A Volgate Old Testament Reader 1593332157, 2004022928, 9781593332150

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GORGIAS HANDBOOKS Volume 1

A Vulgate Old Testament Reader

A Vulgate Old Testament Reader

SCOTT E. GOINS

GORGIAS PRESS 2005

First Gorgias Press Edition, 2005. Copyright © 2005 by Gorgias Press LLC. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. Published in the United States of America by Gorgias Press LLC, New Jersey. ISBN 1-59333-215-7

GORGIAS PRESS 46 Orris Ave., Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA www.gorgiaspress.com

Printed and bound in the United States of America.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Bible. O.T. English. Vulgate. Selections. A Vulgate Old Testament reader / Scott E. Goins.-- 1st ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 1-59333-215-7 1. Latin language--Readers. I. Goins, Scott E. II. Title. BS775 2005 221.4'7--dc22 2004022928

PREFACE This text, containing selections from the Vulgate Old Testament, is designed for readers who are acquainted with the basics of Latin grammar and who want to become more familiar with Jerome’s great work. Since the Vulgate comes from a period bridging Classical and Medieval Latin, it is accessible to students familiar with either style. I am grateful to several persons who have helped in the preparation of this text: Barbara Barrett, Jacob Blevins, Jonathan Broussard, Eric Coleman, Barbara Wyman, and an anonymous reader for Gorgias Press. Thanks are also due to members of a Latin class who used a rough version of this text: Lora Perkins, April Dean, Wendy Whelan, and Dafydd Wood. I dedicate this work to the glory of God and to Frank and Margie Schrader. Scott Goins McNeese State University Lake Charles, Louisiana

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CONTENTS Preface........................................................................................................v Contents...................................................................................................vii Introduction .............................................................................................ix History of the Vulgate.......................................................................ix Pronunciation ..................................................................................xiii Grammar ..........................................................................................xv A Guide to Using this Book.............................................................xv Basic Vocabulary............................................................................xvi Abbreviations for Sources in the Notes: .........................................xix Other Useful Sources: .....................................................................xix

Genesis.......................................................................................................1 I. The Creation (Genesis 1:1-2:3) ......................................................1 II. The Story of Joseph (Genesis 39 and 41:1-43)..............................8

Exodus .....................................................................................................25 I. The Story of Moses (Exodus 1:8-3:5)...........................................25 II. The Ten Commandments (Exodus 19:25-20:17) ........................37

I Samuel ...................................................................................................41 David and Goliath (I Samuel 17:1-52a) ...........................................41

Job.............................................................................................................55 I. Job’s Trial (Job 1:1-2:10) .............................................................55 II. Job’s Expression of Trust in God (Job 19:20-28)........................61

Psalms.......................................................................................................65 I. Psalm 1 .........................................................................................65 II. Psalm 21 (22) ..............................................................................66 III. Psalm 22 (23) .............................................................................71 IV. Psalm 50 (51).............................................................................72 V. Psalm 62 (63) ..............................................................................75 VI. Psalm 94 (95).............................................................................77 VII. Psalm 99 (100)..........................................................................78 VIII. Psalm 122 (123) ......................................................................79 IX. Psalm 129 (130).........................................................................80 IX. Psalm 138 (139).........................................................................81 X. Psalm 150....................................................................................84

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Wisdom Literature And The Prophets ...............................................87 I. Wisdom’s Invitation (Proverbs 9).................................................87 II. Prophecy of the Messiah (Isaiah 11:1-10)...................................89 III. The Fiery Furnace Daniel 3:1-23 and 91-99 ..............................91 IV. The Story of Daniel (Daniel 4-6) ...............................................98 V. The Story of Jonah (Jonah 1-4)................................................. 107

Dictionary ............................................................................................. 111

INTRODUCTION

HISTORY OF THE VULGATE Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus, more commonly known as Jerome, was born around A.D. 346 at Stridon in Dalmatia, a Roman province on the east coast of the Adriatic Sea. Jerome began his studies early, and at about the age of twelve he went to Rome, where he studied with the renowned scholar Donatus. Jerome was an accomplished student of both biblical studies and classical literature, but he directed his passion primarily towards religious matters as the result of a dream or vision he had after becoming extremely ill in 474. In the vision Jerome saw himself before the judgment seat of Christ and was asked to defend his affection for pagan literature. When he claimed his Christian identity, he was told, “You are lying, you are a Ciceronian, not a Christian” (Mentiris; Ciceronianus es, non Christianus, Ep. 22, 30). In an effort to redeem himself, Jerome decided to follow an ascetic life dedicated to scriptural studies, although he did not abandon the classics altogether. Jerome moved to Palestine, where he lived among hermits and began to study Hebrew. During this period he corresponded with Pope Damasus I, and in 382 he moved to Rome to work for the Pope. About a year later, Damasus asked Jerome to produce a standard translation of the Bible in Latin. The need for this translation was great. Almost no one in Western Europe knew Hebrew and Aramaic, the original languages of the Old Testament. Even Greek was not well known by most persons in the West, and so believers could no longer read the New Testament in the original or rely on the Septuagint or other Greek translations of the Old Testament, as many had done previously. Although there was an array of Latin translations, which are now commonly called Old Latin versions, there was no standard translation, and many of the ix

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translations were written in a style that was considered provincial. In addition to the problems with style, the very number of different translations presented a problem both from a scholarly standpoint and in terms of doctrine. At a time when the Church was attempting to define and stamp out heresy, dissenters from official doctrine could sometimes find renderings in the various translations that would support their views. Damasus seems to have envisioned a rather conservative project for Jerome. Jerome was asked to consult the Greek manuscripts of the New Testament but was told to follow the Old Latin translations closely. It is not clear that Damasus asked Jerome to revise all the Old Testament; perhaps Jerome was only asked to revise the Psalms. By the time of Damasus’ death in 386, Jerome had probably completed the Gospels and the Psalms. His rendition of the Psalms, the first of three that he would prepare, was based on the Septuagint and the Old Latin versions. Jerome may also have been working on other portions of the New Testament at this time, although there is considerable debate concerning how much of a hand he had in the New Testament portion of the Vulgate as it now stands. After Damasus’ death Jerome traveled and eventually settled in Bethlehem, where he would supervise a monastery for thirty years and work on his translation of the Old Testament. At first Jerome primarily used Greek translations of the Old Testament., employing especially the famous Hexapla version of Origen (ca. 185-254), which contained the original Hebrew, a Greek transliteration of the Hebrew, the Septuagint, and three other Greek translations. During this period Jerome translated much of the Old Testament, including a Psalter based on the Hexapla, which became known as the Gallican Psalter because of its popularity in Gaul and which ended up being the most commonly used Latin rendition of the Psalms. Jerome also worked on commentaries on some of the books of the Bible. Around 390 Jerome decided that he should make greater use of the Hebrew original in his Old Testament translations. He translated a third Psalter based on the original Hebrew, which never achieved the popularity of the Gallican Psalter, but which is sometimes placed alongside the Gallican Psalter in some editions. By about 405 Jerome had finished his translation of the Old Testament. Jerome also translated Tobit and Judith, although not

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the remainder of the books or portions of books that are referred to as deuterocanonical, which Jerome called the Apocrypha. These deuterocanonical works were eventually added to the Vulgate not long after Jerome’s death, as were introductions to individual books or to larger sections of the Bible. Many of these introductions were culled from Jerome’s writings, but some were written by other hands. Since Jerome’s work was written over a period of decades, when his attitudes towards how to employ his courses were changing, the level of originality in his translations varies greatly. In some books he translates freely from the original texts, and in others he closely follows the Old Latin versions.1 Jerome’s work was not universally accepted and in fact would not become the dominant Biblical text for over two hundred years. Many Christians, especially those in North Africa, preferred the Old Latin translations, and many felt that Jerome had gone too far in preferring the Hebrew manuscripts to the Septuagint, which was often considered to have been divinely inspired. In Rome and Gaul, and in Roman missions, such as Augustine of Canterbury’s evangelization of England, Jerome’s texts were widely used, however, and eventually Jerome’s text became the dominant one. By about the middle of the sixth century, Vulgate manuscripts outnumbered others by around two to one. A century later the ratio is around six to one.2 As soon as Jerome’s work became widely disseminated, faulty versions, often containing readings from the Old Latin translations, became a problem. Not much more than a century after Jerome’s death, Cassiodorus (c. 485-580) edited the Vulgate. He would be the first in a long line of editors who tried to salvage Jerome’s text from the errors of copyists. Towards the end of the 700s Charlemagne asked Alcuin of York to edit the Vulgate. Alcuin’s text was made widely available, but it soon became corrupt also. Alcuin preferred the Gallican Psalter to Jerome’s first Psalter, and his choice caused the Gallican Psalter to become the dominant version thereafter. Among other versions in the Middle Ages was the For a good discussion, see H.F.D. Sparks, “Jerome as a Biblical Scholar,” in P. R. Ackroyd and C. F. Evans, eds., The Cambridge History of the Bible, Vol. 1: From the Beginnings to Jerome (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970), 513-26. 2 See Christopher de Hamel, The Book: A History of the Bible (London and New York: Phaidon Press, 2001), 28. 1

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popular, but not always accurate, Paris Bible, edited by the University of Paris in the thirteenth century. Around 1455, as the Middle Ages were coming to an end and the Renaissance beginning, the Vulgate was chosen by Gutenberg to be the first book printed with movable type.3 Interest in the Vulgate was great in the Renaissance, both in the effort to retrieve Jerome’s original text and in assessing the quality of Jerome’s translation. Lorenzo Valla (c. 1407-1457) published a list of what he felt were mistakes or infelicities in Jerome’s work. Similarly in 1516 Erasmus printed a new Testament with Greek in one column and his own Latin translation in another. Jerome’s text was edited by several scholars, including Stephanus, who produced a relatively accurate edition in 1528, which he revised in 1532. Less than twenty years after Stephanus, Jerome’s Bible became a focal point of the Council of Trent. Faced with the new vernacular translations by Protestants, the Council declared Jerome’s translation the official text of the Bible, the editio vulgata, whence the term “Vulgate,” although the word had actually been applied to Jerome’s text in the Middle Ages. The Council did not establish a specific edition of the Jerome’s work, however. Finally, in the 1580s, Pope Sixtus V appointed a commission to produce an official edition of the Vulgate, which was published in 1590. Although this text was given official sanction, many errors were found in it, and it was revised in 1592. This corrected version became known as the Clementine edition. Since the Clementine version was the official text for Roman Catholics for about the next 400 years, and since Protestants tended to focus on the original languages of the Old and New Testaments, there was little interest in editing subsequent Vulgate texts until the late 1800s. Around the turn of the twentieth century, however, textual criticism of the Vulgate attracted significant scholarly attention, sometimes sponsored by Rome and sometimes as the result of independent inquiry. From 1889-1954 an Oxford text of the New Testament was formed by Wordsworth and White, and in 1908 Pope Pius X asked the Benedictines to produce a scholarly text of the Vulgate, of which only the Old Testament has been completed. In 1969 the Benedictine and Oxford texts were The British Library has recently made photos of two Gutenberg Bibles available on the internet at their website at www.bl.uk. 3

