115 6 16MB
English Pages 21 [23] Year 2011
A
Big look at history for young learners! Ages 7 to 12
The Big Book of History is the perfect way to engage your child in an adventurous trip through time –from the first Day of Creation to present day! Discover: The birthdates of conquerors, kings, inventors,
scientists, and famous men of God Wars and wonders of the ancient and modern worlds The 969-year-old man who shared the true history of the world with Noah The first ancient inventions and discoveries of chocolate, yo-yos, batteries, movies, and more!
Did you know... Thomas Edison is known for inventing
a working light bulb, but do you know he also invented the first talking dolls and helped to create an early and commercially-successful form of movies? He also started the first movie studio, and probably the most unique. It was built so that the whole building could be turned in a circle during the day to get the most sunlight! Biblical/Christianity World Events Civilizations/Empires Inventions/Technology
Designed to share the most details in a colorful collection of important facts and interesting photos, it can be an effective educational resource or enjoyed just for fun! JUVENILE NONFICTION/History/General RELIGION/Christianity/History $19.99 U.S . ISBN 13: 978-0-89051-623-2
EAN
First printing: October 2011 Eighth printing: October 2021 Copyright © 2011 by Master Books®. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations in articles and reviews. For information write: Master Books®, P.O. Box 726, Green Forest, AR 72638 Master Books® is a division of the New Leaf Publishing Group, Inc. ISBN: 978-0-89051-623-2 ISBN: 978-1-61458-200-7 (digital) Library of Congress Number: 2011933078 Contributing Editors: Laura Welch, Bodie Hodge & Ken Ham Interior & Cover design by Diana Bogardus Please consider requesting that a copy of this volume be purchased by your local library system. Printed in China Please visit our website for other great titles: www.masterbooks.com For information regarding interviews, please contact the publicity department at (870) 438-5288 Photo Credits: All images are Shutterstock.com, istock.com, or Wikipedia Commons Public Domain unless otherwise noted. Peruvian mummy in burial pit – Courtesy of Bodie Hodge Edison talking doll image – Collection of René Rondeau King James Bible – Courtesy of The Great Passion Play Man on moon; Pluto – Courtesy of NASA PT Barnum image – Courtesy of the Library of Congress Mount St. Helen’s eruption – Courtesy of USGS Antikythera mechanism artifact image – Courtesy of David Lewis Guttenberg Press Exhibit in the Creation Museum in Petersburg, KY – Photo by Dan Rockafellow Noah’s Ark at sea – used with permission from Noah’s Ark: Thinking Outside of the Box, image credited to John Einselen Noah’s Ark, side view – used with permission from Noah’s Ark: Thinking Outside of the Box, image credited to John Einselen Pulizter Prize image – Courtesy of FBI.gov Moche Pottery – Image courtesy of Micah MacAllen Draisine or Laufmaschine – Courtesy of Kurpfälzisches Museum of the city of Heidelberg, Germany The Turtle submarine model image – By Geni CC-BY-SA-3.0 (www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0) Re-assembled Khufu (Cheops) Ship – By Berthold Werner CC-BY-SA-3.0 (www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0) Soapstone Statue of Mohenjo-daro Priest/King - Robert Harding Picture Library Karakuri ningy (Japanese automata –By PHGCOM CC-BY-SA-3.0 (www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)
Elementary World History 3 Book set 978-0-89051-965-3
1
2
In the Old Testament, every time “day” appears with “evening and morning” or with a number like “sixth day,” it refers to a LITERAL 24-hour day.
Adam
Adam surely knew Methuselah, who was alive when Noah lived. The account of creation was easily passed down.
Seth Enos
Day 1: Heavens, earth, water & light Day 2: Expanse: sky & the waters divided Day 3: Dry land & plants Day 4: Sun, moon & stars Day 5: Flying and sea creatures Day 6: Land animals & man Day 7: God rested
Cainan Mahalalel Jared Enoch
Methuselah Lamech Noah
Did you know?
ly an appl l a
Enoch did not die, but was taken to be with God (Heb. 11:5, Gen. 5:24)
e?
fruit re the s
Son of Adam lived 912 years Son of Seth lived 905 years Son of Enos lived 910 years Son of Cainan lived 895 years Son of Mahalalel lived 962 years Son of Jared lived 365 years Son of Enoch lived 969 years Son of Methuselah lived 777 years Son of Lamech lived 950 years
Hint: look-up Genesis 3
Noah
2948B.C.Born
3874B.C.
Seth is born
Musical instruments (Gen. 4:21) Bronze & iron tools (Gen. 4:22)
Wa
Enoch taken
3017B.C. to heaven
m a d A ve E &
How d id
Hint: See Genesis 3
t
pant decei ser ve he
Day 10
e? Ev
4004B.C.
The Fall Some think Adam and Eve lived in the Garden of Eden for only a short time. Archbishop Ussher, a historian, places the fall of Adam and Eve on the 10th day of creation when they disobeyed God’s command not to eat from the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil.* With the Fall, death and suffering became part of life; as well as our need for a Savior, the perfect sacrifice for our sins so we can have eternal salvation.
Cain kills Angry and jealous, Cain killed his brother Abel. It’s Abel the first murder in history. Abel, a shepherd, honored God by offering the firstborn of his flocks (e.g., mimicked what God did in Gen. 3:21). The Lord accepted Abel’s offering, but rejected Cain’s because it was not a similar offering.
Timeline Abbreviations
Before Christ Anno Domini A.D.* Latin, meaning for “Year of our Lord” B.C.
c.
circa
Latin, meaning for “around”
*NOTE: While referencing A.D. dates, a designation should apear in front of the year; however, this chart lists it after to make it easier for children to explore.
(*Source: Annals of the
World; for more details see the Big Book of History
Teacher’s Guide)
Biblical/Christianity World Events Inventions/Technology Civilizations/Empires
2 There is evidence that early civilizations were not intimidated by ocean travel or building big ships. Noah’s Ark is not the only massive ship constructed in antiquity. China would create massive transports and ships of war, as would Egypt. The Khufu Ship (right), 143 feet long and built of wood between 1950 B.C. to 1875 B.C. was found buried at the foot of the Great Pyramid. Another massive wooden vessel was the Tessarakonteres, which was 420-feet long. Noah’s Ark was around 500 feet long. Early ship building
The Great Flood Genesis 6:9– 9:17 1st Day Rain begins; fountains of the deep break apart
40th Day 150th Day Water Ark lands covers the in the highest mountains place on of Ararat Earth; Ark rises up Waters reach highest point of global flood during this time
2349B.C.
