AutoCAD 2010. Самоучитель
Самоучитель. — М.: Изд-во АСТ, Астрель, ВКТ, 2010. — 344 с., ил. Книга содержит теоретические основы и практические аспе
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Russian Pages [344]
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, 100 . , Surveyor's Units ) , . . 2.2 , , {S45W S40E) {N75 W N60E) – . . 2.2
, 60°, N60dE, N– . . North ( ), – ,
, , ,
(
, . . East ( 90°.
).
)
. Drawing Utilities ( ( ) ( . 2.3 )
,
Angle (
Units ) Units ( )
).
. , .
Primary Units ( Angle Format ( )( .
) . 2.36)
—
, . , . .
,
. .
–
Control ( )(
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
)( . 2.3 )
, Direction Drawing Units
. 2.4). Direction (
).
—
.
Angle (
) Clockwise (
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. Drawing Units ( ) ( . 2.5).
AutoCAD, , . , , ,
,
,
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, )
– Precision (
. Drawing Units ):
–
Length (
),
– Angle (
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. 2.5).
AutoCAD AutoCAD. , . AutoCAD
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; ; ; («
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, , .
Options,
Options ( .
) Options (
)
Options (
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,
. Options ( . 2.6):< > Files ( )– , Display ( )– ,
(
,
,
); ,
,
;
, ;
Open and Save (
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Plot and Publish (
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)–
,
,
; System (
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; )– ;
Selection ( ; Profiles (
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,
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: PRESSI ( HERSON )
;
,
, . .
Files ( ,
(
) ,
,
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(
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,
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(
. 2.6),
, , Drawing Template File Location ( . Browse (
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Options
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.
Display (
)(
. 2.7)
AutoCAD
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, .
Window Elements (
) Options ( ) ( Display scroll bars in drawing Window), Drawing status bar), ( Display screen menu), ( Use large buttons for Toolbar), ( Show ToolTips) ( Show shortcut keys in ToolTips). Colors ( ) Fonts ( ),
(
,
. .
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
. Drawing Window Color ( ,
. 2.8.
Display
), ,
: Context ( )-, Interface element ( )', Color ( ); Preview ( ). Context ( ) : 2D Model space (2D )– ( ) ; Sheet/layout (JIucm/ )– ; 3D Parallel projection (3D )– ; 3D perspective projection (3D )– ; Block editor )– ; Command line ( )– ; Plot Preview ( )– . , Context ) , Interface clement ( )– . , Color ( ) . , , Tint for X, V, Z ( X, Y, Z), . Drawing Window Colors ( ) Restore Current element ( ), Restore Current Context ( ) Restore all contexts ( ). , , .
Apply &Close (
). ,
. . Fonts ( Options ( Line Window Font ( , Close ( ) Cancel ( )–
Display (
)
Window Elements (
). ), ,
) Command . 2.9. Apply & .
)
Options (
)
: Layout Elements (
)– (Display printable area), {Display Layout and Model tabs) . .; Display resolution ( )– ( Arc and circle smoothness), Segments in a polyline curve), smoothness), {Contour lines per surface); Display performance ( . , Display ( control . Open and Save (
,
, (
)– )
)
. 2.10)
( Rendered object
Crosshair Size
Options ( ,
File Save (
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
)
. Save as (
Fade
) ,
)
(
,
AutoCAD). File Safety Precautions ( Automatic save ( ), , .
) Minutes between saves 10
.
( ) between saves , Security Options (
Minutes
10–15 . File Safety Precautions ( )
) , .
,
–
, . AutoCAD
– AutoCAD.
Interface (
). Manage (
Customize User ( . 2.11), )
Customization (
Customize (
)
User Interface (
)
).
Customize User Interface (
)
.
: Customization in All Files (
)– ;
Command List ( .
All Customization Files ( Main CU1 file (acad.cui) ( ; custom.cui — acetmain.cui — )', Open ( )– . , acad.cui ( acetmain.cui (
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
)–
, Customization in All Files ( : )– ; CU1 (acad.cui)) –
)
; Express
AutoCAD ), custom.cui ( ).
CUI-
: )
Transfer (
)
Customize User Interface (
) CUI-
,
. : Customization in All Files ( Tabs ( ),
) Ribbon ( New (
Tab
(
).
) . 2.12).
(
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. Insert Separator ( Command list ( Files (
n Customizations in All
).
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. «
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,
: 1. ), 2.
Customize User Interface ( Customizations in All Files ( Keyboard shortcut ( )( Shortcuts ( ) Keys ( ), .
) . 2.13). ,
, Shift, Ctrl ,
, «
»
Alt.
.
AutoCAD . ,
,
. : ; ; ; ;
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
,
. Profiles
)
Options ( Available Profiles (
)(
. 2.14). )
,
.
: Set Current ( Available Profiles Add to List ( ; Rename ( Delete ( )– ); Export ( )–
)– ; )– )–
; (
, . arg ;
Import (
)–
. arg, ;
Reset (
)–
,
AutoCAD
. , AutoCAD
. arg.
.
Add to List (
)
Add Profile ( ) ) ( . 2.15).
( Description (
) Profile
(
)
AutoCAD (
,
). AutoCAD 2010
,
,
,
. (
,
,
AutoCAD
,
, ).
AutoCAD 2010 .
AutoCAD ,
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1. Options ( 2. 3.
: User Preferences ( ) ( . 2.16). Initial Setup ( ,
) ). (
: Architecture ( )– Civil Engineering ( Electrical Engineering ( Manufacturing ( )– Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing (
. 2.17). ;
)–
;
)–
; ; ,
)– ;
Structural Engineering (
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
)–
; Other (
)–
. .
4. Next ( ( 3D Modeling ( D-
)– ;
). . 2.18): D-
Photorealistic Rendering ( D-
)– ;
Review and Markup (
)– ;
Sheets Sets ( .
)– .
Use
( . 2.19): exiting drawing template file –
–
,
;
Use a new ,
default drawing template based on your previous choices — AutoCAD
, ;
Use AutoCAD 2010's default drawing template file – AutoCAD 2010.
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
6. AutoCAD
,
,
(
. 2.20).
3
AutoCAD .
. – ,
AutoCAD
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.
AutoCAD ,
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.
.
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AutoCAD. .
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, AutoCAD 2010
. .
,
, . .
.
X Y.
. :
, . . X,
– Y.
, ,
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
.
3.1 (
. 3.1),
.
( 1.
3.1).
Line,
Enter,
Line ( Draw ( 2. 3.
)
), (
). (0,0)
Enter.
Specify next point or [Undo]
(50,70)
Enter.
Undo, U. ,
.
4.
(100,0). (U)
Undo,
. 5.
0,0 Enter ( Line).
(
Close)
Enter
3.1 Command: Line Specify first point: 0,0 Specify next point or [Undo]: 50,70 Specify next point or [Undo]: 100,0 Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 0,0 Specify next point or [Undo]: J
.
: ;
–
, ). : [X
–
,
( 60
1), 30° : 60 Specify second end point of circle's diameter:
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]
T,
AutoCAD
. , .
,
. , , . Command: Circle Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: T Specify point on object for first tangent of circle: , > Specify point on object for second tangent of circle: , > Specify radius of circle : Enter > ,
, . , (
, AutoCAD
). , .
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
. , Circle does not exist ( ). 5.2
, (
. 5.3).
(
.
5.3):
1. Circle
, (100,120) (40).
2.
Line (160,50)
(260,160).
3.
Nearest (
)
. 5.3
, ,
. 4.
Circle .
5.
, ,
6. . 7. (40). 5.2
Command: Circle Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: 100,120 Specify radius of circle or [Diameter]: 40
.
Command: Line Specify first point: 160,50 Specify next point or [Undo]: 260,160 Specify next point or [Undo]: J Command: Point Current point modes: PDMODE=2 PDSIZE=10 Specify a point: < > Command: Point Current point modes: PDMODE=2 PDSIZE=10 Specify a point: < > Command: Circle Specify center point for circle or [ /2 / Ttr (tan tan radius)]: T Specify point on object for first tangent of circle: < > Specify point on object for second tangent of circle: < > Specify radius of circle : 40
( Circle ( )
Tan, Tan, Tan ( ), ( ).
) Draw , .
, AutoCAD ,
, .
,
,
,
Command: Circle Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: < Tan> _3p Specify first point on circle: _tan to < Specify second point on circle: _tan to < Specify third point on circle: _tan to
> >
ARC , ,
. ,
. Arc
AutoCAD
, . . . Arc Draw ( . (3 POINTS)
11
Arc.
( ( 2).
–
1),
(
–
Arc (
),
)
(
).
. 5.5) 3)
(
–
. .
5.3
.
, , Arc.
, .
Node (
).
1.
( Point 3: 200,170)
. . 5.5) 2: 190,270)
2.
(
1: 100,120),
(
5.3):
. Arc Node (
Specify start point of arc or [Center] ).
3. 4.
. Node ( (
)
(
) )
(
. 5.5).
5.3 Command: Point Current point modes: PDMODE=0 PDSIZE=0.0000 Specify a point: 100,120 Specify a point: 200,170 Specify a point: 190,270 Command: Arc Specify start point of arc or [Center]: Specify second point of arc or [Center/End]: < Specify end point of arc:
> > > ,
(START, CENTER, END)
[Center/End]
( . 5.5)
(
, Specify second point of arc or ( 4),
)
. .
, .
5.4 , ,
, (
1. or [Center]) 2. 3.
.
( . 5.4): Arc
). (Specify start point of arc
(
. 5.5) (100,120). Specify second point of arc or [Center/ End] (Center). Specify center point of arc 4: 116,212).
4.
, (190,270). . 5.5,
AutoCAD
,
5.4.
5.4 Command: Arc Specify start point of arc or [Center]: 100,120 Specify second point of arc or [Center/End]: Specify center point of arc: 116,212 Specify end point of arc or [Angle/chord Length]: 190,270 , (START, CENTER, ANGLE) ,
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
. 5.4) or [Angle/chord Length] (Angle),
Angle.
Specify end point of arc ) A
( (Specify included angle) . ,
(
–
. 5.6).
,
(START,
CENTER, LENGTH) , . chord Length. [Angle/chord Length] Length), ( . 5.7).
( (Specify length of chord)
( 5.5) Specify end point of arc or ) L (chord
, ,
174 (
. 5.7 )
, (
2 . 5.76). . ,
(START, END, ANGLE)
,
(
. 5.6). (
(
2).
1)
, .
5.5
. . 1.
Arc
(Specify start point of arc or [Center]) (100,120). (Specify start point of arc or [Center/End]) ( ) (End). Specify end point of arc ( 2:
. 5.6) 2. 3. 190,270). 4. 5.
A (Angle). (138°). AutoCAD
. 5.6, ,
5.5.
5.5 , Specify start point of arc or [Center]: 100,120 Specify second point of arc or [Center/End]: E Specify end point of arc: 190,270 Specify center point of arc or [Angle/Direction/Radius]: A Specify included angle: 138
Command: Arc
, (START, END, DIRECTION) –
(
. 5.8). , .
, ,
. 5.6
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
, ,
, .
(
( 1.
. 5.86)
(
. 5.8 ).
5.6): (Specify start point of arc or [Center])
Arc
(100,120). Specify second point of arc or [Center/End] ( ) (End). Specify end point of arc ( 2: 190,270). D (Direction). ,
2. 3. 4. 5. .
( ,
.
