Air and Gas Drilling Manual: Applications for Oil, Gas, Geothermal Fluid Recovery Wells, Specialized Construction Boreholes, and the History and Advent of the Directional DTH 9780128157923, 0128157925

Table of contents :
Front-Matter_2021_Air-and-Gas-Drilling-Manual
Front matter
Copyright_2021_Air-and-Gas-Drilling-Manual
Copyright
Preface_2021_Air-and-Gas-Drilling-Manual
Preface
Acknowledgments_2021_Air-and-Gas-Drilling-Manual
Acknowledgments
Chapter-1---Introduction--Calculation-Programming-_2021_Air-and-Gas-Drilling
Introduction, Calculation Programming, and Unit Systems
Introduction
Calculation Programming
Terminology
Unit Systems
Physical Mechanics
Basic Units and Usage
References
Chapter-2---Air-and-Gas-Versus-Mud_2021_Air-and-Gas-Drilling-Manual
Air and Gas Versus Mud
Rotary Drilling
Circulation Systems
Direct Circulation
Reverse Circulation
Comparison of Mud and Air Drilling
Advantages and Disadvantages
Flow Characteristics
References
Chapter-3---Surface-Equipment_2021_Air-and-Gas-Drilling-Manual
Surface Equipment
Drilling Location
Flow Line to the Rig
Bleed-Off Line
Scrubber
Water Injection Pump
Solids Injector
Valves
Gauges
Volumetric Flowrate Meters
Wellhead Equipment
Rotating Head
Blowout Prevention Stack
Flow Line From Rig
Blooey Line
Burn Pit
Primary and Secondary Jets
Sample Catcher
De-Duster
Gas Detector
Pilot Light
Solids-Gas Separator, ``Gas Buster´´
References
Chapter-4---Downhole-Equipment_2021_Air-and-Gas-Drilling-Manual
Downhole Equipment
Direct Circulation Drill Strings
Standard API Drill Pipe
Heavy-Weight Drill Pipe
Drill Collars
Stabilizers and Reamers
Drill Bits
PDC Bits
Roller Cutter Bits
Positive Displacement Motor (PDM) and Agitator
PDMs
Agitators
Down-The-Hole Hammer
DTH Air Hammer Bits
Evolution of the Directional DTH
The Javins Corporation
Discoveries of the Marcellus and the Utica Shales
Directional DTHs
Reverse Circulation Drill Strings
RC Dual Wall Pipe Drill String
RC Down Hole Hammers
RC Down Hole Bits (DHBs)
Reverse Circulation Applications
Retaining Walls
Vestfold Railway Line in Norway
References
Chapter-5---Compressors-and-Nitrogen-Generato_2021_Air-and-Gas-Drilling-Manu
Compressors and Nitrogen Generators
Compressor Classification
Standard Units
Continuous Flow (Dynamic) Compressors
Centrifugal Compressors
Axial-Flow Compressors
Intermittent (Positive Displacement) Compressors
Reciprocating Compressors
Rotary Compressors
Sliding Vane Compressors
Helical Lobe (Screw) Compressors
Liquid Piston Compressors
Summary of Positive Displacement Compressors
Compressor Shaft Power Requirements
Basic Single-Stage Shaft Power Requirement
Multistage Shaft Power Requirements
Prime Mover Input Power Requirements
Compressor System Units
Primary Compressor System Unit
Booster Compressor System Unit
Reciprocating Compressor Unit
Rotary Compressor System Unit
Fuel Consumption
Summary
Example Compressor System Units
Small Reciprocating Primary and Booster Compressor System
Four-Stage Reciprocating Compressor System
Rotary Primary and Reciprocating Piston Booster Compressor System
Membrane Field Nitrogen Generator
Allowable Oxygen Concentrations
Membrane Unit Efficiencies
References
Chapter-6---Direct-Circulation-Models_2021_Air-and-Gas-Drilling-Manual
Direct Circulation Models
Basic Assumptions
General Derivation
Weight Rate of Flow of the Gas
Three-Phase Flow in the Annulus
Two-Phase Flow Through the Bit
Two-Phase Flow in the Drill String
Aerated Fluid Drilling Model
Stable Foam Drilling Model
Air and Gas Drilling Model
Down The hole Hammer (DTH) Piston Motion Models
References
Chapter-7---Reverse-Circulation-Models_2021_Air-and-Gas-Drilling-Manual
Reverse Circulation Models
Basic Assumptions
General Derivation
Weight Rate of Flow of the Gas
