Blockchain Technology for Smart Cities (Blockchain Technologies) 9789811522048, 9789811522055, 9811522049

Table of contents :
Contents
Introducing Blockchain for Smart City Technologies and Applications
1 Introduction
2 Requirements and Analysis of Smart City
3 Blockchain for Smart Healthcare Applications
3.1 Motivation and Challenges
3.2 Reliable Healthcare Data System
3.3 Role of Blockchain in Healthcare System
3.4 Trusted Blockchain in Healthcare
4 Intelligent Vehicle Technologies
4.1 Trusted Vehicle Networks
4.2 Smart City Vehicle Challenges
4.3 Role of Blockchain in ITS
4.4 Impact of Blockchain in ITS
5 Disseminate Self-governing Organization
6 Blockchain in Smart Education System
7 Decentralized Distributed Insurance for Smart Living
8 Distributed Smart Real Estate
9 Sustainable Green Technology
10 Conclusions
References
Chain of Antichains: An Efficient and Secure Distributed Ledger
1 Introduction and Our Motivation
2 The Dual Ledger-Keeping Algorithm for Constructing an Effective and Secure Distributed Ledger
2.1 DAG: Distributed System, Differences from Blockchain, and Previous Works
2.2 DAG, Structure of Trees and Related Set Representation
2.3 Primal and Dual Spaces, and the Dual Ledger-Keeping System
2.4 Chain of Antichains
3 Stochastic Models of the Dual Ledger-Keeping System
3.1 A Nonhomogeneous Poisson Process—Practical Assumptions on the Frequency of Transactions
3.2 Some Important Random Behaviors Regarding Transaction Interarrival Times in a Poisson Process
3.3 Combining Nonhomogeneous Poisson Processes of Transactions
3.4 Transaction ``size'', and the Recursive Formulas for the Probability Mass Function of Compound Random Variables
4 Models and Discussions for Boxdollar
4.1 Background of Boxdollar
4.2 Currency Conversion Problem
4.3 Currency Rebalancing—Kataoka's Problem: The Safety First Model
4.4 Currency Rebalancing—Conditional Value-at-Risk, I.e., Minimization of Risk
4.5 More General Formulations
4.6 Valuation of Boxdollar
4.7 Boxdollar as a Regional Currency and a Quasi-fiat Money
4.8 The Dual Cryptocurrencies: Boxcoin and Boxdollar in the Value Chain
5 Concluding Remarks
References
Blockchain for Intelligent Gas Monitoring in Smart City Scenario
1 Introduction
1.1 Smart City
1.2 Gas Monitoring
2 Intelligent Gas Monitoring
2.1 Gas Sensors
2.2 Bottlenecks in Gas Monitoring
2.3 Intelligence Gas Monitoring
3 Blockchain for Intelligent Gas Monitoring
3.1 Blockchain
3.2 Intelligent Gas Monitoring Based on Blockchain
References
Commodity Ecology: From Smart Cities to Smart Regions Via a Blockchain-Based Virtual Community Platform for Ecological Design in Choosing All Materials and Wastes
1 Introduction
1.1 Our New “Network Society” Creates the Possibility for “Smart Regions” Via Societies Saturated with Mobile ICT, Equalized by Common Online Platform Participation and Powered by Blockchain Revolution
2 Defining “Commodity Ecology”
2.1 A Merger of Holistic Ecological Design, ICT and Smart Regions
2.2 Three Problems with Implementation of the U.N.’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that Commodity Ecology Solves
3 Development of Smart Cities into Smart Regions
4 Details About the Commodity Ecology Mobile Virtual Platform (CEMVC)
4.1 Project Description
4.2 Commodity Ecology Provides Four Kinds of Empowerment Support and Eleven Major Services for “Smart Regions”
4.3 Seven Functional Requirements of Commodity Ecology
5 Applying Decentralized Ledgers to Manage ‘Smart Regions’ of Sustainable Relations like Commodity Ecology
5.1 Public Versus Private Block-Chain Network as an Implementation Choice
6 Conclusion: Commodity Ecology as an Ideal Ecological Design Process
References
Toward Multiple Layered Blockchain Structure for Tracking of Private Contents and Right to Be Forgotten
1 Introduction
1.1 Background
1.2 Summary of Development
2 Related Work
2.1 Commercial Products
2.2 Intellectual Properties
2.3 Standardization
3 Development Strategy
4 Our Method
4.1 Outline
4.2 Architectural Detail
4.3 Service Use Cases
4.4 Development Detail in Incremental Releases
5 Future Plan and Expected Effects
References
Smart City Transportation Technologies: Automatic No-Helmet Penalizing System
1 Introduction
2 The Concept of a Smart City
2.1 Challenges
2.2 Smart Cities in India: A Case Study
3 Motivation
4 Concept
4.1 Object Detection
4.2 YOLO
4.3 Curse of Dimensionality
5 Preparing the Data and Training
6 Results and Discussions
7 Future Work
References
An Overview of Smart City: Observation, Technologies, Challenges and Blockchain Applications
1 Introduction
2 Smart City Technologies
2.1 Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)
2.2 Radio-Frequency Identification
2.3 5G Technologies
2.4 Cloud Computing
2.5 Big Data
2.6 Long Range and Narrowband-IoT
2.7 Addressing
2.8 Blockchain Technology
3 Smart City Applications
3.1 Automated Gardening System
3.2 Streetlight Automation
3.3 Intelligent Transportation System
3.4 Smart Garbage Automation
3.5 Blockchain Based Autonomous Vehicle Communication
4 Challenges
4.1 Security and Privacy
4.2 Reliability
4.3 Large Scale of Information
4.4 WSN Communication
5 Conclusions
References
An Architecture for e-Health Recommender Systems Based on Similarity of Patients’ Symptoms
1 Introduction
2 Related Works
3 The Textual Similarity Analysis Strategy
4 Organizational Memory Based on Cases’ Similarity
4.1 Perspectives
4.2 Cases Organization
4.3 Application of Similarity Functions
4.4 Search Strategy
5 Architecture: An Overview
5.1 Data Collecting Processes
5.2 Query Planner Processes
5.3 The Scoring and Recommending Process
6 An Application Case
7 Conclusions
References