Best Hyperaccumulator Plant From Nature To Clean & Neutralize Radioactive Nuclear Waste 9798224721146

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Best Hyperaccumulator Plant from Nature To Clean & Neutralize Radioactive Nuclear Waste by Jannah Firdaus Mediapro Cyber Sakura Flower Labs 2024

Jannah Firdaus Mediapro & Cyber Sakura Flower Labs

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Jannah Firdaus Mediapro & Cyber Sakura Flower Labs

Publishing 2024 3

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Chapter 1 Prologue

Hyperaccumulator plants are capable of removing and storing large amounts of radioactive nuclear waste from the environment. These plants are often used in phytoremediation, a process of using plants to remove pollutants from the environment.

Examples of hyperaccumulator plants include Sunflower, Thlaspi caerulescens, Pteris vittata, Stanleya pinnata, Vetiveria zizanioides and Euphorbia hirta. These plants have been used in the past to clean up the radioactive isotopes that were released during the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident in 1986. 5

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Additionally, some species of hyperaccumulator plants, such as Brassica juncea, have been shown to be effective at removing uranium from contaminated soil. Radioactive nuclear waste can be extremely dangerous to both humans and the environment. It has the potential to cause serious health problems and longterm environmental damage.

Radioactive Nuclear Waste can contaminate groundwater, soil, and air, and can spread to other areas, potentially causing serious health problems to people who come into contact with it. Radioactive nuclear waste can also have an effect on the environment, harming plants and animals and disrupting ecosystems. 6

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Chapter 2 Negative Effect of Radioactive Nuclear Waste For Human Health

Radioactive nuclear waste poses numerous negative effects on health, primarily due to its emission of ionizing radiation. Here are 13 negative health effects associated with exposure to radioactive nuclear waste: 1. **Cancer:** Ionizing radiation from nuclear waste can damage DNA, leading to mutations that increase the risk of various types of cancer, including leukemia, thyroid cancer, lung cancer, and bone cancer. 2. **Genetic mutations:** Exposure to radiation can cause mutations in germ cells, leading to hereditary genetic disorders in future generations. 3. **Radiation sickness:** Acute exposure to high levels of radiation can cause radiation sickness, characterized by symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and fever. Severe cases can be fatal.

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4. **Organ damage:** Radiation exposure can damage organs and tissues, leading to long-term health problems such as organ failure or impaired organ function. 5. **Birth defects:** Prenatal exposure to radiation increases the risk of birth defects, developmental abnormalities, and cognitive disabilities in newborns and infants. 6. **Immune system suppression:** Radiation can weaken the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections and diseases. 7. **Cardiovascular disease:** Chronic exposure to radiation has been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, including heart disease and stroke. 8. **Thyroid disorders:** Radioactive iodine released from nuclear waste can accumulate in the thyroid gland, leading to thyroid disorders such as hypothyroidism or thyroid cancer. 9. **Bone marrow suppression:** Radiation exposure can suppress the production of blood cells in the bone marrow, resulting in anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. 10. **Cataracts:** Exposure to radiation increases the risk of developing cataracts, leading to clouding of the lens of the eye and vision impairment.

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11. **Radiation burns:** High levels of radiation can cause skin burns, ulcerations, and tissue necrosis, leading to severe pain and potential complications. 12. **Long-term health effects:** Chronic exposure to low levels of radiation from nuclear waste can contribute to the development of chronic health conditions, such as autoimmune disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. 13. **Psychological impact:** The fear and uncertainty surrounding exposure to radioactive nuclear waste can have psychological effects, including anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among affected populations. Overall, the negative health effects of radioactive nuclear waste underscore the importance of stringent safety measures, effective containment, and proper disposal practices to minimize human exposure and mitigate the potential risks to public health.

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Chapter 3 Negative Effect of Radioactive Nuclear Waste For Nature & Environment

Radioactive nuclear waste not only affects human health but also has significant negative impacts on nature and the environment. Here are 13 such effects: 1. **Contamination of ecosystems:** Nuclear waste can contaminate soil, water, and air, leading to the spread of radioactive materials throughout ecosystems. 2. **Damage to biodiversity:** Exposure to radiation can harm plants, animals, and microorganisms, leading to decreased biodiversity and disruption of ecological balance. 3. **Mutations and genetic abnormalities:** Radiation exposure can cause mutations in wildlife, resulting in genetic abnormalities and reproductive issues, which can impact population dynamics and ecosystem stability. 13

