Инженерный анализ в Ansys Workbench. Учебное пособие. Часть 1 978-5-7964-1392-0

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ANSYS WORKBENCH I

2010

ANSYS WORKBENCH I

2010

004.9(03) 89

......................................................................................................................................... 5 1.

. 89 ,

.

:

.

ANSYS Workbench: , . , . , . , 2010. – 271 .: .

.

.

.

.

1.1. 1.2. 1.3. 1.4. 1.5. 1.6. 1.7. 1.8. 1.9. 1.10. 1.10.1. 1.10.2. 1.10.3. 1.11.

. / -

.–

ISBN 978-5-7964-1392-0

ANSYS Workbench (

12.1). ,

,

, ,

,

-

. ,

»,

.......................................................................................... 7

. 2.

ANSYS WORKBENCH.........................................................................61 2.1. 2.2.

004.9(03) 89 3.

. ,

.

,

ISBN 978-5-7964-1392-0

.

, 2010 , 2010

2

................................................................................................................................. 7 ........................................................................................................8 ......................................12 .......................................................................14 . .................................16 ....................................................................................................20 ..............................................................................................22 ...............................................................................24 ..............32 ...........................................42 .........................49 ............................51 ........................... 53 ANSYS ...................................................................................57 ..............................................................60

Workbench .................................................................................. 62 Workbench.......................................................................................... 67 ..............................................................73 .............................................................................. 74

3.1. 3.2. 3.2.1. 3.2.2. 3.2.3. 3.2.4. 3.3. 3.3.1. 3.3.2. 3.3.3. 3.4. 3.5.

Design Modeler..............................................................75 .......................................................................... 81 .............................................................................................86 ........................................................................88 ....................................................92 ......................................................................95 ..............................................................................................99 .....................................................................99 ........................................................................... 110 .....................................................123 ................................................................ 130 ........................................................................132 ............................................................136

3

4.

.................................................. 138 4.1. 4.2. 4.3. 4.4. 4.4.1. 4.5.

.......................................... 138 .......................................................................................... 144 ........................................................................... 147 ......................................................................... 157 .............................................................. 162 .................................................................... 164 ........................................................... 170

5.

ANSYS CAE. ANSYS,

1970 .,

6.

............................................................................................................ 171 ................................................................................. 174 Mesh Control ............................................................................................. 181 ..................................................................................... 181 ..................................................................................... 189 .................................................................. 195 Refinement .................................................................................................. 195 ............................................................... 198 .................................................................... 201 ............................................................................. 202 ........................................................................................... 204 ................................................................................... 204 Mechanical ANSYS .. 208 ........................................................... 209 .

6.1. 6.1.1. 6.1.2. 6.2. 6.3. 6.3.1. 6.3.2. 6.3.3. 6.3.4. 6.3.5. 6.3.6.

. ANSYS, (John Swonson), . ANSYS, Inc., ANSYS

................................................................................................................................. 255

: ,

, ,

............................. 211

...................................................................... 213 ............................................................................................. 218 ..................................................................................... 221 ........................................................................................................... 234 .......................................................................................... 241 ......................................................................................... 243 ............................................................................................. 245 ....................................................................... 247 ......................................................................... 249 ............................................................................... 249 ...................................................................... 252 ........................................................... 252

-

,

.............................................................. 171 5.1. 5.2. 5.3. 5.3.1. 5.3.2. 5.3.3. 5.3.4. 5.3.5. 5.3.6. 5.4. 5.5. 5.6. 5.7.

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. 2.16)

Data From New

. 70

71

, .

-

. .

1.

ANSYS Workbench.

:

Workbench? Project Schematic Transient Structural, Steady-State Thermal

Toolbox? Static Structural ,

Modal?

? Import Refresh Project

Workbench.

? Update Project

-

?

.wbpj 2.

. 2.16

.

.

dp0.

-

,

.

,

«

«

».

».

: Geometry,

Model, Results?

dpN,

? ?

.

N

-

(.agdb)

?

: (.mechdb);

,

(.mechdb);

«

(file.rst);

3.

ANSYS,

?

«

»,

»? :

Work-

-

.

bench (ds.dat);

.

(file.err); (solve.out). , ,

: ?

,

-

-

?

,

,

?

user_files.

? ,

?

4.

Workbench?

5. 6. 72

? file.rst? 73

3.1.

3.

Geometry.

DESIGN MODELER

,

Design Modeler, .

-

Design Modeler , ANSYS,

.

. , Geometry, , – New Geometry

-

. 3.2). WorkDesign Modeler; , . 3.3.

bench ,

. 3.2

Geometry,

. 3.1

, Properties . 3.1). Basic Geometry Options , , , , , , Advanced Geometry Options : ( 3D ), CAD, . , , .

-

74

, Geometry. ANSYS

Design Modeler,

CADImport

, : Parasolid (.x_b, .x_t), IGES (.iges, .igs), SolidWorks (.SLDPRT, .SLDASM), Unigraphics NX (.prt), Inventor (.ipt, .iam), Pro/Engineer (.prt, .asm), ACIS (.sat) . , Design Modeler, .agdb. , Reset . . 3.2). Design Modeler : . . ; (Tree Outline). ; (Details View). ;

75

(Graphics).

(Tree -

Outline)

.

(

. 3.4).

,

-

. , .

. 3.4

,

.

. 3.3

, . 3.6).

:

. 3.4.

-

File ; Create – ; Concept – ; Tools –

, ;

View – ; Help – Modeler.

. 3.5

(Details View)

Design ,

(

. 3.6). , 76

, 77

. -

.

,

-

Shift, ,

.

,

-

. (Graphics)

,

-

–

, (

.

. 3.7).

