www.almanac.com/content/ farming-moon. June 2014.

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Earth? No Moon? Yes Further More Specific? No Further Details? No Link? No Implementation? Yes Tap Out? Yes In this example you have the seeds of the plant linked to the moon.

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Matrixes A matrix is defined as a group where all the participants have similar objectives and needs. Plants are the healthiest when they belong to a well-functioning matrix, which includes a healthy matrix holder. The matrix holder will stabilize and maintain the interactions between all the factors within its domain. Generally, it is a tree with a strong energetic presence. Houseplants prefer to join the family matrix living in the house. They are very susceptible to family dynamics – and they can influence family dynamics. They are also influenced by their location within a room and in relation to other plants nearby. In general, the concepts in this section are similar to those taught in Matrix Dynamics (Module 9), however the application will be slightly different. Since plant consciousness is different from humans, and the matrix they belong to is such a vital part of their health, it is important for everyone working with plants to understand some basic applications, even if you have not taken Matrix Dynamics.

Establishing the Matrix Holder One of the key applications for this section is to establish a matrix holder for the plant, garden, crop, or group of trees. If the priority is that a matrix holder needs to be established then there are a few options: Form a matrix holder: this would indicate there is not really an established matrix holder. This may be the case when a new garden, crop or groupings of plants have recently been planted. Generally you will find that new gardens or yards will use the person tending to the plants as the matrix holder until eventually (months to years according to the types of trees and plants) a tree will emerge as the matrix holder. Sometimes there is a tree in the surrounding area that will want to hold the matrix for that garden, or crop. Finally, this may be the priority in the case of an older garden, or crop that is not thriving because there has never really been an effective matrix holder. To form a new matrix holder and/or reestablish the authority of the existing one, use Yes/No checking to identify a strong energy in the area (usually it will be a tree, it does not have to be a large tree to have a strong energetic presence). Sometimes there will be no trees in the garden, so you can ask about a tree outside the garden or crop. Once you have identified the priority matrix holder, focus on establishing it as the matrix holder or reestablishing the authority of the current one, depending on the priority, during tap out. Change matrix holders: this indicates that it is ideal to shift the matrix holder from one plant to another. This sort of scenario may occur if the current matrix holder is not well, or if it is something other than a tree (e.g. shrub, large plant, etc.) which is usually indicative of a garden or crop ecology that has significant stress problems.

Crazydiva. Mysterious big and old tree. iSotck. Thinkstock. Getty Images. 463460677.

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Plant Protocol

In the case where the priority is to change the matrix holder, start by finding the current holder (using Yes/No checking) and then find the new matrix holder. Once you have determined these two factors you will then focus on changing the matrix holder while tapping out. In summary, if Matrixes is a priority, determine if the priority is to establish a matrix holder (either form a new one or reestablish the authority of the current matrix) OR to change matrix holders.

Example 17 (Assume you have asked through the Protocol and arrived at Matrixes.) Are Matrixes a priority? Yes Details a priority? Yes More Specific? Yes

Example 16

Establishing the matrix holder? Yes

(Assume you have asked through the Protocol and arrived at Matrixes.)

Further More Specific? Yes

Are Matrixes a priority? Yes Details a priority? Yes More Specific? Yes Establishing the matrix holder? Yes Further More Specific? Yes Form a matrix holder? Yes Use your intuition to guide you to a potential matrix holder. Confirm using the Yes/No checking. Otherwise ask individual parts of the matrix until you find the ideal matrix holder using the Yes/No checking.

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Form a matrix holder? No Change matrix holder? Yes Use your intuition to guide you to the current matrix holder. Confirm using the Yes/No checking. Otherwise ask individual parts of the matrix until you find the current matrix holder using the Yes/No checking. Once you have that then do the same thing to find the new, ideal matrix holder.

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Balancing the Matrix

Plant Chemistry

In this case you are addressing the total matrix (morphogenic field) of the plant. The balance would usually be made using the matrix holder. Generally, use the balancing concepts covered in the Matrix Dynamics (Module 9) course to help balance out the entire plant matrix.

There are three key categories to focus on when dealing with the chemistry of plants: microbes, toxins and nutrients. Implementation is similar to standard BodyTalk practice with a few slight differences.

For those that have not taken Matrix Dynamics (Module 9) it is possible to still work on a basic level focusing on the entire matrix of the plant as your “client”.

Example 18 (Assume you have asked through the Protocol and arrived at Matrixes.) Matrixes a priority? Yes

Microbes The first area of focus is the use of this technique in helping to balance microbes. Plant microbe encounters can be either hostile or friendly. Plants are constantly exposed to a range of fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens and hence have evolved sophisticated defense mechanisms to protect against infection. So the classic Body Chemistry technique can be applied in the same way for plants as it is for humans with the focus of targeting the invasionary microbe.

Details a priority? Yes More Specific a priority? Yes Establishing the matrix holder? No Balancing the matrix? Yes Start the session at the top of the chart revealing the formula as you would normally. The first question is: Pre-Set Links a priority? From here, continue through the protocol until the formula is complete and tap out is a priority. During tap out the focus is on the entire matrix. Schulzie. Fungal Attack. iSotck. Thinkstock. Getty Images. 483451225.

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Plant Protocol

Plants also have a healthy, mutually beneficial relationship with microbes. The structure that represents this is called the microbiome, which is the narrow region of soil that is directly influenced by root secretions and associated soil microorganisms. These microorganisms are beneficial and provide plants with essential nutrients. So it is possible to help restore balance of the healthy microbial community using this plant chemistry technique. The difference in using this technique to target and remove pathogens versus rebuilding and enhancing mutual relationships is the level of the practitioner’s focus. In the case of pathogens, the focus is on the immune response to eradicate the pathogen, whereas the focus when working with a mutualist is to restore communication and the beneficial relationship. From Plant Chemistry – microbes, determine if you are dealing with a pathogen or a mutualist. This will give you the focal point for the balancing. From here determine if you are dealing with bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites. In the plant kingdom it seems that fungi are the most common microbes that cause disease. It is beyond the scope of this course to examine the various microbial species (both pathogen and mutualist) that are interacting with plants. The key here is to have access to an effective balancing technique that substantially addresses microbe imbalances. Keep in mind that part of a plant’s interaction with microbes is the healthy production of defensive chemicals. A common link within the session will be to their defensive mechanism.

Cao Chunhai. Disease and insects pests of soybean leaves. iSotck. Thinkstock. Getty Images. 478322087.

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BodyTalk for Plants Experience I have a number of pots of African Violets that I keep together near a windowsill. They were infected with a bug called "scale" which is notoriously difficult to rid plants of. The most common piece of advice on the Internet is to just throw the plant out. However, I wanted to try to save the violets. I cut off the leaves that were heavily infected, but that was not sufficient. So, I also tried a BodyTalk session. I found that the plants wanted to be addressed as a group. They felt more part of a community of African Violets rather than being separate plants. I did two sessions over the course of a couple of weeks. The sessions focused on strengthening the self-protectiveness of the plants from scale. The scale is now completely gone! Alexandra Hopkins Certified Advanced BodyTalk Practitioner La Crescenta, CA

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Toxins The second focus is on the detrimental effects of toxins on plants. Nowadays, probably the major chemical stressors for the plant kingdom are air pollution, and chemical destruction from the overuse of sprays for weeds, etc. Once these chemicals penetrate the plant walls and enter the cells, they cause massive cell breakdown. The most common toxins to consider are pesticides. The Plant Chemistry technique can be utilized to help the plant expel the harmful chemicals. A common link within the session will be to plant parts that are being affected by the toxins.

