Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020): China Associationfor Science and Technology 9782759825578, 9782759825561

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China Association for Science and Technology (Organized by)

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

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EDP Sciences – ISBN(print): 978-2-7598-2556-1 – ISBN(ebook): 978-2-7598-2557-8 DOI: 10.1051/978-2-7598-2556-1 All rights relative to translation, adaptation and reproduction by any means whatsoever are reserved, worldwide. In accordance with the terms of paragraphs 2 and 3 of Article 41 of the French Act dated March 11, 1957, “copies or reproductions reserved strictly for private use and not intended for collective use” and, on the other hand, analyses and short quotations for example or illustrative purposes, are allowed. Otherwise, “any representation or reproduction – whether in full or in part – without the consent of the author or of his successors or assigns, is unlawful” (Article 40, paragraph 1). Any representation or reproduction, by any means whatsoever, will therefore be deemed an infringement of copyright punishable under Articles 425 and following of the French Penal Code. Ó Science Press, EDP Sciences, 2021

Expert Committee Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development 2020 Director: Wei YANG Deputy Director: Jianlin CAO, Zhaoping LYU Committee members (in alphabetic order by last name): Jianfeng CHEN, Luqi HUANG, Jun LI, Xingping LIU, Xicheng LU, Bin PENG, Changle XIANG, Jiannian YAO

Development & Compilation Committee Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development 2020 Director: Zhaoping LYU Deputy Director: Jinsheng SHEN Committee members (in alphabetical order by last name): Yongmao JIANG, Jiansheng LIU, Peiyi LIU, Xiaomin LIU, Wei LOU, Zheng MA, Shengli REN, Hongbo SUN, Hong XIAO, Ming ZHU

Compilation Working Group Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development 2020 Group leader: Hong XIAO Deputy group leader: Peiyi LIU Group members (in alphabetical order by last name): Weihong CHENG, Yanwen DUAN, Yang GAO, Chenxiao HUO, He LI, Yuan LI, Yilin LI, Bing LIU, Jing LIU, Xiaomin LIU, Ni LU, Yao MENG, Shengli REN, Lan SHAO, Honghui SHI, Jing SU, Hongmei SUN, Xiukun SUN, Tao TAO, Hong TIAN, Jianguo TONG, Zhi WANG, Yanqin WENG, Yinjie WU, Junhong WU, Yue XIAO, Wanzhen XU, Qun YAN, Guangming YANG, Pinchun ZHANG, Xiaoyu ZHANG, Junna ZHAO, Yifang ZHAO, Yingzhi ZHOU Translator: Dan YANG Secretariat Rong LIU, Ying LIU, Liying LIU, Ran MI

Foreword

The year of 2020 is a very special year that witnessed the huge challenge to China and the entire world presented by COVID-19. The battle against COVID-19 has highlighted the significance of science innovations and development to human beings. It has also made us realize the intertwined bond between the scientific innovation achievements and the survival and development of the community of common destiny for all mankind. Recording and distributing scientific innovations and discoveries is the main goal of science, technology, and medical (STM) journals and, in keeping with that goal, journals represent the shared values across the world’s science community. In 2019, four organizations including Chinese Association for Science and Technology (CAST) issued “Recommendations on Deepening Reform and Developing World’s First-Class STM Journals”. To implement the policy, CAST has undertaken the “Chinese Action Plan for Journal Excellence” and a series of measures to elevate China’s publications to among the world’s best: lay a good foundation of providing local services, deepen the international exchange and co-operations, contribute the creative capability and innovation intelligence of China’s technology to the world, and forge China’s scientific and cultural soft power. We see that amidst all countries in the world helping each other and coping with the major public crisis of COVID-19 pneumonia, China’s STM journals have played an increasingly important and unique role, and have become a primary showcase demonstrating China’s wisdom and comprehensive management experience in the world anti-epidemic activities. Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development 2020, the first publication of the second cycle of this series of books, aims to provide an overall picture of China’s STM journals and papers with a comprehensive and systematic understanding. It presents data to illustrate the overall status quo of China’s STM journals, analyzes the pending problems, and summarizes the rules for development. The Book presents applicable models and solutions that we can learn in order to develop world’s first-class STM journals while maintaining Chinese characteristics. Chapters 1 and 2 of this book contain analytical data based on domestic and international databases and first-hand official data. The data source includes the data from China Academic Journal Impact Factor Annual Report (Natural Science & Engineering Technology) and China Academic Journal International Citation Annual Report jointly produced by Chinese Academic Journals DOI: 10.1051/978-2-7598-2556-1.c901 © Science Press, EDP Sciences, 2021

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Foreword

(CD edition) Electronic Publishing House and Tsinghua University Library, Web of Science by Clarivate Analytics, InCites and Scopus by Elsevier, Dimensions, Ulrich’s Periodicals Directory, etc. The main goal is to objectively illustrate the current status quo of China’s STM journals. Nevertheless, compared to the improvement in the scientific research results, the development of STM journals still has some room for improvement. STM journals need to make more efforts to match the needs from the first-class scientific results for reporting and dissemination. Through the analysis of STM journals’ influence both at home and abroad, and the parallel comparison between papers from China and those from other countries, we can better understand our current capability of China’s scientific output and publications. At the same time, it is also STM journals’ obligations to improve people’s scientific literacy and the overall development and management level, as well as creating good and supportive social environment for scientific innovations. Chapter 3 introduces in detail the current situation of popular science journals in China. It shows that, popular science journals have realized development and some typical journals have achieved positive results from the transformation and upgraded during the internet media integration. However, in general, the popular science journals are not strong yet. There are still no world-renowned Chinese popular science journal brands in the international community. Domestically, we should follow the frontiers of scientific innovations and improve our journal operation level to meet people’s increasing needs of knowledge service for innovations and entrepreneurship. Though this book focuses on the development of China’s STM journals, it also hopes to provide some reference for the science and publishing community. It hopes to encourage professionals in scientific research and managers in scientific publishing to think about a path for developing China’s STM journals, and to join efforts for innovations and the cultivation of world’s first-class STM journals. If this book can lead people’s efforts to gather, as trickles flow into rivers, then this book will be honored to achieve its mission. With the support from the expert committee, and the compiling and editing committee, the compiling workgroup of this book has been working under the principles of objectivity and fairness. During the process of data gathering, literature search, problem analysis, and summarizing the rules, painstaking efforts were made to investigate the massive amount of data and references. The goal is to achieve accurate data, highlighted key points, reliable arguments, and standardized presentation. We hereby offer our heartfelt thanks to all the experts, scholars, and colleagues who have contributed to the compilation and publication of this book. Science Press has undertaken the editing and publishing work of this book and accomplished the publishing and printing in time. Hence, we would like to express our thanks to all the institutions that have provided data and publishing services. During the process of the compilation of this book, the huge amount of data, plus the different focus on source data, data selection, and statistical period, all brought quite some difficulties to the data retrieval, statistical analysis and editing work. Though we have devoted our best efforts, errors or omissions are inevitable. We sincerely hope the readers will be generous with their criticism and suggestions. China Association for Science and Technology September, 2020

Contents Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

IX

CHAPTER 1 General Information of China’s STM Journals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 Analysis of Current Situation of China’s STM Journals . . . . 1.2 Distribution by Discipline and Overall Performance of Chinese Language STM Journals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2.1 Distribution by Discipline of Chinese STM Journals . . 1.2.2 Citable Documents and Domestic Academic Influence of Chinese STM Journals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2.3 International Influence of Chinese STM Journals . . . . 1.3 Analysis on Influence of China’s English STM Journals . . . . . 1.3.1 Current Situation of China’s English STM Journals . . 1.3.2 Distribution of China’s English STM Journals by Discipline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3.3 Citable Documents and Domestic Academic Influence of China’s English STM Journals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3.4 International Academic Influence of China’s English STM journals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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CHAPTER 2 Analysis of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 Analysis of Papers Published by SCI-Indexed STM Journals in China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.1 Distribution by Discipline of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.2 Distribution by Publishing Institution – Papers Published by China’s STM Journals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.3 Academic Influence of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals .

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2.2

Analysis of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals, Based on Scopus Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.1 Distribution by Disciplines of Papers Indexed by Scopus . . . . . . . . 2.2.2 Changes in Number of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals and by Chinese Authors During 2009–2018 . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.3 Comparison of Publication Volume Between the Chinese and English STM Journals in Scopus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 Analysis of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals, Based on CNKI Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3.1 Distribution by Disciplines of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3.2 Distribution by Regions of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3.3 Distribution by Publishing Institutions of Papers Published in China’s STM Journals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3.4 Analysis of Funded Papers Published by China’s STM Journals . . . 2.3.5 Academic Influence of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals . 2.3.6 Social Service Capability of Papers Published by China’s Technical Journals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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CHAPTER 3 Trends of Development of China’s Popular Science Journals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 Analysis of the Current Situation of China’s Popular Science Journals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.1 General Introduction of China’s Popular Science Journal Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.2 Current Situation of China’s Popular Science Journal Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 Case Studies of Popular Science Journals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.1 Case Studies of High-Quality Content and All-Media Integrated Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.2 Case Studies of Journals’ Industrialization, Clustering, and Co-development with Other Media Through Mutual Learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.3 Case Study: Create the Culture of Science Popularization, and Promote the Integrated Development of Science and Culture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Chapter 1 General Information of China’s STM Journals Peiyi LIU, Junhong WU, Jing LIU, Xiaoyu ZHANG, Xiukun SUN, Wanzhen XU, Chenxiao HUO and Yingzhi ZHOU

Abstract Based on data from 2019 annual statistics, there were a total of 4958 STM journals in China by 2019. The general features of the journals are: (A) Regions ranked top 5 in terms of publication volume publish more than a half of the total journals (53.45%). They are: Beijing (1625 journals, 32.78%), Shanghai (355 journals, 7.16%), Jiangsu (254 journals, 5.12%), Hubei and Sichuan (both 208 journals, 4.20%). (B) In terms of publication cycle, bi-monthly journals (1924 journals, 38.81%) and monthly journals (1840 journals, 37.11%) are the majority, accounting for 3/4 of the total volume. (C) In terms of language, Chinese language journals account for the most part (4429 journals, 89.33%), and the number of English language journals is 359 (7.24% of the total). There are 170 Chinese–English journals (3.43% of the total). (D) In terms of discipline, there are 1556 journals (31.38%) in basic science (S), 2267 journals (45.72%) in technology & science (T), and 1135 journals (22.89%) in medicine, pharmaceutics and health (M). The domestic influence of Chinese language STM journals has been increasing. Based on the 2015–2019 data from China’s Academic Journal Impact Factor Annual Report (statistical years were 2014–2018) published by China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), the average citable documents per journal of Chinese STM journals decreased from 297.54 papers in 2014 to 288.55 papers in 2018. The average total cites per journal increased from 2111.52 in 2014 to 2255.66 in 2018. At the same time, cites to Chinese STM journals by graduate theses decreased. The average impact factor was 0.664, showing an increase of 27.24% from 2014 to 2018, with an annual increase rate of 6.21%. Chinese STM journals have increasingly received attention from the international academic community. Based on data from CNKI’s China Academic Journal International

DOI: 10.1051/978-2-7598-2556-1.c001 © Science Press, EDP Sciences, 2021

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Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

Citation Annual Report 2019 Edition, 2913 Chinese STM journals had over 10 cites each by international papers in 2018, with impact factor (without domestic citations) above 0, while this number was 2496 in 2014. The total cites without self-citations to Chinese language STM journals were increasing, with an average increase rate of 13.81% in the 5-year period. The size of China’s English STM journals had a steady increase, from 302 journals in 2017 to 359 journals by the end of 2019. On the aspect of domestic academic influence, the annual total cites per journal and the average impact factor both increased. The cites by doctoral dissertations to English STM journals were showing an overall increase, and its percentage against the total cites was much higher than that of the cites by doctoral dissertation to Chinese language STM journals. The cites to English STM journals by master’s theses account for a lower percentage than the cites to Chinese STM journals, which means English STM journals played a very important role in the education of higher tier professional and academic staff. On the aspect of international academic influence, based on CNKI’s China Academic Journal International Citation Annual Report (statistical years were 2014–2018), the total cites without domestic citations to our English STM journals were increasing, with an average yearly increase rate of 20.66%. The annual citations were increasing too. China’s English language STM journals were playing an increasingly important role in the international academic exchange, and have received more attention from the internationally renowned databases. More and more China’s English STM journals have been recognized and included in international databases.

1.1

Analysis of Current Situation of China’s STM Journals

The analysis in this book is based on the data from 2019 annual statistics. The data were sorted using the Chinese Library Classification (CLC) Code of China’s publications, with the standardized serial CN number. Information of the newly approved journals by the state, change of journal names during 2017–2019, and the revoked journals during 2016– 2020 was taken into account. Comparisons were made with the data in China’s STM Journal Directory published in the Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development 2017–2019. The statistical results showed that the total number of China’s STM journals was 4958, by the end of 2019.1 Distribution by Place of Publication By the end of 2019, the distribution of the 4958 STM journals in China by place of publication was the following: Beijing as No. 1 (1625 journals, 32.78%), Shanghai (355 journals, 7.16%), Jiangsu (254 journals, 5.12%), Hubei and Sichuan (both with 208 journals, 4.20%). 11 provinces, regions and cities each had 100–200 STM journals. 10 provinces, regions and cities each had 50–100 journals. For the detailed distribution of journal numbers, please refer to table 1.1. Compared with the data published in the Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development 2017 (referred to as 2017 Data hereafter), the number of journals published in 1

The statistics of China’s STM journals in this book do not include data on Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan.

Serial no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32

Region Beijing Shanghai Jiangsu Hubei Sichuan Guangdong Liaoning Heilongjiang Shaanxi Tianjin Hunan Shandong Zhejiang Henan Hebei Jilin Shanxi Anhui Chongqing Guangxi Fujian Jiangxi Gansu Xinjiang Inner Mongolia Yunnan Guizhou Qinghai Hainan Ningxia Tibet Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Total

Yearly 18 1

Semi-yearly 2 1

3

1 1

1 1 1

1 1

2

1 1 2

1

5 2

1

30

17

Quarterly 178 56 47 21 43 21 12 24 21 13 23 26 25 16 16 18 14 10 6 17 21 14 7 18 5 7 5 12 4 4 5 2

Bi-monthly 474 164 128 91 90 74 91 67 75 61 53 54 51 46 38 38 36 42 25 24 30 34 41 21 22 24 19 5

711

1924

1 2 3

Monthly 777 124 63 72 64 63 65 56 54 55 48 38 39 34 32 32 30 27 29 27 19 16 13 9 18 13 10 1 5 6

Semi-monthly 129 5 12 17 6 16 5 8 8 8 3 7 2 9 12 9 7 4 14 3

Bi-weekly 1

Ten-day 35 4 3 3 4 4 3 5 3 2 3 3

Weekly 8

4 7 6 4 2 3 2

2 1

Semi-weekly 3 1

1

1

1 2

2 2

6 4 3 3 1

3

4

1

1 1

1

1840

305

1

104

22

4

Total 1625 355 254 208 208 179 177 162 162 141 131 130 117 113 106 103 91 86 79 76 72 70 65 54 51 51 35 18 14 11 8 6

General Information of China’s STM Journals

TAB. 1.1 – Number of STM journals published in 2019 (by region) (unit: no. of journal).

4958

Note: In order of the number of published journals.

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Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

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Beijing increased from 1586 in 2017 to 1625 in 2020 (an increase of 39 journals). The number of journals in other areas remained almost the same. Distribution by Publication Cycle Among the 4958 STM journals, the top 3 types of journals, sorted by publication cycle and ranked by the number of journals, are: bi-monthly (1924 journals, 38.81%), monthly (1840 journals, 37.11%), and quarterly (711 journals, 14.34%). Among them, bi-monthly journals and monthly journals account for 3/4 of all journals (3764 journals, 75.92%, see table 1.2). Beijing has the largest number of monthly journals (777 journals), accounting for 42.23% of all monthly journals in China. There are 129 semi-monthly journals in Beijing, accounting for 42.30% of all semi-monthly journals. Apart from Beijing, Qinghai, Hainan, Ningxia, and Tibet, other provinces and regions have bi-monthly journals as the major type of journals. Compared with the 2017 Data, in these data, the percentage of quarterly, semi-monthly and ten-day journals decreased. The percentage of bi-monthly (1924 journals) and monthly journals (1840 journals) increased (in the 2017 Data, there were 1881 bi-monthly journals, and 1765 monthly journals). Distribution by Language Among the 4958 STM journals, there are 359 English journals (7.24%) and 170 Chinese– English journals (3.43%). English STM journals are mostly in industrial technology (105 journals, 29.25%), medicine, pharmaceutics & health (72 journals, 20.06%), and physical science & chemistry (55 journals, 15.32%). English STM journals are mostly quarterly (171 journals, 47.63%), and bi-monthly journals (116 journals, 32.31%). Compared with the 2017 Data, in these data, English language journals increased by 1.13%. Chinese–English journals had the biggest change, with the number increasing from 43 to 170, and the percentage changing from 0.88% to 3.43%. Distribution by Discipline Based on the statistics of the disciplinary information, coded by the journal CN numbers, among the 4958 STM journals in China, there are 1556 journals in basic science (S), accounting for 31.38%. The 1556 journals include 463 journals in natural sciences, 203 journals in physical sciences & chemistry, 248 journals in astronomy and earth science, 108 in biology, and 534 journals in agriculture, forestry & comprehensive agricultural sciences. There are 2267 journals in technology (T), accounting for 45.72%, including 1875 journals in industrial technology general introduction, 225 journals in transportation, 75 journals in

TAB. 1.2 – Publication cycle of China’s 4958 STM journals in 2019 (unit: no. of journal). Frequency Bi-monthly Monthly Quarterly

No. of journal 1924 1840 711

Frequency Semi-monthly Ten-day Yearly

No. of journal 305 104 30

Frequency Weekly Semi-yearly Semi-weekly

No. of journal 22 17 4

Frequency Bi-weekly

No. of journal 1

Total

4958

General Information of China’s STM Journals

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aeronautics and spaceship, and 92 journals in environmental science & safety science. There are 1135 journals in medicine, pharmaceutics and health (M), accounting for 22.89%. Compared with the 2017 Data (in order to be consistent with the statistical data of this Book, the relevant data for journals that are not in the 2019 annual statistics were deleted), in these data, the number of journals in each discipline increased. The number of natural science general introduction journals increased by 1, physical science & chemistry journals increased by 2, astronomy & earth science journals increased by 6, bioscience journals increased by 7, agriculture, forestry & comprehensive agricultural science journals increased by 4, industrial technology journals increased by 14, transportation journals increased by 4, aerospace and spaceship journals increased by 1, environmental sciences & safety science journals increased by 1, and medicine, health, & comprehensive pharmaceutical and health journals increased by 27.

1.2

Distribution by Discipline and Overall Performance of Chinese Language STM Journals

The analysis of the overall performance of China’s STM journals in terms of domestic and international influence in this section is based on data from 2 publications: China Academic Journal Impact Factor Annual Report (Natural Sciences and Engineering Technology Edition) (Impact Factor Annual Report hereafter), and China Academic Journal International Citation Annual Report (International Citation Annual Report hereafter), jointly produced by China Academic Journals (CD Edition) Electronic Publishing House Co. Ltd. and Tsinghua University Library. Impact Factor Annual Report is a yearly journal published in CD form. It records and publishes data, within the statistical year, on academic papers published in China’s STM journals, and on cites by domestic journals, conference papers, and graduate theses. It publishes dozens of quantitative evaluation indices and is an authoritative reference for evaluating China’s STM journal academic influence. Impact Factor Annual Report 2019 Edition included 3900 STM journals in China, among which 3659 were Chinese language journals. International Citation Annual Report records the information of cites to over 6000 academic journals in China, by over 22 000 academic journals worldwide. It publishes multiple evaluation indices every year, and reveals on a broad scale the international academic influence of China’s journals. International Citation Annual Report categorizes journals into 2 groups by Science and Social Science disciplines, and calculates the Clout Index (CI) for each journal. According to the ranking by CI, the top 5% journals were called “China Academic Journals with Most International Influence”, and top 5–10% were called “China Academic Journals with Excellent International Influence”. The above two types of journals were referred to as “Journals with Top International Influence” (“Top Journals” hereafter) and 350 journals in Science category ranked Top Journals (175 journals from each type). International Citation Annual Report 2019 Edition included 4288 journals with total international cites of no less than 10 each, among which 2913 were Chinese language journals.

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

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1.2.1

Distribution by Discipline of Chinese STM Journals

According to Impact Factor 2019 Edition, the 3659 Chinese journals covered 65 disciplines, among which 401 are cross-disciplinary journals. The 3 disciplines with the highest number of journals are: natural science and engineering technology (283 journals), medicine, pharmaceutics & health comprehensive (209 journals), and chemical engineering (167 journals). Table 1.3 lists the distribution information of Chinese STM journals by discipline.

1.2.2

Citable Documents and Domestic Academic Influence of Chinese STM Journals

Citable documents generally refer to journal articles that have academic research results, and can be cited by other academic papers during the process of research. It is different from non-original papers, such as narrative and lyrics, introductory, general science, secondary literature, fictions, directory and index. The citable document of a journal is an important index for the journal’s capacity of scientific research information. The times cited, impact factor and other data reflect the journal’s academic influence. The analysis below, based on Impact Factor Annual Report, is on the evolution of the citable documents and domestic academic influence in the past 5 years, in order to reflect the change of Chinese journals’ information publication and influence.

1.2.2.1

Citable Documents

According to Impact Factor Annual Report 2015–2019 Edition (statistical years were 2014– 2018), the citable documents per journal of Chinese STM journals reduced from 297.54 papers in 2014 to 288.55 papers in 2018, with a decrease of 3.02% (see table 1.4). But the size of citable documents is still larger than the average size of international journals. According to Journal Citation Reports (JCR) published by Web of Science (WoS), the volume of average annual citable documents (articles + reviews) of an STM journal was 172 papers. According to the data on published articles in the past 3 years in CiteScore Measures by Scopus, the average annual citable documents of a STM journal are 181 papers.

1.2.2.2

Total Cites

The citation count in Impact Factor Annual Report comes from Chinese Citation Database. The source for statistics was formed by the selected source journal papers, graduate theses, and conference papers. The comprehensive total cites (total cites hereafter) refers to a journal’s total citations within the statistical years, calculated as the total cites to all the citable documents since the journal’s first publication, by the statistical source. It reflects a journal’s total influence in a variety of scientific and talent cultivation activities. The total cites to Chinese STM journals during 2014–2018 were 8.21million per year. 2017–2018 saw an increase of 9.51% from 2014–2015. The total cites per journal increased from 2111.52 in 2014 to 2255.66 in 2018, with an increase of 6.83%.

General Information of China’s STM Journals

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TAB. 1.3 – Distribution of China’s STM journals by discipline. Serial no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43

Discipline Natural science & engineering technology Medicine, pharmaceutics & health Chemical engineering Civil engineering Transportation engineering Radio electronics, telecommunications technology Automation technology, computer technology Engineering technology Clinical medicine Electrical engineering Traditional Chinese medicine & pharmacology Internal medicine Surgery Agricultural science Geology Oil and gas industry Preventive medicine & hygiene Metallurgical engineering technology Mechanical engineering Metal science & metalworking Mine engineering technology Water conservancy engineering Biology Forestry Environmental science & technology Animal husbandry, veterinary science Pharmacology Basic medicine Aeronautical & space technology Food science & technology Engineering & technical science (basic disciplines) Energy & power engineering Agronomy Chemistry Oncology Management of medical & health services Physics Obstetrics, gynecology & pediatrics Textile science & technology Atmospheric science Neurology & psychiatry Mathematics Light industry (excl textile & food)

No. of journal 283 209 167 157 148 139 128 127 123 116 116 107 103 96 95 90 86 81 80 76 73 73 70 67 67 64 64 63 55 51 49 48 47 40 39 36 35 35 34 30 30 29 28

% 6.96 5.14 4.11 3.86 3.64 3.42 3.15 3.13 3.03 2.85 2.85 2.63 2.53 2.36 2.34 2.22 2.12 1.99 1.97 1.87 1.80 1.80 1.72 1.65 1.65 1.57 1.57 1.55 1.35 1.25 1.21 1.18 1.16 0.98 0.96 0.89 0.86 0.86 0.84 0.74 0.74 0.72 0.69

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Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020) TAB. 1.3 – (continued).

Serial no. 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

Discipline Geophysics Surveying and mapping science & technology Otorhinolaryngology & ophthalmology Weapon industry & military technology Aquaculture Nursing science Marine science Military medicine & special medicine Stomatology Agricultural basic science Horticulture Agricultural engineering Safety science & technology Plant protection Material science Nuclear science & technology Resource science Physical geography Mechanics Dermatology & venereology System science Astronomy Total

No. of journal 27 27 26 26 24 24 22 22 21 21 21 20 19 19 17 14 14 13 13 10 6 4 4064

% 0.66 0.66 0.64 0.64 0.59 0.59 0.54 0.54 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.49 0.47 0.47 0.42 0.34 0.34 0.32 0.32 0.25 0.15 0.10 100.00

Note: The list is in order of no. of journals by discipline. The data source is Impact Factor Annual Report 2019 Edition. Some journals belong to more than 2 categories of disciplines. TAB. 1.4 – Citable documents of Chinese STM journals during 2014–2018. Statistical year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Citable documents/no. of article 1 059 246 1 048 378 1 048 779 1 033 106 1 055 793

No. of journal 3560 3552 3597 3643 3659

Citable documents per journal/no. of article 297.54 295.15 291.57 283.59 288.55

Note: The list is in order of statistical year. The data source is Impact Factor Annual Report 2015–2019 Edition.

Table 1.5 shows that the cites by journal articles increased by 18.14% from 2014–2015 to 2017–2018. At the same time, the percentage of cites increased by year too, from 47.48% in 2014 to 54.17% in 2018. The cites by Q1 journals increased by 25.73% from 2014–2015 to

Statistical year

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Comprehensive total cites

7 7 8 8 8

517 999 542 739 253

002 900 416 683 444

Cites by journal articles No. of cites 3 569 288 3 902 439 4 122 179 4 355 975 4 470 842

% 47.48 48.78 48.26 49.84 54.17

Cites by Q1 journals 1 619 203 1 905 881 2 028 187 2 186 192 2 246 041

By doctoral dissertations % 21.54 23.82 23.74 25.01 27.21

No. of cites 619 524 489 091 615 186 619 566 541 530

% 8.24 6.11 7.20 7.09 6.56

By master’s theses No. of cites 3 169 177 3 368 990 3 600 696 3 577 482 3 062 083

% 42.16 42.11 42.15 40.93 37.10

By conference papers No. of cites 159 013 239 380 204 355 186 660 178 989

% 2.12 2.99 2.39 2.14 2.17

General Information of China’s STM Journals

TAB. 1.5 – Cites by different types of papers to Chinese STM journals during 2014–2018.

Note: The list is in order of statistical year. The data source is Impact Factor Annual Report 2015–2019. The percentage is the cites by a type of papers divided by the comprehensive total cites in the statistical year.

9

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

10

2017–2018, the percentage of cites increased from 21.54% in 2014 to 27.21% in 2018. It indicates that the increase in cites to Chinese STM journals mostly came from journal citations, with higher contributions made by high-quality journals. Cites by doctoral dissertations decreased from the peak time 620 000 to 542 000, and cites by master’s theses decreased from peak time 3.61 million to 3.062 million. The percentage of these two types of degree papers against the comprehensive total cites decreased from 8.24% and 42.16% in 2014 to 6.56% and 37.10% in 2018.

1.2.2.3

Impact Factor

U-JIF is calculated as the following: a journal’s total cites by the comprehensive statistical source, within the statistical years, to the citable documents published by the journal in the past 2 years, divided by the total number of citable documents published by the journal in the past 2 years. Based on the data in Impact Factor Annual Report, the average U-JIF of a Chinese STM journal in the past 5 years was 0.664; the U-JIF during 2014–2018 was showing an increase of 27.24% from 2014 to 2018, with an average yearly increase of 6.21% (see table 1.6).

1.2.2.4

Immediacy Index

A comprehensive immediacy index is calculated as the following: a journal’s total cites by the comprehensive statistical source, within the statistical year, to the citable documents published in the statistical year, divided by the number of citable documents published by this journal in the same year. Based on the data in Impact Factor Annual Report, the average comprehensive immediacy index of a Chinese STM journal was 0.083 in the past 5 years. The comprehensive immediacy index was showing an increase of 42.65% from 2014 to 2018, with an average yearly increase rate of 9.18% (see table 1.6).

TAB. 1.6 – Citation index changes of Chinese STM journals in 2014–2018. Statistical year

Comprehensive total cites Average

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

2111.52 2252.22 2374.87 2399.03 2255.66

Increase rate % – 6.66 5.45 1.02 –5.98

Comprehensive IF Average 0.594 0.610 0.658 0.703 0.756

Increase rate % – 2.69 7.87 6.84 7.54

Note: The list is in order of statistical year. The data source is Impact Factor Annual Report 2015–2019 Edition. The increase rate is a year-on-year increase rate.

Comprehensive immediacy index Average 0.068 0.081 0.080 0.090 0.097

Increase rate % – 19.12 –1.23 12.50 7.78

General Information of China’s STM Journals

1.2.2.5

11

Self-Citation of a Journal

Self-citation rate refers to a journal’s times cited by its own articles, within the statistical years, divided by the total cites. Journals with a self-citation rate higher than 20% are called highly self-cited journals. Based on data from Impact Factor Annual Report, the average self-citation rate of a Chinese STM journal was 10.32% in the past 5 years. Journals with a self-citation rate lower than 10% account for 62.60% of all journals. Journals with a self-citation rate higher than 20% account for 11.73% of all journals. According to the change in annual data, more and more journals are having a better control over self-citation rate. The percentage of journals with a self-citation rate lower than 10% increased from 61.85% in 2014 to 63.65% in 2018. For journals with a self-citation rate higher than 20%, the relevant numbers in different rate tiers all showed a decrease (see table 1.7).

1.2.3

International Influence of Chinese STM Journals

Based on the 2019 data in International Citation Annual Report, there were 4288 journals in China with times cited no less than 10 by international papers in 2018, and international cites above 0. Among the 4288 journals, 2913 were Chinese language journals. The above group of data were 3441 and 2496, respectively, for 2014, which showed that more and more Chinese STM journals were receiving recognition from the international academic community.

1.2.3.1

Yearly Change of Total Cites

Based on the International Citation Annual Report, the number of yearly citations by international papers to China’s STM journals during 2014–2018 was 464 100, 513 100, 634 500, 716 300, and 855 500, respectively. The number of total cites without self-citations to Chinese STM journals 290 100, 308 900, 382 600, 422 500, and 486 700, respectively. The number of total citations by international papers was showing an increase, with an average yearly increase of 13.81%. The percentage of total cites without self-citations to Chinese STM journals during 2014–2018 against that of China’s STM journals, was respectively 62.52%, 60.20%, 60.30%, 58.99%, and 56.89%. Though the percentage was higher than 50%, it was showing a decreasing trend, which indicates that the English language STM journals in China are playing increasingly important role in the international academic exchange (see table 1.8).

1.2.3.2

Distribution of Total Cites by Discipline

Based on data from International Citation Annual Report 2019 Edition, the 2913 Chinese STM journals were categorized into 65 disciplines. The 3 disciplines with the highest number of journals were: natural science & engineering technology (212 journals), medicine, pharmaceutics & health comprehensive (159 journals), and chemical engineering (130 journals). The 3 disciplines with the highest total international cites were geology (51 524), electrical engineering (30 040), and automation technology & computer technology (27 462). The 3 disciplines with the highest total international cites per journal were physical geography (610.31), geology (578.92), and chemistry (508.33) (see table 1.9).

12

TAB. 1.7 – Distribution of self-citation of Chinese STM journals during 2014–2018.

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

No. of journal

3560 3552 3597 3643 3659

Self-citation rate % 0
No. of journal 2202 2199 2242 2305 2329

10
% 61.85 61.91 62.33 63.27 63.65

No. of Journal 908 909 928 938 940

20
% 25.51 25.59 25.80 25.75 25.69

No. of Journal 303 309 289 288 266

30
% 8.51 8.70 8.03 7.91 7.27

No. of Journal 105 95 98 83 93

40
% 2.95 2.67 2.72 2.28 2.54

No. of Journal 25 28 31 20 19

≥50 % 0.70 0.79 0.86 0.55 0.52

No. of Journal 17 12 9 9 12

Note: The list is in order of statistical year. The data source is Impact Factor Annual Report 2015–2019 Edition. The percentage here refers to the percentage of journals within each tier of self-citation rate to the total number of the journals.

% 0.48 0.34 0.25 0.25 0.33

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

Statistical year

General Information of China’s STM Journals

13

TAB. 1.8 – Total cites without self-citations and increase rate of Chinese STM journals during 2014– 2018. Statistical year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Total international citations to all STM journals (A) 464 093 513 079 634 490 716 273 855 460

Total international citations to Chinese STM journals (B) 290 131 308 862 382 574 422 539 486 704

% (B/A × 100%)

Increase rate %

62.52 60.20 60.30 58.99 56.89

– 6.46 23.87 10.45 15.19

Note: The list is in order to statistical year. The data source is International Citation Annual Report 2015–2019 Edition. The percentage here refers to the total international cites to Chinese STM journals in a statistical year against the total cites to all journals in that year. The increase rate refers to year-on-year increase rate of the total international cites to Chinese STM journals.

1.2.3.3

Total Cites Per Journal and Impact Factor of Top Journals

The 350 Top journals selected by International Citation Annual Report every year based on CI represent the relatively strong STM journal brands of China. During 2014–2018, the total cites without self-citations per journal to the STM journals listed as the Top journals increased from 685.94 to 1425.10, with a sharp increase of 107.76%. The Impact Factor per journal without self-citations increased from 0.190 to 0.394, with an increase rate of 107.37%. Both total cites and impact factor doubled within 5 years. With the fast development of China’s English language STM journals, the Chinese STM journals’ position in the Top journals was threatened. During 2014–2018, the number of Chinese STM journals selected as the Top journals went down from 201 to 147 (for the 2019 Chinese Top Journal List, please see appendix table A.1). During 2014–2018, for the Chinese STM journals selected as the Top journals, the total cites without self-citations per journal increased from 116.24 to 167.08, with an increase rate of 43.74%. The impact factor without self-citations increased from 0.035 to 0.053, with an increase rate of 51.43% (see table 1.10). Nonetheless, no matter in the aspects of sheer number or the increase rate of citations or impact factors, Chinese STM journals still lag behind the English journals in China.

1.3 1.3.1

Analysis on Influence of China’s English STM Journals Current Situation of China’s English STM Journals

English language STM journals play a very important role in elevating the prominence and influence of China’s academic achievements, as well as in enhancing our scientific power of voice. With the consistent attention and support from the national publishing authorities and the science community, the English journals in China have achieved steady

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

14

TAB. 1.9 – Total international cites to Chinese STM journals by discipline in 2018. Serial no. 1 2 3 4

5 6 7

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

212

Total international cites 13 012

% of international cites against total cites 2.37

International cites per journal 61.38

159

11 922

2.17

74.98

130 126

12 845 21 334

2.35 3.88

98.81 169.32

126

19 608

3.57

155.62

119

27 462

4.99

230.77

110

19 456

3.55

176.87

107 102 99

22 019 30 040 8620

4.00 5.47 1.57

205.79 294.51 87.07

94

6571

1.20

69.90

89 81

51 524 11 462

9.37 2.08

578.92 141.51

80 74

7503 7211

1.36 1.31

93.79 97.45

72 67 63 62

9725 14 319 21 380 7161

1.77 2.60 3.89 1.30

135.07 213.72 339.37 115.50

62 61

5051 12 581

0.92 2.29

81.47 206.25

60

11 413

2.08

190.22

59

15 951

2.90

270.36

59

7003

1.27

118.69

Discipline

No. of journal

Natural science & engineering technology Medicine, pharmaceutics & health Chemical engineering Radio electronics, telecommunications technology Engineering technology (general) Automation technology, computer technology Traditional Chinese medicine & pharmacology Civil engineering Electrical engineering Transportation engineering Clinical medicine (general) Geology Agricultural science (general) Internal medicine Preventive medicine & hygiene Mechanical engineering Oil and gas industry Biology Metallurgical engineering technology Surgery Mine engineering technology Metal science & metalworking Environmental science & technology Pharmacology

General Information of China’s STM Journals

15

TAB. 1.9 – (continued). Serial no. 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32

33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

50

Total international cites 6254

% of international cites against total cites 1.14

International cites per journal 125.08

50 45

5436 6174

0.99 1.12

108.72 137.20

45 44

4783 3434

0.87 0.62

106.29 78.05

39 38

19 825 5113

3.61 0.93

508.33 134.55

37

4582

0.83

123.84

37

3258

0.59

88.05

33 33 31 29 29

14 506 4399 4955 3248 3175

2.64 0.80 0.90 0.59 0.58

439.58 133.30 159.84 112.00 109.48

26 26

10 093 1333

1.84 0.24

388.19 51.27

25 24 24

1339 5808 2362

0.24 1.06 0.43

53.56 242.00 98.42

22 22

3644 957

0.66 0.17

165.64 43.50

21

4243

0.77

202.05

20 19

5224 7653

0.95 1.39

261.20 402.79

18 17

3513 1901

0.64 0.35

195.17 111.82

Discipline

No. of journal

Aeronautical and space science & technology Basic medicine Water conservancy engineering Forestry Animal husbandry, veterinary science Chemistry Food science & technology Engineering & technology science basic disciplines Energy & power engineering Physics Agronomy Oncology Mathematics Obstetrics, gynecology & pediatrics Geophysics Management of medical & health services Neurology & psychiatry Atmospheric science Weapon industry & military technology Aquaculture Textile science & technology Surveying and mapping science & technology Marine science Agricultural basic science Plant protection Horticulture

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

16

TAB. 1.9 – (continued). Serial no. 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

17

Total international cites 1669

% of international cites against total cites 0.30

International cites per journal 98.18

17

794

0.14

46.71

16 16 16

5450 918 785

0.99 0.17 0.14

340.63 57.38 49.06

15 15 14

6407 1160 1479

1.17 0.21 0.27

427.13 77.33 105.64

13 13 12

7934 3264 1786

1.44 0.59 0.32

610.31 251.08 148.83

11 8

3146 305

0.57 0.06

286.00 38.13

6 4 3270

2118 192 549 792

0.39 0.03 100.00

353.00 48.00 168.13

Discipline

No. of journal

Otorhinolaryngology & ophthalmology Light industry (excl textile & food) Material science Stomatology Military medicine & special medicine Agricultural engineering Nursing science Nuclear science & technology Natural geography Mechanics Safety science & technology Resource science Dermatology & venereology System science Astronomy Total

Note: The list is in order or the no. of journals by discipline. The data source is International Citation Annual Report 2019 Edition. Some journals belong to more than 2 disciplines.

TAB. 1.10 – Change in international influence of Chinese STM journals listed as 2014–2018 Top journals. Statistical year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Top Chinese STM journals/no. of article 201 183 176 158 147

Total cites without self-citations per journal 116.24 122.42 137.07 148.57 167.08

Note: The list is in order of statistical year. The data source is International Citation Annual Report 2015–2019 Edition.

IF without self-citations 0.035 0.036 0.040 0.045 0.053

General Information of China’s STM Journals

17

development in recent years. Improvement is shown in various aspects including volume, size, academic influence, and publication operation abilities. By the end of 2019, there were 359 English language journals that obtained a CN number. Among them, 26 journals were established in 2017[1], 7 were established in 2018[2], and 17 were established in 2019[3]. For the newly established English STM journals in those 3 years, please see tables 1.11–1.13. Though the English STM journals’ size and influence were growing, they are still lagging far behind the growth rate of our country’s basic research. Moreover, international publishing organizations have been actively competing for China’s academic resources and market, hence posing unprecedented challenges and pressure to the English journals in China, on the aspects of independent development and improving academic influence. For this reason, China has issued a series of polices around 2019, to promote the development of China’s STM journals and help raise the international influence.

TAB. 1.11 – China’s English STM journals established in 2017. Serial no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

English journal name npj Computational Materials Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Petroleum Earth and Planetary Physics Biosurface and Biotribology Animal Models and Experimental Medicine, AMEM Grain & Oil Science and Technology Journal of Cotton Research Petroleum Exploration and Development World Journal of Emergency Medicine Digital Chinese Medicine Bio-Design and Manufacturing Journal of Bio-X Research Food Quality and Safety Cybersecurity Phytopathology Research Opto-Electronic Advances Precision Clinical Medicine Automotive Innovation Clean Energy Natural Products and Bioprospecting, NPB Ecosystem Health and Sustainability Journal of Pancreatology Stroke & Vascular Neurology Journal of Geodesy and Geoinformation Science Big Data Mining and Analytics

Chinese journal name 计算材料学 亚洲药物制剂科学 油气 地球与行星物理 生物表面与生物摩擦学 动物模型与实验医学 粮油科技 棉花研究 石油勘探与开发 世界急诊医学杂志 数字中医药 生物设计与制造 生物组学研究杂志 食品品质与安全研究 网络空间安全科学与技术 植物病理学报 光电进展 精准临床医学 汽车创新工程 清洁能源 应用天然产物 生态系统健康与可持续性 胰腺病学杂志 卒中与血管神经病学 测绘学报 大数据挖掘与分析

18

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020) TAB. 1.12 – China’s English STM journals established in 2018.

Serial no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

English journal name

Chinese journal name

Radiology of Infectious Diseases World Journal of Pediatric Surgery Tungsten Technology Marine Life Science & Technology, MLST Energy & Environmental Materials, EEM CCS Chemistry Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy

感染疾病放射学杂志 世界小儿外科杂志 钨科技 海洋生命科学与技术 能源与环境材料 中国化学会会刊 现代电力系统与清洁能源学 报

TAB. 1.13 – China’s English STM journals established in 2019. Serial no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

1.3.2

English journal name Astrodynamics Radiation Detection Technology and Methods Chinese Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Soil Ecology Letters China CDC Weekly Infectious Microbes & Diseases Maternal–Fetal Medicine Blockchain Technology Journal of Magnesium and Alloys Environmental Science & Ecotechnology Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences Horticulture Research Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing Geography and Sustainability Journal of Safety Science and Resilience Biosafety and Health

Chinese journal name 航天动力学 辐射探测技术与方法 中国整形与重建外科 土壤生态学快报 中国疾病预防控制中心周 报 感染微生物与疾病 母胎医学杂志 区块链研究 镁合金学报 环境科学与生态技术 创新光学健康科学杂志 园艺研究 生物质资源与工程 极端制造 地理学与可持续性 安全科学与韧性 生物安全与健康

Distribution of China’s English STM Journals by Discipline

By the end of 2019, there were 359 English STM journals in China, including those that transferred from Chinese language to English language, and those that changed journal names. The 359 journals cover 62 disciplines, with some disciplines overlapped. The top 3 disciplines with the highest number of journals are: biology (34 journals), mathematics (20 journals), and radio electronics & telecom technology (18 journals) (see table 1.14).

General Information of China’s STM Journals

19

TAB. 1.14 – Distribution of China’s English STM journals by discipline in 2019.

Serial no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

Discipline Biology Mathematics Radio electronics, telecommunications technology Automation technology, computer technology Physics Chemistry Engineering technology (general) Traditional Chinese medicine and pharmacology Material science Environmental science and technology Metal science and metalworking Natural sciences and engineering technology Geophysics Geology Neurology and psychiatry Metallurgical engineering technology Civil engineering Marine science Internal medicine Oil and gas industry Mechanical engineering Energy and power engineering Chemical engineering Mechanics Atmospheric science Oncology Pharmacology Transportation engineering Surgery Pharmaceutical, medical and health sciences Natural geography Basic medicine Obstetrics, gynecology, and pediatrics Agronomy Agricultural science (general) Aeronautical and space science and technology Surveying and mapping science and technology Preventive medicine and hygiene Clinical medicine (general) Forestry Nursing science Otorhinolaryngology and ophthalmology Stomatology Military medicine and special medicine Agricultural basic science

No. of journal 34 20 18 17 14 14 14 12 12 12 11 10 10 9 8 8 8 7 7 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2

% of total 8.83 5.19 4.68 4.42 3.64 3.64 3.64 3.12 3.12 3.12 2.86 2.60 2.60 2.34 2.08 2.08 2.08 1.82 1.82 1.82 1.82 1.82 1.82 1.56 1.56 1.56 1.56 1.56 1.30 1.30 1.04 1.04 1.04 1.04 1.04 1.04 0.78 0.78 0.78 0.78 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.52

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

20

TAB. 1.14 – (continued).

Serial no. 46 47 48

Discipline

Horticulture Animal husbandry, veterinary science Engineering and technology science basic disciplines 49 Mine engineering and technology 50 Nuclear science and technology 51 Electrical engineering 52 Textile science and technology 53 Food science and technology 54 Light industry (excl textile and food) 55 Water conservancy engineering 56 System science 57 Astronomy 58 Management of medical and health services 59 Dermatology and venereology 60 Aquaculture 61 Weapon industry and military technology Total Note: The list is in order of the no. of journals by discipline. The data source is Impact Factor Annual Report 2019 Edition. Some journals belong to more than 2 disciplines.

No. of journal 2 2 2

% of total 0.52 0.52 0.52

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 385

0.52 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 100.00

1.3.3

Citable Documents and Domestic Academic Influence of China’s English STM Journals

1.3.3.1

Volume of Citable Documents

Impact Factor Annual Report shows that the citable documents per journal of China’s English STM journals decreased from 125.36 in 2014 to 105.78 in 2018, with a decrease rate of 15.62% (see table 1.15). The size of citable documents is smaller than the average yearly paper volume of international journals. The WoS journals have an average yearly paper volume of 172 papers, Scopus journals 181 papers.

1.3.3.2

Total Cites

According to Impact Factor Annual Report, the total cites to China’s English STM journals during 2014–2018 were 229 200. The period of 2017–2018 had an increase of 13.12% from 2014–2015. The comprehensive total cites per journal were showing a steady increase from 2014 to 2017, but had a big drop in 2018. The main reason was many new journals were included in the evaluation report. The average yearly total cites during 2014–2018 were 1053.54.

General Information of China’s STM Journals

21

TAB. 1.15 – Citable document volume of China’s English STM journals during 2014–2018. Statistical year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

No. of journal 198 204 221 225 241

Citable document/article 24 821 24 192 24 446 24 278 25 494

Citable document per journal/article 125.36 118.59 110.62 107.90 105.78

Note: The list is in order of statistical year. The data source is Impact Factor Annual Report 2015–2019 Edition.

The total cites by journal articles during 2017–2018 had an increase of 12.66% from 2014–2015. The average yearly cites by journals account for 50.89% of all citations during 2014–2018. The cites by Q1 journals accounted for 29.01%. The cites by doctoral dissertations to the English STM journals were showing an increase during 2014–2017, and accounted for 11.37%–15.61% of the total cites. The percentage is much higher than that of the doctoral dissertation cites to the Chinese language journals (6.11%–8.24%). The cites by master’s theses to the English STM journals account for 30.20%–34.13% of the total cites, lower than that of the master’s theses cites to Chinese language journals (37.10%–42.16%). It indicates that the English STM journals play a more important role in the education of higher level specialized talents (see table 1.16).