–

, ,

.

-

.

. , .

, .

. . 3.7.

-

-

, .

. 3.6

. : –

. 3.7

.

-

. Ctrl,

.

, . Esc. ,

Ctrl.

:

.

,

,

,

. Design Modeler ,

. –

.

. :

.

Ctrl, 78

.

79

,

,

-

. -

(

. 3.8). . ,

. . 3.9

3.2.

. 3.8

,

-

. ,

. (« Extend to Adjacent . ,

.

»), Extend to Limits ;

, Flood Blends.

. -

,

Design Modeler : (Sketching) –

Flood Area .

,

, ,

(

-

, (Modeling) –

, . Design Modeler

. . 3.10

(

. 3.10).

. 3.9). 80

-

.

,

,

,

81

Design Modeler :

Oxyz, , y–

x–

,

z–

.

,

,

.

, . : Oxy (XYPlane), Oxz (ZXPlane), Oyz , -

(YZPlane).

-

Create New Plane . Details View.

. 3.11

( (

Plane)

-

. 3.11):

From Plane – From Face – From Point and Edge – From Point and Normal –

,

Transform

;

.

;

:

; ,

Move Transform Up –

-

Move Transform Down

; From Three Points – From Coordinates –

. Remove Transform.

; ,

-

-

. ,

,

, – (Base Plane), (Base Point, Base Edge) . -

(Base Face),

,

Generate

.

Design Modeler .

Generate

,

;

: (Axes) –

,

-

, (Offset) – ; (Rotate) –

,

.

-

, . -

;

-

.

. 82

,

83

Sketch1,

(Rename)

,

Settings –

-

,

.

(Delete)

Draw – Modify – Dimensions – Constraints –

,

-

,

, : (Hide Sketch ), (Look at), (Show Dependencies), . (Look at) Sketching. (Tree Outline) (Sketching Toolboxes), ( . 3.12): ; ; ; ; . : ,

. , . , . Settings

Sketching Toolboxes.

(Grid).

: Show

in 2D –

Snap –

; (Major Grid Spacing ). .

-

; (Minor-Steps per Major ). . , , ,

, ;

(Snaps per Minor ). ,

-

,

, .

,

,

.

Draw, Modify, Dimensions, Constraints.

.

,

Generate.

ANSYS 84

-

. ,

. 3.12

-

;

-

Constraints – . ,

-

:

. Modify

-

Design Modeler. 85

-

3.2.1.

. ,

Design Modeler .

.

(Arc by 3 Points)

:

Draw

(Arc by Center ); (Ellipse).

(Line). ; ,

(Tangent Line).

,

;

-

.

(Spline).

, .

Polyline.

; (Line by 2 Tangents).

,

,

: (Open End), (Open End with Points),

; (Polyline).

. -

, Open End . Closed End ; (Polygon).

,

.

(Closed End), (Closed End with Points); (Construction Point). . , Construction Point at Intersection, .

n;

, -

. (Oval).

Toolboxes).

, Undo

Rectangle by 3 Points; ,

-

, -

(Sketching Esc. , . Redo.

-

(Rectangle).

.

. ,

; (Circle).

,

.

. .

Circle by 3 Tangents; ,

(Arc by Tangent). 86

-

,

,

,

, ,

Back. 87

-

(Trim).

-

; ,

,

View.

( . 3.13

. .

Details . Full Circle ). -

. 3.13

-

,

-

Ignore Axis;

(Extend ). .

Ignore Axis;

(Split). ,

,

.

-

, .

: Split at Select

, , Split Edges at Point – ; Split Edges at All Points ; Split Edge into n ;

3.2.2.

.

-

Modify

Equal Segments –

:

(Drag).

(Fillet). .

, , Radius.

,

.

.

,

. , ,

; (Corner ). , ; 88

.

«

-

.

. ,

; (Cut).

-

.

, ,

: (Trim 1st, Trim 2nd), (Full Circle); .

(Trim Both), (Trim None), (Chamfer ). Length.

, n

» (Paste Handle) .

,

.

,

,

. ( ) : End/Set Paste Handle – , End/Use Plane Origin as Handle – , End/Use Default Paste Handle – 89

-

.

;

Clear Selection

.

(Replicate).

-

, .

. ,

(Paste), :

;

(r )

(Duplicate).

-

(f)

.

. (

-

(

. 3.14), .

,

.

,

,

. 3.15), -

. ;

-

. End. Esc.

,

,

; . 3.15

(Offset). . .

,

-

, End Selection/Place Offset. , . , (Spline Edit). ,

. 3.14

, , ; Spline. .

(Copy). .

,

, Cut,

;

-

-

,

,

-

.

. (Move).

.

,

.

, 90

91

-

3.2.3.

, ,

-

,

,

;

(Coincident).

-

, .

.

; (Midpoint).

, . .

.

: ).

, Constraints,

, (Fixed). . (

; (Symmetry). .

, ,

(

,

).

.

-

(

Select new symmetry axis ); (Parallel).

-

Fixed Endpoints –

-

.

. ,

; (Horizontal).

-

( X).

,

.

(

X

,

, Select multiple).

.;

; (Vertical).

Y).

( ,

,

.

,

. ,

;

Y (Perpendicular ).

.

(Concentric).

,

, -

, ; (Equal Radius). .

, ; (Equal Length). .

. 92

-

-

,

; (Tangent).

-

, ; 93

,

-

(Equal Distance).

,

.

Design Modeler . AutoConstraints.

. (1-2

2-3

3-4

3.2.4.

2-3,

-

.).

, Design Modeler , ,

, : ,

,

.

-

. 3.16.

,

,

. , Modeler ,

,

,

, . ,

,

:

Design , . ,

,

, .