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used as a basis for a two-volume Vulgate text published by the Württemberg Bibelanstalt in Stuttgart. This “Stuttgart Edition” is probably the closest to what Jerome actually wrote, but it was printed without capitalization or punctuation and so is difficult to use by the average Latinist.4 In 1977 Alberto Colunga and Laurentio Turrado published a Biblia Sacra iuxta Vulgatam Clementinam, Nova Editio for the Biblioteca de Autores Christianos series.5 Around the same time a New Vulgate was published under the direction of the Roman Catholic Church. This text was designed for liturgical use and is now the official source for liturgy when Latin is used in the Novus Ordo mass. Although the New Vulgate does correct some textual errors in the Clementine version, it also introduces some changes that abandon Jerome’s readings in favor of the original Hebrew and Greek manuscripts. Thus it is more of a revision than an edition of Jerome’s Vulgate. The New Vulgate is in print and is also found along with the RSV in the English version of the popular Navarre Bible series.6 Both the New Vulgate and the Stuttgart Edition are also currently available on the Internet.7 This author does not know of any Internet cite that offers the whole of the Clementine Vulgate, but one website currently offers most of the text.8 Because the Clementine text had such long and illustrious usage, I have chosen to employ it for this text, although I have substantially altered the punctuation and made minor changes in orthography.

PRONUNCIATION Around the beginning of the fourth century the pronunciation of Latin began to change into what is usually called Medieval or Ecclesiastical Latin. There are not many differences between the two styles, but there are some significant changes that occur. 4 A one-volume version of this text is available from the American Bible Society (www.bibles.com). 5 This text is readily available in the United States from the American Classical League (www.aclclassics.org). 6 The New Vulgate is available from www.paxbook.com. 7 For the New Vulgate, see the Vatican website, www.vatican.va; for the Stuttgart Edition, see, among others, www.perseus.tufts.edu. 8 See www.vulsearch.sourceforge.net.

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Readers more familiar with classical pronunciation may wish simply to pronounce words in the classical style. For those wishing to use ecclesiastical pronunciation, here is a guide: vowels and dipthongs: ā as in father a as in apostle ē as in they e as in let ī as in machine i as in fit ō as in note o as in toss ū as in rude u as in put ae as in day au as in house ei or oe as in vein consonants: Pronounce consonants as in English or Classical Latin except for the following: c before a, au, o, u, or ou as in cat c before ae, e, i, or oe as in charity g before a, au, o, u, or ou as in gate g before ae, e, i, or oe as in gentle gn like the ny sound in onion j like the y sound in yet qu as in quit sc before a, au, o, u, or ou as in scout sc before ae, e, i, or oe as in she t before short i and another vowel as the ts in tsunami z as the dz sound in adze As in classical Latin, accentuation is based on the “antepenultimate rule.” According to this rule, if the penult (nextto-last syllable) is long, it is accented; if it is short, the antepenult (next-to-next-to-last syllable) is accented. A syllable is long if it has

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a long vowel, a diphthong, or (in most cases) has two consonants following the vowel.

GRAMMAR Just as pronunciation was changing during the Late Latin period, so too was grammar. The grammar of the Vulgate is very similar to that of Classical Latin, although there are some differences. The following are some of the most important differences between Classical Latin and the grammar of the Vulgate. Readers interested in more information should consult the bibliographical sections included at the end of this introduction. 1. For indirect statement the Vulgate often uses quod, quia, or quoniam with a verb in the indicative or the subjunctive. The classical construction, with an infinitive and an accusative subject, is also frequently used. 2. The indicative is often used where one would expect to find the subjunctive, e.g., often in indirect questions. 3. Many deponent verbs have a reflexive sense, much like a Greek middle. For example multiplicamini can best be translated at “multiply” rather than “be multiplied.” 4. The Vulgate, like Medieval Latin, frequently employs the future active participle with sum (the future active periphrastic) in place of the regular future. 5. There is frequent use of the linking or copulative relative pronoun beginning a sentence. For example, Qui at the beginning of a sentence should be translated as “And he.”

A GUIDE TO USING THIS BOOK It is assumed that the reader of this book will have a basic knowledge of Classical or Medieval Latin. The reader should be at least somewhat familiar with the use of the subjunctive, although notes in the text will initially point out particular usages. Before translating the selections in this book, readers should learn all the words in the Basic Vocabulary section below. These words will not be glossed in the notes, although they will be included in the Dictionary at the back of the book. With the exception of proper nouns, words not in the Basic Vocabulary will be glossed in the notes until they have appeared three times. (Words appearing more than once in the same verse will only be

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glossed once in that verse.) When a word has been glossed three times, it will have an asterisk beside it in the notes. At this point the reader should be sure to learn the word. With the exception of proper names, all words glossed in the notes and in the dictionary have macrons (long marks) and indications of gender when appropriate. A (1) indicates that a verb is regular first conjugation. My translations are italicized in the notes. I have also included some translations from the DouayRheims version, which will be quoted with the abbreviation DR.

BASIC VOCABULARY The following words should be thoroughly learned. They will not normally be glossed in the readings, although they will be included in the Dictionary at the back of the book. Entries will include these abbreviations: abl. ablative acc. accusative adv. adverb conj. conjunction dat. dative f. feminine gen. genitive indecl. indeclinable m. masculine n. neuter pl. plural prep. preposition refl./mid. reflexive/middle sing. singular subst. substantive (an adjective used as a noun) w. with ā, ab, or abs (prep. + abl.) from, by ad (prep. + acc.) to, towards, according to agō, -ere, ēgī, actum do, act aiō (irregular) say alius, alia, aliud another person/thing alter, -a, -um another, the other of two anima, -ae (f.) life, soul, being, creature aqua, -ae (f.) water

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audiō, -īre, -īvī (-iī), -ītum hear autem (conj.) but, however, and beātus, -a, -um blessed benedīcō, -ere, -dīxī, -dictum (+ dat.) bless, curse (as a euphemism) bonus, -a, -um good caelum (coelum), -ī (n.) sky, heaven corpus, corporis (n.) body cum (conj.) when, while, since, although cum (prep. + abl.) with cunctus, -a, -um all, the whole dē (prep. + abl.) from, out of, concerning, of deus, deī (m.) god, God dīcō, -ere, dīxī, dictum say, speak diēs, diēī (m./f.) day dominus, -ī (m.) lord, master, the Lord domus, -ūs (domī) (f.) house, home, tribe dūcō, dūcere, duxī, ductum lead ego I enim (conj.) for, because ergō (adv.) therefore et (conj.) and, also, even etiam (conj.) also ē or ex (prep. + abl.) from, out of faciō, -ere, fēcī, factum do, make ferō, ferre, tulī, lātum carry, bear fīō, fierī, factus sum become, be made, happen habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itum have hīc, haec, hōc this person/thing homō, hominis (m.) man ibi (ibī) (adv.) there igitur (conj.) therefore ille, illa, illud that person/thing; he, she, it in (prep. + acc. or abl.) into, against (w. acc.); in, on (w. abl.) inveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventum find, come upon, discover ipse, ipsa, ipsum himself, herself, itself; that very person/thing is, ea, id he, she, it ita (adv.) thus, so itaque (conj.) and so

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jubeō, -ēre, jussī, jussum order lūmen, -inis (n.) light lux, lūcis (f.) light magnus, -a, -um large, great malus, -a, -um bad, evil; an evil (n. as subst.) manus, -ūs (f.) hand mittō, -ere, mīsī, missum send, place, cast, throw multus, -a, -um much, many nē (adv. and conj.) not, that not, lest nec or necque (adv. and conj.) not, and not; neque … neque … neither … nor … nōn (adv.) not nōs we omnis, omne each, all, every pōnō, -ere, posuī, positum put, place possum, posse, potuī be able, can post (adv. or prep. + acc.) after propter (prep. + acc.) because of pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum beautiful, handsome -que (conj.) and quī, quae, quod who, which quod (conj.) that (w. indirect statement); because, but quoque (conj.) also rex, rēgis (m.) king rursum or rursus (adv.) again sequor, sequī, secūtus sum follow sī (conj.) if stō, stāre, stetī, statum stand sum, esse, fuī be super (prep. + acc.) on, above, concerning, over, in charge of, beyond suus, -a, -um his, her, its, their own terra, -ae (f.) earth, land, country trādō, -ere, trādidī, trāditum hand over, deliver, betray tū you tuus, -a, -um your ubī (ubi) (adv.) where, when ut (adv. and conj.) as, when (w. indicative); in order to, to (purpose clause); with the result that, that (result clause) vēniō, -īre, vēnī, ventum come

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verbum, -ī (n.) word, reason, cause videō, -ērē, vīdī, vīsum see vir, virī (m.) man, husband vocō (1) call vōs you (pl.)

ABBREVIATIONS FOR SOURCES IN THE NOTES: A&G DR P&W

Greenough, J. B., et al., eds. Allen and Greenough’s New Latin Grammar. New Rochelle, N.Y.: Caratzas Brothers, 1979; orig. publ. 1903. (Cited by paragraph number.) The Holy Bible, Douay Rheims Version. Rockford, Ill.: Tan Books, 1989; reprint of 1899 ed. Plater, W. E., and H. J. White, eds. A Grammar of the Vulgate: An Introduction to the Latinity of the Vulgate Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997; orig. publ. 1926. (Cited by paragraph number.)