1.3.3.3

Impact Factor

According to the Impact Factor Annual Report, the average yearly comprehensive impact factor per journal of English STM journals in the past 5 years was 0.733. The average comprehensive impact factor per journal during 2014–2018 was showing an overall increasing trend, with a slight decrease from 2017 to 2018. The impact factor increased by 14.97% from 2014 to 2018, with an average yearly increase rate of 3.55% (see table 1.17).

1.3.3.4

Immediacy Index

According to data in Impact Factor Annual Report, the average immediacy index per journal was 0.156 in the past 5 years. The immediacy index during 2014–2018 was fluctuating (see table 1.17).

1.3.3.5

Self-Citation of a Journal

According to data in Impact Factor Annual Report, the average self-citation rate of China’s English STM journals in the past 5 years was 17.49%. Journals with a self-citation rate lower than 10% account for 37.16% of the total journals, journals with a self-citation rate lower than 20% account for 67.20% of the total journals, and journals with a self-citation rate higher than 20% account for 32.80% of the total. These rates are much higher than those of Chinese language journals. The above data indicate that English STM journals have relatively more serious self-citations (see table 1.18).

22

TAB. 1.16 – Cites by different types of papers to China’s English STM journals during 2014–2018.

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Comprehensive total cites

208 214 244 242 236

025 914 630 241 188

Cites by journal articles Times cited 105 466 112 831 118 354 120 537 125 401

% 50.70 52.50 48.38 49.76 53.09

Cites by Q1 journals 60 587 65 341 68 337 68 002 69 727

By doctoral dissertations % 29.12 30.40 27.93 28.07 29.52

Times cited 29 797 24 438 35 861 37 820 34 092

% 14.32 11.37 14.66 15.61 14.43

By master’s theses Times cited 68 671 71 121 83 500 78 241 71 329

% 33.01 33.09 34.13 32.30 30.20

Note: The list is in order of statistical year. The data source is Impact Factor Annual Report 2015–2019 Edition. The percentage here refers to the total cites of a type of papers against the comprehensive total cites in the statistical year.

By conference papers Times cited 4091 6524 6915 5643 5366

% 1.97 3.04 2.83 2.33 2.27

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

Statistical year

General Information of China’s STM Journals

23

TAB. 1.17 – Change in domestic citation index for China’s English STM journals during 2014–2018. Statistical year

Comprehensive total cites Average

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

1050.63 1053.50 1106.92 1076.63 980.03

Increase rate % – 0.27 5.07 –2.74 –8.97

Comprehensive IF Average 0.673 0.685 0.755 0.778 0.773

Increase rate % – 1.85 10.21 2.99 –0.55

Comprehensive immediacy index Average 0.143 0.165 0.140 0.168 0.165

Increase rate % – 15.58 –15.27 20.46 –2.16

Note: The list is in order of statistical year. The data source is Impact Factor Annual Report 2015–2019 Edition. The increase rate is a year-on-year increase rate.

1.3.4

International Academic Influence of China’s English STM Journals

1.3.4.1

Yearly Change of Total Cites

According to data in International Citation Annual Report, the total international cites to China’s STM journals during 2014–2018 were, respectively, 464 100, 513 100, 634 500, 716 300, and 855 500. The total cites to English language STM journals were, respectively, 174 000, 204 200, 251 900, 293 700, and 368 800. The total international cites to English STM journals were increasing, with a yearly increase rate of 20.66%. The average yearly international cites to English STM journals, during 2014–2018, account for 37.48%, 39.80%, 39.70%, 41.01%, 43.11%, respectively, of the total international cites to China’s STM journals, showing an increasing trend. It indicates that China’s English language STM journals are playing an increasingly important role in the international academic exchange (see table 1.19).

1.3.4.2

Distribution of Total Cites by Discipline

The 241 English STM journals included in the International Citation Annual Report 2019 Edition cover 55 disciplines. Considering some overlaps in disciplines, the actual number of journals is 277. The top 3 disciplines with the highest number of journals are: biology (26 journals), mathematics (17 journals), and engineering technology (general) (15 journals). The top 3 disciplines with the highest international cites are: biology (60 788), physics (34 710), and material science (33 041). The top 3 disciplines with the highest average international cites per journal are: material science (3671.22), metal science & metalworking (3314.00), and chemistry (2785.09) (see table 1.20).

Statistical year

Self-citation rate % 0
No. of journal 72 72 83 93 85

198 204 221 225 241

10
% 36.36 35.29 37.56 41.33 35.27

No. of journal 63 71 63 52 77

20
% 31.82 34.80 28.51 23.11 31.95

No. of journal 42 29 37 40 37

30
% 21.21 14.22 16.74 17.78 15.35

No. of journal 13 16 18 24 26

40
% 6.57 7.84 8.14 10.67 10.79

No. of journal 6 9 12 11 8

≥50 % 3.03 4.41 5.43 4.89 3.32

Note: The list is in order of statistical year. The data source is Impact Factor Annual Report 2015–2019 Edition. The percentage here refers to the number of journals in a tier of self-citations against the total number of journals. TAB. 1.19 – Total international cites and increase of China’s English STM journals in 2014–2018. Statistical year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Total international cites All STM journals 464 093 513 079 634 490 716 273 855 460

English STM journals 173 962 204 217 251 916 293 734 368 756

%

Increase rate %

37.48 39.80 39.70 41.01 43.11

– 17.39 23.36 16.60 25.54

Note: The list is in order of statistical year. The data source is International Citation Annual Report 2015–2019 Edition. The percentage here refers to the total international cites to English journals in a statistical year against the total cites to all journals in that year. The increase rate here refers to the year-on-year increase rate of the total international cites to English journals.

No. of journal 2 7 8 5 8

% 1.01 3.43 3.62 2.22 3.32

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

No. of journal

24

TAB. 1.18 – Distribution of self-citations of China’s English STM journals during 2014–2018.

General Information of China’s STM Journals

25

TAB. 1.20 – Total international cites to China’s English STM journals by discipline in 2018. Serial no. 1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32

26 17 15

Total international cites 60 788 9005 16 093

% of total cites 14.79 2.19 3.91

International cites per journal 2338.00 529.71 1072.87

14

12 232

2.98

873.71

13 11 11

34 710 30 636 9403

8.44 7.45 2.29

2670.00 2785.09 854.82

9 8

33 041 26 512

8.04 6.45

3671.22 3314.00

8 7 7

8791 7385 5801

2.14 1.80 1.41

1098.88 1055.00 828.71

7 6 6

4396 15 066 15 048

1.07 3.66 3.66

628.00 2511.00 2508.00

6 6 6

9435 8602 6398

2.30 2.09 1.56

1572.50 1433.67 1066.33

6 5

4597 10 129

1.12 2.46

766.17 2025.80

5

9475

2.30

1895.00

5 5 5 4 4

6570 6138 4782 3072 2831

1.60 1.49 1.16 0.75 0.69

1314.00 1227.60 956.40 768.00 707.75

4

2508

0.61

627.00

4 3 3 3 3

2394 6529 5805 3839 2108

0.58 1.59 1.41 0.93 0.51

598.50 2176.33 1935.00 1279.67 702.67

Discipline

No. of journal

Biology Mathematics Engineering technology (general) Radio electronics, telecommunications technology Physics Chemistry Automation technology, computer technology Material science Metal science and metalworking Geophysics Geology Traditional Chinese medicine and pharmacology Civil engineering Pharmacology Environmental science and technology Mechanics Chemical engineering Natural sciences and engineering technology Marine science Pharmaceutical, medical and health science Metallurgical engineering technology Neurology and psychiatry Natural geography Atmospheric science Internal medicine Agricultural science (general) Energy and power engineering Mechanical engineering Basic medicine Surgery Oncology Otorhinolaryngology and ophthalmology

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

26

TAB. 1.20 – (continued). Serial no. 33 34

Discipline

No. of journal

Total international cites 1165 3297

% of total cites 0.28 0.80

International cites per journal 388.33 1648.50

Transportation engineering 3 Engineering and technology 2 science basic disciplines 35 Aeronautical and space 2 2680 0.65 1340.00 science and technology 36 Animal husbandry, 2 1695 0.41 847.50 veterinary science 37 Forestry 2 1582 0.39 791.00 38 Water conservancy 2 1522 0.37 761.00 engineering 39 Agronomy 2 1425 0.35 712.50 40 Stomatology 2 1315 0.32 657.50 41 Oil and gas industry 2 1004 0.24 502.00 42 Clinical medicine (general) 2 840 0.20 420.00 43 Obstetrics, gynecology, and 2 825 0.20 412.50 pediatrics 44 Mine engineering technology 1 3011 0.73 3011.00 45 Agricultural basic science 1 2836 0.69 2836.00 46 Astronomy 1 1643 0.40 1643.00 47 Nuclear science and 1 584 0.14 584.00 technology 48 System science 1 471 0.12 471.00 49 Weapon industry and 1 430 0.11 430.00 military technology 50 Surveying and mapping 1 386 0.09 386.00 science and technology 51 Textile science and 1 105 0.03 105.00 technology 52 Electrical engineering 1 89 0.02 89.00 53 Horticulture 1 80 0.02 80.00 54 Nursing science 1 44 0.01 44.00 55 Light industry (excl textile 1 12 0.00 12.00 and food) Total 277 411 160 100.00 1484.33 Note: The list is in order of the no. of journals by discipline. The data source is International Citation Annual Report 2015–2019 Edition. The percentage here refers to the total international cites to a discipline against the total international cites to all English STM journals. Some journals belong to more than 2 disciplines.

1.3.4.3

The Average Total Cites Per Journal and Impact Factor of the Top Journals

The number of English STM journals selected into the Top journals was increasing every year (for the list of English Top journals in 2019, please see appendix table A.2), from 149 in 2014 to 203 in 2018, with an increase rate of 36.24%. The international cites per journal of English Top journals increased from 1133.95 in 2014 to 1778.91

General Information of China’s STM Journals

27

in 2018, with an increase of 56.88%, 11.82% average yearly increase rate. The impact factor based on international cites increased from 1.303 in 2014 to 2.423 in 2018, with an increase of 85.94%, 16.77% average yearly increase rate (see table 1.21). The data indicate that both the number and international influence of English language journals are growing fast.

1.3.4.4

Inclusion of English STM Journals by International Databases

The English STM journals of China have gained increasingly prominent position and roles in international academic exchange, hence have received greater attention and recognition from the international well-known databases. Here we choose WoS, two comprehensive citation databases of Scopus, EI (engineering technology), PubMed (biology and medicine), Chemical Abstracts-ACS (chemistry), Math SciNet-MSN (mathematics), GeoRef (earth science), and six professional abstract databases of CAB Abstracts (agriculture) to record and analyze the inclusion of China’s English STM journals. 281 of China’s English journals were included by at least 1 of the above mentioned databases (see details in table 1.22). Table 1.23 lists the 109 journals included in at least 4 of the above databases, among which 1 journal was included by 6 databases, 29 were included by 5 databases, and 79 were included by 4 databases. TAB. 1.21 – Change in international influence of China’s English STM journals listed as 2014–2018 Top journals. Statistical year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

No. of Top English STM journals 149 167 174 192 203

Total cites without self-citations per journal 1133.95 1194.62 1408.29 1492.47 1778.91

IF without self-citations 1.303 1.471 1.775 2.042 2.423

Note: The list is in order of the no. of journals by discipline. The data source is International Citation Annual Report 2015–2019 Edition.

TAB. 1.22 – No. of China’s English STM journals included in international databases. Serial no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Database WoS Scopus EI PubMed ACS CAB Abstracts GeoRef MSN

Disciplines Comprehensive Comprehensive Engineering technology Biology & medicine Chemistry Agriculture Geoscience Mathematics

Note: The data source is the international databases. The data were obtained in March 2020.

No. of journals 228 242 75 63 137 60 24 28

Serial no. 1 2 3

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

CN

WoS

Scopus

EI

PubMed

ACS

Y

Y

Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica Acta Geochimica Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition) Acta Mechanica Sinica Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters) Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B Acta Pharmacologica Sinica Advances in Atmospheric Sciences Animal Nutrition Applied Mathematics and Mechanics (English Edition) Asian Journal of Andrology Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Biomedical and Environmental Sciences Bone Research Cancer Biology & Medicine Cell Research Cellular & Molecular Immunology Chinese Geographical Science

31-1940/Q

Y

Y

52-1161/P 11-2001/P

Y Y

Y Y

Y

Y Y

11-2063/O3 21-1361/TG

Y Y

Y Y

Y Y

Y Y

10-1171/R 31-1347/R 11-1925/O4 10-1360/S 31-1650/O1

Y Y Y Y Y

Y Y Y Y Y

31-1795/R 21-1608/R

Y Y

Y Y

Y Y

Y Y

Y

11-2816/Q

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

51-1745/R 12-1431/R 31-1568/Q 11-4987/R 22-1174/P

Y Y Y Y Y

Y Y Y Y Y

Y Y Y Y

Y Y Y Y

Y Y

Y Y Y

Y

CAB Abstracts Y

GeoRef

MSN

Y Y Y

Y Y Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

4 5

English journal name

28

TAB. 1.23 – List of China’s English STM journals included in international databases.

Serial no. 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35

English journal name

CN

WoS

Scopus

EI

Chinese Journal of Aeronautics Chinese Journal of Cancer Research Chinese Journal of Catalysis Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology Chinese Journal of Traumatology Chinese Medical Journal Chinese Optics Letters Chinese Physics B Chinese Physics Letters Communications in Theoretical Physics Current Medical Science Current Zoology Defense Technology

11-1732/V 11-2591/R

Y Y

Y Y

Y

21-1601/O6 11-3270/TQ

Y Y

Y Y

Y Y

11-4928/R

Y

Y

11-2737/TH

Y

Y

32-1845/R

Y

Y

37-1518/P

Y

Y

50-1115/R 11-2154/R 31-1890/O4 11-5639/O4 11-1959/O4 11-2592/O3

Y Y Y Y Y Y

Y Y Y Y Y Y

42-1898/R 11-5794/Q 10-1165/TJ

Y Y Y

Y Y Y

PubMed

ACS

Y

Y Y

GeoRef

MSN

Y Y Y

Y

Y

Y

Y Y

Y Y Y Y

Y Y Y

CAB Abstracts

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

General Information of China’s STM Journals

TAB. 1.23 – (continued).

Y

Y Y

Y

29

Serial no. 36 37 38 39

41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51

English journal name

CN

WoS

Scopus

EI

PubMed

ACS

CAB Abstracts

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering Frontiers of Earth Science Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics Geoscience Frontiers Geo-spatial Information Science Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International Horticulture Research IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica Insect Science Integrative Zoology International Journal of Coal Science & Mining Engineering International Journal of Minerals Metallurgy and Materials International Journal of Mining Science and Technology International Journal of Oral Science

23-1496/P

Y

Y

Y

11-5981/TQ

Y

Y

Y

Y

11-5982/P 10-1013/X

Y Y

Y Y

Y

Y Y

11-4926/Q

Y

Y

11-5920/P 42-1610/P 33-1391/R

Y Y Y

Y Y Y

32-1888/S6 10-1193/TP

Y Y

Y Y

11-6019/Q 11-6012/Q 10-1252/TD

Y Y

Y Y Y

Y

Y

11-5787/TF

Y

Y

Y

Y

32-1827/TD

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

51-1707/R

Y

Y

Y

Y

GeoRef

MSN

Y

Y

Y Y

Y Y Y

Y

Y Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y Y Y

Y

Y

Y Y Y

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

40

30

TAB. 1.23 – (continued).

Serial no. 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68

English journal name

CN

WoS

Scopus

EI

International Journal of Sediment Research Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology Journal of Arid Land Journal of Central South University Journal of Computer Science & Technology Journal of Earth Science Journal of Energy Chemistry Journal of Environmental Sciences Journal of Forestry Research Journal of Genetics and Genomics Journal of Geriatric Cardiology Journal of Integrative Agriculture Journal of Integrative Medicine Journal of Integrative Plant Biology Journal of Materials Science & Technology Journal of Mountain Science Journal of Ocean University of China

11-2699/P

Y

Y

11-5967/S

Y

Y

65-1278/K 43-1516/TB

Y Y

Y Y

Y

11-2296/TP

Y

Y

Y

42-1788/P 10-1287/O6 11-2629/X

Y Y Y

Y Y Y

Y Y

23-1409/S 11-5450/R 11-5329/R 10-1039/S 31-2083/R 11-5067/Q

Y Y Y Y Y Y

Y Y Y Y Y Y

21-1315/TG

Y

Y

51-1668/P 37-1415/P

Y Y

Y Y

PubMed

Y

ACS

Y

CAB Abstracts Y

MSN

Y

Y Y

Y

Y Y

Y

Y Y Y Y Y

GeoRef

Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

Y

Y

Y Y Y

General Information of China’s STM Journals

TAB. 1.23 – (continued).

Y Y Y

Y

Y

Y Y

Y Y

31

Serial no. 69 70 71 72

75

76

77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84

English journal name

CN

WoS

Scopus

EI

PubMed

ACS

Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis Journal of Rare Earths Journal of Southeast University (English Edition) Journal of Systems Science & Complexity Journal of Thermal Science Journal of Wuhan University of Technology (Materials Science Edition) Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A (Applied Physics & Engineering) Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B (Biomedicine & Biotechnology) Light: Science & Applications Microsystems & Nanoengineering Molecular Plant Nano Research Nano-Micro Letters National Science Review Natural Products and Bioprospecting Neural Regeneration Research

61-1484/R

Y

Y

Y

Y

11-2788/TF 32-1325/N

Y

Y Y

Y Y

11-4543/O1

Y

Y

Y

11-2853/O4 42-1680/TB

Y Y

Y Y

Y Y

Y Y

33-1236/O4

Y

Y

Y

Y

33-1356/Q

Y

Y

22-1404/O4 10-1327/TN 31-2013/Q 11-5974/O4 31-2103/TB 10-1088/N 53-1234/Q

Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

Y Y Y Y Y Y

11-5422/R

Y

Y

Y Y

GeoRef

MSN

Y Y Y

Y

Y Y

CAB Abstracts

Y Y Y

Y

Y

Y Y Y Y Y Y

Y

Y

Y Y Y

Y

Y

Y

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

73 74

32

TAB. 1.23 – (continued).

Serial no. 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104

English journal name

CN

WoS

Scopus

EI

PubMed

ACS

Neuroscience Bulletin Particuology Pedosphere Petroleum Science Photonics Research Plant Diversity Plasma Science and Technology Protein & Cell Rare Metals Science Bulletin Science China Earth Sciences Science China Information Sciences Science China Life Sciences Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy Science China Technological Sciences Science China Materials Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy The Chinese Journal of Dental Research The Journal of Biomedical Research Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China

31-1975/R 11-5671/O3 32-1315/P 11-4995/TE 31-2126/O4 53-1233/Q 34-1187/TL 11-5886/Q 11-2112/TF 10-1298/N 11-5843/P 11-5847/TP

Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

Y

Y Y Y Y Y

11-5841/Q 11-5849/N

Y Y

Y Y

Y

Y Y

11-5845/TH

Y

Y

Y

Y

10-1236/TB 51-1758/R

Y Y

Y Y

Y

10-1194/R

Y

32-1810/R 43-1239/TG

Y

Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

GeoRef

MSN

Y Y Y

Y Y Y Y

Y Y Y Y

Y

Y

Y Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

CAB Abstracts

Y

General Information of China’s STM Journals

TAB. 1.23 – (continued).

Y

33

Serial no. 105 106 107 108 109

34

TAB. 1.23 – (continued). English journal name

CN

WoS

Scopus

EI

Tsinghua Science and Technology Virologica Sinica Water Science and Engineering World Journal of Emergency Medicine Zoological Research

11-3745/N 42-1760/Q 32-1785/TV 33-1408/R

Y Y Y Y

Y Y Y Y

Y

53-1229/Q

Y

Y

ACS

Y

Y Y Y Y

Y

Y

Y Y

CAB Abstracts

GeoRef

MSN

Y

Y

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

Note: The list is in order of journal names. The data source is the international databases. The data were obtained in March 2020. “Y” means the journal was included in that database.

PubMed

General Information of China’s STM Journals

35

References [1] Reng S., Ning B., Yan J. (2018) Review on the development of China’s English STM journals in 2017, Sci. Technol. Publ. 47. [2] Reng S., Xiao H., Ning B., et al. (2019) Review on the development of China’s English STM journals in 2018, Sci. Technol. Publ. 30. [3] Reng S., Ning B., Chen Z., et al. (2020) Review on the development of China’s English STM journals in 2019, Sci. Technol. Publ. 6.

Appendix TAB. A.1 – Top Chinese journals of international influence in 2019. Serial no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Journal name

CI

IF without self-citations

318.692 266.811 242.740 239.430

Total cites without self-citations 7003 5899 2211 5176

Acta Petrologica Sinica Proceedings of the CSEE Chinese Journal of Cancer Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics & Engineering Acta Physica Sinica Automation of Electric Power Systems Power System Technology Rock & Soil Mechanics Acta Ecologica Sinica Petroleum Exploration & Development Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Acta Geologica Sinica Acta Chimica Sinica China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica Journal of China Coal Society Earth Science Frontiers Chinese Journal of Geophysics Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica Acta Geographica Sinica Acta Automatica Sinica Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Journal of Mechanical Engineering Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry Geological Bulletin of China

218.228 209.537 196.888 191.224 185.762 181.629 165.926

4819 4343 3933 3819 4173 2440 3586

0.430 0.630 0.702 0.676 0.253 1.781 0.318

165.638 163.273 152.515

3210 1917 3344

0.650 1.898 0.233

147.108 142.026 132.033 130.143 128.889 121.345 116.012

3005 2500 2652 2089 2303 1942 2333

0.419 0.784 0.406 0.917 0.672 0.859 0.343

112.895 111.910 111.181

2337 1706 2260

0.267 0.879 0.302

0.944 0.638 3.554 0.603

36

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020) TAB. A.1 – (continued).

Serial no. 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59

IF without self-citations

107.685

Total cites without self-citations 2127

104.946 104.591 101.636 101.415 101.178 101.003 99.433 98.862 96.890 96.368 94.716 93.871 90.905

1969 2061 1754 2123 1194 2041 2010 1632 1659 2043 1853 1577 1230

0.444 0.344 0.584 0.209 1.170 0.280 0.274 0.644 0.569 0.170 0.320 0.582 0.879

90.904 85.505 81.163 79.848 77.045 76.999

923 1436 1704 1084 1596 1277

1.219 0.529 0.151 0.768 0.163 0.492

76.891 75.672 74.374 74.261 73.333

1629 1317 1385 1544 1454

0.126 0.418 0.316 0.150 0.220

72.154 71.370 69.792 69.613 69.203 68.967 68.674 68.286

846 1317 1217 1293 1233 1240 1306 1233

0.841 0.315 0.382 0.298 0.351 0.338 0.262 0.329

67.860 67.638

1123 937

0.435 0.630

Journal name

CI

Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society Chinese Science Bulletin High Voltage Engineering Acta Petrolei Sinica Environmental Science Acta Polymerica Sinica Spectroscopy & Spectral Analysis Rare Metal Materials & Engineering Geological Review Acta Metallurgica Sinica Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology Power System Protection & Control Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry Journal of China University of Mining & Technology New Carbon Materials Earth Science Scientia Agricultura Sinica Progress in Chemistry Chinese Traditional & Herbal Drugs Journal of Electronics & Information Technology National Medical Journal of China Natural Gas Industry Control & Decision Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery Vertebrata Palasiatica Chinese Journal of Epidemiology Journal of Software Mineral Deposits Optics & Precision Engineering Geology in China Acta Optica Sinica Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities Journal of Fuel Chemistry & Technology Chinese Journal of Chromatography

0.351

General Information of China’s STM Journals

37

TAB. A.1 – (continued). Serial no. 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94

IF without self-citations

67.232 64.986 64.658 64.499 64.274

Total cites without self-citations 1351 1152 1029 991 1083

63.964 63.905 63.010 62.903 62.804 62.666 62.554 62.489

1046 848 1016 1212 1144 1138 1227 1066

0.423 0.636 0.432 0.222 0.291 0.294 0.198 0.366

62.362

1263

0.156

61.476 61.445 60.520 60.084

1209 1063 1127 1227

0.191 0.344 0.254 0.139

59.850 59.628 59.584 57.983

1212 1230 1180 1055

0.149 0.125 0.176 0.269

57.767 57.734 55.314 54.266 54.060 54.041 53.824 53.719 53.506 53.176 53.099 53.010 52.679

1069 1055 1051 921 1108 973 954 877 354 975 977 1044 848

0.249 0.263 0.209 0.322 0.119 0.261 0.276 0.356 0.934 0.238 0.234 0.161 0.362

Journal name

CI

Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae Acta Sedimentologica Sinica Chinese Journal of Computers Journal of Inorganic Materials Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition) Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry Journal of Materials Engineering Acta Geoscientica Sinica Acta Electronica Sinica Geographical Research Journal of Hydraulic Engineering China Environmental Science China Population, Resources & Environment Journal of Central South University (Science & Technology) Acta Agronomica Sinica Electric Power Automation Equipment Journal of Natural Resources Systems Engineering – Theory & Practice CIESC Journal Journal of Vibration & Shock Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Resources Science Geochimica Chinese Journal of Lasers Acta Photonica Sinica Journal of Glaciology & Geocryology Scientia Geographica Sinica Chinese Journal of Geology Natural Gas Geoscience Chinese Optics China Civil Engineering Journal Infrared & Laser Engineering Engineering Mechanics Progress in Geography

0.181 0.335 0.458 0.495 0.391

38

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020) TAB. A.1 – (continued).

Serial no. 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130

IF without self-citations

52.622 51.457 51.040 50.901 50.728 50.476 50.152 50.004

Total cites without self-citations 1002 852 712 945 958 925 960 919

49.981 49.625 49.387 49.212 49.083 48.797 48.764 48.298 48.026 47.286

791 1019 707 902 947 287 952 830 956 784

0.358 0.106 0.435 0.220 0.169 0.893 0.156 0.275 0.134 0.300

46.971 46.791 46.594 46.412 45.242 44.630 44.440

949 879 853 941 888 817 795

0.116 0.186 0.209 0.111 0.139 0.200 0.219

44.247 43.577 43.364 43.336 43.176 43.010 42.254 41.819 41.813 41.580 41.530

827 744 639 812 814 710 742 710 578 835 722

0.180 0.253 0.362 0.174 0.168 0.276 0.223 0.247 0.391 0.107 0.227

Journal name

CI

Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument Oil & Gas Geology Journal of Remote Sensing Journal of Southern Medical University Systems Engineering & Electronics Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology Quaternary Sciences Acta Aeronautica ET Astronautica Sinica Acta Meteorologica Sinica Chinese Journal of Ecology Acta Geodaetica Cartographica Sinica Advances in Earth Science Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society Advances in Mechanics Journal of Computer Applications Control Theory & Applications Chinese Accupuncture & Moxibustion Journal of Computer Research & Development Scientia Sinica Terrae Acta Entomologica Sinica Journal of Building Structures Application Research of Computers Journal of Agro-Environment Science Acta Palaeontologica Sinica Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems Geological Journal of China Universities Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering Geotectonica et Metallogenia Scientia Silvae Sinicae Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica Seismology & Geology Research of Environmental Sciences Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine Biodiversity Science Materials Review Geomatics & Information Science of Wuhan University

0.196 0.328 0.470 0.215 0.197 0.226 0.181 0.221

General Information of China’s STM Journals

39

TAB. A.1 – (continued). Serial no. 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147

IF without self-citations

41.292 41.111 40.803 40.521 39.863

Total cites without self-citations 750 695 808 667 644

39.693 39.628

642 773

0.269 0.126

39.496 39.297 39.230

679 681 778

0.224 0.217 0.111

38.399 37.166 36.969 36.868 36.771 36.544 36.398

502 683 661 680 572 468 662

0.391 0.163 0.182 0.159 0.274 0.383 0.167

Journal name

CI

Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica Advances in Water Science Computer Science Chinese Journal of Oncology Journal of China University of Petroleum (Edition of Natural Science) Journal of Communications Journal of Tsinghua University (Science & Technology) Chinese Journal of Cardiology Journal of Lake Sciences Journal of Tongji University (Natural Science) Sciencia Sinica (Chimica) Chinese Journal of Engineering Acta Pedologica Sinica Acta Oceanologica Sinica Hereditas Robot Chinese Journal of Pediatrics

0.191 0.246 0.117 0.262 0.271

Note: The list is in order of CI value. Data source: International Citation Annual Report 2019 Edition. CI is a comprehensive index that reflects a journal’s influence. It combines the total cites without self-citations and Impact Factor without self-citations. It is used to sort the journals in a category. pffiffiffi qffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi Calculation of CI: CI = 2  ð1  AÞ2 þ ð1  BÞ2 . A = (IF of a journal − lowest IF in a category)/(highest IF in a category − lowest IF in a category). B = (TC of a journal − lowest TC in a category)/(highest TC in a category − lowest TC in a category).

40

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020) TAB. A.2 – Top English journals of international influence in 2019.

Serial no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35

IF without self-citations

1373.874 870.386 826.620 740.877 646.456 565.403 511.258 503.813 495.659 470.854 439.101

Total cites without self-citations 15 012 15 643 9037 5725 4234 11 637 8472 1552 1811 3884 6086

439.071 434.108

4810 9243

5.484 1.914

426.920 414.263 410.774 401.772 400.665 378.423 348.113 341.544 334.059 331.694 313.723

3181 4188 5375 6310 2084 3308 907 7124 4151 7318 1581

7.292 5.582 4.217 3.185 8.304 5.745 8.762 1.328 3.642 1.004 6.389

308.672 307.511

2781 4058

4.566 3.108

306.800 296.128 268.752 264.743 264.549 262.459 254.915 253.043 252.100

2256 2101 3514 1974 5418 4059 1849 2182 3011

5.199 5.116 2.745 4.430 0.950 2.063 4.329 3.856 2.875

Journal name

CI

Cell Research Nano Research Molecular Plant Light: Science & Applications Fungal Diversity Journal of Environmental Sciences Acta Pharmacologica Sinica Bone Research National Science Review Cellular & Molecular Immunology Journal of Materials Science & Technology Science China Chemistry Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China Protein & Cell Chinese Physics C Chinese Journal of Catalysis Chinese Chemical Letters Nano-Micro Letters Science Bulletin npj Computational Materials Chinese Medical Journal Journal of Integrative Plant Biology Chinese Physics B Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics Journal of Energy Chemistry Progress in Natural Science: Materials International Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B Photonics Research Asian Journal of Andrology Journal of Genetics and Genomics Chinese Physics Letters Journal of Rare Earths Journal of Molecular Cell Biology Geoscience Frontiers International Journal of Mining Science and Technology

17.490 7.979 10.345 13.527 13.298 3.337 3.885 15.189 13.143 7.523 4.199

General Information of China’s STM Journals

41

TAB. A.2 – (continued). Serial no. 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66

IF without self-citations

252.073 250.496

Total cites without self-citations 2836 1226

250.022 247.501 242.822 237.111 236.975 235.968

3836 1584 797 3371 3160 2473

1.989 4.480 5.483 2.143 2.354 3.075

234.503 230.927 229.837 229.185

663 3337 3485 359

5.442 2.032 1.861 5.764

227.724

1924

3.515

226.512

3540

1.731

225.634 220.454

2246 1484

3.077 3.879

219.154 219.135 218.233 211.830 211.560 200.500 194.854 194.431 192.996

2612 1072 1036 886 1776 3000 2038 1274 1375

2.505 4.397 4.422 4.453 3.277 1.655 2.544 3.455 3.289

192.336 191.577 187.377 185.706 182.211

2411 2317 1766 2564 2586

2.070 2.153 2.670 1.749 1.643

181.434

2715

1.493

Journal name

CI

Pedosphere IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica Science China Earth Sciences Science China Materials Translational Neurodegeneration Neural Regeneration Research Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy Microsystems & Nanoengineering Chinese Journal of Chemistry Science China Technological Sciences Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering Science China Life Sciences Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Particuology Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis Cancer Biology & Medicine Engineering Neuroscience Bulletin Advances in Atmospheric Sciences Chinese Journal of Polymer Science Journal of Systematics and Evolution Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology Journal of Geographical Sciences Science China Information Sciences Insect Science Chinese Journal of Aeronautics Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B (Biomedicine & Biotechnology) Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition)

3.066 5.065

42

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020) TAB. A.2 – (continued).

Serial no. 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96

IF without self-citations

180.513

Total cites without self-citations 1585

164.147

2079

1.743

164.118 163.443 160.567

1151 3081 2451

2.812 0.720 1.268

159.937 157.396 157.226 156.369 154.342 150.965

1113 770 1535 2338 2188 2069

2.750 3.116 2.178 1.284 1.391 1.435

148.134 141.948

1461 897

2.035 2.548

137.801 137.721 137.319 136.576

1599 1213 1503 787

1.623 2.060 1.718 2.544

135.098 134.728 134.686 132.945

1678 1094 1173 2070

1.470 2.124 2.030 1.003

132.137

1630

1.450

132.058 130.974 130.568 127.929

1688 475 1697 1073

1.385 2.791 1.339 1.976

125.406

518

2.588

123.921 123.373 123.161

869 1649 1674

2.116 1.216 1.184

Journal name

CI

Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Biomedical and Environmental Sciences Infectious Diseases of Poverty Journal of Central South University Communications in Theoretical Physics International Journal of Oral Science The Crop Journal Journal of Plant Ecology Journal of Integrative Agriculture Chinese Optics Letters Applied Mathematics and Mechanics (English Edition) Current Zoology Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering China Communications Journal of Bionic Engineering Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy Rare Metals Frontiers of Physics Chinese Journal of Cancer Research Journal of Iron and Steel Research (International) Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International Journal of Hydrodynamics Friction Acta Mechanica Sinica International Journal of Automation and Computing CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems Integrative Zoology Journal of Mountain Science Journal of Semiconductors

2.709

General Information of China’s STM Journals

43

TAB. A.2 – (continued). Serial no. 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125

IF without self-citations

122.352

Total cites without self-citations 1541

121.969

1388

1.467

121.539 121.523

655 1665

2.315 1.154

121.517 119.384

907 1669

2.009 1.098

118.824 116.251

346 1643

2.633 1.050

115.911

1640

1.045

115.477 114.262 114.248 112.120

566 615 901 973

2.267 2.175 1.831 1.693

110.259 109.996

757 394

1.900 2.338

107.543 107.390 106.349 106.294

1054 885 914 1925

1.485 1.676 1.616 0.520

106.067

1282

1.193

105.602 104.950 104.502 103.836 102.951 102.172 102.118

429 1049 855 1449 1130 1025 545

2.179 1.426 1.638 0.957 1.285 1.384 1.946

102.105 100.651

1302 386

1.074 2.103

Journal name

CI

Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters) Rice Science Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A (Applied Physics & Engineering) Journal of Integrative Medicine International Journal of Ophthalmology Eye and Vision Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics International Journal of Minerals Metallurgy and Materials Virologica Sinica Journal of Advanced Ceramics Frontiers of Medicine International Journal of Sediment Research Building Simulation High Power Laser Science and Engineering Journal of Earth Science Journal of Geriatric Cardiology The Journal of Biomedical Research Journal of Wuhan University of Technology (Materials Science Edition) Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering Advances in Climate Change Research Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica Petroleum Science Current Medical Science Chinese Geographical Science Tsinghua Science and Technology International Journal of Disaster Risk Science Journal of Forestry Research Geo-spatial Information Science

1.308

44

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020) TAB. A.2 – (continued).

Serial no. 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158

IF without self-citations

98.469

Total cites without self-citations 434

97.550 97.326 95.928 95.855

1516 272 1282 435

0.734 2.158 0.945 1.918

94.235

1304

0.880

94.110 93.172 91.548 91.169 90.888 90.820

1547 1515 600 296 1287 1046

0.619 0.630 1.609 1.967 0.817 1.079

89.507 87.266 86.783 82.605

887 457 1122 1088

1.225 1.670 0.896 0.831

82.360 81.404 80.347 80.222 80.050 78.787 77.240 76.677 75.102 74.740

693 592 552 773 549 320 356 280 739 459

1.268 1.361 1.381 1.123 1.377 1.617 1.534 1.611 1.034 1.348

74.247

1054

0.664

74.169 73.067 72.145 71.944 71.902 70.991

715 566 591 223 364 746

1.038 1.181 1.129 1.558 1.388 0.924

Journal name

CI

International Soil and Water Conservation Research Journal of Oceanology and Limnology Digital Communications and Networks Science China Mathematics Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition) Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine Acta Mathematica Sinica Acta Oceanologica Sinica Frontiers of Materials Science Military Medical Research Plasma Science and Technology Journal of Computer Science & Technology Journal of Computational Mathematics Frontiers in Energy Acta Mathematica Scientia Chemical Research in Chinese Universities Journal of Arid Land Zoological Research Control Theory and Technology World Journal of Pediatrics Water Science and Engineering Animal Nutrition Advances in Manufacturing Forest Ecosystems Chinese Journal of Traumatology Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Acta Geochimica Frontiers of Earth Science Frontiers of Computer Science Journal of Palaeogeography Geodesy and Geodynamics Journal of Thermal Science

1.987

General Information of China’s STM Journals

45

TAB. A.2 – (continued). Serial no. 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187

IF without self-citations

70.433

Total cites without self-citations 996

70.049

478

1.207

69.917

613

1.048

68.184

802

0.792

67.418 67.058 66.453 65.623 64.355 63.989

421 913 609 481 149 474

1.207 0.642 0.966 1.092 1.452 1.059

63.754 62.308 62.135

430 378 306

1.104 1.128 1.208

61.661 60.057 59.645 59.631 58.212 57.807 57.710

256 682 606 350 309 651 471

1.255 0.725 0.800 1.093 1.105 0.704 0.905

57.331

122

1.304

56.328 56.021 55.503 54.980 54.773

474 421 584 662 216

0.867 0.920 0.722 0.622 1.127

53.074 52.566

617 350

0.625 0.915

51.031

143

1.118

Journal name

CI

Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters Journal of Systems Science & Complexity Journal of Meteorological Research Journal of Ocean University of China Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering World Journal of Emergency Medicine Computational Visual Media Journal of Marine Science and Application Defence Technology Frontiers of Architectural Research Numerical Mathematics (Theory, Methods and Applications) Journal of Modern Transportation Chinese Journal of Electronics General Psychiatry Frontiers of Optoelectronics Chinese Herbal Medicines Applied Geophysics Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine Frontiers in Biology Photonic Sensors Nuclear Science and Techniques Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics Chinese Journal of Population, Resources and Environment Zoological Systematics Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering ZTE Communications

0.634

46

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020) TAB. A.2 – (continued).

Serial no. 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203

IF without self-citations

49.884 48.328

Total cites without self-citations 104 202

47.266

687

0.405

44.909 43.104 42.936 42.575

507 215 458 239

0.546 0.833 0.552 0.792

39.854 39.853

598 567

0.321 0.355

39.677 38.543 38.002 37.643 37.178 36.809

348 410 124 255 387 411

0.595 0.497 0.810 0.650 0.489 0.453

36.796

359

0.511

Journal name

CI

Plant Diversity The Chinese Journal of Dental Research Chinese Annals of Mathematics, Series B China Ocean Engineering Avian Research Earthquake Science Applied Mathematics: A Journal of Chinese Universities (Series B) Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry China Foundry Frontiers of Mathematics in China Quantitative Biology Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions Optoelectronics Letters The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications Chinese Medical Sciences Journal

1.135 0.980

Note: The list is in order of CI value. The data source is International Citation Annual Report 2019 Edition. CI is a comprehensive index that combines the total cites without self-citations and the impact factor without self-citations. It reflects a journal’s influence. pffiffiffi qffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi Calculation of CI: CI = 2  ð1  AÞ2 þ ð1  BÞ2 . A = (IF of a journal − lowest IF in a category)/(highest IF in a category − lowest IF in a category). B = (TC of a journal − lowest TC in a category)/(highest TC in a category − lowest TC in a category).

Chapter 2 Analysis of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals Weihong CHENG, Junhong WU, Yanqin WENG, Yue XIAO, Guangming YANG, Wanzhen XU, Lan SHAO and Honghui SHI

Abstract Papers published by China’s SCI-indexed journals during the period of 2010–2019 account for 1.72% of the global total SCI papers. For the same period, SCI papers published by Chinese authors account for 18.06% of the global total SCI papers. During those ten years, Chinese authors published 2 755 218 SCI papers in total, 22 380 of which were published in China’s STM journals, accounting for 8.10%. Meanwhile, Chinese authors contributed 85.06% of the papers published by China’s SCI-indexed journals. The total cites to the papers published by China’s SCI-indexed journals account for 0.80% of the total cites to the world’s scientific papers for the same period. The percentage is lower than the percentage of papers published by China’s STM journals against the total of world’s scientific papers. The total cites to SCI papers published by Chinese authors account for 16.42% of the total cites to the world’s total papers. The citation impact of papers published by China’s SCI-indexed journals is 6.59; the citation impact of SCI papers by Chinese authors is 12.83; and the citation impact of world’s SCI papers of the same period is 14.11. That means, the citation impact of papers published by Chinese authors is 1.95 times of that of papers published by China’s SCI-indexed journals. During the period of 2010–2019, 7454 institutions from 137 countries/regions published papers in China’s SCI-indexed journals. Among the top 100 institutions ranked by the number of papers published in China’s SCI-indexed journals, 98 are Chinese institutions. The percentage of highly cited papers by Chinese institutions, and the percentage of highly cited papers by Chinese institutions published in China’s SCI-indexed journals, is 1.24% and 0.32%, respectively. During the period of 2010–2019, there were 16 countries that published over 300 000 papers each. Among the top 5 countries by the number of papers published by authors, DOI: 10.1051/978-2-7598-2556-1.c002 © Science Press, EDP Sciences, 2021

48

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

UK and the USA had a big advantage in terms of number of journals, number of papers published by journals, and impact. These two countries ranked top 2. Germany ranked 3rd in terms of the number of papers published by authors, and 4th in terms of journal indexes. Japan ranked 5th in terms of the number of papers published by authors, 6th in terms of the number of papers by journals, 9th in terms of journal normalized citation impact (JNCI), and 10th in terms of category normalized citation impact (CNCI). China ranked 2nd in terms of the number of papers published by authors, 5th in terms of the number of papers published by China’s journals, 10th in terms of JNCI, and 9th in terms of CNCI. According to Scopus database, among the 19.663 million papers worldwide (articles and reviews) included in Scopus during 2009–2018, papers published by Chinese authors account for 17.47%, and papers published by China’s STM journals account for 5.86%. Among the papers published by Scopus-indexed journals, papers published by Chinese authors account for over 10% in 16 disciplines. The top 5 disciplines by the number of papers are: energy (33.00%), engineering (32.45%), materials science (31.61%), chemical engineering (29.31%), and computer science (27.55%). Based on the statistics of the changes in the volume of scientific output by China’s STM journals and by Chinese authors each year during 2009–2018, the number of papers published in China’s Scopus-indexed journals increased by 10.46% over the 10 years. In the same period, the number of papers by Chinese authors increased by 139.66%. The total volume of papers by Chinese STM journals decreased by 2.64%, while the volume of papers by China’s English STM journals increased by 70.10%. In 2018, the 5369 CNKI-indexed STM journals in China published a total of 1.645 million citable papers. The number is similar to that in 2017, 1.636 million citable papers, and the average number of articles per journal is 306. Among the 60 disciplines, 36 disciplines published over 10 000 papers each. The 36 disciplines account for 92.16% of the total volume of papers. Five disciplines account for over 5% each: nursing science (97 176 papers, 6.61%), civil engineering (93 878 papers, 6.38%), automation technology & computer technology (92 213 papers, 6.27%), internal medicine (89 426 papers, 6.08%), and transportation engineering (84 625 papers, 5.76%). In 2018, among all the publishing institutions of papers in China’s STM journals, higher education institutions (excluding colleges and vocational schools) accounted for 35.53%; medical institutions accounted for 29.69%; enterprises and research institutes accounted for 12.27% and 9.68%, respectively; and lastly, other institutions (public institutions, colleges/vocational schools, middle/high schools, elementary schools, and kindergartens) accounted for 12.83%. During 2009–2018, the 5369 CNKI-indexed STM journals published a total of 15.974 million papers, with 60.414 million accumulative cites, 3.78 cites per paper. Among the total of 60 disciplines, 18 disciplines were ranked top 10 by total cites, or by cites per paper. The top 3 disciplines ranked by total cites are: “traditional Chinese medicine & pharmacology” (4.297 million cites), “automation technology & computer technology” (4.28 million cites), and “internal medicine” (3.605 million cites). The top 3 disciplines ranked by cites per paper are: “natural geography” (9.13 cites), “system science” (8.60 cites), and “agricultural basic science” (7.98 cites). In 2018, the 2200 CNKI-indexed technical journals published around 621 000 papers. The average number of papers per journal is 282, which is lower than that of total China’s

Analysis of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

49

STM journals (306). The technical journals published a total of 5.513 million papers during 2009–2018, with 20.797 million accumulative total cites. The relevant percentage against the total number of CNKI-indexed journal papers and against the total cites is 34.51% and 34.42%, respectively. The average cites per paper is 3.77, similar to the average cites per paper (3.78) of the overall STM journal papers.

2.1

Analysis of Papers Published by SCI-Indexed STM Journals in China

In this section, objective descriptions are given on papers published by China’s SCI-indexed STM journals, with regard to quantitative data including distribution by discipline, distribution by institution, international cooperation, and academic influence. Comparisons are made with papers published worldwide or by major scientific paper output countries, as well as with international papers published by Chinese authors. Analyses are done from different aspects on the comparisons. It aims to record and reveal the international status and development trends of China’s STM journals, while emerging into the view of the international community.

2.1.1

Distribution by Discipline of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

Based on data from InCites1, statistics were done on the data for the volume and distribution by discipline of the papers published by China’s SCI-indexed STM journals during 2010–2019, and comparisons were made between the paper output volume by China’s STM journals and that by Chinese authors in each year. From the aspect of disciplines, statistical results after cross comparisons were presented on the volume, times cited, citation impact, highly cited papers, and international cooperation papers of papers published worldwide, papers published by China’s STM journals, papers published by Chinese authors, and papers published by Chinese authors in China’s STM journals.

2.1.1.1

Volume of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals – by Discipline

Compared with the volume of papers published by Chinese authors, the volume of papers published by China’s STM journals is low. During 2010–2019, 262 248 papers were

1

InCites is an international database launched by Clarivate Analytics based on gathering and analyzing the data in Web of Science. It combines a variety of quantitative indicators and the international equivalent data of each discipline in each year, to build an analytical tool for disciplines and scientific performance. The categorization of disciplines in this section used the categorization model of ESI. This model is based on journals, and is a relatively broad-ranged categorization of disciplines. It consists of 22 disciplines in natural sciences and social sciences. So each discipline belongs to one of the 22 ESI discipline. The database was last updated on May 28th, 2020. The data from Web of Science was last updated on April 30th, 2020, with the retrieval date being June 2nd, 2020. The data on UK do not include the data on Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.