-

. . Design Modeler

. 3.16

Auto Constraints : Cursors

.

, Global. ,

Cursors

, .

Global

. Design Modeler

-

(over-constrained)

.

Dimensions. Semi-Automatic.

Modeler -

. , ,

,

;

, .

,

,

Details View.

,

-

: Skip –

. .

94

Design -

,

; Exit – ; Continue – . 95

. ,

Dimension ;

,

,

,

-

.

. ,

-

.

. Design Modeler ,

,

, .

, .

.

, . (Horizontal).

X). -

( ,

,

,

Details View ( -

. 3.17).

; (Vertical). ( ; (Length/Distance).

. 3.17

), Y).

(Value).

-

, ,

Reference Only; . Edit.

-

.

-

, ; (Radius). ,

Move.

,

.

.

(RMX) ; (Diameter ). . (Angle).

(RMN), Animate,

.

;

, (

. . Alternate Angle); (General).

-

96

)

. -

Cycles.

: (

, -

. . Display Values.

Values 97

,

Names –

,

.

3.3.

-

.

-

-

,

. ,

-

. Design Modeler

.

Modelling

.

.

. 3.18

Sketch Instance, -

,

Details View, Generate . :

,

, .

Details View ( Base Sketch –

.

-

. 3.18) ,

;

:

,

(

). ,

,

; . 3.3.1.

; Base X, Base Y –

.

,

;

,

,

Instance X, Instance Y – ; Rotate Angle – (Instance X, Instance Y); Scale –

. (Extrude) .

. 3.19 Base Object –

.

: ,

-

.

Generate. Design Modeler .

,

,

: -

,

.

; Operation –

,

Add Material,

.

-

.

.

, .

98

Material es –

, «

» 99

Cut Imprint Fac,

. ( Direction Vector –

. ,

-

Add Frozen . 110);

, (Normal), Direction –

. None ;

. . : Normal –

, , Both Symmetric , Both Asymme. . Fixed – , , To Next , To Face – , To Surface -

Reversed – tric Extent Type – Through All –

( Depth –

. 3.20);

,

-

.

. . 3.20

,

(Line Body), (Surface Body).

– (Revolve)

( Object, Operation . 3.19

100

.

Direction – Angle

. 3.21). Extrude. ,

.

101

Base Axis -

(

),

.

,

.

. -

, . , . Thin/Surface?

As Yes,

. (Sweep) -

. 3.21

.

:

Profile – Path – Alignment –

; ; .

Path -

Tangent –

.

Global Axis ; .

Scale –

. 3.22

; Twist Specification –

,

(Skin/Loft).

. (No Twist)

,

Turns –

– .

Pitch – Turns

. Sweep

. 3.22.

,

-

Ctrl.

. 3.23.

, .

102

Profiles

,

–

Pitch

. .

,

,

,

103

Move to Top –

; Move Up –

;

Move Down –

; Move to Bottom –

-

. 3.24

. ,

Delete.

, ,

(

. 3.25).

: Line Body –

, (

. 3.23

Design Modeler

, Fix Guide Line.

, (guide line ).

.

-

Continue Sketch Selection

. , ,

. (

Details View.

.

. 3.23). .

-

, -

Profiles

(

. 3.25

).

, Lines From Points, Lines From . 126); , .

, Edges, Lines From Sketches ( . Surface Body – , , ( Thickness). , , Surface from Edges, Surface from Sketches, Surfaces from Faces ( . . 128); Solid – , . , , , Primitives ( . . 109). (Parts) Form New Part . .

. 3.24):

104

-

105

. . Extrude, Rotate, Sweep , Skin/Loft As Thin/Surface? , . ( No). ( Yes), : Inward Thickness – , , Outward Thickness , . . , Solid .

-

Fixed Radius Blend. Geometry , , Radius .

,

Variable Radius Transitions

Blend. Linear –

: Smooth – Start Radius, End Radius .

.

Thin/Surface. -

Selection Type

. 3.26

:

.

Faces to Remove – Faces to Keep ; Bodies Only – . Geometry Selection Type .

; c

. 3.26. ,

.

( . 3.27) Chamfer . Geometry

-

. Direction : Inward –

z, Outward , Mid-Plane –

-

, . -

Type

: Left-Right –

.

. 3.27

, . Design Modeler

, , Left-Angle (Right-Angle) –

, ( . 110).

.

(Line Body) Vertex Blend .

Freeze

(Sufrace Body) 106

-

.

. Body

, -

107

(

Verticies )

-

. ,

, .

, Points. : Construction Point – , Spot Weld – , « . Base Faces) ( Single –

,

(Face Offset); Sequence By Delta – : (Sigma ), (Delta ), (Face Offset); Sequence By N – : (Sigma ), (N) (Omega ), (F ace Offset); From Coordinates File – ; Manual Input –

,

», Point Load – ( Guide Edges), ( Definition ): : (Sigma ), (Edge Offset),

-

-

,

(Edge Offset)

,

(Edge Offset), -

. 3.28

Design Modeler ,

: ,

. Points

108

-

. 3.28.

,

,

. Create

,

,

Primitives ( ,

(Base Plane), gin Definitions),

, 109

. 3.29).

,

-

(Ori-

. Add Material, Cut Material .

tion ,

Opera-

As -

Thin/Surface? ,

.

Design Modeler.

. 3.30

Freeze

, Unfreeze. Tools . Generate

. 3.29 3.3.2.

. ,

,

, .

, Design Modeler , ,

,

. Freeze

Unfreeze

, , . -

-

,

. Orientation

Add Frozen.

(Pattern),

.

Create.