. 5.8 ): (9.7°);
(
. 5.86): (-9.7°);
,
5,
(240,140). ,
,
5,
(240,96). . 5.8.
AutoCAD , 5.6
,
,
5.6. Command: Arc
Specify start point of arc or [Center]: 100,120 Specify second point of arc or [Center/End]: E Specify end point of arc: 190,270 Specify center point of arc or [Angle/Direction/Radius]: D Specify tangent direction for the start point of arc: 9.7 , (START, END, RADIUS) , ,
(
. 5.9).
( 5.7) Specify center point of arc or
(Radius). Specify radius of arc 115.3).
R R, ( (
, 2) . 5.96).
.
( ,
,
,
. 5.9 ) 1)
–
(CENTER,
START, END) Start, Center, End (
,
, (
) . 5.9).
,
. 5.7. 5.7 , Command: Arc Specify start point of arc or [Center]: Specify center point of arc: 116,212 Specify start point of arc: 100,120 Specify end point of arc or [Angle/chord Length]: 190,270 , (CENTER, START, ANGLE) , ( (
. 5.6).
5.7) (
Angle. )
A (Angle),
, Start, Center, Angle (
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
(Specify included angle) .
– ,
. ,
)
,
. , (CENTER, START, LENGTH) , . 5.7). chord Length. L (Length), . ,
( (Specify length of chord)
)
, Start, Center, Length (
(CONTINUE) Continue ( . 5.10). Start, End, Direction ( , ,
,
,
,
,
).
).
. 5.7 Continue Continue ( . 5.10): 3).
(
Arc ,
,
Arc.
, (
( 1. (
1);
(
2);
5.8). , 1: 100,160;
Line 2: 350,80).
2. (Specify start point of arc or [Center]:)
Arc Enter. . 3.
(
),
(450,150). 4.
Arc
(Specify start
point of arc or [Center]:) . –
Enter.
. 5.
, (600,150). 5.8
Continue Command: Line Specify first point: 100,160 Specify next point or [Undo]: 350,80 Specify next point or [Undo]: J Command: Arc Specify start point of arc or [Center]: < Specify end point of arc: 450,150 Command: Arc Specify start point of arc or [Center]: < Specify end point of arc: 600,150
Arc
Continue
Enter>
Continue
Enter>
RECTANG AutoCAD
Recta ng. Rectangle ( ) ( Rectang,
Draw ( .
, AutoCAD
,
. «
), ),
»
Explode. Rectang AutoCAD , .
Command: Rectang Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/ Thickness/Width]: < > Specify other corner point or [Dimensions]: > : Chamfer – ,
(
),
; Elevation – XY; Fillet – Thickness –
, (
)
; , Z;
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
Width – Dimensions –
; . , AutoCAD
,
. ,
Rectang.
.
Specify first corner point, Rectang,
.
. . Specify other corner point
,
.
,
, . , . . D (Dimensions). Command: Rectang Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/ Fillet/Thickness/Width]: < > Specify other corner point or [Dimensions]: D Specify length for rectangles : < > Specify width for rectangles : < > Specify other corner point or [Dimensions]: >
(Chamfer) ,
. AutoCAD
, .
. . Rectang
.
,
Chamfer
Fillet. Fillet (
.
. 5.11). Fillet,
rectangles)
(Specify fillet radius for ,
(
40). ,
.
. Rectang
.
,
Fillet
Chamfer. Width, (Specify line width for rectangles) . Rectang
.
,
Width.
ELLIPSE , . AutoCAD
Ellipse,
,
, Ellipse ( (
), ).
Draw ( AutoCAD
) ,
(
. 5.12 ). ,
.
, .
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
, PELLIPSE
1(
0). ( . 5.126).
. ,
. .
, Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/Center]:
> > ; , , ,
. , (AXIS, END) , . (
Specify axis endpoint of ellipse , Specify other endpoint of axis – . 5.13).
(Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation])
-
,
. (
– 50),
. . , ,
( Rotation,
.
)
– .
(ROTATION)
1
, 2,
.
, ,
.
,
(0°), ,
(89.4°)
,
. ,
( (
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
2,
4), 3).
(CENTER) ( . 5.14), ,
Axis, End ( , ) (Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/Center]) (Center)
, Specify center of ellipse . Rotation ( ).
, (
),
. . Ellipse Ellipse Arc ( Draw (
Arc. ), (
)
).
. ,
,–
.
,
, .
,
,
–
, . , . .
AutoCAD
: ; ; . (START, END ANGLE) –
. 5.15).
,
1
2
(
1).
,
– ,
.
, , .
5.8 ,
. 5.15,
. (
)
,
. ( Ellipse
5.9): Arc. ,
(220, 310)
(640, 310)
.
3. . 3 (430,400). (Specify start angle) , , (Specify end angle)
4. . 5. ,
, (24°). . ,
, . . 5.9 Command: Ellipse Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/Center]: A Specify axis endpoint of elliptical arc or [Center]: 220,310 Specify other endpoint of axis: 640,310 Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation]: 430,400
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
(-124°). ,
Specify start angle or [Parameter]: 24 Specify end angle or [Parameter/Included angle]: -124
(START ANGLE, INCLUDED ANGLE) . [Parameter/Included angle]
Specify end angle or , Specify
, Included angle
included angle for arc ,
(
. 5.16). .
(START, END PARAMETER) ,
(
. 5.17).
4 (
).
, ).
4
5
,
. ,
.
POLYGON AutoCAD
, . ,
. AutoCAD
Polygon, ,
Rectangle ( )
), (
Draw ).
( .
) ,
, (
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
. 5.18 ), ,
, (
. 5.186).
,
. , . Command: Polygon Enter number of sides : < Specify center of polygon or [Edge]:
> Enter an option [Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle] : < : I (Inscribed in circle) – ; (Circumscribed about circle) – > Specify radius of circle: < , , > Specify radius of circle , , , .
,
.
, .
. Specify center of polygon or [Edge] . Command: Polygon Enter number of sides < 4> : < Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: E Specify first endpoint of edge: < Specify second endpoint of edge: < 5.10 Command: Polygon
E (Edge).
> > >
Enter number of sides < 4> : 6 Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: E Specify first endpoint of edge: 0,0 Specify second endpoint of edge: 20,0 Command: Polygon Enter number of sides < 6> : J Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: E Specify first endpoint of edge: < > Specify second endpoint of edge:
AutoCAD
,
Fill Trace
.
Trace. FILLMODE. Line (
)
.
, . width < 1.0000>
Specify trace ,
, ,
.
. Trace TRACEWID. 5.9 (
. 5.19),
20 .
( 1.
5.18). FILLMODE.
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
(
0), 1)
(
, Regen.
2.
Trace (20).
3. (
1),
.
(
,
2)
( ,
,
3)
. , Enter.
, .
5.11 Command: FILLMODE Enter new value for FILLMODE < 1> : 0 Command:Trace Specify trace width < 1> :20 Specify start point:50,50 Specify next point: 150,120 Specify next point: 250,20 Specify next point: J
AutoCAD ( . 5.20).
, – .
AutoCAD
Donut,
Draw (
Donut ( (
)
), ).
Donut ,
.
,
, . .
,
,
« ,
, . , .
FILLMODE. 1, FILLMODE = 0,
»
.
AutoCAD
, (
Spline Draw (
). Spline (
)
), (
). AutoCAD –
, ). Command: Spline Specify first point or [Object]: < 0> Specify next point: Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] : ( Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] : ( Enter –
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
( :
> F)> F)> Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] : > Specify start tangent: Enter
> Specify end tangent: Enter
> :
Object – ,
,
,
(
)
.
Pedit;
Close –
. ;
Fit tolerance –
,
. Fit tolerance,
.
0,
(
. 5.21).
5.10 , 4 , ,
, AutoCAD ( Spline
1. (
. 5.22 ( Fit tolerance = 50 . , . 5.12).
1)
), . 5.22
(70,50).
2.
( 100,100).
3.
, Fit tolerance ,
4. 3: 140,10;
4:170,60).
, ; Specify fit tolerance . 5.22.
5. Enter . 6.
– . ,
(
, Enter),
, 5: 190,80).
( 5.12
Command:Spline Specify first point or [Object]: 70,50 Specify next point: 100,100 Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] : F Specify fit tolerance < 0.0000> : 50 Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] : 140,10 Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] : 170,60 Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] : J Specify start tangent: J Specify end tangent: 190,80 . Specify start tangent – .
TEXT (Single Line Text) AutoCAD , , ,
,
. Text,
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
Text (
Single Line Text ( )
), Annotation (
). ,
.
, .
Command: Text Current text style: < , > , Text height: < , Specify start point of text or [Justify/Style]: < : Justify – > Specify height < 20> : < , Specify rotation angle of text < 0> : < , Enter text: < > Enter text: < Enter >
, > ; Style – > >
. . ,
,
, (
.
,
(
). Middle),
,
, (
AutoCAD (Left),
. 5.23).
14
, ,
– 15 (
. 5.1). :
Command: Text Current text style: «Standard» Text height: 20 Specify start point of text or [Justify/Style]: J Enter an option [Align/Fit/Center/Middle/Right/TL/ TC/TR/ML/MC/MR/BL/ BC/BR]: < , >
Align ( ) ,
Fit (F) . ,
. , Fit (F)
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
, . .
Align ( )
, ,
.
, ,
. .
. , ,
, ,
. (
(
)
Standard , AutoCAD
).
( – 20
). :
Command: Text Current text style: «Standard» Text height: 20 Specify start point of text or [Justify/Style]: S Enter style name or [?] : < Enter , ?– > Enter text style(s) to list < *> : < Enter >
,
( Styles (
) ,
(New)
, (Delete)
,
Style. . 5.24). ,
.
(
),
.
Font ) ,
Size (
)
Text Style (
) :
{Font Name),
{Font
Style),
{Paper Text Height). Effects ( .). ), Apply (
)
(
,
Font (
)
),
Effects
,
. New ( New Text Style ( .
5.25),
). )(
. style 1,
. , )
,
New Text Style )
Text Style ( , .
.
(
. 5.26)
Font Name
).
,–
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
, AutoCAD,
…AutoCAD 2010Fonts ,–
.shx. ,
True
,
Windows. . AutoCAD . shx, ). ).
Use Big Font ( Font Style
Big Font .
, ( )
Effects ( : Upside down ( Backwards ( Vertical (
). , )–
;
)–
;
)–
,
, (
Width Factor (
. .
,
);
)– ( 1–
, Oblique Angle ( ,
1 );
)– ( ).
–
Preview ( ,
,
)
Text Style (
) ,
,
. Preview (
). Apply
)
Close (
,
, . .).
. 5.2.
). (
. : %%.
,
,
%% %% Enter text
Text
.
«
1
126.
»(
%%nnn, &
,
,
. 5.28).
nnn
%%038.
6
, .
,
, .
MLINE —
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: PRESSI ( HERSON )
1
16,
.
AutoCAD
Mline.
: Command: Mline Current Settings: Justification = Top, Scale = 20.00, Style = STANDARD Specify start point or [Justification/Scale/Style]: < ) Specify next point: < > Specify next point or [Undo]: < (Undo) > Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: < : (Close) – ; U (Undo) – > : Justification – ( – , ; Zero – – , ); Scale – ; Style – .
U
; Bottom
: (Offset),
, ,
,
. . Multiline
AutoCAD Styles (
>
)(
. 6.1),
Mistyl . :
Styles (
) ;
Description (
)
.
