Automotive Technology: A Systems Approach [5 ed.] 1428311491, 9781428311497

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Table of contents :
CONTENTS......Page 4
PREFACE......Page 12
FEATURES OF THE TEXT......Page 15
THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY......Page 18
JOB CLASSIFICATIONS......Page 26
RELATED CAREER OPPORTUNITIES......Page 29
TRAINING FOR A CAREER IN AUTOMOTIVE SERVICE......Page 31
ASE CERTIFICATION......Page 32
SUMMARY......Page 33
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 34
SEEKING AND APPLYING FOR EMPLOYMENT......Page 36
ACCEPTING EMPLOYMENT......Page 43
WORKING AS A TECHNICIAN......Page 44
COMMUNICATIONS......Page 46
SOLVING PROBLEMS AND CRITICAL THINKING......Page 48
PROFESSIONALISM......Page 49
SUMMARY......Page 51
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 52
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND......Page 54
DESIGN EVOLUTION......Page 55
BODY SHAPES......Page 56
THE BASIC ENGINE......Page 58
ENGINE SYSTEMS......Page 60
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS......Page 63
HEATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEMS......Page 66
DRIVETRAIN......Page 67
RUNNING GEAR......Page 70
HYBRID VEHICLES......Page 72
SUMMARY......Page 73
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 74
MEASURING SYSTEMS......Page 76
FASTENERS......Page 77
MEASURING TOOLS......Page 84
HAND TOOLS......Page 92
SHOP EQUIPMENT......Page 103
POWER TOOLS......Page 105
JACKS AND LIFTS......Page 106
SERVICE INFORMATION......Page 109
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 113
ENGINE REPAIR TOOLS......Page 116
ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC SYSTEM TOOLS......Page 123
ENGINE PERFORMANCE TOOLS......Page 127
TRANSMISSION AND DRIVELINE TOOLS......Page 136
SUSPENSION AND STEERING TOOLS......Page 138
BRAKE SYSTEM TOOLS......Page 141
HEATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING TOOLS......Page 145
SUMMARY......Page 148
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 149
PERSONAL SAFETY......Page 151
TOOL AND EQUIPMENT SAFETY......Page 155
WORK AREA SAFETY......Page 161
RIGHT-TO-KNOW LAW......Page 165
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 168
REPAIR ORDERS......Page 170
VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION......Page 173
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE......Page 174
BASIC SERVICES......Page 176
HYBRID VEHICLES......Page 197
KEY TERMS......Page 199
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 200
MATTER......Page 203
ENERGY......Page 205
VOLUME......Page 208
FORCE......Page 210
MOTION......Page 212
WORK......Page 214
WAVES AND OSCILLATIONS......Page 219
LIQUIDS......Page 222
GASES......Page 224
HEAT......Page 226
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES......Page 228
ELECTRICITY AND ELECTROMAGNETISM......Page 232
KEY TERMS......Page 233
SUMMARY......Page 234
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 236
INTRODUCTION TO ENGINES......Page 237
ENGINE CLASSIFICATIONS......Page 238
ENGINE MEASUREMENT AND PERFORMANCE......Page 245
DIESEL ENGINES......Page 249
OTHER AUTOMOTIVE POWER PLANTS......Page 253
ENGINE IDENTIFICATION......Page 257
ENGINE DIAGNOSTICS......Page 258
EVALUATING THE ENGINE’S CONDITION......Page 264
NOISE DIAGNOSIS......Page 266
SUMMARY......Page 269
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 270
ASE-STYLE REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 271
REMOVING AN ENGINE......Page 272
ENGINE DISASSEMBLY AND INSPECTION......Page 279
CLEANING ENGINE PARTS......Page 281