224th Day Water receding, and tops of mountains are visible
264th Day Noah sends out a raven
271st Day Dove sent out and returns
278th Day Dove sent out and returns with olive leaf
285th Day Dove sent out, and it does not return
314th Day Noah removes cover of the ark and can see the dry surface of the Earth
of Abraham 1922B.C.Call (The descendant of Eber of Arphaxad)
Days of Noah
– both ocean and river vessels – occurs globally
Shipbuilding
. ia in China and Ind
Advances in agriculture
God commands mankind to fill the earth.
(Gen. 11:1–4)
2242B.C. Tow
er of Babe l-
wo ou e ar nd th rs e
Sons of Noah
Shem
Ham
Grandsons of Noah
Gomer Elam Cush Magog Asshur Miziraim Madai Arphaxad Phut Javan Lud Canaan Tubal Aram Meshech Tiras
for m
to
groups d isp e
rld.
le op pe
th Day 4 2 2
b ons Civilizati
in eg
Megalithic building
(large stone)
Sparta
c.2044B.C. built
2089B.C.
Javan, founder of Greece
2188B.C.
Mizraim, founder of Egypt
2234B.C.
Nimrod, took Babylon as the first center of his kingdom
The Indus Valley (India and Pakistan, who were descendants of Arphaxad of Joktan and others) has been the site of several early civilizations. These include the Harappan Civilization – named after the modern city of Harappa in which ancient ruins were excavated. Agriculture, hydraulic engineering, working with metal, artisans, and to tradesmen – they were a skilled civilization where people in the cities even had flush toilets in their homes! What is most amazing is that the water and sewer systems of these ancient cities are more efficient than some of the modern systems in place today! Flush toilets
Japheth
370th day God commands Noah and animals to leave the Ark
3
45 tons
11-14 tons each
Built with rocks
How much does it weigh?
The largest stone at Stonehenge weighs 45 tons. This is tiny compared to other Megalithic structures.
Mystery of the big rocks
It makes sense to use rocks to create structures that will last a long time. And many ancient civilizations did just that. However, many of the rocks of these structures are so massive, there is no known explanation for how some could have been moved to be used in construction.
e
ng e h e n Sto
The Code of Hammurabi
Early set of 282 laws created by Babylonian leader, Hammurabi, and written on stone.
(Descendants of Nimrod of Cush)
Chariot warfare
Gold jewelry
Gen. 21:43, Gen. 50:9
Gen. 2:12, Gen. 13:2, Gen. 24:22 1st recorded war
Gen. 14:1-2
First Assyrian Empire C.1810B.C.
Minoan Civilization nears it’s peak (Descendants of Javan)
(Descendants of Asshur)
1896B.C. Esau
(Edom)
Isaac
son of Abraham
Babylonian C.1760B.C. Empire defeats Assyria Egyptian Dynasties 12 & 13 C.1572-1445B.C.
Shem, son
1846B.C. of Noah, dies
1571B.C.Moses born
1836B.C. Jacob
1635B.C.
(Israel)
Gen. 27 Jacob has twelve sons, who become the ancestors of the twelve tribes of Israel. The most prominent of these sons is Joseph, who becomes advisor to the King of Egypt (Gen. 36). 12 sons of Jacob (Israel)
Reuben 2. Simeon 3. Levi 4. Judah 5. Issachar 6. Zebulun 7. Joseph 8. Benjamin 9. Dan 10. Naphtali 11. Gad 12. Asher
1.
1707B.C. Joseph
Gen. 37 Sold as a slave in Egypt and then rises to power.
Joseph’s father and brothers seek help from Egypt because of years of famine in Israel.
Genesis comes to an end
1627B.C. 1600
of Er uption the d Thera an n io t c destr u iri of Akrot
Ten Commandments
NOTE: Inventions such as metal coins, the working of gold, alphabets and writing material (clay tablets, papyrus), objects with wheels, and even specialized devices like optical technology were in use among various ancient civilizations.
Exodus 20 1. Don’t worship other “gods” 2. Don’t create things to worship 3. Respect the name of God 4. Have a day for worship and rest 5. Honor your parents 6. Don’t murder anyone 7. Don’t cheat on your spouse 8. Don’t steal 9. Don’t lie about others 10. Don’t be jealous of what others have
4
Frogs, flies, & death of the firstborns
God commanded the Israelites to leave Egypt, and He sent Moses to lead them. Just one problem – the Pharaoh, or king, of Egypt refused to let them go (Exod. 9:12). So God sent 10 plagues to Egypt to prove His power over the alleged Egyptian “gods.” The plagues were: 1. Water turned to blood 2. Frogs everywhere (even in the beds) 3. Lice on everything (people and animals) 4. Flies everywhere! 5. Animal diseases (cattle, camels, donkeys, horses, ox, and sheep) 6. Painful boils or sores all over (people and animals) 7. Hail and storms destroy crops 8. Locusts so thick they covered everything 9. Three days of continuous darkness 10. Death of the firstborn, including the Pharaoh’s son (people and animals) 10 plagues of Egypt
How do archaeologists know from which culture an artifact might have originated? Factors like style, materials, and area found all can help identify an artifact’s history. It was assumed that the earlier the civilization, the simpler the artifacts, but history is proving that assumption incorrect. Skilled examples are being found, especially very distinctive ones that help identify early, advanced cultures.
Parting of the Red Sea
1491B.C. The Exodus
Cultural fingerprints
Iron plows used
Stylized pottery
(Deut. 22:10) The Israelites spend 40 years wandering Jericho
1451B.C. falls
Joshua leads the Israelites into
1452B.C. the Promised Land Hittite C.1430B.C.Empire
C.1364B.C.
(Descendants of Heth of Canaan)
c.1200B.C. Troy destroyed
Moses given the Ten
1491B.C. Commandments by God Go or obey pharaoh?
Just who was the king of Egypt when Moses led the Israelites to freedom? No one has definitive proof yet, but one recent study suggests the following events: Pharaoh Sesostris I – appointed Joseph over Egypt Sesostris III – oppressed the Israelites as slaves Sobekneferu, daughter of Pharaoh 2nd Assyrian Empire Amenemhet III, rescued Moses from the Nile Neferhotep I refused to let the Israelites go, drowning in the Red Sea with his army. You may have read about Moses and even how his name means “saved out of the water” – but do you know this incredible life began with his father Amran’s prayer for the enslaved Israelites?