Nutrients Lastly, this technique can be very valuable in helping to balance plants to the nutrients they need to thrive. For various reasons it is possible that plants are not resonating with the nutrients they require and hence are unable to absorb and/ or utilize them. There are three categories of nutrients that we are including here. They include non-mineral nutrients (found in the air and water), macronutrients (required in large amounts), and micronutrients (required in small amounts).41 (Please note: This is a brief overview of the main nutrients.)

When nutrients are a priority to be balanced the focus is to sync the nutrient with the plant so the plant can better resonate with the nutrient and hence absorb and utilize it for growth, development and survival. The Plant Chemistry technique can be used in a broad sense to balance microbes (pathogens and mutualists), toxins, and nutrients. Again, the hand positions for this technique (like any techniques on plants) are not as important (or even necessary) as WHAT you are focusing on as you tap the stem and roots. As a replacement for saliva in this procedure, you can focus on plant sap. For non-vascular plants that do not contain sap you can focus on the flow of nutrients dissolved in water that are absorbed from the environment directly through the cell tissues.

Non-mineral Nutrients: hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon. Macronutrients: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur. Micronutrients: boron, copper, iron, chloride, manganese, molybdenum, and zinc.

41 NCDA&CS. Plant Nutrients. NCDA&CS. http://www.ncagr.gov/ cyber/kidswrld/plant/nutrient.htm. June 2014.

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Multik7. Black Coal. iSotck. Thinkstock. Getty Images. 476094129.

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Example 19 (Assume you have asked through the Protocol and arrived at Plant Chemistry.) Is Plant Chemistry a priority? Yes Details a priority? Yes More Specific? Yes Microbes? Yes Further More Specific? Yes Pathogen? No Mutualist? Yes Further More Specific? Yes Fungus? Yes Further More Specific? No Further Details? No Link? Yes Link to Plant Chemistry? Yes Details? Yes

Notes

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More Specific? Yes Microbes? No Toxins? No Nutrients? Yes Further More Specific? Yes Non-mineral nutrients? No Macronutrients? Yes Further More Specific? Yes Nitrogen? Yes Further More Specific? No Further Details? No Link? No Implementation? Yes Tap Out? Yes In this example the plant chemistry of mutualistic fungi is linked to the plant chemistry of the nutrient nitrogen.

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Active Memory There are many scenarios that could result in an active memory for plants. The focus of this balancing procedure centers around the effect of stressful events on plants, however it is possible that you could be working with a belief system (from human interaction) or fears. Plants have several different forms of memory including short-term memory, immune memory, and even transgenerational memory. However, it is becoming more apparent that plants are much more complex than we thought. Plants have feelings or so it seems. Cleve Backster, former CIA interrogation specialist, connected polygraph sensors to plants and discovered some groundbreaking information including the idea that plants react to harm. (Makes you think about the common practice of mowing the lawn.) What is even more interesting is that he found plants also respond to negative thoughts from the humans around them. He talks about an idea he had to attach his polygraph electrodes to a plant in his office to see if the plant responded to a threat. He decided he would light a match to one of the leaves to see what happened, and to his surprise that plant didn’t wait for him to light the match, it reacted to his thought about lighting a match. Through further research he also showed that plants mourned the death of things within their environment, they strongly disliked people who killed plants carelessly, and that they fondly remembered and extended their energy out to people who grow and tend to them. The Active Memory technique will come up quite often when dealing with plants.42 42 Love K. Science Proves Plants Feel Pain and Have Telepathy. Spirit Science. http://thespiritscience.net/2014/05/31/science-proves-plantsfeel-pain-and-have-telepathy/. May 2014. June 2014.

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BodyTalk for Plants Experience Lynn Teachworth, a BodyTalk Instructor from Florida was in town teaching BodyTalk Fundamentals in Los Angeles and the whole class came back to my house afterwards to have a Memorial Day BBQ. As we were grilling, my housemate and I showed Lynn our new jasmine plants that despite watering, fertilizer, Cortices and even the daily whispering of sweet words and songs just refused to grow! Lynn tuned in to do a BodyTalk session and found that the plants had some grief because they missed the man that used to take care of them at the store where we purchased them. Lynn tapped out the formula and by the next day the plants were starting to spread their little jasmine legs up the wall, and in a couple of weeks, the plants covered the whole fence. Surprisingly, a pumpkin and a watermelon seed we had planted across the garden (and had given up on) suddenly sprang up as well. How did he do that?! Neighbors would constantly stop at our fence and marvel at our garden that year. That is the power of BodyTalk for Plants. Lauren Brim Advanced Certified BodyTalk Practitioner Santa Monica, CA

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There are many scenarios that could result in an active memory for plants. Use your detective skills to help narrow down the issue. The following suggestions maybe helpful:

To expand on a few of these ideas here are some possible scenarios:

1. Life Time Periods: pollination, fertilization, seed

because of a past experience when the dog was a puppy and chewed on the stem of the tree.

formation, seed dispersal, germination, growth, or a period of drought, bad weather.

2. Past Relationships: with past owners (poor pruning

strategies, kids ripping leaves), or past animals, or a threatening insect species from the past.

3. Specific Events: • Time: within this season, last year. • Event: past or present. • Person: owners, kids, neighbors.

• The plant may be stressed at the sight of the family dog

• Another situation may involve a group of plants that

were started in a greenhouse and the chemical that was sprayed combined with being knocked over from carelessness all occurring during the germination stage.

• Maybe the priority is an active memory release from the

land surrounding the plant that contains the emotional content of a murder or other type of traumatic event.

The focus for this technique is to release the active memory event while tapping.

• Animals: wild or pets. • Place: greenhouse where they were ‘born’, place in

the garden, the land or buildings around the plant.

• Object: clippers, lawn mower, ornaments, sports equipment, cement blocks.

• Activity: pruning, watering, spraying chemicals. • Emotions: joy/sadness, worry, grief, fear, anger.

Lilu13. American Bulldog Puppy. iStock. Thinkstock. Getty Images. 469718785.

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BodyTalk for Plants

Example 20 (Assume you have asked through the Protocol and arrived at Active Memory.) Is Active Memory a priority? Yes Details a priority? Yes More Specific? Yes Life Time Period? Yes Further More Specific? Yes Period of major drought? Yes Further More Specific? No Further Details? No Link? Yes Link to Active Memory? No Forward on the chart? No Backward? Yes Plant Chemistry? No Matrixes? No Environment? Yes

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Details? Yes More Specific? Yes General Environment? No Vivaxis? Yes Further More Specific? Yes Environmental Vivaxis? Yes Further More Specific? Yes Now find the factor. Sun? Yes Further More Specific? No Further Details? No Link? No Implementation? Yes Tap Out? Yes In this example you have an Active Memory from a period of major drought linked to an Environmental Vivaxis to the Sun.

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Circulation There are two types of vessels in plants xylem and phloem. Xylem – take water and mineral ions from the roots to the stem and leaves. Phloem – take inorganic substances and sugars from the leaves to the parts of the plant for storage. For the purpose of this course we are focusing on the circulation of two key substances: water and sap. The Hydration technique covers the circulation and utilization of water, in this section we are mainly concerned with the circulation of sap. There are two types of sap: Xylem sap and Phloem sap. When this comes up as a priority the main goal is to determine if you are working with xylem sap circulation (from the roots up to the leaves) or phloem sap circulation (from the leaves to other parts of the plant). In the case of xylem sap it will simply be a focus on improving this type of circulation. In phloem sap you will need to determine “to where” you are improving the circulation (remember the phloem sap takes sap from the leaves to other parts of the plant).

Example 21 (Assume you have asked through the Protocol and arrived at Circulation.) Circulation a priority? Yes Details a priority? Yes More Specific a priority? Yes Xylem sap? Yes Further More Specific? No Further Details? No Link? No Implementation? Yes Tap Out? Yes In this example you have the xylem sap circulation as the priority.