50

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

published by the 2042 SCI-indexed journals in China, accounting for 1.72% of the world’s total volume of papers published (15 258 937). For the same period, the SCI papers published by Chinese authors accounted for 18.06% of the world’s total. During the 10-year period, Chinese authors published 2 755 218 SCI papers, among which 223 080 were published in China’s SCI-indexed STM journals, accounting for 8.10%. Chinese authors contributed 85.06% of the papers published in China’s SCI-indexed STM journals. Compared with the time period of 2007–2016, the percentage of papers published by China’s STM journals went up by 0.04 percentage point; the percentage of papers published by Chinese authors went up by 4.21 percentage points; the percentage of papers published by Chinese authors in China’s STM journals went up by 0.26 percentage point; and the percentage of papers published by Chinese authors in China’s STM journals against the total volume of papers published by Chinese authors went down by 2.18 percentage points. As shown in table 2.1, in terms of disciplines, the percentage of papers published by China’s STM journals of each discipline against the world’s total for that discipline is lower than 5.00%. The top 5 disciplines with the highest percentage are: physics (4.86%), geosciences (4.72%), materials science (4.02%), chemistry (3.14%), and mathematics (2.27%). Compared with the time period of 2007–2016, the top 5 disciplines remain the same, and 22 disciplines have a similar percentage. There are 5 disciplines whose change in percentage is larger than 0.5 percentage point: “geosciences” had an increase of 1.09 percentage points, the biggest increase among all; “environment & ecology” had an increase of 0.82 percentage point, the second biggest increase; “agricultural sciences” had an increase of 0.53 percentage point; “pharmacology & toxicology” had an increase of 0.34 percentage point; and the category of “multidisciplinary” had a decrease of 0.68 percentage point. There are 6 disciplines with over 10 000 papers published each in China’s STM journals. They are: chemistry (54 169 papers), physics (51 456 papers), materials science (36 815 papers), geosciences (22 245 papers), engineering (21 919 papers), and clinical medicine (15 047 papers). Though the volume of papers in clinical medicine and engineering is relatively large, due to the large volume of the world’s total papers in these 2 disciplines, the percentage of papers published in China’s STM journals is only 0.54% and 1.59%, respectively. Compared with the percentage of journal papers, the percentage of papers published by Chinese authors for each discipline against the world’s total paper volume is higher. Disciplines with a percentage higher than 20% are: materials science (34.72%), chemistry (27.84%), engineering (26.89%), computer science (25.70%), physics (23.74%), geosciences (21.41%), mathematics (21.20%), and molecular biology & genetics (20.39%). When comparing the paper volume by China’s STM journals for each discipline, the paper volume of journals in “molecular biology & genetics, engineering and computer science” is lower, 0.72%, 1.59%, and 1.85%, respectively. The percentage of journal papers in other 5 disciplines is higher than 2%. The comparison between the percentage of Chinese authors’ papers and the percentage of papers by China’s STM journals shows that the paper volume by journals is far lower than the paper volume by Chinese authors. In the two fields of

The retrieval results from InCites have 267 journals from “mainland China#”, with 10 journals having a name change, and 53 journals without CN number. Hence the effective number is 204 journals. # “mainland China” is the retrieval condition in InCites, wherever referred to in the following contents.

2

Serial no.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16

% (B/A × 100%)

No. of papers by Chinese authors (C)

% (C/A × 100%)

No. of papers by Chinese authors in China’s STM journals (D)

% (D/C × 100%)

% (D/B × 100%)

433 418

No. of papers by China’s STM journals (B) 4875

1.12

68 591

15.83

3668

5.35

75.24

729 950

4920

0.67

126 363

17.31

4423

3.50

89.90

1 722 667 2 772 419 380 368

54 169 15 047 7028

3.14 0.54 1.85

479 658 298 567 97 740

27.84 10.77 25.70

50 550 11 467 6253

10.54 3.84 6.40

93.32 76.21 88.97

282 379

380

0.13

19 543

6.92

261

1.34

68.68

1 378 021 534 383

21 919 9935

1.59 1.86

370 604 101 350

26.89 18.97

17 311 7805

4.67 7.70

78.98 78.56

22 245 1293 36 815 9800 289 3402

4.72 0.50 4.02 2.27 0.14 0.72

101 024 25 688 317 960 91 380 30 335 96 745

21.41 9.96 34.72 21.20 14.53 20.39

19 943 628 32 205 7701 260 2578

19.74 2.44 10.13 8.43 0.86 2.66

89.65 48.57 87.48 78.58 89.97 75.78

183 4101

0.83 0.80

3226 48 678

14.55 9.53

178 3024

5.52 6.21

97.27 73.74

Discipline

No. of world’s paper (A)

Agricultural sciences Biology & biochemistry Chemistry Clinical medicine Computer science Economics & business Engineering Environment & ecology Geosciences Immunology Materials science Mathematics Microbiology Molecular biology & genetics Multidisciplinary Neuroscience & behavior

471 258 915 431 208 474

765 012 694 002 802 559

22 176 510 734

Analysis of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

TAB. 2.1 – No. of SCI papers in each discipline, published worldwide, by China’s STM journals, and by Chinese authors during 2010–2019.

51

Serial no.

17

20 21 22

% (B/A × 100%)

No. of papers by Chinese authors (C)

% (C/A × 100%)

No. of papers by Chinese authors in China’s STM journals (D)

% (D/C × 100%)

% (D/B × 100%)

409 593

No. of papers by China’s STM journals (B) 4712

1.15

75 760

18.50

3793

5.01

80.50

1 059 149 736 050

51 456 8089

4.86 1.10

251 405 90 443

23.74 12.29

45 931 3889

18.27 4.30

89.26 48.08

421 131

22

0.01

14 600

3.47

20

0.14

90.91

959 962 146 703 15 258 937

35 1533 262 248

0.00 1.04 1.72

30 517 15 041 2 755 218

3.18 10.25 18.06

34 1158 223 080

0.11 7.70 8.10

97.14 75.54 85.06

Discipline

No. of world’s paper (A)

Pharmacology & toxicology Physics Plant & animal science Psychiatry & physiology Social sciences Space science Total

Note: Retrieval method – search for research fields in InCites, with time period 2010–2019; using discipline categorizations of ESI; choose “mainland China” for country/region of author; choose “mainland China” for country/region of journal; exclude journals without CN numbers; and choose “article” and “review” for article type.

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

18 19

52

TAB. 2.1 – (continued).

Analysis of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

53

“microbiology” and “psychiatry & physiology”, the paper volume by Chinese authors is much higher than the paper volume by China’s STM journals. With regard to the percentage of papers published by Chinese authors in China’s SCI-indexed STM journals against the world’s total number of Chinese authors’ papers, there are 4 disciplines with the percentage higher than 10%: geosciences (19.74%), physics (18.27%), chemistry (10.54%), and materials science (10.13%). Compared with the time period of 2007–2016, the percentage of the categories of “multidisciplinary” and “space science” decreased from above 10% to 7.70% and 5.52%, respectively. The percentage of 7 disciplines went up, with a minor increase, only “environment & ecology” was with an increase of over 1 percentage point. The percentage of 15 disciplines went down, with “multidisciplinary”, “space science”, and “materials science” having the biggest decrease: 5.76 percentage points, 5.30 percentage points, and 4.39 percentage points, respectively. Corresponding to papers published by journals, there are 6 disciplines with over 10 000 papers published by Chinese authors in China’s SCI-indexed STM journals. They are: chemistry (50 550 papers), physics (45 931 papers), materials science (32 205 papers), geosciences (19 943 papers), engineering (17 311 papers), and clinical medicine (11 467 papers). The primary contributors of papers in China’s STM journals are Chinese authors, with 85.06% of papers coming from Chinese authors. For 10 disciplines, papers published by Chinese authors account for over 85%. They are: multidisciplinary (97.27%), social sciences (97.14%), chemistry (93.32%), psychiatry and physiology (90.91%), microbiology (89.97%), biology and biochemistry (89.90%), geosciences (89.65%), physics (89.26%), computer science (88.97%), and materials science (87.48%). Looking at the overall picture of papers in different disciplines, among the disciplines with Chinese authors’ contribution over the average 85.06%, 5 disciplines have the percentage of Chinese author papers against the world’s total higher than 20%, and the percentage of China’s STM journal papers against world’s total higher than 1%. They are: physics, materials science, geosciences, chemistry, and computer science. 5 disciplines have the percentaeg of Chinese author papers against the world’s total lower than 20%, and the percentage of China’s STM journal papers against the world’s total lower than 1%. They are: multidisciplinary, biology & biochemistry, microbiology, psychiatry & physiology, and social sciences. Among the disciplines with Chinese authors’ contribution lower than the average, Chinese authors’ papers in “mathematics” account for over 20% of the world’s total in this discipline, and the percentage of China’s STM journal papers is 2.27%. This means the percentage of international authors’ papers in the discipline of mathematics is higher in China’s STM journals. In the fields of “engineering” and “molecular biology & genetics”, Chinese authors’ papers account for over 20% of the world’s total in each discipline, and the percentage of China’s STM journal papers against the world’s total is 1.59% and 0.72%, respectively. In the fields of “pharmocology & toxicology”, “plant & animal science”, “space science”, “agricultural sciences”, “environment & ecology”, “clinical medicine”, “immunology”, “neuroscience & behavior”, and “economics & business”, Chinese authors’ papers account for less than 20% of the world’s total in each discipline, and China’s STM journal papers account for less than 2% of the world’s total. Statistics of the paper output by China’s STM journals and Chinese authors each year during 2010–2019 show: the number of papers published by China’s SCI-indexed STM journals increased by 4.26%, the SCI papers by Chinese authors increased by 269.20%

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

54

(see figure 2.1). During the 10-year period, the journal paper volume remained steady, and the paper volume by Chinese authors grew fast, making the gap increasingly larger. The increase in number of papers published by Chinese authors in different disciplines during 2010–2019 is similar to that during 2007–2016. Except for “physics” which remained 80%, other disciplines increased by over 100%. Compared with 2007–2016, the number of papers published in China’s STM journals in 8 disciplines decreased (4 decreased during 2007–2016). There was no sharp increase or decrease in paper volume, which was quite steady. The 4 disciplines that had a sharp increase during 2007–2016 had a slower increase during 2010–2019: “agricultural sciences” and “immunology” had an increase of 118.41% and 136.76%, respectively, while “economics and business” and “neuroscience and behavior” remained almost the same (see table 2.2).

2.1.1.2

Analysis of Academic Influence of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

2.1.1.2.1 Total Cites to Papers For the period of 2010–2019, the total cites to papers published by China’s SCI-indexed STM journals are 1 727 534, accounting for 0.80% of the total cites to papers published worldwide (215 315 818) for the same period. The percentage is lower than that of the papers published by China’s STM journals against the world’s total papers for the same

600000 No. of papers by Chinese authors

500000

488471

No. of papers

No. of papers by China’s journals 398195

400000 345825 309662 300000

280455 249237 215006

200000

181330 154730 132307

100000 25662

26161

26980

26846

26387

25953

25393

25932

26180

26754

0 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

Year

FIG. 2.1 – No. of SCI papers published by China’s STM journals & Chinese authors each year during 2010–2019. Notes: Retrieval method – search for research fields in InCites, with time period 2010–2019; using discipline categorizations of ESI; choose “mainland China” for country/region of author; choose “mainland China” for country/region of journal; exclude journals without CN numbers; and choose “article” and “review” for article type. The data taken were year-on-year data.

Serial no.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17

Discipline

No. of papers in 2019 (B)

315

Chinese authors No. of papers in 2010 (C)

No. of papers in 2019 (D)

688

Increase rate % ((B–A)/ A × 100%) 118.41

3023

13 737

Increase rate % ((D–C)/ C × 100%) 354.42

582

465

−20.10

5856

21 455

266.38

6356 1268 540

4949 1397 757

−22.14 10.17 40.19

29 278 11 004 3569

71 678 51 566 18 677

144.82 368.61 423.31

41

35

−14.63

625

4479

616.64

2112 794

2933 1206

38.87 51.89

14 277 3427

81 964 24 353

474.10 610.62

1858 68 3288 1143 4 348

2585 161 3613 865 72 376

39.13 136.76 9.88 −24.32 1700.00 8.05

4460 1228 13 885 6126 1403 3169

19 169 4377 58 994 12 836 4728 17 980

329.80 256.43 324.88 109.53 236.99 467.37

33 386

5 399

−84.85 3.37

79 2396

280 7311

254.43 205.13

260

589

126.54

3394

13 769

305.69

55

Agricultural sciences Biology & biochemistry Chemistry Clinical medicine Computer science Economics & business Engineering Environment & ecology Geosciences Immunology Materials science Mathematics Microbiology Molecular biology & genetics Multidisciplinary Neuroscience & behavior Pharmacology & toxicology

China’s STM journals No. of papers in 2010 (A)

Analysis of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

TAB. 2.2 – Changes in number of SCI papers published by China’s STM journals & Chinese authors during 2010–2019.

Serial no.

18 19 20

Physics Plant & animal science Psychiatry & physiology Social sciences Space science Total

China’s STM journals No. of papers in 2010 (A)

No. of papers in 2019 (B)

5586 547

Chinese authors No. of papers in 2010 (C)

No. of papers in 2019 (D)

4271 1202

Increase rate % ((B–A)/ A × 100%) −23.54 119.74

18 018 4618

33 447 15 432

Increase rate % ((D–C)/ C × 100%) 85.63 234.17

5

0

−100.00

430

3224

649.77

7 121 25 662

2 184 26 754

−71.43 52.07 4.26

1198 844 132 307

6581 2434 488 471

449.33 188.39 269.20

Note: Retrieval method – search for research fields in InCites, with time period 2010–2019; using discipline categorizations of ESI; choose “mainland China” for country/region of author; choose “mainland China” for country/region of journal; exclude journals without CN numbers; and choose “article” and “review” for article type.

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

21 22

Discipline

56

TAB. 2.2 – (continued).

Analysis of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

57

period (1.72%). The total cites to SCI papers published by Chinese authors account for 16.42% of the total cites to world’s total papers (see table 2.3). Compared with the period of 2007–2016, the percentage of total cites to papers published by China’s SCI-indexed STM journals against the world’s total increased by 0.18 percentage point. For 6 disciplines, the percentage of cites to papers published by China’s STM journals for each discipline against the world’s total is higher than 1%. They are: “physics” (2.28%), “geosciences” (2.26%), “plant & animal science” (1.56%), “mathematics” (1.39%), “materials science” (1.30%), and “environment & ecology” (1.12%). Compared with the period of 2007–2016, the percentage of “environment & ecology” against the world’s total finally went above 1% for the first time. For 6 disciplines, the percentage of Chinese authors’ papers for each discipline against the world’s total is higher than 20%. They are: “materials science” (35.35%), “chemistry” (27.74%), “engineering” (25.54%), “computer science” (24.26%), “mathematics” (22.04%), and “physics” (20.49%). Combining the data on total cites to Chinese authors’ papers and the total cites to papers published by China’s STM journals, 3 disciplines had the best performance: “materials science”, “mathematics”, and “physics”. For 7 disciplines, the cites to papers published by China’s STM journals in each discipline are above 100 000. They are: “physics” (311 128 cites), “chemistry” (274 361 cites), “materials science” (204 395 cites), “geosciences” (154 230 cites), “engineering ” (123 022 cites), “plant & animal science” (119 257 cites), and “clinical medicine” (103 597 cites). Compared with the period of 2007–2016, 4 disciplines – materials science, geosciences, engineering, and plant & animal science – went above 100 000 cites for the first time. For 7 disciplines, the percentage of cites to the papers by Chinese authors in China’s STM journal against the total cites to China’s STM journals is higher than 85%. 4 of the disciplines are: chemistry, computer science, geosciences and multidisciplinary, which have relatively high percentage of the cites to Chinese authors’ papers against the world’s total. 3 of the disciplines are: “microbiology”, “psychiatry & physiology”, and “social sciences”, which have relatively low percentage of the cites to Chinese authors’ papers against the world’s total, and the total number of papers by Chinese authors is lower too. Similar to the period of 2007–2016, for the fields of “geosciences” and “physics”, cites to Chinese authors’ papers account for a relatively high percentage against the total cites to China’s STM journals. The percentage of the cites to Chinese authors’ papers published in China’s STM journals against the total cites to Chinese authors’ papers is 10.63% and 8.52%, respectively. The percentage for other disciplines is all much lower than these 2 disciplines.

2.1.1.2.2 Citation Impact For the period of 2010–2019, the citation impact3 of papers published by China’s SCI-indexed STM journals is 6.59. The citation impact of SCI papers published by Chinese authors is 12.83. At the same time, the citation impact of SCI papers worldwide is 14.11. That means, the CI of Chinese authors’ papers is 1.95 times of the CI of papers published by China’s SCI-indexed STM journals (see table 2.4). Compared with the period of

3

Citation impact is calculated by dividing the times cited to a group of papers by the number of the papers in this group. It reflects the average times cited of this group, which is the cites per paper.

Serial no.

1 2

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18

% (D/B × 100%)

3.40

67.35

1 627 379

12.13

39 586

2.43

78.89

0.95 0.27 0.79

7 990 910 3 093 793 1 055 666

27.74 8.08 24.26

237 156 70 364 30 058

2.97 2.27 2.85

86.44 67.92 87.79

1844

0.06

161 899

5.39

1185

0.73

64.26

15 680 106 7 787 194

123 022 87 350

0.78 1.12

4 005 131 1 254 301

25.54 16.11

91 133 68 802

2.28 5.49

74.08 78.77

6 823 050 5 089 714 15 728 184 2 229 115 3 484 361 11 826 441

154 230 20 630 204 395 31 080 1414 84 766

2.26 0.41 1.30 1.39 0.04 0.72

1 301 372 339 950 5 559 400 491 313 328 911 1 466 263

19.07 6.68 35.35 22.04 9.44 12.40

138 372 9682 158 224 22 491 1218 49 257

10.63 2.85 2.85 4.58 0.37 3.36

89.72 46.93 77.41 72.36 86.14 58.11

421 563 9 883 310

1569 24 938

0.37 0.25

61 364 634 305

14.56 6.42

1549 16 818

2.52 2.65

98.73 67.44

5 649 913

49 907

0.88

824 962

14.60

36 481

4.42

73.10

13 652 220

311 128

2.28

2 797 392

20.49

238 336

8.52

76.60

% (C/A × 100%)

0.84

50 180

0.37

28 805 570 38 294 698 4 351 529

274 361 103 597 34 240

3 005 818

% (B/A × 100%)

4 641 358 13 420 591

Cites to world papers (A)

Agricultural sciences Biology & biochemistry Chemistry Clinical medicine Computer science Economics & business Engineering Environment & ecology Geosciences Immunology Materials science Mathematics Microbiology Molecular biology & genetics Multidisciplinary Neuroscience & behavior Pharmacology & toxicology Physics

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

3 4 5

% (D/C × 100%)

16.56

Cites to papers by Chinese authors in China’s STM journals (D) 26 159

Cites to papers by Chinese authors (C) 768 534

Cites to papers by China’s STM journals (B) 38 840

Discipline

58

TAB. 2.3 – Cites to papers in each discipline published worldwide, by China’s STM journals, and by Chinese authors during 2010–2019.

Serial no.

19 20 21 22

% (D/B × 100%)

12.48

5.80

46.37

134 823

2.36

84

0.06

96.55

286 575 224 573 35 362 870

3.47 7.67 16.42

375 7958 1 300 588

0.13 3.54 3.68

98.43 77.13 75.29

1.56

87

0.00

381 10 318 1 727 534

0.00 0.35 0.80

7 642 656 5 721 477 8 248 773 2 928 177 215 315 818

Plant & animal science Psychiatry & physiology Social sciences Space science Total

% (D/C × 100%)

% (C/A × 100%)

% (B/A × 100%)

Cites to world papers (A)

Cites to papers by Chinese authors in China’s STM journals (D) 55 300

Cites to papers by Chinese authors (C) 954 054

Cites to papers by China’s STM journals (B) 119 257

Discipline

Note: Retrieval method – search for research fields in InCites, with time period 2010–2019; using discipline categorizations of ESI; choose “mainland China” for country/region of author; choose “mainland China” for country/region of journal; exclude journals without CN numbers; and choose “article” and “review” for article type.

Analysis of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

TAB. 2.3 – (continued).

59

Serial no.

1

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15

Citation impact

Papers by Chinese authors

Papers by Chinese authors in China’s STM journals

82.55

Papers by China’s STM journals 87.79

83.92

87.02

8.95

89.77

81.79

83.93

80.38

16.66 10.36 10.80

4.69 6.14 4.81

88.90 85.09 81.18

79.77 85.54 77.02

88.58 82.79 79.65

78.97 85.23 77.08

4.95

8.28

4.65

79.06

83.95

76.18

82.38

11.38 14.57

5.61 8.79

10.81 12.38

5.26 8.82

82.51 86.79

80.39 88.17

81.22 83.88

79.97 88.17

14.46 19.73 17.18 5.17 16.69 24.92

6.93 15.96 5.55 3.17 4.89 24.92

12.88 13.23 17.48 5.38 10.84 15.16

6.94 15.42 4.91 2.92 4.68 19.11

87.24 91.31 87.00 71.14 90.61 90.93

82.36 93.58 76.82 63.47 82.35 94.00

85.47 87.41 87.49 69.83 87.27 86.93

82.37 92.83 75.33 62.30 82.31 93.41

19.01

8.57

19.02

8.70

76.33

90.71

85.86

90.45

Papers by Chinese authors

Papers by Chinese authors in China’s STM journals

World papers

10.71

Papers by China’s STM journals 7.97

11.20

7.13

18.39

10.20

12.88

16.72 13.81 11.44

5.06 6.88 4.87

10.64

World papers

Agricultural sciences Biology & biochemistry Chemistry Clinical medicine Computer science Economics & business Engineering Environment & ecology Geosciences Immunology Materials science Mathematics Microbiology Molecular biology & genetics Multidisciplinary

% of cited papers

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

2

Discipline

60

TAB. 2.4 – Citation impact & percentage of citations of world papers, papers by China’s STM journals, and papers by Chinese authors in each discipline during 2010–2019.

Serial no.

16 17 18 19 20 21 22

Discipline

Citation impact

Neuroscience & behavior Pharmacology & toxicology Physics Plant & animal science Psychiatry & physiology Social sciences* Space science Total

% of cited papers Papers by Chinese authors

Papers by Chinese authors in China’s STM journals

90.75

Papers by China’s STM journals 83.00

88.11

80.85

9.62

88.47

87.46

86.37

86.71

11.13 10.55

5.19 14.22

86.02 83.72

79.08 89.01

83.90 84.00

78.38 87.86

3.95

9.23

4.20

85.44

77.27

80.55

75.00

10.89 6.73 6.59

9.39 14.93 12.83

11.03 6.87 5.83

77.27 90.98 85.28

100.00 79.84 80.39

77.70 87.22 84.29

100.00 79.71 79.42

Papers by Chinese authors

Papers by Chinese authors in China’s STM journals

World papers

19.35

Papers by China’s STM journals 6.08

13.03

5.56

13.79

10.59

10.89

12.89 10.38

6.05 14.74

13.59 8.59 19.96 14.11

World papers

Note: Retrieval method – search for research fields in InCites, with time period 2010–2019; using discipline categorizations of ESI; choose “mainland China” for country/region of author; choose “mainland China” for country/region of journal; exclude journals without CN numbers; and choose “article” and “review” for article type. The data on citation impact of all disciplines can be calculated by dividing the total cites to papers of all disciplines by the number of papers of all disciplines. The percentage of all-discipline cited papers is calculated by dividing the number of cited papers of all disciplines by the total number of papers of all disciplines. * Data on social sciences are from Science Bulletin.

Analysis of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

TAB. 2.4 – (continued).

61

62

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

2007–2016, the CI of papers published by China’s SCI-indexed journals and of papers published by Chinese authors increased by 0.73 and 3.56, respectively. For 3 disciplines, the CI of papers published by China’s SCI-indexed STM journals is similar to or even higher than the CI of papers worldwide. They are: “molecular biology & genetics”, “plant & animal science”, and “social sciences”. For the other 19 disciplines, the CI is lower than the world’s average. There are 6 disciplines for which the CI of Chinese authors’ papers is higher than the world’s average. They are: “agricultural sciences”, “materials science”, “mathematics”, “multidisciplinary”, “plant & animal science”, and “social sciences”. There are 6 disciplines for which the CI of papers published by China’s STM journals is above 10.00. They are: “molecular biology & genetics” (24.92), “immunology” (15.96), “plant & animal science” (14.74), “pharmacology & toxicology” (10.59), “social sciences” (10.89), and “biology & biochemistry” (10.20). Compared with the period of 2007–2016, in terms of CI, the disciplines of “molecular biology & genetics” and “social sciences” are similar or higher than the world’s average for the first time; the disciplines of “biology & biochemistry”, “pharmacology & toxicology”, and “social sciences” are above 10.00 for the first time. The citation impact of papers published by Chinese authors in China’s STM journals in disciplines of “immunology”, “molecular biology & genetics”, “plant & animal science”, and “social sciences”, is higher than the average citation impact of papers published by Chinese authors. That means, China’s STM journals in these 4 disciplines attracted more high-level papers from Chinese authors. For the period of 2010–2019, the percentage of cited papers against all papers published by China’s SCI-indexed STM journals is 80.39%, while the percentage of cited papers against all papers published by Chinese authors is 84.29%. The percentage of the world’s papers is 85.28% for the same period. When compared with the world’s average level, there are 9 disciplines for which the percentage of cited papers against all papers published by China’s SCI-indexed STM journals is higher than that of the world’s papers. These 9 disciplines are: “agricultural sciences”, “economics & business”, “environment & ecology”, “immunology”, “molecular biology & genetics”, “multidisciplinary”, “plant & animal science”, “social sciences”, and “clinical medicine”. For other 13 disciplines, the percentage of cited papers of each discipline is lower than that of the world’s papers.

2.1.1.2.3 Category Normalized Citation Impact (CNCI) For the period of 2010–2019, among the papers published by China’s SCI-indexed STM journals, the CNCI4 of papers in “plant & animal science” and “social sciences” is above 1:1.44 and 1.13, respectively. The CNCI of the rest 20 disciplines is CNCI of papers published by China’s STM journals > CNCI of papers published by Chinese authors. For the discipline of “molecular biology & genetics”, the CNCI of papers published by China’s STM journals (0.94) is higher than that of overall papers published by Chinese authors (0.88) (see figure 2.2). For the following disciplines, the CNCI of papers published by Chinese authors is higher than the CNCI of papers published by China’s STM journals. The difference (R) in disciplines such as “computer science”, “chemistry”, “psychiatry & physiology”, and “materials science” is over 0.7. For other 11 disciplines, the difference is: 0.4 < R ≤ 0.7. And for another 4 disciplines, the difference is: 0 < R ≤ 0.4. Only for 3 disciplines – “molecular biology & genetics”, “immunology”, and “plant & animal science” – the CNCI of papers published by China’s STM journals is higher (see table 2.5).

2.1.1.2.4 Number of Highly Cited Papers For the period of 2010–2019, 1060 highly cited papers5 were published by China’s STM journals, and 33 671 highly cited papers were published by Chinese authors. The percentage of the above 2 types of highly cited papers against the world’s total number of highly cited papers for the same period is 0.70% and 22.08%, respectively (see table 2.6). Compared with the period of 2007–2016, the number of highly cited papers published by China’s STM journals and that published by Chinese authors increased by 702 articles and 14 724 articles, respectively, with an increase in percentage of 0.43 percentage point and 7.75 percentage points. For 5 disciplines, the percentage of highly cited papers published by China’s STM journals against the highly cited world papers is above 1%. They are: “plant & animal science” (3.39%), “physics” (2.62%), “geosciences” (1.47%), “pharmacology & toxicology” (1.45%), and “mathematics” (1.04%). For the 17 other disciplines, the percentage is all below 1%. Compared with the period of 2007–2016, during 2010–2019, the number of highly cited papers increased for over 1% in disciplines “physics”, “geosciences”, “pharmacology & toxicology”, and “mathematics”. In 2 disciplines, the number of highly cited papers published by China’s STM journals is above 100: “physics” (276 articles), and “plant & animal science” (247 articles). Among the highly cited papers published by China’s SCI-indexed STM journals, papers by Chinese authors account for a higher percentage, with the percentage higher than 50% in 15 disciplines.

5

The world’s Top 1% papers ranked by times cited in the past 10 years, based on data of the same discipline within the same year (ESI categorization for disciplines).

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

64 1.80

Papers published by Chinese authors Papers published by China’s STM journals Papers published by Chinese authors in China’s STM journals

1.60 1.40

CNCI

1.20 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20 0.00 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Discipline

FIG. 2.2 – Comparisons of CNCI of papers in each discipline published worldwide, published by China’s STM journals, and published by Chinese authors during 2010–2019. Notes: 1. Agricultural sciences; 2. Biology & biochemistry; 3. Chemistry; 4. Clinical medicine; 5. Computer science; 6. Economics & business; 7. Engineering; 8. Environment & ecology; 9. Geosciences; 10. Immunology①; 11. Materials science; 12. Mathematics; 13. Microbiology; 14. Molecular biology & genetics②; 15. Multidisciplinary; 16. Neuroscience & behavior; 17. Pharmacology & toxicology; 18. Physics; 19. Plant & animal science③; 20. Psychiatry & physiology; 21. Social sciences④; 22. Space science. Retrieval method: Search for research field in InCites, set time period as 2010–2019, use ESI discipline categorization model, choose “mainland China” for the country/region of author; choose “mainland China” for the country/region of journal, exclude journals without a CN number, and choose the article type “article” and “review”. ① Journals in immunology include: Cellular & Molecular Immunology, Infectious Diseases of Poverty, and Science Bulletin. ②Journals in molecular biology & genetics include: Cell Research, Journal of Molecular Cell Biology, Journal of Zhejiang University – Science B, Journal of Genetics & Genomics, Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics, Signal Transduction & Targeted Therapy, and Science Bulletin. ③Journals in plant & animal science include: Molecular Plant, Fungal Diversity, Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, Current Zoology, Insect Science, Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, Journal of Systematics & Evolution, Integrative Zoology, Journal of Forestry Research, Asian Herpetological Research, Forest Ecosystems, Animal Nutrition, Zoological Research, Avian Research, Plant Diversity, Horticultural Plant Journal, and Science Bulletin. ④Social Sciences journal is Science Bulletin.

In terms of the percentage of highly cited papers by Chinese authors, there are 5 disciplines with the percentage against world’s total higher than 30%. They are: “materials science” (49.77%), “computer science” (44.67%), “engineering” (41.59%), “mathematics” (40.94%), and “chemistry” (37.94%). Against the world’s total number of highly cited

Analysis of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

65

TAB. 2.5 – D-value of CNCI of papers in each discipline published by Chinese authors and by China’s STM journals during 2010–2019. D-value (R) R≤0 0 < R ≤ 0.4 0.4 < R ≤ 0.7

0.7 < R ≤ 1.0

Discipline Molecular biology & genetics (−0.06), immunology (−0.07), plant & animal science (−0.20) Pharmacology & toxicology (0.11), social sciences (0.33), microbiology (0.36), biology & biochemistry (0.37) Agricultural sciences (0.50), economics & business (0.66), engineering (0.69), environment & ecology (0.52), geosciences (0.60), mathematics (0.62), multidisciplinary (0.65), physics (0.48), space science (0.58), clinical medicine (0.46), neuroscience & behavior (0.46) Computer science (0.77), chemistry (0.83), psychiatry & physiology (0.82), materials science (0.88)

Note: D-value (R) = CNCI of papers by Chinese authors – CNCI of papers by China’s STM journals.

papers, the percentage of highly cited papers by Chinese authors is far higher than that by China’s STM journals. For the 3 disciplines of “computer science”, “engineering”, and “materials science”, the percentage of highly cited papers by Chinese authors is 113.60, 109.73, and 108.48 times of the percentage of papers by China’s STM journals.

2.1.1.2.5 Number of Papers in Q1 Journals During 2010–2019, 20 173 papers published by China’s STM journals were Q1 journal papers in JCR, and 946 052 papers published by Chinese authors were Q1 journal papers. The percentage of the above two types of papers against the world’s total of Q1 articles, is 0.36% and 16.84%, respectively (see table 2.7). The percentage of Q1 journal papers published by China’s STM journals is lower than the percentage of highly cited papers against the world’s total. Except “plant & animal science” (1.23%) and “physics” (1.05%), the percentage of Q1 journal papers published by China’s STM journals for the other 20 disciplines is all lower than 1%. The number of Q1 journal papers published by Chinese authors and that by China’s STM journals have a huge difference, especially in the following 8 disciplines: “computer science” (3736.25), “economics & business” (1943.50), “environment & ecology” (1201.81), “neuroscience & behavior” (1183.50), “social sciences” (1060.60), “psychiatry & physiology” (574.50), “microbiology” (491.33), and “space science” (400.42) (the number in the bracket indicates the ratio of Q1 journals papers by Chinese authors to that by China’s STM journals). In terms of the contributions to Q1 journal papers by China’s STM journals, papers by Chinese authors account for the highest percentage, over 50% for 20 disciplines. The papers in Q1 journals in disciplines of “microbiology” and “social sciences” are all from Chinese authors. 2.1.1.3

International Cooperation of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

During 2010–2019, the overall percentage of international cooperation papers published by China’s STM journals is 12.19%, which is 11.40 percentage points lower than the percentage of international cooperation papers against the world’s total papers (23.59%).

Serial no.

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

% (D/C × 100%)

0.78

No. of highly cited papers by Chinese authors in China’s STM journals (D) 18

32

0.44

29.13

20

62.50

37.94 7.17 44.67

78 25 15

0.45 0.09 0.39

83.87 78.84 113.60

73 14 14

93.59 56.00 93.33

275

9.72

0

0.00

–

0

–

13 721 5434

5706 1377

41.59 25.34

52 18

0.38 0.33

109.73 76.50

32 14

61.54 77.78

4773 2591 9155 4340 2101 4730

1293 141 4556 1777 168 572

27.09 5.44 49.77 40.94 8.00 12.09

70 11 42 45 0 44

1.47 0.42 0.46 1.04 0.00 0.93

18.47 12.82 108.48 39.49 – 13.00

52 1 32 37 0 19

74.29 9.09 76.19 82.22 – 43.18

% (C/A × 100%)

22.85

932

12.90

17 244 27 508 3815

6542 1971 1704

2829

No. of highly cited papers worldwide (A)

No. of highly cited papers by Chinese authors (B)

% (B/A × 100%)

Agricultural sciences Biology & biochemistry Chemistry Clinical medicine Computer science Economics & business Engineering Environment & ecology Geosciences Immunology Materials science Mathematics Microbiology Molecular biology & genetics

4367

998

7226

52.94

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

1

Ratio of highly cited papers by Chinese authors to that by China’s STM journals (B/C) 29.35

No. of highly cited papers by China’s STM journals (C) 34

Discipline

66

TAB. 2.6 – Number of highly cited papers of each discipline, published worldwide, by China’s STM journals, and by Chinese authors during 2010–2019.

Serial no.

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

No. of highly cited papers by Chinese authors in China’s STM journals (D) 1 1

% (D/C × 100%)

0.42 0.14

Ratio of highly cited papers by Chinese authors to that by China’s STM journals (B/C) 31.00 38.43

59

1.45

8.03

41

69.49

25.29 18.03

276 247

2.62 3.39

9.66 5.32

198 149

71.74 60.32

104

2.45

0

0.00

–

0

–

649 152 33 671

6.68 10.38 22.08

0 4 1060

0.00 0.27 0.70

– 38.00 31.77

0 4 720

– 100.00 67.92

% (C/A × 100%)

13.14 5.27

No. of highly cited papers by China’s STM journals (C) 1 7

474

11.61

10 544 7281

2667 1313

4237 9714 1465 152 495

Discipline

No. of highly cited papers worldwide (A)

No. of highly cited papers by Chinese authors (B)

% (B/A × 100%)

Multidisciplinary Neuroscience & behavior Pharmacology & toxicology Physics Plant & animal science Psychiatry & physiology Social sciences Space science Total

236 5103

31 269

4081

100.00 14.29

Analysis of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

TAB. 2.6 – (continued).

Note: Retrieval method – search for research fields in InCites, with time period 2010–2019; using discipline categorizations of ESI; choose “mainland China” for country/region of author; choose “mainland China” for country/region of journal; exclude journals without CN numbers; and choose “article” and “review” for article type.

67

Serial no.

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

% (D/C × 100%)

41.62

0.22

58.11

570

88.10

1992 911 8

0.28 0.10 0.01

93.09 72.34 3736.25

1681 355 6

84.39 38.97 75.00

5.19

2

0.00

1943.50

1

50.00

126 520 32 449

25.69 16.37

1384 27

0.28 0.01

91.42 1201.81

1000 26

72.25 96.30

35 973 7413 148 441 27 957 7370 31 330

19.05 7.24 34.61 23.23 10.79 14.77

1198 414 2529 539 15 1423

0.63 0.40 0.59 0.45 0.02 0.67

30.03 17.91 58.70 51.87 491.33 22.02

903 211 1953 424 15 946

75.38 50.97 77.22 78.66 100.00 66.48

% (C/A × 100%)

Ratio of Q1 journal papers by Chinese authors to that by China’s STM journal (B/C)

18.12

0.44

37 596

12.77

647

706 283 891 127 123 619

185 439 65 906 29 890

26.26 7.40 24.18

74 925

3887

492 412 198 241 188 852 102 443 428 922 120 360 68 331 212 050

No. of papers in Q1 journals worldwide (A)

No. of papers in Q1 journals by Chinese authors (B)

% (B/A × 100%)

Agricultural sciences Biology & biochemistry Chemistry Clinical medicine Computer science Economics & business Engineering Environment & ecology Geosciences Immunology Materials science Mathematics Microbiology Molecular biology & genetics

154 807

28 054

294 493

52.67

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

1

No. of papers in China’s Q1 journals by Chinese authors (D) 355

No. of papers in Q1 journals by China’s STM journals (C) 674

Discipline

68

TAB. 2.7 – No. of papers of each discipline in Q1 journals published worldwide, by China’s STM journals, and by Chinese authors during 2010– 2019.

Serial no.

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

% (D/C × 100%)

40.92 1183.50

No. of papers in China’s Q1 journals by Chinese authors (D) 52 11

0.49

31.07

505

73.83

4394 3230

1.05 1.23

18.28 11.47

2988 1367

68.00 42.32

3.08

8

0.01

574.50

7

87.50

3.77 8.54 16.84

10 19 20 173

0.00 0.02 0.36

1060.60 400.42 46.90

10 18 13 404

100.00 94.74 66.45

% (C/A × 100%)

Ratio of Q1 journal papers by Chinese authors to that by China’s STM journal (B/C)

18.11 6.75

No. of papers in Q1 journals by China’s STM journals (C) 53 12

0.44 0.01

21 254

15.22

684

418 355 261 840

80 333 37 059

19.20 14.15

149 049

4596

281 459 89 035 5 618 481

10 606 7608 946 052

Discipline

No. of papers in Q1 journals worldwide (A)

No. of papers in Q1 journals by Chinese authors (B)

% (B/A × 100%)

Multidisciplinary Neuroscience & behavior Pharmacology & toxicology Physics Plant & animal science Psychiatry & physiology Social sciences Space science Total

11 974 210 248

2169 14 202

139 656

98.11 91.67

Analysis of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

TAB. 2.7 – (continued).

Note: Retrieval method – search for research fields in InCites, with time period 2010–2019; using discipline categorizations of ESI; choose “mainland China” for country/region of author; choose “mainland China” for country/region of journal; exclude journals without CN numbers; and choose “article” and “review” for article type.

69

70

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

The gap in the percentage was a little higher than that for the period of 2007–2016 (10.47 percentage points). The percentage of international cooperation papers published by Chinese authors was 25.31%, 1.72 percentage points higher than the world’s average (see table 2.8). Among the papers published by China’s STM journals, there are 5 disciplines for which the percentage of international cooperation papers is higher than that of the world’s total papers for each discipline. Ordered by the value of difference in percenage, they are: “immunology” (39.83%), “psychiatry & physiology” (31.82%), “social sciences” (22.86%), “plant & animal science” (33.75%), and “agricultural sciences” (23.16%). The gap in percentage is 8.66, 7.67, 5.03, 4.24, and 0.59 percentage point, respectively. For the period of 2007–2016, the percentage of international cooperation papers by China’s STM journals is lower than that by Chinese authors in all disciplines. For the period of 2010–2019, the percentage of international cooperation papers by China’s STM journals is higher than that by Chinese authors in 2 disciplines: “immunology” and “plant & animal science”. The percentage of the international cooperation papers published by Chinese authors in China’s STM journals, is not much different from that by China’s STM journals, except for the following disciplines: “mathematics” (−2.60%), “agricultural sciences” (−2.38%), “economics & business” (7.19%), and “psychiatry & physiology” (3.18%).

2.1.2

Distribution by Institution – Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

2.1.2.1

Distribution by Worldwide Institutions

During 2010–2019, 7454 organizations from 137 countries/regions published 500 055 papers6 in China’s STM journals. The institutions cover an extensive range, but the majority of papers are centralized to a relatively small number of institutions. Ranked by the number of publishing institutions, the top 10 countries are: USA, China7, India, Russia, Japan, Italy, Turkey, Spain, Republic of Korea and Germany. In terms of the number of papers published in China’s STM journals by different countries, China is the primary output country, with USA being the second. China has a total of 1095 institutions publishing 218 692 papers, accounting for 83.39%. USA has 1099 institutions publishing 17 321 papers, accounting for 6.60%. Four countries – India, Japan, Republic of Korea, and Germany – each account for over 1% in terms of the number of papers. On the other hand, for Iran (68 institutions publishing 3792 papers), Australia (117 institutions publishing 3331 papers), UK (190 institutions publishing 2981 papers), and Canada (132 institutions publishing 2775 papers), though the number of publishing institutions is not large, the number of papers each accounts for more than 1% as well. In terms of the percentage of highly cited papers published in China’s STM journals by different countries, among the top 10 countries with the highest number of publishing institutions, China (67.26%) and USA (24.81%) also ranked top 2 in terms of the

6

The number of papers published by institutions have overlap in counting, which means the same paper can be counted under multiple institutions. 7 The data on Chinese institutions in this book do not include the data on Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Macao.

Serial no.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16

Discipline

Agricultural sciences Biology & biochemistry Chemistry Clinical medicine Computer science Economics & business Engineering Environment & ecology Geosciences Immunology Materials science Mathematics Microbiology Molecular biology & genetics Multidisciplinary Neuroscience & behavior

D-value (%) (D–B)

5.85

% of int’l cooperation papers by Chinese authors in China’s STM journals (D) 20.77

24.06

−1.28

14.45

0.10

−16.32 −8.35 −10.59

17.15 20.15 35.63

−4.13 0.04 6.46

4.22 10.31 18.28

−0.74 −1.45 −0.30

29.21

−1.50

55.66

24.95

36.40

7.19

22.94 31.64

15.12 19.91

−7.82 −11.73

26.69 33.05

3.75 1.41

13.99 18.35

−1.13 −1.56

37.54 31.17 23.22 27.76 30.26 29.88

15.23 39.83 8.36 16.14 22.15 26.43

−22.31 8.66 −14.86 −11.62 −8.11 −3.45

39.21 30.73 22.26 24.07 29.45 27.68

1.67 −0.44 −0.96 −3.69 −0.81 −2.20

14.05 38.54 7.19 13.54 22.31 26.88

−1.18 −1.29 −1.17 −2.60 0.16 0.46

27.72 26.78

13.11 11.61

−14.61 −15.17

34.00 31.31

6.28 4.53

13.48 10.81

0.37 −0.79

D-value (%) (C–A)

0.59

% of int’l cooperation papers by Chinese authors (C) 28.42

14.35

−10.99

21.28 20.11 29.17

4.96 11.76 18.58

30.71

% of int’l cooperation papers worldwide (A) 22.57

% of int’l cooperation papers by China’s STM journals (B) 23.16

D-value (%) (B–A)

25.34

−2.38

Analysis of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

TAB. 2.8 – Percentage of international cooperation SCI papers of each discipline worldwide, by China’s STM journals, and by Chinese authors during 2010–2019.

71

Serial no.

17

20 21 22

Pharmacology & toxicology Physics Plant & animal science Psychiatry & physiology Social sciences Space science Total

D-value (%) (D–B)

−4.32

% of int’l cooperation papers by Chinese authors in China’s STM journals (D) 12.42

25.18 30.94

−4.31 1.43

8.26 33.20

−1.77 −0.55

7.68

49.73

25.59

35.00

3.18

5.03 −31.71 −11.4

47.08 56.19 25.31

29.25 1.13 1.72

23.53 22.97 10.40

0.67 −0.38 −1.79

D-value (%) (C–A)

−9.11

% of int’l cooperation papers by Chinese authors (C) 17.50

10.03 33.75

−19.46 4.24

24.14

31.82

17.83 55.06 23.59

22.86 23.35 12.19

% of int’l cooperation papers worldwide (A) 21.82

% of int’l cooperation papers by China’s STM journals (B) 12.71

D-value (%) (B–A)

29.49 29.51

−0.29

Note: Retrieval method – search for research fields in InCites, with time period 2010–2019; using discipline categorizations of ESI; choose “mainland China” for country/region of author; choose “mainland China” for country/region of journal; exclude journals without CN numbers; and choose “article” and “review” for article type. The overall percentage of international cooperation papers of all disciplines can be calculated by dividing the total number of international cooperation papers of all disciplines by the total number of papers published worldwide.

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

18 19

Discipline

72

TAB. 2.8 – (continued).

Analysis of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

73

percentage of highly cited papers. Following China and USA, 4 countries have a percentage of highly cited papers published in China’s STM journals above 3%: Germany (6.79%), Japan (4.34%), India (3.87%), and Republic of Korea (3.68%) (see table 2.9). In addition, 4 other countries have a relatively high percentage of highly cited papers published in China’s STM journals: Australia (6.70%), UK (5.66%), Thailand (4.43%), and Canada (3.49%). In terms of the number of papers, among the top 100 institutions8 that published in China’s STM journals, 98 institutions are from China. University of California from USA published 1579 papers in China’s STM journals, ranking 47th; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) from France published 1248 papers, ranking 65th; and Islamic Azad University from Iran published 1049 papers, ranking 80th. In terms of the number of highly cited papers, among the top 20 institutions9 that published highly cited papers in China’s STM journals, 14 are from China. Besides, the following foreign countries published a good number of highly cited papers: Mae Fah Luang University from Thailand published 41 papers; University of California System from USA published 38 papers; United States Department of Energy (DOE) published 24 papers; King Saud University from Saudi Arabia published 27 papers; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) from France published 25 papers; Helmholtz Association from Germany published 24 papers; Max Planck Society published 20 papers; and Landcare Research– New Zealand published 21 papers.