Biblical/Christianity World Events Inventions/Technology Civilizations/Empires
The Trojan horse After a 10-year war between Troy (some descendants of Tiras) and the combined forces of Greece (descendants of Javan), the war ended with the gift of the Trojan Horse. Unknown to Troy, there were 30 soldiers and 2 spies hidden within the horse, who managed to open the gates, and this led to the destruction of Troy.
5
Byblos Beirut Sidon Tyre
Kingdom divided
PHOENICIAN STATES
Israel is divided into two nations, North and South: Israel and Judah. Before being led by kings, Israel was led by judges.
(Descendants of Aram)
SIZU Damascus
KINGDOM OF ARAM-DAMASCUS
Acre
e
ffective weapon e s g n i s sl
Samaria Shechem Jaffa
Jerash
Beit El
?
We r
Umomium
KINGDOM OF ISRAEL KINGDOM OF AMMON
(Descendants of Lot) Rabbath-Ammon
Jericho Ashdod Ashkelon
Jerusalem Lachish
PHILISTINE Hebron STATES KINGDOM OF Gaza JUDAH Beersheba
ARABU TRIBES
(Son of Abraham)
Dibon
KINGDOM OF MOAB
(Descendants of Lot)
KINGDOM OF EDOM (Descendants of Esau)
Key rings Petra
Lightweight and highly accurate, stones can be flung a quarter of a mile and at speeds around 60 mph.
The Roman Empire wasn’t the first to use locks and keys, but they did have unusual designs. Metal keys were fashioned to be worn as rings – which made them much harder to lose and steal.
1st
1004B.C. Temple Saul becomes
1095B.C. king I Sam. 11:15 Samson
1155B.C. born
975B.C.
David becomes
1048B.C. king I Sam. 5:3 David born
Carthage
1085B.C. (kills Goliath, I Sam. 17)
c.814B.C. founded Solomon
Civil War
1015B.C. becomes king c.836B.C. of Egypt C.1000B.C Kites & dictionaries
in use in China
c.800-725B.C. Who was Homer?
Born on an unknown date between the12th century B.C. and 4th century B.C., this ancient author’s greatest works – The Iliad and The Odyssey – are epic poems that have influenced literature since they were written.
The First Temple constructed by King Solomon between 1012 B.C. and 1004 B.C. in Ussher’s chronology was destroyed by Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar in 586 B.C. This site is where the Second Temple was built and later was fully restored by King Herod. In this model of Jerusalem in 66 A.D., each 1/4 inch equals about 1 foot. This is the period when the city was at its largest (est. population of 70,000) and the model covers almost an acre! This is how the city would have looked to Jesus, – complete with shops, private homes, streets, bridges, palaces, and historical sites. A 1:50 scale model of the Second Temple
6 Biblical/Christianity World Events Inventions/Technology Civilizations/Empires
he der of t n; n u fo , t bor Grea r us the ts of Elam), is y C . C . n d 599 B mpire (descenda . He allowed exile to E 9 d Per sian n began in 55 land c. 539 an age e ir eig Cyr us’ r to retur n to the ies in 529 at th 0. d 2 s s e .5 Israelit le. Cyr u ple was built c p m e T e m th rebuild the Second Te d n a of 70 Daniel in Babylon
Chosen by the king (Dan. 1:19-21) Survives being thrown in the lions den (Dan. 6:16) Daniel knew Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego who survived the fiery furnace (Dan. 3:21-23)
Jonah swallowed by a great fish
after refusing to go to Nineveh (some descendants of Nimrod of Cush)
C.808 B.C.
759-698 776
Isaiah prophesies B.C. a virgin birth
about
629-588
Jeremiah, a prophet
who was thrown in a well. 612 B.C. Ancient city of 607-534 B.C. Nineveh destroyed
B.C.
748
B.C.
Rome is founded B.C. by Romulus
Israel conquered
721B.C. by Assyria c.700
750B.C.
Great Dam of B.C.Marib built in Arabia
irst f e h T pics m y l O
The yo-yo
Seven Wonders of the Ancient World
Early samples of this popular toy date back to 500 B.C., and were disks made of things like terra cotta (baked clay), skins, wood, and metal.
Considered popular “must-see” destinations in the ancient world, the Seven Wonders were all constructed before 200 B.C., and only one – the Great Pyramid, still remains today. The Seven Wonders were built: 1. Mausoleum at Halicarnassus; 351 B.C. – Turkey 2. Colossus of Rhodes; c.290 B.C. – Greece 3. Great Pyramid at Giza; c.1950-1875 B.C. – Egypt 4. Temple of Artemis at Ephesus; c.500 B.C. – Turkey 5. Hanging Gardens of Babylon; c.600 B.C. – Iraq 6. Statue of Zeus at Olympia; c.450 B.C. – Greece 7. Lighthouse at Alexandria; 280 B.C. – Egypt Earthquakes would finally destroy three of the wonders, fire would ruin two more, and a flood would wipe out another. 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
7 356
B.C. Alexander the Great is born. By 332 B.C.
this Greek Macedonian will have conquered most of the known world. He dies in 323 B.C. Greek becomes the common trade language. The New Testament is written in Greek.
367
B.C. Aristotle,
who later taught Alexander the Great, is taught by Plato
348 B.C. Plato dies 221
B.C.
China (some descendants of the Sinites of Canaan) unified 1st Emperor Qin Shi Huang
510 586
B.C.
1st Jewish
the Israelites
400
B.C.Temple
c.500
Esther saves
destroyed
B.C.
447
Last 397 B.C. prophet Malachi
Nazca B.C. culture in Peru
B.C.
No prophets. 400 years of silence from God.
287
331
B.C.
Greece
conquers
(Alexander the Great)
220206B.C.
Archimedes, inventor of B.C. the water screw & lever
Batteries
e
hous t h g i L
Unusual artifacts from 248 B.C. to 226 B.C. in Iraq were discovered during1936, and they were batteries! The clay jars contain a copper cylinder containing an iron rod. Scientists have speculated that acidic fruit was placed in the jars to help generate power to electroplate jewelry and other items.