Yanikap. Drop of resin. iStock. Thinkstock. Getty Images. 467019709.

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BodyTalk for Plants

Example 22 (Assume you have asked through the Protocol and arrived at Circulation.) Circulation a priority? Yes Details a priority? Yes More Specific a priority? Yes Xylem sap? No Phloem sap? Yes Further More Specific? Yes Find the plant part that you will be focusing the sap circulation to. Plant Parts? Yes Further More Specific? Yes Cells? No Tissues? No Vegetative Organs? Yes Further More Specific? Yes Leaves? No Stem? No Roots? Yes Further More Specific? No Further Details? No Link? No Implementation? Yes Tap Out? Yes In this example the phloem sap circulation is linking to the roots. This book belongs to Member: 61715

Spreading This is a procedural concept that may come up during a session or at the end of a session that indicates you may need to spread the session to the entire matrix or a part of the matrix. If this does come up before you tap out any given formula, focus on spreading it while you are tapping out. If it comes up at the end of a session you may have to tap again with the focus of spreading the session you just completed to the entire matrix or portion thereof.

Appendix

Appendix

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Plant Classification Bryophytes: Non-Vascular Plants (Plant Classification) Bryophytes are small, herbaceous plants that grow closely-packed together in mats or cushions on rocks and soil, or on the trunks and leaves of trees. These simple plants do not produce true roots, stems, or leaves. Instead, they produce simple leaf-like above-ground tissues called thali (singular - thallus), and an underground structure, known as a rhizoid. In mosses, the rhizoids are tiny hair-like fibers that serve to hold the plant in place. •

Because they lack true roots, bryophytes require contact with water so they can absorb it directly into their above-ground tissues. Mineral nutrients dissolved in the water are also absorbed directly into the bryophytes' "leaves." Because each leaf must come into contact with water, bryophytes stay small and grow close to the ground or on other water-collecting surfaces, such as tree limbs.

•

Like all plants, bryophytes carry out photosynthesis to produce the sugars they need for energy. But unlike vascular plants, bryophytes lack both the vascular xylem tissue necessary to transport water, and the phloem tissue necessary to transport these photosynthetic products throughout the plant.

•

Though they are small and relatively uncomplicated physiologically, bryophytes play a vital role in regulating ecosystems:

Mosses Liverworts Hornwarts

•

Bryophytes are good indicators of habitat quality as many plant species in this group are sensitive to levels of moisture in the atmosphere.

•

The presence of bryophytes benefits other plants living alongside them. Some species of mosses can absorb and hold up to seven times their weight in water, which will slowly evaporate into the atmosphere, keeping the environment moist between rainfalls. Some bryophytes produce nutrients that are passed to the soil and can be utilized by other plants.

•

Some bryophyte species are amongst the first to colonise open ground. The presence of bryophytes helps maintain the cohesion of the land by reducing the risk of soil erosion.

•

Bryophytes are also very important to animals. Their leaf-like tissues provide shelter to insects, and many species of birds use mosses as building material for their nests.

Like all land plants, the bryophyte life cycle is a two-part process known as alternation of generations, or the haploid-diploid cycle. This means that plants alternate between two different stages of development - the Sporophyte generation and the Gametophyte generation.

Bryophyte Life Cycle

The first reproductive phase of a bryophyte's life is the sporophyte phase. The sporophyte consists of a stalk called a seta and a single spore-producing capsule called a sporangium. Inside the sporangium, haploid spores are produced by meiosis. These spores are released into the environment, most commonly by wind, and if they land in a suitably moist environment, develop into a haploid gametophyte, this beginning the gametophyte phase of the plant's life cycle. The gametophyte develops gamete-producing organs: the male antheridia, which produces sperm, and the female archegonia, which produces eggs. Sperm have flagella and must swim from antheridia to archegonia in order to fertilize the eggs. Fertilized eggs become zygotes, which develop into sporophyte embryos inside the archegonia. Bryophytes are gametophyte dominant, meaning that they spend the greater portion of their life cycle as the haploid gametophyte. The gametophyte structure produces the thallus and rhizome. The diploid sporophytes develop only occasionally and remain attached to and nutritionally dependent on the gametophyte.

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Appendix

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Vascular Seedless Plants These plants contain true vascular tissue (xylem and phloem), and can thus grow quite tall because these tissues provide an effective way to transport the water and food necessary to sustain increased stem growth and more leaves. Vascular tissue also provides stability and strength to the plant body.

Vascular seedless plants also have a haploid-diploid life cycle, and reproduce with spores rather than seeds. In the sporophyte phase, spores are developed and released. These spores will grow into gametophytes. The three types of vascular seedless plants are ferns, clubmosses and horsetails.

Vascular Seedless Plants (Plant Classification)

Ferns

In ferns, the multicellular sporophyte is what is commonly recognized as a fern plant. The fern stem is a modified stem structure called a rhizome, which develops and remains underground in some cases. Leaves grow upward from the top side of the rhizome, while the roots grown downward from the bottom. The leaves, which comprise the visible above-ground portion of the plant, are called fronds. Spores develop in tiny spore cases on the underside of mature fronds. When the spores are released, wind and water carry them great distances. If a spore lands in moist, shaded soil, it will develop into a gametophyte, which will produce eggs and flagellated sperm cells. As with the bryophytes, a moist environment is essential to allow for the sperm to swim toward the eggs. Another method of reproduction utilized by ferns is clonal spreading, or vegetative reproduction. During the sporophyte phase of the fern's life cycle, the underground rhizomes are capable of sprouting new sporophyte plants which are genetically identical to the parent plant. Huge colonies of ferns have been found that are made up of thousands of cloned plants called ramets.

Clubmosses Horsetails

Clubmosses look like a small branch of a pine tree. They usually grow in moist woodlands or near streams. Horsetails have long, coarse, needle-like branches that grow in a circle around each joint. They have reproductive processes similar to ferns. These are ancient plant types with few remaining living species.

Notes

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Vascular Seed-Bearing Plants (Plant Classification) Gymnosperms Reproduction: Conifers typically produce their seeds in woody cones; although there are variations (see Juniper and Yew). Conifers are monoecious, meaning that a single tree produces both male and female cones. Conifers are wind-pollinated - the wind carries pollen from male cones to female cones. Once the pollen reaches the ovules, it grows a pollen tube and delivers sperm to the egg. Conifers

Seed Dispersal: Some conifers have seeds with flattened wing-like structures that help them catch flight for wind dispersal. Other species have fleshy cones and other structures that attract animals like birds and squirrels which eat the cones and scatter the seeds in their feces. There is tremendous diversity amongst the conifers with species-specific variations on such features as leaf/needle anatomy and reproductive structures and strategies. In Canada alone there are seven species of cypress, thirty-five species of pine, and three species of cedar, each with unique characteristics, preferred climate, nutrient and soil conditions, and adaptive strategies. Reproduction: Cycads produce seed cones and are dioecious - female plants produce only female cones and male plants produce only male cones. Cycad sperm have flagella and can swim - cycads and ginkgo are the only seed plants with swimming sperm. Cycads have very specialized pollinators, usually a specific species of beetle, which are attracted to the scent and heat of the pollen.

Cycads

Seed Dispersal: Animals disperse the large, brightly coloured cycad seeds. In Africa, elephants eat the whole cone of some cycads and then disperse the seeds in their dung. Human Interaction: Cycads grow very slowly and their numbers are dwindling due to habitat destruction and over-harvesting by humans. Reproduction: Ginkgos are capable of sexual and asexual (vegetative) reproduction. Ginkgos are also dioecious, meaning some trees develop male reproductive structures while other trees are female. Male plants produce small cones, while female plants do not produce cones. Two ovules are formed at the end of a stalk, and after pollination, one or both develop into seeds. The seeds are contained in a fleshy, fruit-like coating.