CRACK DETECTION......Page 286
CASE STUDY......Page 288
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 289
ASE-STYLE REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 290
CHAPTER 11: LOWER END THEORY AND SERVICE......Page 292
SHORT BLOCK DISASSEMBLY......Page 293
CYLINDER BLOCK......Page 296
CYLINDER BLOCK RECONDITIONING......Page 298
CAMSHAFTS......Page 302
CRANKSHAFT......Page 309
CRANKSHAFT INSPECTION AND REBUILDING......Page 311
INSTALLING MAIN BEARINGS AND CRANKSHAFT......Page 313
PISTON AND PISTON RINGS......Page 319
INSTALLING PISTONS AND CONNECTING RODS......Page 324
INSPECTION OF CAMSHAFT AND RELATED PARTS......Page 327
INSTALLATION OF CAMSHAFT AND RELATED PARTS......Page 328
CRANKSHAFT AND CAMSHAFT TIMING......Page 329
OIL PUMPS......Page 330
OIL PUMP SERVICE......Page 332
CASE STUDY......Page 335
SUMMARY......Page 336
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 337
ASE-STYLE REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 338
CYLINDER HEAD......Page 339
COMBUSTION CHAMBER......Page 340
INTAKE AND EXHAUST VALVES......Page 341
VARIABLE VALVE TIMING......Page 347
CYLINDER HEAD DISASSEMBLY......Page 352
INSPECTION OF THE VALVE TRAIN......Page 356
SERVICING CYLINDER HEADS......Page 361
RECONDITIONING VALVES......Page 364
VALVE GUIDE RECONDITIONING......Page 366
RECONDITIONING VALVE SEATS......Page 368
VALVE STEM SEALS......Page 371
ASSEMBLING THE CYLINDER HEAD......Page 372
CASE STUDY......Page 373
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 375
ASE-STYLE REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 376
TORQUE PRINCIPLES......Page 378
GASKETS......Page 381
SPECIFIC ENGINE GASKETS......Page 384
ADHESIVES, SEALANTS, AND OTHER CHEMICAL SEALING MATERIALS......Page 388
OIL SEALS......Page 391
ENGINE REASSEMBLY......Page 392
INSTALLING THE ENGINE......Page 402
SUMMARY......Page 407
ASE-STYLE REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 408
LUBRICATION SYSTEM......Page 410
ENGINE LUBRICATION DIAGNOSIS AND SERVICE......Page 415
COOLING SYSTEMS......Page 417
COOLING SYSTEM DIAGNOSIS......Page 426
INSPECTION OF COOLING SYSTEM......Page 428
TESTING FOR LEAKS......Page 433
COOLING SYSTEM SERVICE......Page 437
CASE STUDY......Page 446
SUMMARY......Page 447
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 448
ASE-STYLE REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 449
BASICS OF ELECTRICITY......Page 450
ELECTRICAL TERMS......Page 452
OHM’S LAW......Page 455
CIRCUITS......Page 457
CIRCUIT COMPONENTS......Page 461
SUMMARY......Page 471
ASE-STYLE REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 472
ELECTRICAL PROBLEMS......Page 474
ELECTRICAL WIRING DIAGRAMS......Page 477
ELECTRICAL TESTING TOOLS......Page 478
USING MULTIMETERS......Page 482
USING LAB SCOPES......Page 491
TESTING BASIC ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS......Page 495
TROUBLESHOOTING CIRCUITS......Page 499
TESTING FOR COMMON PROBLEMS......Page 503
CONNECTOR AND WIRE REPAIRS......Page 507
CASE STUDY......Page 514
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 515
ASE-STYLE REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 516
BASIC BATTERY THEORY......Page 518
BATTERY RATINGS......Page 521
COMMON TYPES OF BATTERIES......Page 522
LEAD-ACID BATTERIES......Page 524
SERVICING AND TESTING BATTERIES......Page 530
NICKEL-BASED BATTERIES......Page 541
LITHIUM-BASED BATTERIES......Page 543
ISOLATING HIGH-VOLTAGE SYSTEMS......Page 545
JUMP-STARTING......Page 547
CASE STUDY II......Page 549
SUMMARY......Page 550
ASE-STYLE REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 551