280
B.C. to 247 B.C. The Lighthouse of Alexandria on the island of Pharos in Egypt. For centuries one of the tallest manmade structures ever constructed. A mirror at the top reflected sunlight during the day and a fire was lit for night.
Partheno nb in Greec uilt e
l of l a W t Grea ina Ch
8
Caesar and the pirates At age 25, the man who would one day rule over the Roman Empire was taken prisoner by pirates. He was sailing to study public speaking from one of the best teachers of that time. He was held for 38 days before his ransom arrived and he was released. He quickly gathered a fleet to defeat the pirates, who were killed and crucified.
c.mid-1st CenturyB.C. c.40B.C. Herod as king of Israel 31B.C. Battle of Actium, Cleopatra and Mark Antony are defeated 30B.C.The death of Cleopatra – the last pharaoh of Egypt
ar es d Ca ate us li ius sin Jul as ar Ju s y as il W pe C. Ci v om B. an ts P 44 om fea tR e ea r d Gr aesa C
C. B.
5 -4 49
88B.C. Anna begins prayer and fasting at the Temple; lives and waits there 84 years until Christ is presented at the temple.
Herod begins renovating
First Emperor of Rome
23B.C. Augustus, creates an
era of peace and wealth.
Spartacus, leading a slave
72B.C. revolt against the Romans, dies
c.150- Antikythera device 100B.C.
ng
owi l b s s Gla
19B.C. the Jewish Temple
146B.C.The Roman Empire conquers Greece
Glass blowing invented in Syria by descendants of Aram (Roman Empire)
c. 5-4B.C.
Roman census ordered Luke 2: 1–3
Jesus born
c.70B.C. Water mills in use to grind grains
4B.C. Herod dies
4B.C. Magi visit Jesus, Massacre of the Innocents in Bethlehem
Discovered in a Greek shipwreck in 1902, the Antikythera device is still a mystery. It may have been used for navigation, as a complex calendar, or even to track the sun, moon, and known planets at the time. It proves that ancient man was very skilled and advanced in terms of technology and invention.
5B.C. Mary visited by the angel Gabriel 5B.C. John the Baptist born
The first computer?
9 Written history
Is this the spot?
Numerous sites exist in the Holy Land with connections to biblical events and the life of Christ. Not all of them can be proven to be the exact spot of these events. This church is an example – it is said to have been built on the site of Jesus’ crucifixion.
Without reliable sources like the Bible, and men like Herodotus, Dio, Josephus, Cassius, Plutarch, Livy, and so many others who recorded vital history, we could not have the detail and understanding of the ancient world that we do. They will be followed by others who continued to write down epic events, the small details of daily life, and deadly disasters that help us to learn so much about the inventions, civilizations, and events that make up mankind’s history.
33A.D. Triumphant Entry into Jerusalem (Palm Sunday)
of the , h c r u Ch ulchreel p e S y Hol , Isra m e l a s Jeru
Last Supper Betrayed in Jerusalem by Judas
Resurrection of Christ (Easter Sunday)
Jesus turns water into wine at a wedding reception at Cana (John 2) 30A.D.
Satan tempts Jesus 3 times and Jesus countered with A.D. the Word of God 3 times. 27 (Matt. 4)
2A.D. on record in China
Historian Flavius Josephus who wrote
Jesus raised
The Jewish War (c. 75 A.D.) and Antiquities of the Jews (c. 94 A.D.)
33A.D. Lazarus from the dead
Life of Christ
Oldest census
John the
32A.D. Baptist killed
37A.D.–94A.D. Saul’s conversion
A.D.
35A.D. to the Apostle Paul
Jesus as a young boy in the Temple 9A.D. (Luke 2:43) Roman persecution A.D. of the Jews in Judea Rice cultivation 37-41A.D. Caligula rules as Roman Emperor 64-66 led to unrest 2A.D. in Japan Du Shi, a Chinese engineer, hydraulic 31A.D. device to help smelt iron
What is the difference in B.C. & A.D.?
B.C. is commonly known as “before Christ”, and A.D. is short for the Latin phrase for Year of our Lord, again linking it to the birth of Christ. A quick thing to remember is that history that occurred in B.C. times was counting down from a higher number to a smaller one – A.D. is the opposite with years counting up to a higher number.
Matt. 21 Luke 19 John 12 Matt. 26 Mark 14 Luke 22 Matt. 27 Mark 15 John19 Matt. 28 Mark 16 John 20
Crucifixion of Christ (Good Friday)
John baptizes Jesus A.D. (Matt. 3:13) 26
B.C.
Bible
Apostles 1. 2. 3. 4. Bookbinding
Develops in the c.1st Far East and Century Mediterranean; Codex – A.D. Roman Empire
Biblical/Christianity World Events Inventions/Technology Civilizations/Empires
Peter, also known as Simon Peter Andrew, Simon Peter’s brother James son of Zebedee John, James’ brother
Philip Bartholomew 7. Matthew 8. Thomas 9. James son of Alphaeus 10. Thaddaeus, Judas, son of James 11. Simon the Zealot 12. Judas, betrayed Jesus Matthias, replaced Judas (Acts 1:20-26) Paul (2 Cor. 11:5) Barnabas (Acts 14:14) James, brother of Jesus (Gal. 1:19) 5. 6.
Fate
Crucified upside down in Rome in 67 A.D. Bound/crucified for two days in 74 A.D. Beheaded in 44 A.D. Miraculously saved from death, banished to Isle of Patmos between 68 and 95 A.D. Imprisoned and crucified in 54 A.D. Beaten, crucified, and beheaded, 52 A.D. Historical records unclear Killed by a spear in 52 A.D. Beaten to death in 60 A.D. Killed by arrows in 72 A.D. Crucified in 74 A.D. Hung himself in 33 A.D. Stoned and beheaded in Jerusalem Whipped, stoned, beheaded in 67 A.D. Tortured and stoned to death in 61 A.D. Stoned in Jerusalem 62 A.D.
10
Smallpox — a deadly history
Books of the New Testament
No one is sure when or where it began, but evidence of the disease in ancient civilizations has been found in Egyptian mummies. It would continue to kill hundreds of millions over the centuries, wiping out vast amounts of people when it hit, and the victims included everyone from kings and queens to sadly, a large percentage of children. It wasn’t until 1979 that smallpox would be virtually eradicated thanks to aggressive vaccination programs.