. ,

,

, ,

. -

,

, . Modeler

Freeze –

(

Design ) -

. Pattern Type Linear – (Direction), Circular –

Geometry

: . (Offset)

(Copies); .

(Axis),

. ( 110

. 3.30).

-

,

. (Copies). –

-

(Angle) Angle

Evenly Spaced

; 111

Rectangular –

,

. -

,

,

,

. Create

. Pattern . 3.31.

Pattern Type

,

«

, »

, .

,

Bodies

. ;

. (

Mirror – Mirror Plane

.

,

Type . 3.32). -

. Preserve Bodies? ;

No

. 3.32

Move –

. :

(Source Plane)

(Destination Plane). .

serve Bodies? ,

No

, .

. 3.31

Body Operation.

112

-

. 3.33; Delete – Body Operation .

.

113

Pre-

. 3.33

Scale –

.

. 3.34

, Scaling Origin): World Origin – , Body Centroids – . 0,001 1000. Simplify – Design Modeler Yes). Simplify Topology; Sew –

Translate –

, Point – (Scaling Factor ) .

. Simplify Geometry ( , , -

( (Surface Body),

).

-

. ,

, : Normal –

Tolerance, , User Define –

Loose –

-

.

, -

, rection Definition): Selection – , Coordinates – . Distance, – X Offset, Y Offset, Z offset. Rotate –

Create Solids.

Angle. Cut Material –

,

Yes Sew

. 3.34. User Tolerance (1 ;

114

(0,5 ),

) -

.

, tion): Selection –

. ,

.

, No). Cut Material

. Preserve Bodies? ;

(

Preserve Bodies? ; ( Axis Defini, Components – -

. Body Operation (Extrude, Rotate .) . ( ) . ( Preserve Bodies? Body Operation . 3.35.

115

Di-

-

-

. 3.35

Imprint Faces – .

-

Body Operation « .

» Operation ,

. 3.37

,

Boolean. (Solids), (Line Body)

Imprint Faces.

( . 3.36). Preserve Bodies?

(

Body).

. Create. Operation Unite –

No);

(Surface -

: Tool Bodies

. ;

Subtract –

, serve Tool Bodies? ; Intersect –

. 3.36

Slice Material –

. ,

,

,

. ( Yes).

. 3.37.

. Preserve Bodies? Body Operation

. Tool Bodies

. Tool Bodies , Intersect Result – : Intersection of All Bodies – , Union of All Intersection

-

. ,

Preserve Tool Bodies? Yes, Sliced,

Yes/No ,

(Frozen) 116

Pre-

Target Bodies .

117

.

-

Boolean . 3.38.

. 3.39

Slice By Surface –

,

. 3.38

( No). Slice by Surface

Slice .

,

Create

(

.

. Slice Targets (

;

Slice by Plane -

,

. Bounded Surface? ; Slice Off Faces –

, Faces.

Modeler . Slice

118

-

Slice By Surface

. Slice

. 3.39.

-

-

. 3.40. Target Face

, Slice Type

-

Slice

,

, Freeze). : Slice by Plane – (Base Plane). , – All Bodies) Selected Bodies

. ( Target Face) (Slice Targets= Select Bodies). Slice Targets= All Bodies. Bounded Surface?

Slice Off Faces 119

. 3.41;

. Design ,

Slice Off Edges – Slice Off Faces (Line body).

.

(Cross

Section).

Edges.

. 3.42.

Slice

. 3.42

Face Delete,

. 3.40

Create.

, « » Automatic).

Faces Method

( Edge Delete, Face Delete Edge Delete .

.

Healing

-

Face Delete

. 3.43. Edge Delete Healing Method.

,

No Healing

. . 3.41 120

121

Healing Method

. 3.44 , -

. Sketch Projection, . ,

,

-

.

,

-

, -

. 3.43

. .

Geometry

-

Generate.

, ,

. ,

,

Instance,

Sketch ,

. 3.3.3.

, Design Modeler ,

.

,

-

, . Named Selection , Tools

( ,

), ,

,

,

.

. 3.44

, 122

, 123

. -

. ,

«-».

(Surface body) Mid-Surface.

-

Face Pairs,

, .

-

, , . 3.46

. 3.45). .

-

Fill

.

Tools.

(

Extraction Type): By Cavity –

, By Caps – .

-

Faces.

(Surface Body).

. 3.45

( , ,

.

,

-

Bodies

, . Symmetry

Tools. ( 1

3).

Number of Plains , ,

Mechanical .

Symmetry

Preserve Solids).

. 3.47.

-

,

-

. 1

, . -

Caps

Capping

Fill

2

(Surface Body). Fill,

Extraction Type

3,

By

, 2 3

.

(Line Body) (Surface Body) Concept.

:

. 3.46.

124

Preserve

125

Faces

-

,

-

Lines From Edges

.

Edges

; . .

.

Operation

3D Curve

.

, Points. , From Coordinates File – Operation . , , , Clear , Delete Point

, Definition : Point Selection –

.

. 3.47

Lines From Points –

. Point Segments , , Points. ( Point Pairs) , ( Point Chains). , ; (Remove Last Segment) (Clear All Segments). Operation , Add Material, Add Frozen ; Lines From Sketches – . Base Object , , (Plane from Face), . Operation ; 126

: Open End – Closed End All Points – – Split Edges. , : Fractional – Fraction 0,5 Split by Delta – Sigma – Delta – Split by N –

, , .

,

Edges Definition

-

. ,

; : ,

; N : Sigma – , Omega – ,N– 127

.

.

, .

Design Modeler

-

Surface From Edges (

.

),

-

.

.

-

,

. (Surface Body)

-

: Surface From Edges –

Concept tion. 3.48,

.