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4. **Disruption of food chains:** Radioactive contamination can accumulate in food chains, leading to bioaccumulation and biomagnification of radioactive isotopes in animals and potentially reaching humans through the consumption of contaminated food. 5. **Loss of habitat:** The need for storage and disposal facilities for nuclear waste can lead to habitat destruction and fragmentation, displacing wildlife and disrupting natural habitats. 6. **Contaminated water sources:** Radioactive waste can leach into groundwater, rivers, lakes, and oceans, contaminating water sources and posing risks to aquatic ecosystems and organisms. 7. **Damage to marine life:** Discharges of radioactive materials into the ocean can harm marine life, including fish, shellfish, and marine mammals, affecting their health and reproductive success. 8. **Long-term ecosystem impacts:** Radioactive isotopes with long half-lives can persist in the environment for thousands to millions of years, continuing to exert negative effects on ecosystems over extended periods. 9. **Alteration of plant communities:** Radiation exposure can affect the growth, development, and reproduction of plants, leading to changes in plant communities and ecosystem structure. 14

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10. **Loss of agricultural productivity:** Contamination of farmland with radioactive waste can reduce agricultural productivity and pose risks to food safety and security. 11. **Disruption of natural processes:** Radioactive contamination can disrupt nutrient cycling, soil formation, and other essential ecological processes, leading to ecosystem dysfunction and degradation. 12. **Migration barriers:** Infrastructure associated with nuclear waste storage and disposal, such as barriers or exclusion zones, can obstruct the movement of wildlife and disrupt migration patterns, affecting species’ ability to access essential resources. 13. **Negative socioeconomic impacts:** Environmental damage caused by radioactive nuclear waste can have socio-economic consequences, including loss of livelihoods, reduced tourism, and decreased property values in affected areas. These negative effects highlight the importance of comprehensive risk assessment, stringent regulation, and responsible management practices to minimize the environmental impacts of radioactive nuclear waste and protect ecosystems for current and future generations.

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Chapter 4 Negative Effect of Radioactive Nuclear Waste For Economy & Business

The presence of radioactive nuclear waste can have significant negative effects on economies and businesses, affecting various sectors and aspects of economic activity. Here are 13 such effects: 1. **Decreased property values:** Areas near nuclear waste storage or disposal sites may experience decreased property values, impacting homeowners and real estate markets. 2. **Impact on tourism:** Regions with nuclear waste facilities may experience reduced tourism due to concerns about radiation exposure and safety, leading to decreased revenue for local businesses in the tourism industry. 3. **Loss of agricultural revenue:** Contamination of agricultural land with radioactive waste can lead to decreased agricultural productivity and crop yields, affecting farmers’ incomes and food production. 17

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4. **Increased insurance costs:** Businesses operating in areas with nuclear waste facilities may face higher insurance premiums due to the perceived risk of accidents or contamination, leading to increased operational costs. 5. **Regulatory compliance costs:** Businesses involved in the nuclear industry or located near nuclear waste sites may incur significant costs to comply with stringent regulatory requirements for safety, environmental protection, and waste management. 6. **Litigation expenses:** Companies responsible for radioactive waste disposal or cleanup may face lawsuits from affected individuals, communities, or environmental groups, leading to legal expenses and potential financial liabilities. 7. **Negative publicity:** Incidents or controversies related to radioactive waste can damage the reputation of businesses operating in the nuclear industry or located near waste facilities, leading to loss of consumer trust and market share. 8. **Investment uncertainty:** The presence of nuclear waste facilities in an area may deter potential investors or businesses considering relocation due to concerns about environmental risks and liabilities associated with radioactive waste.

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9. **Disruption of supply chains:** Businesses reliant on affected natural resources, such as fisheries or agriculture, may experience supply chain disruptions due to contamination or regulatory restrictions on the use of contaminated products. 10. **Healthcare costs:** Businesses may incur increased healthcare costs for employees due to potential health effects of radiation exposure, including medical treatment, insurance premiums, and disability benefits. 11. **Loss of workforce productivity:** Radiationrelated illnesses among employees or their family members may lead to absenteeism, reduced productivity, and increased healthcare costs for businesses. 12. **Impact on energy markets:** Public concerns about nuclear safety and waste management may influence energy policies and market dynamics, affecting investment decisions in nuclear power generation and renewable energy alternatives. 13. **Long-term economic uncertainty:** The longterm environmental and health risks associated with radioactive waste can create economic uncertainty for businesses and investors, impacting economic development, investment decisions, and regional growth.