OTHER USEFUL SOURCES: Beeson, Charles. A Primer of Ecclesiastical Latin. Washington: Catholic University of America Press, 1986. (A good introduction to Eccesiastical Latin for those who already know Classical Latin.) Collins, John F. A Primer of Ecclesiastical Latin. Washington: Catholic University of America Press, 1989. (A thorough and affordable introduction to the Latin of the Church.) Colunga, Alberto, and Laurentio Turrado. Biblia Sacra iuxta Vulgatam Clementinam, Nova Editio. Madrid: Biblioteca de Autores Cristianos, 1977. (Available from the American Classical League, www.aclclassics.org) De Hamel, Christopher. The Bible: A History of the Book. London/New York: Phaidon, 2001. (A readable and lavishly illustrated history of the development of the Bible, including the Latin versions.) Fischer, B. et. al. eds. Biblia Sacra Iuxta Vulgatam Versionem. Stuttgart: Württembergische Bibelanstalt, 1969. (The so-called “Stuttgart Edition,” printed without punctuation or capitalization. This text is available on the internet at www.perseus.tufts.edu.)

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Kelly, J.N.D. Jerome: His Life, Writings, and Controversies. London: Routledge, 1975. Lewis, Carlton T., and Charles Short. A Latin Dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1879. (A comprehensive dictionary of Classical and Late Latin containing most words in the Vulgate. The newer Oxford Latin Dictionary does not extend into the Late Latin period.) Mantello, F.A.C. and A. G. Rigg, eds. Medieval Latin: An Introduction and Bibliographical Guide. Washington: Catholic University of America Press, 1996. (A thorough reference work that includes articles on the Vulgate.) Niermeyer, Jan Frederik, et al., eds. Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 2002. (A thorough dictionary of Medieval Latin.) Nova Vulgata Bibliorum Sanctorum Editio. Vatican City: Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1979. Rebanich, Stefan. Jerome. London/New York: Routledge, 2002. Scanlon, Cora Carroll, and Charles L. Scanlon. Latin Grammar. Rockford, Ill.: TAN Books and Publishers, 1976. (A good introduction to the study of Church Latin, with several selections from the Vulgate New Testament.) Sparks, H.F.D. “Jerome as a Biblical Scholar,” in P. R. Ackroyd and C. F. Evans, eds. The Cambridge History of the Bible, Vol. 1: From the Beginnings to Jerome. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970), 510-41. (A good discussion of the development of the Vulgate and of Jerome’s translation methods.) Stelten, Leo F. Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson, 1995. (A good dictionary containing most of the words in the Vulgate.) Traupman, John C. The New College Latin and English Dictionary. 2nd ed. New York: Amsco, 1966. (A good, inexpensive dictionary of Classical Latin containing most words in the Vulgate.) Vöörhus, A. “Versions,” in Geoffrey Bromiley, ed. International Standard Bible Encyclopedia. Rev. ed. (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1988) 4: 969-83. (A thorough discussion of the development of the Vulgate.) Wordsworth, John, and H. I. White. Novum Testamentum Domini Nostri Jesu Christi, Latine Secundum Editionem S. Hieronymi Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1889-1954.

GENESIS

I. THE CREATION (GENESIS 1:1-2:3) (1) In principio1 creavit2 Deus caelum et terram. (2) Terra autem erat inanis3 et vacua,4 et tenebrae5 super faciem6 abyssi;7 et Spiritus8 Dei ferebatur super aquas. (3) Dixitque Deus, “Fiat lux,”9 et facta est lux. (4) Et vidit Deus lucem10 quod11 esset bona, et divisit12 lucem a tenebris.13 (5) Appellavitque14 lucem Diem et tenebras15 Noctem;16 factumque est vespere17 et mane,18 dies unus.19 principium, -iī (n.) beginning creō (1) create 3 inānis, -e empty, void 4 vacuus, -a, -um void 5 tenebrae, -ārum (f. pl.) darkness. With tenebrae supply sunt. 6 faciēs, -ēī (f.) face 7 abyssus, -ī (f.) deep, abyss 8 spīritus, -ūs, (m.) spirit, breath 9 Fiat lux: let there be light (jussive subjunctive) 10 Et vidit Deus lucem quod esset bona: and God saw the light that it was good. Normally lucem would appear in the second part of the sentence following quod. (I.e., and God saw that the light was good.) The type of construction we see here, in which the subject of the subordinate clause is anticipated, is called the proleptic or anticipatory accusative (A&G 576). 11 Note that quod, quia, or quoniam is used like the English “that” to introduce an indirect statement, in contrast to the Classical Latin construction with the infinitive and accusative subject. The verb used is usually in the subjunctive mood. 12 dīvidō, -ere, dīvīsī, dīvīsum divide, separate 13 tenebrae, -ārum (f. pl.) darkness 14 appellō (1) name 15 *tenebrae, -ārum (f. pl.) darkness 16 nox, noctis (f.) night 17 vesper, vesperis (vesperī) (m.) evening 1 2

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2

(6) Dixit quoque Deus, “Fiat firmamentum20 in medio21 aquarum, et dividat22 aquas ab aquis.” (7) Et fecit Deus firmamentum,23 divisitque24 aquas quae erant sub25 firmamento26 ab his quae erant super firmamentum, et factum est ita. (8) Vocavitque Deus firmamentum Caelum, et factum est vespere27 et mane,28 dies secundus.29 (9) Dixit vero30 Deus, “Congregentur31 aquae quae sub32 caelo sunt in locum33 unum, et appareat34 arida.”35 Et factum est ita. (10) Et vocavit Deus aridam,36 Terram. Congregationesque37 aquarum appellavit38 Maria,39 et vidit Deus quod esset bonum.40 (11) Et ait, “Germinet41 terra herbam42 virentem43 et facientem semen,44 et māne (indecl. noun or adv.) morning; in the morning factumque est vespere et mane, dies unus: and it was done in the evening and the morning, one day. 20 firmāmentum, -ī (n.) firmament, barrier; Fiat firmamentum: let there be a firmament. The firmament was apparently conceived of as a dome through which water could come for rain. Fiat and dividat are jussive subjunctives. 21 medius, -a, -um middle; the middle (n. as subst.) 22 dīvidō, -ere, dīvīsī, dīvīsum divide, separate 23 firmāmentum, -ī (n.) firmament, barrier 24 *dividō, -ere, dīvīsī, dīvīsum divide, separate 25 sub (prep. + acc. or abl.) under 26 *firmamentum, -ī (n.) firmament, barrier 27 vesper, vesperis (vesperī) (m.) evening 28 māne (indecl. noun or adv.) morning; in the morning 29 secundus, -a, um second 30 vērō (adv.) truly 31 congregō (1) gather together, congregate. What usage of the subjunctive is employed with congregentur and appareat? (See verse 6.) 32 sub (prep. + acc. or abl.) under 33 locus, -ī (m.) or loca, -ōrum (n. pl.) place 34 appāreō, -ēre, -uī, -itum appear 35 ārida, -ae (f.) dry land 36 ārida, -ae (f.) dry land 37 congregātiō, -ōnis (f.) gathering, congregation 38 appellō (1) name, call 39 mare, maris (n.) sea 40 quod esset bonum: that it was good (indirect statement) 41 germinō (1) produce seed 42 herba, -ae (f.) grass, herb; herbam … pomiferum: green grass and the grass making seed and the fruit trees 18 19

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lignum45 pomiferum46 faciens fructum47 juxta48 genus49 suum, cujus semen in semet ipso50 sit51 super terram.” Et factum est ita. (12) Et protulit52 terra herbam53 virentem54 et facientem semen55 juxta56 genus57 suum, lignumque58 faciens fructum,59 et habens unumquodque60 sementem61 secundum62 speciem63 suam. Et videt Deus quod esset bonum. (13) Et factum est vespere64 et mane,65 dies tertius.66 (14) Dixit autem Deus, “Fiant luminaria67 in firmamento caeli, et dividant diem ac noctem.68 Et sint in signa69 et tempora70 et dies et annos,71 (15) ut luceant72 in firmamento caeli et illuminent73

virens, virentis green sēmen, sēminis (n.) seed 45 lignum, -ī (n.) wood, tree 46 pōmifer, -a, -um producing fruit 47 fructus, -ūs (m.) fruit 48 juxtā (prep. + acc.) next to, according to 49 genus, generis (n.) kind, type 50 sēmet = sē himself, herself, itself, themselves; semet ipso: itself (ipso is an intensifier.) 51 cuius semen ... sit: whose seed will be in itself, which would have its own seed (a relative clause of purpose or characteristic) 52 prōferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātum bring forth 53 herba, -ae (f.) grass, herb 54 virens, -entis green 55 sēmen, sēminis (n.) seed 56 juxtā (prep. + acc.) according to 57 genus, generis (n) kind, type 58 lignum, -ī (n.) wood, tree 59 fructus, -ūs (m.) fruit 60 unusquisque every one 61 sēmentis, -entis (f.) seed, seed corn 62 secundum (prep. + acc.) according to 63 speciēs, speciēī (f.) appearance, kind 64 *vesper, vesperis (vesperī) (m.) evening 65 *māne (indecl. noun or adv.) morning; in the morning 66 tertius, -a, -um third 67 lūmināre, lūmināris (n.) light 68 *nox, noctis (f.) night 69 signum, -ī (n.) sign; in signa: for signs 70 tempus, temporis (n.) time 71 annus, -ī (m.) year 43 44

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terram.” Et factum est ita. (16) Fecitque Deus duo74 luminaria75 magna—luminare majus76 ut praeesset77 diei et luminare minus78 ut praeesset nocti79— et stellas.80 (17) Et posuit eas in firmamento caeli ut lucerent81 super terram (18) et praeessent82 diei ac nocti et dividerent lucem ac tenebras. Et vidit Deus quod esset bonum.83 (19) Et factum est vespere et mane, dies quartus.84 (20) Dixit etiam Deus, “Producant85 aquae reptile86 animae viventis87 et volatile88 super terram sub89 firmamento caeli.” (21) Creatvitque90 Deus cete91 grandia92 et omnem animam93 viventem94 atque95 motabilem96 quam produxerant97 aquae in species98 suas et