Multiline Style (
)
,
: Load (
)– ) ( . 6.2), . mnl,
)
Load Multiline Styles ( ( ,
);
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
File ,
Save )– ), mnl; Rename ( Current ( Name ( ).
Save Multiline Styles ( .
)
)– Multiline Styles ( Modify (
( ,
))
)
(
. 6.3),
. Elements (
Modify Multiline Style ( ),
) ,
.
. ( ). Add ( 16.
).
,
, ,
0.
Elements ),
Delete (
). Modify Multiline Style :
) Color ( )– Linetype ( )– Offset ( )– Color ( ) Select Color (
; ; . . Index Color (
), ,« ;
magenta, black) 6
» ,
)
: {red, yellow, green, cyan, blue, : 250, 251,252, 253, 254,
255; ByLayer ( ( – ByLayer) 240 ) . AutoCAD 2010 )
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
) (
ByBlock ( ) – ByBlock) ; AutoCAD Color Index (ACI); U
(True Color) , PANTONE. Select Color ( . True Color ( ) True Color, Color Books ( ) PANTONE. Linetype ( ) ( . 6.3). Select Linetype ( ) ( . 6.4), .
Color
Load ( )
Reload Linetypes ( (
)
. 6.5).
. Offset (
Elements ( ) ( . 6.3).
, . ,
, ,
0.
)
Load or
, ,
. . Modify Multiline Style
). : Display joints ( ; Line ( )– (End) ( Outer arc (
)– (Start) . 6.6); )–
,
, )–
Inner arcs (
(Start) ,
Angle (
(Start)
)– 170°);
MLINE ,
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
( ,
(End)
Style),
Mline
. 6.6); (
( 10°
(Justification, Scale
(End)
. 6.6);
,
.
Justification . : ,
Bottom –
, (
–
. 6.7 );
,
, (
Zero –
. 6.76);
,
, Scale mline scale < >
, XxN,
0(
. 6.7 ). .
Enter ,N– ).
X–
( ,
0.5
20 ( . 6.7 ), – 10 ( . 6.7 ). , ( . 6.7 ). ( 10 ) 0.5, : Command: Mline Current Settings: Justification = Top, Scale = 20, Style = STANDARD : – ; – 20 ; – > Specify start point or [Justification/Scale/Style]: S Enter mline scale : 10 Current Settings: Justification = Top, Scale = 10.00, Style = STANDARD Specify start point or [Justification/Scale/Style]: < > Specify next point: < > Specify next point or [Undo]: < > Specify next point or [Undo]: J
0,
,
. .
, , . . . , , . .
.
, .
Style
.
Enter
mline style name or [?]
? .
POLYLINE — ), ).
( ,
,
.
, .
Pline, : Command: Pline Specify start point: < > Current line-width is 0.00 Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/ Width]: < ) Specify next point or [ /Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/ Width]: ( Close) > > : Arc – ,
>
; Halfwidth – Length – Undo – Width – Current line-width is 0.00
; ; ; . .
POLYLINE Polyline, ,
. Width.
: Command: Pline Specify start point: < > Current line-width is 0.0000 Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: W Specify starting width : > Specify ending width : < > Specify next point or [ /Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/ Width]: < > Specify next point or [ /Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/ Width]:
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
Enter> > Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width] . . Enter. , ( . 6.8), : – 100,200; – 280,200), ( 10 30) ( 6.1). 6.1
(
Command: Pline Specify start point: 100,120 Current line-width is 0.0000
Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/ Width]: W Specify starting width : 10 Specify ending width : 30 Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/ Width]: 280,200 Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/ Width]: J . Halfwidth, , Width, , ; . ,–
. Length. .
L (Length)
,
, Specify next point or [ Specify length of line
(
, . 6.9).
] . Arc.
,
(
. 6.9).
Specify next point or [ ] (Arc). , . < > Specify next point or [ /Halfwidth/Length/Undo/ Width]: A Specify endpoint of arc or [Angle/Center/Direction/ Halfwidth/Line/Radius/Second pt/Undo/Width]: < > : Endpoint of arc – , ; Angle – , – (
A
); Center –
, AutoCAD
, ( , );
Direction –
,
-
( AutoCAD
,
); Halfwidth –
( );
Line – Radius –
; ,
(
( Second pt –
Angle)
);
, ;
Undo – Width –
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
,
; (
).
—
AutoCAD, , . ,
,
,
,
,
. ,
,
, ,
. ,
, . ,
—
.
, (
. 6.10).
,
. ,
, .
—
, . . —
,
,
, AutoCAD – (
. ,
, . ), (
, ,
. 6.11). .
—
,
. ,
(
6.12).
, ,
. (
DIMASO
On).
. –
, .
).
(
) . ,
, –
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
.
, . —
,
,
. ,
,
(
.
6.13).
,
. ( , AutoCAD.
, .
.
( . 6.15), {Decimal), (Fractional).
, . 6.14).
DIMENSION (
Annotate (
)(
)
Dimensions ( . 6.16).
), . 6.1. .
, Dimension (
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
),
. 6.1.
. DIMLINEAR Dimlinear. Linear Dimension ( :
).
Command: Dimlinear Specify first extension line origin or : < Enter> Specify second extension line origin: > Specify dimension line location or[Mtext/Text/Angle/ Horizontal/Vertical/Rotated]: < , ( ), > Dimension text = 150 < > : Mtext – , ( , ); Text – , , , AutoCAD ; Angle – , ; Horizontal – , ; Vertical – , ; Rotated – , ( ) . , Specify first extension line origin or Enter,
,
.
, .
DIMLINEAR Mtext. Text Editor (
),
, . 6.17),
, ,
,
.
AutoCAD
,
. ,
. Text AutoCAD >
, .
, Enter dimension text
. Dimlinear.
Angle
Rotate ( . 6.18). Specify angle of dimension text – angle of dimension line – ,
( ,
Horizontal
Vertical.
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
( Rotate).
Angle)
Specify
.
DIMALIGNED ,
,
Dimaligned.
Aligned Dimension ).
, ,
. 6.19). Command: Dimaligned Specify first extension line origin or (
:
)
. :
Predefined ( AutoCAD; User defined (
)–
, )– ;
Custom (
)– . pat. AutoCAD Pattern (
. ),
.
«…», Hatch Pattern Palette ( . ANSI ( . 6.33) ANSI ISO,
), ISO AutoCAD.
,
.
AutoCAD ).
Hatch and Gradient ( Other Predefined (
) ( . 6.34) Hatch Pattern Palette (
, ).
,
Solid
, .
. ,
, .
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
, Hatch and Gradient ( Angle ( ) X . HPANG. , , Scale (
, )(
. 6.32).
, Angle ( )
).
. HPSCALE. . Relative to paper space (
) AutoCAD ,
( ). Spacing (
) (
1). HPS ISO pen width (
,
. ISO) . Hatch and Gradient ( .
)
: Pick points ( .
)– ,
,
,
;
Select objects (
)–
, . ;
Remove boundaries (
)– (
Recreate boundaries (
);
)– )
( ; View selections ( Hatch and Fill,
)–
Boundary
,
;
Inherit properties (
)– .
,
Double ( , .
90°
),
, )–
Option Associative).
( ,
. –
.
, )
Hatch and Gradient ) ( . 6.35).
( )More Options ( , .
Island detection style ( « ». , . AutoCAD Normal ( (
«
»)
«
».
) )
,
.
, ,
–
(
. 6.36).
, –
;
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
–
: Normal (
).
Normal (
) Outer (
HPNAME
N.
) (
. .
).
,
–
.
Outer
HPNAME
.
Ignore )
, HPNAME
Ignore
(
).
I.
Boundary retention ( ,
. .
)
.
,
.
Retain boundaries (
) . :
. Boundary Set ( ; .
) , .
, . New (
,
.
)
– Current Viewport ( ). Existing Set (
– ).
,
,
.
6.1 Bhatch
(
. 6.37 .
(
1.
. 6.37 ) 6.2).
, .
2. Hatch (
Bhatch ),
Draw (
(
)
).
3.
Hatch and Gradient ( Hatch ( ) – ,
Pattern ( ) Angle ( ) Scale (
) )
ANSI31, 2.
,
. 4. «
»)
, Advanced (
Normal (
Island detection style ( )
),
Select Objects (
)
.
5.
Enter ( Preview (
Hatch and Gradient), )
,
, . 6.376. 6.
.
Hatch ( Hatch and Gradient ANSI31, Angle ( 90 2. , , .
7. 8. )
, Hatch and Gradient ,
)
Scale (
), Hatch ( )
) 90°
,
Pick Points ( Enter.
) Preview .
, . 6.37 , 6.2.
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
6.2 Command: Bhatch Select objects:
Specify opposite corner: 3 found Select objects: J
Command: Bhatch Select internal point:
Selecting everything… Selecting everything visible… Analyzing the selected data… Analyzing internal islands… Select internal point: J
Table
Insert Table (
Table (
Table ( Annotate (
)
Table Style (
) . .
Standard, .
Table Style (
).
)( ), ).
. 6.38).
,
Insertion Behavior ( . ), ) Column width ( ),
) Specify insertion point ( , Data rows ( Specify window (
).
Insert Table ( )
, ) Row height (
, OK
Columns
)
,
. ,
Cell (
Table
) , (
:
– . 6.39).
.
. . (
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
,
,
Explode, ).
«
»
, . ,
. ,
Insert Table ( ),
) ( . 6.38) . 6.40. ,
–
Table Style
–
Set Current (
: )–
Style',
New (
Style ( ( New Style Name) Start With); Modify ( )– Styles ( . ) . 6.42.
)– )(
Create New Table . 6.41),
, , );
Delete (
)–
Create New Table Style ( Continue ( ). New Table Style ( ),
New Table Style (
)
Cell styles (
),
, (Data),
(Header
Title).
. , General (
Cell styles ( )
(Format)
( ( ,
)
. , (Alignment),
(Fill Color),
). Margins ( ) Horizontal) ( Vertical) , New Table Style ( ,
. ),
, Text (
) (Text Height),
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
. , (Text Color)
(
Text style), (Text angle).
Borders (
) (Li– neweight), Table direction (
, {Linetype)
{Color). )
Down
),
, (
. 6.42).
Up
),
(
. , ( . 6.43). ), Cut (
, , ), Paste ( .
Alignment (
, ,
), Properties ( ,
) .
),
, Cell
Match Cell (
),
. , Insert (
. )
, ,
. Edit Text (
) ). Borders
), ),
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
Cell Border Properties ( . 6.44.
(Border Properties), . Columns ( Columns (
).
) Insert ,
,
Right
)
Left (
)–
. ,
Rows ( ).
) Insert Rows ,
,
Above ( Below (
)
)–
. ),
– Columns (
Rows ( ) | Delete Rows ) Delete Columns (
). –
Properties (
),
. 6.45.
7
AutoCAD ,
,
, ,
,
(
)
,
. . AutoCAD .
,
AutoCAD, Properties (
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
, ), Layers ( ), Styles ( ) ( . 7.1). ( ). AutoCAD 2010, ).
Properties (
,
Annotation ( , – Object
),
. ,
.
Properties (
)
: Color (
)–
; Linetype (
)–
; Lineweight ( ;
)–
Plot Style (
)–
. Layers (
)
:
.
Make Object's Layer Current ( ;
)–
Layers Properties Manager ( ;
)–
Layer (
,
)–
( ); Layer Previous (
)– Annotation (
. )
. : Text Style Manager (
)–
; Text Style Control (
)– ;
Dimension Style Manager (
)– ; Dim Style Control (
)– ;
Table Style Manager (
)– ; Table Style Control (
)– .