Cross Sec. -

-

,

Edges

,

,

.

-

User Integrated , , , .

. Flip Sur face Norma l? )

(

,

-

Thickness );

, User Defined .

Surface From Sketches

-

,

. . (

Base Object

.

Operation Section

Add Material)

Add Frozen)

Deta ils View

. 3.49).

. -

Orient With Plane Normal? (

).

(

Offset Type ).

-

Yes –

;

Thickness

Surface From Faces –

. ,

Faces

.

Operation

, ,

. 3.48

Holes Repair Method (

No Healing )

-

Natural Healing. . 3.49

128

129

Cross -

3.4.

Hide Sketch –

.

, .

, -

.

-

.

Show Sketch; Look at –

,

-

.

, ,

;

Suppress –

, .

. , Suppress & All Below,

, .

.

;

: Edit Selection –

Unsuppress –

.

Suppress.

-

. ,

Unsuppress & All Below,

Details View; .

Insert –

. 3.5 Rename –

;

, Show Dependencies –

, .

.

,

. 77); ,

. .

,

-

, , ,

;

Delete – Generate –

; . Generate

; ; Always Show Sketch – ,

-

.

(

. )

,

Children –

.

, ,

, Suppress Body – .

; -

, (Line Body, Surface Body, Solid), Mechanical. Unsuppress Body; . . 3.50.

Show Sketch;

130

Parents

131

-

. , .

,

,

. ,

,

Workbench ,

. 3.50

.

-

. .

3.5.

, ,

,

. ,

Extrude,

,

Angle

.

Tools

-

Parameters.

. Details

Depth

.

Revolve , ,

,

Parameter Manager,

-

View

. 3.51). Design Modeler , .

,

,

-

Parame-

ter Manager ,

.

. , , , ,

, .

. -

.

. 3.51

,

. 3.52 -

ANSYS. , 132

-

: Design Parameters – ;

-

133

Parameter/Dimension Assignments – ; Check – ; Close – .

-

ZXPlane.L2 = 2*@ZXPlane.L1 + @ZXPlane.L3 – ZXPlane.L2 : @ZXPlane.L1 @ZXPlane.L3; Extrude1.FD1 = dist – Extrude1.FD1 dist, ; Extrude1.FD1 = sqrt(x_dist*x_dist+ y_dist*y_dist) Extrude1.FD1 x_dist, y_dist, . Check Design Modeler ( . 3.53). , . Close Parameter Manager .

-

-

. 3.52

, Parameter Manager .

,

Parameter/Dimension Assignments.

-

. @. : sin(x), cos(x), tan(x), exp(x),

– abs(x), ln(x), sqrt(x).

. 3.53

– -

. Parameters

Generate.

: ZXPlane.L1 = @ZXPlane.L1 – ZXPlane.L1 @ZXPlane.L1 ; 134

Parameter Set

. 3.54). , .

-

135

, Parameter Set

3. ZYPIane),

.

(XYPIane, ZXPIane, 50 45

X

.

. .

.

4. .

Move

. 5.

,

.

–

.

-

–

. 6.

. .

Extrude

,

.

7.

, .

3

. 5

.

8.

.

-

. Revolve

9.

Revolve

90° ,

.

. . 3.54

10.

-

Body Operation

.

, .

11. 1.

ANSYS Workbench, Static Structural.

-

Design Modeler.

. .

12. .

: Tree Outline

(Surface Body).

Details View?

. Draw

.

Dimensions

.

136

13.

? ?

Graphics

2.

. -

. -

.

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. 6.13 6.1.1.

, Workbench, Acceleration – ; Standard Earth Gravity – Rotational Velocity –

: ; . 6.15

. . 6.14 Inertial, .

Gravity)

. ,

. 6.14

.

218

-

Workbench ,

. ,

219

(Standard Earth . 2 9,80665 . Direction -

.

. 6.16,

6.16,

-

z

Rotational Velocity

My Coordinate System.

-

, (

. 6.17).

. 6.17 . 6.16

. 6.18 . -

Rotational Velocity

,

x, y

z

-

.

. ,

-

. By

Vector ),

(Define Axis).

( : ,

. 6.18

; ,

6.1.2.

. (

Magnitude

). -

Workbench Environment ( . 6.19).

Loads

-

:

(Define By Components) .

Pressure – ; Hydrostatic Pressure –

220

;

221

Force – ; Remote Force – Bearing Load – Bolt Pretension – ; Moment – ; Generalized Plane Strain – Line Pressure – Thermal Condition – Joint Load – Fluid Solid Interface – .

,

; ;

Magnitude – mks – .

.

-

, ;

-

.

;

(

. 6.22).

; ; (

)

Pressure

. ( (

-

. 6.20). . 6.21). ,

. 6.22

Geometry), ( Magnitude )

– Constant,

– Tabular , – Function.

Define By). . 6.19

Magnitude .

)

(Define By Vector ),

(Define By Components) (Define By Normal To).

-

-

Hydrostatic Pressure . ( . 6.23).

( Fluid Density).

(Vector ) (Magnitude) . 6.20

(Components) ( (Direction ) Hydrostatic Acceleration.

. 6.21 222

223

– . 6.23). ,

9,8

2

, . (

tem)

Coordinate Sys). -

( . 6.24, . . 6.25 . ,

-

, .

. 6.25

(

Magnitude).

,

(

. . 6.1). , .

. ,

. . 6.23

.

. 6.24

.

.

Force

mks – . . 6.26-6.28

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.

Geometry. Vector )

(Define -

,

.

(Define By Components).

224

-

225

, ,

,

Remote Force (

. 6.30). ,

. . 6.26

-

( X Coordinate, Y Coordinate, Z Coordinate) .