72 lūcēō, -ēre, lūxī shine; luceant is a subjunctive used to express purpose. 73 illūminō (1) illumine, shine on 74 duo, duae, duo two 75 lūmināre, lūmināris (n.) light 76 major, majus larger (comparative of magnus, -a, -um) 77 praesum, -esse, -fuī (+ dat.) be over, rule; ut praeesset diei: in order that it rule the day (a purpose clause). 78 minor, minus smaller (comparative of parvus, -a, -um) 79 *nox, noctis (f.) night 80 stella, -ae (f.) star 81 lūcēō, -ēre, lūxī shine 82 praesum, -esse, -fuī (+ dat.) be over, rule 83 quod esset bonum: that it was good (indirect statement) 84 quartus, -a, -um fourth 85 prōdūcō, -ere, -duxī, -ductum produce, bring forth 86 reptile, reptilis (n.) creeping animal, reptile; reptile animae viventis: “creeping creature having life” (DR). animae viventis is a genitive of quality (P&W 20 and 113). 87 vīvō, -ere, vixī, victum live 88 volātilis, -e flying; bird (n. as subst.) 89 *sub (prep. + acc. or abl.) under 90 creō (1) create 91 cētē (n. pl.) (cētus, -ī [m.]) whale 92 grandis, -e great, large 93 Translate animam here as being or creature. 94 vīvō, -ere, vixī, victum live 95 atque (conj.) and 96 mōtābilis, -e moving 97 prōdūcō, -ere, -duxī, -ductum produce, bring forth 98 speciēs, speciēī (f.) appearance, kind

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omne volatile99 secundum100 genus101 suum. Et vidit Deus quod esset bonum. (22) Benedixitque eis dicens, “Crescite102 et multiplicamini103 et replete104 aquas maris,105 avesque106 multiplicentur super terram.” (23) Et factum est vespere et mane, dies quintus.107 (24) Dixit quoque Deus, “Producat108 terra animam viventem109 in genere suo, jumenta,110 et reptilia,111 et bestias112 terrae secundum113 species114 suas.” Factumque est ita. (25) Et fecit Deus bestias115 terrae juxta116 species suas, et jumenta,117 et omne reptile118 terrae in genere suo. Et vidit Deus quod esset bonum (26) et ait, “Faciamus hominem ad imaginem119 et similtudinem120 nostram, et praesit121 piscibus122 maris,123 et volatilibus124 caeli, et

volātilis, -e flying; bird (n. as subst.) secundum (prep. + acc.) according to 101 genus, generis (n.) kind, type 102 crescō, -ere, crēvī, crētum increase, grow 103 multiplicō (1) multiply; multiplicamini: be multiplied or multiply (themselves). This form is passive imperative but can best be understood as being like a reflexive without a pronoun (sē) or like a Greek middle. 104 repleō, -ēre, -plēvī, -plētum fill 105 mare, maris (n.) sea 106 avis, avis (f.) bird 107 quintus, -a, -um fifth 108 *prōducō, -ere, -duxī, -ductum produce, bring forth 109 *vīvō, -ere, vixī, victum live 110 jūmentum, -ī (n.) cow, beast 111 reptile, reptilis (n.) creeping animal, reptile 112 bestia, -ae (f.) beast 113 *secundum (prep. + acc.) according to 114 *speciēs, speciēī (f.) appearance, kind 115 bestia, -ae (f.) beast 116 juxtā (prep. + acc.) according to 117 jūmentum, -ī (n.) beast, cow 118 *reptile, reptilis (n.) creeping animal, reptile 119 imāgō, -inis (f.) image; ad imaginem et similtudinem nostrum: according to our image and likeness 120 simultūdō, -inis (f.) likeness 121 *praesum, -esse, -fuī (+ dat.) be over, rule 122 piscis, piscis (m.) fish 123 *mare, maris (n.) sea 124 *volātilis, -e flying; bird (n. as subst) 99

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bestiis,125 universaeque126 terrae, omnique reptili quod movetur127 in terra.” (27) Et creavit Deus hominem ad imaginem128 suam; ad imaginem Dei creavit illum; masculum129 et feminam130 creavit eos. (28) Benedixit illis Deus et ait, “Crescite,131 et multiplicamini,132 et replete133 terram, et subjicite134 eam, et dominamini135 piscibus136 maris, et volatilibus caeli, et universis137 animantibus138 quae moventur139 super terram.” (29) Dixitque Deus, “Ecce!140 Dedi vobis omnem herbam141 afferentem142 semen143 super terram, et universa144 ligna145 quae habent in semet146 ipsis sementem147 generis sui ut148 sint vobis in escam,149 (30) et cunctis animantibus150 terrae, omnique volucri151 caeli, et universis *bestia, -ae (f.) beast ūniversus, -a, -um entire, all 127 moveō, -ēre, mōvī, mōtum move; movetur: moves (passive as refl./mid.; see verse 22.) 128 imāgō, -inis (f.) image 129 mascūlus, -ī (m.) man 130 fēmina (foemina), -ae (f.) woman 131 crescō, -ere, crēvī, crētum increase, grow 132 multiplicō (1) multiply (passive as refl./mid.) 133 repleō, -ēre, -plēvī, -plētum fill 134 subjiciō, -ere, -jēcī, -jectum subdue 135 dominor (1) (+ gen. or dat.) rule over 136 piscis, piscis (m.) fish 137 ūniversus, -a, -um entire, all 138 animans, -antis living; living thing (n. as subst.) 139 moveō, -ēre, mōvī, mōtum move (passive as refl./mid.) 140 ecce! behold! look! 141 *herba, -ae (f.) grass, herb 142 afferō, afferre, attulī, allatum bring 143 *sēmen, sēminis (n.) seed 144 *ūniversus, -a, -um entire, all 145 *lignum, -ī (n.) tree, wood 146 sēmet = sē himself, herself, itself, themselves; in semet ipsis: in themselves (ipsis serves as an intensifier of semet.) 147 sēmentis, -entis (f.) seed, seed corn 148 ut sint: in order that they be (What type of subjunctive? See verse 16.) 149 esca, -ae (f.) food; in escam: for food 150 animans, -antis living; living thing (n. as subst.); cunctis animantibus, as well as omnique volucri and universis, are dative, paralleling vobis in verse 29. (Behold! I have given you all plants … and [I have given the plants] to all animals ….) 125 126

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quae moventur152 in terra et in quibus est anima vivens ut habeant ad vescendum,”153 et factum est ita. (31) Viditque Deus cuncta quae fecerat, et erant valde154 bona. Et factum est vespere et mane, dies sextus.155 (2:1) Igitur perfecti sunt156 caeli, et terra, et omnis ornatus157 eorum. (2) Complevitque158 Deus die septimo159 opus160 suum quod fecerat, et requievit161 die septimo ab universo opera quod patrarat.162 (3) Et benedixit diei septimo163 et sanctificavit164 illum, quia in ipso cessaverat165 ab omni opere166 suo quod167 creavit ut faceret.

volucris, -is (f.) bird *moveō, -ēre, mōvī, mōtum move (passive as refl./mid.) 153 vescor, vescī (+ abl.) feed on; ad vescendum: for feeding upon (ad + gerund to express purpose; see A&G 506.) 154 valdē (adv.) very 155 sextus, -a, -um sixth 156 perficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectum finish 157 ornātus, -ūs (m.) adornment 158 compleō, -ēre, -plēvī, -plētum complete 159 septimus, -a, -um seventh; die septimo: on the seventh day (an abl. of time) 160 opus, operis (n.) work, deed 161 requiescō, -ere, -quiēvī, -quiētum rest 162 patrō (1) accomplish; patrarat is a syncopated (shortened) form of patraverat. 163 septimus, -a, -um seventh 164 sanctificō (1) make holy, sanctify 165 cessō (1) stop, cease 166 opus, operis (n.) deed, work 167 quod creavit ut faceret: “which God created and did” (DR); ut faceret literally means in order to do (a purpose clause) 151 152

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II. THE STORY OF JOSEPH (GENESIS 39 AND 41:1-43) (39:1) Igitur Joseph168 ductus est in Aegyptum.169 Emitque170 eum Putiphar,171 eunuchus172 Pharaonis,173 princeps174 exercitus,175 vir Aegyptius,176 de manu Ismaelitarum,177 a quibus perductus erat.178 (2) Fuitque Dominus cum eo.179 Et erat vir in cunctis prospere180

Joseph (m.) Joseph (the son of Jacob) Aegyptus, -ī (f.) Egypt 170 emō, -ere, ēmī, emptum buy 171 Putiphar (m.) Potiphar 172 eunūchus, -ī (m.) eunuch; important official 173 Pharaō, -ōnis (m.) Pharaoh 174 princeps, -cipis (m.) leader, commander 175 exercitus, -ūs (m.) army 176 Aegyptius, -a, -um Egyptian; an Egyptian (m. as subst.) 177 Ismaēlītēs, -ae (m.) an Ishmaelite (member of a nomadic tribe believed to have descended from Ishmael, Abraham’s son by Hagar; see Gen. 16.) 178 perducō, -ere, -duxī, -ductum lead to, bring, lead 179 eo refers to Joseph here. 180 prosperē (adv.) prosperously; in cunctis prospere agens; faring prosperously in all things 168 169