2.1.2.2

Distribution by Chinese Institutions

Based on the statistical data from InCites (see table 2.10), during 2010–2019, 1095 Chinese institutions published 218 692 papers in China’s 204 SCI-indexed STM journals. During the same period, 1169 Chinese institutions published 2 684 747 international papers. The papers published by Chinese institutions in China’s STM journals account for 8.15% of the total paper volume. Influenced by factors such as the volume and influence of the journal, the “citation impact” (5.86) and “impact relative to world” (IRW) (0.42) of papers published by Chinese institutions in China’s SCI-indexed STM journals are both lower than their equivalent of the total papers published by Chinese institutions: 12.96 and 0.92, respectively. In terms of CNCI, the papers published by Chinese institutions (1.12) is above the disciplinary baseline. The CNCI of papers published by Chinese institutions in China’s SCI-indexed STM journals is 0.45. The 2 indicators – “percentage of papers ranking top 1% by times cited (0.28%)” & “the percentage of papers ranking top 10% by times cited (2.56%)” – of papers published by Chinese institutions in China’s STM journals are both lower than their equivalent of all papers published by Chinese institutions, which are 1.30% and 11.32%, respectively. The percentage of international cooperation papers published by Chinese institutions in China’s SCI-indexed STM journals is 25.23%, higher than the percentage of papers 8

The number of papers published by 2 institutions both ranks No. 100th. Hence there are 101 institutions in total. 9 The number of highly cited papers published by 3 institutions all ranks 20th. Hence there are 22 institutions in total.

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

74

TAB. 2.9 – Papers published by institutions from different countries in China’s SCI-indexed STM journals during 2010–2019. No. of highly cited papers

% of highly cited papers against total highly cited papers by China’s STM journals

17 321 218 692 3960 1017 3383 1737 1263 1296 3303

% of SCI papers against papers published by China’s STM journals 6.60 83.39 1.51 0.39 1.29 0.66 0.48 0.49 1.26

263 713 41 0 46 31 3 26 39

24.81 67.26 3.87 0.00 4.34 2.92 0.28 2.45 3.68

3267

1.25

72

6.79

Serial no.

Country

No. of institution

No. of SCI papers

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

USA China India Russia Japan Italy Turkey Spain Republic of Korea Germany

1099 1095 629 303 295 253 251 249 216 209

10

Note: Retrieval method – search for research fields in InCites, with time period 2010–2019; using discipline categorizations of ESI; choose “mainland China” for country/region of author; choose “mainland China” for country/region of journal; exclude journals without CN numbers; and choose “article” and “review” for article type; choose the top 10 countries ranked by the number of institutions. The data for each country are retrieved according to the above procedures. Then use the base value for a specific country. The total number of papers published by China’s STM journals is 262 248, and the number of highly cited papers is 1060.

published by Chinese institutions in China’s SCI-indexed STM journals (10.42%). Compared with the period of 2007–2016, these 2 above mentioned percentages increased by 5.14 percentage points and 2.52 percentage points, respectively. On the aspect of industry cooperation, the percentage of lateral cooperation of papers published by Chinese institutions in China’s SCI-indexed STM journals (2.01%) is higher than that of overall papers published by Chinese institutions (1.49%). For the period of 2010–2019, the “percentage of highly cited papers” of papers published by Chinese institutions and by Chinese institutions in China’s STM journals, is 1.24% and 0.32%, respectively. The numbers were a big increase from the 0.10% and 0.02% during 2007–2016. The percentages of hot papers are still low, with not much difference from 2007 to 2016. When looking at the information about open access documents, the percentage of OA articles published by Chinese institutions is 27.24%, and the percentage of OA articles published by Chinese institutions in China’s STM journals is 20.45%. The percentage of

Analysis of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

75

TAB. 2.10 – SCI papers published by Chinese institutions, and those in China’s SCI-indexed STM journals during 2010–2019. Indicator*

No. of institutions No. of WoS papers % of world papers % of cited papers Total cites Citation impact IRW** CNCI % of papers ranking top 1% by cites % of papers ranking top 10% by cites % of international collaboration papers % of industry collaboration papers*** % of highly cited papers % of hot papers % of all OA articles % of DOAJ Gold papers

SCI papers published by Chinese institutions 1169 2 684 747 17.59 84.55 34 784 100 12.96 0.92 1.12 1.30

Papers published by Chinese institutions in China’s SCI-indexed STM journals 1095 218 692 1.43 79.57 1 281 431 5.86 0.42 0.45 0.28

11.32

2.56

25.23

10.42

1.49

2.01

1.24 0.04 27.24 16.12

0.32 0.01 20.45 8.39

Note: *Base value. ** Impact relative to world (IRW) is a ratio calculated this way: the citation impact of a group of literature compared to the citation impact of the world’s total average. The world’s average is always 1. When the IRW is above 1, it means the times cited per paper of papers in this group is higher than the world’s average. When the IRW is lower than 1, then it means the times cited per paper of this group is lower than the world’s average. *** It includes cooperations with authors from enterprises.

DOAJ Gold papers published by Chinese institutions is 16.12%, and the percentage of DOAJ Gold papers published by Chinese institutions in China’s STM journals is 8.39%.

2.1.2.3

Papers Published by China’s Top 50 Institutions in China’s SCI-Indexed STM Journals

The performance of papers published worldwide by Chinese institutions is quite different from that of papers published by Chinese institutions in China’s SCI-indexed STM journals. In this part, study and analysis is done on the top 50 research institutions ranked by the number of papers published in China’s STM journals. The papers published by these institutions in China’s SCI-indexed STM journals account for almost 50% of all papers published by Chinese institutions.

76

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

2.1.2.3.1 Number of Papers Published During 2010–2019, the top 10 institutions with the highest number of papers published in China’s STM journals are: Chinese Academy of Sciences (44 928 papers), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (13 632 papers), Tsinghua University (7427 papers), Peking University (6947 papers), Zhejiang University (6386 papers), Jilin University (4838 papers), Shanghai Jiaotong University (4696 papers), University of Science & Technology of China (4665 papers), Central South University (4266 papers), and Nanjing University (3778 papers) (see table 2.11). Compared with the period of 2007–2016, the top 10 institutions did not have much change, with the only changes being Nanjing University entering top 10 for the first time, and Sichuan University dropping to No. 12. Among the top 50 institutions, 10 institutions have the highest percentage of papers published in China’s STM journals against the institution’s total number of SCI papers. They are: China National Petroleum Corporation (24.65%), China Academy of Engineering Physics (18.00%), University of Science & Technology Beijing (15.37%), Ocean University of China (14.27%), China University of Geosciences (13.69%), National University of Defense Technology (13.58%), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (12.84%), Northeastern University (12.73%), Northwestern Polytechnical University (12.04%), and Beijing University of Technology (12.03%). The 10 institutions with the lowest percentage of papers published in China’s STM journals are: Sun Yat-sen University (4.55%), Suzhou University (5.25%), Shandong University (5.35%), Xi’an Jiaotong University (5.38%), Shanghai Jiaotong University (5.40%), Fudan University (5.60%), Southeast University (5.79%), University of Electronic Science & Technology of China (6.03%), Wuhan University (6.01%), and South China University of Technology (6.07%). 2.1.2.3.2 Citation Impact For the period of 2010–2019, the top 10 institutions with the highest citation impact of papers published in China’s STM journals are: Nankai University (8.38), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (8.09), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC) (8.07), Tsinghua University (8.00), Southeast University (7.84), Suzhou University (7.74), Peking University (7.72), Fudan University (7.53), China Agricultural University (7.46), Chinese Academy of Sciences and China University of Geosciences (both 7.43). Compared with the period of 2007–2016, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fudan University, China Agricultural University, CAMS & PUMC, and Peking University remain in top 10 list (see table 2.11). The citation impact of papers published by institutions in China’s STM journals is all lower than the citation impact of the institution’s overall SCI papers. The D-value is between −12.66 and −2.26. Among the top 10 institutions with the biggest D-value, 5 institutions are in the top 10 list ranked by the number of papers published. They are: University of Science & Technology of China (−12.66), Tsinghua University (−11.11), Peking University (−10.97), Chinese Academy of Sciences (−10.87), and Nanjing University (−10.82). The other 5 institutions are: East China University of Science & Technology (−11.74), South China University of Technology (−10.81), Nankai University (−10.78), Fudan University (−9.77), and Xiamen University (−9.33). The 10 institutions with the lowest D-value are: China University of Geosciences (−5.86), Southeast University

Serial no.

1

2

3 4 5 6 7

8

9 10 11

12 13 14

Institution name

No. of papers published by Chinese institutions (A)

No. of papers published in China’s STM journals (B)

% (B/A × 100%)

Highly cited papers published by Chinese institutions (C)

% (D/C × 100%)

Citation impact of papers by Chinese institutions (E)

Citation impact of papers published by Chinese institutions in China’s STM journals (F)

D-value (F − E)

% of int’l cooperation papers by Chinese institutions (G)

% of int’l cooperation papers by Chinese institutions in China’s STM journals (H)

D-value (H − G)

7579

Highly cited papers published in China’s STM journals (D) 241

Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Tsinghua University Peking University Zhejiang University Jilin University Shanghai Jiaotong University University of Science & Technology of China Central South University Nanjing University Huazhong University of Science & Technology Sichuan University Beihang University Harbin Institute of Technology

394 877

44 928

11.38

3.18

18.30

7.43

−10.87

29.97

12.71

−17.26

106 208

13 632

12.84

1638

57

3.48

14.44

6.38

−8.06

22.81

11.96

−10.85

77 177

7427

9.62

1886

43

2.28

19.11

8.00

−11.11

34.06

13.37

−20.69

75 113

6947

9.25

1527

26

1.70

18.69

7.72

−10.97

36.46

15.58

−20.88

85 271

6386

7.49

1224

35

2.86

15.25

6.97

−8.28

29.23

14.04

−15.19

48 057

4838

10.07

462

10

2.16

12.97

5.44

−7.53

20.63

7.47

−13.16

86 896

4696

5.40

1188

12

1.01

15.03

7.22

−7.81

29.70

15.95

−13.75

46 818

4665

9.96

1131

31

2.74

19.08

6.42

−12.66

31.52

11.43

−20.09

45 896

4266

9.29

805

12

1.49

12.76

5.98

−6.78

24.10

9.54

−14.56

48 614

3778

7.77

905

24

2.65

17.92

7.10

−10.82

30.10

12.11

−17.99

54 322

3699

6.81

854

10

1.17

14.55

5.97

−8.58

26.41

9.34

−17.07

53 171

3669

6.90

569

15

2.64

12.44

6.21

−6.23

20.37

10.45

−9.92

30 646

3430

11.19

453

3

0.66

12.3

5.71

−6.59

27.77

11.75

−16.02

46 386

3356

7.23

752

7

0.93

13.34

5.32

−8.02

25.55

9.63

−15.92

Analysis of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

TAB. 2.11 – No. of papers, citation impact, highly cited papers, and percentage of international cooperation papers – papers published by Top 50 Chinese institutions in world SCI journals and in China’s SCI-indexed STM journals during 2010–2019.

77

Serial no.

15

16

18

19

20 21 22 23

24 25

26 27 28

29

30

% (D/C × 100%)

Citation impact of papers by Chinese institutions (E)

Citation impact of papers published by Chinese institutions in China’s STM journals (F)

D-value (F − E)

% of int’l cooperation papers by Chinese institutions (G)

% of int’l cooperation papers by Chinese institutions in China’s STM journals (H)

D-value (H − G)

272

Highly cited papers published in China’s STM journals (D) 8

2.94

12.54

5.52

−7.02

24.31

8.94

−15.37

5.60

959

19

1.98

17.3

7.53

−9.77

30.04

15.08

−14.96

13.69

337

13

3.86

13.29

7.43

−5.86

37.30

15.54

−21.76

8.89

424

5

1.18

14.37

5.24

−9.13

25.83

10.24

−15.59

2877

12.04

400

8

2.00

10.62

4.48

−6.14

25.01

7.06

−17.95

51 483

2755

5.35

547

8

1.46

13.45

6.39

−7.06

24.31

13.01

−11.30

36 268

2722

7.51

517

10

1.93

13.35

5.40

−7.95

24.16

9.55

−14.61

57 898

2632

4.55

945

13

1.38

15.60

7.34

−8.26

28.96

16.34

−12.62

48 224

2594

5.38

620

8

1.29

12.94

5.48

−7.46

27.09

11.76

−15.33

40 999

2465

6.01

693

16

2.31

14.63

6.34

−8.29

26.30

12.13

−14.17

23 457

2384

10.16

451

7

1.55

13.40

4.86

−8.54

25.47

8.60

−16.87

18 722

2383

12.73

174

5

2.87

9.76

5.21

−4.55

23.12

9.06

−14.06

38 311

2375

6.20

482

3

0.62

13.19

6.43

−6.76

30.38

13.72

−16.66

19 694

2298

11.67

289

2

0.69

10.92

5.32

−5.60

25.09

10.10

−14.99

23 961

2214

9.24

354

12

3.39

14.44

6.91

−7.53

36.22

15.04

−21.18

24 645

2149

8.72

518

17

3.28

19.16

8.38

−10.78

24.28

10.28

−14.00

Institution name

No. of papers published by Chinese institutions (A)

No. of papers published in China’s STM journals (B)

% (B/A × 100%)

Highly cited papers published by Chinese institutions (C)

University of Science & Technology Beijing Fudan University China University of Geosciences Dalian University of Technology Northwestern Polytechnic University Shandong University Tianjin University Sun Yat-sen University Xi’an Jiaotong University Wuhan University Beijing Institute of Technology Northeast University Tongji University China University of Petroleum Beijing Normal University Nankai University

21 552

3312

15.37

58 935

3302

22 474

3077

32 530

2891

23 888

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

17

78

TAB. 2.11 – (continued).

Serial no.

31 32 33

34

35

36 37

38 39 40

41

42

43 44 45

% (D/C × 100%)

Citation impact of papers by Chinese institutions (E)

Citation impact of papers published by Chinese institutions in China’s STM journals (F)

D-value (F − E)

% of int’l cooperation papers by Chinese institutions (G)

% of int’l cooperation papers by Chinese institutions in China’s STM journals (H)

D-value (H − G)

653

Highly cited papers published in China’s STM journals (D) 28

4.29

13.59

7.84

−5.75

26.88

14.66

−12.22

10.80

262

6

2.29

12.60

4.94

−7.66

27.03

10.40

−16.63

2066

14.27

163

3

1.84

11.85

4.13

−7.72

27.76

13.55

−14.21

15 010

2039

13.58

95

4

4.21

8.70

4.91

−3.79

19.05

6.96

−12.09

32 676

1984

6.07

635

6

0.94

16.92

6.11

−10.81

22.85

9.88

−12.97

28 324

1959

6.92

364

13

3.57

15.19

8.07

−7.12

24.10

10.72

−13.38

26 643

1896

7.12

194

6

3.09

11.24

5.75

−5.49

27.3

11.55

−15.75

No. of papers published by Chinese institutions (A)

No. of papers published in China’s STM journals (B)

% (B/A × 100%)

Highly cited papers published by Chinese institutions (C)

Southeast University Shanghai University Ocean University of China National University of Defense Technology South China University of Technology CAMS & PUMC Capital Medical University Xiamen University Chongqing University Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences China National Petroleum Corporation China Academy of Engineering Physics Lanzhou University Suzhou University Xidian University

36 058

2088

5.79

19 206

2075

14 476

27 136

1818

6.7

484

11

2.27

16.28

6.95

−9.33

33.37

14.85

−18.52

25 167

1791

7.12

347

8

2.31

11.64

5.67

−5.97

25.52

11.68

−13.84

25 209

1733

6.87

293

24

8.19

12.05

8.09

−3.96

26.35

19.16

−7.19

6999

1725

24.65

39

2

5.13

8.57

6.31

−2.26

17.69

7.42

−10.27

9542

1718

18.00

48

2

4.17

7.05

2.93

−4.12

12.06

3.49

−8.57

22 969

1696

7.38

277

6

2.17

15.35

6.89

−8.46

23.67

16.04

−7.63

31 069

1632

5.25

625

17

2.72

16.91

7.74

−9.17

25.88

12.16

−13.72

16 660

1570

9.42

187

0

-

9.34

3.67

−5.67

21.97

3.82

−18.15

79

Institution name

Analysis of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

TAB. 2.11 – (continued).

Serial no.

46

47

49

50

% (D/C × 100%)

Citation impact of papers by Chinese institutions (E)

Citation impact of papers published by Chinese institutions in China’s STM journals (F)

D-value (F − E)

% of int’l cooperation papers by Chinese institutions (G)

% of int’l cooperation papers by Chinese institutions in China’s STM journals (H)

D-value (H − G)

575

Highly cited papers published in China’s STM journals (D) 16

2.78

11.56

5.44

−6.12

33.07

13.31

−19.76

7.49

280

4

1.43

17.5

5.76

−11.74

21.91

8.12

−13.79

1509

7.07

292

9

3.08

14.04

7.46

−6.58

32.38

17.96

−14.42

12 259

1475

12.03

134

3

2.24

10.97

4.68

−6.29

22.02

8.41

−13.61

17 656

1466

8.30

272

1

0.37

14.63

5.37

−9.26

31.33

13.23

−18.10

Institution name

No. of papers published by Chinese institutions (A)

No. of papers published in China’s STM journals (B)

% (B/A × 100%)

Highly cited papers published by Chinese institutions (C)

University of Electronic Science & Technology of China East China University of Science & Technology China Agricultural University Beijing University of Technology East China Normal University

25 496

1537

6.03

20 385

1527

21 336

Note: Retrieval method – search for research fields in InCite, with time period 2010–2019; using discipline categorizations of ESI; choose “mainland China” for country/region of author; choose “mainland China” for country/region of journal; exclude journals without CN numbers; choose “article” and “review” for article type; and select the Top 50 institutions in mainland China, ranked by the number of papers published. The database was updated on May 28th, 2020 and included the data since April 30th, 2020. Retrieval date was June 16th, 2020.

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

48

80

TAB. 2.11 – (continued).

Analysis of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

81

(−5.75), Xidian University (−5.67), China University of Petroleum (−5.60), Capital Medical University (−5.49), Northeastern University (−4.55), China Academy of Engineering Physics (−4.12), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (−3.96), National University of Defense Technology (−3.79), and China Petroleum Corporation (−2.26).

2.1.2.3.3 Number of Highly Cited Papers During 2010–2019, 8 institutions ranked top 10 by both the number of highly cited papers published worldwide and the number of highly cited papers published in China’s SCI-indexed STM journals. They are: Chinese Academy of Sciences (7579; 241), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (1638; 57), Tsinghua University (1886; 43), Peking University (1527; 26), Zhejiang University (1224; 35), University of Science & Technology of China (1131; 31), Nanjing University (905; 24), and Fudan University (959; 19) (see table 2.11). The upmost percentage of highly cited papers published by Chinese institutions in China’s SCI-indexed STM journals against highly cited papers published by Chinese institutions worldwide is 8.19%. The top 10 institutions are: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (8.19%), China National Petroleum Corporation (5.13%), Southeast University (4.29%), National University of Defense Technology (4.21%), China Academy of Engineering Physics (4.17%), China University of Geosciences (3.86%), CAMS & PUMC (3.57%), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (3.48%), Beijing Normal University (3.39%), and Nankai University (3.28%). 2.1.2.3.4 Percentage of International Cooperation Papers In terms of the percentage of international cooperation papers published by top 50 Chinese institutions in China’s STM journals, the top 10 institutions are: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (19.16%), China Agricultural University (17.96%), Sun Yat-sen University (16.34%), Lanzhou University (16.04%), Shanghai Jiaotong University (15.95%), Peking University (15.58%), China University of Geosciences (15.54%), Fudan University (15.08%), Beijing Normal University (15.04%), and Xiamen University (14.85%) (see table 2.11). Compared with the period of 2007–2016, the rankings of institutions remained steady, with the only change being Xiamen University entering the top 10 list for the first time. The “percentage of international cooperation papers” of papers published by the top 50 institutions in China’s STM journals, is all lower than the “percentage of international cooperation papers” of all SCI papers published by each institution, with the D-value between −21.76% and −7.19%. The 10 institutions with the biggest D-value are: Chinese University of Geosciences (−21.76%), Beijing Normal University (−21.18%), Peking University (−20.88%), Tsinghua University (−20.69%), University of Science & Technology of China (−20.09%), University of Electronic Science & Technology of China (−19.76%), Xiamen University (−18.52%), Xidian University (−18.15%), East China Normal University (−18.10%), and Nanjing University (−17.99%). Compared with the data for 2007–2016, University of Science & Technology of China, Xidian University, and Nanjing University are new members of the top 50 list. The 10 institutions with the lowest D-value are: Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (−7.19%), Lanzhou University (−7.63%), China Academy of Engineering Physics (−8.57%), Sichuan University (−9.92%), China

82

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

National Petroleum Corporation (−10.27%), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (−10.85%), Shandong University (−11.30%), National University of Defense Technology (−12.09%), Southeast University (−12.22%), and Sun Yat-sen University (−12.62%).

2.1.2.4

Papers Published by Chinese Academy of Sciences in China’s SCI-Indexed STM Journals

During 2010–2019, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) published a total of 44 928 papers in China’s SCI-indexed STM journals, ranking No. 1 institution with the highest number of papers, accounting for 17.13% of all papers published by China’s STM journals. During the 10-year period, among the 10 STM journals in China where CAS published most papers, 3 journals are Chinese language journals, mostly in Physics. The CNCI of CAS papers published in Journal of Environmental Sciences is higher than the world’s average level, while the CNCI of CAS papers in other journals is lower than the world’s average level (see table 2.12). The CNCI of papers published by CAS in 37 STM journals in China is above 1 and these journals are all in English. The most prominent among these journals are: Fungal Diversity and Light: Science & Applications, managed and hosted by Chinese Academy of Sciences. Their CNCI is 8.63 and 5.68, respectively. Compared with 2007–2016, the number of journals with citation-related parameters of CAS papers better than the disciplinary average level increased by 15, and 9 journals remained in the list. They are: Light: Science & Applications, Molecular Plant, Nano Research, Cell Research, Fungal Diversity, Current Zoology, Journal of Animal Science & Biotechnology, Photonics Research, and Integrative Zoology (see appendix table B.1).

TAB. 2.12 – Top 10 of China’s SCI-indexed STM journals, ranked by the number of papers published by CAS during 2010–2019. Serial no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Chinese journal name

Language

Chinese Physics B Acta Physica Sinica Chinese Physics Letters Science Bulletin Chinese Journal of Geophysics Spectroscopy & Spectral Analysis Chinese Physics C Science China: Earth Sciences Journal of Environmental Sciences SCIENCE China: Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy

ENG CHI ENG ENG CHI CHI ENG ENG ENG ENG

No. of papers 2436 2227 1671 1522 1285 1247 1175 992 846 842

Times cited 9759 5260 6825 17 675 5123 1870 12 470 11 912 12 660 5571

CNCI 0.30 0.17 0.31 0.67 0.25 0.09 0.58 0.70 1.08 0.55

Analysis of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

2.1.3

83

Academic Influence of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

In this section, analysis and comparisons are done on the data of papers published by 16 major scientific paper output countries in their own country’s journals during 2010–2019. Lateral comparisons are done on each country’s papers, in terms of the key impact indexes – total cites, citation impact, percentage of cited papers, and CNCI. In addition, vertical comparisons are done on the papers published by China’s SCI-indexed STM journals during 2010–2019, in terms of the following indexes: percentage of cited papers each year, citation impact, CNCI, IRW, international cooperation papers, and highly cited papers. Rankings in different dimensions of China’s STM journals such as number of papers and influence are presented.

2.1.3.1

Comparison of Academic Influence of Papers Published by Journals in Major Scientific Output Countries in the World

For the period of 2010–2019, 16 countries in the world published over 300 000 papers each, showing strong research power and foundation. On the other hand, the situation of journals and papers published by these countries is quite different (see table 2.13). Among the top 5 countries ranked by the volume of papers by authors, UK and USA rank top 1 & 2 with a big advantage in terms of number of journals, number of papers by these journals, and influence; Germany has a more balanced development, ranking No. 3 by the number of papers by authors, and No. 4 by other parameters of journal citations; Japan ranks 5th and 6th by the number of author papers and journal papers, and 9th and 10th by journal citation impact and CNCI; China ranks 2nd by the number of author papers, 5th by the number of journal papers, 10th by citation impact and 9th by CNCI. Among other countries, the following countries have a big gap between the author paper volume and journal paper volume: Canada’s author paper volume ranks 7th, journal paper volume ranks 14th, citation impact and CNCI is 7th and 6th; Netherlands’ author paper volume ranks 14th, journal number, journal paper volume, and impact all rank 3rd; Russia’s author paper volume ranks 15th, journal number ranks 9th, journal paper volume and impact rank 7th and 16th. The top 5 countries ranked by the number of the country’s own journals are: USA (4405 journals), UK (3015 journals), Netherlands (982 journals), Germany (740 journals), and Japan (252 journals). China has 204 journals with a CN number, ranking 6th. In terms of the ratio of domestic journal paper volume against the domestic author paper volume, 3 countries have their domestic journal paper volume higher than the domestic author paper volume. They are: Netherlands (3.78), UK (3.64), and USA (1.44). For the following countries: China (0.10), Spain (0.10), Iran (0.12), Canada (0.13), Australia (0.17), and Italy (0.19), the domestic journal paper volume is lower than 20% of the domestic author paper volume. (a) The top 3 countries with the highest “citation impact” are: USA (17.19), UK (16.29), and Netherlands (14.03). China ranks 10th, with citation impact being 6.59.

84

TAB. 2.13 – Citation impact of papers published by journals from major SCI paper output countries during 2010–2019. Serial no.

13 14 15 16

No. of journal

USA China Germany UK Japan France Canada Italy India Australia Spain Republic of Korea Brazil Netherlands Russia Iran

4405 204 740 3015 252 195 129 124 103 175 128 129 128 982 160 48

No. of papers by authors from this country (A) 3 992 061 2 755 218 1 073 823 1 010 943 804 541 734 882 674 622 661 255 613 060 598 812 574 874 554 088 438 397 337 304

049 845 727 150

% of cited papers 87.67 80.39 84.06 88.48 78.84 77.46 78.9 79.07 64.55 81.5 68.52 80.82

CNCI

98 675 472 1 727 534 11 436 734 60 005 157 1 713 949 1 496 969 742 163 1 115 590 408 410 790 535 250 715 825 640

Citation impact (C/B) 17.19 6.59 13.35 16.29 6.80 8.84 8.51 8.83 3.35 7.98 4.29 6.13

550 592 21 097 590 490 959 167 799

4.14 14.03 2.62 4.58

72.72 89.56 62.08 73.25

0.31 1.05 0.19 0.40

No. of papers by journals from this country (B) 5 740 417 262 248 856 493 3 683 167 252 158 169 318 87 256 126 361 121 766 99 070 58 407 134 623

Ratio (B/A)

Total cites (C)

1.44 0.10 0.80 3.64 0.31 0.23 0.13 0.19 0.20 0.17 0.10 0.24

132 990 1 503 539 187 510 36 641

0.30 3.78 0.56 0.12

1.17 0.50 0.92 1.16 0.48 0.65 0.67 0.76 0.24 0.67 0.35 0.47

Note: Retrieval method – search for research fields in InCites, with time period 2010–2019; using discipline categorizations of ESI; choose “mainland China” for country/region of author; choose “mainland China” for country/region of journal; exclude journals without CN numbers; and choose “article” and “review” for article type. This list is ordered by the number of papers published by authors from each country.

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Country

Analysis of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

85

(b) The top 3 countries with the highest “percentage of cited papers” are: Netherlands (89.56%), UK (88.48%), and USA (87.67%). China ranks 7th, with the percentage of cited papers being 80.39%. (c) The 3 countries with “CNCI” above 1 (meaning above disciplinary average level) are: USA (1.17), UK (1.16), and Netherlands (1.05). China ranks 9th, with CNCI being 0.50. Compared with the period of 2007–2016, the number of papers published by Chinese authors and that by China’s STM journals still rank 2nd and 5th, but the ranking of “percentage of cited papers” and “CNCI” both decreased by 2 positions. During the 10 years, there were 9 countries with over 10 000 highly cited papers published by domestic authors. They are: USA (72 319 papers), China (33 671 papers), UK (22 625 papers), Germany (18 679 papers), Canada (12 953 papers), Australia (12 330 papers), France (12 308 papers), Italy (10 240 papers), and Netherlands (10 120 papers). The following countries had over 10 000 highly cited papers published by journals: USA (72 181 papers), UK (49 270 papers), and Netherlands (12 659 papers). For UK and Netherlands, the number of highly cited papers published by journals is higher than that by domestic authors. The difference is more prominent for UK (see table 2.14). Compared with the period of 2007–2016, there were 3 new countries with over 10 000 papers published by domestic authors: Australia, Italy, and Netherlands. The number of journal papers remained steady. The ranking of China by the number of highly cited papers by authors and by journals both moved up for 1 position. In terms of the ratio of highly cited papers published in a country’s journals against the total number of highly cited papers published by the country’s authors, the 16 countries can be divided into 2 groups: Group one is UK (2.178), Netherlands (1.251), USA (0.998), and Germany (0.427); Group two is Italy (0.067), Japan (0.054), France (0.053), Republic of Korea (0.048), China (0.031), Australia (0.026), Canada (0.024), Iran (0.019), Brazil (0.017), India (0.012), Spain (0.007), and Russia (0.007) (see table 2.14). Compared with 2007–2016, the distribution of highly cited papers remained steady.

2.1.3.2

Academic Influence of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals in the Past 10 years

2.1.3.2.1 Percentage of Cited Papers For the period of 2010–2019, the world’s average percentage of cited papers is 85.28%. The percentage of cited papers published by China’s STM journals is 80.39%; and the percentage of cited papers published by Chinese authors is 84.29%. The latter is 3.90 percentage points higher in percentage than the former (see figure 2.3). 2.1.3.2.2 Citation Impact For the period of 2010–2019, the world’s average level of citation impact is 14.11. The citation impact of papers published by China’s STM journals is 6.59, and the citation impact of papers published by Chinese authors is 12.83. The latter is 6.24 higher than the former. Compared with the data for 2007–2016, the gap is shortened by 0.95 (see figure 2.4).

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

86

TAB. 2.14 – Number of highly cited papers by authors and journals from major SCI output countries during 2010–2019. Serial no.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Country

USA China Germany UK Japan France Canada Italy India Australia Spain Republic of Korea Brazil Netherlands Russia Iran

Highly cited papers published by authors from this country (A) No. of papers 72 319 33 671 18 679 22 625 7306 12 308 12 953 10 240 4224 12 330 8852 5004

Ranking

3181 10 120 2110 2412

Highly cited papers published by journals from this country (B)

Ratio (B/A)

Ranking

Ratio

Ranking

1 2 4 3 11 7 5 8 13 6 10 12

No. of papers 72 181 1060 7978 49 270 397 655 311 683 49 323 58 240

1 5 4 2 8 7 10 6 14 9 12 11

0.998 0.031 0.427 2.178 0.054 0.053 0.024 0.067 0.012 0.026 0.007 0.048

3 9 4 1 6 7 11 5 14 10 15 8

14 9 16 15

54 12 659 14 47

13 3 16 15

0.017 1.251 0.007 0.019

13 2 15 12

Note: Retrieval method – search for research fields in InCites, with time period 2010–2019; using discipline categorizations of ESI; choose “mainland China” for country/region of author; choose “mainland China” for country/region of journal; exclude journals without CN numbers; and choose “article” and “review” for article type. This list is ordered by the number of papers published by authors from each country.

2.1.3.2.3 Category Normalized Citation Impact (CNCI) For the period of 2010–2019, the CNCI of papers published by China’s STM journals is 0.50, while the CNCI of papers published by Chinese authors is 1.11, 0.61 higher than that by China’s STM journals. Compared with the period of 2007–2016, the CNCI of papers published by China’s STM journals increased by 0.04, while the index for Chinese authors increased by 0.11. Influenced by the time of citations, during the 10-year period, the gap between the CNCI of papers published by China’s STM journals and the CNCI of papers published by Chinese authors has been decreasing. The biggest gap was 0.66 in 2011 and 2012, while the smallest is 0.45 in 2019 (see figure 2.5).

Analysis of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

87

100.00 90.00 80.00

Percentage %

70.00 60.00 50.00 40.00 30.00 % of cited papers published by China’s journals

20.00

% of cited papers published by Chinese authors 10.00 0.00 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014 2015 Year

2016

2017

2018

2019

FIG. 2.3 – Percentage of cited papers published by China’s SCI-indexed STM journals and by Chinese authors during 2010–2019. Notes: Retrieval method – search for research fields in InCites, with time period 2010–2019; using discipline categorizations of ESI; choose “mainland China” for country/region of author; choose “mainland China” for country/region of journal; exclude journals without CN numbers; and choose “article” and “review” for article type. Year-on-year data were used.

30.00

Citation impact

25.00

Citation impact of papers published by China’s journals

24.97 23.49

Citation impact of papers published by Chinese authors

22.38 20.13

20.00

18.33 16.05

15.00

12.94

10.00 8.46

10.06 8.23

8.17

7.98

7.97

7.81

6.60

5.00

6.26

5.64 3.75

1.31

2.03

0.00 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

Year

FIG. 2.4 – Citation impact of papers published by China’s SCI-indexed STM journals and by Chinese authors during 2010–2019. Notes: Retrieval method – search for research fields in InCites, with time period 2010–2019; using discipline categorizations of ESI; choose “mainland China” for country/region of author; choose “mainland China” for country/region of journal; exclude journals without CN numbers; and choose “article” and “review” for article type. Year-on-year data were adopted.

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

88 1.40

CNCI of papers published by China’s journals CNCI of papers published by Chinese authors

1.20

CNCI

1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20 0.00 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

Year

FIG. 2.5 – Citation impact of papers published by China’s SCI-indexed STM journals and by Chinese authors during 2010–2019. Notes: Retrieval method – search for research fields in InCites, with time period 2010–2019; using discipline categorizations of ESI; choose “mainland China” for country/region of author; choose “mainland China” for country/region of journal; exclude journals without CN numbers; and choose “article” and “review” for article type. Year-on-year data were adopted.

2.1.3.2.4 Citation Impact Relative to the World’s Average Level (IRW) For the period of 2010–2019, the ratio of citation impact of papers published by China’s STM journals against the world’s average is 0.57, while the ratio for Chinese authors for the same period is 0.98, 0.41 higher. Compared with the period of 2007–2016, the ratio for China’s STM journals and for Chinese authors both decreased, by 0.07 and 0.29, respectively. Influenced by the change in time of citations, during the 10-year period, the gap between the ratio of citation impact of papers published by China’s STM journals against the world’s average level and the ratio of citation impact of papers published by Chinese authors against the world’s average level has been shortening. The biggest gap is 0.70 in 2012, and the smallest in 0.47 in 2019 (see figure 2.6). 2.1.3.2.5 Percentage of International Cooperation Papers For the period of 2010–2019, the world’s average of the percentage of international cooperation papers is 23.59%. the percentage of international cooperation papers by China’s STM journals is 12.19%, and the percentage by Chinese authors is 25.31%, 13.12 percentage points higher in percentage than that by China’s STM journals. During the 10-year period, the gap between the percentage of international cooperation papers published by China’s STM journals and the percentage of international cooperation papers published by Chinese authors has been shortening. The gap decreased from 14.66%

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Impact relative to world average

1.40 1.20 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 IRW of papers published by China’s journals 0.20

IRW of papers published by Chinese authors

0.00 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

Year

FIG. 2.6 – The IRW of papers published by China’s SCI-indexed STM journals and by Chinese authors during 2010–2019. Notes: Retrieval method – search for research fields in InCites, with time period 2010–2019; using discipline categorizations of ESI; choose “mainland China” for country/region of author; choose “mainland China” for country/region of journal; exclude journals without CN numbers; and choose “article” and “review” for article type. Year-on-year data were adopted.

in 2010 to 9.19% in 2019. It shows that the authors or the institutions of papers by China’s STM journals have been attracting more and more international co-operations (see figure 2.7).

2.1.3.2.6

The Number and Percentage of Highly Cited Papers Published by China’s STM Journals For the period of 2010–2019, 1060 papers published by China’s STM journals were listed as highly cited papers, while 33 671 papers by Chinese authors were highly cited papers. The ratio of highly cited papers by China’s STM journals against the highly cited papers by Chinese authors is 0.031, lower than the ratio of paper volume by China’s STM journals against the paper volume by Chinese authors (0.095). During the 10-year period, the percentage of highly cited papers against the total number of papers published by China’s STM journals ranges between 0.15% and 0.73%, and the percentage of highly cited papers against the total number of papers published by Chinese authors ranges between 0.92% and 1.46% (see table 2.15, figure 2.8). For the period of 2010–2019, papers from 129 STM journals in China were listed as highly cited papers, accounting for 63.24% of the total 204 journals (see appendix table B.2). 27 SCI-indexed STM journals in China each published over 10 highly cited papers (see table 2.16). Compared with the period of 2007–2016, the journal indexes showed improvement. For example, the number of journals with highly cited papers increased by 52, with an increase of 19.74 percentage points in percentage. The number of

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

90 30.00

25.00

% of international cooperation papers by China’s journals % of international cooperation papers by Chinese authors 25.78 24.69 23.96 23.87 23.70 23.67

26.33

26.79

26.22

Percentage %

21.00 20.00 16.24

17.08

14.65

15.00 11.37 10.00 9.01

8.84

9.06

12.32

13.31

10.07

5.00

0.00

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

Year

FIG. 2.7 – Percentage of international cooperation papers published by China’s SCI-indexed STM journals and by Chinese authors during 2010–2019. Notes: Retrieval method – search for research fields in InCites, with time period 2010–2019; using discipline categorizations of ESI; choose “mainland China” for country/region of author; choose “mainland China” for country/region of journal; exclude journals without CN numbers; and choose “article” and “review” for article type. The year-on-year data were used.

highly cited papers in each journal also increased. In terms of the language of publication, 26 of the above 27 journals are in English. Chinese Journal of Catalysis changed from Chinese to English in 2015. The number of highly cited papers by each journal is unbalanced. For example, Molecular Plant and Nano Research each has over 100 highly cited papers, as high as 124 papers; Light: Science & Applications has 82 highly cited papers, ranking 3rd, Fungal Diversity and Cell Research has 54 and 35 highly cited papers, respectively, ranking 4th and 5th. For the period of 2010–2019, papers from 20 journals were selected as hot papers10. These journals are: Nano Research (4 papers), Science China Chemistry (4 papers), Fungal Diversity (3 papers), Molecular Plant (3 papers), Acta Mathematica Scientia (2 papers), Animal Nutrition (2 papers), Journal of Materials Science & Technology (2 papers), Acta Mathematica Sinica English Series (1 paper), Acta Pharmaceutic Sinica B (1 paper), Cell Research (1 paper), Chinese Journal of Catalysis (1 paper), Chinese Physics Letters (1 paper), Frontiers of Mathematics in China (1 paper), Geoscience Frontiers (1 paper), International Journal of Mining Science & Technology (1 paper), Journal of Earth Science (1 paper), Journal of Energy Chemistry (1 paper), Journal of Integrative Plant Biology

10

Hot papers are selected by virtue of being cited among the top 0.1% in a current bimonthly peroid. Papers selected must be published within the last 2 years.

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TAB. 2.15 – Number & percentage of highly cited papers published by China’s SCI-indexed STM journals during 2010–2019. Year

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Total

D-value (%) (B − A)

% of highly cited papers by Chinese authors against all papers (B) 0.92 0.95 0.99 1.03 1.07 1.11 1.21 1.34 1.46 1.43 1.22

% of highly cited papers by China’s journals against all papers (A) 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.22 0.31 0.50 0.47 0.64 0.72 0.73 0.40

No. of highly cited papers by Chinese authors 1214 1477 1789 2209 2662 3120 3738 4651 5817 6994 33 671

No. of highly cited papers by China’s journals 38 38 43 60 83 129 119 167 188 195 1060

0.77 0.80 0.83 0.81 0.76 0.61 0.74 0.70 0.74 0.70 0.82

1.6

Percentage %

1.43

1.34 1.21

1.2 1.0

1.46

% of highly-cited papers published by China’s journals % of highly-cited papers published by Chinese authors

1.4

0.92

0.95

0.99

1.03

1.11

1.07

0.8

0.72

0.73

0.64 0.6

0.50

0.4

0.47

0.31

0.2 0.15

0.15

0.16

0.22

0.0 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

Year

FIG. 2.8 – Percentage of highly cited papers published by China’s SCI-indexed STM journals and by Chinese authors during 2010–2019. Notes: Retrieval method – search for research fields in InCites, with time period 2010–2019; using discipline categorizations of ESI; choose “mainland China” for country/region of author; choose “mainland China” for country/region of journal; exclude journals without CN numbers; and choose “article” and “review” for article type. The year-on-year data were used.

92

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TAB. 2.16 – China’s SCI-indexed STM journals with over 10 highly cited papers during 2010–2019. Serial no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

17 18 19 20 21 22 23

24 25

English journal name

Chinese journal name

Language

Molecular Plant Nano Research Light-Science & Applications Fungal Diversity Cell Research Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B Journal of Integrative Plant Biology Science Bulletin Science China Chemistry Science China Earth Sciences Geoscience Frontiers Acta Pharmacologica Sinica Bone Research Chinese Journal of Catalysis Journal of Materials Science & Technology Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology National Science Review Protein & Cell Insect Science Journal of Energy Chemistry Journal of Environmental Sciences Photonics Research Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Cellular & Molecular Immunology Science China Mathematics

分子植物 纳米研究 (英文版) 光: 科学与应用

ENG ENG ENG

No. of highly cited papers 124 124 82

真菌多样性 (英文) 细胞研究 药学学报 (英文)

ENG ENG ENG

54 35 26

植物学报 (英文版)

ENG

23

科学通报 (英文版) 中国科学: 化学 (英文版)

ENG ENG

23 21

中国科学: 地球科学 (英文版)

ENG

21

地学前缘 (英文版) 中国药理学报 (英文版)

ENG ENG

20 16

骨研究 (英文) 催化学报

ENG CHI, ENG ENG

16 16 16

畜牧与生物技术杂志 (英文版)

ENG

14

国家科学评论 (英文)

ENG

14

蛋白质与细胞 昆虫科学 (英文) 能源化学 (英文)

ENG ENG ENG

14 13 13

环境科学学报 (英文版)

ENG

13

光子学研究 亚洲药物制剂科学 (英文)

ENG ENG

13 11

中国免疫学杂志 (英文版)

ENG

11

中国科学: 数学 (英文版)

ENG

11

材料科学技术 (英文版)

Analysis of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

93

TAB. 2.16 – (continued). Serial no. 26 27

English journal name

Chinese journal name

Language

Chinese Chemical Letters Nano-Micro Letters

中国化学快报 (英文版)

ENG

No. of highly cited papers 10

纳微快报 (英文)

ENG

10

(1 paper), Light: Science & Applications (1 paper), and Nano-Micro Letters (1 paper). The above hot papers were all published in English journals.

2.1.3.3

International Co-operations of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

2.1.3.3.1 Co-operations with the 15 Major Scientific Output Countries For the period of 2010–2019, the 204 STM journals in China all published papers generated from international co-operations with other major scientific output countries. In terms of the number of international cooperation papers, 204 China’s STM journals all published papers cooperated with USA, then UK, Canada, Germany, Australia and Japan. In terms of citations, the percentage of cites to these international cooperation papers is all higher than the average percentage of China’s SCI-indexed STM journals (80.39%). India (89.48%), Italy (88.77%), Spain (88.06%), Germany (87.22%), and Australia (86.58%) are top 5 countries in terms of the percentage of cited papers. In terms of CNCI, the CNCI of international cooperation papers is all above 1, with Netherlands (2.31), Spain (2.16), Brazil (2.11), Italy (2.03), and Russia (2.24) all above 2 (see table 2.17). Compared with the period of 2007–2016, the number, times cited, percentage of cited papers, and CNCI of the international cooperation papers published by China’s SCI-indexed STM journals were all increasing. For example, the number of journals that published papers in cooperation with Canada, and the number of papers increased by 43 and 901 respectively, representing the biggest increase. The number of papers and total cites of international cooperation papers with USA are far higher than those with other countries. During the 10-year period, 14 journals published over 150 international cooperation papers with USA. They are: Nano Research (376 papers), Chinese Medical Journal (284 papers), Cell Research (260 papers), Chinese Physics B (247 papers), Molecular Plant (212 papers), Science China Mathematics (204 papers), Acta Pharmacologica Sinica (202 papers), Journal of Environmental Sciences (193 papers), Advances in Atmospheric Sciences (191 papers), Chinese Physics C (166 papers), Science China Earth Sciences (161 papers), Science China Information Sciences (159 papers), Neural Regeneration Research (154 papers), and Chinese Physics Letters (153 papers). 2.1.3.3.2

Number and Citation Performance of International Cooperation Papers Published by China’s SCI-Indexed STM Journals For the period of 2010–2019, there were 31 960 international cooperation papers published by 204 SCI-indexed STM journals in China. The number of papers per journal ranges from 11 to 874. The top 10 journals with the highest number of international cooperation papers

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

94

TAB. 2.17 – International co-operations between China’s SCI-indexed STM journals and 15 major paper output countries during 2010–2019. Country USA UK Canada Germany Australia Japan France Republic of Korea India Italy Netherlands Spain Iran Russia Brazil

No. of int’l cooperation journals 204 199 195 194 192 192 184 170

No. of int’l co-operation papers 12 543 2450 2106 2438 2614 2300 1761 1363

Total cites 156 472 36 343 30 087 42 312 37 274 32 795 31 938 23 652

% of cited papers 86.13 85.08 85.69 87.22 86.58 85.51 86.58 85.32

CNCI

160 160 153 153 130 124 109

1074 998 657 855 738 622 363

23 684 24 199 21 594 21 803 7122 16 315 6627

89.48 88.77 86.15 88.06 84.01 84.70 84.30

1.85 2.03 2.31 2.16 1.03 2.24 2.11

1.05 1.28 1.16 1.53 1.26 1.09 1.51 1.35

Note: Retrieval method – search for research fields in InCites, with time period 2010–2019; using discipline categorizations of ESI; choose “mainland China” for country/region of author; choose “mainland China” for country/region of journal; exclude journals without CN numbers; and choose “article” and “review” for article type.

are: Chinese Physics B (874 papers), Nano Research (786 papers), China Science Bulletin (647 papers), Journal of Environmental Sciences (599 papers), Chinese Physics Letters (548 papers), Chinese Medical Journal (464 papers), Journal of Central South University (437 papers), Molecular Plant (434 papers), Journal of Integrative Agriculture (418 papers), and Science China Information Sciences (413 papers). The top 10 journals with the highest percentage of international cooperation papers are: Fungal Diversity (71.22%), Infectious Diseases of Poverty (55.57%), Light: Science & Applications (50.33%), Forest Ecosystems (44.20%), Horticulture Research (43.97%), Cell Research (40.66%), Molecular Plant (40.26%), Eye & Vision (40.25%), Integrative Zoology (39.87%), and National Science Review (39.34%). The top 10 journals with the highest “citation impact” (times cited per paper) of international cooperation papers are: Cell Research (49.64), Fungal Diversity (49.14), Light: Science & Applications (44.54), Chinese Physics C (38.76), Molecular Plant (35.22), Nano Research (26.79), Bone Research (25.43), National Science Review (22.95), Journal of Molecular Cell Biology (22.26), and Cellular & Molecular Immunology (21.75). There are 50 journals with international cooperation papers whose CNCI is above 1. That means the papers’ citation performance is higher than the disciplinary average level of worldwide papers. The top 10 journals with the highest CNCI are: Fungal Diversity (5.13), Light: Science & Applications (4.37), Molecular Plant (3.51), Nano Research (2.54),

Analysis of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

95

Chinese Physics C (2.50), Cell Research (2.20), National Science Review (2.20), Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica (1.99), Bone Research (1.82), and Horticulture Research (1.80).