Ginkgos

Ginkgos are also capable of vegetative reproduction, sprouting new shoots from buds near the base of the trunk in response to disturbances, such as soil erosion. Old individual ginkgos can produce aerial roots on the undersides of large branches in response to disturbances such as crown damage. These roots can establish themselves upon contacting the soil, producing new clonal individual plants. Human Interaction: Though the fleshy outer covering of ginkgo seeds has an objectionable odor comparable to vomit, the inner part of the seed has nutritive and medicinal properties. In China, ginkgos have long been cultivated for their seeds, and the ginkgo leaves have medicinal applications.

Gnetum

Perhaps the most well-known of the Gnetum is Ephedra, also known as Mormon Tea or by the Chinese name Ma Huang. Ephedra produces the alkaloids ephedrine and pseudoephedrine which have stimulant and decongestant properties and are chemically related to amphetamines. Ephedra has traditionally been used by indigenous people for a variety of medicinal purposes, including treatment of asthma, hay fever, and the common cold.

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Appendix

A Note About Trees: Deciduous, Evergreen and Semi-Evergreen In addition to deciduous and evergreen varieties of trees, there are also bushes, shrubs, flowers and grasses which are considered semi-evergreen. These plants have adapted strategies to conserve or shed their leaves to gain a survival advantage in response to climate or environmental conditions. Some semi-evergreen trees keep their leaves in mild winters, but lose them in severe ones. There are others which hold their leaves over the cold weather and then shed them in late winter or early spring, with new leaves budding almost immediately. Most of these semi-evergreens live in woodland understories and edges where sunlight is less available. By holding onto their leaves all winter, they take advantage of the increased sunlight that becomes available as the deciduous trees lose their leaves. Some semi-evergreens keep their leaves for a year or more and then drop them during droughts or other difficult situations. Another reason a plant may employ the semievergreen strategy is to reduce its insect load. By losing most of its leaves, and not putting new ones out right away, a plant reduces the food available for the insects that feed on it.

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Plant Parts: More Specific

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Appendix

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Vegetative Organs Roots (Vegetative Organs) Structure (Further More Specific)

Function (Definition: Physiology)

Primary Root

The embryonic root structure that is first to emerge from the seed during germination, also called the radicle. It functions to get the newly-emerged plant established and anchored into the soil, and begins absorbing nutrients to nourish the developing stem.

Root Tip

A small region of tissue called Apical Meristem, which produces growth in length through rapid cell division at the tips of roots and stems. This area can also be referred to as the growing point.

Root Cap

The protective structure that covers and protects the apical meristem. The specialized cells of the root cap also produce slippery molecules that help the root slide through the soil, and which encourage the growth of bacteria in the rhizosphere that are beneficial to the plant.

Taproot

In most dicots, the primary root develops into the taproot, a single, large thick root that extends deep into the soil. As the taproot grows it will develop thin lateral or branch roots. Functions: plant anchorage, water and nutrient absorption and nutrient storage.

Fibrous Roots

Fibrous root systems are common to most monocots and trees. They also begin with the emergence of a primary root or radicle, but the radicle dies during or immediately after germination, and is replaced by numerous, similarly sized adventitious roots that form and project from the base of the stem into the soil. Functions: absorption of water and nutrients, anchoring the plant, anchoring the soil, preventing soil erosion.

Lateral or Branch Roots

Lateral or branch roots are thin roots that develop and grow off taproots and fiberous roots. Function: to expand the available surface area of the root, which increases the root system's ability to take up water and nutrients from the ground.

Epidermis

The epidermis is the outermost cellular layer that covers the whole plant structure. The root epidermis is adapted to allow for water and mineral nutrients to pass through into the root tissues. Function: to protect the root body while allowing water and nutrients to enter.

Root Hairs

Single cell epidermal projections that extend off all root surfaces, further increasing the surface area with the soil. Function: to absorb water and nutrients from the soil.

Rhizosphere

The region of the soil that immediately surrounds, is enclosed by, and in contact with, the roots of plants. The rhizosphere contains many bacteria that feed on sloughed-off plant cells, and the proteins and sugars released via the roots. Protozoa and nematodes that graze on bacteria can also be found in the rhizosphere. These microorganisms are responsible for much of the nutrient cycling needed by plants, and also play an integral role in disease suppression.

Bulk soil

Soil which is near a plant but not directly part of its rhizosphere.

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Root Adaptations (Vegetative Organs) Structure (Further More Specific)

Function (Definition: Physiology)

Storage Roots

Root structures that grow bulky to store food and water, e.g. carrots and beets.

Storage Tubers

A modified, enlarged and specialized root structure that is used to store starch, e.g. the sweet potato, begonia and dahlia. Tuberous roots cluster together at the bottom of the stem.

Prop Roots

A type of adventitious root that extends from the stem to provide additional support for tall, heavy plants that might have a shallow fibrous root system, e.g. corn.

Aerial Roots

•

Form when seeds germinate on the branches of other trees, and the growing plant forms roots that wrap around the tree branch. Aerial roots may grow all the way down until they reach the ground, and sometimes they strangle the host plant.

•

Buttress roots are a type of large aerial root that support tall trees in tropics where the soil is very shallow.

•

Velamen is a root covering grown by plants such as orchids that grow high in trees. The epidermal cells of the velamen are thick and modified to be very absorptive, allowing the plant to capture water and minerals from the air.

Breathing Roots

Also known as pneumatophores, these roots help supply oxygen to plants that grow in very wet areas like swamps. These roots act like snorkel tubes for the plant, rising up above the surface of the water so that the plant can "breathe" e.g. mangroves and bald cypress.

Haustorial Roots

Haustoria are special root organs that develop in species of flowering parasitic plants. Parasitic plants obtain some or all of their nutritional requirements from another living plant. The haustoria root organs connect the parasitic plant to the vascular system of the host plant, allowing the parasitic plant to extract water and nutrients from the host, e.g. mistletoes, European dodder.

Notes

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Appendix

Herbaceous Stems (Vegetative Organs) Structure (Further More Specific)

Function (Definition: Physiology)

Bud

A bud is the primary growing point of a stem. Buds form at the tips and along the stems of growing plants. Once formed a bud may remain dormant, or it may form a shoot immediately. Buds can be either vegetative (producing stems or leaves) or reproductive (producing cones or flowers).

Terminal Bud

Buds located at the tip of stems. Apical meristem tissue located at the tip of the bud contains cells which divide rapidly and elongate, resulting in growth in length of the stem. Function: new tissue growth and elongation of the plant stem.

Axillary Buds

Buds containing lateral growth tissues, which develop at points along the stem. Axillary buds may produce new branches or leaves, or in angiosperms they may produce flowers. Structures produced by the axillary buds grow laterally away from the main stem.

Adventitious Buds

Buds containing growth tissue which form on the lower trunk of established plants, or on roots. Stems which grow from adventitious buds on trunks will grow upward. Roots which grow from adventitious buds will grow downward.

Notes

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Herbaceous Stems Continued (Vegetative Organs) Structure (Further More Specific)

Function (Definition: Physiology)

Nodes & Internodes

Stems are divided into nodes and internodes. The nodes hold buds which grow into one or more leaves, conifer cones, adventitious roots, other stems, or flowers. Each plant stem has many nodes. The internodes distance one node from another.

Intercalary Meristem

The intercalary meristems are growth regions which occur only in monocot stems (particularly grass) at the base of nodes and leaf blades. Intercalary meristems are capable of rapid cell division, and allow for rapid growth and regrowth of many monocots, even if the apical meristem growth point is removed. The intercalary meristem is what makes it possible for grasses to re-grow quickly after being mown or grazed down. Herbivorous plants that do not have intercalary meristems will not be able to re-grow until the next season if their apical meristem tissue regions are removed.