BASICS OF ELECTROMAGNETISM......Page 553
STARTING MOTORS......Page 556
STARTING SYSTEM......Page 559
STARTER CIRCUIT......Page 560
CONTROL CIRCUIT......Page 563
STARTING SYSTEM TESTING......Page 564
STARTER MOTOR SERVICE......Page 571
CASE STUDY......Page 575
HIGH-VOLTAGE MOTORS......Page 577
SUMMARY......Page 584
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 585
ASE-STYLE REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 586
ALTERNATING CURRENT CHARGING SYSTEMS......Page 588
AC GENERATOR OPERATION......Page 592
VOLTAGE REGULATION......Page 594
NEW DEVELOPMENTS......Page 597
PRELIMINARY CHECKS......Page 599
GENERAL TESTING PROCEDURES......Page 603
AC GENERATOR SERVICE......Page 605
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 610
ASE-STYLE REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 611
LAMPS......Page 613
HEADLIGHTS......Page 614
HEADLIGHT SERVICE......Page 622
INTERIOR LIGHT ASSEMBLIES......Page 627
REAR EXTERIOR LIGHTS......Page 629
BASIC LIGHTING SYSTEM DIAGNOSIS......Page 636
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 638
ASE-STYLE REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 639
INSTRUMENT PANELS......Page 641
GAUGES......Page 642
BASIC INFORMATION GAUGES......Page 644
INDICATOR AND WARNING DEVICES......Page 647
DRIVER INFORMATION CENTERS......Page 652
SUMMARY......Page 654
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 655
ASE-STYLE REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 656
CAPACITORS......Page 657
SEMICONDUCTORS......Page 659
COMPUTER BASICS......Page 663
ON-BOARD DIAGNOSTICS......Page 673
MULTIPLEXING......Page 675
PROTECTING ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS......Page 679
DIAGNOSING BCMs......Page 680
TESTING ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS AND COMPONENTS......Page 681
SUMMARY......Page 684
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 685
ASE-STYLE REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 686
WINDSHIELD WIPER/WASHER SYSTEMS......Page 687
HORNS/CLOCKS/CIGARETTE LIGHTER SYSTEMS......Page 694
CRUISE (SPEED) CONTROL SYSTEMS......Page 695
SOUND SYSTEMS......Page 699
POWER WINDOWS......Page 701
POWER SEATS......Page 704
POWER MIRROR SYSTEM......Page 707
REAR-WINDOW DEFROSTERS AND HEATED MIRROR SYSTEMS......Page 708
OTHER ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT......Page 709
SECURITY AND ANTITHEFT DEVICES......Page 714
CASE STUDY......Page 717
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 718
ASE-STYLE REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 719
SEAT BELTS......Page 721
SEAT BELT SERVICE......Page 723
AIR BAGS......Page 725
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM COMPONENTS......Page 729
DIAGNOSIS......Page 733
SERVICING THE AIR BAG SYSTEM......Page 735
OTHER PROTECTION SYSTEMS......Page 736
SUMMARY......Page 739
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 740
ASE-STYLE REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 741
IGNITION SYSTEMS......Page 742
FUEL SYSTEM......Page 745
EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEMS......Page 746
ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEMS......Page 748
ON-BOARD DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEMS......Page 753
SYSTEM OPERATION......Page 756
OBD-II MONITORING CAPABILITIES......Page 757
OBD-II SELF-DIAGNOSTICS......Page 764
BASIC DIAGNOSIS OF ELECTRONIC ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEMS......Page 766
DIAGNOSING OBD-II SYSTEMS......Page 768
DIAGNOSING OBD-I SYSTEMS......Page 776
SUMMARY......Page 777