2.1.3.4

Rankings of China’s SCI-Indexed STM Journals by Number of Papers and Impact

For the period of 2010–2019, 262 248 papers were published by 204 SCI-indexed STM journals in China. The number of papers per journal ranges from 43 to 12 770. Appendix Table B.2 of this chapter lists the indexes of the total 204 China’s STM journals, including the number of papers published, total cites, citation impact, percentage of cited papers, CNCI, percentage of international cooperation papers, number of papers by Chinese authors, number of highly cited papers, and number of hot papers. For the ranking lists of China’s SCI-indexed STM journals: top 10 by number of papers, top 10 by cited times, top 10 by citation impact, top 10 by percentage of cited papers, and journals with CNCI above 1, please see tables 2.18–2.22, respectively.

2.2

Analysis of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals, Based on Scopus Data

Scopus was launched by Elsevier in November 2004. It is by far the world’s largest abstract and citation database. Scopus includes over 30 000 journals from more than 5000 publishers covering science & technology, medicine, and social sciences. Different from other databases which only provide abstract and indexing, Scopus provides more comprehensive TAB. 2.18 – Top 10 China’s SCI-indexed journals ranked by the number of papers during 2010–2019. Serial no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Journal name (English)

Journal name (Chinese)

Language

Acta Physica Sinica Chinese Physics B Rare Metal Materials and Engineering Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis Chinese Physics Letters Chinese Medical Journal Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities-Chinese Science Bulletin Chinese Journal of Geophysics-Chinese Edition

物理学报 中国物理B 稀有金属材料与工程

CHI ENG CHI

No. of papers 12 770 10 945 7856

光谱学与光谱分析

CHI

7041

中国物理快报 (英文版) 中华医学杂志 (英文版) 中国有色金属学报 (英文版)

ENG ENG ENG

5872 5605 4502

高等学校化学学报

CHI

4081

科学通报 (英文版) 地球物理学报

ENG CHI

3951 3913

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

96

TAB. 2.19 – Top 10 China’s SCI-indexed journals ranked by citations during 2010–2019. Serial no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Journal name (English)

Journal name (Chinese)

Language

Nano Research Chinese Physics B Cell Research Journal of Environmental Sciences Science Bulletin Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China Molecular Plant Acta Physica Sinica Chinese Medical Journal Chinese Chemical Letters

纳米研究 (英文版) 中国物理B 细胞研究 环境科学学报 (英文版)

ENG ENG ENG ENG

Total citations 73 755 50 056 50 046 45 595

科学通报 (英文版) 中国有色金属学报 (英文版)

ENG ENG

43 231 41 428

分子植物 物理学报 中华医学杂志 (英文版) 中国化学快报 (英文版)

ENG CHI ENG ENG

40 33 31 30

204 920 080 859

TAB . 2.20 – Top 10 China’s SCI-indexed journals ranked by citation impact during 2010–2019. Serial no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Journal name (English)

Journal name (Chinese)

Language

Cell Research Fungal Diversity Light-Science & Applications Molecular Plant Bone Research Nano Research Journal of Molecular Cell Biology National Science Review Cellular & Molecular Immunology Protein & Cell

细胞研究 真菌多样性 (英文) 光: 科学与应用

ENG ENG ENG

Citation impact 60.74 46.37 43.76

分子植物 骨研究 (英文) 纳米研究 (英文版) 分子细胞生物学报

ENG ENG ENG ENG

37.29 29.44 28.61 24.27

国家科学评论 (英文) 中国免疫学杂志 (英文版)

ENG ENG

23.48 23.23

蛋白质与细胞

ENG

21.12

services and covers a broader range of disciplines. Based on the quantitative data from Scopus, this chapter illustrates the distribution by disciplines of papers published by China’s STM journals in 2009–2018, the changes in paper output volume by China’s STM journals and by Chinese authors in each year, and the comparisons between the number of paper published by China’s Scopus-indexed Chinese journals and English journals.

Analysis of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

97

TAB. 2.21 – Top 10 China’s SCI-indexed journals ranked by percentage of paper citations during 2010–2019. Serial no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

2.2.1

Journal name (English)

Journal name (Chinese)

Language

Fungal Diversity Cell Research Molecular Plant Cellular & Molecular Immunology Light-Science & Applications Protein & Cell Journal of Integrative Plant Biology Journal of Environmental Sciences Nano-Micro Letters Chinese Journal of Cancer

真菌多样性 (英文) 细胞研究 分子植物 中国免疫学杂志 (英文版)

ENG ENG ENG ENG

% of paper citations 100.00 99.51 99.17 98.08

光: 科学与应用

ENG

97.72

蛋白质与细胞 植物学报 (英文版)

ENG ENG

97.49 97.11

环境科学学报 (英文版)

ENG

96.97

纳微快报 (英文) 癌症

ENG ENG

96.95 96.79

Distribution by Disciplines of Papers Indexed by Scopus

Based on the retrieval results from Scopus in June 2020, 19 662 651 papers (articles and reviews) worldwide were indexed by Scopus in 2009–2018. Among them, 3 434 645 papers were published by Chinese authors. During the 10-year period, there were 1 151 844 papers published by China’s STM journals (see table 2.23). Scopus lists the cross-disciplinary papers into different disciplines and there is an overlap in the statistics. Some papers are counted under different disciplines, and a small number of papers have no disciplinary category. In this case, for the period of 2009–2018, the total number of papers for each discipline worldwide, the total number of papers for each discipline in China’s STM journals, and the total number of papers for each discipline by Chinese authors are all higher than the actual number of papers, which is 69.59%, 62.28%, and 81.41%, respectively. Table 2.23 shows, for the period of 2009–2018, the papers published by China’s Scopus-indexed journals account for 5.86% of the world’s total papers. There are 5 disciplines in which over 100 000 papers were published by China’s STM journals. They are: “engineering” (445 309 papers), “physics and astronomy” (194 505 papers), “medicine” (190 573 papers), “materials science” (177 258 papers), and “earth and planetary sciences” (123 951 papers). There are 5 disciplines with the highest percentage of papers published by China’s STM journals in each discipline against the world’s total papers in that discipline. They are: “engineering” (14.80%), “energy” (13.63%), “earth and planetary sciences” (13.47%), “materials science” (8.74%), and “physics and astronomy” (8.51%). The 5 disciplines with the lowest percentage of papers published by China’s STM journals in each discipline against the world’s total papers for that discipline, are: “psychology” (0.01%),

98

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

TAB. 2.22 – China’s SCI-indexed journals with CNCI of papers published during 2010–2019 above 1. Serial no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

Journal name (English)

Journal name (Chinese)

Language

CNCI

Fungal Diversity Light-Science & Applications Molecular Plant Nano Research Cell Research Bone Research Photonics Research Horticulture Research National Science Review Journal of Integrative Plant Biology Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B Geoscience Frontiers Nano-Micro Letters Ieee-Caa Journal of Automatica Sinica Microsystems & Nanoengineering Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy Crop Journal Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis Cellular & Molecular Immunology Green Energy & Environment Journal of Energy Chemistry Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Insect Science Journal of Plant Ecology Acta Pharmacologica Sinica Science China Materials Current Zoology Journal of Environmental Sciences Journal of Sport And Health Science Journal of Animal Science And Biotechnology Journal of Systematics And Evolution

真菌多样性 (英文) 光: 科学与应用 分子植物 纳米研究 (英文版) 细胞研究 骨研究 (英文) 光子学研究 园艺研究 (英文) 国家科学评论 (英文) 植物学报 (英文版)

ENG ENG ENG ENG ENG ENG ENG ENG ENG ENG

4.45 4.37 3.27 2.65 2.18 1.93 1.80 1.78 1.76 1.69

药学学报 (英文版) 地学前缘 (英文版) 纳微快报 (英文) 自动化学报 (英文版)

ENG ENG ENG ENG

1.65 1.57 1.42 1.40

微系统与纳米工程 (英文)

ENG

1.32

信号转导与靶向治疗 (英文)

ENG

1.30

作物学报 (英文版) 药物分析学报 (英文)

ENG ENG

1.27 1.25

中国免疫学杂志 (英文版)

ENG

1.24

绿色能源与环境 (英文) 能源化学 (英文) 亚洲药物制剂科学 (英文)

ENG ENG ENG

1.23 1.22 1.21

昆虫科学 (英文) 植物生态学报 (英文版) 中国药理学报 (英文版) 中国科学: 材料科学 (英文) 动物学报 环境科学学报 (英文版)

ENG ENG ENG ENG ENG ENG

1.19 1.14 1.14 1.10 1.09 1.07

运动与健康科学

ENG

1.06

畜牧与生物技术杂志 (英文版) 植物分类学报

ENG

1.05

ENG

1.05

Analysis of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

99

TAB. 2.22 – (continued). Serial no. 32 33 34 35 36 37 38

Journal name (English)

Journal name (Chinese)

Language

CNCI

International Journal of Mining Science And Technology Digital Communications and Networks Forest Ecosystems Animal Nutrition Journal of Magnesium And Alloys Zoological Research Pedosphere

矿业科学技术学报 (英文)

ENG

1.05

数字通信与网络 (英文)

ENG

1.04

森林生态系统 (英文) 动物营养 (英文) 镁合金学报 (英文)

ENG ENG ENG

1.03 1.03 1.02

动物学研究 (英文版) 土壤圈 (英文版)

ENG ENG

1.02 1.01

“dentistry” (0.18%), “decision sciences” (0.23%), “health professions” (0.31%), and “economics, econometrics, and finance” (0.45%). For the same period, the papers published by Chinese authors account for 17.47% of the world’s total papers, 11.61 percentage points than the percentage of papers published by China’s STM journals (5.86%). There are 16 disciplines with the percentage of papers published by Chinese authors in Scopus-indexed journals higher than 10%. The top 5 disciplines by the number of papers are: “energy” (33.00%), “engineering” (32.45%), “materials science” (31.61%), “chemical engineering” (29.31%), and “computer science” (27.55%).

2.2.2

Changes in Number of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals and by Chinese Authors During 2009–2018

During 2009–2018, the number of papers published by China’s Scopus-indexed STM journals increased by 10.46%. For the same period, the number of papers published by Chinese authors increased by 139.66% (see table 2.24). During the 10-year period, the number of papers published by China’s STM journals fluctuated, with both increase and decrease, in 27 disciplines. And at the same time, the total number of papers published by Chinese authors all had a big increase in all 27 disciplines (see figure 2.9).

2.2.3

Comparison of Publication Volume Between the Chinese and English STM Journals in Scopus

Scopus indexed a large number of Chinese journals from China. During 2009–2018, Chinese journals published a total of 867 264 papers (accounting for 75.29% of all papers published by China’s STM journals). The number is far greater than the number of papers by China’s English journals, which is 284 580 (see table 2.25). When comparing the changes in number of papers published by China’s Chinese journals and English journals in each discipline, the statistics show that the total number of

Serial no. 1 2 3

5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

16 17

Medicine Engineering Biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology Physics and astronomy Chemistry Materials science Agricultural and biological sciences Social sciences Environmental science Computer science Mathematics Chemical engineering Earth and planetary sciences Arts and humanities Pharmacology, toxicology and pharmaceutics Immunology and microbiology Energy

No. of world papers in each discipline (A) 5 485 823 3 008 132 2 765 077

No. of papers in each discipline by China’s journals (B) 190 573 445 309 60 374

% (B/A × 100%)

% (C/A × 100%)

3.47 14.80 2.18

No. of papers in each discipline by Chinese authors (C) 523 884 976 075 491 817

2 285 988

194 505

8.51

604 987

26.47

2 110 193 2 029 028 1 876 522

83 846 177 258 86 715

3.97 8.74 4.62

573 461 641 362 283 436

27.18 31.61 15.10

1 769 527 1 191 160

14 795 66 863

0.84 5.61

65 322 232 041

3.69 19.48

1 116 836 1 100 793 1 038 359

92 011 69 655 61 911

8.24 6.33 5.96

307 685 256 513 304 390

27.55 23.30 29.31

920 241

123 951

13.47

227 436

24.71

895 908 787 553

7814 46 030

0.87 5.84

19 084 141 185

2.13 17.93

670 296

13 331

1.99

98 613

14.71

608 812

82 975

13.63

200 883

33.00

9.55 32.45 17.79

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

4

Discipline

100

TAB. 2.23 – Comparisons of the number of papers in 27 disciplines during 2009–2018 (Scopus database).

Serial no. 18 19 20

21 22

23 24 25 26 27 28

Discipline

Neuroscience Psychology Business, management and accounting Multidisciplinary Economics, econometrics and finance Nursing Health professions Decision sciences Veterinary Dentistry No category Total No. of papers (excl overlap) % of overlap

No. of world papers in each discipline (A) 579 745 526 029 503 133

No. of papers in each discipline by China’s journals (B) 7117 54 2332

% (B/A × 100%)

% (C/A × 100%)

1.23 0.01 0.46

No. of papers in each discipline by Chinese authors (C) 57 794 13 036 27 468

451 213 392 844

31 922 1761

7.07 0.45

102 885 20 102

22.80 5.12

386 102 252 417 206 726 206 726 180 311 609 33 346 103 19 662 651

2635 774 468 3895 321 – 1 869 195 1 151 844

0.68 0.31 0.23 1.88 0.18 – 5.61 5.86

12 782 8402 21 502 12 173 6317 4 6 230 639 3 434 645

3.31 3.33 10.40 5.89 3.50 – 18.68 17.47

69.59

62.28

–

81.41

–

9.97 2.48 5.46

Analysis of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

TAB. 2.23 – (continued).

Note: Time of retrieval was May 31st, 2020–June 9th, 2020.

101

Serial no.

1 2

5 6

7

8 9 10 11

12 13 14 15 16

Veterinary Agricultural and biological sciences Social sciences Environmental science Neuroscience Business, management and accounting Economics, econometrics, and finance Energy Earth and planetary sciences Immunology and microbiology Pharmacology, toxicology and pharmaceutics Nursing Arts and humanities Dentistry Materials science Multidisciplinary

Published by China’s journals

Published by Chinese authors

No. of papers in 2009 (A) 126 5185

No. of papers in 2018 (B) 512 13 026

Increase rate % ((B − A)/ A × 100%) 306.35 151.22

No. of papers in 2009 (C) 645 14 475

No. of papers in 2018 (D) 1620 41 901

Increase rate % ((D – C)/ C × 100%) 151.16 189.47

968 4302

2194 9242

126.65 114.83

3085 11 416

12 208 42 344

295.72 270.92

451 157

871 297

93.13 89.17

2815 1089

10 041 5851

256.70 437.28

137

208

51.82

850

4101

382.47

6369 9687

9329 13 244

46.48 36.72

11 222 14 364

34 098 31 594

203.85 119.95

1233

1527

23.84

4998

15 762

215.37

3907

4760

21.83

8579

21 058

145.46

250 723 28 16 378 3399

282 805 31 18 004 3392

12.80 11.34 10.71 9.93 −0.21

684 1211 382 42 964 4622

2081 2767 798 100 165 11 137

204.24 128.49 108.90 133.14 140.96

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

3 4

Discipline

102

TAB. 2.24 – Changes in number of papers published by China’s journals and by Chinese authors in each discipline during 2009–2018 (Scopus database).

Serial no.

17 18

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

Discipline

Chemical engineering Biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology Physics and astronomy Engineering Mathematics Medicine Chemistry Computer science Health professions Decision sciences Psychology No category Total

Published by China’s journals

Published by Chinese authors

No. of papers in 2009 (A) 6194 6389

No. of papers in 2018 (B) 6008 6133

Increase rate % ((B − A)/ A × 100%) −3.00 −4.01

No. of papers in 2009 (C) 15 977 24 960

No. of papers in 2018 (D) 48 388 73 674

Increase rate % ((D – C)/ C × 100%) 202.86 195.17

18 229

17 466

−4.19

44 300

82 990

87.34

44 645 7837 18 455 8783 10 072 0 0 0 – 173 904

42 623 7387 17 356 8179 9024 109 90 0 – 192 099

−4.53 −5.74 −5.96 −6.88 −10.41 – – – – 10.46

68 227 18 677 35 362 36 539 18 666 301 1113 444 0 387 967

141 367 33 527 72 980 85 685 46 009 1480 3655 2522 2 929 805

107.20 79.51 106.38 134.50 146.49 391.69 228.39 468.02 – 139.66

Analysis of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

TAB. 2.24 – (continued).

103

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

104 1000000

929805 China’s journals

No. of papers

800000

Chinese authors 662662

200000 0

753874

814616

596452

600000 400000

706882

387967

407893

173904 178032

2009

2010

455671

175471

2011

514817

177949

2012

194707

2013

196489

2014 Year

195246

2015

192863

2016

192956

192099

2017

2018

FIG. 2.9 – Comparisons of number of papers published by China’s journals and by Chinese authors during 2009–2018 (Scopus database). papers published by Chinese journals was decreasing (−2.64%), and the number by English journals was increasing by 70.10% (see table 2.26, figure 2.10). Except for the discipline of “arta and humanities”, the increase rate of the number of papers published by China’s English journals in each discipline is all greater than that of Chinese journals (see table 2.26). One thing to note is, for disciplines such as “decision sciences”, “dentistry”, “economics, econometrics and finance”, “health professions”, “psychology”, “veterinary” etc. there is no paper indexed by Scopus.

2.3

Analysis of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals, Based on CNKI Data

In this section, analysis is done based on the 5369 STM journals included in CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, produced by CAJ-CD Electronic Publishing Housing Co. Ltd., www. cnki.net) (the “China’s STM journals” referred to hereafter are the 5369 journals mentioned here). The number of papers in 2018, distribution by disciplines, funded papers, international co-operations, and the accumulative academic influence of papers published during 2009–2018 are analyzed. In order to reflect the positive influences on China’s economic constructions by technical journals from an overall perspective, this section provides separate analysis of technical journal papers in terms of publication, download, and citations.

2.3.1

Distribution by Disciplines of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

In 2018, there were 1.645 million citable papers published by 5369 China’s STM journals. The number is at par to the number of 1.636 million papers in 2017. The number of papers per journal is 306.

Serial no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

12 13 14 15 16

Agricultural and biological sciences Arts and humanities Biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology Business, management and accounting Chemical engineering Chemistry Computer science Decision sciences Dentistry Earth and planetary sciences Economics, econometrics and finance Energy Engineering Environmental science Health professions Immunology and microbiology Materials science Mathematics Medicine Multidisciplinary Neuroscience

No. of papers by China’s journals (A) 86 715

No. of papers by China’s Chinese journals (B)

% (B/A × 100%)

% (C/A × 100%)

75.12

No. of papers by China’s English journals (C) 21 572

65 143

7814 60 374

5221 38 123

66.82 63.14

2593 22 251

33.18 36.86

2332

1375

58.96

957

41.04

61 911 83 846 92 011 468 321 123 951

53 909 59 050 76 063 0 0 86 048

87.07 70.43 82.67 0.00 0.00 69.42

8002 24 796 15 948 468 321 37 903

12.93 29.57 17.33 100.00 100.00 30.58

1761

0

0.00

1761

100.00

82 975 445 309 66 863 774 13 331

67 258 379 493 44 780 0 11 474

81.06 85.22 66.97 0.00 86.07

15 717 65 816 22 083 774 1857

18.94 14.78 33.03 100.00 13.93

177 258 69 655 190 573 31 922 7117

134 595 48 349 137 948 27 130 3050

75.93 69.41 72.39 84.99 42.86

42 663 21 306 52 625 4792 4067

24.07 30.59 27.61 15.01 57.14

24.88

105

17 18 19 20 21

Discipline

Analysis of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

TAB. 2.25 – Comparisons of number of papers published by China’s journals in each discipline during 2009–2018 (Scopus database).

Serial no. 22 23

Nursing Pharmacology, toxicology and pharmaceutics Physics and astronomy Psychology Social sciences Veterinary Total No. of paper (excl overlap) % of overlap

No. of papers by China’s journals (A) 2635 46 030

No. of papers by China’s Chinese journals (B)

% (B/A × 100%)

% (C/A × 100%)

85.73 83.56

No. of papers by China’s English journals (C) 376 7566

2259 38 464

194 505 54 14 795 3895 1 869 195 1 151 844

143 097 0 7092 0 1 429 921 867 264

73.57 0.00 47.94 0.00 76.50 75.29

51 408 54 7703 3895 439 274 284 580

26.43 100.00 52.06 100.00 23.50 24.71

62.28

64.88

–

54.36

–

14.27 16.44

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

24 25 26 27

Discipline

106

TAB. 2.25 – (continued).

Serial no.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9

10 11 12 13

Agricultural and biological sciences Social sciences Environmental science Neuroscience Energy Earth and planetary sciences Arts and humanities Pharmacology, toxicology, and pharmaceutics Business, management and accounting Immunology and microbiology Multidisciplinary Materials science Physics and astronomy Engineering Chemical engineering Medicine

Chinese journals

English journals

No. of papers in 2009 (A) 4024

No. of papers in 2018 (B) 9921

Increase rate % ((B − A)/ A × 100%) 146.55

No. of papers in 2009 (C) 1161

No. of papers in 2018 (D) 3105

Increase rate % ((D − C)/ C × 100%) 167.44

529 3144

1019 5987

92.63 90.43

439 1158

1175 3255

167.65 181.09

230 5168 7027

373 7137 8891

62.17 38.10 26.53

221 1201 2660

498 2192 4353

125.34 82.51 63.65

452 3488

551 3809

21.90 9.20

271 419

254 951

−6.27 126.97

126

130

3.17

31

167

438.71

1121

1106

−1.34

112

421

275.89

2914 13 590 13 723

2769 12 704 12 550

−4.98 −6.52 −8.55

485 2788 4506

623 5300 4916

28.45 90.10 9.10

39 602 5575 14 477

35 260 4901 12 193

−10.96 −12.09 −15.78

5043 619 3978

7363 1107 5163

46.00 78.84 29.79

107

14 15 16

Discipline

Analysis of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

TAB. 2.26 – Changes in number of papers published by China’s Chinese journals and China’s English journals during 2009–2018 (Scopus database).

Serial no.

22 23 24

25 26 27

Computer science Mathematics Chemistry Nursing Biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology Decision sciences Dentistry Economics, econometrics and finance Health professions Psychology Veterinary Total

Chinese journals

English journals

No. of papers in 2009 (A) 9174 6133 6815 250 5017

No. of papers in 2018 (B) 6892 4510 5000 177 2934

Increase rate % ((B − A)/ A × 100%) −24.87 −26.46 −26.63 −29.20 −41.52

No. of papers in 2009 (C) 898 1704 1968 0 1372

No. of papers in 2018 (D) 2132 2877 3179 105 3199

Increase rate % ((D − C)/ C × 100%) 137.42 68.84 61.53 – 133.16

0 0 0

0 0 0

– – –

0 28 137

90 31 208

– 10.71 51.82

0 0 0 142 579

0 0 0 138 814

– – – −2.64

0 0 126 31 325

109 0 512 53 285

– – 306.35 70.10

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

17 18 19 20 21

Discipline

108

TAB. 2.26 – (continued).

Analysis of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals China's Chinese journals 160000

109 China's English journals

150366 148208 146007 143531 142071 138814 142579 141526 138560 138259

No. of papers

120000

80000

40000

0

31325

2009

36506

2010

36911

2011

39690

2012

44341

2013

48281

2014 Year

49239

2015

49332

2016

50885

2017

53285

2018

FIG. 2.10 – Comparisons of number of papers published by China’s Chinese journals and by China’s English journals during 2009–2018 (Scopus database).

Chinese Academic Journal Impact Factor Annual Report: Natural Science & Engineering (referred to as Impact Factor Annual Report) 2019 Edition has 65 discipline categories, among which 60 are specialized disciplines, 4 are comprehensive disciplines, and 1 is cross-disciplinary. Among the 1.645 million papers, around 300 000 papers are in social sciences or cross-disciplinary, and 1.347 million papers are in 60 specialized disciplines in science & technology fields. Some papers cover more than 2 disciplines. Hence, considering the overlap in disciplines, the total number of papers in science & technology is 1.47 million papers, and the percentage of papers in each discipline is shown in table 2.27. Among the 60 disciplines, 36 publish over 10 000 papers. The papers by these 36 disciplines account for 92.16% of all papers. There are 5 disciplines with the percentage above 5%. They are: “nursing” (97 176 papers, 6.61%), “civil engineering” (93 878, 6.38%), “automation technology, computer technology” (92 213 papers, 6.27%), “internal medicine” (89 426 papers, 6.08%), and “transportation engineering” (84 625 papers, 5.76%).

2.3.2

Distribution by Regions of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

Statistics on all the regions of publishing institutions in China show (see table 2.28), there are 12 regions with the percentage of papers published in 2018 in China’s STM journals above 3%. Their papers account for 65.27% of papers by 31 regions in China. The region with the highest number of papers is Beijing, accounting for 9.90%. Aside from Beijing, the 11 regions with high volume of papers are: Jiangsu (151 711 papers, 8.72%), Guangdong (113 539 papers, 6.53%), Shandong (98 261 papers, 5.65%), Henan (96 301 papers, 5.54%), Shaanxi (78 427 papers, 4.51%), Hubei (76 497 papers, 4.40%), Sichuan (74 893 papers, 4.30%), Shanghai (73 719 papers, 4.24%), Liaoning (70 411 papers, 4.05%), Zhejiang (69 719 papers, 4.01%), and Hebei (59 734 papers, 3.43%).

110

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

TAB. 2.27 – Statistics of papers in each discipline published by China’s STM journals in 2018. Serial no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43

Discipline Nursing Civil engineering Automation technology, computer technology Internal medicine Transportation engineering Traditional Chinese medicine & pharmacology Surgery Oncology Electrical engineering Environmental science & technology Obstetrics, gynecology & pediatrics Radio electronics, telecom technology Chemical engineering Preventive medicine & health Clinical medicine general Animal husbandry & veterinary science Neurology & psychiatry Metallography & metalwork Agronomy Mining engineering & technology Oil & gas industry Chemistry Food science & technology Horticulture Geology Water conservancy engineering Light industry (excl textile & food) Mechanical engineering Pharmacology Aeronaurical and astronautical science & technology Forestry Otorhinolaryngology & ophthalmology Plant protection Biology Mathematics Materials science Stomatology Agricultural basic science Military medicine & special medicine Basic medicine Agricultural engineering Geomatics science & technology Atmospheric science

No. of papers 97 176 93 878 92 213 89 426 84 625 73 312 64 210 57 839 54 099 45 883 45 825 39 942 39 223 37 416 36 578 33 427 28 506 27 081 24 186 23 700 22 715 22 706 22 248 21 989 20 045 18 578 17 958 17 678 14 241 14 179 13 758 13 381 13 136 12 751 10 650 10 422 9481 8674 8145 8123 7780 7508 6933

% 6.61 6.38 6.27 6.08 5.76 4.99 4.37 3.93 3.68 3.12 3.12 2.72 2.67 2.54 2.49 2.27 1.94 1.84 1.64 1.61 1.54 1.54 1.51 1.50 1.36 1.26 1.22 1.20 0.97 0.96 0.94 0.91 0.89 0.87 0.72 0.71 0.64 0.59 0.55 0.55 0.53 0.51 0.47

Analysis of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

111

TAB. 2.27 – (continued). Serial no. 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

Discipline Engineering & technology science basics Aquaculture Metallurgical engineering technology Energy & power engineering Physics Dermatology & venereology Geophysics Textile science & technology Marine science Weapon industry & military technology Safety science & technology Mechanics Nuclear science & technology Health services administration Astronomy Natural geography System science Total

No. of papers 6283 5857 5765 5714 5711 4995 4656 3913 3422 2714 2445 2142 1732 1466 1021 592 271 1 470 323

% 0.43 0.40 0.39 0.39 0.39 0.34 0.32 0.27 0.23 0.18 0.17 0.15 0.12 0.10 0.07 0.04 0.02 100.00

Note: The list is ordered by the number of papers published. Data source is CNKI. There is overlap in disciplines. Hence a paper can cover more than 2 disciplines.

2.3.3

Distribution by Publishing Institutions of Papers Published in China’s STM Journals

In 2018, among the publishing institutions of papers published by China’s STM journals, higher education institutions (excluding colleges/vocational schools, the same hereafter) account for 35.53%, medical institutions account for 29.69%, enterprises and research institutions account for 12.27% and 9.68%, respectively, public organizations, and other institutions such as colleges/vocational schools, middle/high schools, elementary school, kindergartens, etc. account for 12.83% (see figure 2.11). Table 2.29 lists the composition of different publishing institutions of China’s STM journal papers in each discipline: (A) For 12 disciplines, the percentage of papers published by higher education institutions is higher than 60%. They are: “mathematics” (94.26%), “mechanics” (90.24%), “system science” (87.82%), “physics” (86.18%), “materials science” (85.68%), “biology” (74.03%), “chemistry” (67.95%), “automation technology, computer technology” (67.37%), “engineering & science and technology basic subjects” (64.71%), “marine science” (62.13%), “food science & technology” (60.94%), and “natural geography” (60.81%). This means that higher education institutions focus primarily on basic research and applied basic research.

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

112

TAB. 2.28 – Statistics of the number of papers in each region, published by China’s STM journals in 2018. Serial no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Region Beijing Jiangsu Guangdong Shandong Henan Shaanxi Hubei Sichuan Shanghai Liaoning Zhejiang

No. of papers 172 236 151 711 113 539 98 261 96 301 78 427 76 497 74 893 73 719 70 411 69 719

% of total 9.90 8.72 6.53 5.65 5.54 4.51 4.40 4.30 4.24 4.05 4.01

Serial no. 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

Hebei Anhui Hunan Heilongjiang Shanxi

59 50 48 45 45

3.43 2.91 2.79 2.62 2.59

28 29 30 31

734 685 550 532 137

Region Fujian Jilin Guangxi Jiangxi Tianjin Gansu Yunnan Xinjiang Chongqing Guizhou Inner Mongolia Qinghai Ningxia Hainan Tibet Total

No. of papers 42 367 38 738 38 430 37 770 36 059 34 091 33 488 33 163 32 462 30 543 26 073

% of total 2.44 2.23 2.21 2.17 2.07 1.96 1.92 1.91 1.87 1.76 1.50

10 371 9108 9006 2695 1 739 716

0.60 0.52 0.52 0.15 100.00

Note: The list is ordered by the number of papers published. Data source is CNKI. Statistics are based on all regions of publishing institutions. Hence there is overlap in regions, which means a paper can be listed under different regions.

(B) For 11 disciplines, the percentage of papers published by medical institutions is higher than 80%. They are: “surgery” (95.84%), “obstetrics, gynecology & pediatrics” (95.16%), “nursing” (93.86%), “oncology” (93.50%), “clinical medicine comprehensive” (93.00%), “internal medicine” (90.96%), “dermatology & venereology” (90.87%), “otorhinolaryngology & ophthalmology” (90.49%), “neurology & psychiatry” (90.10%), “stomatology” (87.50%), and “military medicine & special medicine” (84.87%). This means that medical institutions focus primarily on the medical research of the clinical departments. (C) The top 10 disciplines with the highest percentage of papers published by enterprises are: “oil & natural gas industry” (69.92%), “metallurgical engineering technology” (56.08%), “mining engineering & technology” (54.38%), “electrical engineering” (45.22%), “transportation engineering” (39.34%), “metallography & metalwork” (32.14%), “chemical engineering” (28.07%), “energy & power engineering” (27.77%), “civil engineering” (26.16%), and “geology” (24.35%). This means that enterprises focus primarily on research in specialized engineering and technology fields. (D) The top 10 disciplines with the highest percentage of papers published by research institutions are: “nuclear science & technology” (60.28%), “astronomy” (41.43%), “aeronautical and astronautical science & technology” (35.09%), “horticulture”

Analysis of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

113

Others 12.83% Research institutions 9.68%

Higher-education institutions 35.53%

Enterprises 12.27%

Medical institutions 29.69%

FIG. 2.11 – Percentage of publishing institutions of China’s STM journal papers in 2018. (34.98%), “marine science” (34.37%), “weapon industry & military technology” (34.12%), “aquaculture” (32.85%), “geophysics” (32.37%), “natural geography” (31.59%), and “geology” (30.06%). This means that research institutes such as Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences focus primarily on research in fields of astronomy, geosciences, biology & agricultural science, etc. For the top 10 lists of institutions by different types with the highest number of papers, please see table 2.30.

2.3.4

Analysis of Funded Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

Papers generated from the results of a research project supported by a fund are called funded papers. Research projects supported by funds are done based on sufficient argumentation and investigation, and the object of study is normally about the tasks of urgent needs of the nation, or hot topics, key tasks, and difficult tasks of basic research. The top 3 national funds that supported the highest number of papers published in China’s STM journals in 2018 are: National Natural Science Foundation of China (174 418 papers), National Key Research & Development Project (23 344 papers), and National Science & Technology Support Program (7335 papers). For the number and the percentage of funded papers in each discipline published by China’s STM journals in 2018, please see table 2.31. There are 11 disciplines with the percentage of funded papers higher than 50%. They are focused in the basic research fields: “mechanics” (67.79%), “physics” (64.98%), “mathematics” (64.91%), “materials science” (63.79%), “biology” (63.45%), “basic medicine” (60.88%), “marine science” (60.29%), “system science” (57.20%), “natural geography” (55.74%), “chemistry” (54.70%), and “geophysics” (53.07%).

Serial no. 1 2 3

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Nursing Civil engineering Automation technology, computer technology Internal medicine Transportation engineering Traditional Chinese medicine & pharmacology Surgery Oncology Electrical engineering Environmental science & technology Obstetrics, gynecology, and pediatrics Radio electronics, telecom technology Chemical engineering Preventive medicine & health Clinical medicine general Animal husbandry & veterinary medicine Neurology & psychiatry Metallography & metalwork Agronomy

No. of papers in discipline

Higher ed Inst

97 176 93 878 92 213

No. of papers 6147 35 751 62 121

89 426 84 625 73 312 64 57 54 45

Medical Inst

6.33 38.08 67.37

No. of papers 91 214 334 2273

10 602 26 742 29 874

11.86 31.60 40.75

5030 7730 22 001 21 683

45 825

%

Research Inst

93.86 0.36 2.46

No. of papers 194 11 159 7742

81 344 41 49 209

90.96 0.05 67.12

7.83 13.36 40.67 47.26

61 542 54 077 58 402

2742

5.98

39 942

21 113

39 223 37 416

%

Enterprises

0.20 11.89 8.40

No. of papers 108 24 556 9657

1364 8813 3917

1.53 10.41 5.34

95.84 93.50 0.11 0.88

389 710 6695 8769

43 605

95.16

52.86

190

19 999 8048

50.99 21.51

36 578 33 427

3598 10 544

28 506 27 081 24 186

210 839 099 883

%

%

Others

0.11 26.16 10.47

No. of papers 1584 8534 11 147

% 1.63 9.09 12.09

231 33 294 1282

0.26 39.34 1.75

1329 9311 2572

1.49 11.00 3.51

0.61 1.23 12.38 19.11

71 111 24 463 6512

0.11 0.19 45.22 14.19

431 568 4635 8905

0.67 0.98 8.57 19.41

317

0.69

33

0.07

546

1.19

0.48

6392

16.00

7392

18.51

5145

12.88

391 23 915

1.00 63.92

5294 1843

13.50 4.93

11 011 433

28.07 1.16

2119 1881

5.40 5.03

9.84 31.54

34 018 1749

93.00 5.23

642 4830

1.76 14.45

140 1739

0.38 5.20

550 11 585

1.50 34.66

4240 15 547

14.87 57.41

25 684 31

90.10 0.11

463 3541

1.62 13.08

49 8705

0.17 32.14

364 1510

1.28 5.58

8810

36.43

123

0.51

8460

34.98

1470

6.08

7617

31.49

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

4 5 6

Discipline

114

TAB. 2.29 – Distribution by publishing institutions for papers in each discipline published by China’s STM journals in 2018.

Serial no. 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39

Discipline

Higher ed Inst

23 700

No. of papers 7386

22 22 22 21 20 18

Medical Inst

31.16

No. of papers 12

5863 15 429 13 558 6711 8295 4317

25.81 67.95 60.94 30.52 41.38 23.24

17 958

7476

17 678 14 241 14 179

%

Research Inst

0.05

No. of papers 1967

5 1102 516 57 4 4

0.02 4.85 2.32 0.26 0.02 0.02

41.63

246

9469 4421 6513

53.56 31.04 45.93

13 758 13 381

4385 1414

13 136 12 751 10 650 10 422 9481 8674 8145

4113 9440 10 039 8930 1419 4349 1179

715 706 248 989 045 578

%

%

Enterprises

8.30

No. of papers 12 888

2398 3807 3985 6164 6026 4493

10.56 16.77 17.91 28.03 30.06 24.18

1.37

741

284 8786 8

1.61 61.70 0.06

31.87 10.57

178 12 109

31.31 74.03 94.26 85.68 14.97 50.14 14.48

241 535 32 124 8296 6 6913

%

Others

54.38

No. of papers 1621

% 6.84

15 882 1983 1976 612 4880 4011

69.92 8.73 8.88 2.78 24.35 21.59

702 2957 3218 6552 7022 5184

3.09 13.02 14.46 29.80 35.03 27.90

4.13

1658

9.23

1342

7.47

2456 1225 4975

13.89 8.60 35.09

3627 609 2092

20.52 4.28 14.75

1653 970 1564

9.35 6.81 11.03

1.29 90.49

3551 155

25.81 1.16

417 22

3.03 0.16

5419 157

39.39 1.17

1.83 4.20 0.30 1.19 87.50 0.07 84.87

3683 3549 325 1672 72 2483 162

28.04 27.83 3.05 16.04 0.76 28.63 1.99

483 218 100 778 23 513 138

3.68 1.71 0.94 7.46 0.24 5.91 1.69

5069 1579 595 457 169 2524 397

38.59 12.38 5.59 4.38 1.78 29.10 4.87

115

Mining engineering & technology Oil & gas industry Chemistry Food science & technology Horticulture Geoscience Water conservancy engineering Light industry (excl textile & food) Mechanical engineering Pharmacology Aeronautical and astronautical science & technology Forestry Otorhinolaryngology & ophthalmology Plant protection Biology Mathematics Materials science Stomatology Agricultural basic science Military medicine & special medicine

No. of papers in discipline

Analysis of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

TAB. 2.29 – (continued).

Serial no. 40 41 42

45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58

Basic medicine Agricultural engineering Geomatics science & technology Atmospheric science Engineering & technology science basics Aquaculture Metallurgic engineering & technology Energy & power engineering Physics Dermatology & venereology Geophysics Textile science & technology Marine science Weapon industry & military technology Safety science & technology Mechanics Nuclear science & technology Health services administration Astronomy

No. of papers in discipline

Higher ed Inst

8123 7780 7508

No. of papers 4585 2761 3265

6933 6283

%

Medical Inst

56.44 35.49 43.49

No. of papers 3818 7 4

2359 4066

34.03 64.71

5857 5765

2778 1987

5714

%

Research Inst

47.00 0.09 0.05

No. of papers 1048 1271 2040

1 31

0.01 0.49

47.43 34.47

37 7

3422

59.89

5711 4995 4656 3913

4922 459 1816 2347

3422 2714

%

Enterprises

12.90 16.34 27.17

No. of papers 158 445 741

1465 802

21.13 12.76

0.63 0.12

1924 499

8

0.14

86.18 9.19 39.00 59.98

32 4539 1 4

2126 1622

62.13 59.76

2445 2142 1732

421 1933 830

1466 1021

%

Others

1.95 5.72 9.87

No. of papers 370 2346 2254

% 4.55 30.15 30.02

105 684

1.51 10.89

4525 410

65.27 6.53

32.85 8.66

339 3233

5.79 56.08

1572 149

26.84 2.58

887

15.52

1587

27.77

306

5.36

0.56 90.87 0.02 0.10

1126 174 1507 255

19.72 3.48 32.37 6.52

112 12 217 641

1.96 0.24 4.66 16.38

284 64 2409 497

4.97 1.28 51.74 12.70

4 1

0.12 0.04

1176 926

34.37 34.12

407 262

11.89 9.65

780 380

22.79 14.00

17.22 90.24 47.92

10 10 9

0.41 0.47 0.52

173 312 1044

7.08 14.57 60.28

274 92 244

11.21 4.30 14.09

228 96 121

9.33 4.48 6.99

701

47.82

769

52.46

49

3.34

11

0.75

99

6.75

593

58.08

1

0.10

423

41.43

17

1.67

68

6.66

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43 44

Discipline

116

TAB. 2.29 – (continued).

Serial no. 59 60

Discipline

Natural geography System science Total

No. of papers in discipline 592 271 1 470 323

Higher ed Inst

Medical Inst

Research Inst

Enterprises

Others

No. of % No. of % No. of % No. of % No. of % papers papers papers papers papers 360 60.81 0 0.00 187 31.59 13 2.20 126 21.28 238 87.82 1 0.37 34 12.55 5 1.85 14 5.17 500 619 34.05 518 952 35.30 152 745 10.39 193 766 13.18 146 582 9.97

Note: The list is ordered by the number of papers of each discipline. Data source is CNKI. The column “%” refers to the percentage of papers published by the type of institution against the total number of papers of this discipline. The statistics are based on the types of institutions of all publishing institutions. Hence there is overlap in the type of institutions and disciplines, which means a paper may be listed in multiple types of institutions.

Analysis of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

TAB. 2.29 – (continued).

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118

TAB. 2.30 – Top 10 Publishing institutions ranked by number of papers, published in China’s STM journals in 2018. Type of institution Higher education institution

Medical institution

Ranking

Institution name

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1

University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Tongji University Tsinghua University Sichuan University Shanghai Jiaotong University Wuhan University Zhejiang University Central South University Peking University Tianjin University The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chinese PLA General Hospital Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University CAMS & PUMC Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of HUST The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University State GRID Corporation of China China National Petroleum Corporation Sinopec Group China Railway Construction Corporation Ltd. China Communications Construction Company China National Offshore Oil Corporation China Electronics Technology Group Corporation China Railway Engineering Group Limited China Southern Power Grid Company Ltd. China State Railway Group Co., Ltd. Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Enterprise

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Research institution

8 9 10 1 2 3

No. of papers 7327 4609 4332 4206 4173 4144 4137 3808 3603 3470 2363 2299 2092 1630 1612 1592 1565 1554 1470 1321 14 824 11 854 4442 4064 3416 3276 3168 2654 2466 2364 19 861 4207 1704

Analysis of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

119

TAB. 2.30 – (continued). Type of institution

Ranking

Institution name

4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Chinese Academy of Forestry Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences China Academy of Engineering Physics China Electric Power Research Institute China Academy of Railway Sciences

No. of papers 1310 1277 1140 1131 1061 974 830

Note: The list is ordered by the number of papers published by each type of institution. Data source is CNKI. Statistics in this list have merged data for enterprises and research institutions. It means the category “enterprises” includes the subsidiary companies and branches, and the category of “research institution” includes the branches and subsidiary institutes in different regions. Papers published by the hospitals affiliated to higher education institution are counted separately. It means that the papers published by higher education institution affiliated hospitals are not included in the paper data of higher education institutions.

2.3.5

Academic Influence of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

In this part, based on data on papers published by the 5369 China’s STM journals indexed by CNKI during 2009–2018, analysis of the academic influence of China’s STM journals is done on the accumulative citations after the publication of papers. The statistical source of citations includes journal papers, postgraduate theses, and papers from conferences held domestically. The data came from CNKI’s Chinese Academic Journal (online edition) Database, Chinese Doctoral Dissertations Full-text Database, China Master’s Theses Full-text Database, and China Proceedings of Conference Full-text Database. The accumulative citations came from Chinese Science Citation Database. The deadline for the above statistics was May 5th, 2020.

2.3.5.1

Times Cited of Papers

Cites to journal papers reflect, to some extent, the degree of recognition from the academic community. It can represent the journal/paper’s academic influence. The 5369 STM journals indexed by CNKI published a total of 15.974 million papers during 2009–2018. The accumulative times cited were 60.414 million, with 3.78 cites per paper on average. Among the 60 disciplines, there are 18 disciplines that rank top 10 with the highest total cites, or cites per paper (see table 2.32). The top 3 disciplines by total cites are: “traditional Chinese medicine & pharmacology” (4.297 million times), “automation technology, computer technology” (4.28 million times), and “internal medicine” (3.605 million times). The top 3 disciplines with the highest cited times per paper are: “natural

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TAB. 2.31 – Number & percentage of funded papers published in Top 20 disciplines, by China’s STM journals in 2018. Serial no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Discipline Mechanics Physics Mathematics Materials science Biology Basic medicine Marine science System science Natural geography Chemistry Geophysics Astronomy Aquaculture Agricultural basic science Food science & technology Agronomy Atmospheric science Nuclear science & technology Geology Energy & power engineering

No. of papers (A) 2142 5711 10 650 10 422 12 751 8123 3422 271 592 22 706 4656 1021 5857 8674

No. of funded papers (B) 1452 3711 6913 6648 8091 4945 2063 155 330 12 421 2471 508 2839 4194

% (B/ A × 100%) 67.79 64.98 64.91 63.79 63.45 60.88 60.29 57.20 55.74 54.70 53.07 49.76 48.47 48.35

22 248

10 383

46.67

24 186 6933 1732

10 805 3028 753

44.67 43.68 43.48

20 045 5714

8544 2357

42.62 41.25

Note: Funds are at or above provincial and ministerial levels. The list is ordered by the percentage of funded papers in each discipline. Data source is CNKI.

geography” (9.13 times), “system science” (8.60 times), and “agricultural basic science” (7.98 times). Table 2.33 presents the distribution of citations by sources. One can see that the percentage of citations from journal papers is the highest, with a total of 39.75 million times cited, accounting for 65.80%. The second highest is master’s theses (17.47 million times cited, accounting for 28.92%). Doctoral dissertations and conference papers have the lowest percentage of citations, accounting for 3.85% and 1.44%, respectively. From the above data, one can tell that China’s STM journals provided important support to academic exchanges and science and research activities, as well as good support to the cultivation of higher education talents.