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These negative effects underscore the importance of comprehensive risk management, regulatory oversight, and responsible corporate practices to mitigate the economic impacts of radioactive nuclear waste and ensure sustainable business operations.

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Chapter 5 Negative Effect of Radioactive Nuclear Waste For Agriculture & Food Security

The presence of radioactive nuclear waste can have detrimental effects on agriculture and food security, impacting both crop production and the safety of food supplies. Here are 13 negative effects: 1. **Contaminated soil:** Radioactive nuclear waste can contaminate soil with hazardous isotopes, making it unsuitable for agriculture and posing risks to food safety. 2. **Reduced crop yields:** Exposure to radiation can inhibit plant growth, reduce crop yields, and impair the quality of agricultural products, leading to decreased food production and potential economic losses for farmers.

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3. **Food contamination:** Crops grown in contaminated soil or irrigated with contaminated water can absorb radioactive isotopes, leading to contamination of food products such as fruits, vegetables, grains, and animal products. 4. **Health risks:** Consumption of food contaminated with radioactive isotopes can pose health risks to humans, including increased risk of cancer, genetic mutations, and other radiation-related illnesses. 5. **Loss of consumer confidence:** Incidents of food contamination or concerns about the safety of agricultural products can erode consumer confidence in the food supply chain, leading to decreased demand for affected products and potential economic losses for producers and retailers. 6. **Trade restrictions:** International trade in agricultural products may be disrupted or restricted due to concerns about food safety and contamination with radioactive isotopes, leading to economic losses for exporting countries. 7. **Impact on livestock:** Radioactive contamination of feed and grazing land can affect livestock health and productivity, leading to decreased meat and dairy production and potential economic losses for livestock producers.

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8. **Regulatory compliance costs:** Farmers may incur additional costs to comply with regulatory requirements for monitoring, testing, and mitigating radioactive contamination in agricultural products, increasing production expenses and reducing profitability. 9. **Loss of farmland:** Areas affected by radioactive contamination may be rendered unfit for agriculture, leading to loss of arable land and reduced agricultural productivity in affected regions. 10. **Disruption of food supply chains:** Contamination incidents or regulatory interventions related to radioactive nuclear waste can disrupt agricultural supply chains, leading to shortages, price volatility, and food insecurity for consumers. 11. **Economic downturn in rural communities:** Agricultural communities dependent on farming income may suffer economic downturns due to reduced crop yields, lower land values, and loss of market access resulting from radioactive contamination. 12. **Long-term environmental damage:** Radioactive contamination of agricultural land can persist for decades or even centuries, posing ongoing risks to food security and environmental health in affected areas. 13. **Challenges for future generations:** The longterm effects of radioactive nuclear waste on soil 23

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fertility, ecosystem stability, and food production may pose challenges for future generations, necessitating ongoing monitoring, remediation, and adaptation efforts. These negative effects underscore the importance of proactive measures to prevent radioactive contamination of agricultural resources, mitigate risks to food security, and ensure the safety and sustainability of food production systems.

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1) Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus)

After the Hiroshima, Fukushima, and Chernobyl nuclear disasters, fields of sunflowers were planted across the affected landscapes to help absorb toxic metals and radiation from the soil. New research now suggests that sunflowers (Helianthus) might be as good for the environment as they are pretty to look at. Sunflowers are what environmental scientists call hyperaccumulators– plants that have the ability to take up high concentrations of toxic materials in their tissues. Like all land-based plants, flowers have root systems that evolved as extremely efficient mechanisms for pulling nutrients, water, and minerals out of the ground, among them: zinc, copper, and other radioactive elements that are then stored in their stems and leaves. 25

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While the sunflower-radiation link would seem like a slow-gestating cure-all for modern environmental disasters, the research is still inconclusive as to the efficacy of all sunflower varieties to help stave off environmental pollution. Post-tsunami clean-up efforts in Fukashima, however, demonstrate a promising application of this discovery. One of the early successes in sunflower research came almost a decade ago when a phytoremediation company called Edenspace Systems completed a successful cleanup of a lead-laced plot in land in Detroit. (Phytoremediation is a technique for using plants to clean up contamination.) Sunflowers are widely used for their medicinal benefits. The leaves, stems, and flowers can be used in teas and tinctures to treat a variety of ailments, including high blood pressure, headaches, and arthritis. Sunflower seeds are also used for their health benefits, including reducing inflammation and regulating blood sugar. Additionally, sunflower oil has been used topically to treat skin conditions such as eczema and psoriasis.