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 778
ASE-STYLE REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 779
USING SCAN TOOL DATA......Page 781
SYMPTOM-BASED DIAGNOSIS......Page 785
BASIC TESTING......Page 787
DIAGNOSIS OF COMPUTER VOLTAGE SUPPLY AND GROUND WIRES......Page 788
SWITCHES......Page 791
TEMPERATURE SENSORS......Page 792
PRESSURE SENSORS......Page 795
MASS AIRFLOW (MAF) SENSORS......Page 800
OXYGEN SENSORS (O2S)......Page 802
POSITION SENSORS......Page 811
SPEED SENSORS......Page 814
POSITION/SPEED SENSORS......Page 816
KNOCK SENSOR (KS)......Page 819
COMPUTER OUTPUTS AND ACTUATORS......Page 820
TESTING ACTUATORS......Page 821
SUMMARY......Page 824
ASE-STYLE REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 825
BASIC CIRCUITRY......Page 827
IGNITION COMPONENTS......Page 830
SPARK PLUGS......Page 832
TRIGGERING AND SWITCHING DEVICES......Page 836
ENGINE POSITION SENSORS......Page 837
DISTRIBUTOR IGNITION SYSTEM OPERATION......Page 839
ELECTRONIC IGNITION SYSTEMS......Page 840
EI SYSTEM OPERATION......Page 844
CASE STUDY......Page 849
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 850
ASE-STYLE REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 851
MISFIRES......Page 853
VISUAL INSPECTION OF IGNITION SYSTEMS......Page 854
NO-START DIAGNOSIS......Page 859
DIAGNOSING WITH AN ENGINE ANALYZER......Page 861
DIAGNOSING WITH A DSO OR GMM......Page 869
IGNITION TIMING......Page 871
BASIC PRIMARY CIRCUIT COMPONENTS......Page 874
SECONDARY CIRCUIT TESTS AND SERVICE......Page 880
SUMMARY......Page 888
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 889
ASE-STYLE REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 890
CHAPTER 29: FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEMS......Page 891
GUIDELINES FOR SAFELY WORKING ON FUEL SYSTEMS......Page 892
FUEL TANKS......Page 893
FILLER CAPS......Page 896
FUEL LINES AND FITTINGS......Page 898
FUEL FILTERS......Page 901
FUEL PUMPS......Page 903
SUMMARY......Page 913
ASE-STYLE REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 914
CHAPTER 30: ELECTRONIC FUEL INJECTION......Page 916
BASIC EFI......Page 917
THROTTLE BODY INJECTION (TBI)......Page 922
PORT FUEL INJECTION (PFI)......Page 924
CENTRAL MULTIPORT FUEL INJECTION (CMFI)......Page 929
GASOLINE DIRECT-INJECTION SYSTEMS......Page 930
LIGHT- AND MEDIUM-DUTY DIESEL FUEL INJECTION......Page 935
SUMMARY......Page 936
ASE-STYLE REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 937
CHAPTER 31: FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM DIAGNOSIS AND SERVICE......Page 939
PRELIMINARY CHECKS......Page 940
BASIC EFI SYSTEM CHECKS......Page 941
INJECTOR SERVICE......Page 952
FUEL RAIL, INJECTOR, AND REGULATOR SERVICE......Page 954
ELECTRONIC THROTTLE CONTROLS......Page 958
IDLE SPEED CHECKS......Page 960
KEY TERMS......Page 963
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 964
ASE-STYLE REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 965
VACUUM SYSTEMS......Page 966
AIR INDUCTION SYSTEM......Page 968
INTAKE MANIFOLDS......Page 969
FORCED INDUCTION SYSTEMS......Page 972
TURBOCHARGERS......Page 973
SUPERCHARGERS......Page 979
EXHAUST SYSTEM COMPONENTS......Page 982
CATALYTIC CONVERTERS......Page 983
EXHAUST SYSTEM SERVICE......Page 987
SUMMARY......Page 991
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 992
ASE-STYLE REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 993
POLLUTANTS......Page 995
EMISSION CONTROL DEVICES......Page 999
EVAPORATIVE EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEMS......Page 1002
PRECOMBUSTION SYSTEMS......Page 1005
