Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant Hormones [1 ed.] 978-0-444-89825-8, 0-444-89825-5

Table of contents :
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant Hormones......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Preface......Page 6
List of contributors......Page 8
Contents......Page 12
Other volumes in the series......Page 22
Part I: Introduction and Methodology......Page 24
1. What is a plant hormone?......Page 26
2. The history of plant hormones......Page 27
3. Methods for determining the biological roles of plant hormones......Page 28
4. The occurrence and role of individual hormones......Page 30
References......Page 42
1. Introduction......Page 46
2. The analytical problem......Page 47
3. Extraction......Page 48
4. Sample purification......Page 50
5. Derivatization......Page 52
6. Analytical methods......Page 55
7. Metabolic studies......Page 73
8. Concluding comments......Page 76
9. Recent developments......Page 77
References......Page 79
1. Introduction......Page 84
2. Preparation and characteristics of antibodies......Page 85
3. Immunoassays......Page 97
4. lmmunoaffinity chromatography......Page 100
5. Immunolocalisation......Page 102
6. Anti-idiotypes and molecular mimicry......Page 103
7. lmmunomodulation of plant hormone levels......Page 104
8. Conclusions......Page 105
Acknowledgement......Page 106
References......Page 107
1. Introduction
......Page 112
2. Auxins......Page 113
3. Abscisic acid......Page 116
4. Cytokinins......Page 118
5. Gibberellins......Page 120
6. Ethylene......Page 123
7. Brassinolides......Page 125
8. Jasmonic acid and related molecules......Page 126
9. Fusicoccin......Page 128
10. Molecules which bind to the NPA receptor......Page 129
References......Page 131
Part II: Control of Hormone Synthesis and Metabolism......Page 136
1. Inputs to and outputs from the IAA pool......Page 138
2. Auxin biosynthesis......Page 139
3. Metabolism of IAA......Page 145
4. Microbial pathways for IAA biosynthesis......Page 155
5. Environmental and genetic control of IAA metabolism......Page 156
References......Page 158
2. Cytokinin biosynthesis......Page 164
3. Cytokinin metabolism......Page 170
4. Mechanisms of regulation of cytokinin metabolism in plants......Page 175
References......Page 178
2. Gibberellin biosynthesis......Page 184
3. Genetic control of biosynthesis......Page 191
4. Chemical control of biosynthesis......Page 195
5. Developmental control......Page 196
6. Feed-back regulation......Page 200
7. Environmental control......Page 201
8. Conjugation......Page 204
References......Page 205
1. Introduction......Page 212
2. Chemistry and measurement......Page 213
3. Biosynthesis......Page 214
4. Catabolism......Page 220
5. Regulation of biosynthesis......Page 224
6. Regulation of abscisic catabolism......Page 225
References......Page 226
1. Ethylene......Page 232
References......Page 264
1. Introduction......Page 270
2. The polysaccharides from which oligosaccharins are derived......Page 271
3. Xyloglucan-derived oligosaccharides (XGOs)......Page 272
4. Pectic oligosaccharides......Page 284
References......Page 287
1. Occurrence......Page 290
2. Biosynthesis......Page 293
3. Metabolism......Page 296
References......Page 298
1. Introduction......Page 300
2. Structural and biosynthetic relationships of BRs to sterols......Page 301
4. Biosynthesis of brassinosteroids......Page 304
5. Metabolism of brassinosteroids......Page 309
6. Inhibitors of the biosynthesis and metabolism of brassinosteroids......Page 313
References......Page 314
1. Introduction......Page 318
2. Salicylic acid biosynthesis along the phenylpropanoid pathway......Page 320
3. Salicylic acid biosynthesis along the chorismate/isochorismate pathway......Page 324
4. Conclusion......Page 332
References......Page 333
Part III: Hormone Perception and Transduction......Page 336
1. Signal transducing GTPases within animal and fungal cells......Page 338
2. Evidence for plant G–proteins......Page 342
3. G-protein coupled receptors within plants......Page 349
4. G-protein regulated effectors in plants......Page 350
5. Nucleoside diphosphate kinases......Page 351
Acknowledgements......Page 354
References......Page 355
2. Ion transport and its measurement......Page 360
3. Summary of ionic events associated with stomatal movements......Page 363
4. Hormonal regulation of guard cell ion transport......Page 368
References......Page 380
1. Introduction......Page 386
2. Auxins and cytokinins......Page 388
3. Gibberellins and brassinosteroids......Page 399
4. Abscisic acid and ethylene......Page 403
5. Other plant hormones and growth regulators......Page 406
6. Provisional conclusions......Page 407
References......Page 409
2. The mutant approach......Page 414
3. Other approaches......Page 425
4. Conclusion......Page 429
References......Page 430
2. Rapid auxin responses......Page 434
3. Auxin receptors......Page 435
4. Signal transduction......Page 437
5. Genetic studies of auxin response......Page 438
References......Page 442
1. Introduction......Page 446
2. Auxin-responsive mRNAs......Page 447
3. Organ and tissue expression patterns of auxin-responsive genes......Page 458
4. Promoters of auxin-responsive genes......Page 461
5. Synthetic composite AuxREs......Page 470
6. Simple AuxREs......Page 471
7. TGTCTC AuxRE transcription factors......Page 472
8. Other transcription factors that bind cis-elements in auxin-responsive promoters......Page 474
9. Perspectus......Page 475
References......Page 476
1. Introduction......Page 484
2. Cytokinin mutants......Page 486
3. Cytokinin effects on gene expression......Page 489
4. Cytokinin binding proteins......Page 490
5. Calcium and cytokinin signaling......Page 492
6. Protein phosphorylation and cytokinin signaling......Page 494
References......Page 495
2. Ethylene perception......Page 498
3. Transduction mechanisms......Page 504
4. Ethylene perception and transduction: a synthesis......Page 508
References......Page 511
2. The biological role of ABA......Page 514
3. ABA induced gene expression......Page 517
4. ABA signal transduction......Page 520
5. Regulation of transcription in response to ABA......Page 526
References......Page 532
1. Introduction......Page 536
2. Salicylic acid – an important signal in plants......Page 537
3. Perception and transmission of the salicylic acid signal......Page 543
4. Future directions......Page 557
References......Page 558