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2) Thlaspi Caerulescens (Alpine Pennycress)

Thlaspi Caerulescens is an herb used in herbal medicine. It is a member of the Brassicaceae family, and is commonly known as pennycress, field pennycress or alpine pennycress. It is native to the Eurasian continent, and is most commonly found on rocks or soils enriched with lead or zinc. It has been used in a variety of herbal remedies, including as an alterative, diuretic, depurative, stomachic and tonic. It has also been used to treat skin issues, to reduce inflammation and to help with digestion. 27

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Thlaspi Caerulescens is a plant species that is considered to be a hyperaccumulator, meaning it is able to tolerate and accumulate toxic levels of metals such as zinc and cadmium. This species has been widely studied for its remarkable properties to tolerate toxic levels of metals and has been used in phytoremediation studies to remove toxic metals from the environment. It is also able to absorb and store metal ions in its cell walls and cytoplasm, and has been shown to be more tolerant to high levels of zinc and cadmium than other species.

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3) Pteris Vittata (Chinese Brake Fern)

Pteris Vittata, commonly known as the Chinese Brake fern, is an arsenic hyperaccumulator plant which has been used for the phytoremediation of arseniccontaminated soils. It is capable of accumulating up to 22,630 mg of arsenic per kg of dry weight, making it an ideal candidate for phytoremediation. Additionally, the plant can also be used to convert waste into useful products, such as bio-oil, biogas and biochar. Pteris vittata is an effective and efficient way to remove arsenic from contaminated soils, making it an invaluable tool for environmental remediation. Pteris vittata commonly known as Chinese brake or ladder fern, has a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine. It has been used to treat a wide range of conditions, from digestive issues to skin diseases. 29

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Research has shown that it has anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties, making it a potential treatment for many conditions. Additionally, Pteris vittata has been used to treat certain cancers, and studies have suggested that it may have anti-tumor effects.

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4) Stanleya Pinnata (Prince’s Plume)

Stanleya Pinnata is a species of flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae. It is native to the Southwestern United States and Northwestern Mexico, where it can be found in arid deserts, grasslands, and open woodlands. It is a perennial herb with erect stems and bright yellow flowers, often with a reddish hue. It is a member of the mustard family and is related to the plant known as Prince’s Plume. The plant is known for its showy flowers, which bloom in the Spring and attract pollinators. It is also known for its ability to grow in nutrient-poor soils, and it has been used in restoration projects in areas damaged by overgrazing.

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Stanleya innata is a species of flowering plant that is known to be a hyperaccumulator of heavy metals. It is native to the western United States and is known to accumulate high levels of zinc, nickel, and cadmium. Studies have found that Stanleya innata can accumulate up to 5,000 mg/kg of zinc and 2,000 mg/kg of cadmium. This makes it a valuable species for phytoremediation, as it can help to remove heavy metals from contaminated soils. Additionally, Stanleya innata has been found to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which can be beneficial for medicinal purposes.

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5) Brassica Juncea (Leaf Mustard)

Brassica juncea, also known as brown mustard, Chinese mustard, Indian mustard, leaf mustard, or vegetable mustard, is an annual herb in the Brassicaceae family. It is native to Southern and Eastern Asia, but is now widely cultivated for its edible leaves, seeds, and oil. The leaves are edible either raw or cooked, and can be used in a variety of dishes. The seeds can be used to make mustard, while the oil is used in cooking and as a flavoring agent. The plant is also grown as a cover crop to improve soil fertility and reduce weeds.

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Brassica juncea is a species of plant that is known to be a hyperaccumulator of various heavy metals, such as Lead, Chromium, and Cadmium. This makes it very useful in phytoremediation projects, wherein plants are used to remove pollutants from the soil. The plant is able to absorb these pollutants through its root system and store them in the cells of its leaves, stalks, and roots. Once the pollutants are absorbed, the plant can be harvested and disposed of safely. Additionally, Brassica juncea has been found to be more efficient at absorbing and storing heavy metals than other hyperaccumulator plants.