. 6.29

(Define By Vector ) (Define By

Components).

, ( mks – . 6.27

. . 6.1). .

. 6.30

-

. . ,

–

.

. 6.28 . 6.30

226

227

-

Bolt Pretension (

)

Bearing Load.

-

. . .

(

. 6.31). -

.

. 6.31

z,

. .

-

Bolt Pretension

.

.

Workbench

,

:

. -

( ) (

.

. 6.32.

-

-

)

. Define By):

-

Load – Preload) ( . 6.34); Adjustment – Preadjustment) . 6.35).

,

. 6.32

mks –

.

,

. . 6.36.

-

. 6.33.

. 6.34

. 6.35

-

Bolt Pretension

, . 6.33

2

.

,

228

229

. –

– .

-

-

(Lock). , . . 6.38), (

. 6.37

( . 6.39) . 6.40).

. 6.36

,

Moment ,

. Details of “ Moment” . .

Geometry

-

(Define By Vector ) (Define By Components). . . mks – . , . , . . 6.37.

(Magnitude) ,

230

. 6.38

. 6.39

231

. 6.40

, -

Line Pressure

.

Geometry . Define By):

(

(Components), (Tangential). . . 6.41. .

(Vector ) Line Pressure

mks –

Thermal Condition . Geometry . . nitude

22

,

Mag-

.

,

,

,

,

, .

. 6.43

.

232

, ,

-

. 6.41

-

,

.

,

. 6.42.

. 6.42

233

. 6.43.

6.2.

(

,

) –

(

. 6.45).

. . Workbench Supports Environment ( . 6.44) : Fixed Support – Displacement – Remote Displacement – ; Velocity – ; Impedance Boundary – ; Frictionless Support – . 6.44 ; Compression Only Support – ; Cylindrical Support – ; Simply Supported – ; Fixed Rotation – ; Elastic Support – ; Coupling – ; Constraint Equation – , (Fixed Support) , , , Fixed Support , Details of “ Fixed Support” Apply Geometry.

234

-

; . 6.45

;

, , Displacement. Geometry. ( Define By): x, y, z (Components); (Normal To).

-

«

-

» .

«0» -

.

. .

).

Free

,

. 6.46

,

, ,

235

-

,

. mks –

. 6.50

-

,

.

-

.

.

. 6.47 .

. 6.48

,

. –

.

-

,

.

. 6.49

. 6.47

. 6.48

Remote Displacement. . 6.49)

placement”

. 6.50

Details of “Remote Dis,

Frictionless Support

. .

( –

. X Coordinate, Y Coordinate, Z Coordinate). mks – , . 236

«

» (

-

). Apply.

Geometry 237

-

. 6.51. .

. 6.52

-

Cylindrical Constraint

.

. 6.51

-

Compression Only Support

(Axial),

. Geometry.

,

. , .

-

(Radial) (Tangential) . 6.53).

-

: Free –

Fixed

.

. 6.53

-

(

).

, .

,

,

,

-

(Radial, Axial

Tangential)

. Compression Only Support

. ,

,

-

. 6.54.

Cylindrical Constraint

,

. . 6.52. . . 6.54 238

239

.

-

Simply Supported

Rota-

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tion X, Rotation Y, Rotation Z: Fixed –

-

. ,

. Fixed.

-

. Simply Supported

. 6.55.

–

, (Global Coordinate System)

Geometry.

Apply

, Free – -

. -

. . 6.57.

. 6.56

. 6.57

6.3. . 6.55

.

,

Fixed Rotation

. ,

.

(Static Structural) :

Fixed Rotation

,

. ,

Apply

Geometry.

(

240

. 6.56).

-

1. Step Controls ( Number Of Steps – Current Step Number – Step End Time – Auto Time Stepping –

): ; ; ; .

241

2. Solver Controls ( Solver Type – Weak Springs – Large Deflection – Inertia Relief – 3. Nonlinear Controls ( Force Convergence – Moment Convergence – Displacement Convergence – ; Rotation Convergence – ( ); Line Search – . 4. Output Controls ( Calculate Stress – Calculate Strain – Calculate Contact – Calculate Results At – 5. Analysis Data Management ( Solver Files Directory – Future Analysis – Scratch Solver Files Directory – Save ANSYS db – ANSYS; Delete Unneeded Files – Nonlinear Solution – Solver Units – Solver Unit System – . 6. Visibility (

6.3.1.

): ;

Step

; ;

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. .

):

-

; ,

;

.

-

. 6.58

, ,

,

-

.

, .

.

):

.

; ;

,

,

,

; .

.

Number

): Of Steps.

; ;

Tabular Data (

; ;

.

;

. Current Step Number Step End Time .

; ,

. -

. Auto Time Stepping

). 242

Controls ( :

. 243

.

. 6.11)

-

6.3.2.

.

Solver

(Program Controlled ), (Off)

(On)

-

Controls

(

.

. 6.61).

Solver Type

“ On”

.

Define By):

(Substeps)

(Time). , (Initial Substeps), mum Substeps)

(Maximum Substeps) . 6.59). (Initial Time Step),

(

Step)

(Mini-

(Minimum Time Step ) ( . 6.60).

-

Workbench : (Direct Solver ) (Iterative Solver ).

(Program Controlled).

. 6.61

,

-

.

(Maximum Time

. .

Weak Springs

, . . COMBIN14. Controlled).

. . 6.59

Messages.

. 6.60

(“On”) “On”,

“Off” ( (Number of Substeps) (Time Step).

244

Define By):

(Program -

-

. Solver Controls

(“Off”)

-

– Springs Stiffness,

245

6.3.3.