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agens, habitavitque181 in domo domini sui. (3) Qui182 optime183 noverat184 Dominum esse185 cum eo et omnia quae gereret186 ab eo dirigi187 in manu illius. (4) Invenitque Joseph gratiam188 coram189 domino suo, et ministrabat190 ei, a quo praepositus191 omnibus, gubernabat192 creditam193 sibi domum et universa quae ei tradita fuerant.194 (5) Benedixitque Dominus domui Aegyptii propter Joseph, et multiplicavit tam195 in aedibus196 quam in agris197 cunctam ejus substantiam.198 (6) Nec quidquam199 aliud noverat200 nisi201 panem202 habitō (1) live Qui: and he (Potiphar). This is an example of the “connective relative pronoun” (A&G 308f), which is common in the Vulgate. In this construction a relative pronoun is used at the beginning of a sentence, where English would require a conjunction and a demonstrative pronoun. 183 optimē (adv.) very well 184 noscō, -ere, nōvī, nōtum come to know; know (perfect), knew (past perfect) 185 Both esse and dirigi are infinitives in indirect statement, according to the usual Classical construction. 186 gerō, -ere, gessī, gestum bear, do; gereret is in the subjunctive mood because it is part of a subordinate clause in indirect statement. et omnia … illius: and that all he did was directed by Him (God) in his (Joseph’s) hand 187 dīrigō, -ere, -rexī, -rectum direct, control 188 grātia, -ae (f.) grace, favor 189 cōram (prep. + abl.) in the presence of, in the sight of 190 ministrō (1) serve 191 praepōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positum place someone (acc.) over someone/thing (dat.); a quo … fuerant: (Joseph) having been placed over everything by him (a quo), governed over the house entrusted to him and everything that had been handed over to him 192 gubernō (1) govern 193 crēditus, -a, -um entrusted 194 tradita fuerant = tradita erant (regular form of the past perfect passive) 195 tam … quam … as much … as … 196 aedēs, aedis (f.) room (sing.); house (pl.) 197 ager, agri (m.) field 198 substantia, -ae (f.) substance, goods 199 quisquam, quaequam, quidquam (quicquam) anyone/thing 200 noscō, -ere, nōvī, nōtum come to know; know (perfect), knew (past perfect) 181 182

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quo vescebatur.203 Erat autem Joseph pulchra facie204 et decorus205 aspectu.206 (7) Post multos itaque dies injecit207 domina208 oculos209 suos in Joseph et ait, “Dormi210 mecum.” (8) Qui,211 nequaquam212 acquiescens213 operi214 nefario,215 dixit ad eam, “Ecce!216 Dominus meus, omnibus217 mihi traditis, ignorat218 quid habeat219 in domo sua. (9) Nec quidquam220 est quod non in mea sit potestate221 vel222 non tradierit mihi, praeter223 te quae uxor224 ejus es. Quomodo225 ergo possum hoc malum facere et peccare226 in227 Deum eum?”

nisi (conj.) unless, except, if not pānis, pānis (m.) bread, loaf 203 vescor, vescī (+ abl.) feed on, eat 204 faciēs, faciēī (f.) face, appearance; pulchra facie: with a handsome face (an abl. of description); decorus aspectu: good looking in appearance (an abl. of specification). Erat … aspectu: Moreover, Joseph had a handsome face and a fine appearance. 205 decōrus, -a, -um beautiful, handsome 206 aspectus, -ūs (m.) countenance, face, appearance 207 injiciō, -ere, -jēcī, -jectum throw, cast, direct 208 domina, -ae (f.) mistress 209 oculus, -ī (m.) eye 210 dormiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītum sleep 211 Qui: and he (connective relative; see verse 3.) 212 nēquāquam (adv.) in no way 213 acquiescō, -ere, -quiēvī, -quiētum agree, acquiesce 214 *opus, operis (n.) deed, work 215 nefārius, -a, -um wicked, evil 216 ecce! behold! look! 217 omnibus mihi traditis: with all things having been entrusted to me (an abl. absolute) 218 ignōrō (1) not know, be ignorant of 219 quid habeat: what he possesses (an indirect question) 220 quisquam, quaequam, quidquam (quicquam) anyone/thing 221 potestās, -ātis (f.) power; quod … mihi: the subjunctives sit and traderit are used in a relative clause of characteristic. 222 vel (conj. or adv.) or, even 223 praeter (prep. + acc.) besides, except for 224 uxor, -ōris (f.) wife 225 quōmodo (adv.) how 226 peccō (1) sin 227 in: against 201 202

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(10) Hujuscemodi228 verbis per singulos229 dies et mulier230 molesta231 erat adulescenti,232 et ille recusabat233 stuprum.234 (11) Accidit235 autem quadam236 die ut intraret237 Joseph domum et operis quippiam238 absque239 arbitris240 faceret. (12) Et illa, apprehensa241 lacinia242 vestimenti243 ejus, diceret, “Dormi244 mecum.” Qui, relicto245 in manu ejus pallio,246 fugit247 et egressus est248 foras.249 (13) Cumque vidisset mulier250 vestem251 in manibus suis et se esse contemptam,252 (14) vocavit ad se homines domus suae et ait ad eos, “En!253 Introduxit254 virum Hebraeum255 ut illuderet256 228 hūjusmodī or hūjuscemodī of this kind; hujuscemodi verbis: with words of this kind (abl. of means) 229 singulus, -a, -um each, every; per singulos dies: every day 230 mulier, -eris (f.) wife 231 molestus, -a, -um troublesome 232 adulescens (adolescens), -entis (m./f.) young man or woman 233 recūsō (1) refuse 234 stuprum, -ī (n.) shameful act, disgrace 235 accidō, -ere, accidī happen; accidit … ut: and it also happened on a certain day that. (accidit leads into two result clauses.) 236 quīdam, quaedam, quoddam (quiddam) a certain person/thing 237 intrō (1) enter 238 quispiam, quaepiam, quodpiam (quidpiam or quippiam) anyone/thing, someone/thing; operis quippiam: some work (partitive gen.) 239 absque (prep. + abl.) without 240 arbiter, arbitrī (m.) witness 241 apprehendō, -ere, -hendī, -hensum grab, seize 242 lacinia, -ae (f.) border 243 vestīmentum, -ī (n.) garment, clothing 244 dormiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītum sleep 245 relinquō, -ere, -līquī, -lictum leave behind 246 pallium, -iī (n.) garment, cloak 247 fugiō, -ere, fūgī, fugitum flee 248 ēgredior, -ī, ēgressus sum depart, come forth 249 forās (adv.) outside 250 mulier, -eris (f.) woman, wife; cumque vidisset mulier: when the wife had seen (cum circumstantial) 251 vestis, vestis (f.) garment, clothing 252 contemnō, -ere, -tempsī, -temptum despise, slight; et se esse contemptam: and that she was despised (indirect statement) 253 ēn! look!

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nobis. Ingressus est257 ad me ut coiret258 mecum. Cumque ego succlamassem259 (15) et audisset vocem260 meam, reliquit261 pallium262 quod tenebam263 et fugit264 foras.”265 (16) In argumentum266 ergo fidei267 retentum268 pallium269 ostendit270 marito271 revertenti272 domum (17) et ait, “Ingressus est273 ad me servus274 Hebraeus quem adduxisti275 ut illuderet276 mihi. (18) Cumque audisset277 me clamare,278 reliquit279 pallium quod tenebam280 et fugit281 foras.”282 (19) His auditis283 dominus et

intrōducō, -ere, -duxī, -ductum bring in Hebraeus, -a, -um Hebrew; a Hebrew (m. as subst.) 256 illūdō, -ere, -lūsī, -lūsum (+ dat.) mock, trick, make a fool of; ut illuderet nobis: so that he may make sport of us 257 ingredior, ingredī, ingressus sum enter 258 coeō, coīre, coiī (coīvī), coitum have sexual relations with 259 succlāmō (1) cry out; succlamassem is a syncopated (shortened) version of succlamavissem (cum circumstantial) 260 vox, vōcis (f.) voice 261 relinquō, -ere, -līquī, -lictum leave behind 262 pallium, -iī (n.) garment, cloak 263 teneō, -ēre, -uī, tentum hold 264 fugiō, -ere, fūgī, fugitum flee 265 forās (adv.) outside 266 argūmentum, -ī (n.) proof, evidence; in argumentum ego fidei: therefore, as a proof of her fidelity 267 fidēs, fidēī (f.) faith, faithfulness 268 retineō, -ēre, -tinuī, -tentum hold back, keep 269 *pallium, -iī (n.) garment, cloak 270 ostendō, -ere, ostendī, ostensum (ostentum) show 271 marītus, -ī (m.) husband 272 revertō (or revertor, etc.), -ere, -vertī, -versum come back, return 273 ingredior, ingredī, ingressus sum enter 274 servus, -ī (m.) slave, servant 275 adducō, -ere, -duxī, -ductum bring to 276 illūdō, -ere, -lūsī, -lūsum (+ dat.) trick, make a fool of, mock 277 Cum audisset: What type of construction? (See verse 13.) 278 clamō (1) shout 279 *relinquō, -ere, -līquī, -lictum leave behind 280 teneō, -ēre, -uī, tentum hold 281 *fugiō, -ere, fūgī, fugitum flee 282 *forās (adv.) outside 283 His auditis: these things having been heard (an abl. absolute) 254 255

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nimium284 credulus285 verbis conjugis286 iratus287 est valde.288 (20) Tradiditque Joseph in carcerem289 ubi vincti290 regis custodiebantur291 et erat ibi clausus.292 (21) Fuit autem Dominus cum Joseph293 et misertus294 illius dedit ei gratiam295 in conspectu296 principis297 carceris.298 (22) Qui tradidit in manu illius universos vinctos299 qui in custodia300 tenebantur, et quidquid301 fiebat sub ipso erat. (23) Nec noverat302 aliquid, cunctis ei creditis.303 Dominus enim erat cum illo, et omnia opera ejus dirigebat.304 [In chapter 40 Joseph correctly interprets the dream of the Pharaoh’s baker and butler, who had been imprisoned. As Joseph predicted, the baker is killed, but the butler is restored to his position. The butler had promised to tell the Pharaoh of Joseph’s goodness and ability to predict dreams, but he forgot to do this.] (41:1) Post duos305 annos306 vidit Pharao somnium.307 Putabat308 se stare super fluvium,309 (2) de quo ascendebant310 nimium (adv.) exceedingly, too much crēdulus, -a, -um trusting in 286 conjunx, conjugis (m./f.) spouse, husband, wife 287 īrātus, -a, -um angry 288 valdē (adv.) very, greatly 289 carcer, carceris (m.) prison 290 vinctus, -ī (m.) prisoner 291 custōdiō, -īre, -īvī (-iī), -ītum guard, watch over, keep 292 claudō, -ere, clausī, clausum close, close in, imprison 293 Joseph is ablative. 294 misereor, -ērī, misertus (miseritus) sum (+ gen.) pity 295 grātia, -ae (f.) grace, favor 296 conspectus, -ūs (m.) sight 297 princeps, -cipis (m.) leader, commander 298 carcer, carceris (m.) prison 299 vinctus, -ī (m.) prisoner 300 custōdia, -ae (f.) custody, watch 301 quisquis, quaequae, quidquid whoever, whatever; anyone/thing 302 *noscō, -ere, nōvī, nōtum come to know; know (perfect), knew (past perfect) 303 crēditus, -a, -um entrusted; cunctis ei creditis: with all things (having been) entrusted to him (an abl. absolute) 304 dīrigō, -ere, -rexī, -rectum direct, control 305 duo, duae, duo two 306 annus, -ī (m.) year 307 somnium, -iī (n.) dream 284 285