Three-Phase Flow in the Drill String
Three-Phase Flow Through the Bit
Two-Phase Flow in the Annulus
Aerated Fluid Drilling Model
Stable Foam Drilling Model
Air and Gas Drilling Model
Down Hole Hammer (DHH) Piston Motion Models
References
Chapter-8---Air--Gas--and-Unstable-Foam-Drill_2021_Air-and-Gas-Drilling-Manu
Air, Gas, and Unstable Foam Drilling
Deep Well Planning
Minimum Volumetric Flow Rate and Compressor Selection
Discussion of Theories
Engineering Practice
Engineering Planning Graphs
Specific Weight of Air at API Standard Conditions (USCS Units)
Specific Weight of Air at 4000 ft Above Sea Level (USCS Units)
Minimum Volumetric Flow Rate at 4000 ft (USCS Units)
Number of Primary Compressor Units Required (USCS Units)
Specific Weight of Air at API Standard Conditions (SI Units)
Specific Weight of Air at 1219 m Above Sea Level (SI Units)
Minimum Volumetric Flow Rate (SI Units)
Number of Primary Compressor Units Required (SI Units)
Openhole Absolute Surface Roughness
Blooey Line
Number of Primary Compressor Units Required (USCS Units)
Number of Primary Compressor Units Required (SI Units)
Bottom Hole and Injection Pressures
Water Injection and Formation Water Influx
Saturation of Air at Bottomhole Conditions
Eliminate Stickiness
Suppression of Hydrocarbon Ignition
Prime Mover Fuel Consumption
Conclusions
References
Chapter-9---Aerated-Fluids-Drilling_2021_Air-and-Gas-Drilling-Manual
Aerated Fluids Drilling
Deep Well Drilling Planning
Aerated Fluids Drilling Operations
Drill Pipe Injection
Annulus Injection
Advantages and Disadvantages
Minimum Volumetric Flow Rates
Discussion of Theories
Terminal Velocities
Engineering Practice
Minimum Incompressible Fluid Volumetric Flow Rate (USCS Units)
Minimum Incompressible Fluid Volumetric Flow Rate (SI Units)
Nonfriction and Friction Illustrative Examples
Nonfriction Approximation
Major and Minor Losses for Homogeneous Multiphase Flow
Major and Minor Losses and the Effect of Fluid Holdup
Liquid Holdup
Conclusions
Chapter-10---Stable-Foam-Drilling_2021_Air-and-Gas-Drilling-Manual
Stable Foam Drilling
Stable Foam Rheology
Laboratory Stable Foam Screening
Empirical Algorithm for Screening
Deep Well Drilling Planning
Stable Foam Drilling Operations
Minimum Volumetric Flow Rates
Nonfriction and Friction Illustrative Examples
Nonfriction Approximation
Major and Minor Friction Losses
Conclusions
References
Chapter-11---Mathcad-Field-Example-Comparison_2021_Air-and-Gas-Drilling-Manu
Mathcad Field Example Comparisons
Directional DTH in the Appalachian Region
Reverse Circulation DHH Secant Boreholes
Underbalanced Shallow Three-Well Solution
References
Appendix-A---Dimensions-and-Units--Conversion-F_2021_Air-and-Gas-Drilling-Ma
Appendix A : Dimensions and Units, Conversion Factors
Appendix-B---Average-Annual-Atmospheric-Condit_2021_Air-and-Gas-Drilling-Man
Appendix B : Average Annual Atmospheric Conditions
Appendix-C---Direct-Circulation-Minimum-Volumetri_2021_Air-and-Gas-Drilling-
Appendix C : Direct Circulation Minimum Volumetric Flow Rates
Appendix-D---11-1-Mathcad-Directional-DTH-in-Appa_2021_Air-and-Gas-Drilling-
Appendix D : 11.1 Mathcad Directional DTH in Appalachian Region
11.1(b) Example: Mathcad Directional DTH for Drilling Through Appalachian Hardcap
Appendix-E---11-2-Mathcad-RC-DHH-Secant-Boreh_2021_Air-and-Gas-Drilling-Manu
Appendix E : 11.2 Mathcad RC DHH Secant Borehole
Appendix-F---11-3-Mathcad-Underbalance-Shallow-Thr_2021_Air-and-Gas-Drilling
Root
Appendix-G---Rules-of--Thumb--in-the-Oil-Patc_2021_Air-and-Gas-Drilling-Manu
Appendix G : Rules of “Thumb” in the Oil Patch
Introduction
Gas Cementing
Unloading the Hole From Bottom
Jetting the Flow Line
Stage Killing
Index_2021_Air-and-Gas-Drilling-Manual
Index