: Program Controlled –

-

Nonlinear -

Controls

; , (

Factor – Stiffness Factor ) (

,

-

, (

. 6.64).

. 6.62);

Manual –

(

Springs Stiffness Value) (

-

. 6.63).

. ,

. 6.62

-

, . .

,

, .

: ; ; ; .

: Program Controlled –

“On”.

;

,

Large Deflection

,

, Force Convergence – Moment Convergence – Displacement Convergence – Rotation Convergence –

. 6.63

Large Deflection

. 6.64

;

On –

,

Remove –

.

.

Inertia Relief

.

(“Off”). (“On”)

,

-

“On”

: Value –

. .

,

,

(ANSYS Calculated) , . -

.

-

. ; 246

247

Toleran e –

6.3.4.

, ,

.

Output Controls

-

;

Minimum Reference – , . Value Minimum Reference

.

. ,

,

-

. 6.65.

( . 6.66): Calculate Stress; Calculate Strain; Calculate Contact; Calculate Results At.

. 6.66

: (Stress), tact).

(Strain), (Calculate Results At)

(Con-

,

:

All Time Points – Last Time Point – Equally Spaced Time Point – .

; ; -

(Number Of Time Points). ANSYS

,

, . 6.65

, 1000.

Line Search

.

:

6.3.5.

Analysis Data Management

(

( ); ;

, Solver Files Directory. .

. 248

-

249

. 6.67). ,

,

-

Future Analysis

.

Unit

-

, ( . : None

)

(

. 6.68).

(Solver Unit System) Manual

. Solver Unit System

.

Prestressed analysis. Scratch Solver Files Directory, , ,

. 6.67

.

-

Workbench . 6.1.

-

,

-

. Save ANSYS db ANSYS.

, Mechanical APDL (ANSYS

). Delete Unneeded Files Workbench “Yes”,

. 6.68 6.1

. . .

,

., .

,

Nonlinear Solution. , . Solver Units

–

,

Manual –

( 250

: Active System . )

1

Metric (m, kg, N, s, V, A)

mks

2

Metric (cm, g, dyne, s, V, A)

cgs

3

Metric (mm, kg, N, s, mV, mA)

nmm

4

Metric (mm, t, N, s, mV, mA)

nmm

5

Metric (mm, dat, N, s, mV, mA)

nmm

6

Metric ( m, kg, N, s, V, mA)

mks

7

U.S. Customary (ft, lbm, lbf, ºF, s, V, A)

Bft

8

U.S. Customary (in, lbm, lbf, ºF, s, V, A)

Bin

251

6.3.6.

-

Visibility .

(

3. Number of Steps Analysis Settings. Tabular Data ? 4. :

(Acceleration ).

. 6.69).

,

(

-

? ?

. 6.70).

? (Components)

-

. 6.69

?

Display

Omit.

5. Gravity).

(Standard Earth ( )

.

6. locity. 7.

Rotational Ve-

? .

10

. 8. 9.

Magnitude?

.

. 6.70

? 10.

,

.

: ? 1.

.

. Graph

:

?

Tabular Data ? Graph

,

Tabular Data ?

? Remote Force.

11. Environment? Details of"../?

,

, -

Workbench. ,

Loads

-

4

12. Moment. 13. 14.

Environment?

, . 252

, .

Fixed Support Displacement X.

: ?

-

Supports

2.

.

,

-5

Environment .

-

-

,

«0» «Free»

? ?

. 253

15.

Frictionless Support, :

.

?

ANSYS Workbench

? ? 16. (Compression Only Support).

, : ? Compression Only Support? . (Cylindrical Constraint) , . : «Free» «Fixed»? ? ( ) . .

17.

18. Simply Supported :

? ? X (Fixed

19. Rotation ).

: ? ? ?

20.

Analysis Settings

.

: (Step Controls)? {Solver Controls)? (

Nonlinear Controls)?

A Acceleration – Active assembly – Active system – Add – Add frozen – Add material – Adjustment – Advanced – Alignment – All time points – Always – Analysis data management – Analysis settings – Angle – Animate – Apply – Arbitrary – Arc – Auto constraints – Auto time stepping – Axial – Axis – Axis of rotation –

.

;

,

; ,

,

(Analysis Data Management)? 21. ? 22. Weak Springs? 23. Delete Unneeded Files? 254

B Base object – Bearing load – 255

Behavior – Bend – Body centroids – Body operation – Bolt pretension – Boolean – Both asymmetric – Both symmetric – Boundary – Box –

C Calculate contact – Calculate results at – Calculate strain – Calculate stress – Cancel – Chamfer – Children – Circle – Circular – Clear selection – Coarse – Coincident – Collapse features – Components – Compression only support – Concentric – Concept – Cone – Constant – Constrain –

,

Constraint equation – Constraints –

,

Construction point – Construction point at intersection – Contact region – Contact sizing –

) -

Coordinate systems – Copies – Copy – Corner – Coupling – Create – Cross section – Current step number – Cursors – Curve – Cut – Cut material – Cycles – Cyclic – Cylinder – Cylindrical support –

;

,

256

(

D Defaults – Define by – Defined – Definition – Deformable –

;

(

) ,

257

…

Delete – Delete unneeded files – Depth – Details – Details of “ …” – Diameter – Dimensions –

Ellipse – Environment – Equal distance – Equal length – Equal radius – Equally spaced time point – Evenly spaced – Expand – Export – Extend – Extend type – Extrude –

,

Direct solver – Direction – Direction – Direction vector – Displacement – Displacement convergence – Display names – Display values –