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septem311 boves312 pulchrae et crassae313 nimis,314 et pascebantur315 in locis palustribus.316 (3) Aliae quoque septem317 emergebant318 de flumine,319 foedae,320 confectaeque321 macie,322 et pascebantur323 in ipsa amnis ripa324 in locis325 virentibus.326 (4) Devoraveruntque327 eas quarum mira328 species et habitudo329 corporum erat. Expergefactus330 Pharao (5) rursum331 dormivit,332 et vidit alterum somnium.333 Septem334 spicae335 pullulabant336 in culmo337 uno plenae338 atque formosae.339 (6) Aliae quoque totidem340

putō (1) think, suppose fluvius, -ī (m.) river 310 ascendō, -ere, ascendī, ascensum ascend, climb 311 septem seven 312 bōs, bovis (m./f.) ox, cow 313 crassus, -a, -um fat, sleek 314 nimis (adv.) exceedingly 315 pascō, -ere, pāvī, pastum feed; graze (passive as refl./mid.) 316 paluster (palustris), palustris, palustre swampy, marshy 317 septem seven; aliae quoque septem: and another seven (cows) 318 ēmergō, -ere, ēmersī, ēmersum come out 319 flūmen, -inis (n.) river 320 foedus, -a, -um detestable, hideous, foul 321 conficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectum make thoroughly, complete 322 maciēs, maciēī (f.) thinness, emaciation 323 pascō, -ere, pāvī, pastum feed, graze (passive as refl./mid.) 324 rīpa, -ae (f.) bank (of a river), river bank 325 locus, -ī (m.) or loca, -ōrum (n. pl.) place 326 *virens, -entis green 327 dēvorō (1) devour, eat 328 mīrus, -a, -um strange, wonderful 329 habitūdō, -inis (f.) form, condition 330 expergēfactus, -a, -um awakened 331 rursum or rursus (adv.) again 332 *dormiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītum sleep 333 somnium, -iī (n.) dream 334 *septem seven 335 spīca, -ae (f.) ear of grain 336 pullulō (1) sprout 337 culmus, -ī (m.) stalk 338 plēnus, -a, -um (+ gen. or abl.) full, full of, plentiful 339 formōsus, -a, -um beautiful, handsome 340 totidem just as many, the same number 308 309

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spicae341 tenues342 et percussae343 uredine344 oriebantur,345 (7) devorantes346 omnem priorum347 pulchritudinem.348 Evigilans349 Pharao post quietem350 (8) et, facto mane,351 pavore352 perterritus353 misit ad omnes conjectores354 Aegypti cunctosque sapientes355 et accersitis356 narravit357 somnium,358 nec erat qui interpretaretur.359 (9) Tunc360 demum361 reminiscens362 pincernarum363 magister364 ait, “Confiteor365 peccatum366 meum. (10) Iratus367 rex servis368 suis me et magistrum369 pistorum370 retrudi371 jussit in carcerem372 principis373 militum,374 (11) ubi una spīca, -ae (f.) ear of grain tenuis, -e slender, thin 343 percutiō, -ere, -cussī, -cussum strike, strike down, kill 344 ūrēdō, -inis (f.) rust, blight 345 orior, -īrī, ortus sum arise 346 dēvorō (1) devour, eat 347 prior, prius (gen. prioris) earlier 348 pulchritūdō, -inis (f.) beauty 349 ēvigilō (1) awake 350 quiēs, -ētis (f.) rest, quiet 351 facto mane: the morning having come (What type of construction?) 352 pavor, -ōris (m.) fear, terror 353 perterritus, -a, -um very frightened 354 conjector, -ōris (m.) interpreter 355 sapiens, -entis wise, knowing; wise man (m. as subst.) 356 accersō, -ere, -īvī, -ītum summon; accersitis: to them having been summoned (dative) 357 narrō (1) tell 358 somnium, -iī (n.) dream 359 interpretor (1) explain, interpret; qui interpretaretur: who would interpret (relative clause of characteristic or purpose) 360 tunc (adv.) then 361 dēmum (adv.) finally 362 reminiscor, -ī remember 363 pincerna, -ae (m.) cup bearer, butler 364 magister, -trī (m.) master, chief, overseer 365 confiteor, -ērī, -fessus sum confess, trust in, give thanks 366 peccātum, -ī (n.) sin, crime 367 īrātus, -a, -um angry 368 servus, -ī (m.) slave, servant 369 magister, -trī (m.) master, chief, overseer 370 pistor, -ōris (m.) baker 371 retrūdō, -ere put away, cast away 341 342

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nocte uterque375 vidimus somnium376 praesagum377 futurorum.378 (12) Erat ibi puer Hebraeus, ejusdem379 ducis militum380 famulus,381 cui narrantes382 somnia (13) audivimus quidquid383 postea384 rei385 probavit386 eventus.387 Ego enim redditus sum388 officio389 meo, et ille suspensus390 est in cruce.”391 (14) Protinus392 ad regis imperium393 eductum394 de carcere Joseph totonderunt,395 ac, veste396 mutata,397 obtulerunt398 ei.399 (15)

*carcer, carceris (m.) prison *princeps, -cipis (m.) leader, commander 374 mīles, -itis (m.) soldier 375 uter, utra, utrum both, each, either 376 *somnium, -iī (n.) dream 377 praesāgus, -a, -um predicting 378 futūrus, -a, -um future; futurorum: of future things, of the future 379 īdem, eadem, idem the same person/thing 380 mīles, -itis (m.) soldier 381 famulus, -ī (m.) servant 382 narrō (1) tell 383 quisquis, quaequae, quidquid whoever, whatever; anyone/thing; quidquid … eventus: what the outcome of the situation proved to be afterwards (what the future ended up proving true) 384 posteā (adv.) afterwards 385 rēs, rēī (f.) thing 386 probō (1) prove 387 ēventus, -ūs (m.) outcome 388 reddō, -ere, reddidī, redditum give back, restore 389 officium, -iī (n.) duty, office 390 suspendō, -ere, -pendī, -pensum hang 391 crux, crucis (f.) cross 392 protīnus (adv.) immediately 393 imperium, -iī (n.) power, empire, command; ad regis imperium: according to the order of the King 394 ēdūcō, -ere, ēduxī, ēductum lead out, draw out; Joseph is accusative and goes with eductum. 395 tondēō, -ēre, totondī, tonsum shear, cut hair 396 vestis, vestis (f.) garment, clothing 397 mūtō (1) change 398 offerō, offerre, obtulī, oblātum offer, bring forward 399 ei: i.e., Pharaoh 372 373

GENESIS

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Cui ille ait, “Vidi somnia, nec est qui edisserat.400 Quae audivi te sapientissime401 conjicere.”402 (16) Respondit403 Joseph, “Absque404 me Deus respondebit prospera405 Pharaoni.” (17) Narravit406 ergo Pharao quod viderat, “Putabam407 me stare super ripam408 fluminis409 (18) et septem boves410 de amne411 conscendere412 pulchras nimis,413 et obesis414 carnibus,415 quae in pastu416 paludis417 virecta418 carpebant.419 (19) Et ecce!420 Has sequebantur aliae septem boves in tantum421 deformes422 et macilentae423 ut numquam424 tales425 in terra Aegypti viderim.426 (20) ēdisserō, -ere, -uī, -sertum explain; nec est qui edisserat: nor is there anyone who can interpret them (relative clause of characteristic or purpose) 401 sapienter (adv.) wisely, craftily 402 conjiciō, -ere, -jēcī, -jectum conjecture, give an interpretation; Quae … conjicere: which [dreams] I have heard that you interpret most wisely. Translate: and I have heard that you interpret them most wisely. 403 respondeō, -ēre, -spondī, -sponsum reply 404 absque (prep. + abl.) without 405 prosperus (prosper), -a, -um prosperous, useful, good 406 *narrō (1) tell 407 putō (1) think, suppose 408 rīpa, -ae (f.) bank (of a river), river bank 409 flūmen, -inis (n.) river 410 *bōs, bovis (m./f.) ox, cow; et septem … conscendere: and that the seven cows came down from the river (indirect statement dependent on putabam) 411 amnis, amnis (m./f.) river, stream 412 conscendō, -ere, -scendī, -scensum ascend, climb 413 nimis (adv.) exceedingly 414 obēsus, -a, -um fat 415 carō, carnis (f.) meat, flesh; obesis carnibus: with fat flesh (abl. of description) 416 pastus, -ūs (m.) food, pasture 417 palūs, palūdis (f.) swamp, marsh 418 virectum, -ī (n.) green place, glade 419 carpō, -ere, carpsī, carptum pull, pluck, seize 420 *ecce! behold! look! 421 tantus, -a, -um so much, so great, such; in tantum: to such a degree 422 dēformis, -e misshapen 423 macilentus, -a, -um thin, lean 424 numquam (adv.) never 425 tālis, -e such 400