Book
Author
Written (A.D.)
Matthew Mark Luke John Acts Romans 1 Corinthians 2 Corinthians Galatians Ephesians Philippians Colossians 1 Thessalonians 2 Thessalonians 1 Timothy 2 Timothy Titus Philemon Hebrews
Matthew John Mark Luke John Luke Paul Paul, Sosthenes Paul, Timothy Paul Paul Paul Paul, Timothy Paul, Timothy, Sylus Paul, Timothy, Sylus Paul Paul Paul Paul, Timothy (Paul, Apollos, Barnabas...?) James, half brother of Jesus Peter Peter John John John Jude, half brother of Jesus John
60s late 50s early 60s 60 67-69 61 55 54 55 49 60 61 60 50 - 51 50 - 51 62 63 62 60 60s
James Colosseum
79A.D. in Rome finished en Temple treasures stol
1 Peter 2 Peter 1 John 2 John 3 John Jude Revelation
40s or 50s 63 63 - 64 67-69 67-69 67-69 60s or 70s 67-95
Destruction of the second
70A.D. Jewish Temple in Jerusalem 79A.D. 64–300A.D.
Christianity spreads despite Roman oppression, begining with Nero The Great Jewish Revolt
66-70A.D. against the Roman Empire c.10-70A.D. Hero of Alexander Hidden Cities
Having lived in the shadow of Mount Vesuvius for a long time, the people of Pompeii and Herculaneum were used to earthquakes, but were unprepared for the destruction of these thriving Roman cities in 79 A.D.. The two-day volcanic event began with a massive explosion of fire, smoke, rock, and ash from within the mountain. Most of the cities’ residents fled, but intense heat and dust would kill those who remained. During excavations in 1860, spaces in Pompeii were found that held some human remains. When plaster was poured in the spaces, they discovered the last horrifying moments of those who could not escape the city. Volcanic debris in Pompeii was over 9 feet in height; Herculaneum was hit with a series of hot ash clouds racing at over 100 miles per hour at 938°F burying it under 80 feet of ash.
100A.D. invention of paper in China Bishop of Antioch and disciple of John, c.108A.D. Ignatius, killed by beasts at the Colosseum. the massive Aztec city of Teotihuacán in
c.100-150A.D. Mexico dominates the region Hero of Alexander, one of
the greatest early inventors
Aeolipile – the first recorded steam engine Wind-powered organ First vending machine – coin inserted to get holy water Sound effect machines for a theater A version of a syringe
11 Persecution of Christians by Roman Emperors:
“Death as a sport”
Public executions, gladiators battling to the death, and killing of wild beasts were all ways the Roman crowds were entertained. Often it was a challenge to see how brutal it could be. Christians also found themselves in the arena, facing death and torture, because of their faith.
122-128A.D. Hadrian’s Wall in Britain
Nero
c.64-68A.D.
Traditional martyrdoms of Peter and Paul
Domitian Trajan
r.81-96A.D. 112-117A.D.
Christianity outlawed
Marcus Aurelius
r.161-180A.D. Martyrdom of Polycarp
Septimus Severus
202-210A.D.
Martyrdom of Perpetua Public sacrifice to Roman gods required – this revealed Christians who refused. Certificates (libelli) could be bought instead of sacrificing. Martyrdoms of bishops of Rome, Jerusalem, and Antioch Martyrdoms of Cyprian of Carthage and Sixtus II of Rome
Decius
250-251A.D.
Valerian
257-259A.D.
Maximinus the Thracian
235-238A.D.
Aurelian
r.270-275A.D.
Diocletian and Galerius
303-324A.D.
www.religionfacts.com/christianity/history/persecution.htm
Marcus Aurelius
Ptolemy, a pioneer of math,
c.168A.D. astronomy, and geography, dies Galen’s Methodus Medendo influences
180A.D.medicine for several centuries Jews forced to
135A.D. leave Jerusalem “Five Good Emperors”
Persecution of Christians
96-180A.D.
Dynasty 220A.D. Han ends – China Parthian
228A.D. Empire falls
0
Ch in
22 c.
Biblical/Christianity
Scandinavia brought into contact with the Roman c.200A.D. Empire through trade in bronze & other materials
ina
What made Rome’s “Five Good Emperors” unique was they all took power through being adopted as adults, and produced a strong and prosperous period of the empire from 96 A.D. to 180 A.D. However Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antonius Pius, and Marcus Aurelius still attacked Christianity and Christians. “Good” refers to how well they ruled the empire, not how well they treated everyone.
A. D.
World Events Inventions/Technology Civilizations/Empires
BOO! WHO? 200-900A.D.
How is a mummy made? Some cultures used salt or other mixtures to help preserve the body in this way, while it happened naturally in other cultures because of weather and other factors in the area people lived. When buried, moisture and bacteria that break down the body are absent and so the body doesn’t decay like usual. Mummies are often associated with ancient Egypt where the oldest mummies have been found. They exist elsewhere, including South America. Mummies of Peru are usually bundled up in either ropes and blankets, or woven baskets. Some are positioned as sitting, while others are curled in a fetal position.
gu n p ow de r be i n
a gm
de
12 Eye to the Night Sky
Ptolemy listed 88 star constellations – they are the same ones we know today. Among them is the seven-star wonder called The Big Dipper in North America or the Plough in Great Britain. It is even mentioned in the Bible in Amos 5:8. As for other bodies in the solar system – Mercury, Mars, Jupiter, Venus, Earth and its moon, as well as Saturn were all known to ancient civilizations. Other discoveries include: Uranus – 1781 by Sir William Herschel; Neptune – 1846 by Johann Galle; and Pluto – 1930 by Clyde Tombaugh, though it is now no longer classified as a planet.
(c.272-337); first Christian Roman Emperor, ruled from 306 to 337 A.D. He had the magnificent Church of the Holy Apostles built where he would be buried by his son. The church would house many holy relics until 1453 when the Ottoman Turks captured Constantinople. The church would be destroyed and a mosque was built on the site. Once part of a massive white e h t marble statue of Constantine, all that remains t ry a o a t z a t v I r are a few pieces – including the head and n Obse hiche C y — hands. The hand stands over 5 feet tall. t n Ci a y a M Mayans begin developing Egyptian accurate calendars, Roman A.D. A.D. c.300 hieroglyphic 235- Roman Empire c.391 A.D. 284 math, astrology Empire divides writing is lost 248A.D.nearly collapses & hieroglyphic writing Constantine the Great
292, Egyptians try unsuccessfully to 297A.D. over throw Roman control Edict of Milan by Constantine
220- Period of China’s 265- Jin Dynasty 265A.D. Three Kingdoms 420A.D. of China Diocletian divides Roman Empire
313A.D.allowing Christians religious freedom
All pagan temples in
391A.D. Roman Empire closed 320- The Gupta Empire 550A.D. controls much of India
330A.D.Byzantine Empire 303A.D.