,
, –
, ,
. List,
Select objects
.
AutoCAD. . ,
, AutoCAD ,
, )
.
AutoCAD 2010
– (
(
),
24-
). By Layer ( , . ,
(«
»)
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
Color ( ). Select Color ( . AutoCAD :1– ;2–
,
),
;3–
1 255. ;4–
;5–
).
;6–
; 7–
( Index Color (
). True Color ( True Color ( )
). Select
)
Color (
)(
) . 7.2),
Color Books {
. PANTONE, RAL DESIGN Color books {
RAL CLASSIC. ).
True Color 16 . 24HSL ( ,
,
,
)
RGB (
). Color Model (
). Color
(
)
. ,
,
, ( Color (
– ), – Select Color (
. Color, ).
),
—
, (
).
( ByBlock)
(ByLayer
Linetype (
) Continuous, .
)
:
, Linetype Manager ( ,
Other ( )
).
. 7.3). )
Format (
)
Linetype .
Linetype, ,
. Linetype ( Description ( Appearance (
), .
:
)–
; )–
; )–
.
, Load or Reload Linetypes ( Available Linetypes ( ( . File ( )
,
,
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
Load ( ) – acadiso.lin), , .
)
:
,
,
.
1 ,
.
,
,
, ,
. ,
, . , Show Details (
)
. ,
Global scale factor (
. 7.4. )
. .
–
LTSCALE. linetype scale factor
Enter new . .
,
1,
– 2,
. .)
.
.
LTSCALE, ,
LTSCALE , ,
.
, ,
LTSCALE , LTSCALE
, 0.5.
,
0.5,
1, LTSCALE
CELTSCALE. Current object scale ISO pen width
) ISO)
ISO. CELTSCALE .
CELTSCALE : (
)
–
( ,
Enter new value for
, ).
, . ,
LWT (Lineweight)
,
–
. ,
Properties ( Lweight Lweight
,
Line weight ( ), , Lineweight Format ( Lineweight Settings (
).
),
).
. 7.5.
, Lineweights Display Lineweight (
,
0
2.11
) LWT.
0.25
.
Default (
)
DEFAULT. DEFAULT
, (0.01 ,
) DEFAULT
LWDEFAULT.
,
, .
,
, , .
Adjust Display Scale ).
. , ,
, .
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
Lineweights (
),
AutoCAD –
. , . AutoCAD
. . – .
,
. , .
,
,
–
. . ,
.
; ,
. ,
–
. . . .
AutoCAD 2010 ,
, . Layer,
Layers Properties Manager ( Layer Properties Manager,
). . 7.6 (
Layer –
).
. . , , .
,
, »
«
,
. . . ,
.
,
, ,
. ( (
)
),
.
,
(
0),
. , , —
Delete (
).
,
. , Current (
)
. ,
,
, ,
,
. . ;
,
:
,
,
;
,
. ,
Name ( On (
)– )–
:
1
31 (
; ,
)
( ,
,
–
Freeze in all VP (
); )–
(
,
)
(
,
,
); Lock (
)–
(
)
,
–
Color (
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
,
( ,
)– ByLayer ( Linetype (
,
); ,
); )–
,
–
ByLayer ( )–
Lineweight ( )– Plot (
) , )', U Plot Style (
ByLayer ( ;
, )– ,
–
,
). , Invert filter) Apply to layers toolbar).
( Layer (
( New (
), Layerl,
. 7.6),
, . . . 1.
,
.
,
,
.
, . 2.
. ,
,
–
),
,
3.
.
.
Color (
,
) ByLayer (
).
( Select Color ( »
« »
), ).
.
4.
.
Linetype (
)
,
, ByLayer. ), ),
Select Linetype . 7.7.
, Load (
, Load or Reload Linetypes (
) ).
5.
.
Lineweight ( ,
, ByLayer. ( Lineweight (
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
),
), . 7.8.
)
6. –
.
, ,
.
,
, ,
.
– .
AutoCAD
. , . . ,
255
, 255. . ctb.
,
. .
,
, .
,
,
. stb. ,
Stylesmanager. Plot Styles (
Windows ), . Plot Style Table Editor (
), . , .
,
, .
. —
, .
,
.
. Properties ( Filter (
Layer Filter ),
. 7.9.
)
,
. , , ,
, .
, )
, Color (
, , white
)
. . All Used Layers ( ,
,
, ), ,
white (
,
, .
:
(*), (?),
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
, .
).
, , .
, ,
,
. Property Settings )( .
. 7.10).
, ,
,
,
, , ,
–
.
, : , (
1. 2.
. Clipboard (
)
Math Properties ( 3. ,
)
).
, ,
.
4.
, Settings (
Property Settings (
), ,
). . 7.10,
,
.
Properties, Palettes (
, ) Properties
View (
). ,
. 7.11. , No selection (
). .
Properties (
)–
.
, ,
. , Properties
,
. ,
,
. ,
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
– .
: Quick Select (
)– (
);
Select Objects ( ;
)–
Toggle value of PICKADD Sysvar ( PICKADD) – PICKADD 1 0,
0(
— ). PICKADD
, Properties 1,
. , ,
0–
. Properties,
,
.
: Close ( )– Close, Description ( ); Undo (
Properties( ); )– Properties(
,
)–
,
(
,
). ,
Properties .
, ,
. , ,
(
) ,
.
Qselect,
Quick Select ( Utilities ( ) Quick Select (
Qselect ),
, Apply to (
( (
)
), ). . 7.12). ,
: Entire drawing ( Current selection (
)–
;
)– Object type ( ) Quick Select (
.
. )
,
,
.
, . Properties ( ) . Operator ( ) , Properties ( (); Properties
How to apply (
) . ), .
set ( , ) ,
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
.
Include in new selection set ( , Exclude from new selection ) , , . Append to current selection set , ,
,
–
, .
,
. ;
,
; . .
AutoCAD ,
(ISO-25), )
(
.
Dimstyle, ).
Dimension Style ( Annotation ( ) Dimension Style Manager . 7.13
Dimstyle ),
),
. Current Dimstyle ( ,
) (
), –
,
. Styles ( List ( Styles in use ( )
). ). ).
.
All styles ( Don't list styles in Xrefs ( ,
)
Preview of (
), .
, ( ( Compare).
Set Current), Modify),
( (
New), Override)
( ,
Styles (
),
Set Current.
, New (
)– ),
Copy of ISO-25 (
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
Create New Dimension Style ( . 7.14. New Style Name ( ) ISO-25, ISO-25). Start With ( – , .
. )
Use for (
)
,
. ,
dimensions
).
,
,
, .
,
All dimensions (
Style Name ( Use for { Linear dimensions ( U Angular dimensions ( U Radius dimensions ( U Diameter dimensions ( U Ordinate dimensions ( U Leaders and Tolerances (
)
)
New
. )
: ); );
); ); ); ). Create New Dimension Style ( , New Dimension Style (
) )–
Continue ), .
Lines ( ), . Dimension Lines ( : Color (
. 7.15, ) )
. ,
(ByBlock), («
. Other
»)
)
AutoCAD; Lineweight ( .
)
( ,
) ,
(ByBlock);
Extend beyond ticks (
) .
,
,
.
– Baseline spacing ( ) . 7.17
, )
. 7.16 ; ( . 6
, ;
Suppress Dim line (
) ,
,
( Suppress Dim line 2) .
. Suppress Dim line 1) , ( . 7.18). , .
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
Extension Lines (
) : Color (
)
(
); Lineweight (
)
(
); Extend beyond dim lines (
) .
, . 7.19
,
–
. ,
Offset from origin (
;
) . 4
,
. 7.20
;
Suppress Ext line (
) . . Symbols and Arrows (
),
. 7.21, .
Arrowheads ( :
) First (
) ;
Second (
Arrow size (
Leader ( )
) ; )
. .
Center marks ( , )). None ( )– Mark ( )– , Line ( )– . .
) (
Size
: ; ( ); ,
,
,
. Text (
),
. 7.22, . )
Text appearance (
,
: Text style ( .
,
Text Style, ;
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
)
,
Text color (
)
; Text height (
)',
Fraction height scale (
)
. , ;
Text height ( ), Draw frame around text (
)
, .
Text placement (
) . Vertical (
) :
Centered ( Above (
)–
;
)– ;
Outside (
)–
, ; Horizontal ( (
Centered (
)
. 7.23):
)– ;
At Ext Line 1 (
)– ;
,
At Ext Line 2 (
)– ;
Over Ext Line 1 ;
)– Over Ext Line 2 ( .
)–
View Direction ( : Left-to-Right ( Offset From dim line ( . Text alignment (
) Right-to-Left ( )
)
).
) :
Horizontal (
)– ;
Aligned with dimension line (
)– ;
ISO Standard ( ISO (
ISO) – , ,
Fit (
–
).
)
,
,
, (
. 7.24).
, .
Fit Options (
)
,
, : Either the text or the arrows, whichever fits best – AutoCAD , ; Arrows ( )– , , ( , Text ( )– , , (
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
, ,
,
), ; ),
, Both text and arrows (T
; )– –
, (
), ; Always keep text between ext lines —
, .
, Suppress arrows if they don't fit inside the extension lines, , , Text placement (
. )
,
. When text is not in the default position, place it, :« », , : Beside the dimension line ( )– , ; Over the dimension line, with a leader ( )– , , ; Over the dimension line, without a leader (He )– , . Scale for dimension features ( )
, Use overall scale of (
: )–
, ,
; Scale dimensions to layout (paperspace) ( ,
)–
). ,
Fit
Fine tuning (
)
: Place text manually (
)–
,
, ); Draw dim line between ext lines ( ,
)– .
Primary Units ( ,
),
, .
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
. 7.25,
Linear dimensions (
) . Unit format (
) : Decimal (
Engineering (
), Scientific ( ), Fractional ( ).
), Architectural ( Precision (
),
)
.
Fraction
format (
).
, .
Decimal separator ( ( ,
) Round off ( . Prefix (
).
) )
, AutoCAD). Suffix (
)
,
( Linear dimensions (
AutoCAD).
), – Measurement scale ( Scale factor ( ),
.
, )–
.
,
). (Leading) . 0.120 .120, Angular dimensions ( .
Apply to layout dimensions only ( – Zero suppression ( (Trailing), ,
) , 0.120
0.12.
)
.
Deg/Min/Sec ( Units (
, ),
Units format ( ) : Decimal Degrees ( , ), Grads ( ), Radians ( Precision ( )
), ), Surveyor's
. Alternate Units ( (
),
. 7.26, ),
.
,
,
. , . (
(
Below primary value
After primary value ). Multiplier for alt units (
)
). . 0.03937 (1/25.4), ,
, ,
Tolerances (
.
),
. 7.28, ,
. . Tolerance format (
,
)
,
. Method (
)
. :
None (
)– ); Symmetrical ( ; Deviation (
( )– )– ;
Limits ( Basic (
)–
;
)– Method (
. AutoCAD
) ,
. Precision (
)
. Upper value (
)
. Scaling for Height (
) .
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
Lower value (
)
Vertical position (
) .
Bottom ( Middle (
),
(
)
). ,
Zero suppression ( . Alternate unit tolerance (
) ) .
Precision (
) Zero suppression (
, ) .
