Biomechanical modelling at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels 9783211958735, 3211958738


235 45 18MB

English Pages 351 Year 2009

Report DMCA / Copyright

DOWNLOAD PDF FILE

Recommend Papers

Biomechanical modelling at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels
 9783211958735, 3211958738

  • 0 0 0
  • Like this paper and download? You can publish your own PDF file online for free in a few minutes! Sign Up
File loading please wait...
Citation preview

CISM COURSES AND LECTURES

Series Editors: The Rectors Giulio Maier - Milan Jean Salençon - Palaiseau Wilhelm Schneider - Wien

The Secretary General Bernhard Schrefler - Padua

Executive Editor Paolo Serafini - Udine

The series presents lecture notes, monographs, edited works and proceedings in the field of Mechanics, Engineering, Computer Science and Applied Mathematics. Purpose of the series is to make known in the international scientific and technical community results obtained in some of the activities organized by CISM, the International Centre for Mechanical Sciences.

INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR MECHANICAL SCIENCES COURSES AND LECTURES - No. 508

BIOMECHANICAL MODELLING AT THE MOLECULAR, CELLULAR AND TISSUE LEVELS

EDITED BY GERHARD A. HOLZAPFEL GRAZ UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, AUSTRIA AND ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - KTH, STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN RAY W. OGDEN UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, UK

This volume contains 118 illustrations

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machine or similar means, and storage in data banks. © 2009 by CISM, Udine Printed in Italy SPIN 12610006

All contributions have been typeset by the authors.

ISBN 978-3-211-95873-5 SpringerWienNewYork



! # ( +       ,)  (  (#

)   #)  (  ; +))(  (( )   ( 5 ()3 (( () ) !  #(0 ( )  ") )(    ))(  = ".  % 3 ")(3     +, 9969/3 :8817 !   ')  , 1 ( 3 :  +   3 <  +  % ) 9  + ' )() 3 ) ') )  , +  ) 988 ) )  + :<  7 ! +)  , ( )(    )  + ( ()3 (( () )   (#(  ) + (  () ))  ) )  *5

)  )  ( ) ,   )  , ( 3 + 3 3 3 +3 +))(  ) )

( +)5 +)7 )  ,)$  3  )+     ')   ) )5 55) ##'  , +))( + (( )  + (5 ()3 (( () )   (#(3 ' ) ()   ) 5   3 ((3  ' ) + ((3 )  )  #) () 5 +3 (  * +)(3   + +))(3  + ) )( ) + ()  ) 7 !  #  ) ) )( ,)   )

()5    3   *)+ (3 =.   3 ' )+     )(   )( ) +))(  +     )     3 =.   ) #( +  + ()3 )

=.  +  #+  )  ) )  )(    ) # (#   +)7 ! (    ) #     ) (( *,  + (* ) ) )  =) +)() ) ) .     )   + +))( # +   ' +)+))( + 5 ( )    )  +)   +  )),)    ) ) ) 7 " ) ()3 )  )( =+* . )+' $   

     ' ) + (  , ( )(   ') 5  ' *)+ (  )  ( 3   + ) + ) (( +)7 !   )( (  )+  )# ) )5 # ) ) +) ' + )    ( )(      ) ')((3  )    +   )((5,)   # + (    + )  +3  + ((  +) )  ) 5

+ )( 2 (+ + (   )3  )+  ,  ) )(    +))( )   ( )  #5  () + ) )   ) ) (7

 (    ()    ()  #  ) )+5 ' $   ))(  +))(      , ( )(  3 '  )( + )      ))( ')((   )  2,          ()7  2   # ()' '   3 )    ') (( ) , )

()   

 ,(+  *  ) 4)   ) )7   ') )( #       #* )   ((      5 # ()' ) ) + )   )   ),(   + (  +  +)+))(3 +))( )  + ) )(   #'7        )( '  +))(      5 +) ))(    )( ) ) )      # 

))   )( +))( ))7 * ( *      ))(    '   )  + )

 )    + (+)    () 2 (+  )+7  5    '   3  ) ()  )(      ) )7 " )

 3  5  )(   (( ' ,)((  ) 5

() ') #) ) )     *)+ (  )   # )

 +)( ,)   ) () 3 )   )5 2  7 - )# ()   )$   (() 3 &) 7  +  )  &7  3     (  )    ) )     # ( +7 - )( )$  ) ='   )      ()   ,)  . ) ) )    ,  (     7 !  ) )3 '  ,   (#(

   ' >  ) ( )$7  )( )$ )       "3     ( )3     )+3 5  )+ )   )(3 )     ) ( )23 * #     "3     )+  ,(  (   7 ! ))   ? )> ) " ') )( +  )

) 7 ) 7  () ( ) -7  



   !  !!            !       * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

,

(              * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

'.

         #  (      * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ,%)          +  !  &

 ("     !&  

      * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * -$)

  " %  %% ""!       " !!!"   "  % ! +H H #$2 !#   # !   ! ** !    "! .  &  (#! +     & # ! +            !    #! $  $ ! !       !   "$  #!!$ ! ! !   (    !      ## !! # & ! !    !     #! #!! #    ! (

#! #  !   " !  !! $!    ! ! !( *   $  $ ! #! !    !

!#        !

   !       !  &  ! !  ! $    ! ! * !   &  !  ! $  ! $ #!  2   !& $  ! ! ! !   $ !  ! # 1-))/%+ , $           $ #  ! (#$  !(     $  '* ! &    !    ! ! ! (! ! & !  !  #!         #    ## !  #!!  ( #!       !  !  # !# ! # !$   *0  $# ! #! #!! #  ! 

   ! $    # " ! ! ! 1! #! ! ! !( % #!  $ ! !   !  &   #  ! $  ! # ! ! !  2   # (     &   !     !    !    !  " # & !   ! $    #   !    ! # !  *

/



& -.  $ .  .(  2 $ . (. !    !$$2 3! 2.!    !$ . -- ZA   1.2-A $A PGGYL  ,  .-HA PGG6L $  .-HA UMMML #$2A UMMUA UMMY.L # - .- .  A UMM