293-313 AD The four tetrarchs represent the four emperors of the divided Roman Empire. Each half of the empire, Eastern and Western, had an older and younger emperor who co-ruled.
Death of St. George – best known for the dragon legend associated with him. This is one of many dragon legends around the world.
A drawing of Diocletian’s lavish palace in Split/Spalato done by the architect Ernest Hébrard. Lost language
When the temples were no longer used, eventually the intricate hieroglyphic language of ancient Egypt was forgotten as well. The symbols used within this oval shape called a cartouche (denoting a person of royal heritage) represent the name of an Egyptian ruler. For almost a thousand years, people were unable to decode the intricate language of ancient Egypt until a discovery in the 1700s provided an important key to solving this language mystery! (See Did you Know. A rock held the key!)
u
m er s
uc
f As ho
ia
e ur o p &E
ue
D.
Bu bo ni c
1206A.D 134 .G eng 8A. h
Charlemagne is born and by 800 A.D. will be not only the powerful king of the Franks but also Emperor of Rome until his death in 814 A.D.
Pl ag
is K ha n
c on
q
13
Moche culture
c.100-600A.D. thrives in Peru 410A.D.
Rome falls to the Visigoths
768A.D.
Muhammad is
570A.D. born, who founds Islam
Byzantine Empire begins to weaken 1071A.D.under a series of attacks. Vikings begin 793A.D.raids in Europe
1097A.D. 1st Crusade
1382A.D.
404A.D.
Wycliffe translates Bible from Latin to English
Jerome translates the Bible into Latin
1054A.D. Churches in the East and West officially part ways: Orthodox in the East and Roman in the West… with many others in between!
Moors in Spain and Portugal
Islamic forces expand territory through conquest and armed conflict in parts of Europe and the East between the early 6th century and beyond the period of the Crusades.
To repel the third invasion of Islamic conquests into Europe.
c. 500 AD King Arthur, a legendary British leader, defeats the Saxons. He is at the heart of many legends, including that of his sword Excaliber, but historical facts are few.
1
14
Incas e h t f ity o cchu Lost C .D Machu Pi 0A c.140
24A.D. 3 1 4 125 o Polo Asia & China M ar
c
Samurais
rule and war
1100-1877A.D. over the centuries in Japan
1
iscove D f o ry e ce nt g 13 ry
A
th
lands in the Americas
. .D
2A 49
Columbus
Spain and Portugal were driving forces in an age of exploration fueled by a need to colonize and create new trade routes for profit. With maps being almost non-existent at the time, these explorations helped to record new lands with each dangerous voyage, aiding in future trips.
u
-
1337- The Hundred Years’ War 1453A.D. for the French throne
t u ry cen
dies sailing around the world. His crew completes the journey.
1522A.D .
th
17
Magellan
1464A.D. death of Còsimo de
Mèdici, the founder of the powerful House of Medici, an Italian family that would dominate politics, religion, the arts, and finance in Italy until the mid-1700s.
Incan Empire
1533A.D. conquered by Spain
Toilet paper invented Gutenberg Shakespeare for the Chinese 1440A.D. invents the 1564A.D. and Galileo royal family printing press born
First real 1391A.D. 1326A.D. handgun invented in Italy
Protestant
ition quis n I anish 34A.D.Sp
1478-18
1500A.D. Last of the Moai on Easter Island are formed. The stone figures had been built for about a 250-year period.
Biblical/Christianity World Events Inventions/Technology Civilizations/Empires
c.1517A.D. Reformation begins People & events of the Reformation
John Knox born
Scotland
c.1505A.D.
John Calvin born
France
1509A.D
Martin Luther
Germany
1517A.D
Tyndale burned at the stake for NT translation
Belgium
1536A.D.
Geneva Bible
Switzerland
1560A.D.
15
hat the earth t es m u o g r
s e v
Imagine this beautiful doll walking toward you carrying a cup of tea. That is what many of the karakuri ningy, or mechanical puppet dolls, of Japan did.
a Taj Mahal
1631A.D. constructed
Jamestown,VA.
Gal i l eo
Early robotics
c. 1600sA.D.
nd the sun u o ar
Pilgrims arrive at
1611A.D.
1628A.D. John Bunyan born 1643A.D. Isaac Newton
King James Version Bible
Who discovered the world was created on a Sunday?
Archbishop James Ussher, born 1581, publishes The Annals of the World (1656), which gives the history of the world from creation to 70 A.D.
St. Petersburg
1703A.D. founded by Peter
ld fie s. ry ch ar ve ut ye te eD 0 os y th t 10 alm b os in ted lm es na r a nc mi fo va do ge Ad re en A e ld Go
1642A.D. English Civil War
w D. A.
1581A.D.
c.1700A.D. Cristofori, Italy
48 16
1607A.D. 1st English settlement 1620A.D. Plymouth in America
in the Americas The Spanish Armada 1588A.D. defeated by England
Piano invented by
1642A.D.
the Great, Russia
1662A.D. Presbyterian minister
Matthew Henry born
His mark can be heavily felt in many fields of science from gravitation to laws of motion to mathematics such as calculus. He affirmed Archbishop James Ussher’s chronology of earth history. Second only to the Bible! Bunyan is famous for writing the second most popular book in history:
The Pilgrim’s Progress.
The book is an allegory of faith, written while Bunyan was imprisoned because of his public preaching and expressions of personal faith principles.
Taj Mah al
Age of Reason
c.1650-1800A.D.
16
Embracing the spirit of enlightenment or the search for knowledge, this would be an age where the accomplishments of man were many. Yet, with new philosophies and discovery came a desire to question long-held biblical principles and authority. It marks the time when efforts to rely on man’s ideas led to a downfall in biblical authority.