Epidermis

The epidermis is the outermost cellular layer which covers the whole plant structure in herbaceous plants, and during the herbaceous (primary) growth phase of woody plants. (As a woody plant grows wider, the epidermis layer will be replaced by a layer of cork.) Functions: protects the plant body from water loss, regulates gas exchange, and secretes metabolic compounds.

Cuticle

A waxy, waterproof layer that covers the epidermis of herbaceous stems. Functions: to protect plant tissues from moisture loss, UV radiation, infestation, desiccation, etc. The cuticle also provides some structural support.

Stomata

A stoma is an opening (pore) in the epidermis of stems and leaves through which gas and water can enter and exit the plant body. Epidermal cells can produce tiny hairs (known as trichomes) on the exterior of stems and leaves. Trichomes come in many forms, including hairs, spines, stinging hairs, or glands that give plant leaves a distinctive texture. Functions of stem hairs include:

Stem Hairs

•

To discourage grazing by small and large herbivores.

•

To protect the stem tissues from damaging frost.

•

To reduce evaporation from stem tissues in windy areas.

•

In hot, dry habitats, dense coatings of hair protect stem tissue from UV damage.

•

To trap water that falls onto the plant from rain, mist etc.

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Appendix

Woody plants will begin their growth process with the same or similar anatomical features as herbaceous plants. However, as they increase in width, they develop the following:

Woody Stems (Vegetative Organs) Structure (Further More Specific)

Function (Definition: Physiology)

Bud Scales

The buds of most woody plants, especially those in temperate climates, are protected by a covering of modified leaves called scales. The shield-like scales tightly enclose and protect the delicate stem tissue, embryonic leaf, or flower structures within, until conditions are suitable for growth. Many bud scales are covered by a gummy substance which serves as added protection.

Terminal Bud Scale Scars

Leaf Scars & Bundle Scars

As new stem structure grows from a terminal bud, terminal bud scars remain at the point from which the new stem growth began. The scars leave marks that encircle the stem. On deciduous woody plants (plants that drop their leaves in fall/autumn), leaf scars show where the leaves used to be attached to the stem. Within them are also bundle scars, which show where the vascular tissue of the fallen leaf was severed from the vascular bundle of the stem.

Sapwood

Wood tissue which still has functional vascular tissues and is actively growing. The soft inner bark carries food from the leaves and needles to all living parts of the stem. Function: the sapwood carries water from the roots up to the leaves/needles. As the tree grows, old inner layers of sapwood die and become heartwood.

Heartwood

Non-living wood tissues that no longer transport water or minerals but still provide strength to the stem. Heartwood is impregnated with chemicals called resins and tannins which help prevent infection and infestation.

Cork

The outermost layer of a woody stem. Cork cells develop as woody stems undergo the process of secondary growth, adding bulk and increasing their girth. The epidermal layer from the herbaceous growth phase will peel away and be replaced by the cork layer. Function: cork provides protection against dehydration, fire, damage from parasites, herbivorous animals and diseases. Cork can contain antiseptics like tannins that protect against fungal and bacterial attacks that would cause decay.

Bark

Bark is what we commonly refer to as the outermost layer of the stems of woody plants however it is a general term for a number of different tissues including cork. The rhytidome is the most familiar part of bark. It is the rough outer layer that covers the trunks of trees. Function: the tough, outer bark protects the tree from heat, cold, moisture loss and injury.

Notes

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Stem Adaptations Stem tissues are modified and adapted in numerous ways:

• Modified stems store nutrients, which provide the plant with the energy it needs to grow, bloom and complete its life cycle.

• Modified stem structures are utilized for vegetative

reproduction (asexual reproduction through cloning), allowing a single plant to re-grow itself if its aboveground stem structures are damaged or killed, and providing a means by which a single plant can colonize the area around itself with numerous genetic clones.

Stem Adaptations (Vegetative Organs) Structure (Further More Specific)

Function (Definition: Physiology)

Stolon

Also known as runners, stolons are colonizing organs that arise from the axillary bud near the base of the plant and produce horizontal, above-ground shoots. A mother plant produces stolons, often in several directions, cloning itself by producing young ramets (baby plants genetically identical to the mother plant) that are initially connected to and given nutrients from the stolon. As the new plant develops its own root system and becomes nutritionally independent, the stolon connecting it to the mother plant will deteriorate. The mother plant will eventually be surrounded by baby plants, colonizing new ground or crowding out existing species.

Many plants that form above-ground stolons also form below-ground rhizomes, which are essentially underground stems. Rhizomes grow horizontally just below the soil surface, and are another means of vegetative reproduction, able to produce axillary buds that sprout and grow above ground, generating new plants. Rhizome

Plants also use the rhizome structure to store starches, proteins and other nutrients. These nutrients become useful for the plant when new shoots must be formed or when the above-ground portion of the plant dies back for the winter. Rhizomal systems are quite resilient because though foragers, insects, fungus and forest fires may destroy the above-ground portion of the plant, the underground rhizome is somewhat protected from these threats and can re-grow the above-ground stem structure.

Corm

Corms are modified stem structures used to store food. Corm tissue will be used up by the plant by the end of the growing season; however, sometimes several new corms will form and replace the mother corm. The new corms contain the food reserves that will be required for the dormant plant when it is time to grow again, e.g. crocus.

Stem Tuber

A thickened underground branch of the stem that is used to store food in the form of starch. A potato is an example of a stem tuber. The "eyes" of the potato are actually buds, or "growing points", that are capable of producing new roots and shoots. Tubers do not produce new tubers; they just grow larger and produce more growing points.

Tendril

A tendril is a specialized stem, leaf or petiole with a threadlike shape that is used by climbing plants for support, attachment and cellular invasion by parasitic plants, generally by twining around suitable hosts. They do not produce a leaf blade, but they can photosynthesize. They can be formed from modified shoots, modified leaves, or auxiliary branches. This book belongs to Member: 61715

Appendix

Leaves

Basic Leaf Types (Leaves) Simple

Simple leaves have a single leaf blade attached by a petiole to the axil of the stem.

Compound

The leaf is divided into multiple leaflets.

Monocotyledon

Monocot leaves exhibit multiple major veins that run along the length of the leaf, parallel to each other. This system is known as parallel, or striate, venation.

Dicotyledon

Dicot leaves contain several auxiliary veins that arise as branches from the major veins, forming a network across the lamina. As they branch, the veins grow smaller in size. This system is known as net, or reticulate, venation.

Notes

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General Leaf Structures (Leaves) Structure (Further More Specific)

Function (Definition: Physiology)

Leaf

An outgrowth of a plant that grows from a node on the stem. Most leaves are flat and contain chloroplasts, and their main function is to convert thermal energy from the sun into chemical energy (food) through the process of photosynthesis.

Axil

The angle between the upper side of the stem and a leaf, branch, or petiole.

Axillary Bud

A vegetative leaf bud that develops in the axil.

Node

The part of the stem from which the leaf or branch grows.

Internode

The area of the stem between any two adjacent nodes.

Leaf Epidermis

The outer protective layer of cells that cover and protect the leaf.

Cuticle

The waxy, water-repelling layer on the outer surface of a leaf that helps keep it from drying out and protects it from invading bacteria, insects, and fungi. The cuticle is secreted by the epidermis and is often thinner on the underside of leaves. The cuticle is generally thicker on plants that live in dry environments.

Stomata

The leaf epidermis is covered with pores known as stomata (singular - stoma), which provide openings in the cuticle through which gases and water vapor can pass between the outside air and the interior of the leaf. Epidermal cells can produce tiny hairs (known as trichomes) on the exterior of stems and leaves. Trichomes come in many forms, including hairs, spines, stinging hairs, or glands that give plant leaves a distinctive texture. Functions of leaf hairs include:

Leaf Hairs

•

To discourage grazing by small and large herbivores.