Analysis of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

121

TAB. 2.32 – Top 10 disciplines ranked by total cites and Top 10 disciplines ranked by cites per paper, of papers published by China’s STM journals during 2009–2018. Serial no. 1

2

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

4 296 540

Ranking by total cites 1

Cites per paper 5.97

Ranking by cites per paper 7

941 313

4 279 992

2

4.55

18

837 789 638 763 503 380

3 3 2 2 2 2

374 540 181 105 642 163

3 4 5 6 7 8

4.30 3.89 4.03 3.22 4.67 6.17

22 32 29 49 16 6

547 077 671 446

2 231 576 2 027 204

9 10

4.08 3.02

25 53

187 911 174 830

1 345 508 988 575

15 20

7.16 5.65

5 9

139 583 80 898

747 034 645 235

25 27

5.35 7.98

10 3

61 499 43 609 5786 4815

443 061 248 176 52 825 41 397

36 45 57 59

7.20 5.69 9.13 8.60

4 8 1 2

Discipline

No. of papers

Total cites

Traditional Chinese medicine & pharmacology Automation technology, computer technology Internal medicine Nursing Surgery Civil engineering Electrical engineering Environmental science & technology Oncology Transportation engineering Geology Food science & technology Biology Agricultural basic science Atmospheric science Geophysics Natural geography System science

719 122

645 002 856 226 805 149

605 070 573 461 352 344

Note: The list is ordered by the total cites. The data source is CNKI. The total cites refer to the accumulative times cited by journal papers, graduate theses, and conference papers since the publication of the papers, up till May 5th, 2020.

2.3.5.2

Analysis of Highly Cited Papers

Based on data of accumulative times cited of papers published by China’s STM journals during 2009–2018, there are 171 711 highly cited papers (papers ranking top 1% of each discipline by total cites each year). For the top 20 institutions that published the highest number of highly cited papers, please see table 2.34. It shows that higher education institutions are the major output entities of highly cited papers.

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TAB. 2.33 – Citations by different types of documents to papers published by China’s STM journals during 2009–2018. Cited by Journal papers Master’s theses Doctoral dissertations Conference papers Total

Times cited 39 749 934 17 470 357 2 324 927 869 007 60 414 225

% of total 65.80 28.92 3.85 1.44 100.00

Note: The list is ordered by the number of cited times by each type of literature. The data source is CNKI.

TAB. 2.34 – Top 20 institutions ranked by number of highly cited papers during 2009–2018. Serial no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Institution name Chinese Academy of Sciences Tsinghua University Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Peking University Tongji University Zhejiang University University of Chinese Academy of Sciences State Grid Corporation of China China Agricultural University Chongqing University Wuhan University Northwest A&F University Central South University Huazhong University of Science & Technology Shanghai Jiaotong University South China University of Technology North China Electric Power University Southeast University China University of Mining & Technology Tianjin University

No. of highly cited papers 7715 2583 2090 1899 1858 1827 1650 1462 1445 1366 1320 1259 1253 1242 1235 1176 1107 1087 1082 1071

Note: The list is ordered by the number of highly cited papers published by the institutions. The data source is CNKI.

Impact Factor Annual Report 2019 Edition reported the citation impact (CI) of 3900 STM journals, and categorized the journals into 4 groups by CI. The top 25% of journals with the highest CI are called Q1 journals, and then Q2, Q3, and Q4 journals. Table 2.35 lists the number of journals in each quarter and number of highly cited papers, with their citation information. It shows that 72.59% of the highly cited papers were published in Q1 journals, and the average number of highly cited papers per journal in

Analysis of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

123

TAB. 2.35 – Statistics of highly cited papers published by journals in each tier, based on Impact Factor Annual Report 2019 Edition. Tier

No. of journal

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Total

977 977 960 986 3900

No. of highly cited paper 111 547 23 567 10 498 8045 153 657

Total cites of highly cited papers

%

No. of highly cited papers per journal

Cites per paper of highly cited papers

6 141 199 1 129 256 469 290 312 731 8 052 476

72.59 15.34 6.83 5.24 100.00

114.17 24.12 10.94 8.16 39.40

55.05 47.92 44.70 38.87 52.41

Note: The list is ordered by tier. The data source is CNKI. The “%” here refers to the percentage of the highly cited papers of journals in a tier against the highly cited papers of all journals.

Q1 is 114, with average cites per paper being 55.05. The numbers are all higher than those of journals in other 3 tiers.

2.3.6

Social Service Capability of Papers Published by China’s Technical Journals

Papers published by technical journals focus primarily on the research results in technology research, technology development, engineering research, and engineering design. The technical journals in China mentioned in this part refer to the 2200 journals coded by CN numbers with Chinese Library Classification code as T, U, V, X (codes for engineering technology journals) within the 4958 STM journals.

2.3.6.1

Analysis of Publishing Institutions of Papers Published in Technical Journals in 2018

In 2018, the technical journals in China published a total of 620 922 papers, with 282 papers per journal. The number is lower than the number per journal (306 papers) of all China’s STM journals. The publishing institutions include higher education institutions (45.60%), enterprises (27.08%), research institutes (13.47%), and other institutions (12.23%) such as public organization, colleges/vocational schools, middle/high schools, elementary schools and kindergartens, etc. (see figure 2.12). Compared with the distribution by publishing institutions of papers published by China’s STM journals in 2018, the percentage of papers published by enterprises increased to a great extent, from 12.27% to 27.08%. It shows that technical journals served well as the tool for publication and popularization of the application-oriented achievements. For the top 20 enterprises with the most number of papers published in technical journals in 2018, please see table 2.36.

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Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

Medical institutions 1.62%

Others 12.23%

Research institutions 13.47%

Higher-education institutions 45.60%

Enterprises 27.08%

FIG. 2.12 – Distribution by type of institutions – papers published by China’s technical journals in 2018.

2.3.6.2

Times Cited of Papers Published in Technical Journals During 2009–2018

Table 2.37 lists the different indexes of technical journals and the overall STM journals, including the number of journals, the number of papers published during 2009–2018, the accumulative times cited, and the times cited per paper. During 2009–2018, the technical journals published a total of 5.513 million papers, with 20.797 million accumulative times cited. The percentage of the above numbers against their equivalent of all STM journals is 34.51% and 34.42%, respectively. The times cited per paper are 3.77, very close to that of all STM journals (3.78). The 2200 technical journals serve, from a wide range of aspects, China’s scientific research, teaching, enterprise innovations, and economic construction activities. Compared with the distribution by citation sources of all STM journals (see table 2.33), among the accumulative 20.797 million times cited of the papers published by technical journals during 2009–2018 (see table 2.38), the cites from journal papers account for 56.28%, lower than the 65.80% in table 2.33. The cites from master’s theses account for 36.97%, much higher than the 28.92% in table 2.33. The cites from doctoral dissertations account for 4.60%, also much higher than the 3.85% in table 2.33. The cites from conference papers account for 2.15%, much higher than the 1.44% in table 2.33. This shows that technical journals play a more important role in higher level education. In the aspect of cites from journal papers, the analysis on citing institutions shows that, the percentage of cites by higher education institutions, enterprises, research institutes, other institutions, and medical institutions to all technical journals, is 55.25%, 21.31%, 13.29%, 8.77%, and 1.38%, respectively (see figure 2.13). Compared with the overall STM journals (see figure 2.13), the percentage of cites by enterprises increased greatly, from 8.43% to 21.31%. The percentage of cites by other institutions also increased from 7.75% to

Analysis of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

125

TAB. 2.36 – Top 20 enterprises with the highest number of papers published in China’s technical journals in 2018. Serial no. 1 2 3

4

5 6

7

8

9 10

Institution name

No. of papers 12 276

Serial no. 11

9205

12

3746

13

China Railway Construction Corporation Limited China Communications Construction Company China Electronics Technology Group Corporation China National Offshore Oil Corporation

3188

14

2920

15

2767

16

2548

17

China Railway Engineering Group Limited China Southern Power Grid Company Limited China Coal Technology Engineering Group

2152

18

2135 2072

State Grid Corporation of China China National Petroleum Corporation Sinopec Group

Institution name China State Railway Group Co., Ltd. CRRC Corporation Limited

No. of papers 2031 1817

China State Construction Engineering Group Co., Ltd. China Ship Building Industry Group Co., Ltd.

1705

Datong Coal Mine Group Co., Ltd. China Mobile Communications Group Co. Ltd. Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Group Corp. Ltd. China North Industries Group Corporation. Ltd.

1095

19

HBIS Group Co. Ltd.

545

20

Shougang Group

475

1219

854

596

562

Note: The list is ordered by the number of papers published by enterprises in technical journals. The data source is CNKI.

8.77%. This shows that technical journals support enterprises and medium/small scale institutions on the scientific innovations.

2.3.6.3

Downloads of Papers Published in Technical Journals

Based on data on full-text downloads from www.cnki.net, up until May 5th 2020, there were 786 million accumulative downloads of the papers published by China’s technical journals during 2009–2018, accounting for 39.59% of all downloads of China’s STM journals (1.986 billion). The percentage is higher than the percentage of paper volume by technical journals against all STM journals (34.51%). The percentage of downloads of technical journals is higher than that of other journals, which indicates that technical journals are more widely used in terms of knowledge dissemination and technical applications.

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126

TAB. 2.37 – Comparisons of number of papers published & citations to technical journals and all STM journals during 2009–2018. Item No. of journal No. of paper Total cited times Times cited per paper

Technical journals (A) 2200 5 512 772 20 796 693 3.77

% (A/B × 100%) 40.98 34.51 34.42 –

All STM journals (B) 5369 15 973 823 60 414 225 3.78

Note: The data source is CNKI. The accumulative times cited were counted up until May 5th, 2020.

TAB. 2.38 – Cites by different types of documents to papers in China’s technical journals during 2009–2018. Cited by Journal papers Master’s theses Doctoral dissertations Conference papers Total

Times cited 11 704 615 7 689 036 955 919 447 123 20 796 693

% 56.28 36.97 4.60 2.15 100.00

Note: The list is ordered by the cited times of each type of literature. The data source is CNKI.

Medical institutions 1.38%

Others 7.75% Enterprises 8.43%

Others 8.77% Research institutions 13.29%

Enterprises 21.31%

Higher-education institutions 55.25%

Research institutions 10.05%

Higher-education institutions 37.34%

Medical institutions 36.43%

FIG. 2.13 – Comparison of the distribution of citations by different institutions to technical and all STM journals in 2018. (a) % of cites by different institutions to technical journal papers in 2018. (b) % of cites by different institutions to all STM journal papers in 2018.

Analysis of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

127

In terms of the downloading institutions, the papers published by technical journals during 2009–2018 had 59.551 million downloads, 2.606 million downloads, 2.463 million downloads, 84 000 downloads, 5.823 million downloads in 2018, respectively, by higher education institutions, research institutes, enterprises, medical institutions, and other institutions. The number of downloads, respectively, accounts for 84.33%, 3.69%, 3.49%, 0.12%, and 8.25% of the total. When ranking the papers published by China’s STM journals, we list the accumulative downloads of each discipline from highest to lowest, then the papers with the top 1% downloads in each discipline are called “highly dowloaded papers”. In general, highly downloaded papers reflect the topics of the frontiers of a discipline, the research hot topics and the spotlight of the academic community. The number of highly downloaded papers of a journal is closely related to the journal’s operational ability and paper organizing ability. During 2016–2018, technical journals published 18 187 highly downloaded papers, accounting for 35.47% of all highly downloaded papers of STM journals. Table 2.39 lists the top 3 technical journals with the highest number of highly downloaded papers of each discipline in engineering and technology fields.

Discipline

Engineering general

Journal name

1 2

Shandong Industrial Technology New Technology & New Products of China Science Technology & Engineering Packaging Engineering Journal of Vibration & Shock Industrial Design Materials Review New Chemical Materials Materials China Journal of China Coal Society Journal of China University of Mining & Technology Coal Science & Technology Petroleum Exploration & Development Natural Gas Industry Acta Petrolei Sinica World Nonferrous Metals Acta Metallurgica Sinica Chinese Journal of Rare Metals Hot Working Technology Surface Technology Materials China Journal of Mechanical Engineering Automobile Applied Technology

Mining engineering & technology

3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2

Oil & gas industry

3 1

Engineering & technology science basics Materials science

Metallurgical engineering technology Metallography & metalwork Mechanical engineering

2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2

No. of highly downloaded papers (A) 89 30

Total no. of highly downloaded papers for the discipline (B) 899 899

% (A/B × 100%)

25 164 28 23 131 63 58 224 90

899 416 416 416 400 400 400 628 628

2.78 39.42 6.73 5.53 32.75 15.75 14.50 35.67 14.33

65 122

628 697

10.35 17.50

78 47 54 35 21 68 65 58 149 61

697 697 347 347 347 632 632 632 817 817

11.19 6.74 15.56 10.09 6.05 10.76 10.28 9.18 18.24 7.47

9.90 3.34

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Serial no.

128

TAB. 2.39 – Top 3 journals ranked by number of highly downloaded papers in each discipline, published by technical journals during 2016–2018.

Discipline

Journal name

3

Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument Aerodynamic Missile Journal Tactical Missile Technology Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering Energy Storage Science & Technology Internal Combustion Engine & Parts Low Carbon World China Nuclear Power Journal of Isotopes Nuclear Power Engineering Proceedings of the CSEE Power System Technology Automation of Electric Power Systems Electronics World Telecom World Chinese Journal of Lasers Electronic Technology & Software Engineering Chinese Journal of Computers Computer Knowledge & Technology Chemical Industry & Engineering Progress

Weapon industry & military technology

1 2 3

Energy & power engineering

1 2

Nuclear science & technology Electrical engineering

Radioeclectronics, telecommunications technology Automation technology, computer technology

3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3

Chemical engineering

1

No. of highly downloaded papers (A) 41

Total no. of highly downloaded papers for the discipline (B) 817

% (A/B × 100%)

71 19 17

195 195 195

36.41 9.74 8.72

96

282

34.04

44

282

15.60

35 5 4 3 369 216 215

282 30 30 30 1595 1595 1595

12.41 16.67 13.33 10.00 23.13 13.54 13.48

98 84 61 198

1618 1618 1618 3013

6.06 5.19 3.77 6.57

109 105

3013 3013

3.62 3.48

118

1473

8.01

5.02

129

Serial no.

Analysis of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

TAB. 2.39 – (continued).

Discipline

Journal name

Textile science & technology

2 3 1 2

Food science & technology

3 1 2

Light industry (excl textile & food)

3 1 2

Guangdong Chemical Industry Modern Chemical Research Journal of Textile Research Journal of Textile Science & Engineering China Textile Leader Food Science Science & Technology of Food Industry Modern Food West Leather Light Industry Science & Technology Journal of Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication Chinese Landscape Architecture City Planning Review Planners Journal of Hydraulic Engineering China Water Resources Water Resources Protection China Journal of Highway & Transport Journal of Transportation System Engineering & Information Technology Urban Transport of China

3 Civil engineering

Water conservancy engineering Transportation engineering

1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2

3

No. of highly downloaded papers (A) 79 75 39 35

Total no. of highly downloaded papers for the discipline (B) 1473 1473 229 229

% (A/B × 100%)

25 129 93

229 827 827

10.92 15.60 11.25

53 103 50

827 295 295

6.41 34.92 16.95

17

295

5.76

319 231 201 63 18 18 94

2584 2584 2584 282 282 282 950

12.35 8.94 7.78 22.34 6.38 6.38 9.89

43

950

4.53

42

950

4.42

5.36 5.09 17.03 15.28

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Serial no.

130

TAB. 2.39 – (continued).

Discipline

Aeronautical and astronautical science & technology

Serial no.

Journal name

1

Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica Journal of Aeronautical Materials Environmental Protection Environmental Science Resources & Environment in the Yangtze Basin China Safety Science Journal Journal of Safety Science & Technology Safety & Environmental Engineering

2

Environmental science & technology

3 1 2 3

Safety science & technology

1 2 3

No. of highly downloaded papers (A) 54

Total no. of highly downloaded papers for the discipline (B) 290

% (A/B × 100%)

29

290

10.00

18 126 68 51

290 1086 1086 1086

6.21 11.60 6.26 4.70

45 42

152 152

29.61 27.63

8

152

5.26

Note: The list is ordered by the number of highly downloaded papers published by journals in each discipline. The data source is CNKI.

18.62

Analysis of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

TAB. 2.39 – (continued).

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Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

132

Appendix TAB. B.1 – Number & citation impact of papers published by CAS in China’s SCI Indexed Journals during 2010–2019. Serial no. 1 2 3 4 5 6

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35

Journal name (English)

Journal name (Chinese)

Language

Total cites 1659

CNCI

ENG

No. of papers 182

Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica Acta Chimica Sinica Acta Geologica Sinica-English Edition Acta Mathematica Scientia Acta Mathematica Sinica-English Series Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica-English Series Acta Mechanica Sinica Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica Acta Metallurgica Sinica Acta Metallurgica Sinica-English Letters Acta Oceanologica Sinica Acta Petrologica Sinica Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B Acta Pharmacologica Sinica Acta Physica Sinica Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica Acta Polymerica Sinica Advances in Atmospheric Sciences Advances in Climate Change Research Advances in Manufacturing Algebra Colloquium Animal Nutrition Applied Geophysics Applied Mathematics and Mechanics-English Edition Applied Mathematics-A Journal of Chinese Universities Series B Asian Herpetological Research Asian Journal of Andrology Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Avian Research Bio-Design and Manufacturing Biomedical and Environmental Sciences Bone Research Building Simulation Cancer Biology & Medicine Cell Research

生物化学与生物物理学报 化学学报 地质学报 (英文版)

CHI ENG

418 264

2648 1689

0.37 0.36

数学物理学报 (英文版) 数学学报 (英文版)

ENG ENG

132 100

416 186

0.46 0.38

应用数学学报 (英文版)

ENG

116

229

0.31

力学学报 固体力学学报 (英文版) 金属学报 金属学报 (英文版)

ENG ENG CHI ENG

158 34 475 202

814 179 1668 835

0.42 0.36 0.19 0.36

海洋学报 (英文版) 岩石学报 药学学报 (英文) 中国药理学报 (英文版) 物理学报 物理化学学报 高分子学报 大气科学进展

ENG CHI ENG ENG CHI CHI CHI ENG

369 812 44 319 2227 608 386 736

1261 6825 498 4662 5260 2541 1455 7184

0.27 0.48 1.84 1.00 0.17 0.25 0.32 0.61

气候变化研究进展 (英文版) 先进制造进展 (英文) 代数集刊 动物营养 (英文) 应用地球物理 (英文版) 应用数学和力学 (英文版)

ENG

22

119

1.21

ENG ENG ENG ENG ENG

2 27 8 53 82

23 57 16 153 225

0.82 0.30 0.26 0.21 0.26

高校应用数学学报B辑 (英文版)

ENG

12

7

0.14

亚洲两栖爬行动物研究 (英文版) 亚洲男科学杂志 (英文版) 亚洲药物制剂科学 (英文)

ENG

108

451

0.47

ENG ENG

10 7

84 129

0.61 1.15

鸟类学研究 (英文) 生物设计与制造 (英文)

ENG ENG

28 2

74 16

0.68 0.56

生物医学与环境科学

ENG

34

219

0.38

骨研究 (英文) 建筑模拟 (英文) 癌症生物学与医学 (英文) 细胞研究

ENG ENG ENG ENG

3 8 10 316

54 50 79 13 693

2.17 0.48 0.84 2.13

0.45

Analysis of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

133

TAB. B.1 – (continued). Serial no. 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69

Journal name (English)

Journal name (Chinese)

Language

Total cites 2025

CNCI

ENG

No. of papers 81

Cellular & Molecular Immunology Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities-Chinese Chemical Research in Chinese Universities China & World Economy China Communications China Foundry China Ocean Engineering China Petroleum Processing & Petrochemical Technology Chinese Annals of Mathematics Series B Chinese Chemical Letters Chinese Geographical Science Chinese Journal of Aeronautics Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry Chinese Journal of Cancer Chinese Journal of Cancer Research Chinese Journal of Catalysis Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics Chinese Journal of Chemistry Chinese Journal of Electronics Chinese Journal of Geophysics-Chinese Edition Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry Chinese Journal of Polymer Science Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry Chinese Medical Journal Chinese Optics Letters Chinese Physics B Chinese Physics C Chinese Physics Letters Communications in Theoretical Physics

中国免疫学杂志 (英文版) 高等学校化学学报

CHI

531

1443

0.14

高等学校化学研究 (英文版) 中国与世界经济 中国通信 (英文版) 铸造 (英文版) 中国海洋工程 (英文版) 中国炼油与石油化工

ENG

208

689

0.19

ENG ENG ENG ENG ENG

17 164 9 36 12

141 551 8 99 11

1.24 0.31 0.06 0.22 0.05

数学年鉴B辑

ENG

32

122

0.50

中国化学快报 (英文版) 中国地理科学 (英文版) 中国航空学报 (英文版)

ENG ENG ENG

539 410 46

3680 2713 198

0.62 0.47 0.41

分析化学

CHI

506

1610

0.17

癌症 中国癌症研究 (英文版)

ENG ENG

10 10

287 56

1.13 0.82

催化学报 中国化学工程学报 (英文版) 化学物理学报 (英文版)

ENG ENG

593 153

6268 1012

0.72 0.45

ENG

610

1912

0.25

中国化学

ENG

611

4243

0.59

电子学报 (英文)

ENG

220

347

0.15

地球物理学报

CHI

1285

5123

0.25

无机化学学报

CHI

177

421

0.11

中国结合医学杂志

ENG

9

31

0.28

中国机械工程学报

ENG

29

126

0.30

中国天然药物

ENG

81

430

0.53

有机化学

CHI

327

1354

0.22

高分子科学 (英文版)

ENG

324

2448

0.55

结构化学

ENG

374

591

0.10

中华医学杂志 (英文版) 中国光学快报 中国物理B 中国物理C 中国物理快报 (英文版) 理论物理

ENG ENG ENG ENG ENG ENG

72 751 2436 1175 1671 364

514 4038 9759 12 470 6825 2147

0.41 0.45 0.30 0.58 0.31 0.39

1.40

134

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020) TAB. B.1 – (continued).

Serial no. 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105

Journal name (English)

Journal name (Chinese)

Language

Total cites 97 197

CNCI

ENG ENG

No. of papers 20 33

Crop Journal Csee Journal of Power and Energy Systems Current Medical Science Current Zoology Defence Technology Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Ecosystem Health and Sustainability Engineering Eye and Vision Forest Ecosystems Friction Frontiers in Energy Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering Frontiers of Computer Science Frontiers of Earth Science Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering Frontiers of Materials Science Frontiers of Mathematics in China Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering Frontiers of Medicine Frontiers of Physics Fungal Diversity Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics Geoscience Frontiers Green Energy & Environment Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International High Power Laser Science and Engineering Horticultural Plant Journal Horticulture Research Ieee-Caa Journal of Automatica Sinica Infectious Diseases of Poverty Insect Science Integrative Zoology International Journal of Disaster Risk Science International Journal of Minerals Metallurgy and Materials

作物学报 (英文版) 中国电机工程学会电力与能源 系统学报 (英文) 当代医学科学 动物学报 防务技术 (英文) 地震工程与工程振动 (英文刊) 生态系统健康与可持续性 (英文) 工程 (英文) 眼视光学杂志 (英文版) 森林生态系统 (英文) 摩擦 (英文) 能源前沿 (英文) 化学科学与工程前沿 (英文) 计算机科学前沿 (英文)

ENG ENG ENG ENG

6 49 4 7

22 588 7 29

0.25 1.18 0.70 0.36

ENG

16

37

0.25

ENG ENG ENG ENG ENG ENG

29 2 6 21 28 27

305 1 7 171 101 144

0.70 0.41 0.65 0.78 0.39 0.49

ENG

117

535

0.31

地球科学前沿 (英文) 环境科学与工程前沿 (英文) 信息与电子工程前沿 (英文)

ENG ENG

127 133

780 976

0.45 0.54

ENG

50

177

0.33

材料科学前沿 (英文)

ENG

43

447

0.32

中国数学前沿 (英文版)

ENG

55

86

0.24

机械工程前沿 (英文)

ENG

5

23

0.62

医学前沿 (英文) 物理学前沿 (英文) 真菌多样性 (英文) 基因组蛋白质组与生物信 息学报 地学前缘 (英文版) 绿色能源与环境 (英文)

ENG ENG ENG ENG

48 175 118 45

270 1429 8396 1364

0.65 0.60 8.63 1.22

ENG ENG

42 31

527 284

1.26 1.07

国际肝胆胰疾病杂志 (英文) 高功率激光科学与工程

ENG

6

56

0.52

ENG

94

472

0.72

园艺学报 (英文) 园艺研究 (英文) 自动化学报 (英文版)

ENG ENG ENG

5 16 42

14 72 387

0.71 1.59 1.33

贫困所致传染病 (英文)

ENG

13

93

0.56

昆虫科学 (英文) 整合动物学 (英文) 国际灾害风险科学学报 (英文版) 矿物冶金与材料学报

ENG ENG ENG

80 74 14

740 757 94

1.17 1.08 0.79

ENG

56

278

0.26

1.45 0.76

Analysis of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

135

TAB. B.1 – (continued). Serial no. 106

107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136

Journal name (English)

Journal name (Chinese)

Language

Total cites 12

CNCI

ENG

No. of papers 2

International Journal of Mining Science and Technology International Journal of Oral Science International Journal of Sediment Research International Soil and Water Conservation Research Journal of Advanced Ceramics Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology Journal of Arid Land Journal of Bionic Engineering Journal of Central South University Journal of Computational Mathematics Journal of Computer Science and Technology Journal of Earth Science Journal of Energy Chemistry Journal of Environmental Sciences Journal of Forestry Research Journal of Genetics and Genomics Journal of Geographical Sciences Journal of Geriatric Cardiology Journal of Hydrodynamics Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves Journal of Inorganic Materials Journal of Integrative Agriculture Journal of Integrative Plant Biology Journal of Iron and Steel Research International Journal of Magnesium and Alloys Journal of Materials Science & Technology Journal of Materiomics Journal of Meteorological Research Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy Journal of Molecular Cell Biology Journal of Mountain Science

矿业科学技术学报 (英文) 国际口腔科学杂志 (英文版)

ENG

3

5

0.32

国际泥沙研究 (英文版)

ENG

29

294

0.61

国际水土保持研究 (英文)

ENG

6

54

0.50

先进陶瓷 (英文)

ENG

27

143

0.40

畜牧与生物技术杂志 (英文版) 干旱区科学 仿生工程学报

ENG

17

164

1.21

ENG ENG

358 53

2370 619

0.46 0.90

中南大学学报 (英文版)

ENG

122

506

0.21

计算数学 (英文版)

ENG

65

368

0.94

计算机科学与技术学报 (英文版) 地球科学学刊 (英文版) 能源化学 (英文) 环境科学学报 (英文版)

ENG

172

705

0.31

ENG ENG ENG

195 274 846

1250 3543 12 660

0.46 1.22 1.08

林业研究 (英文版) 遗传学报

ENG ENG

76 186

374 2982

0.90 0.53

地理学报 (英文版)

ENG

572

6944

0.89

老年心脏病学杂志

ENG

3

6

0.15

水动力学研究与进展B辑 红外与毫米波学报

ENG CHI

49 494

277 680

0.40 0.11

无机材料学报

CHI

483

1216

0.14

农业科学学报 (英文)

ENG

191

1520

0.76

植物学报 (英文版)

ENG

199

3449

1.56

钢铁研究学报 (英文版)

ENG

39

168

0.25

镁合金学报 (英文)

ENG

5

50

0.52

材料科学技术 (英文版)

ENG

571

7450

1.04

无机材料学学报 (英文) 气象学报 (英文版)

ENG ENG

26 324

143 1872

1.02 0.49

现代电力系统与清洁能 源学报 分子细胞生物学报

ENG

31

199

0.56

ENG

91

1338

0.87

山地科学学报 (英文)

ENG

501

2570

0.39

0.77

136

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020) TAB. B.1 – (continued).

Serial no. 137 138 139 140 141 142

143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151

152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170

Journal name (English)

Journal name (Chinese)

Language

Total cites 401

CNCI

ENG

No. of papers 142

Journal of Ocean University of China Journal of Oceanology and Limnology Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis Journal of Plant Ecology Journal of Rare Earths Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Journal of Sport and Health Science Journal of Systematics and Evolution Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics Journal of Systems Science & Complexity Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering Journal of Thermal Science Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine Journal of Tropical Meteorology Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Materials Science Edition Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B Light-Science & Applications Matter and Radiation at Extremes Microsystems & Nanoengineering Military Medical Research Molecular Plant Nano Research Nano-Micro Letters National Science Review Neural Regeneration Research Neuroscience Bulletin New Carbon Materials Nuclear Science and Techniques Opto-Electronic Advances Particuology Pedosphere Petroleum Exploration and Development Petroleum Science

中国海洋大学学报 (自然科学英文版) 海洋湖沼学报 (英文)

ENG

724

2900

0.25

药物分析学报 (英文)

ENG

2

3

0.59

植物生态学报 (英文版) 稀土学报 (英文版) 岩石力学与岩土工程学报 (英文版)

ENG ENG ENG

177 213 15

1551 1919 49

1.03 0.54 1.01

运动与健康科学

ENG

2

24

0.86

植物分类学报

ENG

249

2823

1.16

系统工程与电子技术 (英文版) 系统科学与复杂性 (英文版) 系统科学与系统工程学报 (英文版) 热科学学报 中医杂志 (英文版)

ENG

64

149

0.15

ENG

236

925

0.77

ENG

24

127

0.42

ENG ENG

128 6

401 21

0.32 0.25

热带气象学报 (英文版)

ENG

109

168

0.14

武汉理工大学学报-材料 科学版 (英文)

ENG

78

191

0.13

浙江大学学报 (英文版) A辑

ENG

17

115

0.43

浙江大学学报 (英文版) B辑

ENG

37

379

0.44

光: 科学与应用 极端条件下的物质与辐射

ENG ENG

59 16

3901 56

5.68 0.53

微系统与纳米工程 (英文)

ENG

8

50

1.18

军事医学研究 (英文) 分子植物 纳米研究 (英文版) 纳微快报 (英文) 国家科学评论 (英文) 中国神经再生研究 (英文版) 神经科学通报 新型炭材料 核技术 (英文版)

ENG ENG ENG ENG ENG ENG

1 200 641 40 130 36

10 6375 16 041 552 2843 133

1.55 3.98 2.63 1.42 1.74 0.33

ENG CHI ENG

97 154 598

906 918 1829

0.54 0.27 0.34

光电进展 (英文) 颗粒学报 土壤圈 (英文版) 石油勘探与开发 (英文)

ENG ENG ENG ENG

10 147 246 34

14 2061 2865 304

0.44 0.67 0.93 0.63

石油科学 (英文版)

ENG

23

122

0.32

0.26

Analysis of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

137

TAB. B.1 – (continued). Serial no. 171 172 173 174 175 176 177

178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186

Journal name (English)

Journal name (Chinese)

Language

Photonic Sensors Photonics Research Plant Diversity Plasma Science & Technology

光子传感器 (英文) 光子学研究 植物多样性 (英文) 等离子体科学和技术 (英文版) 生物化学与生物物理进展

Progress in Biochemistry and Biophysics Progress in Chemistry Progress in Natural Science-Materials International Protein & Cell Rare Metal Materials and Engineering Rare Metals Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics Rice Science Science Bulletin Science China Chemistry Science China Earth Sciences

187

Science China Information Sciences Science China Life Sciences

188

Science China Materials

189 190

Science China Mathematics Science China Physics Mechanics & Astronomy Science China Technological Sciences Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis Stroke and Vascular Neurology Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China Tsinghua Science and Technology Virologica Sinica Zoological Research

191 192 193

Total cites 12 1537 192 2244

CNCI

ENG ENG ENG ENG

No. of papers 13 122 81 573

CHI

334

485

0.08

化学进展 自然科学进展: 国际材料 (英文)

CHI ENG

365 78

1331 887

0.14 0.53

蛋白质与细胞 稀有金属材料与工程

ENG CHI

307 333

4925 416

0.78 0.06

稀有金属 (英文版) 天文和天体物理学研究

ENG ENG

92 809

382 5924

0.23 0.38

水稻科学 (英文版) 科学通报 (英文版) 中国科学: 化学 (英文版) 中国科学: 地球科学 (英文版) 中国科学: 信息科学 (英文版) 中国科学: 生命科学 (英文版) 中国科学: 材料科学 (英文) 中国科学: 数学 (英文版) 中国科学: 物理学力学天文学 (英文版) 中国科学: 技术科学

ENG ENG ENG ENG

2 1522 688 992

9 17 675 8456 11 912

0.99 0.67 0.85 0.70

ENG

375

1867

0.43

ENG

388

4744

0.66

ENG

181

2135

1.13

ENG ENG

265 842

1110 5571

0.84 0.55

ENG

422

2691

0.48

ENG

7

62

0.81

CHI

1247

1870

0.09

信号转导与靶向治疗 (英文) 光谱学与光谱分析

0.18 1.78 0.59 0.32

卒中与血管神经病学 ENG 1 0 0.00 (英文) 195 中国有色金属学报 ENG 206 2141 0.45 (英文版) 196 清华大学学报自然科学版 ENG 16 79 0.51 (英文版) 197 中国病毒学 (英文) ENG 91 423 0.59 198 动物学研究 (英文版) ENG 79 348 1.03 Total 44 928 333 598 0.56 Note: Retrieval method – search for research fields in InCite, with time period 2010–2019; using discipline categorizations of ESI; choose “mainland China” for country/region of author; choose “mainland China” for country/region of journal; exclude journals without CN numbers; and choose “article” and “review” for article type. When journals have the same name, use InCites base value. The database was updated on May 28th, 2020. The data from Web of Science were until Apr 30, 2020. Retrieval date was June 2nd, 2020. 194

Serial no.

1 2 3

4

6

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Journal name (Chinese)

Language

No. of papers

Total cites

Citation impact

% of cited papers

CNCI

% of int’l coop papers

No. of highly-cited papers

No. of hot papers

10.35

No. of papers by Chinese authors 1107

Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica Acta Chimica Sinica Acta Geologica Sinica-English Edition Acta Mathematica Scientia Acta Mathematica Sinica-English Series Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica-English Series Acta Mechanica Sinica Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica Acta Metallurgica Sinica Acta Metallurgica Sinica-English Letters Acta Oceanologica Sinica Acta Petrologica Sinica Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B Acta Pharmacologica Sinica Acta Physica Sinica Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica Acta Polymerica Sinica Advances in Atmospheric Sciences Advances in Climate Change Research

生物化学与生物物理学报

ENG

1217

12 875

10.58

90.80

0.57

1

0

化学学报 地质学报 (英文版)

CHI ENG

2259 1433

10 953 7781

4.85 5.43

85.52 79.13

0.26 0.35

2.39 19.82

2251 1229

0 0

0 0

数学物理学报 (英文版)

ENG

1470

4817

3.28

68.64

0.63

13.74

1055

7

2

数学学报 (英文版)

ENG

1568

3837

2.45

59.12

0.42

15.37

1230

1

1

应用数学学报 (英文版)

ENG

788

1421

1.80

48.98

0.38

7.87

723

3

0

力学学报

ENG

1066

6791

6.37

86.40

0.48

18.57

847

2

0

固体力学学报 (英文版)

ENG

588

4076

6.93

84.52

0.54

15.65

506

2

0

金属学报

CHI

1969

6571

3.34

79.53

0.17

4.06

1967

0

0

金属学报 (英文版)

ENG

1208

6189

5.12

86.75

0.34

12.58

924

0

0

海洋学报 (英文版)

ENG

1480

5041

3.41

78.99

0.27

15.55

1381

0

0

岩石学报

CHI

2774

25 060

9.03

86.91

0.51

6.02

2770

1

0

药学学报 (英文)

ENG

516

8489

16.45

92.83

1.65

16.86

407

26

1

中国药理学报 (英文版)

ENG

1730

26 369

15.24

96.47

1.14

17.86

1473

16

0

物理学报 物理化学学报

CHI CHI

12 770 3116

33 920 12 357

2.66 3.97

73.82 86.07

0.18 0.22

2.45 3.43

12 753 3060

1 0

0 0

高分子学报

CHI

1943

5889

3.03

78.18

0.21

2.47

1938

1

0

大气科学进展

ENG

1186

10 615

8.95

89.12

0.60

27.82

1063

4

0

气候变化研究进展 (英文版)

ENG

81

416

5.14

85.19

0.96

26.44

72

0

0

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

5

Journal name (English)

138

TAB. B.2 – 2010–2019 Number and international influence of papers published by China’s STM journals.

Serial no.

20 21 22 23 24

25

26 27 28

29 30 31

32 33 34 35 36 37

Journal name (Chinese)

Language

No. of papers

Total cites

Citation impact

% of cited papers

CNCI

% of int’l coop papers

No. of highly-cited papers

No. of hot papers

19.10

No. of papers by Chinese authors 137

Advances in Manufacturing Algebra Colloquium Animal Nutrition Applied Geophysics Applied Mathematics and Mechanics-English Edition Applied Mathematics-A Journal of Chinese Universities Series B Asian Herpetological Research Asian Journal of Andrology Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Avian Research Bio-Design and Manufacturing Biomedical and Environmental Sciences Bone Research Building Simulation Cancer Biology & Medicine Cell Research Cellular & Molecular Immunology Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities-Chinese Chemical Research in Chinese Universities

先进制造进展 (英文)

ENG

267

1432

5.36

76.40

0.52

1

0

代数集刊 动物营养 (英文) 应用地球物理 (英文版) 应用数学和力学 (英文版)

ENG ENG ENG ENG

678 180 519 1258

1181 864 1946 6588

1.74 4.80 3.75 5.24

50.44 74.44 77.46 80.29

0.29 1.03 0.24 0.47

15.34 34.44 9.06 18.28

325 63 508 872

0 6 0 2

0 2 0 0

高校应用数学学报B辑 (英文版)

ENG

405

866

2.14

53.09

0.45

9.63

373

4

0

亚洲两栖爬行动物研究 (英文版) 亚洲男性学杂志 (英文版)

ENG

310

1075

3.47

77.10

0.37

28.06

225

0

0

ENG

1149

14 494

12.61

94.34

0.72

18.45

442

2

0

亚洲药物制剂科学 (英文)

ENG

302

3256

10.78

90.40

1.21

16.23

160

11

0

鸟类学研究 (英文) 生物设计与制造 (英文)

ENG ENG

182 43

492 165

2.70 3.84

67.58 74.42

0.52 0.71

36.26 30.23

100 23

0 0

0 0

生物医学与环境科学

ENG

771

6193

8.03

88.07

0.45

13.75

708

1

0

骨研究 (英文) 建筑模拟 (英文) 癌症生物学与医学 (英文)

ENG ENG ENG

196 553 241

5771 3676 2510

29.44 6.65 10.41

94.39 84.45 78.42

1.93 0.62 0.91

37.76 25.60 14.94

94 181 134

16 1 3

0 0 0

细胞研究 中国免疫学杂志 (英文版)

ENG ENG

824 678

50 046 15 751

60.74 23.23

99.51 98.08

2.18 1.24

40.66 26.40

575 364

35 11

1 0

高等学校化学学报

CHI

4081

10 122

2.48

74.88

0.14

1.91

4079

0

0

高等学校化学研究 (英文版)

ENG

1989

6668

3.35

80.29

0.21

4.93

1946

0

0

139

38

Journal name (English)

Analysis of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

TAB. B.2 – (continued).

Serial no.

39 40 41 42

44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56

Journal name (English)

Journal name (Chinese)

Language

No. of papers

Total cites

Citation impact

% of cited papers

CNCI

% of int’l coop papers

No. of highly-cited papers

No. of hot papers

29.33

No. of papers by Chinese authors 257

China & World Economy China Communications China Foundry China Ocean Engineering China Petroleum Processing & Petrochemical Technology Chinese Annals of Mathematics Series B Chinese Chemical Letters Chinese Geographical Science Chinese Journal of Aeronautics Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry Chinese Journal of Cancer Chinese Journal of Cancer Research Chinese Journal of Catalysis Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics Chinese Journal of Chemistry Chinese Journal of Electronics Chinese Journal of Geophysics-Chinese Edition

中国与世界经济

ENG

375

1810

4.83

82.93

0.49

0

0

中国通信 (英文版)

ENG

1983

8056

4.06

74.89

0.40

11.25

1869

4

0

铸造 (英文版) 中国海洋工程 (英文版)

ENG ENG

625 694

1464 2066

2.34 2.98

68.32 71.90

0.12 0.24

7.36 13.83

532 604

0 0

0 0

中国炼油与石油化工

ENG

568

886

1.56

58.98

0.13

3.35

565

0

0

数学年鉴B辑

ENG

651

1894

2.91

55.45

0.48

17.51

462

2

0

中国化学快报 (英文版)

ENG

3728

30 859

8.28

92.33

0.65

6.95

3130

10

0

中国地理科学 (英文版)

ENG

720

4395

6.10

89.31

0.45

20.97

701

0

0

中国航空学报 (英文版)

ENG

1603

11 095

6.92

86.28

0.60

10.23

1497

2

0

分析化学

CHI

3111

9324

3.00

75.18

0.17

1.99

3106

0

0

癌症

ENG

468

7293

15.58

96.79

0.95

17.09

333

5

0

中国癌症研究 (英文版)

ENG

705

6013

8.53

82.55

0.71

8.79

605

7

0

催化学报

ENG

2373

27 905

11.76

95.15

0.83

8.18

1928

16

1

中国化学工程学报 (英文版)

ENG

2201

14 708

6.68

87.82

0.50

10.04

1771

0

0

化学物理学报 (英文版)

ENG

1163

3389

2.91

74.12

0.23

7.74

1100

0

0

中国化学

ENG

2597

17 094

6.58

92.11

0.47

4.85

2326

4

0

电子学报 (英文)

ENG

1638

3442

2.10

63.13

0.19

8.06

1626

3

0

地球物理学报

CHI

3913

16 154

4.13

76.23

0.27

7.92

3901

1

0

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

43

140

TAB. B.2 – (continued).

Serial no.

57 58 59

60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71

72 73 74 75

Journal name (Chinese)

Language

No. of papers

Total cites

Citation impact

% of cited papers

CNCI

% of int’l coop papers

No. of highly-cited papers

No. of hot papers

1.88

No. of papers by Chinese authors 3427

Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry Chinese Journal of Polymer Science Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry Chinese Medical Journal Chinese Optics Letters Chinese Physics B Chinese Physics C Chinese Physics Letters Communications in Theoretical Physics Crop Journal Csee Journal of Power and Energy Systems Current Medical Science Current Zoology Defence Technology Digital Communications and Networks Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration

无机化学学报

CHI

3452

8098

2.35

71.41

0.14

0

0

中国结合医学杂志

ENG

1286

6709

5.22

82.58

0.41

9.50

1099

0

0

中国机械工程学报

ENG

1349

5998

4.45

82.95

0.35

11.42

1271

1

0

中国天然药物

ENG

875

5611

6.41

85.71

0.59

7.43

737

2

0

有机化学

CHI

3317

11 377

3.43

77.00

0.19

1.27

3310

0

0

高分子科学 (英文版)

ENG

1436

10 188

7.09

90.95

0.51

8.57

1227

0

0

结构化学

ENG

2616

4951

1.89

63.88

0.13

3.33

2513

0

0

中华医学杂志 (英文版)

ENG

5605

31 080

5.55

86.37

0.34

8.28

5406

1

0

中国光学快报

ENG

2706

13 285

4.91

87.10

0.42

9.98

2438

3

0

中国物理B 中国物理C 中国物理快报 (英文版)

ENG ENG ENG

10 945 2319 5872

50 056 19 147 23 693

4.57 8.26 4.03

83.40 65.37 79.90

0.34 0.60 0.28

7.99 15.87 9.33

10 068 1987 5290

5 9 6

0 0 1

理论物理

ENG

2697

11 939

4.43

73.27

0.34

10.49

2000

4

0

作物学报 (英文版) 中国电机工程学会电力与能源系 统学报 (英文)

ENG ENG

316 210

2606 1135

8.25 5.40

89.24 71.90

1.27 0.71

27.22 36.19

227 151

5 0

0 0

当代医学科学

ENG

1539

6362

4.13

81.35

0.32

6.56

1537

0

0

动物学报 防务技术 (英文) 数字通信与网络 (英文)

ENG ENG ENG

789 312 91

8425 848 562

10.68 2.72 6.18

93.92 61.54 61.54

1.09 0.48 1.04

29.78 8.97 26.37

109 102 19

2 0 1

0 0 0

地震工程与工程振动

ENG

581

3260

5.61

86.57

0.47

17.90

314

0

0

141

76

Journal name (English)

Analysis of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

TAB. B.2 – (continued).

Serial no.

77

84 85 86

87

88 89 90

91 92 93 94 95 96

Journal name (English)

Journal name (Chinese)

Language

No. of papers

Total cites

Citation impact

% of cited papers

CNCI

% of int’l coop papers

No. of highly-cited papers

No. of hot papers

38.46

No. of papers by Chinese authors 34

Ecosystem Health and Sustainability Engineering Eye and Vision Forest Ecosystems Friction Frontiers in Energy Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering Frontiers of Computer Science Frontiers of Earth Science Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering Frontiers of Materials Science Frontiers of Mathematics in China Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering Frontiers of Medicine Frontiers of Physics Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering Fungal Diversity Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics Geoscience Frontiers

生态系统健康与可持续性 (英文) 工程 (英文) 眼视光学杂志 (英文版) 森林生态系统 (英文) 摩擦 (英文) 能源前沿 (英文) 化学科学与工程前沿 (英文)

ENG

78

246

3.15

60.26

0.38

0

0

ENG ENG ENG ENG ENG ENG

396 159 181 249 262 480

3868 1213 986 2420 892 3471

9.77 7.63 5.45 9.72 3.40 7.23

83.59 74.21 82.87 88.35 71.76 90.83

0.88 0.64 1.03 0.90 0.40 0.54

24.49 40.25 44.20 22.09 17.94 20.83

234 34 25 121 118 258

9 1 2 2 0 3

0 0 0 0 0 0

计算机科学前沿 (英文)

ENG

713

3179

4.46

72.93

0.38

22.16

616

1

0

地球科学前沿 (英文)

ENG

579

2951

5.10

82.04

0.41

24.35

456

0

0

环境科学与工程前沿 (英文)

ENG

942

7872

8.36

91.51

0.62

19.62

812

1

0

信息与电子工程前沿 (英文)

ENG

619

1758

2.84

64.46

0.37

19.22

507

1

0

材料科学前沿 (英文)

ENG

372

2726

7.33

80.38

0.30

16.13

285

0

0

中国数学前沿 (英文版)

ENG

758

2136

2.82

54.88

0.64

13.17

686

9

1

机械工程前沿 (英文)

ENG

184

677

3.68

71.20

0.45

20.11

132

2

0

医学前沿 (英文) 物理学前沿 (英文) 结构与土木工程前沿 (英文)

ENG ENG ENG

439 734 301

3223 6445 802

7.34 8.78 2.66

80.87 87.33 67.11

0.67 0.58 0.48

16.17 17.57 23.59

369 558 93

2 4 1

0 0 0

真菌多样性 (英文) 基因组蛋白质组与生物信息学报

ENG ENG

412 192

19 104 3653

46.37 19.03

100.00 91.67

4.45 0.91

71.22 27.60

165 116

54 4

3 0

地学前缘 (英文版)

ENG

692

9707

14.03

93.64

1.57

35.02

225

20

1

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

78 79 80 81 82 83

142

TAB. B.2 – (continued).