, Close (
New Dimension Style ( ).
)–
8
«
» AutoCAD
,
. (
)
.
,
( ) ).
( , .
,
,
,
.
-
Select object, ,
,
. ,
(«
»
),
,
.
,
,
,
.
, . –
(
.
),
. , (
,
). , . . «
» – Select object. ( . 8.1).
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
,
,
,
, .
,
AutoCAD
,
Shift. Selection ( . 8.2).
)(
Options ( Selection Modes (
)
).
Use Shift to add to selection (
Shift
), Shift.
,
, Microsoft Office
Word, Visio
.). , . ,
. ,
.
, .
,
. AutoCAD
,
, :
Window –
, ;
Crossing – ,
, ,
. , Select objects
Crossing).
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
W(
Window)
(
Block . 8.3 Window
.
Crossing Block
. ,
. :
Command: Block Select objects: < Specify first corner: < > Specify opposite corner: < 4 found
W>
> ,
>
,
. Window
Crossing
. 8.4.
, . .
,
.
Enter, Specify end point of line or [Undo] Undo. . ,
. , .
,
,
.
AutoCAD
,
, : WPoligon –
, ;
CPoligon – ,
, , WPoligon
. CPoligon
, .
WP
Select object Specify endpoint of line or [Undo]
.
,
Enter – AutoCAD ,
. . 8.5 , . 8.56
, :
Command: Block Select objects: < CP WP> First polygon point: < Specify endpoint of line or [Undo]: < >••• Specify endpoint of line or [Undo]: < Specify endpoint of line or [Undo]: J 2 found < >
,
>
> ,
. ,
. Command: Block Select objects: F First fence point: < Specify endpoint of line or [Undo]: < Specify endpoint of line or [Undo]: < Specify endpoint of line or [Undo]: J 2 found < >
> > > , Fence. Undo.
, , .
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
. 8.6
, 9.66.
,
,
,
ALL. Erase
, Command: Erase Select objects: ALL 4 found Select objects: J . ,
, ALL.
,
> ALL , .
1 add to selection ( Pickadd=l, . .
Shift 1
0( Shift
),
, ,
PICKADD. ( ) Use Shift to ( . . 8.2)).
,
Shift,
Pickadd=0
, Shift
Shift – ,
. ,
.
Last, ,
. Select object,
Last
L. , (Previous). .
, AutoCAD ,
, Select objects
, AutoCAD
. .
, .
,
,
, . –
, (
, Quick Select ( Quick Select ( , . , .
Apply to ( Entire drawing ( selection (
)
Qselect. ),
. 8.7. ) Command
,
.
)),
(
)). Object type (
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
).
)
( Current
(Line (
), Polyline (
) . .) (Current selection).
drawing),
(Entire
Properties ( ) , : Color ( ), Layer ( ), Linetype ( ), Linetype scale ( ), Plot style ( ), Lineweight ( ), Hyperlink ( ) . , , Properties ( ) (Area ( ), Closed ( ), Thickness ( ), Global width ( ) . .). Operator ( ) , Properties ( ) (= Equals – , Not Equal – , > Greater than – , < Less than – , Select All – ). Value ( ) , , ( , Color – ). How to Apply ( ) , : Include in new selection set — Quick Select ( ) ; Exclude from new selection set – .
,
, Noun/verb selection ( (
. Options (
Selection ( ) Selection Modes ( ( . . 8.2): )–
).
),
); Press and drag (
)–
, ;
Implied windowing (
)– , ;
Object grouping (
)–
,
,
;
Associative Hatch (
)–
, .
,
Pickbox Size (
. 8.2)
)
Selection (
)(
,
. 3
20
.
. ,
. ,
.
, .
20 ,
,
. .
AutoCAD
, . . . . Group,
Object Grouping ( Group Name ( Selectable (Yes —
),
. 8.8.
) No —
). .
1.
Group Name (
)
Group Identification (
)
. ,
31 (-)
. Create Group ( Group Name (
(_). )
, ),
Unnamed (
)
.
2. Description (
)( ,
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
) 64
(
). 3. Group (
, ) .
, New (
Create
)(
) ,
Enter –
Object Group– ing ( 4.
, Selectable (
). ,
, ). Object Grouping, Change Group (
) Selectable ( , .
5.
Group Name ( )
). , Object Grouping (
)
.
, ,
,
. . Remove ( ,
).
, Group Name (
.
, )
. , ,
Add (
).
( Group Name ( ).
, Rename ( , Re-Order (
),
)
Explode ,
. Group Name ( Group Identification ( ). Description ( ). )
) ),
, .
.
(
,
)
,
, .
Re-Order ( ), Highlight ( Grouping (
) . )(
) . 8.9.
Order Group
Object . 8.10),
{Next
)– ) ,
)
Previous ( . 1
2,
)– . 8.10,
Remove from position ( ) (1), Enter new position number for the object ( (2) ( . 8.9). ,
Number of objects (
)
(1). Re-Order (
).
Reverse Order (
). . . ,
– Group G
. Select object. (Enter group name)
G,
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
.
, . ),
(
)(
. 8.11).
, Modify . 8.1 Modify.
.
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
,
(
)
Select objects. . Erase.
Select objects ) Command: Erase Select objects:
Specify opposite corner: < > 4 found Select objects: J
>
Erase
Erase (
). Undo (
,
), Undo.
U
. (
. 8.12 ).
Copy Object ( :
).
Command: Copy Select objects: < > 1 found < Select objects: J Specify base point or displacement, or [Multiple]: < > Specify second point of displacement or Multiple – ,
>
, .
).
,
,
, (
). , .
,
X , 8.12
Y– ,
,
. ,
.
,
,
.
. X
,
Y
. , .
, 15 15,5,
X
5
Y, ,
Enter.
, Enter, . Multiple, ,
Enter.
Mirror. .
, .
,
Mirror
). . 8.126
Mirror
, ,
,
. , ,
,
( .
)
,
, . , . :
Command: Mirror Select objects: < 1 found < Select objects: J Specify first point of mirror line: < >
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
> >
Specify second point of mirror line: < > Delete source objects? [Yes/No] :
.
, (
),
MIRRTEXT
( ,
,
,
, Offset.
)
Offset ( )
0(
1).
,
,
). Offset :
(
)–
, ;
—
,
. Offset .
, .
,
, ( ,
Offset . 8.13).
,
. Offset Command: Offset Specify offset distance or [Through] : < , Through> Select object to offset or : < Specify point on side to offset: < , Select object to offset or : < > Through – , ,
:
, > > Enter
.
, ,
OFFSETDIST.
OFFSETDIST Through.
,
(
)
, ,
, .
Array ( Array
Array.
). ,
,
. , . .
1.
Array (
. 8.14)
Rectangular Array ).
2.
Rows (
)
Columns (
) .
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
3. .
Select objects
)(
),
. 4.
; Row offset (
)
: Column offset (
) ;
Pick Row Offsets (
)
Pick Column Offsets (
), ,
, ; Pick Both Offsets ( ,
, 5.
– Angle of array ( . . Pick angle of array ( , ,
) . ) – , ). .
, .
6. Preview (
). .
,
. 8.15 ,
40 20
–
.
Array,
. ,
. AutoCAD
, . Array ( ),
Polar Array ( .
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
)(
. 8.16) Method (
)
, (
), (
, ).
, ).
, Rotate items as copied ( .
Total number of items & Angle to fill ( , 360° , . 8.17). 360°, , .
) (
,
. 8.17). (
, –
1.
: (
Array
Polar Array ( ), ) Total number of items & Angle to fill
Method ( ). Total number of items ( ( 6).
2.
. 8.16)
)
3.
.
Select objects
)(
)
. 4.
,
,
–
, . ).
X
Y
Center point ( ,
Pick Center point ( . 5.
) (170).
, «
»
. 6. ). , Set to object's default ( .
Object base point ( More ( ). ) , AutoCAD , X
. ,
Pick base point ).
. 8.17. 7.
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
Y
Preview (
).
,
. Total number of items & Angle between items ( , ( . 8.18).
. 8.17. ) , .
. , )
. Method and values ( Array (
)(
items (
),
) Angle between )–
. 8.16) Angle to fill (
,
. , . (
.
. 8.17) ( . 8.18) – ,
(
),
.
, .
. 8.17
,
, ,
(
. 8.18) –
.
Angle to fill & Angle between items ( , 8.19).
) ( ,– .
.
,
( ,
,
).
AutoCAD
,
,
. , ; .
,
170°,
30°,
5.67.
150°, 8.19).
(
.
6) (
.
, . Move. .
Move
Move ( (
).
).
, . X
Y,
,– , Command: Move Select objects: < > 1 found < > Select objects: J Specify base point or displacement: < ( )> 15,5
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
:
Specify second point of displacement or as displacements J , Enter, AutoCAD ( ).
Rotate. . ,
. .
,
. Rotate ,
Rotate (
).
.
Rotate : Command: Rotate Current positive angle in UCS: ANGDIR=counterclockwise ANGBASE=0 Select objects: < > 1 found < > Select objects: J Specify base point: < > Specify rotation angle or [Reference]: < ( ) Reference> R Specify the reference angle : < > Specify the new angle: : ANGDIR – , (counterclockwise – ; clockwise – ); ANGBASE – , (0 – , . .« 3 »); Reference – ( , ). , . 8.20 , , -20°.
(
)
,
Reference.
, . ,
, . 8.21
-20°
,
20°.
. , ,
. . ,
, .
. 8.22,
,
, .
-40° , .
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
,
. ,
-40°,
.
,
,
Scale.
Scale
). AutoCAD
, .
. >1),
( (
. 8.23).
Scale
, . :
Command: Scale Select objects: < Specify base point: < Specify scale factor or [Reference]: < Reference Specify reference length : < Specify second point:
Specify opposite corner: 1 found > Select objects: J > >R > (
)> Specify new length: < ^
, .
, .
(
).
Stretch. ,
. ,
,
,
,
Stretch ( .
Stretch :
,
.
).
Select object, ,
, ,
.
Crossing
CPoligon ,
. :
Command: Stretch Select objects to stretch by crossing-window or crossing– polygon… Select objects: < > Specify first corner: < > Specify opposite corner: < 10 found objects: J Specify base point or displacement: < > Specify second point of displacement or
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
> > Select
, . 8.24
,
. , . (
).
, Lengthen. , ,
. Select an object or
Lengthen >,
, . . :
DEIta – ( ,
–
Percent – (100 %) Total –
); (
); ;
DYnamic – ).
,
,
Trim.
Trim ( (
).
)
,
.
,
, . Trim
:
,
,
,
,
,
.
: Command: Trim Current Settings: Projection=UCS, Edge=None Select cutting edges… Select objects: < , > 1 found < > Select objects: J Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or [Project/Edge/Undo]: < , > Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or [Project/Edge/Undo]: < , > : Project – ; Edge – ; Undo – , Trim. , . 8.25 , , ( ) .
, Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or [Project/Edge/Undo]
Ucs),
( ,
View). ,
. P (Project). : Ucs, View None. None .
Edge , . 8.26. Edge (Enter an implied edge Extension mode [Extend/No extend] ) E (Extend), .
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
.
Trim
, Extend
, (
).
Extend
Extend ( ,
,
,
,
(
,
). ,
,
,
). :
Command: Extend Current Settings: Projection=UCS, Edge=Extend Select boundary edges… Select objects: < , >2 found < > Select objects: J Select object to extend or shift-select to trim or [Project/Edge/Undo]: < > Select object to extend or shift-select to trim or [Project/Edge/Undo]: < > : Project – ; Edge – ; Undo – , Extend. , . 8.27 ( ), . Extend . 8.27 .