POSTCOMBUSTION SYSTEMS......Page 1012
DIESEL EMISSION CONTROLS......Page 1018
SUMMARY......Page 1023
ASE-STYLE REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 1024
I/M 240 TEST......Page 1026
TESTING EMISSIONS......Page 1029
BASIC INSPECTION......Page 1032
EVAPORATIVE EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEM DIAGNOSIS AND SERVICE......Page 1035
PCV SYSTEM DIAGNOSIS AND SERVICE......Page 1040
EGR SYSTEM DIAGNOSIS AND SERVICE......Page 1042
CATALYTIC CONVERTER DIAGNOSIS......Page 1049
AIR SYSTEM DIAGNOSIS AND SERVICE......Page 1051
SUMMARY......Page 1054
ASE-STYLE REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 1055
CRUDE OIL......Page 1057
GASOLINE......Page 1060
BASIC GASOLINE ADDITIVES......Page 1061
OXYGENATES......Page 1062
GASOLINE QUALITY TESTING......Page 1063
ALTERNATIVES TO GASOLINE......Page 1064
DIESEL FUEL......Page 1068
ELECTRIC VEHICLES......Page 1070
HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES......Page 1071
FUEL CELL ELECTRIC VEHICLES......Page 1079
KEY TERMS......Page 1084
SUMMARY......Page 1085
ASE-STYLE REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 1086
OPERATION......Page 1088
CLUTCH MAINTENANCE......Page 1096
CLUTCH PROBLEM DIAGNOSIS......Page 1097
CLUTCH SERVICE......Page 1101
KEY TERMS......Page 1105
SUMMARY......Page 1106
ASE-STYLE REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 1107
TRANSMISSION VERSUS TRANSAXLE......Page 1109
GEARS......Page 1113
BASIC GEAR THEORY......Page 1114
TRANSMISSION/TRANSAXLE DESIGN......Page 1116
SYNCHRONIZERS......Page 1118
GEARSHIFT MECHANISMS......Page 1120
TRANSMISSION POWER FLOW......Page 1121
TRANSAXLE POWER FLOWS......Page 1125
ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS......Page 1129
SUMMARY......Page 1130
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 1131
ASE-STYLE REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 1132
LUBRICANT CHECK......Page 1133
IN-VEHICLE SERVICE......Page 1135
DIAGNOSING PROBLEMS......Page 1136
TRANSMISSION/TRANSAXLE REMOVAL......Page 1141
CLEANING AND INSPECTION......Page 1142
DISASSEMBLY AND REASSEMBLY OF THE DIFFERENTIAL CASE......Page 1148
REASSEMBLY/REINSTALLATION OF TRANSMISSION/TRANSAXLE......Page 1151
SUMMARY......Page 1152
ASE-STYLE REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 1153
FRONT-WHEEL-DRIVE (FWD) AXLES......Page 1155
TYPES OF CV JOINTS......Page 1156
FRONT-WHEEL-DRIVE APPLICATIONS......Page 1157
CV JOINT SERVICE......Page 1159
REAR-WHEEL DRIVE SHAFTS......Page 1164
OPERATION OF U-JOINTS......Page 1166
TYPES OF U-JOINTS......Page 1168
DIAGNOSIS OF DRIVE SHAFT AND U-JOINT PROBLEMS......Page 1169
DIFFERENTIALS AND DRIVE AXLES......Page 1170
LIMITED-SLIP DIFFERENTIALS......Page 1177
AXLE SHAFTS......Page 1178
SERVICING THE FINAL DRIVE ASSEMBLY......Page 1181
DIAGNOSING DIFFERENTIAL NOISES......Page 1186
SUMMARY......Page 1187
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 1188
ASE-STYLE REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 1189
CHAPTER 40: AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSIONS AND TRANSAXLES......Page 1190
TORQUE CONVERTER......Page 1191
PLANETARY GEARS......Page 1195
COMPOUND PLANETARY GEAR SETS......Page 1198
CONTINUOUSLY VARIABLE TRANSMISSIONS (CVT)......Page 1203
PLANETARY GEAR CONTROLS......Page 1206
TRANSMISSION CLUTCHES......Page 1208
BEARINGS, BUSHINGS, AND THRUST WASHERS......Page 1210
SNAPRINGS......Page 1212
GASKETS AND SEALS......Page 1213
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM......Page 1216
APPLICATION OF HYDRAULICS IN TRANSMISSIONS......Page 1217
SHIFT QUALITY......Page 1221