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Quae, devoratis427 et consumptis428 prioribus,429 (21) nullum430 saturitatis431 dedere432 vestigium433 sed simili434 macie435 et squalore436 torpebant.437 “Evigilans,438 rursus sopore439 depressus,440 (22) vidi somnium. Septem spicae441 pullulabant442 in culmo443 uno plenae444 atque pulcherrimae. (23) Aliae quoque septem tenues445 et percussae446 uredine447 oriebantur448 e stipula,449 (24) quae priorum450 puchritudinem451 devoraverunt. Narravi conjectoribus452 somnium, et nemo453 est qui edisserat.”454

ut … viderim is a result clause *dēvorō (1) devour, eat; devoratis … prioribus: with the earlier ones having been devoured and consumed (What type of construction?) 428 consūmō, -ere, -sumpsi, -sumptum consume 429 prior, prius (gen. prioris) earlier 430 nullus, -a, -um no, none; no one (m. as subst.) 431 saturitās, -ātis (f.) fullness 432 dedere = dederunt 433 vestīgium, -iī (n.) trace, sign 434 similis, -e same, similar, like 435 maciēs, maciēī (f.) thinness, emaciation 436 squālor, -ōris (m.) filthiness, neglect 437 torpeō, -ēre, torpuī be sluggish 438 ēvigilō (1) awake 439 sopor, -ōris (m.) sleep 440 dēprimō, -ere, -pressī, -pressum weigh down; evigilans … depressus: awakening, and again having been overcome by sleep 441 *spīca, -ae (f.) ear of grain 442 pullulō (1) sprout 443 culmus, -ī (m.) stalk 444 plēnus, -a, -um (+ gen. or abl.) full, full of, plentiful 445 tenuis, -e slender, thin 446 percutiō, -ere, -cussī, -cussum strike, strike down, kill 447 ūrēdō, -inis (f.) rust, blight 448 orior, -īrī, ortus sum arise 449 stipula, -ae (f.) stalk 450 *prior, prius (gen. prioris) earlier 451 pulchritūdō, -inis (f.) beauty 452 conjector, -ōris (m.) interpreter 453 nēmō, nēminis (m./f.) no one 454 ēdisserō, -ere, -uī, -sertum explain 426 427

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(25) Respondit455 Joseph, “Somnium regis unum est. Quae facturus est456 Deus ostendit457 Pharaoni. (26) Septem boves pulchrae et septem spicae plenae458 septem ubertatis459 anni460 sunt; eandemque461 vim462 somnii comprehenderunt.463 (27) Septem quoque boves tenues464 atque465 macilentae466 quae ascenderunt467 post eas et septem spicae tenues et vento468 urente469 percussae470 septem anni sunt venturae471 famis472 (28) qui hoc ordine473 complebuntur.474 (29) “Ecce! Septem anni venient fertilitatis475 magnae in universa terra Aegypti (30) quos sequentur septem anni alii tantae476 sterilitatis477 ut oblivioni478 tradatur cuncta retro479 abundantia.480 respondeō, -ēre, -spondī, -sponsum reply Quae facturus est: what he is about to do. This construction, the future active periphrastic, very commonly occurs in the Vulgate in place of the regular future. 457 ostendō, -ere, ostendī, ostensum (ostentum) show 458 *plēnus, -a, -um (+ gen. or abl.) full, full of, plentiful 459 ūbertās, -ātis (f.) richness, plenty 460 *annus, -ī (m.) year 461 īdem, eadem, idem the same person/thing; eandemque … comprehenderunt: “and both contained the same meaning of the dream” (DR). 462 vīs, vī (dat. and abl. sing.), vim (acc. sing.); vīrēs, vīrium (pl.) (f.) power 463 comprehendō, -ere, -hendī, -hensum understand, take, include 464 *tenuis, -e slender, thin 465 atque (conj.) and 466 macilentus, -a, -um thin, lean 467 ascendō, -ere, ascendī, ascensum ascend, climb 468 ventus, -ī (m.) wind 469 ūrō, -ere, ussī, ustum burn; vento urente: with burning wind, wind burnt 470 *percutiō, -ere, -cussī, -cussum strike, strike down, kill 471 sunt venturae: are going to come, will come (future active periphrastic) 472 fames, famis (f.) famine 473 ordō, ordinis (m.) order 474 compleō, -ēre, -plēvī, -plētum complete, finish 475 fertilitās, -ātis (f.) fertility 476 tantus, -a, -um so much, so great, such 477 sterilitās, -ātis (f.) sterility, barrenness 478 oblīviō, -ōnis (f.) oblivion, forgetfulness; ut … abundantia: so that all the earlier abundance is forgotten (result clause) 455 456

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Consumptura est481 enim fames482 omnem terram, (31) et ubertatis483 magnitudinem484 perditura485 inopiae486 magnitudo. (32) Quod487 autem vidisti secundo488 ad eandem489 rem490 pertinens491 somnium firmitatis492 indicium493 est eo quod494 fiat sermo495 Dei et velocius496 impleatur.497 (33) “Nunc498 ergo provideat499 rex virum sapientem500 et industrium,501 et praeficiat502 eum terrae Aegypti (34) qui constituat503 praepositos504 per505 cunctas regiones506 et quintam507 retrō (adv.) backwards, earlier abundantia, -ae (f.) abundance 481 consūmo, -ere, -sumpsī, -sumptum consume 482 famēs, famis (f.) famine 483 ūbertās, -ātis (f.) richness, plenty 484 magnitūdō, -inis (f.) magnitude, greatness 485 perdō, -ere, -didī, -ditum destroy; perditura [est]: will destroy 486 inopia, -ae (f.) want, poverty 487 Quod … somnium: moreover, the fact that (Quod) you saw for a second time a dream pertaining to the same thing 488 secundō (adv.) a second time 489 *īdem, eadem, idem the same person/thing 490 rēs, rēī (f.) thing 491 pertineō, -ēre, -uī pertain 492 firmitās, -ātis (f.) firmness, certainty 493 indicium, -iī (n.) sign 494 eo quod: the fact that, that; eo … impleatur: that the word of God will come about and will be accomplished very quickly. eo quod introduces a noun clause with two subjunctive verbs (P&W 134). 495 sermo, -ōnis (m.) conversation, story, word 496 vēlox, -ōcis quick; velocius: very quickly (comparative adverb) 497 impleō, -ēre, -plēvī, -plētum fill, fill up, accomplish 498 nunc (adv.) now 499 prōvideō, -ēre, -vīdī, -vīsum provide 500 sapiens, sapientis wise, knowing; wise man (m. as subst.) 501 industrius, -a, -um industrious 502 praeficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectum set someone (acc.) over something (dat.) 503 constituō, -ere, -uī, -ūtum decide, appoint; qui constituat: who would appoint (relative clause of purpose; so also et … congregat below) 504 praepositus, -ī (m.) overseer 505 per (prep. + acc.) through, throughout 506 regiō, -ōnis (f.) region 507 quintus, -a, -um fifth 479 480

GENESIS

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partem508 fructuum509 per septem annos fertilitatis510 (35) qui511 jam nunc512 futuri sunt congreget513 in horrea.514 Et omne frumentum515 sub Pharaonis potestate516 condatur517 serveturque518 in urbibus.519 (36) Et praeparetur520 futurae521 septem annorum fami522 quae oppressura523 est Aegyptum, et non consumetur524 terra inopia.”525 (37) Placuit526 Pharaoni consilium527 et cunctis ministris528 ejus. (38) Locutusque est529 ad eos, “Num530 invenire poterimus talem531 virum qui spiritu532 Dei plenus sit?” (39) Dixit ergo ad Joseph, “Quia533 ostendit534 tibi Deus omnia quae locutus es,535 numquid536 sapientiorem537 et consimilem538 tui pars, partis (f.) part *fructus, -ūs (m.) fruit 510 fertilitās, -ātis (f.) fertility 511 qui: annos is the antecedent. 512 nunc (adv.) now; jam nunc futuri sunt: even now are going to occur. futuri is the future active participle of sum. 513 congregō (1) gather together, congregate 514 horreum, -ī (n.) store chamber, barn 515 frūmentum, -ī (n.) grain 516 potestās, -ātis (f.) power 517 condō, -ere, -didī, -dītum set, establish, place; et … condatur: and let all the grain be put under the authority of Pharaoh. 518 servō (1) save, preserve 519 urbs, urbis (f.) city 520 praeparō (1) prepare 521 futūrus, -a, -um future 522 *famēs, famis (f.) famine 523 opprimō, -ere, oppressī, oppressum oppress 524 consūmō, -ere, -sumpsī, -sumptum consume 525 inopia, -ae (f.) want, poverty; inopia is an abl. of means. 526 placeō, -ēre, -uī, -itum please 527 consilium, -iī (n.) plan, advice, counsel 528 minister, -trī (m.) minister, advisor 529 loquor, loquī, locūtus sum say, speak 530 num (adv.) surely not (introduces a questions expecting a “no” answer) 531 tālis, -e such 532 spīritus, -ūs (m.) breath, spirit; qui … sit: who is filled with the spirit of God (relative clause of characteristic) 533 quia (conj.) because, that 534 *ostendō, -ere, ostendī, ostensum (ostentum) show 535 loquor, loquī, locūtus sum say, speak 508 509

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invenire potero? (40) Tu eris super domum meam, et ad tui oris imperium cunctus populus539 obediet,540 uno tantum541 regni542 solio543 te praecedam.”544 (41) Dixitque rursus545 Pharao ad Joseph, “Ecce! Constitui546 te super universam terram Aegypti.” (42) Tulitque anulum547 de manu sua et dedit548 eum in manu ejus, vestivitque549 eum stola550 bysinna551 et collo552 torquem553 auream554 circumposuit555 (43) Fecitque eum ascendere556 super currum557 suum secundum,558 clamante559 praecone560 ut561 omnes coram562 eo

numquid (adv.) (an interrogative word) *sapiens, -entis wise, knowing; wise man (m. as subst.); sapientiorem … tui: [a person] more wise [than you] and similar to you 538 consimilis, -e (+ gen. or dat.) similar, like 539 populus, -ī (m.) people 540 obediō (oboediō), -īre, -īvī, -ītum obey 541 tantum (adv.) only 542 regnum, -ī (n.) kingdom 543 solium, -iī (n.) throne 544 praecedō, -ere, -cessī, -cessum precede; uno … praecedam: and only with regard to the throne of the kingdom will I precede you. (solio is an abl. of specification.) 545 rursum or rursus (adv.) again 546 constituō, -ere, -uī, -ūtum decide, appoint 547 ānulus (annulus), -ī (m.) ring 548 dō, dare, dedī, datum give 549 vestiō, -īre clothe, put on 550 stola, -ae (f.) cloak 551 bysinnus, -a, -um of linen 552 collum, -ī (n.) neck 553 torquēs (torquis), torquis (m./f.) necklace, collar 554 aureus, -a, -um golden 555 circumpōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positum put something (acc.) around someone/thing (dat.) 556 *ascendō, -ere, ascendī, ascensum ascend, climb 557 currus, -ūs (m.) chariot 558 secundus, -a, -um second 559 clāmō (1) shout 560 praecō, -ōnis (m.) herald 561 ut … Aegypti: that all bow down before him and know that he has been set over the whole land of Egypt. This clause is dependent on clamante and should be taken as a jussive noun clause. 562 cōram (prep. + abl.) in the presence of, in the sight of 536 537