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6) Vetiveria Zizanioides (Vetiver Grass)

Vetiveria zizanioides, is a perennial bunchgrass of the family Poaceae. It is hardy to UK zone 8 and is frost tolerant, and is also known for its fragrant essential oil. Vetiveria zizanioides is used in many different ways, including for its antibacterial and antifungal properties, for its use in perfumes, and for its potential health benefits such as nephroprotective activity and natural antioxidant activity. Additionally, vetiveria zizanioides is used in traditional medicine for a wide range of ailments, including skin diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, and fever.Vetiveria zizanioides, commonly known as vetiver and khus, is a perennial bunchgrass of the family Poaceae.

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It is considered to be a hyperaccumulator plant, which means that it is able to accumulate much higher concentrations of heavy metals than other plants. Vetiveria zizanioides is known to accumulate lead, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and other heavy metals in its roots and can thus be used in phytoremediation processes to help clean up contaminated soils.

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7) Euphorbia Hirta (Asthma Weed)

Euphorbia Hirta is a high-value medicinal plant that is commonly used in herbal medicine. It has been used traditionally for respiratory ailments, such as cough and coryza, as well as for female disorders. Other uses for Euphorbia hirta include antidiarrheal, antimicrobial, and sleep quality-improving. Additionally, studies have shown that extracts from Euphorbia hirta possess anxiolytic and antidepressant effects. Euphorbia hirta is a plant species that has been identified as a hyperaccumulator of heavy metals such as arsenic, copper, lead, and aluminum. It has been used in phytoremediation and for restoration of saline soils. Studies have shown that this species is able to accumulate and store heavy metals from contaminated soils and water, thus making it a viable option for bioremediation. 37

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8) Hemp Dogbane (Apocynum Cannabinum)

Hemp dogbane (Apocynum cannabinum) is a hyperaccumulator plant that has been studied for its potential to remove heavy metals and other contaminants, including radioactive elements, from soil and water. While there is some evidence that hemp dogbane can absorb uranium and other radioactive elements, its ability to clean up nuclear waste is still being researched and has not been widely tested. Hemp dogbane is a hardy plant that is native to North America and can grow in a variety of soil types. It has a deep root system that allows it to absorb and accumulate heavy metals from the soil.

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However, like other hyperaccumulator plants, the use of hemp dogbane for phytoremediation of nuclear waste faces several challenges, including the need for large-scale plant growth and disposal of the contaminated plant material. It’s worth noting that while hyperaccumulator plants like hemp dogbane have potential for cleaning up contaminated sites, they are not a complete solution for nuclear waste cleanup. Other methods, such as excavation and disposal of contaminated soil, may also be necessary to fully remediate contaminated areas.

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9) Wild Mustard (Sinapis Arvensis)

Wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis) is a hyperaccumulator plant that has been studied for its potential to absorb heavy metals, including radioactive elements such as uranium, from contaminated soil. While it has been shown to be effective in removing these contaminants from the soil, its ability to fully neutralize nuclear waste is still being researched and has not been widely tested. When grown in contaminated soil, wild mustard can absorb and accumulate high levels of heavy metals, which can then be harvested and disposed of safely. However, like other hyperaccumulator plants, the use of wild mustard for phytoremediation of nuclear waste faces several challenges, including the need for large scale plant growth and disposal of the contaminated plant material. 40

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It’s worth noting that while hyperaccumulator plants like wild mustard have potential for cleaning up contaminated sites, they are not a complete solution for nuclear waste cleanup. Other methods, such as excavation and disposal of contaminated soil, may also be necessary to fully remediate contaminated areas. Additionally, the use of hyperaccumulator plants for phytoremediation of nuclear waste is still in the experimental stages, and further research is needed to determine its effectiveness and safety.

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References Vandenbosch, Robert & Vandenbosch, Susanne E. (2007). Nuclear waste stalemate. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press. ISBN 978-0874809039. Ojovan, M. I. and Lee, W.E. (2005) An Introduction to Nuclear Waste Immobilisation, Elsevier, Amsterdam. Health risk assessment from the nuclear accident after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. WHO. 2013. ISBN 978-924150513-0. Cleveland, Kyle; Knowles, Scott Gabriel; Shineha, Ryuma, eds. (2021). Legacies of Fukushima. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-81229800-0. Souri Z, Karimi N, Luisa M. Sandalio. 2017. Arsenic Hyperaccumulation Strategies: An Overview. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology. Baker, A. J. M.; Reeves, R. D.; Hajar, A. S. M. (1994). "Heavy metal accumulation and tolerance in British populations of the metallophyte Thlaspi caerulescens J. & C. Presl (Brassicaceae)". New Phytologist.

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