Applications of Meteorology to Atmospheric Pollution Problems

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Applications of Meteorology to Atmospheric Pollution Problems

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INDEX CONTEWTS

V

Foreword ............................................................

Summary (English. French, Russian, Spanish)................'..........

Chapter 1 - THE ROLE OF AIR-POLLUTION METEOROLOGY ...................

VII

1

Chapter 2 - AIR-QUALITY MANAGEMENT 2.1 2.2 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.2.1 2.2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.3.1 2.2.3.2 2.2.3.3 2.2.3.4 2.2.3.5 2.2.4 2.2.5 2.2.5.1 2.2.5.2 2.3 2.3.1 2.3.2 2.4 2.5

Introduction .............................................. Background pollution ...................................... Historical aspects ........................................ Scales of air-pollution dispersion processes .............. Time and space scales ..................................... New system of air-pollution dispersion scales ............. Definition of background pollution ........................ Background air quality .................................... Background precipitation quality .......................... Results of regressional analysis ................... ...... Background pollution data ................................. Reported background data .................................. Contribution of background pollution ...................... Practical evaluation of background pollution .............. Background pollution for continental- and regional-scale modelling ................................................. Background air quality for site-specific applications ..... Emission .................................................. Sources of trace constituents ............................. Emission inventory ........................................ Transmission of air pollutants ............................ Air-quality characteristics ...............................

3 4 4 4 7 7 13 13 14 15 16 16 21 22 23 24 26 26 26 27 28

CHAPTER 3 - METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION, NETWORK AND DATA-PROCESSING REQUIREMENTS IN ROUTINE MONITORING OF AIR POLLUTION 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.1 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12

Introduction .............................. Meteorological networks ................... Wind ...................................... Atmospheric dispersion .................... Mixing-layer height ....................... Roughness length .......................... Removal and transformation processes ...... Effective height of pollutant release ..... Variations in emission rates .............. Long-term estimations ..................... Meteorological (transmission) data base ... Forecasting air pollution .................

......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... .........

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31 31 32 32 33 34 34 34 35 35 35 37

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CHAPTER 4 - METHODS AND MODELS Introduction .............................................. Physical modelling ........................................ Meteorological modelling .................................. Regional-scale modelling .................................. Application of models ..................................... Reliability of models ..................................... Regulatory use of models ..................................

38 40 41 41 43 43 44

CHAPTER 5 - ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTS ..................................

45

REFERENCES ..........................................................

47

4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.1

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