Voyages of Captain 1728A.D. James Cook (Hawaiian Islands, Australia)
1769A.D. Napoleon – He was a military and political leader of France that led the empire of France into a number of wars, conquering most of Europe, finally being pushed back by Russia and removed from power and banished to the island of Elba. Later returning to power, he was again defeated at Waterloo. And again he was banished, but to the island of Saint Helena where he later died.
Mount Fuji The golden
16501730A.D. age of piracy
Spanish
William Carey (Great Britain),
in California
missionary efforts
1769A.D. missions created 1792A.D.a pioneering force in global 1760-c.1890s
A.D. U.S. Supreme
Mount Fuji
1791A.D. Court (1st case)
1707A.D. erupts, Japan 17541763A.D. French & Indian War,
America
1714A.D.
17751783A.D.
Revolutionary War, America
1788A.D. is colonized by the British
Australia
1789A.D. French Revolution
ends the monarchy
Anglican minister
1730-1760A.D
Great Awakening
born and was later famous for preaching that spurred on the Great Awakening to Christianity
Wesley was 1703A.D. John born; a founder of the
Methodist movement
1773A.D. Boston Tea Party
Antique Russian banknote from the begining of 20th century. Portrait of Catherine the Great, who ruled from 1762-1796A.D.
George Whitfield
1789A.D. George Washington
became 1st American president
1776A.D. Declaration of Independence
stated basic human rights and principles of democratic government. In 1787A.D. the U.S. Constitution made these principles the law of the land.
1776A.D. is the first military submarine (attempts were underway since 1620); it was used in the Revolutionary War, but failed
The Turtle
17 1829A.D. Braille printing for use by the blind is developed
1804A.D.
1st steam locomotive
1869A.D. First
Locomotives are the engine for the train, a series of attached cars to the locomotive.
transcontinental railroad (U.S.) completed
1830A.D.Invention of a
functioning sewing machine by Thimonnier (France)
1804-1806A.D.
a po
Lewis & Clark expedition
lea
1849A.D.
n,
emp
or or of Fr ance
Sacajawea, a Shoshone Indian, and her husband, were among the famed Lewis and Clark expedition, helping with interpreting and obtaining needed supplies.
1803- Napoleanic 1815A.D.War
William Hunt invents the safety pin
-1901A.D.Reign of Queen Victoria (U.K., India)
18 37
1804A.D.N
1815- British Imperial 1914A.D.Century
War of 1812
(lasted till 1815)
Mexico gains
1822A.D.independence from Spain
c.1770-1827A.D. Ludwig van Beethoven 1803A.D. Lousisana Purchase 1804A.D.World’s population 1 billion
1836A.D.Battle of the Alamo (Texas) David Livingstone arrives in southern Africa as a missionary; will in future explore the continent until his death in 1873
1807A.D.Slave Trade Act – Britain c.early Second Great Awakening – rise of 1800sA.D. literacy and revival efforts in the U.S.
1833A.D. Slavery outlawed by Britian with the efforts of William Wilberforce
1820A.D.
Missouri Compromise
1820A.D.
Antarctica Discovered
1817A.D.
1841A.D.
1850A.D.
1810A.D. Tin cans
are invented by Peter Durand
Charles Haddon Spurgeon begins preaching; dies in 1892
Baron von Drais invented the precursor to the modern bicycle
1819A.D.
Stethoscopes are invented by René Laënnec
1847A.D.
1st chocolate bar (Joseph Fry & Son)
18 1865A.D.The velocipede two wheels and made of wood. In 1870 an all-metal bicycle, the high wheel bicycle appears
American Presidential Assassinations Abraham Lincoln
1865A.D. 1881A.D. 1901A.D. 1963A.D.
James A. Garfield William McKinley
1848-1855A.D.
John F. Kennedy
California Gold Rush
Attempted Assassinations Andrew Jackson
1835A.D. 1933A.D. 1950A.D. 1975A.D. 1981A.D.
Franklin D. Roosevelt Harry S. Truman Gerald Ford Ronald Reagan phonograph talking doll motion pictures electric lamp electric voting machine
recorded music stock ticker
1847 -1931A.D.
1861-1865A.D. American Civil War or War Between the States
light bulb
Thomas Edison inventor
battery for electric car
1865A.D. Slavery ended in the U.S.
Japanese
1868-1947A.D. Empire 1894-1895A.D.
Darwin’s On the Origin of the Species is published
The telephone
patented by Alexander Graham Bell
William Booth begins ministering to the poor; will found the Salvation Army (U.K.); 1879 was the first meeting of the Salvation Army in America
1866A.D. Dynamite
ian, Dr. James nad
1852A.D.
th 189 ismi a 1 N
1876A.D.
invented by Alfred Nobel
ente d b y l inv Ca
Pony Express
1859A.D.
al
1860A.D.
1898A.D.
1st Sino-Japanese Spanish War (Japan & China over Korea) American War a s D.B ket b A.
Formerly Christian universities like 18701880A.D. Harvard and Yale become secular
1864A.D.
Formation of the
International Red Cross
1873 the American Red Cross is organized by Clara Barton
1867A.D. Purchase of
Eruption of Krakatoa
1883A.D. in Indonesia
Alaska
1870A.D.
P.T. Barnum’s show, after merging with another, became Barnum & Bailey Circus in 1888, travelling as the world’s largest circus. Barnum was a colorful figure, and one of the first to use a train to move his popular 3-ring circus. He also was an innovator of showmanship, even creating America’s first aquarium in 1856.
1896A.D.
The first modern Olympic Games are held in Greece
1883A.D. Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show
19
1903A.D.
Wright Brother’s first powered flight
1903A.D.
Henry Ford creates the Ford Motor Company; the Model T released in mass production in 1908
1922A.D.
Death of British explorer Sir Ernest Shackleton
1907A.D.
1912A.D. Titanic-sinking of
1927A.D.
1937A.D.
Charles Lindberg Amelia Earhart vanishes (Spirit of St. Louis) on her final attempt to circle first solo transat- the globe. lantic flight.
Great San Francisco 1906A.D. The Earthquake
1903A.D.
Billy Sunday,
1908A.D. FBI created
Assassination of 1914A.D. Archduke Franz Ferdinand (Austria)
1925A.D.John T. Scopes
baseball player trial over the teaching of human turned influential evolution in state; even though evangelist the Christians won the case, Christianity was replaced by secular humanism in schools
Inventor Nikola Tesla dies
D.