Break. . ,
,
,
,
,
,
,
.
Break
Break (
). @
Break at Point
). Break
.
,
,
. ,
F. .
)
.
Break
at Point ( ), Command: Break Select object: < Specify second break point or [First point]: < First point Specify first break point:
. > >F >
Specify second break point: < > , , ,
@
.
, .
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
AutoCAD
(
,
, . . .
,
,
), . 8.28).
( Break
.
)
, – AutoCAD
,
( .
( )
(
.
AutoCAD
,
,
)
(
),
. Chamfer, Chamfer (
). , )
( ).
( Method: (
. 8.29 ) – (
–
Distl Dist2, Distl
, Dist2
); (
. 8.296) – Distl,
Angle
. Method
, ( ):
Command: Chamfer (TRIM mode) Current chamfer Distl = 10, Dist2=10 Select first line or [Polyline/Distance
/Angle/Trim/ Method]: < > Select second line:
: Polyline –
( Select 2D polyline
); Distance –
, (
, Angle –
); , (« »);
Trim –
, (
);
Method –
« «
»(
»).
(
) .
Fillet,
Fillet
). Fillet
, ( ):
Command: Fillet Current Settings: Mode=TR.IM, Radius=15 Select first object or [Polyline/Radius/Trim]: > Select second object:
:
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
Polyline –
( Select 2D polyline
Radius –
); , ;
Trim – . Fillet , . . 8.31 (15 10
).
, ,
, (
)
Pedit, Modify (
.
Edit Polyline ( )
Pedit [Multiple], ,
) (
) Select polyline or Enter. , ,
: Enter an option [Close/Open/Join/Width/Editvertex/Fit/Spline/ Decurve/Ltype gen/Undo]: > : Close – ( , , – ); Open – ( , Close); Join – , , ( );
Width – ); Edit vertex –
( ,
,
. .);
Fit –
, ; (
Spline –
)
, ;
Decurve – Ltype gen –
,
Fit
Spline;
( );
Undo –
,
Pedit. Enter,
. . .
Edit vertex . ,
, AutoCAD X(
. 8.31).
, . Enter a vertex editing option [Next/Previous/Break/ Insert/Move/Regen/ Straighten/Tangent/Width/eXit] : < >
:
: Next
Previous – ;
Break – ; Insert – Move – Regen – Straighten – (
; ; (
)
; ,
,
, );
Tangent –
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
Fit; Width – eXit –
,
; .
Break ,
Next
Previous
Go.
. .
Break, – Enter an option [Next/Previous/Go/eXit] , , , Break. eXit,
. .
. Insert. ,
,
,
Insert. Specify location for new vertex. , Straighten.
,
Straighten , Next .
Previous.
, , Break: (Enter an option [Next/Previous/ Go/eXit] ). , , , Go
Tangent . . Specify direction of vertex tangent, , ,
Tangent
(
. . 8.32).
Fit.
Width
, . . Specify starting (ending) width for next segment ( . 8.33). Ltype gen,
( )
)
. (
PLINEGEN ( . 8.34),
. 8.33).
.
– Fit
Spline.
Fit
, (
. 8.35).
,
Spline
, . ,
Fit
. Tangent.
Tangent
, .
Spline ,
( ,
: (
.
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
. 8.36).
. 8.37),
SPLYNETYPE
SURFTYPE. ; .
SPLYNETYPE=5, SPLYNETYPE=6 SURFTYPE
. 8.
SURFTYPE=5 , a SURFTYPE=6 –
, Decurve ( ,
.
Fit
Spline,
. 8.38). , .
Tangent, Decurve Arc
,
, Pline.
, Break.
,
,
,
( ,
1
16)
. ,
.
, (Break, Fillet, Lengthen, Extend, Chamfer
.).
AutoCAD .
, Ml edit.
led it
Multiline Edit Tools ( . 8.39. 12 ,
), .
. . Multiline Edit Tools ,
–
(
),
– (
–
(
)
)
.
.
Multiline Edit Tools (
) (
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
. 8.40).
, led it Select first mline Select second mline – .
. , . , , (
–
.
)
–
, «
.
»– ,
(
. 8.41).
« »– ( «
. 8.42). »– (
. 8.43).
Multiline Edit Tools (
) (
. 8.44).
. , ( , «
). »–
,
; ,
«
(
. 8.45).
(
. 8.47).
»– , (
«
, . 8.46).
»– ,
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
,
)(
.
Multiline Edit Tools ( . 8.39). ( . 8.48)
,
.
, .
.
, ,
, .
«
». ,
Multiline Edit Tools (
.
. 8.39).
Select mline ,
.
, ,
( ). . 8.49. ,
Edit Tools (
.
Multiline .
. 8.39). ,
, .
)(
. .
Multiline Edit Tools ( . 8.39)
,
. Select mline . Select second point
, . . . .
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
. 8.50
–
.
, . ,
.
, , ,
, (
. 8.51).
Splinedit, ),
Edit Spline ( Modify ( (
Spline
) Splinedit Pedit. Select spline
, , :
Command: Splinedit Select spline: < > Enter an option [Fit data/Close/Move vertex/Refine/ rEverse/Undo]: < >
: Fit data –
, ,
, .;
Close –
,
,
; Move vertex – Refine –
; , (
,
); verse –
( );
Undo –
,
Splinedit.
Fit data.
Splinedit
F
( ), : Command: Splinedit Select spline: < > Enter an option [Fit data/Close/Move vertex/Refine/rEverse/ Undo]: F Enter a fit data option [Add/Close/Delete/Move/Purge/ Tangents/toLerance/eXit] : < > : Add – ; Close – , ; Delete – ; Move – ; Purge – ; Tangents – tolerance – , ( ) ; eXit – Splinedit. , Add Specify control point , . , , ( . 8.52).
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
;
, Specify control point . ,
,
,
. . Nearest
,
, .
Move. , : Command: Splinedit Select spline: < > Enter an option [Fit data/Close/Move vertex/Refine/ rEverse/Undo]: M Specify new location or [Next/Previous/Select point/eXit] : < : Next Previous – ; Select point – ; eXit – Splinedit. , , . , , ( . 8.53).
>
,
Specify new location or [Next/ Previous/Select point/eXit] , , .
. ,
,
eXit.
AutoCAD
«
». ,
.
, .
tolerance.
. 8.54
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
. 5
Enter fit tolerance , , .
Refine. AutoCAD : Command: Splinedit Select spline: < > Enter an option [Fit data/Close/Move vertex/Refine/ rEverse/Undo]: R Enter a refine option [Add control point/Elevate order/ Weight/eXit] : < > : Add control point – ; Elevate order – ( 26) ; Weight – , ( « » ); eXit – Splinedit. , Add control point Specify a point on the spline . AutoCAD , : , , . . 8.55 .
Refine.
26 .
, . Elevate order AutoCAD >
.
8.56 8.
,
,
Enter new order , .
.
Command: Splinedit Select spline: < > Enter an option [Fit data/Close/Move vertex/Refine/ rEverse/Undo]: R Enter a refine option [Add control point/Elevate order/ Weight/eXit] : E Enter new order : < >
(«
»)
.
,
, .
, .
Weight,
: Command: Splinedit Select spline: < > Enter an option [Fit data/Close/Move vertex/Refine/ rEverse/Undo]: R Enter a refine option [Add control point/Elevate order/ Weight/eXit] : W Spline is not rational. Will make it so. Enter new weight (Current = 1.0000) or [Next/Previous/Select point/eXit] : < > Next, Previous, Select point, eXit – , Move. , 1, , . « »
,
. , eXit. . 8.57
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
,
»
.
0.3 ( ).
Weight
),
–
–
2(
, . , ,
,
,
,
. , . . 8.58
.
. ,
,
. . )
. , ,
«
»
.
,
,
. Ctrl, . , . , ,
(
. 8.59).
,
. , Shift. Shift. ,
Stretch, :
** STRETCH ** Specify stretch point or [Base point/Copy/Undo/eXit]: < ) : Base point – ; – , ; Undo – , eXit – . , Stretch Enter . .
Stretch ,
. 9.1. 9.1
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
( Enter
>
, Stretch; –
: , . : 1. . 2. 3. 4.
, ,
.
Shift,
(
. 8.60).
Shift , .
5.
, .
, ,
(
. 8.606).
, ,
,
.
Move. Enter
.
(
)
,
8.61),
(
.
, .
** MOVE ** Specify move point or [Base point/Copy/Undo/eXit]: < ) >
( Enter (
), .
( Move –
),
. ,
.
Esc
eXit.
Rotate. Enter
.
(
)
,
, (
. 8.62).
,
,
. ** ROTATE ** Specify new angle or [Base point/Copy/Undo/Reference/eXit]:
,
Reference – ,
). , . ( . . .
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
),
. ,
(
),
Rotate
.
.
(
) Scale. Enter ( . .
,
. )
,
. ,
(
. 8.63). :
** SCALE ** Specify scale factor or [Base point/Copy/Undo/Reference/ eXit]: < Enter >
Reference –
,
,
. . .
Mirror. Enter
. )
. ,
(
. 8.64). :
** MIRROR ** Specify second point or [Base point/Copy/Undo/eXit]: < )
( ( Enter
)> .
,
,
.
AutoCAD
. ,
. , ) ( . 8.65 ), . 8.656), .
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
Stretch. : (
( ).
, ,
.
,
.
. ,
,
:
(
)
,
. . 8.66 ), . 8.666).
(
)
, . : ,
,
. ( . .
). (
. 8.67 ), ,
. 8.676).
:
. « (
. 8.68).
»,
. ( 8.69 ),
–
(
,
. 8.696).
,
,
. . {Fit, Aligned) . 8.70).
( ,
,
,
.).
, (
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
. 8.71).
.
–
.
(
,
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. 8.73 124° ( .
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, Grips (
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) Grip size ( ) Options ( ) ( . 8.76). Enable grips (
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)
.
Unselected grip color ( ) (« ») . , ,
color ( –
–
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Grip size (
Selected grip
–
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. ,
Enable grips within blocks (
).
9
(
)
. , .
,
.
AutoCAD
, –
. (
.
) ,
,
,
. Ipt. , AutoCAD
Windows, .
AutoCAD . AutoCAD – Add-A-Plotter Wizard ( . , AutoCAD Plot and Publish ( Options ( ) ( . 9.1).
,
Default plot Settings for new drawings ( . Use as default output device (
),
)
) no
) AutoCAD.
, , , (PDF, JPG, PNG Use last successful plot settings (
. .). )
.
Plotters (
Use as default output device ( , )
no
Plotters,
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
) Add or Configure .
. General plot options ( )
)
Plot and Publish ( . , : )– ( ); )–
Keep the layout paper size if possible ( Use the plot device paper size (
,
. System printer spool alert (
–
) ,
. OLE plot quality (
OLE-
. Use OLE application when plotting OLE objects ( OLE) ( , Hide system printers ( ( Plot Stamp Settings ( ) ), ). . pss. Plot Style Table Settings ( . « ».
)
,
Microsoft Word).
) Windows). Plot stamp (
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Add-A-Plotter Wizard ( Plottermanager. .
,
),
. 9.2.
: My Computer (
)– Windows); )–
Network Plotter Server ( ; System Printer ( , .