HYDRAULIC CIRCUITS......Page 1222
SUMMARY......Page 1229
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 1230
ASE-STYLE REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 1231
CHAPTER 41: ELECTRONIC AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSIONS......Page 1233
TRANSMISSION CONTROL MODULE......Page 1234
HYBRID TRANSMISSIONS......Page 1245
BASIC EAT TESTING......Page 1249
CONVERTER CLUTCH CONTROL DIAGNOSTICS......Page 1253
DETAILED TESTING OF INPUTS......Page 1255
DETAILED TESTING OF ACTUATORS......Page 1257
CASE STUDY......Page 1258
SUMMARY......Page 1259
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 1260
ASE-STYLE REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 1261
BASIC DIAGNOSTICS......Page 1262
FLUID LEAKS......Page 1267
ROAD TESTING THE VEHICLE......Page 1269
CHECKING THE TORQUE CONVERTER......Page 1270
DIAGNOSING HYDRAULIC AND VACUUM CONTROL SYSTEMS......Page 1273
COMMON PROBLEMS......Page 1276
LINKAGES......Page 1277
CASE STUDY......Page 1285
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 1286
ASE-STYLE REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 1287
TYPES OF FOUR-WHEEL DRIVES......Page 1288
FOUR-WHEEL-DRIVE SYSTEMS......Page 1291
INTERAXLE DIFFERENTIALS......Page 1294
FOUR-WHEEL-DRIVE PASSENGER CARS......Page 1299
DIAGNOSING 4WD AND AWD SYSTEMS......Page 1301
SERVICING 4WD VEHICLES......Page 1305
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 1311
ASE-STYLE REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 1312
WHEELS......Page 1314
TIRES......Page 1315
TIRE RATINGS AND DESIGNATIONS......Page 1320
TIRE/WHEEL RUNOUT......Page 1326
TIRE REPLACEMENT......Page 1327
TIRE REPAIR......Page 1328
INSTALLATION OF TIRE/WHEEL ASSEMBLY ON THE VEHICLE......Page 1331
TIRE/WHEEL ASSEMBLY SERVICE......Page 1332
WHEEL BEARINGS......Page 1333
SUMMARY......Page 1337
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 1338
ASE-STYLE REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 1339
FRAMES......Page 1340
SUSPENSION SYSTEM COMPONENTS......Page 1341
MACPHERSON STRUT SUSPENSION COMPONENTS......Page 1348
INDEPENDENT FRONT SUSPENSION......Page 1351
BASIC FRONT-SUSPENSION DIAGNOSIS......Page 1354
FRONT-SUSPENTION COMPONENT SERVICING......Page 1356
REAR-SUSPENSION SYSTEMS......Page 1362
SEMI-INDEPENDENT SUSPENSION......Page 1365
ELECTRONICALLY CONTROLLED SUSPENSIONS......Page 1368
SERVICING ELECTRONIC SUSPENSION COMPONENTS......Page 1372
ACTIVE SUSPENSIONS......Page 1374
SUMMARY......Page 1376
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 1377
ASE-STYLE REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 1378
MANUAL-STEERING SYSTEMS......Page 1380
POWER-STEERING SYSTEMS......Page 1387
ELECTRONICALLY CONTROLLED POWER-STEERING SYSTEMS......Page 1392
STEERING SYSTEM DIAGNOSIS......Page 1395
DIAGNOSIS......Page 1396
SPECIFIC CHECKS......Page 1399
STEERING SYSTEM SERVICING......Page 1405
POWER-STEERING SYSTEM SERVICING......Page 1407
FOUR-WHEEL STEERING SYSTEMS......Page 1410
SUMMARY......Page 1415
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 1416
ASE-STYLE REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 1417
CHAPTER 47: WHEEL ALIGNMENT......Page 1419
ALIGNMENT GEOMETRY......Page 1420
PREALIGNMENT INSPECTION......Page 1424
WHEEL ALIGNMENT EQUIPMENT......Page 1426
ALIGNMENT MACHINES......Page 1427
PERFORMING AN ALIGNMENT......Page 1428
KEY TERMS......Page 1438
ASE-STYLE REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 1439
FRICTION......Page 1441
PRINCIPLES OF HYDRAULIC BRAKE SYSTEMS......Page 1444
HYDRAULIC BRAKE SYSTEM COMPONENTS......Page 1446