Serial no.

97 98

99

100 101 102 103 104 105 106

107

108

109 110 111

112

Journal name (Chinese)

Language

No. of papers

Total cites

Citation impact

% of cited papers

CNCI

% of int’l coop papers

No. of highly-cited papers

No. of hot papers

19.05

No. of papers by Chinese authors 101

Green Energy & Environment Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International High Power Laser Science and Engineering Horticultural Plant Journal Horticulture Research Ieee-Caa Journal of Automatica Sinica Infectious Diseases of Poverty Insect Science Integrative Zoology International Journal of Disaster Risk Science International Journal of Minerals Metallurgy and Materials International Journal of Mining Science and Technology International Journal of Oral Science International Journal of Sediment Research International Soil and Water Conservation Research Journal of Advanced Ceramics Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology

绿色能源与环境 (英文)

ENG

147

1434

9.76

91.84

1.23

2

0

国际肝胆胰疾病杂志 (英文)

ENG

832

6453

7.76

89.42

0.52

7.57

482

0

0

高功率激光科学与工程

ENG

297

1967

6.62

83.50

0.80

25.25

162

1

0

园艺学报 (英文)

ENG

94

170

1.81

70.21

0.65

13.83

74

0

0

园艺研究 (英文) 自动化学报 (英文版)

ENG ENG

348 340

3433 2347

9.86 6.90

87.93 79.71

1.78 1.40

43.97 30.88

200 237

8 4

0 0

贫困所致传染病 (英文)

ENG

592

4744

8.01

89.02

0.63

55.57

242

0

0

昆虫科学 (英文) 整合动物学 (英文) 国际灾害风险科学学报 (英文版)

ENG ENG ENG

825 449 290

7489 4113 2115

9.08 9.16 7.29

91.39 93.54 87.24

1.19 0.92 0.63

32.36 39.87 31.03

351 140 77

13 1 0

0 0 0

矿物冶金与材料学报

ENG

1593

8650

5.43

86.82

0.31

11.05

1191

0

0

矿业科学技术学报 (英文)

ENG

384

2027

5.28

83.59

1.05

16.93

163

2

1

国际口腔科学杂志 (英文版)

ENG

337

5307

15.75

95.25

0.93

30.56

154

2

0

国际泥沙研究 (英文版)

ENG

464

3693

7.96

88.15

0.55

31.90

168

2

0

国际水土保持研究 (英文)

ENG

113

540

4.78

79.65

0.86

32.74

15

0

0

先进陶瓷 (英文)

ENG

338

2856

8.45

89.94

0.54

15.98

157

0

0

畜牧与生物技术杂志 (英文版)

ENG

547

5953

10.88

88.48

1.05

30.16

251

14

0

143

113

Journal name (English)

Analysis of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

TAB. B.2 – (continued).

Serial no.

114 115 116 117

119 120 121

122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131

Journal name (English)

Journal name (Chinese)

Language

No. of papers

Total cites

Citation impact

% of cited papers

CNCI

% of int’l coop papers

No. of highly-cited papers

No. of hot papers

24.92 21.03

No. of papers by Chinese authors 539 395

Journal of Arid Land Journal of Bionic Engineering Journal of Central South University Journal of Computational Mathematics Journal of Computer Science and Technology Journal of Earth Science Journal of Energy Chemistry Journal of Environmental Sciences Journal of Forestry Research Journal of Genetics and Genomics Journal of Geographical Sciences Journal of Geriatric Cardiology Journal of Hydrodynamics Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves Journal of Inorganic Materials Journal of Integrative Agriculture Journal of Integrative Medicine-Jim Journal of Integrative Plant Biology

干旱区科学 仿生工程学报

ENG ENG

638 680

3875 6415

6.07 9.43

85.27 86.91

0.46 0.75

0 0

0 0

中南大学学报 (英文版)

ENG

3818

14 449

3.78

79.96

0.21

11.45

3251

2

0

计算数学 (英文版)

ENG

418

2050

4.90

72.73

0.89

26.08

296

2

0

计算机科学技术学报 (英文版)

ENG

918

4889

5.33

75.71

0.40

28.10

706

1

0

地球科学学刊 (英文版)

ENG

1038

5480

5.28

85.45

0.44

24.37

844

0

1

能源化学 (英文)

ENG

1412

19 138

13.55

96.67

1.22

14.45

1018

13

1

环境科学学报 (英文版)

ENG

3072

45 595

14.84

96.97

1.07

19.50

2283

13

0

林业研究 (英文版)

ENG

1067

3510

3.29

75.91

0.63

22.59

471

4

0

遗传学报

ENG

556

8451

15.20

93.71

0.49

26.08

451

0

0

地理学报 (英文版)

ENG

937

9823

10.48

88.90

0.78

15.05

886

5

0

老年心脏病学杂志

ENG

661

3781

5.72

80.48

0.45

13.16

315

1

0

水动力学研究与进展B辑

ENG

1271

7434

5.85

83.32

0.47

16.84

959

2

0

红外与毫米波学报

CHI

1155

1728

1.50

54.20

0.11

2.51

1142

0

0

无机材料学报

CHI

2219

4909

2.21

68.32

0.11

2.66

2211

0

0

农业科学学报 (英文)

ENG

2599

15 303

5.89

85.92

0.58

16.08

2390

2

0

结合医学学报 (英文版)

ENG

174

464

2.67

72.99

0.58

10.92

24

0

0

植物学报 (英文版)

ENG

865

17 845

20.63

97.11

1.69

23.93

596

23

1

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

118

144

TAB. B.2 – (continued).

Serial no.

132

133 134 135 136

137

138 139 140 141 142

143 144 145

146

Journal name (Chinese)

Language

No. of papers

Total cites

Citation impact

% of cited papers

CNCI

% of int’l coop papers

No. of highly-cited papers

No. of hot papers

7.66

No. of papers by Chinese authors 1766

Journal of Iron and Steel Research International Journal of Magnesium and Alloys Journal of Materials Science & Technology Journal of Materiomics Journal of Meteorological Research Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy Journal of Molecular Cell Biology Journal of Mountain Science Journal of Ocean University of China Journal of Oceanology and Limnology Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis Journal of Plant Ecology Journal of Rare Earths Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Journal of Sport and Health Science Journal of Systematics and Evolution

钢铁研究学报 (英文版)

ENG

2011

9518

4.73

77.87

0.23

0

0

镁合金学报 (英文)

ENG

199

1891

9.50

90.95

1.02

18.09

89

2

0

材料科学技术 (英文版)

ENG

2198

29 320

13.34

95.04

0.97

16.42

1698

16

2

无机材料学学报 (英文)

ENG

159

1057

6.65

91.82

0.95

30.19

124

1

0

气象学报 (英文版)

ENG

729

3837

5.26

81.62

0.43

16.05

706

1

0

现代电力系统与清洁能源学报

ENG

560

3536

6.31

78.04

0.70

27.50

368

0

0

分子细胞生物学报

ENG

426

10 339

24.27

96.71

0.92

32.16

227

1

0

山地科学学报 (英文)

ENG

1373

6640

4.84

80.04

0.40

23.89

898

0

0

中国海洋大学学报 (自然科学英文版) 海洋湖沼学报 (英文)

ENG

1044

2795

2.68

67.24

0.23

12.93

1004

0

0

ENG

1589

5848

3.68

77.91

0.26

12.02

1478

0

0

药物分析学报 (英文)

ENG

224

1881

8.40

83.93

1.25

12.95

69

3

0

植物生态学报 (英文版)

ENG

644

6611

10.27

85.25

1.14

38.20

292

8

0

稀土学报 (英文版)

ENG

2103

20 046

9.53

94.15

0.59

8.46

1648

2

0

岩石力学与岩土工程学报 (英文版)

ENG

301

1044

3.47

76.74

0.77

29.57

61

1

0

运动与健康科学

ENG

383

3704

9.67

91.91

1.06

32.64

54

1

0

植物分类学报

ENG

570

5710

10.02

90.53

1.05

35.79

398

6

0

145

147

Journal name (English)

Analysis of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

TAB. B.2 – (continued).

Serial no.

148

149 150

152 153 154

155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165

Journal name (English)

Journal name (Chinese)

Language

No. of papers

Total cites

Citation impact

% of cited papers

CNCI

% of int’l coop papers

No. of highly-cited papers

No. of hot papers

7.77

No. of papers by Chinese authors 1287

Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics Journal of Systems Science & Complexity Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering Journal of Thermal Science Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine Journal of Tropical Meteorology Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Materials Science Edition Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B Light-Science & Applications Matter and Radiation at Extremes Microsystems & Nanoengineering Military Medical Research Molecular Plant Nano Research Nano-Micro Letters National Science Review Neural Regeneration Research

系统工程与电子技术 (英文版)

ENG

1326

4630

3.49

71.19

0.26

0

0

系统科学与复杂性 (英文版)

ENG

925

3320

3.59

68.00

0.76

14.38

813

5

0

系统科学与系统工程学报 (英文版)

ENG

305

1437

4.71

81.31

0.40

27.87

191

0

0

热科学学报

ENG

827

2959

3.58

75.21

0.38

11.25

483

2

0

中医杂志 (英文版)

ENG

1038

4030

3.88

70.91

0.25

5.39

923

0

0

热带气象学报 (英文版)

ENG

485

762

1.57

61.24

0.12

7.42

483

0

0

武汉理工大学学报-材料科学版 (英文)

ENG

2258

5811

2.57

70.81

0.13

6.28

2216

0

0

浙江大学学报 (英文版) A辑

ENG

844

5297

6.28

85.78

0.46

17.54

695

2

0

浙江大学学报 (英文版) B辑

ENG

1084

9090

8.39

91.79

0.32

13.38

944

0

0

光: 科学与应用

ENG

614

26 869

43.76

97.72

4.37

50.33

217

82

1

极端条件下的物质与辐射

ENG

97

361

3.72

77.32

0.57

37.11

47

0

0

微系统与纳米工程 (英文)

ENG

224

2335

10.42

84.82

1.32

22.77

40

4

0

军事医学研究 (英文)

ENG

108

302

2.80

63.89

0.48

12.04

46

0

0

分子植物 纳米研究 (英文版) 纳微快报 (英文) 国家科学评论 (英文)

ENG ENG ENG ENG

1078 2578 525 244

40 204 73 755 10 460 5730

37.29 28.61 19.92 23.48

99.17 96.28 96.95 92.21

3.27 2.65 1.42 1.76

40.26 30.49 22.48 39.34

494 1688 354 214

124 124 10 14

3 4 1 0

中国神经再生研究 (英文版)

ENG

3141

14 773

4.70

80.77

0.36

8.95

2255

4

0

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

151

146

TAB. B.2 – (continued).

Serial no.

166 167 168 169

170 171 172 173

174 175 176 177 178 179

180 181

182 183 184 185

Journal name (Chinese)

Language

No. of papers

Total cites

Citation impact

% of cited papers

CNCI

% of int’l coop papers

No. of highly-cited papers

No. of hot papers

19.58 4.92

No. of papers by Chinese authors 638 661

Neuroscience Bulletin New Carbon Materials Nuclear Science and Techniques Numerical Mathematics-Theory Methods and Applications Opto-Electronic Advances Particuology Pedosphere Petroleum Exploration and Development Petroleum Science Photonic Sensors Photonics Research Plant Diversity Plasma Science & Technology Progress in Biochemistry and Biophysics Progress in Chemistry Progress in Natural Science-Materials International Protein & Cell Rare Metal Materials and Engineering Rare Metals Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics Rice Science Science Bulletin Science China-Chemistry

神经科学通报 新型炭材料

ENG CHI

766 731

9077 4307

11.85 5.89

93.73 72.23

0.68 0.28

2 0

0 0

核技术 (英文版)

ENG

1278

3297

2.58

67.84

0.30

10.33

1090

3

0

高等学校计算数学学报 (英文版)

ENG

348

1482

4.26

78.16

0.95

23.28

211

0

0

光电进展 (英文)

ENG

44

160

3.64

56.82

0.57

25.00

32

0

0

颗粒学报 土壤圈 (英文版) 石油勘探与开发 (英文)

ENG ENG ENG

1059 849 889

13 147 10 293 6458

12.41 12.12 7.26

94.05 93.76 78.63

0.62 1.01 0.58

19.36 31.92 5.74

574 502 839

2 4 3

0 0 0

石油科学 (英文版) 光子传感器 (英文) 光子学研究 植物多样性 (英文) 等离子体科学和技术 (英文版) 生物化学与生物物理进展

ENG ENG ENG ENG ENG

723 253 783 120 1946

3927 824 9356 329 6308

5.43 3.26 11.95 2.74 3.24

81.33 70.36 91.06 75.83 72.76

0.50 0.44 1.80 0.73 0.32

14.52 11.46 25.80 21.67 11.36

550 165 529 90 1626

2 0 13 1 1

0 0 0 0 0

CHI

1278

1707

1.34

48.90

0.06

5.24

1261

0

0

化学进展 自然科学进展: 国际材料 (英文)

CHI ENG

1879 842

6279 11 313

3.34 13.44

76.26 88.24

0.13 0.65

3.67 18.29

1863 596

1 2

0 0

蛋白质与细胞 稀有金属材料与工程

ENG CHI

757 7856

15 986 11 164

21.12 1.42

97.49 52.16

0.98 0.07

25.50 2.29

602 7828

14 0

0 0

稀有金属 (英文版) 天文和天体物理学研究

ENG ENG

1448 1453

6721 9759

4.64 6.72

84.19 79.42

0.27 0.34

6.01 23.40

1340 1079

0 4

0 0

水稻科学 (英文版) 科学通报 (英文版) 中国科学: 化学 (英文版)

ENG ENG ENG

190 3951 2328

1041 43 231 25 942

5.48 10.94 11.14

81.05 92.96 94.16

0.87 0.65 0.77

17.37 16.38 10.82

73 3795 2128

1 23 21

0 0 4

147

186 187 188

Journal name (English)

Analysis of Papers Published by China’s STM Journals

TAB. B.2 – (continued).

Serial no.

189 190

191

193 194

195

196 197 198 199

200 201 202 203 204

Journal name (English)

Journal name (Chinese)

Language

No. of papers

Total cites

Citation impact

% of cited papers

CNCI

% of int’l coop papers

No. of highly-cited papers

No. of hot papers

17.25

No. of papers by Chinese authors 1878

Science China-Earth Sciences Science China-Information Sciences Science China-Life Sciences Science China-Materials Science China-Mathematics Science China-Physics Mechanics & Astronomy Science China-Technological Sciences Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis Stroke and Vascular Neurology Transactions of Onferrous Metals Society of China Tsinghua Science and Technology Virologica Sinica World Journal of Emergency Medicine World Journal of Pediatrics Zoological Research

中国科学: 地球科学 (英文版)

ENG

1907

21 295

11.17

90.61

0.66

21

0

中国科学: 信息科学 (英文版)

ENG

2204

13 075

5.93

84.48

0.50

18.74

2099

6

0

中国科学: 生命科学 (英文版)

ENG

1339

13 019

9.72

93.95

0.57

17.03

1233

1

0

中国科学: 材料科学 (英文版)

ENG

614

6751

11.00

92.02

1.10

21.17

588

4

0

中国科学: 数学 (英文版)

ENG

1786

7745

4.34

75.87

0.83

22.17

1523

11

0

中国科学: 物理学力学天文学 (英文版)

ENG

2467

16 715

6.78

89.14

0.57

13.03

2369

9

0

中国科学: 技术科学

ENG

3031

22 697

7.49

90.93

0.54

11.84

2925

8

0

信号转导与靶向治疗 (英文)

ENG

130

2252

17.32

85.38

1.30

36.15

83

4

0

光谱学与光谱分析

CHI

7041

10 276

1.46

56.70

0.09

3.58

6952

0

0

卒中与血管神经病学 (英文)

ENG

132

796

6.03

75.00

0.56

23.48

70

1

0

中国有色金属学报 (英文版)

ENG

4502

41 428

9.20

92.94

0.44

8.84

3586

0

0

清华大学学报自然科学版 (英文版) 中国病毒学 (英文) 世界急诊医学杂志 (英文)

ENG

443

2347

5.30

78.33

0.52

22.80

382

0

0

ENG ENG

249 148

1107 368

4.45 2.49

80.72 75.68

0.51 0.42

24.50 12.16

220 24

0 0

0 0

世界儿科杂志 (英文)

ENG

676

3557

5.26

82.40

0.39

15.35

283

0

0

动物学研究 (英文版) Total

ENG

147 262 248

597 1 727 534

4.06 6.59

79.59 80.38

1.02 0.50

36.73 12.19

127 223 080

1 1060

0 33

Note: Retrieval method – search for research fields in InCite, with time period 2010–2019; using discipline categorizations of ESI; choose “mainland China” for country/region of author; choose “mainland China” for country/region of journal; exclude journals without CN numbers; and choose “article” and “review” for article type. For journals with the same name, use InCites base value. The database was updated on May 28th 2020, the data from Web of Science was before April 30th 2020, and retrieval date was June 2nd, 2020.

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

192

148

TAB. B.2 – (continued).

Chapter 3 Trends of Development of China’s Popular Science Journals Pinchun ZHANG, Jing SU, Yilin LI and Ni LU

Abstract In the early period, there were few popular science journals in China. The most influential ones were Science Pictorial and Popular Science. Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, up until the end of 20th century, popular science journals went through many ups and downs, including the glorious time, stagnation, recovery, and the period with all flowers blooming. From the beginning of 21st century till now, the development of new technologies has sped up the media integration, hence popular science journals have made their way into the tide of innovation and reform. Some popular science journals have further developed into science popularization integrated media, while some others have transformed into academic journals or technical journals. At the same time, under the background of media integration, the boundaries of different types of media are getting blurry. The power from different aspects has generated the “DNA” of popular science, “touching” and influencing every corner of the popular science field. Among the over 9000 journals that participated in the 2019 annual statistics, 259 popular science journals were included in the statistics for the Blue Book. In terms of content, they can be categorized into: general and specialized. In terms of audience, they can be categorized into: general public as audience, and scientific workers as audience. Popular science journals indicate the following trends: (A) The regions of journals are scattered, and most journals are general and cater to the general public. (B) Publishing organizations mostly take full responsibilities of their own profits and losses. (C) The staff size is generally small. (D) Most popular science journals have a circulation under 20 000 copies, with a small number of popular science journals seeing the increase in circulation. (E) The mode of operations and income sources are more diversified. The income for journals is showing the trend of polarization. (F) Journals are actively applying new media DOI: 10.1051/978-2-7598-2556-1.c003 © Science Press, EDP Sciences, 2021

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and developing with in-depth media integration. For example, journals are enhancing the staffing of new media, investing more funds into new media operations, participating in multiple new media platforms, and starting to run e-business. At the same time, STM journals of other types are also making more efforts in the field of new media. A group of STM journal new media accounts have emerged as leading examples and launched a wider range of science popularization. Exploration of popular science journal media integration revealed that journals such as Popular Science, Knowledge is Power, and Science Pictorial are good examples of high-quality content, all-media integration; journals such as Aerospace Knowledge, Family Doctor, and Car Owners are good examples of industrialization, clustering, and developing with mutual learning of other media. Journals such as Chinese National Geography, Nature History, Radio, and I-Robot, are good examples of promoting the integration of science and culture. All the above examples are demonstrated in section “Case Studies of Popular Science Journals” of this chapter. In the era of media integration, both our nation’s and the general public’s needs for science popularization have changed. Our nation’s needs for science popularization focus more on the characteristics of long-term and urgency. The public has raised needs for new content, models and communication channels, focusing on diversity, visibility, and sociability. Popular science journals should function as disseminating scientific knowledge, publicizing and providing guidance, educating, training, and entertaining the audience. They shall help improve the general public’s scientific literacy, inspire and cultivate scientific talents, and promote technology transfer. Nevertheless, the problems of popular science journals such as brain drain, non-sufficient development of digitalization, and lack of funding and policy support, make it difficult for popular science journals to fully play their roles and to satisfy the nation and the public’s needs for science popularization. Popular science journals shall create top-quality content with the focus on the target of serving scientific innovations and development. They shall also improve the ability of integrated development, and seek for transformation and upgrading. At the same time, they shall clarify their own positioning in the cultural industry, operate with the market in mind, realize prosperity and development, work for scientific innovations for the nation, and make more contributions to improving the overall public’s scientific literacy.

3.1

Analysis of the Current Situation of China’s Popular Science Journals

Compared to other types of STM journals, popular science journals have a larger population of obvious and potential audience, because of their universality. Hence, though popular science journals account for a small percentage of China’s STM journals and the development is unbalanced, they are one of the typical groups of journals that explore actively market-oriented media integration. In addition, because of their high level of market-orientation, popular science journals are facing greater challenges and tests from the market. With these severe challenges against survival and development, many popular science journals choose to change the direction of the journal operations, and they are moving away from the positioning of “science popularization” and developing towards

Trends of Development of China’s Popular Science Journals

151

STM journals, technical journals, or comprehensive guiding journals of a particular industry. Some popular science journals choose to stay with their original positioning, expand into the field of new media either through deepening services or through in-depth integration with culture, thus contribute a series of “grand creative shows”. When science popularization is attached with the same importance as scientific innovation, “popular science” is also becoming a very important element and development direction for many STM journals and even other media (including Wemedia). When we are entering the third decade of 21st century, the national scientific literacy of our country’s general public is at a new starting point[1]. We hope popular science journals, which represent the main stream science popularization media, will blow the horn of the new era of “everything is media” and “universal science popularization”. They are expected to provide solid support for the cultural construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the improvement of the general public’s scientific literacy.

3.1.1

General Introduction of China’s Popular Science Journal Development

3.1.1.1

Classification of Popular Science Journals

The Blue Book on China’s STM Journal Development 2017 gave definition of popular science journals, and suggested that popular science journals be an informal science education reading material for the public. Currently, with the continuous development of information technology, the trend of integration of science popularization media is further emerging. The integration first happens among different media types: new media are showing more systematic content operations similar to traditional media, while traditional science popularization media are producing works with more fragmented, shorter and highly interactive content and distributing the content through multiple channels and multiple platforms. The integration also happens within the STM journals: under the guidance of the “golden standard” of satisfying the audience needs, the boundaries of different types of STM journals are getting blurred and converged during the development. More popular science journals are breaking through the limitations of traditional communication channels and content types. Academic journals and technical journals are also conducting science and technology popularization through various channels. Different types of science popularization media are having overall integration and development in terms of content, form, and channel. The core of integrated development is the renovation of popular science resource production and communication. In terms of audience type, this chapter classifies popular science journals into 2 groups: one serving general public, and the other serving scientific and technical workers. The journals serving the general public are further divided into the ones serving children, and the ones serving adults. The journals serving scientific and technical workers are further divided into advanced popular science journals, and technology popularization journals (see figure 3.1). In terms of content, popular science journals can be classified into 2 groups: general and specialized. General popular science journals are not restricted to a certain specialized field,

152

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

FIG. 3.1 – Classification by audience of popular science journals.

while specialized popular science journals focus on a certain specialized field. Specialized popular science journals, based on different disciplinary fields, are classified into science, engineering, agriculture & forestry, and medical & health (see figure 3.2). This chapter calls the above 2 classifications “audience classification” and “content classification”. Through these 2 types of classification, popular science journals can be defined more clearly. The over 9000 journals that participated in 2019 annual statistics were shortlisted. With the changes in operation directions of journals in recent years, some journals that previously belonged to advanced and technology popularization journals have been redefined as academic journals, and are also included in the statistics of academic journals in this Book. There are also many other journals which have enhanced the function of providing industrial guidance during the development, and can be classified as comprehensive guiding journals. These above 2 types of journals are not included in the statistics of popular science journals for this Book. Besides, since the research subject of this Book is STM journals, popular science journals that are not within the range of STM journals (the

FIG. 3.2 – Classification by content of popular science journals.

Trends of Development of China’s Popular Science Journals

153

ending English letter in the journal’s CN number from A to K) are also not included in the statistics for this Book. After such filtration, there are 259 popular science journals included in the statistics.

3.1.1.2

The Development Process of Popular Science Journals

3.1.1.2.1

The Preliminary Stage of Popular Science Journals (Before the Founding of PRC) There were very few popular science journals in China in the early times. Before the founding of People’s Republic of China, Science Pictorial (founded in 1933) and Popular Science (founded in 1937) were the most influential ones. Journal of Ya Quan (founded in 1900) and Newton (founded in 1903) were both comprehensive natural science journals. Newton published some scientific papers written by Chinese authors, popular science articles, and articles[2] introducing domestic scientific research, craft, and educational activities. Journals such as Science, Tsinghua Weekly, and Nature were functioning both as academic and popular science journals. 3.1.1.2.2

The Period of Fluctuating Development of Popular Science Journals (From the Founding of PRC to the End of 20th Century) Since the founding of People’s Republic of China, with the establishment of various types of publishing organizations of popular science publications throughout China, many popular science journals launched new journals and kicked off a glorious period of development for popular science journals. Examples of journals with large distribution and wide-spread influence are Science Pictorial, Knowledge is Power, Radio, Aerospace Knowledge, Popular Science, and Amateur Astronomer. Popular Science journals in this period played a very important role in the aspects of guiding the directions of science popularization, and disseminating scientific and cultural knowledge. After the reform and opening, especially after the idea of “science and technology constitute the primary productive force” was raised and the establishment of the national strategy of “revitalizing China through science and education”, the volume of popular science journals was rapidly increasing and the quality of content was continuously improving. Till 1995, location wise, popular science journals were covering provinces, districts and cities throughout China; and content wise, they were covering all disciplines and subject areas. That period was seeing “hundreds of flowers blossom and hundreds of schools of thoughts contend”. In 1996, the General Office of the CPC Central Committee and General Office of the State Council jointly issued the “Notice on strengthening the press, publication, radio and television industry”[3]. With the deepening of publishing industry reform and the implementation of the strategy of “elite journals”, high-quality journal operation has become the feature of popular science journals of this period. In 2003, the number of popular science journals reached 450, and a batch of outstanding popular science journals deeply loved by the audience emerged, such as Popular Medicine, Radio, Aerospace Knowledge, Family Doctor, etc.[4].

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Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

3.1.1.2.3

New Phase of Integrated Media Development of Popular Science Journals (From the Beginning of 21st Century till Present) In the recent 20 years, the innovations of new technology have brought fast development to new media. From the sudden rise of the internet to the continuous reforms in telecommunications technology, the applications of new technologies such as mobile communications, artificial intelligence, big data, etc. have sped up the progress of media integration. This also made unprecedented impact on popular science journals and pushed them into the tides and waves of reforms and innovations. 3.1.1.2.3.1 The Path of Reform and Development with Continuous Adjustment and Improvement. The first decade of 21st century witnessed the internet developing by leaps and bounds. With the continuous development of internet and telecommunications technology, the changes in traditional reading modes and competition posed by the large number of journals covering life, culture and entertainment aspects, popular science journals were facing unexpected external pressure. When confronted by new media, some popular science journals followed the trend and launched e-journals based on the original print version. But the majority of them were just “copying” the content of the print version to the online platform. Some other popular science journals invested human resource and materials into establishing a new media department, building a website, and setting up Weibo (Sina blog) accounts. The interactions of the online version were mostly just additions on the surface, not substantial integration. After 2003, with the further deepening of cultural system reform, many popular science journals took the lead in launching the reform of institutional mechanisms. The popular science journals in this period, though the number was increasing, were facing heated market competition and had many problems such as very serious homogeneity, unstable talent team, and unbalanced product structure. Publishing organizations of popular science journals, on the one hand released their development vitality through the reform of institutional mechanism; on the other hand, with the market in mind, they actively applied new technologies to expand into new fields and went forward on the road to reform and development through adjustment and self-improving. 3.1.1.2.3.2 Embracing New Media and Developing Both in Scope and in Depth Towards Integrated Media. In the second decade of 21st century, the first generation of internet media had become “traditional media”, and telecommunication technologies had leaped from 2 and 3G to 4G and 5G. VR, AR, live streaming, and short videos were fast developing. People were no longer satisfied with Weibo and WeChat. The users of platforms such as Zhihu (Chinese version of Quora), Toutiao (today’s headlines), and various short-video Apps were growing fast. Standing at the forefront of the market, many popular science journals “smelt” the trace of life from the integrated media development. The year of 2014 was called the first year of media integration. Since then, China has issued a series of polices on media integration, for example Guidelines on promoting the integration of traditional media and new media[5]. In the following years, besides their own Apps, popular science journals were active in Weibo, WeChat, Toutiao, Zhihu, Baijiahao, Kuaishou (Kwai App), Douyin (TikTok), and even Oasis App that emerged in 2019. “Reading and interacting at any time anywhere”, can reflect the communication characteristics of popular science journals in the media integration era.

Trends of Development of China’s Popular Science Journals

155

Aerospace Knowledge Publishing House integrated the resources for its academic journal Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica and its popular science journal Aerospace Knowledge. Through sharing content resources, forming editorial board together, building communication channels, cultivating talents, conducting branding activities jointly, it fully utilized its advantages of Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica in academic exchange and scientific achievement dissemination, as well as the social functions of Aerospace Knowledge to popularize science and elevate the public’s scientific literacy. This improved the situation where academic journals were limited to a small audience, a small distribution and a small market due to its specialized field. It has also provided new ideas for the journal operation of popular science journals that were facing the attacks by new media and suffering from shrinking distribution channels. On Jan 25th 2019, when Political Bureau of CPC Central Committee were conducting a collective study on integrated media development in the all-media era in the location of People’s Daily, President Xi Jinping gave a profound interpretation of the definition of “all media” and pointed out: “We shall stick to the direction of overall development and speed up the step towards integration from simple addition. Through optimizing the process and recreating the platforms to realize the effective integration of different media resources and production elements, we will realize the integration and communications of information, content, technical application, platform terminals, and management models. This will accelerate the integration and qualitative transformation, magnify the integrated effect, and build a group of influential and competitive new mainstream media”[6]. The era of all-media has come, which is characterized by all around, 3-dimentional, all participating, and overall effect. The general public’s reading habits have been changing silently. Most popular science journals started to “let go of the old school of thoughts”, and “followed their instinct and judgment”. Excellent popular science journals never ceased to reform and innovate in the pursuit of a path of integrated media development suitable for themselves. Chinese National Geography collaborated with Bowu and Chinese Heritage to create an active new media image. Be it the “Mr. Geography” who is active in the WeChat Moments everyday and organizes lotteries and other events all the time, or the “Mr. Bowu” who is always thinking about “can good how?” (Can eat? Good to eat? How to eat?) when meeting new and strange stuff, or “Mrs. Heritage” who is keen on telling traditional stories when hot topics come up, these Weibo accounts each create a new media image with very unique personality. In this way, popular science content is naturally blended into our daily life. This kind of subtle integration has silently transformed popular science journals into our “buddies in life” who are real and vivid. In the aspect of agricultural science popularization, a good example is New Rural Technology. On the basis of its website, WeChat public account, and short message platform, it focuses on the interactions with the users, and works hard on improving the “rural shopping mall” on the WeChat public account. At the same time, it also participates in new media platforms such as Toutiao, Baijia Hao, Zhihu, Dayu etc. to construct a three-dimensional communication platform, and integrates short-videos and live streaming into science popularization activities to forge an interactive science popularization platform. In the aspect of general science popularization, a good example is Popular Science. It launched its WeChat public account in 2014, and has accumulated over 30 000 active users through a series of diversified online activities. In addition to “website + WeChat + Weibo”,

156

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

it applies new technologies and collaborates with partners to build a “4D” popular science journal. The original stop-motion cartoon in the print journal was published as AR all-media reading material through co-operations. Through cooperation with radio stations, the journal launched original picture book with audio clips of popular science stories, aiming to build “the first audible popular science fairy tales” in China. In the environment of media integration, the boundaries of traditional and new media are getting blurred. Power from every aspect is generating the “DNA” of popular science, “touching” and influencing every corner in the field of science popularization. Among STM journals, academic journals and technical journals are like “brothers” of popular science journals. They are born with the “DNA” of science communications. In the media integration era, this “DNA” is becoming more “prominent”. According to statistics of 2019, excluding popular science journals, 1989 STM journals have 1 WeChat public account each, 96 journals have 2 WeChat public accounts each, and 9 journals have 3 WeChat public accounts each. For example, China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica won a national-level award “2017 National Excellent Micro-video of Popular Science”. It also conducts science popularization activities and user services around its 2 WeChat public accounts: “China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica”, and “Run! Traditional Chinese Medicine”. In addition, the CAST system, scientific research institutions, science venues, higher education institutions, and hospitals are all using new media to fully utilize the advantages of science popularization. They use different distribution channels in different platforms to conduct science popularization activities. They have emerged into all aspects of education, health, work and life of people, and own a large number of subscribers. From the nomination list of top 10 Popular Science WeMedia of “Classics – 2019 Science Communication in China” hosted by CAST, one can see that the 20 nominated wemedia came from different media platforms. For example, “CAS Institute of Physics in 2-D” from Bilibili communicates scientific knowledge using very common language, teaches scientific methods at professional levels, solves scientific puzzles using authoritative answers, and demonstrates scientific spirit with very sincere attitude[7]. China Digital Science & Technology Museum (CDSTM) on WeChat public account, pushes updates every Friday. Aside from very rich and color activity notifications, “Brother Rong Science Talk Show”, “Here comes school sister”, “Science magnifier” have all become excellent brand columns. “Science open the door!” from Himalaya FM, is an original Encyclopedia Audio Program by CDSTM targeted at children of 3–10 years old. Up until June 2020, “Science open the door!” has achieved 144 000 subscriptions on Himalaya FM and 40 857 000 view counts. The “National Meteorological Center” at Sina Weibo is both cute and scientifically rigorous. Up until June 2020, it has had 1.7 million Weibo fans and is deeply loved by the public. The App “Baby vaccine” is not only about the vaccines but also provides information and strategies on baby-sitting and classes for young mothers to solve problems during nurturing. “China Science Communication Expo” on TikTok is communicating the scientific positive energy in the form of original short videos. Under such circumstances, both “teammate” and competitors are increasing. Popular science journals not only should continue to plough deep in the field of traditional content but also should strive in the field of new media. They use new media platforms to build high-quality science communication content, adopt new schools of thought and convert readers into users, and actively serve the users. According to the statistics of 2019, in the

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157

aspect of platform communications, 52 popular science journals entered platforms such as 3rd-party news and video clips. Apart from the publically well-known Toutiao, Weibo, WeChat, Himalaya FM, TikTok, Youku, iQiyi, Sohu, Wangyi, and Zhihu, they also participate in platforms such as Qutoutiao, Dayu, YY live streaming, Car Owners, Miaopai etc. In terms of user services, the top 10 journals with active App users are: Care & Health, Car & Driver, Bowu, Green Living, Farm Machinery, Car Market Guide, Evo, Auto Fan, Chinese National Geography, and China Auto Pictorial. After going through the series of challenges from new media and the cultural revolution, popular science journals had a nice transformation through digital publication. It then, after continuous exploration, went on the path of media integration and development in both scope and depth. Currently, facing the diversified market that was never known before, popular science journals shall seize the “ten thousand possibilities” in the era of media integration, strive to improve the quality of products and services while bearing in mind their original aspiration and mission, and make more contributions in scientific innovations for the country and in improving the overall public’s scientific literacy.

3.1.2

Current Situation of China’s Popular Science Journal Development

3.1.2.1

Basic Facts of Popular Science Journals

3.1.2.1.1

The Locations of Popular Science Journals are Quite Scattered, and the Types are Mostly General Popular Science and Those Catering to General Public In terms of locations, popular science journals are quite scattered and unbalanced. Among the 259 popular science journals, 97 are centralized journals, accounting for 38% of all, the rest 62% are distributed in 28 provinces, districts and cities. The 4 centrally administered municipalities Shanghai, Chongqing, Tianjin, and Beijing, and provinces such as Guangdong, Hunan, have many popular science journals; provinces and autonomous regions such as Fujian, Gansu, Guizhou, and Inner Mongolia, have relatively few popular science journals. Qinghai, Tibet and Ningxia do not have popular science journals1 (see figure 3.3). In terms of content classification, popular science journals are divided into general popular science journals and specialized popular science journals. Among the 259 popular science journals, there are 75 general journals, accounting for 28.96%, and 184 specialized journals, accounting for 71.04%. Specialized journals include medicine & health (64 journals), agriculture & forestry (25 journals), science (16 journals), and engineering (79 journals) (see figure 3.4). In terms of audience classification, popular science journals are divided into the ones catering to general public, and others catering to science & technical workers. There are 219 journals for general public, which include 33 journals for children, and 186 journals for adults. The 40 journals for science & technical workers are divided into advanced popular science journals (16 journals) and technical science communication journals (24 journals) (see figure 3.5). 1

Statistics of this chapter do not include data on Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan.

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Heilongjiang Zhejiang 6 5 Shanxi 6 Henan 6

Jilin 5 Shandong 5

Liaoning 7 Guangxi 8 Beijing 8 Jiangsu 9 Tianjin 9

Yunnan 5 Hebei 4 Hubei 3 Xinjiang 3 Anhui 2

Hainan 2

Jiangxi 2 Shanxi 2

Sichuan 10

Fujian 1 Gansu 1

Chongqing 10

Guizhou 1 Hunan 11

Inner Mongolia1

Guangdong 11 Shanghai 19

Central 9 7

FIG. 3.3 – Location distribution of popular science journals (unit: no. of journal).

Medicine & health:64

General: 75

Specialized: 184

Agriculture & forestry: 25 Science: 16 Engineering: 79

FIG. 3.4 – Popular science journals by content classification. In terms of distribution by disciplines, popular science journals cover quite a wide range of disciplines, but not evenly distributed. According to the distribution shown in the figure below, popular science journals cover natural science general intro (N), math & physical science, and chemistry (O), astronomy and earth science (P), biological science (Q), medicine and health (R), agriculture science (S), industrial technology (T), transportation (U), aerospace and aeronautics (V), environmental science, safety science (X), and comprehensive (Z). Among them, popular science journals in medicine and health are the majority: 64 journals, accounting for 24.71%; Industrial technology journals are 52, accounting for 20.08%, ranking 2nd; natural science journals are 51, accounting for 19.69%, ranking 3rd; there are few journals in aerospace & aeronautics, environmental science & safety science, and comprehensive, only 5, 4 and 1 journal each (see figure 3.6).

Trends of Development of China’s Popular Science Journals

Advanced science communication: 16

Popular science for adults: 186 Popular science journals for general public: 219 Popular science for children: 33

159

Journals for science & technical workers: 40 Technical communication: 24

FIG. 3.5 – Popular science journals by audience classification.

FIG. 3.6 – Distribution by discipline of popular science journals. Note: N: Natural science general introduction, O: Physical science & chemistry, P: Astronomy, earth science, Q: Biological science, R: Medical, pharmaceutical & health science, S: Agricultural science, T: Industrial technology, U: Transportation, V: Aerospace and aeronautical science, X: Environmental science, safety science, and Z: Comprehensive.

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Institutional legal person 17.76% Non-corporate entity 44.79%

Others 11.20%

Enterprise legal person 26.25%

FIG. 3.7 – Nature of publication organizations of popular science journals.

3.1.2.1.2

Publishing Organizations of Popular Science Journals are Mostly Solely Responsible for Their Own Profits and Losses According to statistics in 2019, among the 259 popular science journals, excluding the situation with data filled as “0” or left blank, there are 116 non-corporate publication organizations, accounting for 44.79%; 68 were transformed from state-owned institutions to enterprises, accounting for 26.25%; 46 are institutional legal persons, accounting for 17.76%; journals published by enterprise legal persons and institutional legal persons account for 44.01% (see figure 3.7). Among the effective data of 67 journals published by enterprises, 39 are company limited, accounting for 58.21% and representing the main form of enterprises. In terms of funding sources for enterprises, 68 journals are self-financed, accounting for 51.52% of the 132 effective data and representing the major funding source. In terms of funding sources for public institutions, among the 64 valid data, 52 journals (accounting for 81.25% of the total) mainly adopt the self-supporting model; 7 journals (accounting for 10.94%) receive funding to fill in the gap in operations; and 5 journals (accounting for 7.81%) receive full funding for operations. This shows that popular science journals published by institutional legal persons mostly are self-supported. 3.1.2.1.3 The Staff Size of Popular Science Journals is Relatively Small The overall staff size of China’s popular science journals is relatively small. According to statistics of the 253 journals in the 2019 annual statistics, there are 3122 persons working for popular science journals, 12.34 persons per journal. 72.73% of the popular science journals have a staff size of 6–20 persons. 74.70% of the popular science journals have permanent staff of 1–10 persons; 56.52% of the popular science journals have editing staff of 1–5 persons; half of the popular science journals have new media staff, most of which have new media staff of 1–5 persons; and most journals have administrative, advertising, and distribution staff of under 5 persons, with very few journals’ advertising staff working as distribution staff as well. Popular science journals with a total staff size of over 30 persons

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161

TAB. 3.1 – Distribution of popular science journal personnel (size & type of work). No. of personnel 15 6  10 11  20 21  30 30 and above Total

No. of journals with different staff size and different type of work Total Permanent Hired Editorial 41 98 86 18 10 253

119 70 14 1 0 204

85 49 50 15 7 206

143 86 19 3 1 252

New media 124 8 3 0 0 135

Admin AD Dist Others 184 6 2 0 0 192

150 5 1 0 0 156

184 6 3 0 0 193

87 3 2 1 0 93

Note: The total number is based on the data collected for 2019, excluding the data filled in as “0” and blank.

TAB. 3.2 – Distribution of personnel in pop science journals by academic background. No. of personnel

15 6  10 11  15 16  20 21  25 26  30 30 and above Total

No. of journals with different size of personnel with different academic background College & under 136 25 0 0 0 0 1 162

Bachelor 112 74 33 10 6 2 4 241

Master’s 168 19 3 0 0 0 0 190

PhD 55 1 1 0 0 0 0 57

Note: The total number is the data collected for 2019, excluding the data filled in as “0” and blank.

are called large-scale journals. For example, Chinese National Geography has 82 staff, and Family Doctor has 70 staff. Journals including Youth Science Park, Model World, Urban Environment Design, Future Scientist, Green China, Popular Science, Family Medicine, and Aviation World, are ranked top 10 by the number of personnel (see table 3.1). The personnel of China’s popular science journals are mainly university graduates with bachelor and master’s degrees. There are 8.69 persons per journal with bachelor degrees (241 effective data), and 6.4 persons per journal with master’s degrees (190 effective data). There are 55, 1, and 1 popular science journals with 1–5, 6–10, 11–15 PhD staff members, respectively. Among them, Modern Science has 11 PhD staff members (see table 3.2). According to statistics, China’s popular science journals have average 3.57 persons per journal with intermediate-level professional titles, 2.04 persons per journal with vice-senior professional titles, and 1.92 persons per journal with senior titles. The average number of persons with vice-senior and senior professional titles accounts for 61.02% of the average

Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

No. of journals

162

200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0

Junior title or no title Intermediate title Vice-senior title Senior title

0

1̚5

6̚10 11̚15 16 ̚20 20 and above Others No. of personnel

FIG. 3.8 – Distribution of popular science journal personnel by professional titles. total staff size of a journal. The overall distribution is reasonable, which is good for the journal operation team to pass on experience from the senior staff to the junior staff, and to teach, help and lead the younger generation (see figure 3.8).

3.1.2.1.4

A Small Number of Popular Science Journals are Seeing Increase in Circulation Among the 255 popular science journals that provided valid data on circulation, 235 journals have a circulation within 100 000 copies, accounting for 92.16%. There are only 20 popular science journals such as Family Doctor that have a circulation of over 100 000 (see table 3.3). According to Report on China’s Journal Industry Development 2017–2018[8], among the 214 valid data, 8 popular science journals have a circulation of over 100 000 copies per issue, and 206 journals have a circulation of under 100 000 copies. However, in the statistics of this Book, 20 popular science journals have a circulation of over 100 000 copies per issue. Even though most journals’ circulation is still under 20 000 copies, a small number of popular science journals is seeing the rise in circulation (see table 3.4). According to the classification of these 20 journals, they are mostly comprehensive journals for children, and some journals in medicine & health, and agriculture & forestry. 3.1.2.1.5 More Diversified Operation Income of Popular Science Journals 3.1.2.1.5.1 Annual Total Income of Popular Science Journals. Among the 228 valid data of popular science journals that filled in their annual total income, there are 18 journals with an annual total income of over 10 million yuan each, accounting for 7.89% of all journals. Among these journals, journals such as Bowu, and Middle School Mathematics, Physics & Chemistry mainly rely on distribution for income; journals such as Chinese National Geography and Car rely on advertisement for income; and journals such as Car Owners and Popular Science rely mainly on new media for income. 38.16% of popular science journals have an annual total income of within 1 million yuan. This shows that the total income of popular science journals is polarized (see table 3.5).

Trends of Development of China’s Popular Science Journals

163

TAB. 3.3 – 20 Popular science journals with average circulation of over 100 000 copies per issue (unit: 10 000 copies). Serial no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Journal name Family Doctor Modern Ships National Geography Popular Science Bowu

Circulation per issue 69.73 45.6 45.6

Serial no. 11 12 13

Health & Life Health Review Healthy Life

Circulation per issue 14.2 12 12

33.2318

14

Health Guide

12

30.5

15

12

25.86 20

16 17

Today Science & Technology Science in 24 Hours Automobile Planet

18 14.8859

18 19

Health Preserving Family Medicine

12 10.88

14.47

20

Little Copernicus

10

Healthy Life Medicine & Food Our Health Farmers’ Wealth Origin of Human

Journal name

12 12

Note: The journals are ordered by the Pinyin of journal names when the average circulation per issue is the same.

TAB. 3.4 – Average circulation per issue of popular science journals (P). P/10 000 copies 0 1000 Total

No. of journal 10 8 3 2 18 228

% 4.39 3.51 1.32 0.88 7.89 100.00

TAB. 3.6 – Distribution income of popular science journals (D). D/100 000 yuan 0 < D ≤ 100 100 < D ≤ 200 200 < D ≤ 300 300 < D ≤ 400 400 < D ≤ 500 500 < D ≤ 600

No. of journal

%

122 41 14 11 8 2

55.46 18.64 6.36 5.00 3.64 0.91

D/100 000 yuan 600 < D ≤ 700 700 < D ≤ 800 800 < D ≤ 900 900 < D ≤ 1000 D > 1000 Total

No. of journal

%

5 2 2 1 12 220

2.27 0.91 0.91 0.45 5.45 100.00

Health, etc. which have distribution income over 10 million yuan. There are 163 journals with distribution income under 2 million yuan, accounting for 74.09% (see table 3.6).