•

To protect the leaf tissues from damaging frost.

•

To reduce evaporation from leaf tissues in windy areas.

•

In hot, dry habitats, dense coatings of hair protect leaf tissue from UV damage.

•

To trap water that falls onto the plant from rain, mist etc.

Notes

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Appendix

Angiosperm Leaves (Leaves) Structure (Further More Specific)

Function (Definition: Physiology)

Blade or Lamina

The broad, flat, expanded portion of the leaf.

Veins

Veins provide support for the leaf and transport water and minerals (via xylem) into the leaf, and food energy (via phloem) from the leaf to the rest of the plant.

Margin

The outer rim of the leaf blade. The shape and features of the margin are used to classify different plant species.

Midrib

The central vein of a leaf - it is usually continuous with the petiole.

Auxiliary or Lateral Vein

Smaller veins which branch off the midrib, sometimes connecting to form a network. This arrangement of veins on the lamina of the leaf is known as venation. Venation is another feature used to classify plant species.

Petiole

The stalk of the leaf that connects the leaf to the stem.

Stipules

Some plants have a pair of leaf-like appendages called stipules at the base of the petiole.

Leaflet

A leaf-like part of a compound leaf. Though it resembles an entire leaf, a leaflet is not connected to the main plant stem or branch, as the leaf blade, but grows from the extended petiole of the main leaf. Compound leaves are common in many plant families. The two main classes of compound leaf morphology are palmate and pinnate.

Rachis

An extended petiole of a pinnately compound leaf, upon which leaflets are attached.

Petiolule

The stalk that attaches the leaflet to the rachis on a compound leaf.

Gymnosperm Leaves (Leaves) Structure (Further More Specific)

Function (Definition: Physiology)

Leaves of gymnospermous plants are extremely variable. Among the conifers, variations include: Conifers

Whorl

Scale-like: Mature leaves common on most junipers and arborvitae Awl-shaped: Juvenile leaves common on some junipers. Linear-shaped: Narrow flat needles of spruce, fir, and yews. Needle-like: In pine, needles are produced either as single needles, as a bundle, or in a cluster of needles which make a rounded shape. Most conifer seeds grow in a ring around the branch stem.

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Leaf Adaptations (Leaves) Structure (Further More Specific)

Function (Definition: Physiology)

Tendrils

Stems and leaves can produce tendrils, which are used by climbing plants for support and attachment.

Reproductive Leaves

Leaves that are capable of reproducing asexually by producing tiny plantlets along their edges. The plantlets fall off the leaves and grow into new individual plants.

Bulbs

Clusters of modified leaf scales which have a fleshy base used to store food. True bulbs have a fully formed plant within the bulb. If you were to slice open a tulip bulb, you would find a small baby tulip complete with flowers, stems, leaves and roots.

Spines

Spines protect plants from grazers and reduce water loss. The sharp spines on a cactus are the only leaves they produce.

Bracts

Leaves that are modified either to protect another plant part (such as the flower or seeds) or to attract pollinators. The red "flowers" on a Poinsettia plant are actually bracts, with the actual flower clustered in the center.

Succulent Leaves

Succulent plants have thick, fleshy leaves that are modified for water storage, e.g. aloe vera has thick succulent leaves that are filled with moist, sticky sap.

Cones and Flowers

Both cones and flowers are modified leaf structures which evolved to perform specific reproductive functions. Petals and cone scales still have flat leaf-like structures that suggest their evolutionary origins.

Notes

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Reproductive Organs Vascular Seedless Plants: Spores (Reproductive Organs) Structure (Further More Specific)

Function (Definition: Physiology)

Spores

A reproductive cell that is capable of growing into a new organism or structure without uniting with another cell. Spores are single-celled and are produced in structures called sporangia through the process of meiosis, or cell division. Under favorable conditions, the spore can develop into a new organism using mitotic division, producing a multicellular gametophyte, which eventually goes on to produce gametes. Two gametes fuse to form a zygote which develops into a new sporophyte. This cycle is known as alteration of generations.

Sporangium

Tiny spore cases located on the underside of mature fern fronds in which spores develop.

Gametophyte

The haploid multicellular phase of the life cycle of a sperm that develops from a spore. The gametophyte produces male and female gametes (sperm and eggs) by mitotic division which produce gametes. In mosses, the gametophyte form is the visibly dominant phase of its life. In ferns, the gametophyte exists as an independent plant body that goes on to produce a new sporophyte. In all other plants, the gametophyte phase is microscopic and internal.

Notes

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Vascular Seed-Bearing Plants: Seeds (Reproductive Organs) Structure (Further More Specific)

Function (Definition: Physiology)

A structure which contains a plant embryo enclosed in a seed coat along with a food source. Seeds contain the following embryonic structures:

Seed

Seedling

Cotyledons

•

The plumule, which bears the young leaf primordia at its tip which will become the shoot upon germination.

•

The hypocotyl, the embryonic stem structure that forms the stem-root transition zone between the emerging plumule and the radicle (primary root).

•

Cotyledons: seed leaves which are attached to the embryonic stem.

•

The radicle, the basal tip of the hypocotyl which grows into the primary root.

•

Angiosperm seeds contain a nutritive tissue called endosperm.

•

Leaves begin as tiny leaf primordia; tiny embryo leaves within the buds of stems. Terminal buds may also contain leaf primordia, tiny fully formed embryo leaves that are ready to expand and grow when the bud opens.

A young plant which develops out of the plant embryo from the seed at germination. A typical seedling has four main parts: the radicle (embryonic root), the hypocotyl (embryonic shoot or stem), the plumule, bearing the leaf primordia, and embryonic seed leaves called cotyledons. Embryonic leaves contained within the seeds of angiosperms and gymnosperms. The number of cotyledons a plant produces is one characteristic used by botanists to classify flowering plants. Monocots have one cotyledon, and dicots have two. There are some angiosperm species which have none, referred to as acotyledons. Gymnosperm seedlings also have cotyledons, but the number varies from 2 to 24, arranged in a whorl around the embryonic stem. Cotyledons provide stored food that is used to nourish the developing plant. These stores may be used up within days after the seedling emerges, or they may endure for a year or more as part of the leaf structure. Cotyledons will wither and fall off once the store of food they contain is utilized.

Notes

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Appendix

Gymnosperms: Conifers: Cones (Reproductive Organs) Structure (Further More Specific)

Function (Definition: Physiology)

Modified leaf structures called sporophylls in some gymnosperms are spirally arranged into structures called strobili, or cones. Cones

Gymnosperm Seed

Gymnosperms produce spores that grow into gametophytes, usually inside of a cone. Conifers produce cones containing only either male or female gametophytes. After sexual reproduction occurs, seeds develop in the cones. The structure which contains the embryo of a new genetically unique conifer, which is produced and borne on a modified leaf scale or in a female cone. Gymnosperms do not produce ovaries, and therefore their seeds do not develop inside a protective structure like those of an angiosperm. Gymnosperms produce embryos with multiple cotyledons.

Angiosperms: Seeds (Reproductive Organs) Structure (Further More Specific)

Function (Definition: Physiology)

Angiosperm Seed

The structure which contains a new plant embryo along with nutritive tissue called endosperm which feeds the initial development of that embryo, covered by a sturdy protective seed coat. The seeds of each plant group differ in the number of cotyledons as well as in the amount and type of nutritive tissue each contains.

Endosperm

A nutritive tissue produced inside the seeds of most flowering plants around the time of fertilization. It surrounds the embryo and provides nutrition in the form of starch, though it can also contain oils and protein. In many angiosperms, the endosperm develops into the fruit of the plant. Thus, the protected seed is often found within a fruit.