(
)– Windows,
AutoCAD (System Printer),
,
AutoCAD. ,
. Plotter Configuration ( .
) ,
Calibrate Plotter (
,
, . . . 9.3),
( ).
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
Edit ).
( ), .
AutoCAD
.
(
)
, . AutoCAD Add-A-Plotter Wizard My Computer. . AutoCAD, Add-A-Plotter Wizard. , ,
Manufacturers ( Models ( )–
)
. 9.4). , . . ,
, Have Disk ( Windows.
. ),
AutoCAD Add-A-Plotter Wizard .
Network Plotter Server .
. 9.2),
Plot. ) Plot ( Plot . 9.5.
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
Plot )
, AutoCAD.
Ctrl+P Plot-Model (
–
),
Plot to file (
), . Ipt, )
.
Name (
, Options ( )( ) Page Setup (
.
, Plot and Publish . 9.1). ) ,
. Add ( Setups (
)
Add Page
), ,
, . (
Pagesetup.
. 9.6),
(
Page setups ( ) .
Set Current ( ) Plot-Model ( New ( ) ,
) , –
Modify ) Import (
)
. , . 9.7.
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
Plot style table (pen assignments) (
(
)) ,
Edit ( ( Printer/plotter ( ( ) ) , ) Plot area (
)
.
«
»).
) Canon LBP2900). Properties Plotter Configuration Editor ( . Paper Size ( ) , Number of copies . ) , What to plot ( ). ,
, . Limits ( Extents ( ,
: )– )–
; ( , );
Display (
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, ;
View (
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( );
, Window (
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, «
»
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,
Model (
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). ) . Center the plot (
X , AutoCAD
)
,
. X
,
,
Y
– Shaded viewport options (
. ) .
Shade plot ( As displayed (
)
:
)–
, ;
Wireframe ( ; Hidden ( Rendered (
)– )– )–
; . Quality (
) :
Draft (
)–
,
; Preview ( )– , Epson Stylus Photo – 90 Normal ( )– , Epson Stylus Photo – 180 Presentation ( )– , Epson Stylus Photo – 360 Maximum ( )– ( ); Custom ( )– DPI. Plot options ( ) Plot object lineweights ( ; Plot with plot styles ( , ; Plot paperspace last ( , Hide paperspace objects ( );
); ); ); ,
Epson Stylus Photo – 360 , : )–
)–
,
)– ( );
)– Plot scale (
) .
Scale ( ) ( 1:4, 1:8, 1:10, 1:16, 1:20, 1:30, 1:40, 1:50, 1:100, 2:1, 4:1, 8:1, 10:1, 100:1
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
, 1:1, 1:2, .).
.
Fit to paper (
),
, . ( , 1 mm = 203.6 units Scale line– weights (
)). )
, ,
.
,
,
. ,
Drawing orientation (
)
.
: Portrait (
Landscape (
).
Plot upside-down (
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180° . Plot-Model (
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)(
9.8).
, . .
, Plot (
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.
–
, ,
,
. . .
,
.
, .
. . .
, . .
,
. . . , .
Plot and Publish ( ) Plot Style Table Settings ( ( . 9.9). Default plot style behavior for new drawings ( ) ,
)
Options ),
no
.
),
Use color dependent plot styles ( Default plot style table (
)
. ,
Use named plot styles (
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
).
(
–
Add or Edit Plot Style Tables ( Plot Style Table Settings ( ) , Stylesmanager. ( . 9.10) – ( . ctb) ( . stb). Style Table Wizard ( ), . , : 1. Add-A-Plot Style Table Wizard ( . 2. Begin ( ) ) . 3. Pick Plot Style Table ( Named Plot Style Table ( ) Plot Style Table ( )– ( . 9.11).
), ).
Add-A-Plot
) Start from scratch ) Color-Dependent
4. (
)
File
– ,
5.
Finish ( )
. Plot Style Table Editor
)
.
, ( ).
. 9.10) – .
,
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
.
Plot Style Table Editor General (
) –
Scale
Factor (
). )
Table View ( ( . 9.12). (Color 1, Color 2 . .)
255 .
: Description ( Color ( )– , Enable dithering ( Convert to grayscale ( ; Use assigned pen # ( Virtual #( Screening (
)–
; 23)–
; )–
)– )–
; ;
)–
( ,
Linetype ( )– Adaptive adjustment ( ( Lineweight ( ; Line End Style ( Line Join Style (
;
100 %); ,
;
)– – On, )–
Off); ,
)– )–
; ;
Fill Style (
)–
.
Lineweights ( Plot Style Table Editor ( Edit Lineweights ( ). Form View ( ) ) .
)
. ) Table View
,
Save & Close
).
10
3D–
, 3D –
. :
,
.
3D – 2 . 2 AutoCAD 2010 .
,
3D –
,
. 3D – 3D Modeling (3D –
)(
. 10.1). .
3D3D Modeling (3D – . 10.2).
, .
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
)
3D(
: , ,
)– , ,
. .);
Mesh Modeling (
)– ;
Render (
)– 3D–
Insert (
;
)–
, ;
Annotate (
)–
,
,
; Parametric (
)–
,
, , View (
;
)–
, ,
, ,
,
,
,
; Manage (
)– ,
;
Output (
)–
,
,
; Express Tools (
)–
Express Tools. AutoCAD
,
3D-
. AutoCAD
, .
AutoCAD ,
AutoCAD, ,
3D.
. , (wireframes),
, AutoCAD
3D-
: (solids).
(surfaces)
, ,
,
.
– X, Y :
3DZ.
20-
,
Z,
XY, . . ,
, , ,
.
3D. , (
. 10.3 ). ,
(
)
. .
, (
:
,
(
,
AutoCAD , , , ,
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) 3D-
. –
(
. 10.36).
,
AutoCAD , .
, . 10. ).
(
–
,
, . .
,
, ,
,
.
XY. – . ,
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
.
Z,
. .
AutoCAD
:
,
.
XY –
Z. , XY
, 13.19,
. 10.4 Z – 11
, .
X, Z.
Y
: 13,19,11.
, .
,
. . Z, AutoCAD
, ELEVATION
. (
XY) ),
. .
Z-
XY,
, (
( )
XY. XY,
–
.
, .
,
, ,
Z
.
, ,
XY. , ELEVATION,
–
THICKNEES.
,
,
Elev Command: Elev Specify new default elevation : < Specify new default thickness : < , Properties ( ).
,
–
: > >
.
,
2–3 (
10.5 )
,
360°. .
,
(0–1), (2–3). ,
,
(1–2) , . 10.36, 23 4. , ( . 11.2 ). , Specify corner of box or [Center] < 0,0,0 > Center, Specify center of box . , Specify corner or [Cube/Length] Length, ( . ). 11.26).
Cone,
Cone (
). :
Command: Cone Command: ISOLINES Enter new value for ISOLINES [4]: < . – 0 2047. 4> Command: Cone Specify center point for base of cone or [3P/2P/Ttr/Elliptical] : < Elliptical> Specify base radius or [Diameter]: < , , Specify height or [2Point/Axis endpoint/Top radius]: < , > : – ; 2 – , ; Ttr – Elliptical – Diameter – , AutoCAD . ( , , ( , Apex.
, Diameter> ,
; ; . . 11.3 ), ),
:
,
, (
,
. 11.36);
, (
Command: Cone Command: ISOLINES Enter new value for ISOLINES [12]: < .
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
. 11.3 ).
–
0
2047.
12> Specify CENTER point for base of cone or [3P/2P/Ttr/ Elliptical]: E Specify axis endpoint of ellipse for base of cone or [Center]: < , , Center > Specify other endpoint of first axis: < , > Specify endpoint of second axis: < , > Specify height or [2Point/Axis endpoint/Top radius]: < , , 2Point/Axis endpoint/Top radius> : 2Point – ; Axis endpoint – . . ; Top radius – .
Sphere,
Sphere (
). :
Command: Sphere Command: ISOLINES Enter new value for ISOLINES [12]: < . 12> Specify center point or [3P/2P/Ttr] : < > Specify radius or [Diameter]:
, . ISOLINES
20
.
, ,
Hide.
( Regen.
). ,
,
. 11.4
2047.
,
Hide.
(
) ,
Extrude. Extrude (
), (
)
Modeling
). : Command: Extrude Command: ISOLINES Enter new value for ISOLINES [10]: < . 10> Select objects: > N found < Select objects: Specify height of extrusion or [Path]: Path> Specify angle of taper for extrusion : Enter, , > Path – , , : Z ,
–
0
> > (
, .
.
Extrude Specify height of extrusion or [Path] .
,
. , .
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
,
,
)
.
Z ,
2047.
,
ISOLINES 4 ( ), 11.1
,
20. Z Z
11.5 )
,
(
. . 11.56.
(
.
11.1).
1.
. .
2.
Extrude (
Extrude (
)),
( ) 3. 12,
Enter. , .
Enter.
Z. ,
4. Enter. 5.
Qselect, Region (
Delete. 6.
,
), ,
Hide .
11.1 Z Command: Extrude Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=20 Select objects: < > 1 found < > Select objects: J Specify height of extrusion or [Path]: 12 Specify angle of taper for extrusion : Command: Hide
( ,
,
Revolve. ,
. 11.6 ),
.
. 11.6 ) ( X
Y
,
).
.
, ,
, ,
(
Revolve Modeling (
. 11.6 ). Revolve ( )
),
). : Command: Revolve Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=4 Select objects: > 1 found < > Select objects: J Specify start point for axis of revolution or Define axis by [Object/X (axis)/Y (axis)]: < > Specify endpoint of axis: < > Specify angle of revolution : : Object – ); X (axis) – X ; Y (axis) – Y . 360° , , . , , . X Y,
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
. 11.2
,
. , (
. 11.7.
11.2). XY
,
( Arc
Line (
Line (
. 11.7 ). Arc (
)). ,
Y,
8
.
3. Fillet ( . 11.76.
Fillet (
))
4. ,
)
Pedit
Region (
Region (
)).
5. 6.
, Revolve,
Qselect.
, Specify angle of revolution ( . 11.8 ) ( . 11.86).
7.
Y. 180 Enter –
8. ,
. Qselect,
9.
Region ( ,
),
Delete. FACETRES,
5,
Hide
.
11.2 < Y 8 Command: Revolve Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=20 Select objects: < > Select objects: J Specify start point for axis of revolution or Define axis by [Object/X (axis)/Y (axis)]: Y Specify angle of revolution : 180 Command: Facetres Enter new value for FACETRES : 5 Command: Hide Regenerating model
,
,
> > 1 found
,
(
). ,
, AutoCAD
,
. ,
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
,
.
,
, .
, , ,
,
.
. 11.9
),
,
:
–
( ),
( ).
Subtract,
Subtract
), )
Solid Edition ( (
). :
Command: Subtract Select solids and regions to subtract from.. Select objects: < , > Select objects: < , , ( ), > 1 found < Select solids and regions to subtract.. Select objects: < , > Select objects: < , Enter ( ), 1 found
, > >
(
,
,
).
,
. ,
.
,
, Solidedit. Union, Union (
),
Solid Edition )
(
). :
Command: Union Select objects:
1 found < > Select objects:
1
found, 2 total > Select objects: < > N found, (N) 11.3
total < ( )> Select objects: J
. ,
. 11.10. 11.3).
( 1. . 11.10 ). Center ( ),
, . (
11.10). Node (
.
