Biofluid Mechanics: An Introduction to Fluid Mechanics, Macrocirculation, and Microcirculation (Biomedical Engineering) [3 ed.] 012818034X, 9780128180341

Table of contents :
BIOFLUID MECHANICS
Copyright
Quotes on Engineering, Science, Research, and Related Matters
Preface
Ancillaries
Acknowledgments
1. Introduction
1.1 Note to students about this textbook
1.2 Biomedical engineering
1.3 Scope of fluid mechanics
1.4 Scope of biofluid mechanics
1.5 Dimensions and units
1.6 Salient biofluid mechanics dimensionless numbers
Summary
Reference
2. Fundamentals of fluid mechanics
2.1 Fluid mechanics introduction
2.2 Fundamental fluid mechanics equations
2.3 Analysis methods
2.4 Fluid as a continuum
2.5 Elemental stress and pressure
2.6 Kinematics: Velocity, acceleration, rotation, and deformation
2.7 Viscosity
2.8 Fluid motions
2.9 Two-phase flows
2.10 Changes in the fundamental relationships on the microscale
2.11 Fluid structure interaction
2.12 Introduction to turbulent flows and the relationship of turbulence to biological systems
Summary
References
3. Conservation laws
3.1 Fluid statics equations
3.2 Buoyancy
3.3 Conservation of mass
3.4 Conservation of momentum
3.5 Momentum equation with acceleration
3.6 The first and second laws of thermodynamics
3.7 The Navier–Stokes equations
3.8 Bernoulli equation
Summary
Reference
4. Introduction to heat transfer
4.1 Thermodynamics and engineering heat transfer
4.2 Heat and energy considerations
4.3 Energy transfer and balances
4.4 Mechanisms of heat transfer
4.5 General heat transfer equations
Summary
References
5. The heart
5.1 Cardiac physiology
5.2 Cardiac conduction system and electrocardiogram
5.3 The cardiac cycle
5.4 Heart motion
5.5 Heart valve function
5.6 Heart valve dynamics
5.7 Disease conditions
5.7.1 Coronary artery disease
5.7.2 Myocardial infarction
5.7.3 Heart valve diseases
5.7.4 Congenital heart diseases
Summary
References
6. Blood flow in arteries and veins
6.1 Arterial system physiology
6.2 Venous system physiology
6.3 Blood cells and plasma
6.4 Blood rheology
6.5 Pressure, flow, and resistance: arterial system
6.6 Pressure, flow, and resistance: venous system
6.7 Windkessel model for blood flow∗
6.8 Wave propagation in arterial circulation
6.9 Flow separation at bifurcations and at walls
6.10 Flow through tapering and curved channels
6.11 Pulsatile flow and turbulence
6.12 Womersley flow and solution
6.13 Oscillatory blood flow and oscillatory shear index
6.14 Disease conditions
6.14.1 Arteriosclerosis, stroke, and high blood pressure
6.14.2 Platelet activation and thromboembolism
6.14.3 Aneurysm
Summary
References
7. Microvascular beds
7.1 Microcirculation physiology
7.2 Endothelial cell and smooth muscle cell physiology
7.3 Local control of blood flow
7.4 Pressure distribution throughout the microvascular beds
7.5 Velocity distribution throughout the microvascular beds
7.6 Interstitial space pressure and velocity
7.7 Hematocrit/Fahraeus–Lindquist effect/Fahraeus effect
7.8 Plug flow in capillaries
7.9 Characteristics of two-phase flow
7.10 Interactions between cells and the vessel wall
7.11 Disease conditions
7.11.1 Shock and tissue necrosis
7.11.2 Edema
Summary
References
8. Mass transport and heat transfer in the microcirculation
8.1 Gas diffusion
8.2 Glucose transport
8.3 Vascular permeability
8.4 Energy considerations
8.5 Transport through porous media
8.6 Microcirculatory heat transfer
8.7 Cell transfer during inflammation and white blood cell rolling and sticking
Summary
References
9. The lymphatic system
9.1 Lymphatic physiology
9.2 Lymph formation
9.3 Flow through the lymphatic system
9.4 Disease conditions
9.4.1 Cancer metastasis by the lymphatic system
9.4.2 Lymphedema
Summary
References
10. Flow in the lungs
10.1 Lung physiology
10.2 Elasticity of the lung blood vessels and alveoli
10.3 Pressure-volume relationship for airflow in the lungs
10.4 Cardiopulmonary flows: ventilation perfusion matching
10.5 Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffusion
10.6 Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport in the blood
10.7 Compressible fluid flow
10.8 Disease conditions
10.8.1 Emphysema
10.8.2 Asthma
10.8.3 Tuberculosis
Summary
References
11. Intraocular fluid flow
11.1 Eye physiology
11.2 Eye blood supply, circulation, and drainage
11.3 Aqueous humor formation
11.4 Aquaporins
11.5 Flow of aqueous humor
11.6 Intraocular pressure
11.7 Disease conditions
11.7.1 Glaucoma
11.7.2 Cataracts
Summary
References
12. Lubrication of joints and transport in bone
12.1 Skeletal physiology
12.2 Bone vascular anatomy and fluid phases
12.3 Formation of synovial fluid
12.4 Synovial fluid flow
12.5 Mechanical forces within joints
12.6 Transport of molecules in bone
12.7 Disease conditions
12.7.1 Synovitis
12.7.2 Bursitis and tenosynovitis
Summary
References
13. Flow through the kidney
13.1 Kidney physiology
13.2 Distribution of blood in the kidney
13.3 Glomerular filtration and dynamics
13.4 Tubule reabsorption and secretion
13.5 Single nephron filtration rate
13.6 Peritubular capillary flow
13.7 Sodium balance and transport of important molecules
13.8 Autoregulation of kidney blood flow
13.9 Compartmental analysis for urine formation
13.10 Extracorporeal flows: dialysis
13.11 Disease conditions
13.11.1 Renal calculi
13.11.2 Kidney disease
Summary
References
14. Splanchnic circulation: Liver and spleen
14.1 Liver and spleen physiology
14.2 Hepatic and splenic blood flow
14.3 Hepatic and splenic microcirculation
14.4 Storage and release of blood in the liver
14.5 Active and passive components of the splanchnic circulation
14.6 Innervation of the spleen
14.7 Disease conditions
14.7.1 Hepatitis
14.7.2 Alcoholic and fatty liver disease
14.7.3 Splenomegaly
Summary
References
15. In silico biofluid mechanics
15.1 Computational fluid dynamics
15.2 Fluid structure interaction modeling
15.3 Buckingham Pi Theorem and dynamic similarity
15.4 Current state of the art for biofluid mechanics in silico research
15.5 Future directions of biofluid mechanics in silico research
Summary
References
16. In vitro biofluid mechanics
16.1 Particle imaging velocimetry
16.2 Laser Doppler velocimetry
16.3 Flow chambers: parallel plate and cone-and-plate viscometry
16.4 Lab-on-a-chip and lithography
16.5 Current state of the art for biofluid mechanics in vitro research
16.6 Future directions of biofluid mechanics in vitro research
Summary
References
17. In vivo biofluid mechanics
17.1 Live animal preparations
17.2 Doppler ultrasound
17.3 Phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging
17.4 Review of other techniques
17.5 Current state of the art for biofluid mechanics in vivo research
17.6 Future directions of biofluid mechanics in vivo research
Summary
References
Further readings
Biomedical Engineering/Biomechanics
Cell Biology/Anatomy and Physiology
Fluid Mechanics/Heat Transfer
Solid Mechanics/Statics and Dynamics
Index
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