Dicot Seeds

Produce seeds containing an embryo with two cotyledons. Some dicots use the cotyledons as nutrition for the developing embryo, while others use endosperm tissue.

Monocot Seeds

Produce seeds containing an embryo with only one cotyledon that uses endosperm as food. Like dicots, monocot embryos have a plumule and a radicle. However, in monocots the plumule is enclosed in a tubular structure called the coleoptile, and the radicle is enclosed in the coleorrhiza. Monocot embryos have only one thin, leaf-like cotyledon.

Pit

A protective hardened shell that contains and protects a seed in a type of fruit called a drupe.

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Angiosperms: Flowers (Reproductive Organs) Structure (Further More Specific)

Function (Definition: Physiology)

Flower Bud

A bud that produces only a flower.

Peduncle

Located at the base of the flower, the peduncle is the stalk that supports the flower and from which the flower grows.

Receptacle

As the peduncle produces a flower bud or cluster of buds, it swells to form the base of the flower, which is called the receptacle. Other parts of the flower, such as the petals, grow in whorls (rings) around the receptacle.

Sepals

The outermost whorl of parts that grow from the receptacle are the sepals. Sepals are petal-like structures that are often green. The entire whorl of sepals is called the calyx. When the flower bud is closed, the calyx helps protect the rest of the flower. Sometimes, sepals have bright colours and look like petals. (When the sepals and petals look identical, some botanists refer to both structures as tepals).

Petals

The next whorl of parts is the petals. All the petals together are called the corolla. Plants modify their corollas to attract different pollinators, accounting for the tremendous diversity of flower shapes, colours and patterns.

Perianth

The petals and the sepals together form the perianth of the flower.

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Angiosperms: Flowers Continued (Reproductive Organs) Structure (Further More Specific)

Function (Definition: Physiology)

Within the petals, flowers have a whorl of male parts called stamens. Flowers can have few or many stamens. Each stamen has two parts: Stamen

Androecium

•

Anthers: small bags of pollen at the tips of the stamen, which contain sporangia, and produce spores which develop into pollen grains containing male sperm cells.

•

Filaments: the slender stalks that support the anthers.

The entire whorl of male parts is called the androecium. The most central whorl within the flower consists of the female carpels - green, vase-like structures. In many flowers, more than one carpel fuses together to form a compound carpel, also called a pistil. Each carpel or pistil has three parts:

Carpels Stigma Style

Ovary

Stigma: the tip of the pistil, where pollination occurs when pollen grains land on the stigma. Style: the long, tubular part of the pistil. Pollen grains must pass down through long tubes through the style in order to reach the base of the pistil. Ovary: the swollen base of the pistil, in which there are chambers that contain one or more ovules. When the sperm from the pollen grains reaches the ovules, fertilization occurs, and the ovules will develop into seeds. Ovaries with one chamber with a single ovule are called simple ovaries, while those with multiple chambers and ovules are compound ovaries.

Gynoecium

The entire whorl of female parts is called the gynoecium.

Dicot Flowers

Typically have flower parts occurring in fours and fives, or multiples of fours and fives.

Monocot Flowers

Typically have flower parts in threes or multiples of threes.

Flower Arrangements Inflorescence Pedicels

Flowers can be solitary or clustered along a single stem or a series of stems. There are numerous variations. Of note is an inflorescence: a cluster of flowers which are produced along a single stem, with each flower attached to the main peduncle by small stems called pedicels. Leaves may grow from the base of the entire inflorescence, or at the base of each flower, or both. There are several different types of inflorescence, and multiple fruits grow from an inflorescence flower arrangement.

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Angiosperms: Fruit (Reproductive Organs) Structure (Further More Specific)

Function (Definition: Physiology)

As the ovary ripens into the fruit, three separate regions develop:

Skin Exocarp Endocarp Mesocarp Pericarp Fruit Hairs (Trichomes)

1. The skin of the ovary becomes the exocarp, or outside of the fruit. 2. The innermost layer of the ovary that is closest to the ovules develops into the endocarp, or inner boundary around the seeds. 3. The mesocarp is all the tissue between the exocarp and the endocarp. Together, these three layers of a fruit are called the pericarp. Epidermal outgrowths, otherwise known as hairs, commonly called fuzz when found on such fruits as peaches though there are dozens of other possible forms of plant hair.

Notes

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Variations of Fruit (Reproductive Organs) Fleshy Fruits

Fruits in which at least part of the mesocarp is soft and fleshy when the fruit is ripe. Simple fresh fruits form from flowers which have one pistil with either a single or compound ovary.

Drupe

Fleshy fruits with a single seed protected by a hard, stony endocarp called a pit. Peaches, plums, almonds, cashew nuts, pistachios, macadamia nuts and even coconuts are drupes.

Berries

Berries usually develop from a single ovary and contain multiple seeds. The endocarp of berries is fleshy like the rest of the pericarp, so it is difficult to tell this layer from the rest. True berries such as tomatoes, grapes and peppers have a thin skin and are soft when ripe. Pumpkins and other squash are berries with thick skin. Hesperidiums are berries that produce an oily, leathery skin, such as oranges, lemons and other citrus fruits.

Pomes

Pomes form when the fruit receptacle enlarges and grows up and around the ovary, becoming part of the fruit. The endocarp of pomes forms a leathery layer around the seeds. Apples are the most familiar pomes. In apples, the ovary itself becomes the apple core, while the rest of the apple develops from the receptacle. Pomes are known as accessory fruits because part of the fruit develops from flower parts other than the ovary itself.

Aggregate Fruits

Develop from single flowers with multiple pistils. Each pistil develops into a fruitlet, and all fruitlets are clustered together on a single receptacle. Raspberries, blackberries and strawberries are all aggregate fruit, and not really berries at all!

Multiple Fruits

Multiple fruits develop from multiple flowers on a single stem. The ovaries of individual flowers develop into fruitlets that grow together to form one larger fruit. Pineapples are an example of a multiple fruit each little diamond-shaped section on the outside of the pineapple represents one of the original flowers. All the individual fruitlets fused together to form the larger pineapple. Dry fruits have a dry mesocarp when the fruit is mature. Dry fruits are grouped according to the way they open. Some dry fruits, called dehiscent fruits, split open when they are ripe, thereby dispersing their seeds. Dehiscent fruits include legumes such as beans, peanuts, peas and carob.

Dry Fruits

Other dry fruits, called indehiscent fruits, stay intact. Indehiscent fruits include sunflowers, nuts such as acorns or filberts, and grains. Grains (or caryopses) have seeds that are tightly joined to the pericarp so that they cannot be separated from each other. All members of the grass family, including wheat, corn, barley, rice, and oats, are grains. Other indehiscent fruit include the winged fruit of maple trees and the seeds of carrots, dill and caraway.

Notes

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Trees

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Trees Top

Top: the apex of the crown of the tree.

Crown

The region of the tree above the trunk which includes the branches and the foliage.

Foliage

The aggregate of all leaves on a tree.

Trunk

The main stem of a tree or shrub extending from the roots/soil level to the lower branches. Functions: supports the crown of branches, leaves/needles and contains the tissues which transport food and water throughout the tree.

Limb

A stem offshoot growing directly out of a tree trunk, subsequently dividing into branches and twigs.

Branch

An offshoot of stem from one of the tree limbs.

Branches

The aggregate of larger and smaller branches that provide support for the leaves, flowers and fruit of the tree, holding them up to receive light and warmth from the sun. They also produce buds that form new twigs, leaves and flowers.

Twig

The smallest branches (also called branchlets) on a woody shrub or tree.

Whorl

Some conifers branch only once a year when new growth occurs in the spring, and produce a whorl - a ring of new branches which grow outward in a circle around the stem. Whorl-branched conifers include: fir, cedar, larch, spruce and pine. Non-whorled or random branching conifers are false cypress and cypress.

