Applied Chemistry Practice 8122408141, 9788122408140, 9788122424942
286 50 343KB
English Pages 331 Year 1995
Table of contents :
Preface to the Second Edition......Page 4
Preface to the first Edition......Page 6
Contents......Page 8
1.3 Diluted Acids......Page 10
1.5 Standard Solutions......Page 11
1.6 Solutions of Approximate Strength......Page 14
1.8 Wij's Solution (0.2N Solution of ICI in Glacial Acetic Acid)......Page 16
2.1 Chemical Equilibrium......Page 18
2.2 Rate of a Reaction......Page 23
2.3 Velocity Constant and Order of a Reaction......Page 30
3. Water......Page 43
3.1 Acidity and Alkalinity of Water......Page 44
3.2 Chloride Content......Page 52
3.3 Hardness......Page 54
3.4 Dissolved Oxygen (D.O.) and Oxygen Demand......Page 65
3.5 Residual Chlorine and Chlorine Demand......Page 73
3.6 Turbidity and Coagulation......Page 80
3.7 Solids......Page 85
4. Lubricating Oils, Greases and Emulsions......Page 90
4.1 Oils......Page 91
4.2 Viscosity and Viscosity Index......Page 93
4.3 Cloud and Pour Points......Page 98
4.4 Flash and Fire Points......Page 101
4.5 Aniline Point......Page 104
4.6 Neutralization Number......Page 107
4.7 Saponification Value or Number or Koettsdoerfer Number......Page 110
4.8 Iodine Value......Page 112
4.9 Density and Specific Gravity......Page 116
4.10 Emulsions......Page 121
4.11 Greases......Page 124
5.1 Proximate Analysis......Page 130
5.2 Moisture Content......Page 131
5.3 Ash Content......Page 132
5.4 Volatile Matter......Page 134
5.6 Ultimate Analysis......Page 136
5.7 Carbon and Hydrogen......Page 137
5.8 Sulphur in Coal......Page 138
5.9 Nitrogen in Coal......Page 141
5.10 Oxygen Content of Coal......Page 143
5.11 Combustion of a Carbonaceous Fuel - Flue Gas......Page 144
6.1 Iron Ore......Page 149
6.2 Copper Ore and Brass......Page 156
6.3 Silver Ore and Silver Alloy......Page 160
6.4 Pyrolusite......Page 162
6.5 Calcium Carbonate Minerals......Page 171
7. Polymers......Page 177
7.1 Preparation of Polymers......Page 180
7.2 Molecular Weights of Polymers......Page 185
7.3 Testing and Characterisation of Polymers......Page 192
8.1 Lime......Page 208
8.2 Plant Nutrients......Page 211
8.3 Bleaching Powder......Page 218
8.4 Surface Tension......Page 221
8.5 Electroplating......Page 226
9. Answers of Exercises......Page 235
Appendix......Page 311
Bibliography......Page 323
Subject Index
......Page 326
Preface to the Second Edition......Page 4
Preface to the first Edition......Page 6
Contents......Page 8
1.3 Diluted Acids......Page 10
1.5 Standard Solutions......Page 11
1.6 Solutions of Approximate Strength......Page 14
1.8 Wij's Solution (0.2N Solution of ICI in Glacial Acetic Acid)......Page 16
2.1 Chemical Equilibrium......Page 18
2.2 Rate of a Reaction......Page 23
2.3 Velocity Constant and Order of a Reaction......Page 30
3. Water......Page 43
3.1 Acidity and Alkalinity of Water......Page 44
3.2 Chloride Content......Page 52
3.3 Hardness......Page 54
3.4 Dissolved Oxygen (D.O.) and Oxygen Demand......Page 65
3.5 Residual Chlorine and Chlorine Demand......Page 73
3.6 Turbidity and Coagulation......Page 80
3.7 Solids......Page 85
4. Lubricating Oils, Greases and Emulsions......Page 90
4.1 Oils......Page 91
4.2 Viscosity and Viscosity Index......Page 93
4.3 Cloud and Pour Points......Page 98
4.4 Flash and Fire Points......Page 101
4.5 Aniline Point......Page 104
4.6 Neutralization Number......Page 107
4.7 Saponification Value or Number or Koettsdoerfer Number......Page 110
4.8 Iodine Value......Page 112
4.9 Density and Specific Gravity......Page 116
4.10 Emulsions......Page 121
4.11 Greases......Page 124
5.1 Proximate Analysis......Page 130
5.2 Moisture Content......Page 131
5.3 Ash Content......Page 132
5.4 Volatile Matter......Page 134
5.6 Ultimate Analysis......Page 136
5.7 Carbon and Hydrogen......Page 137
5.8 Sulphur in Coal......Page 138
5.9 Nitrogen in Coal......Page 141
5.10 Oxygen Content of Coal......Page 143
5.11 Combustion of a Carbonaceous Fuel - Flue Gas......Page 144
6.1 Iron Ore......Page 149
6.2 Copper Ore and Brass......Page 156
6.3 Silver Ore and Silver Alloy......Page 160
6.4 Pyrolusite......Page 162
6.5 Calcium Carbonate Minerals......Page 171
7. Polymers......Page 177
7.1 Preparation of Polymers......Page 180
7.2 Molecular Weights of Polymers......Page 185
7.3 Testing and Characterisation of Polymers......Page 192
8.1 Lime......Page 208
8.2 Plant Nutrients......Page 211
8.3 Bleaching Powder......Page 218
8.4 Surface Tension......Page 221
8.5 Electroplating......Page 226
9. Answers of Exercises......Page 235
Appendix......Page 311
Bibliography......Page 323
Subject Index
......Page 326
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