). . . 11.11 .
2.
Union ( « Enter.
Union (
)),
» . 11.116, .
11.3 Command: ** STRETCH ** Specify stretch point or [Base point/Copy/Undo/eXit]: < )> Command: Union Select objects: < « » , opposite corner: < « »
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
Center «
» > Specify
>
2 found > Select objects: J
,
, .
,
, (
. 11.12
),
, ( )
). AutoCAD Intersect ( Edition (
Intersect
), )
Solid (
).
,
. Intersect
Command: Intersect Select objects:
1 found
Select objects:
1
found, 2 total > •» • Select objects: < N found, total
(N) ( )> Select objects: J
,
—
, Union.
,
. . ,
. .
,
, Slice
.
Slice ( )
Solid Edition (
), (
).
, )
(
). . :
Command: Slice Select objects: < > 1 found < > Select objects: Specify first point on slicing plane by [Object/Zaxis/View/XY/ YZ/ZX/3points] : < , , Enter > : Object – ( , , , , ); Zaxis – , , ( XY , ); View – , , ; XY – , XY;
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
YZ –
, YZ;
ZX –
, Z X;
3points –
, . , Slice
XY, YZ
ZX.
, . . , .
,
,
– ,
. ,
. 11.13
( ),
,
( ) Slice
( ). YZ.
, Slice
View. , . .
, keep Both sides,
.
,
. ,
,
. 11.14
( ), ( )
, ( ).
, Slice
3Points. ,
. .
, ,
.
,
,
.
,
,
. 11.15
( ),
( ) . 11.156) (1, 2, 3)
( . 11.15 ) –
, ( ). (1, 2, 3, 4),
keep Both sides.
, Slice
Object.
, . ,
,
,
,
,
, . .
,
.
keep Both sides,
. , ,
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
.
,
XY, . ,
, UCS
– ,
, .
. 11.16
( ) ( ),
( ), ( )
,
,
,
( ). ( )–
( ), keep Both sides. Ucs
3Point
( ): 1, 2, 3.
11.4 . (
(
. 11.17) .
.
11.4):
1.
. 11.17 (
Hide)
(
DISPSILH
2.
, , .
3.
Slice
,
YZ
1). . 11.18 .
(
. 11.18 ). Quadrant ( ). Specify a point on
. desired side of the plane or [keep Both sides] . , . 11.186. 4. ,
,
Slice,
ZX. , . ,
. 11.18 .
Slice
(
Quadrant ( desired side of the plane or [keep Both sides] . , . 11.196. 6. , Erase, Union. . 11.19 .
).
5. . 11.19 ). Specify a point on
,
11.4 Command: Slice > 1 found
Select objects: J Specify first point on slicing plane by [Object/Zaxis/View/ XY/YZ/ZX/3points] : YZ
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
Quadrant ( ) > Specify a point on the YZ-plane : < > Specify a point on desired side of the plane or [keep Both sides]: Command: Slice Select objects: < > 1 found < > Select objects: J Specify first point on slicing plane by [Object/Zaxis/View/ XY/YZ/ ZX/3points] : ZX Specify a point on the ZX-plane : < B> Specify a point on desired side of the plane or [keep Both sides]: Command: Erase Select objects: > 1 found < > Select objects: J Command: Union Select objects: < « » > Specify opposite corner: « » > 2 found < > Select objects: J Command: Hide Regenerating model < >
, . Fillet ( ,
Fillet (
)). AutoCAD
, .
, . 11.20 Fillet ( ). 11.5).
( ),
,
11.5 Command: Fillet Current Settings: Mode = TRIM, Radius = 0.0000 Select first object or
[Polyline/Radius/Trim/mUltiple]: < > Enter fillet radius: < > Select an edge or [Chain/Radius]: < > Select an edge or [Chain/Radius]: < Select an edge or [Chain/Radius]: J 6 edge(s) selected for fillet < >
>
, –
Chamfer (
Chamfer ( . ,
1.
)).
). , ,
,
AutoCAD
,
,
,
,
,
. 2. . 3.
, ,
. ,
, AutoCAD ,
. .
4. Enter. ,
, Fillet ( ).
. 11.21
AutoCAD . ( ),
, (
11.6):
11.6
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
Command: Chamfer (TRIM mode) Current chamfer Distl = 0.0000, Dist2 = 0.000 Select first line or [Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/Method/ multiple]: < , > Base surface selection… Enter surface selection option [Next/OK (Current)] : 4 Specify other surface chamfer distance : < Enter, > Select an edge or [Loop]: < > > Select an edge or [Loop]: > Select an edge or [Loop]:
12
,
AutoCAD
. ,
, .
,
,
,
,
. .
. , . (
),
AutoCAD
. . . . , . , .
, . ,
. . . ,
.
. . ,
, . – .
AutoCAD 2010 (
), (
).
,
, . . ,
,
. Visual Styles Manager )( 3D Palettes (SD-
. 12.1), View (
).
Create New Visual Style ( , : , , , , . . Face Settings ( ) . Face Style ( ) : Real ( ) Gooch ( , ( )
) ,
, .
). , .
, Face Style (
)
None ( ,
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
–
.
), .
)
.
) (
, Faceted (
. 12.2 ). ,
Lighting quality Smooth ( )
. 12.26).
intensity (
)
Highlight .
, , (
. 12.2 ).
,
,
, .
Opacity (
)
. .
Material and Color (
) .
Material display
) . Face color mode ( Normal ( .
)
), (
Monochrome) .
mode (
, Tint (
) ) Environment Settings ( .
Face color
Desaturate, )
.
,
.
, ,
Background (
Shadow display ( : Ground Shadow ( ; Full Shadow ( ,
)
On (
. ).
). )– )–
, . . .
,
,
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
.
,
Settings ( AutoCAD . 12.3 ).
Edge .
)
(
. 12.36),
(
, (
. 12.3 ),
< >
2007, Materials
AutoCAD , ( . 12.4), , 3D Palettes (3D–
; . .
)
View (
).
: . 12.3 ).
Available Materials in Drawing ( ,
,
) .
.
Material (
)
,
.
Material Editor (
)(
. 12.4 )
.
(
, ); Realistic Metal ( ); Advanced Metal ( , –
) : Realistic ); Advanced ). .
,
(
). Template (
)(
Realistic
,
Realistic Metal) . ,
. Color (
)(
Realistic ,
),
,
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
,
Realistic Metal) Select Color ( ( . 12.5).
Materials (
)
By Object ( .
, Shininess (
)
)
.
, .
, , .
Opacity (
)(
Realistic
Advanced)
. ,
, .
Reflection (
)(
Metal)
. 100, (
,
Advanced , . . , ).
Advanced , . 12.6
Refraction Index ( Advanced)
)(
Realistic .
. ,
1, ,
,
.
1.5,
. . 12.7
( )
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
(
).
,
Translucency (
)(
(
Realistic . 0
100 %. 50 %
. 12.8 ),
Advanced)
(
. 12.86).
SelfIllumination (
) . (
Luminance). Luminance (
,
)(
Realistic)
). Two sided material ( Realistic) ( « ).
Maps ( . 12.46).
)(
»
)
(
. ,
. Diffuse Map (
).
. (
. 12.9)
.
AutoCAD
( ,
», «
»
«
« ».
», «
», « », « Diffuse Map (
) », )
Map
(
Select Image (
)
Texture Map
). . (
100 %
. 12.10 ). ,
0 .
,
0, ( .
12.106). 20
45 % (
. 12.10 ).
Bump Texture ( .
), , .
, . . ,
–
.
. 12.11 .
– Reflection Map ( )
Opacity Map (
). ,– , Advanced
( , 512 480
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
).
Advanced Metal).
.
( Metal.
Advanced Lighting Override ( ) , , . 12.12).
Realistic
Color Bleed Scale (
) .
– 0.0
1000 (
-100).
Indirect Bump Scale (
) ,
,
.
0,
. . .
,
. Reflectance Scale (
) .
, Transmittance Scale ( ,
. ) . 0 %.
–
Realistic
.
Material Scaling & Tiling (
) ,
(
. 12.12).
,
Scale units ( , , , Scale units (
,
) ( ,
, ,
) Fit to Gizmo ( ,
U) – V) –
). None ( )– )– : U Tile U V Tile V.
: None (
)–
,
, ;
Tile (
)–
; Mirror (
, )–
UVW
, XYZ,
. , .
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
Tile ( U)
) V)
V Tile ( U
Mirror (
)
V
U Tile (
. , ,
, )(
. 12.13.
, . 12.14). Auto-regen (
Material Offset & Preview ),
, Update (
).
. Preview Size (
) .
U Offset U)
V Offset (
V) U
Rotation (
V.
) )
W( UVW.
,
, . . 12.15. (
). ,
.
. AutoCAD
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
,
,
.mli. .
,
AutoCAD
,
,
Auto Vision
3D Studio
, MLI. Global. , .
Export the Selected Visual Style ) , . 12.16.
to the Toll Palette ( –
, . , Materials (
). , .
Options (
Material Attachment )(
. 12.17),
Materialattach.
Material Attachment Options
, . ,
–
. Detach
).
)
. AutoCAD ,
: ,
. . ,
. . . , . » « , «
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
, ». « »–
«
»– ,
.
,
.
. . ,
. XY. XY,
, Z(
).
,
. ,
, . . .
AutoCAD. LIGHTNGUNITS ,
( 1
2), . LIGHTNGUNITS .
(
Sun Properties (
Sun properties. ) ( . 12.18).
0),
, General (
.
)
Status ( )– Intensity Factor ( ( ; Color ( )– Shadows ( )–
: ; )–
:
0(
)
);
,
; .
,
, Sun Angle Calculator ( Geographic Location (
. ) )(
. 12.19). Sun &
Location (
) (
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
Render ( ,
). TIMEZONE).
( Directiori)
Latitude & Longitude)
(
North
. .
,
. . (
)
. 12.20).
Create a point light . Light ( )
Render (
)–
Pointlight.
AutoCAD .
, .
, . ( . , , LIGHTINGUNITS 1. Photometric properties ( ( (
Lamp Color)
).
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
) Lamp Intensity ( ( Resulting Intensity), ( Resulting Color). ( ). . (
)).
. 12.21)
. , . Create a distant light ( . Light ( ) Distantlight.
), ).
Render AutoCAD
. .
. –
. .
, .
,
,
. 12.22 –
,
, .
Create a spotlight ( . Light ( ) Spotlight. AutoCAD
), ).
Render
. (
. 12.23)
. ,
, , )–
Hotspot angle.
,
( 0
160°.
– , Fallow angle). 50°.
) 1
Photometric properties LIGHTINGUNITS
,
2. .
,
. (Lamp intensity) – ).
AutoCAD – ,
, ( ,
,
,
,
. , . Render )
. (
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
. 12.24).
)
Advanced Render Settings ( 12.25).
Render (
).
)(
.
Render Context ) . Procedure ( . View ( )– Render ( )', U Crop ( )– ; Selected ( )– . Destination (
, .
)
, :
)
, .
Window
), ),
, . Output file Name (
Viewport {
)
,
. Exposure . Materials ( Apply materials (
(
) )
, : )–
, ;
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
Texture filter ( Force 2-sided (
)– 2-
. Sampling (
; )–
)
,
, .
. Filter
(
) .
:
, :
,
ISBN: 978-5-17-067968-3 : 2010 : 448
,
AutoCAD , . . 12.26 .