A. 3 .) 3 19on (U.S 9 ti 191rohibi P 1930-193 6A.D. The Dust Bowl (U.S .) 1 Th 929 eG re c. at De 19 pr 40 es sio A. 1914-1918A.D. n D.
Pearl H arbor
1st Pulitzer Prize awarded
The Great Train Robbery, one of the first films.
1943A.D.
First manufactured jet, Heinkel He 178 (Germany)
1st helicopter “unsinkable” flight (1930s before a German zepplin, the practical version Hindenburg, disaster in is worked out) Lakehurst, NJ
1917A.D.
1903A.D.
1939A.D.
the
1917A.D.Russian
known as the
Bombing of Pearl Harbor; U.S. enters World War 2
1939-1945A.D.
1927-1949A.D.
Revolution topples monarchy; royal family murdered
c.1920s decade
1941A.D.
Civil War in China; Taiwan separates
1945A.D.
1919-1946A.D.
United Nations replaces League of Nations
League of Nations
Roaring Twenties
1928A.D.
Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin (Scotland)
1928A.D.
America’s 1st television station on the air
The Holo caust
1933-1945A.D.
The Holocaust in Europe – millions of Jews, Poles, and others (men, women, and children) were first persecuted, then systematically murdered in concentration camps by Nazis led by Adolf Hitler, who believed some people groups were superior to others.
1944A.D.
development of TV dinners
Biblical/Christianity World Events
am Hoover D
Inventions/Technology Civilizations/Empires
20
Man in Space
1969A.D. 1981A.D. 1990A.D. 1998A.D. 2004A.D. 2011A.D.
e
ple live on t
0A.D. an est ima 200 t
1961A.D.
First man in space is Russian Yuri Gagarin First American in space Alan Shepard, Jr. Moon landing by Apollo astronauts (Neil Armstrong and Edwin Eugene “Buzz” Aldrin, Jr.) (First) Space Shuttle Columbia orbited the Earth 37 times Hubble Telescope launched into space Construction begins on the International Space Station Rovers land and explore the surface of Mars End of the U.S. Space Shuttle Program
n peo
he
pla n et
1961A.D.
d6
o billi
A Crowded World
2001A.D. iPod®
1977A.D.
Apple II the 1st successful personal computer
1973A.D.
Sept. 11 bombings of the
First mobile or cell phone call (idea dates back to 1947)
1968A.D.
Baptist minister
World Trade Center in New York City & Pentagon in Washington DC
Martin Luther King Jr., civil
2001A.D. 1994A.D. Apartheid ends 2004A.D. Devastating
rights leader, was assassinated
in South Africa after 46 years tsunami strikes southeast of racial segregation. Nelson Asia, killing over 230,000. Mandela, imprisoned for almost 30 years by the government, is democratically elected president.
1980A.D.
1945A.D.
The first atomic bomb detonated Hiroshima, Japan
Mt. St. Helens erupts in Washington State; erupts again in 1982
1989A.D. Fall of the Berlin Wall
2007A.D.
Creation Museum Opens-Petersburg, KY
1946-1991A.D.
Shifting Borders
Cold War - U.S. & Soviet Union
1950-1953A.D. Korean War (divided into North & South) 1955-1975A.D. Vietnam War (U.S. involvement ended in 1973) Reunification of Germany 1990A.D.
1947A.D.
President Harry Truman declares the U.S. is a Christian Nation Dead Sea Scrolls
1990-1991A.D. First Gulf War 1990-1991A.D. The collapse of the Soviet Union The Iraq War 2003A.D.
discovered.
1948A.D. Modern 1962A.D. State of Israel
created
1962A.D.
Henry Morris and John Whitcomb publish The Genesis Flood
Prayer
removed from state schools in the U.S. by order of the Supreme Court
2008A.D. The first African American elected as president of the U.S., Barack Obama
2010A.D. Arab Spring starts, North African & Middle East leaders overthrown.
2005A.D. The Ten Commandments removed from public buildings in the U.S.
1963A.D. The Bible is removed from state schools in the U.S.
2010A.D.
President Barack Obama declares the U.S. is no longer just a Christian Nation.
21
2010A.D.
Tablets become popular: The first iPad released
2015A.D.
Originally launched in 2006, NASA’s New Horizon mission briefly visited Jupiter before its history-making flyby of Pluto and its moons, marking the U.S. as the first nation to reach every planet of our solar system with a probe.
2004A.D.
Social media apps popularity explodes
2007A.D.
2003A.D.
Smartphones become popular: The first iPhone released
Successful mapping of the human genome
2012A.D.
U.S. rover Curiosity takes first selfie on Mars
2012A.D. Rise of robot technology: First driverless car licensed to drive in U.S. D.
6A. 1 20
Chicago Cubs baseball team win the World Series ending 108 year drought
2011A.D.
2011A.D. U.S. troops withdrawn from Iraq
Super Outbreak – over 350 tornadoes hit the U.S. and Canada over four days in late April.
2013A.D.
ISIS terrorists brutalize minority groups in Syria and Iraq
2015A.D.
The U.S. Supreme Court redefined the institution of marriage.
2014A.D.
2020A.D.
COVID-19 vaccine developed as virus kills over 3 million people worldwide
2016A.D.UK votes to leave
The ebola outbreak was the largest in history.
European Union
(Source: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
2021A.D.
2013A.D.
2014A.D.
South Africa’s iconic leader and former president Nelson Mandela dies at the age of 95.
Russia begins rebuilding its global influence
Joe Biden becomes 46th president of the United States
A full-scale, all-wood Noah’s Ark based on the dimensions provided in the Bible (Genesis 6), constructed in Williamstown, KY.
2016A.D. The History of Jesus
If you think the Bible is the only historical record of Jesus or early Christianity, then think again! Jesus and His disciples have been written about by many other ancient sources: Roman emperors discussed Christianity in letters, Greek physicians and philosophers in their books, as well as Jewish and Roman historians. There are also a number of early church leaders who provide interesting and historically accurate accounts of Jesus and how Christianity began spreading throughout the world. But most of all you have the Bible to read and learn about Jesus.
2017A.D. Museum of the Bible opens in Washington, D.C.
How will you make history? Whether you are enjoying the timeline for fun or it is part of your education program, we encourage you to study additional details and events on your own. We hope you will be inspired by what you learn and are already thinking of how you can change history.