,

Distance – Divisions – Drag – Draw – Dropped – Duplicate –

,

F Face delete – Factor – Fast – Fill – Fillet – Fine – Fixed –

,

,

,

-

, Fixed rotation – Fixed support – Fluid density – Fluid solid interface –

E Edge delete – Edit – Elastic support – Element midside nodes – Element size – Elements –

(

Force – Force convergence – Free – Freeze – Frictionless support –

258

,

259

)

Inertial – Initial size seed – Initial substeps – Initial time step – Integrated – Intersect – Inward thickness –

Full assembly – Full circle – Function – Future analysis –

G General – Generalized plane strain – Generate mesh – Geometry – Geometry selection – Global coordinate system – Graph –

(

)

-

K Kept –

,

Graphics annotation – Grid –

L Large deflection – Last time point – Length – Length/distance – Line – Line body – Line by 2 tangents – Line from points – Line pressure – Line search –

»

I Ignore axis – Impedance boundary – Import – Imprint faces –

,

260

,

,

–

Loads –

,

Inertia relief –

Iterative solver –

J Joint load –

,

H Healing – Hide sketch – High – Horizontal – Hydrostatic pressure –

,

, Look at – Loose – Low – 261

M Magnitude – Major grid spacing – Manual – Mapped face meshing –

;

Master geometry – Match control – Maximum substeps – Maximum time step – Medium – Mesh – Mesh control – Message – Method – Midpoint – Mid-surface –

-

, -

Minimum edge length – Minimum reference – Minimum substeps – Minimum time step – Minor-steps per major – Mirror – Model – Modeling – Modify – Moment – Moment convergence – Move –

N Named selection – New section plane – No selection – Nodes – Nonlinear controls – Nonlinear solution – Normal to – Number of steps – Number of time points –

…

O Off – Offset – On – Operation – Orientation about principal axis – Origin – Output controls – Outward thickness –

,

Oval –

,

262

P Parallel – Parallelepiped – Parents – Part – Paste – Paste handle – Path –

( ,

263

)

Pattern – Perpendicular – Please define – Point – Polygon – Polyline – Preadjustment – Preload – Preserve – Pressure – Preview – Preview surface mesh –

,

,

Primitives – Principal axis – Print preview – Prism – Profile – Program controlled – Project – Pyramid –

Redo – Reference only – Refinement – Refresh – Relevance – Remote displacement – Remote force – Remove – Rename – Replicate – Report – Reset – Reversed – Revolve – Rigid – Rotate – Rotation – Rotation convergence –

, , ,

,

, ,

,

(

)

Rotational velocity – Ruler –

Q Quadrilaterals –

S Save ANSYS db –

,

R Radial – Radius – Ratio – Rectangle – Rectangle by 3 points – Rectangular –

,

Scale – Scaling factor – Scope – Scoping method –

ANSYS , ( ,

Scratch solver files directory –

264

265

)

Section – Select multiple – Select new symmetry axis – Selection – Semi-automatic – Setting – Sew – Shape – Shape checking – Show dependencies –

Solver units –

,

Span – Sphere – Spline – Spline edit sphere – Split – Split at select –

, ,

(

,

,

) Split edge into n equal segments – Split edges – Split edges at all points –

Simplify – Simply supported – Sizing – Sketch instance – Sketching toolboxes – Skin/loft – Slave geometry – Slice – Slice by faces – Slice by plane – Slice by surface – Slice off edges Slow – Smoothing – Snaps per minor – Solid – Solids – Solver controls – Solver files directory – Solver type – Solver unit system –

n

,

Split edges at point – Springs stiffness – Springs stiffness factor – Standard earth gravity – Static structural – Statistics – Step control – Step end time – Substeps – Subtract – Supports –

, ,

,

266

-

, ,

Suppressed – Surface body – Sweep – Symmetry –

,

267

-

T Tabular – Tabular data – Tangent – Tangent line – Tangential – Thermal condition – Thickness – Through all – Time – Time step – Timestamp – Tolerance – Torus – Transformation – Transition – Translate – Tree outline – Triad – Triangles – Trim – Trim 1st – Trim both – Trim none – Type –

(

Use global setting – User define –

,

V Value – Vector – Velocity – Vertical –

, Y)

View advanced options – Visibility –

W Weak springs – Wizard –

,

A, mA – kg, g, t, dat – m, cm, mm, m – N, dyne, N – s– V, mV –

U Undo –

, , , , , , , , , ,

,

Unite – Update – Use advanced size function – 268

269

)

-

1.

.,

.

/

.

2.

.:

, 1982. – 448 .

. ., 2005. – 840 .

.

3.

.–

:

. 1984. – 428 .

4.

.

/

.

.–

:

«

5.

.

». –

.:

, 1970. –

.–

.:

.:

,

.–

.

.:

,

6. – . 90-103.

.

/

.

.–

1975. – 541 .

6.

, . , 1981. – 304 .

.:

7.

.,

8.

/ ., .–

.

.– ,

.

.

.

.:

.:

, 1976. – 464 .

.

,

: . ., 1985. – 392 .

. .

/ .–

9.

. , 1979. – 392 .

10.

., . , 1977. – 349 .

/

. /

.

.–

.:

.–

.:

,

ANSYS Workbench I

. . .

11. Clough R.W. The finite element method in plane stress analysis. J. Struct. Div., 24.09.10

ASCE, Proc. 2nd A.S.C.E. Conf. on Electronic Computation, Sept. 1960, p. 345-378.

60 84 1/16. . . . 15,75. .50 . .

12. Courant R. Variational Method for the Solution of Problems of Equilibrium and Vibration. Bull. Amer. Math. Soc., 49, 1943, p. 1-43.

. . . 15,72. 137/10

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» 443100, .

443100, .

270

,

.

,

, 244.

.

, 244.

271

8