MASTER CYLINDERS......Page 1447
MASTER CYLINDER OPERATION......Page 1450
HYDRAULIC TUBES AND HOSES......Page 1452
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM SAFETY SWITCHES AND VALVES......Page 1454
DRUM AND DISC BRAKE ASSEMBLIES......Page 1457
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM SERVICE......Page 1459
POWER BRAKES......Page 1466
PUSHROD ADJUSTMENT......Page 1467
HYDRAULIC BRAKE BOOSTERS......Page 1468
ELECTRIC PARKING BRAKES......Page 1470
SUMMARY......Page 1471
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 1472
ASE-STYLE REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 1473
DRUM BRAKE OPERATION......Page 1474
DRUM BRAKE COMPONENTS......Page 1475
DRUM BRAKE DESIGNS......Page 1477
DRUM BRAKE INSPECTION......Page 1481
BRAKE SHOES AND LININGS......Page 1489
DRUM PARKING BRAKES......Page 1492
CASE STUDY......Page 1494
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 1495
ASE-STYLE REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 1496
DISC BRAKE COMPONENTS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS......Page 1498
REAR-WHEEL DISC BRAKES......Page 1503
DISC BRAKE DIAGNOSIS......Page 1505
SERVICE GUIDELINES......Page 1507
GENERAL CALIPER INSPECTION AND SERVICING......Page 1508
REAR DISC BRAKE CALIPERS......Page 1515
ROTOR INSPECTION......Page 1516
ROTOR SERVICE......Page 1518
SUMMARY......Page 1520
ASE-STYLE REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 1521
ANTILOCK BRAKES......Page 1523
ABS COMPONENTS......Page 1524
TYPES OF ANTILOCK BRAKE SYSTEMS......Page 1528
ABS OPERATION......Page 1529
AUTOMATIC TRACTION CONTROL......Page 1536
AUTOMATIC STABILITY CONTROL......Page 1538
ANTILOCK BRAKE SYSTEM SERVICE......Page 1540
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING......Page 1541
TESTING TRACTION AND STABILITY CONTROL SYSTEMS......Page 1547
NEW TRENDS......Page 1548
SUMMARY......Page 1549
ASE-STYLE REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 1550
VENTILATION SYSTEM......Page 1552
AUTOMOTIVE HEATING SYSTEMS......Page 1553
HEATING SYSTEM SERVICE......Page 1556
THEORY OF AUTOMOTIVE AIR-CONDITIONING......Page 1558
REFRIGERANTS......Page 1559
BASIC OPERATION OF AN AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM......Page 1561
COMPRESSORS......Page 1563
CONDENSER......Page 1567
THERMOSTATIC EXPANSION VALVE/ORIFICE TUBE......Page 1569
EVAPORATOR......Page 1570
REFRIGERANT LINES......Page 1571
AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEMS AND CONTROLS......Page 1572
TEMPERATURE CONTROL SYSTEMS......Page 1574
CASE STUDY......Page 1578
SUMMARY......Page 1579
ASE-STYLE REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 1580
SERVICE PRECAUTIONS......Page 1582
REFRIGERANT SAFETY PRECAUTIONS......Page 1583
GUIDELINES FOR CONVERTING (RETROFITTING) R-12 SYSTEMS TO R-134A......Page 1584
INITIAL SYSTEM CHECKS......Page 1585
DIAGNOSIS......Page 1588
PERFORMANCE TESTING......Page 1589
LEAK TESTING......Page 1592
EMPTYING THE SYSTEM......Page 1595
GENERAL SERVICE......Page 1596
RECHARGING THE SYSTEM......Page 1604
CLIMATE CONTROL SYSTEMS......Page 1607
CASE STUDY......Page 1608
SUMMARY......Page 1609
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 1610
ASE-STYLE REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 1611
APPENDIX A: DECIMAL AND METRIC EQUIVALENTS......Page 1613
APPENDIX B: GENERAL TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS......Page 1614
GLOSSARY......Page 1615
INDEX......Page 1640

Automotive Technology: A Systems Approach   [5 ed.]
 1428311491, 9781428311497

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