3.1.2.1.5.3 Advertisement Data of Popular Science Journals. Most popular science journals run the advertisement themselves. Among the 222 valid data, 143 journals run advertisement themselves, accounting for 64.42%; 53 journals choose to combine self-operation and agency for advertisement, accounting for 23.87%; and 26 journals choose to use agents to run advertisement, accounting for 11.71%. Among the 129 valid data with advertisement income, 9 journals have advertisement income of over 5 million yuan each, accounting for 6.98%. These include 7 journals such as Car Owners, Car, Motor Trend, and Auto Sports, and other two journals – Chinese National Geography and China Glasses Science-Technology Magazine. These journals have a high level of marketization and have created brand effect in areas of distribution, advertisement, branding activities, and new media. They base themselves on the industry, actively utilize resources to plough deep in the market, and generate good benefits from advertisement. 94 journals have advertisement income equal to or lower than 1 million yuan. With the development of internet and challenges from new media, popular science journals are exploring actively new income models, as well as seeking for advertisement income. 3.1.2.1.5.4 Other Income Data for Popular Science Journals. With the fast pace of media integration, an increasing number of popular science journals start to attach great importance to new media. They use the power of new media to expand sources and channels for income, during the continuous strategic modification and innovative reforms.

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165

Their income is no longer restricted to distribution and advertisement. Income from new media, project activities, and copyright has also become important elements to journal income. This makes the income structure of popular science journals more diversified. Among the 120 popular science journals with other types of income, 32 journals including Origin of Human Being, Family Doctor, Aomi Pictorial, Ocean & Fishery, China Glasses Science-Technology Magazine, Science in 24 Hours, Motorcycle Information, Discover, and Space Exploration have other income exceeding 1 million yuan. In addition, 4 journals – Science Fiction World, Urban Environment Design, Chinese National Geography, and Car Owners have other income exceeding 10 million yuan. In terms of new media income, 39 journals filled in their information about new media income and the income per journal is 2 079 400 yuan, exceeding the average advertisement income per journal (1 756 800 yuan). In terms of copyright income, 30 popular science journals have copyright income. Popular Science journals such as Juvenile Science Pictorial, Knowledge is Power, Special Economic Animal & Plant, Automobile & Parts, Encyclopedic Knowledge, and Sichuan Cuisine have very good performance in generating copyright income. Longevity and Health Preserving have overseas copyright income. New Rural Technology and Consumer Electronics Magazine have copyright exporting income. In terms of annual profit, among the 242 valid journal data, 59 journals have negative profit, 32 journals have 0 profit, and 151 journals have positive profit. The average profit per journal is 479 400 yuan. In the era of media integration, with the enhanced sense of business operation and integrated development, more popular science journals expand into the areas of new media, copyright, and project activities, explore new business models, and seek for new economic growth point.

3.1.2.2

Facts on Media Integration of Popular Science Journals

The ease of reading and interaction anywhere at any time, is the characteristic of communications in the time of media integration. In the era of media integration, the boundaries of traditional media and new media are not clearly visible any more. In order to speed up the pace of media integration, popular science journals continue to explore and practice.

3.1.2.2.1 Investment in New Media by Popular Science Journals In terms of staff allocation, more than half of popular science journals filled in information about new media staff. Among the 135 valid data for journals, 91.85% of popular science journals have 1–5 new media staff. Journals such as Motor Trend and Medicine & Food Reference each have 6 new media staff. Security Today, Motorcycle Information, and Car Market Guide each have 7 new media staff. Aerospace World and Car Owners each have 8 new media staff; Chinese National Geography, Family Doctor, Green China, and Youth Science Park each have over 10 new media staff. In terms of financial investment, 52 popular science journals have expansion of new media business, accounting for 20.08% of the 259 journals. The financial investment in new

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166

media per journal is 526 000 yuan. There are 7 journals with an investment of over 1 million yuan each.

3.1.2.2.2 Entry into New Media Platforms and Development According to 2019 annual statistics, 20.85% of popular science journals entered into third-party platforms for news and videos (see figure 3.9). Among the 54 valid data for journals, each journal entered 4.6 platforms on average. The highest record is Car Owners. It entered 15 third-party platforms. CNKI, CQVIP.COM, QIKAN.COM.CN are not the major channels for access to popular science journals any more. Entering into a new platform and setting up an account has become the new channel for popular science journals to take on online communications and dissemination. Apart from Weibo and WeChat public account that we are familiar with, news platforms such as Toutiao, Baijiahao, Particle News, and NetEase, video platforms such as IQiYi, Tudou, Youku, etc., live streaming platforms such as YI, Nanfang Plus, etc., specialized platforms such as CN-health, Autohome, and short-video platforms such as TikTok, and Kwai, are all places that popular science journals actively enter into. 3.1.2.2.2.1 Website Building. According to statistics, among the 259 popular science journals, 97 journals confirmed that they have their own website domain. According to data of 77 journals with valid website annual hits data, 41.56% of journals have 10 000– 100 000 annual hits (see table 3.7). The websites of Bowu and Chinese National Geography each have over 100 million annual hits. The website of Computer Fan has annual hits of over 10 million. Green Living and EVO each have website hits of 5 million and 6.6 million. Auto Fan, Car Market Guide, Farm Machinery, Sichuan Cuisine, and Auto Motor & Sport each have website hits of over a million.

30

27.78

Percentage %

25 20 14.81

15 11.11 9.26

10

9.26 7.40

5

3.70

3.70

3.70

3.70 1.85

1.85

10

12

1.85

0 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

13

15

No. of journals

FIG. 3.9 – Data of popular science journals’ entry into third-party news and video platforms.

Trends of Development of China’s Popular Science Journals

167

TAB. 3.7 – Annual website hits of popular science journals. Hits 0 < hits ≤ 1000 1000 < hits ≤ 10 000 10 000 < hits ≤ 100 000

No. of journal 5 16 32

% 6.49 20.78 41.56

Hits Hits > 100 000 Total

No. of journal 24 77

% 31.17 100.00

3.1.2.2.2.2 Weibo Development. Weibo is an open social platform for popular science journals to conduct demonstrations, publicity and interactions. Weibo most-searched hashtags have become a quick and easy way for people to get access to hot topics. Up until 2019, among the 112 valid data for journals, 91.97% of popular science journals have set up at least 1 Weibo account (see figure 3.10). Weibo account followers can directly reflect the popularity of and the level of attention to the popular science journals. Among the 113 journals that filled in the data on Weibo followers, the top 10 journals each have over 700 000 followers. They cover areas including astronomy, geography, automobile, and electronics. Up until June 23rd 2020, the number of followers of the official Weibo account of Bowu – “Bowu Magazine” has reached 12.16 million (see table 3.8). 3.1.2.2.2.3 WeChat Development. WeChat has become an instant communication tool we use daily. A WeChat public account is a necessary tool for traditional journals to expand into the new media area. There are 161 popular science journals that set up at least 1 WeChat public account, accounting for 62.16% of the total 259 journals (see figure 3.11). According to statistics of 159 valid journal data, 38.36% of popular science journals have 10 000–100 000 subscribers to their WeChat public account, and 35.85% of journals have 1000–10 000 subscribers to the WeChat public account. There are 21 WeChat public accounts that have over 100 000 subscribers each. Among them, 2 journals have over 1 million subscribers each to their WeChat public account (see table 3.9). For example,

6 .2 5 %

0 .8 9 % 0 .8 9 %

1 weibo account 2 weibo accounts 3 weibo accounts 9 1 . 9 7% 4 weibo accounts

FIG. 3.10 – Data on no. of Weibo account of popular science journals.

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168

TAB. 3.8 – Weibo followers of popular science journals. No. of follower 0 < follower ≤ 100 100 < follower ≤ 1000 1000 < follower ≤ 10 000

No. of journal 4 15 25

%

No. of follower

3.54 10 000 < follower ≤ 100 000 13.27 Follower > 100 000 22.12 Total

No. of journal 34 35 113

% 30.09 30.98 100.00

1 .2 4 % 9 .3 2 %

1 WeChat account 2 WeChat accounts 8 9 .4 4 %

3 WeChat accounts

FIG. 3.11 – No. of WeChat public account for popular science journals. Family Doctor owns multiple public accounts including “Family Doctor”, “Preserving Health in 3 minutes”, “Chinese Family Doctor Health Communication”. They are working in collaboration to push science communication content, which covers health, nursing, medicine, food, health preserving, etc. The reads per article for WeChat public account articles reflect the quality of content. Those hot articles of popular science journals with over 100 000 reads were only achieved through excellent topic selection, vivid language, scientific rigor, timeliness, exquisite cover design, etc. Among the 21 popular science journals whose WeChat public account articles achieved annual reads of over 100 000, 13 journals’ WeChat public accounts each had 1–10 articles with over 100 000 reads, accounting for 61.90% of the total. 6 journals had 11–100 articles with over 100 000 reads each, accounting for 28.57%. 2 journals had over 100 articles with over 100 000 reads each, accounting for 9.52%. Popular science journals with a good number of most-read articles include Digital Video Times Magazine, Motorcycle, Auto Fan, Micro Computer, Knowledge is Power, Upgrade Your Life, Chinese National Geography, Green Living, Aerospace Knowledge, and Cancer Frontier.

3.1.2.2.2.4 App Development. In the era of media integration, in the term “2 wes and 1 end”, the “end” refers to the user end of App, meaning mobile applications. Apps are like mobile mini-websites, with more emphasis on user experience. Compared to WeChat public account, an App can realize more complicate needs and functions. Apart from content push,

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169

TAB. 3.9 – Subscriber data on WeChat public accounts of popular science journals. No. of subscriber 0 < subscriber ≤ 1000 1000 < subscriber ≤ 10 000 10 000 < subscriber ≤ 100 000

No. of journal 20 57 61

%

No. of subscriber

12.58 Subscriber > 100 000 35.85 Total 38.36

No. of journal 21 159

% 13.21 100.00

popular science journals can use mobile Apps to realize user services, and other interactive functions. According to 2019 annual statistics, 30 popular science journals have their own Apps, among which 26 journals have 1 App, accounting for 86.67% of the 30 journals. Science Review for Juvenile has 4 Apps, Science Fairy Tales has 3 Apps, China Auto Pictorial has 2 Apps. On the aspect of App downloads, among the 24 popular science journals that provided data for App downloads, 5 journals each have downloads within 1000 (including 1000), 3 journals have 1010–10 000 downloads (including 10 000), 10 journals have 10 000–100 000 downloads (including 100 000), and 6 journals have over 100 000 downloads (see table 3.10). The number of active users reflects the operations of an App. Among the 32 popular science journals, 18 journals have active users within 10 000, accounting for 56.25% of the total; and 7 journals, including Chinese National Geography, have over 100 000 active users, accounting for 21.88%. In recent years, a large number of new media platforms emerged one after another. Apart from websites, Weibo, WeChat, and Apps, there are many new media platforms that focus on niche markets. Examples are TikTok and Kwai for short-videos, Yi for live streaming, Dayu Hao, Zhihu and Toutiao for entertainment. Following that popular science journals are keeping up with the trends of the times and keep expanding into the new media area to speed up the media integration.

TAB. 3.10 – Top 10 popular science journals ranked by App downloads. Ranking 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Journal name Bowu (Chinese National Geography) Car Market Guide China Auto Pictorial Micro Computer Car & Driver Auto Fan Upgrade Your Life Green China Care & Health Farm Machinery

App name Chinese National Geography Car Market Guide China Auto Pictorial Micro Computer Car & Driver Auto Fan Upgrade Your Life GreenChina.TV Care & Health Crop

Downloads 10 million 5 million 180 000 160 000 150 000 100 000 80 000 61 000 60 000 40 000

170

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3.1.2.2.3 New Media Operations According to 2019 annual statistics, 39 popular science journals launched e-business. Dangdang, Taobao, Jingdong, WeChat Service Accounts can all help journals realize online sales. Aerospace Knowledge sells a variety of aerospace models, literature and creative products through their WeChat service account “AeroKnowledge YouShop”. Among 39 data with valid information on new media operations, the average new media income is 2 079 400 yuan per journal. 33 journals have new media income of over 1 million yuan each, accounting for 84.62%. Popular science journals with new media income of over 1 million yuan include Car Owners, Family Doctor, Popular Science, Green China, China Auto Pictorial, and Science in 24 Hours. Among them, Car Owners has new media income of over 10 million yuan. In addition, Knowledge is Power, Ocean World, China Glasses Science-Technology Magazine, and Auto, Motor & Sport all have good performance in new media operations. 3.1.2.3

New Media Communication of Other STM Journals

Apart from popular science journals, other STM journals are also entering the new media field, mostly in order to conduct science communication at a larger scale. To provide reference for popular science journals to develop integrated media, this Chapter also provides statistics of other STM journals on new media communication. Among the 4705 STM journals, 237 journals filled in their information about their entries into platforms. 46.42% of the journals entered into third-party news and video new media platforms, and 8.02% of the STM journals entered into over 5 new media platforms. In addition to platforms such as CNKI, Wanfang Data, QCVIP etc. that focus on academic content, there are other new media platforms for the general public. 12 journals entered TikTok, 74 journals entered Today’s Headlines, 17 journals entered Tencent, 12 journals entered Baijia Hao, 4 journals entered Weibo, and 3 journals entered Himalaya FM (see figure 3.12). On the aspect of Weibo operation, among the 418 valid data for journals which filled in information on their Weibo followers, 76.56% of the STM journals each have followers within 10 000. On the aspect of WeChat public account operation, among the 2025 valid data on journals who provided their WeChat public account follower information, STM journals with subscribers to WeChat public account within 10 000 account for 81.28%, and journals with over 100 000 subscribers account for 2.12% (see table 3.11). Noteworthy is that academic journals and technical journals such as International Eye Science, Metal Working, Construction Technology, and Chinese Nursing Management each have over 300 000 subscribers. Among the STM journals that use new media for science communication, the WeChat public account of Metal Working and China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica are very typical examples. They created many articles of original science communication content, and communicate very sincere scientific knowledge to the general public in various ways. Metal Working launched 3 WeChat public accounts, including “Metal Working”, “Machinist & Machine Tools”, and “Machinist & Knives”. According to 2019 annual statistics, the 3 pubic accounts have 600 000 total subscribers, and 10 000 reads per article. “Metal Working” collects content for news, technology, products and market, providing all kinds of knowledge in the field of metalwork. Up until July 27th 2020, it has pushed 672

Trends of Development of China’s Popular Science Journals

171

60

46.42

Percentage %

40

20 13.92

15.61 11.39 8.02 4.64

0 1

2

3 4 No. of platforms

5

>5

FIG. 3.12 – Percentage of STM journals’ (excluding popular science journals) entry into third-party news & video platforms. TAB. 3.11 – Subscribers to STM journal WeChat public account. No. of subscriber 1 < subscriber ≤ 1000 1000 < subscriber ≤ 10 000 10 000 < subscriber ≤ 100 000

No. of journal 795 851 336

%

No. of subscriber

39.26 Subscriber > 100 000 42.03 Total 16.59

No. of journal 43 2025

% 2.12 100.00

original articles. “Machinist & Machine Tools” focuses on machinery products, machine technology, and machine operating techniques. Up until July 2020, it has pushed over 400 original articles. “Machinist & Knives” focuses on information on technologies, products, and markets of machine tools and knives. Up until July 27th 2020, “Machinist & Knives” has created 430 original articles. It’s worth mentioning that these 3 public accounts have provided multiple interactive services for users, and have launched online shopping and e-business. China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica launched 2 WeChat public accounts. They are “China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica” and “Run! TCM”. “China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica” pushes daily content on authoritative TCM polices, as well as content on academic, industrial, cultural, and health preserving consulting aspects. It aims to build the most reliable platform for TCM knowledge dissemination. Up until July 27th 2020, it has pushed 1362 original articles, most of which are science communication content, including popular science fictions, popular science pictorials, and animations. In addition, it also provides interactive services and e-business services such as journal reading, online search, and discussion forums. “Run! TCM” gathers knowledge on TCM research, industry, market, culture, science communication, health preserving, and positions itself to connect demand and supply and build a knowledge platform. According to 2019 annual statistics, the 2 WeChat public accounts of China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica have 190 000 total subscribers, with 3800 reads per article.

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On the aspect of App operation, according to the statistics of 611 valid data for STM journals, journals with 10 000 active users account for 74.14% of all STM journals, and 34 STM journals have over 100 000 active users (see table 3.12). In the top 10 list by App downloads, Chinese Journal of Sensors & Actuators, Construction Machinery, Acta Ecologica Sinica, Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae, Fudan University Journal of Medical Sciences, Journal of Chengdu University (Nature Science Edition), Polymer Bulletin, Acta Entomologica Sinica, and Journal of Astronautics all have over 300 000 downloads each. In summary, the era of media integration has come and the boundaries among different media have become blurred. Popular science journals’ development in the field of new media, from the investment of resources, platform construction, to the operation income, is showing a good trend and indicating more possibilities for the future. At the same time, in the environment of “universal science popularization”, popular science journals can learn from other communication methods while improving the journal’s inner quality, and collaborate with other academic journals and technical journals as “teammates” in the tides and waves of integrated media development.

3.2

Case Studies of Popular Science Journals

3.2.1

Case Studies of High-Quality Content and All-Media Integrated Development

3.2.1.1

Popular Science: Integrated Innovations Based on High-Quality Content

Popular Science, catering to juvenile audience, follows closely the development of times, and focuses on the key point of “integrated innovation”. It proposed the idea of “based on content, led by technology, integrated for innovation and development”. It utilizes the journal’s own high-quality content and brand influence, integrates with internet platforms, and creates diversified ways for content presentation and communication. Hence it realizes the multi-industry integration of “journal plus”, with “1 + 1 > 2” effect. The journal’s influence is greatly improved.

3.2.1.1.1 Application of AR Technology Since 2016, Popular Science has started working with relevant institutions to produce a 4D version of Popular Science for elementary students of Grade 3–6. This built a fantasy world that combines reality with virtual reality, using AR technology (augmented reality). The print journal has transformed into content that provides 4D interactive experience, and realized a great leap from traditional print publication to digital publication. The application TAB. 3.12 – Active users of STM journal Apps. No. of users 1 < user ≤ 1000 1000 < user ≤ 10 000 10 000 < user ≤ 100 000

No. of journal 248 205 124

% 40.59 33.55 20.30

No. of users User > 100 000 Total

No. of journal 34 611

% 5.56 100.00

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of AR technology has also made Popular Science become “alive”. The content previously presented using graphics and words has now become more vivid and dimensional. Hence it breaks the restriction of print space. When the graphics, web links, audios, videos, 3D models, and panorama demonstrations are interacting with each other and presenting content together, it makes the young children feel they are in the actual environment. They can acquire more knowledge through the senses of hearing, seeing, feeling, and movements. In Feb 2019, Popular Science won “Outstanding Content Award” in the First National Excellent AR Digital Children Newspapers and Publication Production Competition.

3.2.1.1.2 Audible Science Fairy Tales In order to help children get out of the boring and tedious traditional reading mode, Popular Science – Little Nobel took the lead to apply the audio technology and QR code to journals, and built a highly popular column of original popular science audible fairy tales “Grace”. Children can not only read the stories but also listen to the stories, by scanning the QR code in the article. In every issue, one story is selected to illustrate the interesting scientific knowledge behind the phenomenon in the story. It balances fun and science. The application of audio technology and QR code enables the young audience (and the parents) to listen to beautiful science stories by just scanning the QR code, and at the same time liberating the children’s eyes. In addition, the technology can choose different voices for the audience based on the text content, different roles and context. Hence it creates a three-dimensional reading experience through “voice”. In Nov 2018, the project “Case Study of Media Integration based on AR technology & audible reading materials” submitted by Popular Science was nominated Outstanding Case Study of 2018 Jiangsu Province Newspaper & Magazine Media Integration. 3.2.1.1.3 Online Experiments Video Education “STEAM Science Micro Class” is a column of fun experiments for children, launched by Popular Science – Little Nobel (STEAM: science, technology, engineering, art, mathematics). It aims to cultivate children’s hands-on ability and spirit of scientific exploration. In every issue, there is a hands-on experiment for children, which is full of fun. In order for children to see directly the process and effects of the experiment, the editors prepared videos for each experiment. When one scans the QR code, the videos of the experiments are instantly available on the internet. 3.2.1.1.4 Popular Science Animation Video + Print Version “Little Nobel Loves Science” is an original popular science animation column created for the elementary school students, produced by Popular Science – Little Nobel. From the text content to the vivid animation, the publishing house has always emphasized originality. Since 2005, over 100 original animations have been created. In 2018, “Little Nobel Loves Science” was nominated 2018 “Power of Originality” – China’s Original Animation Publication Support Plan and finally won the funding. 3.2.1.1.5 Integration with “Popular Science Cloud” Information Service System The Jiangsu “Popular Science Cloud” information service system constructed by Popular Science publishing house, is a system that integrates “big screen for science communication,

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WeChat public account, mobile App, and huikex.com”. The cloud information service system has taken effects. Currently, big screens for science communication have covered 1650 cities, towns, and communities in northern Jiangsu, and around 300 cities, towns, communities, and schools in southern Jiangsu and central Jiangsu. The number of followers to the WeChat public account and the downloads of its App keep increasing. The monthly hits of www.huikex.com remain at the level of 100 000 and above. The audience of the science communication by “Popular Science Cloud” is mostly teenagers and children. In the information service system of “Popular Science Cloud”, one can click to access the full text of articles in Popular Science. It gives timely updates and provides a new platform for young people and children to read.

3.2.1.2

Knowledge is Power: All-Media Integrated Development to Push for Journal Transformation

With the care from the Chinese Communist Party (CPC) and state leaders, and under the guidance from the CPC Central Committee of China Association for Science & Technology (CAST), in Jan 2014, Knowledge is Power had an overall reconstruction and went on the journey of integrated media development through integrating traditional media with new media. The newly constructed Knowledge is Power established editorial board which organizes publications under the management of board of directors. It successfully built an all-media platform where the print version, mobile version, online version, digital version, and micro version (Wkan) interact with each other, multiple language versions are accessible, and the Weibo, WeChat, Wkan, website, online and offline science popularization activities are interacting with each other. All these jointly provide scientific knowledge that is “inspiring, interesting, useful, and beneficial”. The journal has been considered the practitioner of informatization of science popularization initiated by CAST and has achieved the initial phase of results. Knowledge is Power publishes in Chinese language and Chinese–Tibetan language. It sticks to the correct direction of journal operation, and reports major scientific and technological events in China. Its columns – “Special Plan” and “Explore & Discover” – communicate to teenagers, disseminate the major and national hot topics in science and technology, and teach professional and systematic scientific knowledge. It complies with the principle of seeking truth, disseminates true science, reveals false science, and improves the general public’s scientific literacy. For example, in the Chinese version of “Special Plan” in 2019, the 11th issue in 2019 reported “those shiny names in China”, which tells the stories of scientists who had won national honors. The 4th issue in 2020 reported the spirit of China’s space industry and presented a grand feast of scientific knowledge and beneficial nutrition to the teenagers. In the Tibetan language version of “Special Plan” in 2019, the March Issue and May Issue in 2019, reported the latest scientific expedition results on geology and meteorology of Tibetan Plateau. The September Issue reported the difficulties in protecting the endangered animals and plants in Tibetan Plateau. For many years, Knowledge is Power has been focusing on the development of all-media integration. It based itself on the print version, responded actively to the changes in the communication environment, pushed for the integrated development of traditional and new media, and constructed new content product system. For example, it conducted an interactive program “Knowledge Power Mini Radio” which has print journal interacting

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with media. This program resorts to its many years of content resources, collaborates with famous radio hosts, scientific advisory teams, and young science anchors, and develops “Knowledge Power Mini Radio”. It integrated the print version content with new media and realized the secondary value addition of resources. “Knowledge Power Mini Radio” conducted interactive activities between the journal and the media, and was the mobile online learning platform fully demonstrating the interactions and integration of journals and media. It developed “Biology Mini Class” and “Frontier Science Mini Class”, as well the online videos of “Knowledge is Power CSTM Lecture Hall” (China Science & Technology Museum). It also actively promotes communication on the micro-platform of Knowledge is Power, and applies journal-media interactions into audience services and science popularization informatization. Knowledge is Power has also utilized its team’s advantage in publication and communication to plan and publish the “Special Issue for 70th Anniversary of PRC – 70 Years of Science & Technology Glory”, funded by the journal of Publicity Department of the CPC Central Committee – “Celebrate 70th Anniversary of the Founding of PRC”; the First Session World S&T Development Forum Special Issue funded by CAST Department of Academic & Societies Affairs; the media integration program “Beauty – Chinese Female Scientist” funded by CAST Department of Organization & Personnel; and “Tibetan and Mandarin Bilingual Original Popular Science Content Development”, funded by Tibet Association for Science & Technology. These programs have provided diversified reading methods for the audience. In the past few years, Knowledge is Power developed new media business from zero ground, and has established official accounts on major websites including Tencent, Netease, Sohu, Baidu, Today’s Headlines, etc. The accumulative number of followers to its micro-platform is 1.45 million, and the forwards reached out to 1.3 billion people. The download volume of its new media journal was 2.72 million copies. It built the “response mechanism of science communication on mobile internet”, which has topped the industrial ranking lists multiple times based on statistics of industrial portals such as Tencent, Today’s Headlines, Netease, Sohu, etc.

3.2.1.3

Science Pictorial: Integrate Products to Improve the Core Value of Traditional Popular Science Journals

Science Pictorial is the comprehensive popular science journal with the longest history in China. It was established in 1933 by China’s Society for Science. During the decades of development, it introduced latest science and technology knowledge using common language, interesting and vivid text and graphics, and has inspired generations of young people to choose the career of science research. Many contemporary famous scientists have been influenced and inspired by Science Pictorial during their teenage years. Science Pictorial always prioritizes science popularization, and develops content of science popularization on the basis of its high quality content. In the new environment, it enhances the creation and production of science popularization content in various formats. In recent years, Science Pictorial worked hard to push the construction of all-media platform for science popularization, in order to realize the in-depth integration of traditional and new media in content, channel, platform and management.

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3.2.1.3.1 Online Audio Science Popularization Lectures These lectures originate from the program funded by Shanghai Press & Publication Administration: “Listen! Let Kids Fall in Love with Science – Integrated Product Models to Improve Traditional Popular Science Journals’ Core Value”. It consists of 12 special topics and 60 lectures. Each lecture is presented mainly in audio form, for 6 min. The forms include science stories and Q&A. After the program concluded, the editorial office cooperated with Himalaya FM to redevelop and package the lectures, and then launched the popular science classes for kids – Uncle Science How Things Work. 3.2.1.3.2 Digital Lectures for Science Popularization Science Pictorial developed a series of digital lectures – “Here comes the Big Shot”. In this program, academicians and other famous scientists introduce the frontier scientific and research results to teenagers. The academicians and other famous scientists record science popularization videos which are then launched on various multi-media platforms after post-production. The videos not only demonstrate all-around scientific knowledge, rigorous scientific logic but also pay attention to the artistic form of content presentation. The frontier science is communicated to teenagers in interesting, solid, and elegant ways. The program integrated the science popularization resources of Science Pictorial to conduct collaborative promotions both online and offline. 3.2.1.3.3 Integrated Media Column for Popularizing Science & Technology Results Science Pictorial launched an integrated media column called “Picking Jewels in the Sea of Science”. It reports major science & technology achievements in series. These reports communicate the major science and technology achievements to the public in ways easy to understand. Science Pictorial uses its media integration resources including WeChat, Weibo, Toutiao Hao, Netease Hao, etc. to recreate and develop new products from the print-version articles, and conducts integrated media promotions. When conducting the integrated online media promotions, it attaches importance to the scientific quality and artistic quality, and combines them with the features of new media communications.

3.2.2

Case Studies of Journals’ Industrialization, Clustering, and Co-development with Other Media Through Mutual Learning

3.2.2.1

Aerospace Knowledge: Commercialization of Science Popularization Content, and Integration with Academic Journals and Other Media Through Mutual Learning

3.2.2.1.1

Prioritize Quality of Content, and Rebuild the Philosophy of Journal Operation Faced with challenges from new media, Aerospace Knowledge followed the changes of media environment and the readers’ reading habits. It repositioned itself for the audience and produced high-quality content based on the new positioning – premium planning, premium design, and premium services.

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3.2.2.1.2 Integrated Development with New Media In recent years, apart from traditional print journals, Aerospace Knowledge has made great achievements in the exploration in the field of new media. It has built new media of WeChat, Weibo, TikTok, Toutiao, Netease, the Paper, Yidian, Dayu, Learning Power, Tencent video, etc. Its WeChat public account has become one of the most influential public accounts in the field of aeronautics and aerospace. It played a more important role than the print version in reporting the major events in aerospace and aeronautics industry. In addition to generating many articles with over 100 000 reads, it also produces many original articles and graphics which have been forwarded by central government media including People’s Daily, Xinhua News Agency, CCTV.com, Reference News, etc. Aerospace Knowledge also led other journals published by its publishing house to be the first popular science journals on the “Learning Power” platform. The number of hits on the Toutiao Hao of Aerospace Knowledge has exceeded 10 million per month. Within the first 3 months of TikTok account of Aerospace Knowledge going online, it made 200 million hits, and the most read video had over 100 million hits. The above mentioned practices of integrated new media development of Aerospace Knowledge have enabled the increase in its number of readers: from the tier of 100 000 for print version, to the tier of tens of millions of reads per year for WeChat public account, to the tier of hundreds of millions of reads per year for Toutiao (Today’s Headlines), and further to the tier of billions of hits on TikTok. This has greatly expanded the communication efficiency and range of audience for science popularization, thereby improving the journal influence. In addition, facilitated by the well-developed product operation functions of WeChat public account services, Aerospace Knowledge has also achieved good results in its new media operation. It has realized an increase rate of above 50% in the recent 3 years’ revenue. 3.2.2.1.3 Mutual Learning & Co-development with Academic Journals Academic journals and popular science journals have both played very important roles in aspects of promoting scientific and technology innovations, and enhancing science popularization. Aerospace Knowledge and Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica belong to the same journal type, hence they share content resources, establish the editorial board jointly, build communication platforms together, co-educate editorial talents, and collaborate to conduct journal activities. These actions have boosted science and technology innovations and science popularization[9]. 3.2.2.1.4 Integrated Development with Public Media Among the STM journals, even for popular science journals with a large size of audience, the most extensive communication channels of science and technology are still public media, including broadcasting, television, and newspapers. Since 2011, Aerospace Knowledge’s 9 editors and journalists have worked with over 20 public media throughout China including the major TV stations such as CCTV, Phoenix TV, Dragon TV, BTV, Hunan Satellite TV, Zhejiang Satellite TV, Shenzhen Satellite TV, and Liaoning Satellite TV, radio stations such as China National Radio, China Radio International, and Radio Beijing Corporation, and website portals such as Netease, Sina, and Tencent. The

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number of programs produced by or produced with support from Aerospace Knowledge each year on public media exceeds 100. This has made substantial contributions to the science communication of aeronautic and astronautic knowledge to the general public.

3.2.2.1.5 Commercialization of Popular Science Journal Content Aerospace Knowledge, with its over 60 years of brand history and content, owns the top quality resources. Based on its unique features, Aerospace Knowledge digs deeper into its resources, and explores its transformation in the aspects of content productization and pan-brand operation. Based on its many years of content resources and author resources, it published a series of popular science books in aerospace and aeronautics fields. Based on its profound understanding of the readers and supporters’ preferences, it designed and developed cultural and creative products for the selected group of audience and sold them on the new media platforms of the journal. The income from those cultural and creative products has doubled for years in a row. Aerospace Knowledge utilized its expert resources, in co-operation with Chinese Society of Aeronautics & Astronautics of CAST, and CAST branches in different regions, to conduct science communication lectures of aerospace and aeronautical knowledge. Those lectures reached to tens of thousands of audience each year. It produced many sessions of “International Aviation Painting Contest” China Section, “Innovation Cup” and “Hongdu Cup” National Future Aircraft Design Contest. These have all become very influential aviation contests in China. 3.2.2.1.6 Cultivation of Multi-Skilled Editorial Talents Facing the new situation of integrated media development, Aerospace Knowledge has been focusing on the cultivation of multi-skilled editorial talents who can adapt to traditional print media, public media, new media and cultural and creative work. This has achieved positive results. The journal has not only created some science popularization “celebrities” that are well known to the society but also cultivated a group of all-media talent team that can write, edit, give lectures, broadcast, and host activities. 3.2.2.2

Family Doctor: Put Users in the Center, and Integrate with New Media and Health Industry

During development in recent years, Family Doctor sticks to the basic principle: firstly, the content format shall upgrade and change, and the changes shall be from “editors in the center” to “users in the center”. Wherever the users go, the content of the journal shall follow. Secondly, traditional media shall actively integrate with new media and science popularization of health knowledge shall integrate with the health industry. This will discover more business models and income-generating models. After reviewing these ideas, the journal publishing house explores in various directions and practices in different aspects.

3.2.2.2.1 Integrate with New Media for Development In 2016, Family Doctor organized a new media team and officially entered the “ecosystem” of WeChat. At the same time, it also entered third-party platforms such as Today’s Headlines, Daily Express, Dongfanghao, Dayuhao, Baijiahao, etc. The efforts aim to

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achieve tens of millions of fans to its array of media channels. The different accounts on different platforms support and cooperate with each other. It also seeks innovations in content communication format. In addition to graphics and text in the public account, it also tried other forms such as cartoon strips, H5, audios and videos. Currently, the total number of fans to the array of public accounts increased from 500 000 to 7.60 million+ (up until June 2020). The income of new media Ads has doubled year on year and has exceeded the AD income from traditional media. Income generating models have become more diversified, including WeChat AD, copyright cooperation, e-business promotions, knowledge service, agency operation of public accounts, etc.

3.2.2.2.2 Integrate with Health Industry for Development Based on its own brand and content output advantages, with the support from external technology and channels, Family Doctor has developed a series of health products and services. It also tried to explore the areas of primary health care talent bank service platform, on-campus health communication platform, virtual health check management, cancer risk management, and professional channels knowledge services. 3.2.2.2.3 Establish an Array of Health Popularization Journals Even though the print version circulation has been decreasing widely, the journal operation team of Family Doctor had a thorough analysis and concluded that postal service is also the only effective and feasible distribution channel nationwide and it has a huge market and power, especially in the health market for middle-aged and elderly population. Therefore, on top of the main journal Family Doctor, they launched other 2 health popularization print journals with different positioning and style. Health Keeping in Good Health was established in 2013 and the target audience was middle-aged and elderly people. It introduces scientific ways to preserve health, and the content covers all aspects in life (clothing, cuisine, housing, travel, etc.). In 2018, Food & Health was established and its focus is “healthy diet”. It introduces food and culture with unique features, studies the currently popular food materials, and shares the recipes for healthy cuisine. To cooperate with the journal’s distribution, the Family Doctor team implemented the following measures: (A) All coverage on front-end. It applies the mass distribution strategy and expanded the front-line business staff to meet the needs of the extensive offline market, especially the middle-aged and elderly population. In 2019, it issued the plan of “National Top 500 County Distribution”. (B) Strong support on back-end. It organized lecturer teams and planning teams. The lecturers went deep into the cities and counties to conduct health lectures and support distribution. The planning team is responsible for designing a series of cultural and creative products. These measures have achieved great effect – even when the print journal circulation is widely decreasing, the circulation of Family Doctor keeps increasing. The distribution operation currently covers more than 210 county-level areas. The health popularization lecturers have conducted over 200 lectures. The planning team has created more than 10 cultural and creative products and brought substantial income.

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3.2.2.2.4 Publish Book Series for Medical Science Popularization Since 2016, Family Doctor has collaborated with Guangdong Medical Association to organize and compile the book series “See a Famous Doctor”. It was edited by the famous doctors in Lingnan regions and published by Sun Yat-sen University Publishing House. There is an independent book for every disease, with a combination of text and graphics. It has high levels of scientific content and readability. Examples are: Hypertension: See a Famous Doctor, Diabetes: See a Famous Doctor, Fatty Liver: See a Famous Doctor, Gout: See a Famous Doctor, Cervical Spondylopathy: See a Famous Doctor, Lung Cancer: See a Famous Doctor, Colorectal Carcinoma: See a Famous Doctor, Allergic Rhinitis: See a Famous Doctor, Male Infertility: See a Famous Doctor, Female Infertility: See a Famous Doctor, Alzheimer’s Disease: See a Famous Doctor, etc. 3.2.2.3

Car Owners: Build an Array of Media Tools and Seek for Transformation and Development Through Clustering Advantages

Car Owners, since its establishment, has been loyal to its principle of market-oriented journal operation. It keeps in mind its positioning in the journal market, and continues to improve the abilities in creative planning, industry interpretation, marketing and resource integration. In 2006, Car Owners launched a popular science journal called Top 4×4, which was based on its original “SUV column” and was positioned to be the first journal covering both SUVs and cross-country driving culture. Top 4×4 is developing well currently. Car Owners seeks to have brand extension, generate new journals, and develop new products and service models. It works to evolve itself from a content provider to service provider. Car Owners’ parent company – Prominion Publishing House has ploughed deep in the automobile industry for many years and has accumulated substantial industry and talent resources. Through many years of operation, Car Owners and Top 4×4 have become top brands in the industry with excellent word of mouth. Based on these 2 media platforms, the publishing house of Car Owners works to build an array of brands covering all media platforms, that have specialized automobile industry content as the center focus, supported by the new media platforms such as journals, Weibo, WeChat, short video platforms, live streaming, online and offline activities, e-business, member clubs, and on-campus open classes. The fast transformation of Car Owners has provided reference to other technical journals in automobile industry under the umbrella of Prominion Publishing House including Auto Driving & Service, Commercial Vehicle for their digital transformation. In the background of a new round of media integration, Car Owners has transformed from the original model of content generating around the audience, to the new model of developing products around users and customers’ needs. Through the addition of new technical staff and application of new technologies, the publishing house of Car Owners has transformed from the original journal publishing platform to the service provider of integrated marketing services, which provides profound services such as digital marketing through new technologies.

Trends of Development of China’s Popular Science Journals

3.2.3

Case Study: Create the Culture of Science Popularization, and Promote the Integrated Development of Science & Culture

3.2.3.1

Chinese National Geography and Bowu: Assembling the Power of Science and Humanity

181

Chinese National Geography sticks to its journal operation philosophy of “open the door of nature, disclose the essence of humanity”. In the past 70 years since its establishment, it has been focusing on “responsibility” and “innovation”, and created a very unique journal operation model of integrating geography with humanities, culture and science. Chinese National Geography is one of the color print journals with the largest domestic circulation volume. It has become a scientific media with the highest growth opportunity. Its media form has evolved from a single journal publishing house to an incorporated enterprise whose businesses include 3 print journals – Chinese National Geography, Chinese Heritage, Bowu – and new media, distribution, advertising, book publishing, movie and TV production, cultural and creative base, and scientific expeditions. The 3 print journals under the umbrella of Chinese National Geography–Chinese National Geography, Chinese Heritage, and Bowu – use a tiered and progressive publication design, and cover multiple age groups, in aspects from topic selection to content communication. It plays a key role in cultivating the evolving generations of audience. Using social networks, Chinese National Geography responds quickly to social hot topics and has gained very high degree of attention and favor from the fans. The hits of many topics and in-depth articles have reached hundreds of millions. The number of fans of Chinese National Geography and Bowu is above tens of millions each. The offline activities such as Chinese National Geography Grand Lecture Hall, Bowu on Campus, Scientific Expedition, have greatly enhanced the brand promotion and content impact of Chinese National Geography. Chinese National Geography has always had the world in mind for its market. In 2001, the traditional Chinese language version of Chinese National Geography was distributed in Taiwan China and overseas countries. In 2005, Rankings of Most Beautiful Places in China was sold throughout the world in 10 languages including English, French, Italian, German, and Russian. It was later selected as the official gift in Beijing Olympics and Guangzhou Asian Games. In 2008, the Traditional Chinese for Hong Kong and Macao went to the market. In 2009, the journal Chinese National Geography (English Edition) was established and the website and App for the overseas market was also online. Chinese National Geography has been actively participating in the international promotion and publication work. In 2012, during the London Book Fair, it organized a featured picture exhibition “Tracking the Hundred Years of Change”. In 2014, it published the picture album depicting China’s image – “Beautiful China” hosted by the State Council Information Office. In 2018, it finished the VR documentary “True Nature of China”, and broadcasted it worldwide. In addition, it also conducted large scale picture exhibitions in Potsdam in Germany, Sirilanka, Africa, etc. All these activities have allowed the world to better understand China. The publishing house has also launched the Chinese National Geography Intelligent Communication Initiative. The initiative is an integrated all-media communication project

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that systematically incorporates new content production, new technology application and new operation methods. It aims to realize personalized and intelligent all-time content communication and services, through diversified, segmented, and contextualized content planning. This initiative helps deepen the mechanism innovation, establishing well-developed system design and operation mechanism for content, technology, and product integration. It also creates good environment and conditions for the in-depth integration of traditional reading and digital reading. The Chinese National Geography Intelligent Communication Initiative will work on collaborating the traditional print journal and new media products, through the innovative products such as “journal App”, “most beautiful viewing and photo shooting spots”, “intangible cultural heritage”, “Chinese National Geography Photography Base”, and “Chinese National Geography Image Bank” to enrich the content resource channels and more sophisticated behavioral data, and lay a good foundation for the intelligent communication and services. In 2003, the science communication journal Chinese National Geography received very good market feedback and achieved great social and economic benefits. After the thorough consideration by the leaders of the publishing house, a new popular science journal was organized to target the teenagers as the main audience – the younger version of Chinese National Geography – later named Bowu Magazine. Bowu was created in Jan 2004, and its core audience was teenagers around adolescent period (senior years if elementary school to junior and high school). It integrates scientific media theories into the science communication and advocates getting close to nature, to broaden the knowledge and scope. Its journal operation philosophy is “learning creates dreams, and knowledge changes lives” and it leads the readers to “travel for thousands of miles, see the scenery for all seasons, read thousands of books, and aspire to be great”. Based on the platform of Chinese National Geography, after over 10 years of hard work, Bowu has established a well-grounded “all-media strategy”. The first element of the strategy is print media. Bowu caters to students of all ages and distributes over 400 000 copies each issue on average (year 2020) which has made huge influence on campus. The second element is a new media platform based on Weibo and WeChat public account. The new media platform of Bowu has over tens of millions of users and it has become a base for science communication in new media field. The third element is its service platform that integrates cultural & creative content, cultural & travel content, and lectures. The mature brands include “Bowu Travel”, “Bowu Class”, and “Bowu Mini Museum”. There are 3 types of products in the new media field of Bowu: First, Weibo official account. Currently, the official account “Bowu” has around 12 million followers (up until June 2020). The followers are very active and the account has won Sina’s Weibo Most Influential Award for many times. It also launched other accounts for the brand, such as Bowu Xiao Guan. Second, official WeChat account “Bowu” (pushes content); “Bowu Class” (pushes activities), and service account (sells products and services). Third, other new media accounts. They are now on platforms including TikTok, bilibili, Himalaya FM, etc. Bowu Magazine, no matter in print version or new media version, sticks to the principle of “content as top priority”, and provides valuable content, high quality products and services to the audience in various fields. Take the official Weibo account for example, it has relatively high influence among the new media. It answers questions from the readers on

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biological inspection, and sometimes questions about gossips on some hot topics on the internet. At the same time, it publishes original science popularization articles, and keeps high frequency of interactions with the readers. In terms of its content style, it has found a suitable way to adapt to the internet environment and easy for communication.

3.2.3.2

Radio & iRobot: Lead the Maker Culture

The journal Radio has been leading the maker culture since its establishment in 1955. During the past 65 years, it has published around 700 issues. “Sow the seeds” for improving the national scientific literacy, has always been the mission for Radio for generations. Radio is the first popular science journal on radio and electronic technology, after the founding of PRC. Ever since the first publication of this journal, it has been the hottest thing among the readers. It has the features of “creative, practical, easy to understand, rigorous, scientific, and informative”. It also takes challenges of new technologies and technological reforms, and pushed the development and popularization of radio technology in China. Generations of teenagers have been inspired by this journal and taken into the vast and fancy world of radio electronics technology. Generations of technicians have also benefited from it and called it “friend and teacher”, or “timely help”. In 1981, Radio opened up distribution and the volume reached 1.97 million copies, which set up the record and created the miracle in the history of China’s journal distribution. Radio has tried clustering development since the 90s. It incubated 3 journals – Sounding Equipment, Modern Communication, and iRobot – from the columns Sounding Equipment DIY, Amateur Radio Communications, Robots and Maker Education. The sub-journals were all created to respond to the changes with time and readers’ needs. It helps the journal to plough deeply into the vertically segmented fields and expand the audience group. In recent years, the State Council issued “Plan for the New Generation of AI Development”; Ministry of Industry & Information Technology issued the “3-year Action Plan of New Generation of AI Industry Development 2018–2020”; and Ministry of Education issued “Guidelines for Elementary, middle & high school comprehensive social practice and classes” and “Educational Informatization V2.0 Action Plan”, both raised very clear requirements for teenagers to know about and learn AI related knowledge. Radio was very keen on following the guidance of the policies. It utilized its current resources – the two columns of Robot & Maker Education, as well as the group of long-term readers of these 2 columns, developed a sub-journal for the teenagers aged between 8 and 16. It is named iRobot, which is the first domestic and original technical popularization journal on robots. IRobot was established in July and it follows the STEAM/maker education philosophy to extend its content to the areas of robots, intelligent hardware, software programming, and AI. Its principle is “stimulate the interest to explore, and hold the key to science and technology”. It introduces the key technologies, research progress, application trends, and development trends in the robot field. It combines the traditional media and new media to provide comprehensive and frontier information and science communication content in robots. It conducts science popularization knowledge and education activities on robots, and cultivates future science and technology talents for the nation. IRobot explores the potential of its original author team of Radio, and also injects new blood by establishing the team of professionals and scholars from research institutions,

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Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2020)

outstanding teachers from elementary schools, middle and high schools, and universities, creators from maker space, and also young lovers of AI and robots who have showed potential. The journal has also lowered threshold for readers by lowering the level of difficulty, thus it helps cultivate back-up readers for Radio. The editorial office has also conducted conferences, forums, summer camps, and exhibitions around the iRobot brand. It aims to reach into different aspects of robot and participates in the education of AI for teenagers and the promotion of robot industry. The activities it has conducted include “iAI Challenges the Future Technology Science Communication”, “iAI Future Technology Summer Camp”, and “iAI Talent Cultivation Plan”.

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