Stump

The remainder of a tree trunk, including the roots, left behind after a tree is felled. Stumps are sometimes able to regenerate into new trees. In deciduous trees, when a live tree is cut and its stump remains in the ground, new stems can re-sprout in multiple places around the edge of the stump or from the roots.

Branch Stump

A live branch which is cut may also produce new shoots around its edge.

Buds and Bud Scales

Every spring the tree grows taller as the top branches develop new stem tissue from terminal buds, and wider from axillary buds which develop along the older branches, twigs and tips. Soft tissue inside the buds is protected from damage by a tough covering of moisture-saving bud scales.

Leaves or Needles

Leaves and needles are the food factories in the crown of the tree. Food-making, or photosynthesis, begins when the warmth and light of the sun is trapped by green chlorophyll in the leaves. This energy is used to combine carbon dioxide from the atmosphere with water drawn from the roots to create sugar and starch. The inner bark then carries this food to all living parts of the tree. In turn, oxygen and water are released into the atmosphere as by-products of photosynthesis.

Roots

The roots act as an anchor, holding the tree firmly in place. They grow and spread out underground from the root tips, forming a huge network that draws nutrients to the tree and protects the soil from erosion. If you get Trees: Roots: Further More Specific, see Roots.

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BodyTalk for Plants

106

References for Appendix and Plant Chart 1. Wikipedia. Bryophyte. Wikipedia. http://

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryophyte. November 2005. June 2014. Crandall-Stotler B. Bryophytes. Southern Illinois University. http://bryophytes.plant.siu.edu/ bryojustified.html. March 2011. June 2014.

2. Penn Arts and Sciences. Fern Structures and

Reproduction. Fern Reproduction. http://www.sas. upenn.edu/~joyellen/fernreproduction.html. June 2014.

10. Wikipedia. Lateral Root. Wikipedia. http://

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_root. April 2006. June 2014.

11. Wikipedia. Tuber. Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.

org/w/index.php?title=Tuber&action=history. May 2006. June 2014.

12. WiseGeek. What is a Dicot. WiseGeek. http://www. wisegeek.org/what-is-a-dicot.htm. June 2014.

3. Kratz R.F. Botany for Dummies. For Dummies;

13. Wikipedia. Phylum. Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.

4. Wikipedia. Ginkgo biloba. Wikipedia. http://

14. Wikipedia. Plant. Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.

2011.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginkgo_biloba. November 2010. June 2014.

5. Wikipedia. Ephedra. Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Ephedra. February 2007. June 2014.

6. Rozny N. What is Semi-Evergreen. eHow. http://

www.ehow.com/info_10037948_semievergreen.html. June 2014.

org/wiki/Phylum. July 2002. June 2014. org/wiki/Plant. May 2001. June 2014.

15. Wikipedia. Leaf. Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Leaf. February 2002. June 2014.

16. UWC. Epidermis. Botany UWC. http://www.botany. uwc.ac.za/sci_ed/grade10/plant_tissues/epidermis. htm. June 2014.

17. OhioEdu. Structure of Plants. Botany Readings.

7. Wikipedia. Taproot. Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.

OhioEdu. http://www.ohio.edu/people/braselto/ readings/structure.html. June 2014.

8. Wikipedia. Fibrous Root System. Wikipedia. http://

18. Encyclopedia Britannica. http://www.britannica.

9. iCoachMath. Fibrous Root System. Biology

19. CliffNotes. Vascular Plants Described. Houghton

org/wiki/Taproot. July 2004. June 2014.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrous_root_system. July 2004. June 2014.

Dictionary Online. iCoachMath. http://www. icoachmath.com/biology/definition-of-fibrous-rootsystem.html. 1998. June 2014.

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com/EBCHECKED/TOPIC/204819/FERN/49923/ SEXUAL-REPRODUCTION. June 2014. Mifflin Harcourt. http://www.cliffsnotes.com/ sciences/biology/biology/plants-diversity-andreproduction/vascular-plants-described. June 2014.

Appendix

107

References for Stock Photography 20. Wikipedia. Glossary of Plant Morphology.

1. Page 7: Mingman. Green Leaves. iStock. Thinkstock.

21. http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glossary_

2. Page 11: Thanatip. Branches. iStock. Thinkstock.

Wikipedia.

of_plant_morphology&dir=prev&action=history. August 2007. June 2014.

22. Wikipedia. Tree. Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Tree. September 2012. June 2014.

23. LSU. Tree Care. Urban Forest. http://liveoaks.lsu. edu/treecare/treegrowth.html. 2007. June 2014.

24. WaynesWord. Fruit Terminology. W.P Armstrong.

http://waynesword.palomar.edu/termfr4.htm. June 2014.

25. Colorado State University. Plant Structures. Colorado Master Gardener. http://www.ext.colostate.edu/mg/ gardennotes/134.html. June 2014.

26. Capon B. Botany for Gardeners. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press; 2010.

Getty Images. 464778313. Getty Images. 185141552.

3. Page 15: Tonivaver. Beautiful flowers. iStock. Thinkstock. Getty Images. 482367149.

4. Page 24: DrPAS. Single green linden tree with root. iStock. Thinkstock. Getty Images. 489749723.

5. Page 27: Sanseren. Yellow chrysanthemums isolated. iStock. Thinkstock. Getty Images. 185548990.

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plant. iStock. Thinkstock. Getty Images. 481424477.

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against white. iSotck. Thinkstock. Getty Images. 481906869.

9. Page 81: SZE FEI Wong. Bamboo leaves. iStock. Thinkstock. Getty Images. 136631536.

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Basic BodyTalk for Plants Protocol Permissions Pre-Set Links Fire Earth Metal Water Wood Touch Taste Smell Hearing Sight

SECTION 1

Five Elements Five Senses Consciousness

Photosynthesis Respiration Digestion Assimilation Waste Disposal

Natural Pathological (plant’s functions) Seasonal Rotations Integration within Morgenic Field

E.G.B. Plant Parts

Transpiration Translocation Root Pressure

Growth Metabolism Transportation (Circulation) Movement Reproduction Communication Temperature Regulation

Phototropisml Geotropism Thigmotropism

Sexual Asexual Pollination Seed Development Adaptation Mutation

Roots (rhizosphere) to Soil Soil to Roots (rhizosphere)

Plant Processes

General Specific

Hydration Scars Wounds Interference Grafting Point

Cells Tissues Vegetative Organs Reproductive Organs Soil Microbiome

Roots Stems Leaves Spores Cones Flowers

Energies

Environment

General Environment Vivaxis Wei Qi Life Cycles

Herbaceous Woody

Axil Axillary Bud Node Internode Leap Epidermis Cuticle Stomata Leaf Hairs Bud Penduncle Receptacle Sepals Petals Perianth Stamen Carpels Gynoecium

SECTION 2

Time, Events, Humans, Animals, Insects, Place, Plants, Objects, Activity, Soil

Primary Root Root Tip Root Cap Taparoot Fibrous Root Lateral Roots Epidermis Root Hairs Rhizosphere Bulk Soil

SECTION 3

Matrixes

Establishing the Matrix Holder Balancing the Matrix

Environmental Vivaxis Plant Vivaxis Sun Earth Moon

Virus Bacteria Parasite Fungus

Non-mineral nutrients Macronutrients Micronutrients

SECTION 4

Microbes Toxins Nutrients

Plant Chemistry Active Memory Cellular Repair Circulation

Beliefs Events Fears

Lifetime periods Past Relationships Specific Events

Xylem Sap (from the roots to leaves) Phloem Sap (from the leaves to other parts) Plant Parts

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Other Modalities

Spreading

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Bud Nodes & Internodes Intercalary Meristem Epidermis Cuticle Stomata Stem Hairs Bud Scales Sapwood Heartwood Cork Bark

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