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genuflecterent563 et praepositum564 esse scirent565 universae terrae Aegypti.

genuflectō, -ere, -flexī, -flectum bend the knee, bow praepōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positum place someone (acc.) over someone/thing (dat.) 565 sciō, -īre, sciī (scīvī), scītum know 563 564

EXODUS

I. THE STORY OF MOSES (EXODUS 1:8-3:5) (1:8) Surrexit1 interea2 rex novus3 super Aegyptum qui ignorabat4 Joseph. (9) Et ait ad populum5 suum, “Ecce! Populus filiorum Israel6 multus et fortior7 nobis est. (10) Venite, sapienter8 opprimamus9 eum ne10 forte11 multiplicetur et, si ingruerit12 contra13 nos bellum,14 addatur15 inimicis16 nostris expugnatisque17 nobis egrediatur18 de terra.” (11) Praeposuit itaque eis magistros19 operum ut affligerent20 eos oneribus.21 Aedificaveruntque22 urbes tabernaculorum23 surgō, -ere, surrexī, surrectum rise up intereā (adv.) meanwhile 3 novus, -a, -um new 4 ignōrō (1) be ignorant of 5 populus, -ī (m.) people 6 Israel, Israelis (often undeclined) (m.) Israel; here Israel is genitive. 7 fortis, -e brave, strong 8 sapienter (adv.) wisely, craftily 9 opprimō, -ere, -pressī, -pressum oppress, crush; opprimamus: let us oppress (hortatory subjunctive). eum refers to populus. 10 ne goes with multiplicetur, addatur, and egrediatur in negative purpose clauses. 11 fortē (adv.) by chance, perhaps 12 ingruō, -ere, ingruī attack, fall upon, fight 13 contrā (prep. + acc.) against, in the face of, towards, before 14 bellum, -ī (n.) war 15 addō, -ere, -didī, -ditum add 16 inimīcus, -a, -um hostile; enemy (m. as subst.) 17 expugnō (1) overthrow 18 ēgredior, -ī, ēgressus sum depart, come forth 19 *magister, -trī (m.) master, chief, overseer 20 afflīgō, -ere, -flixī, -flictum afflict 1 2

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Pharaoni, Phithom24 et Ramesses.25 (12) Quantoque26 opprimebant27 eos tanto magis multiplicabantur et crescebant.28 (13) Oderantque29 filios30 Israel Aegyptii et affligebant31 illudentes32 eis. (14) Atque33 ad amaritudinem34 perducebant35 vitam36 eorum operibus duris37 luti38 et lateris39 omnique famulatu40 quo in terrae operibus premebantur.41 (15) Dixit autem rex Aegypti obstetricibus42 Hebraeorum, quarum una vocabatur Sephora,43 altera Phua,44 (16) praecipiens45 eis, “Quando46 obstetricabitis47 Hebraeas et partus48 tempus49 onus, oneris (n.) burden aedificō (1) build 23 tabernāculum, -ī (n.) tent; urbes tabernaculorum: cities of tents (i.e., storage cities) 24 Phithom (Phittom) (f.) Phithom or Pithom 25 Ramesses (f.) Ramesses or Rameses 26 quantōque … tantō magis: and the more … the more … (lit., and by how much … by so much more…) 27 opprimō, -ere, -pressī, -pressum oppress, crush 28 *crescō, -ere, crēvī, crētum increase, grow 29 ōdī, -isse hate (perfect as present) 30 fīlius, -iī (m.) son 31 afflīgō, -ere, -flixī, -flictum afflict 32 *illūdō, -ere, -lūsī, -lūsum (+ dat.) mock, trick, make a fool of 33 *atque (conj.) and 34 amāritūdō, -īnis (f.) bitterness 35 perdūcō, -ere, -duxī, -ductum lead to, bring, lead 36 vīta, -ae (f.) life 37 dūrus, -a, -um harsh 38 lutum, -ī (n.) dirt, clay, mud brick 39 later, -eris (m.) brick 40 famulātus, -ūs (m.) service, servitude 41 premō, -ere, pressī, pressum oppress; omnique … premebantur: and with every kind of service with which they were oppressed in their works of the earth 42 obstetrix, -īcis (f.) midwife 43 Sephora (f.) Sephora or Shiphrah 44 Phua (f.) Phua or Puah 45 praecipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum order 46 quandō (adv.) when 47 obstetrīcō (1) act as midwife 48 partus, -ūs (m.) childbirth 49 tempus, temporis (n.) time, season 21 22

EXODUS

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advenerit,50 si masculus51 fuerit, interficite52 eum. Si femina,53 reservate.”54 (17) Timuerunt55 autem obstetrices56 Deum, et non fecerunt juxta praeceptum57 regis Aegypti, sed conservabant58 mares.59 (18) Quibus ad se accersitis60 rex ait, “Quidnam61 est hoc quod facere voluistis62 ut pueros servaretis?”63 (19) Quae responderunt,64 “Non sunt Hebraeae sicut Aegyptiae mulieres;65 ipsae enim obstetricandi66 habent scientiam.67 Et priusquam68 veniamus ad eas, pariunt.”69 (20) Bene70 ergo fecit Deus obstetricibus, et crevit populus,71

adveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventum arrive masculus, -ī (m.) man 52 interficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectum kill 53 fēmina (foemina), -ae (f.) woman 54 reservō (1) save 55 timeō, -ēre, -uī fear 56 obstetrix, -īcis (f.) midwife 57 praeceptum, -ī (n.) order 58 conservō (1) preserve, save 59 mās, maris (m.) man 60 accersō, -ere, -īvī, -ītum summon; Quibus … accersitis: and to them [having been] summoned to him. Quibus is a connective relative pronoun (A&G 308f). 61 quisnam, quidnam who, what (strengthened form of quis, quid) 62 volō, velle, voluī wish, want, like, love 63 servō (1) save, preserve; ut pueros servaretis: that you save the boys (a noun clause in opposition to hoc; see P&W 134). 64 *respondeō, -ēre, -spondī, -sponsum reply 65 *mulier, -eris (f.) woman, wife 66 obstetrīcō (1) act as midwife; obstetricandi: of acting as a midwife (a gerund) 67 scientia, -ae (f.) knowledge 68 priusquam (conj.) before; et priusquam veniamus: and before we can come (subjunctive with priusquam to suggest purpose or intent, A&G 551b) 69 pariō, -ere, peperī, partum give birth, bear a child 70 bene (adv.) well; take Bene and fecit together as blessed. 71 *populus, -ī (m.) people 50 51

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confortatus est72 nimis. (21) Et quia73 timuerant74 obstetrices Deum, aedificavit75 eis domos. (22) Praecepit76 autem Pharao omni populo suo dicens, “Quidquid77 masculini78 sexus79 natum fuerit80 in flumen81 projicite,82 quidquid feminini83 reservate.”84 (2:1) Egressus est85 post haec vir de domo Levi,86 et accepit87 uxorem stirpis88 suae. (2) Quae concepit89 et peperit90 filium,91 et videns eum elegantem,92 abscondit93 tribus mensibus.94 (3) Cumque jam95 celare96 non posset, sumpsit97 fiscellam98 scirpeam,99 et

confortō (1) grow strong, become very strong quia (conj.) because, that 74 timeō, -ēre, -uī fear, be afraid, honor 75 aedificō (1) build; aedificavit illis domus: built up houses for them (i.e., gave them children of their own) 76 praecipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum order 77 *quisquis, quaequae, quidquid whoever, whatever; anyone/thing 78 masculīnus, -a, -um male 79 sexus, -ūs (m.) sex, gender 80 nascor, nascī, nātus sum be born; natus fuerit = natus erit 81 *flūmen, -inis (n.) river 82 projiciō, -ere, -jēcī, -jectum throw, cast forth 83 fēminīnus (foeminīnus), -a, -um female 84 reservō (1) save 85 *ēgredior, -ī, ēgressus sum depart, come forth 86 Levi (m.) Levi (the priestly tribe) 87 accipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum take, receive 88 stirps, stirpis (f.) stock, family 89 concipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum conceive 90 pariō, -ere, peperī, partum give birth, bear a child 91 fīlius, -iī (m.) son 92 ēlegans, -antis elegant, handsome; videns eum elegantem: finding him handsome 93 abscondō, -ere, -condī, -conditum hide 94 mensis, mensis (m.) month; tribus mensibus: for three months. In Classical Latin the accusative would have been used to express duration of time (P&W 115). 95 jam (adv.) now 96 cēlō (1) hide 97 sūmō, -ere, sumpsī, sumptum take up 98 fiscella, -ae (f.) basket 99 scirpeus, -a, -um made of bulrushes, wicker 72 73

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linivit100 eam bitumine101 ac pice,102 posuitque intus103 infantulum,104 et exposuitque105 eum in carecto106 ripae fluminis, (4) stante procul107 sorore108 eius et considerante109 eventum110 rei.111 (5) Ecce! autem descendebat112 filia113 Pharaonis ut lavaretur114 in flumine, et puellae115 ejus gradiebantur116 per crepidinem117 alvei,118 quae, cum vidisset fiscellam119 in papyrione,120 misit unam e famulabus121 suis, et allatam122 (6) aperiens123 cernensque124 in ea parvulum125 vagientem,126 miserta127 ejus ait, “De infantibus128 Hebraeorum est hic.” (7) Cui soror129 pueri, “Vis”130 inquit “ut liniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītum smear bitūmen, -inis (n.) mud 102 pix, pīcis (f.) pitch 103 intus (adv.) within 104 infantulus, -ī (m.) baby boy 105 expōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positum put out 106 cārectum, -ī (n.) bed of sedge grass 107 procul (adv.) at a distance; stante … rei: with his sister standing at a distance and looking at the outcome of the situation 108 soror, -ōris (f.) sister 109 consīderō (1) look upon, consider 110 ēventus, -ūs (m.) outcome 111 *rēs, rēī (f.) thing 112 dēscendō, -ere, -scendī, -scensum descend, come down 113 fīlia, -ae (f.) daughter 114 lavō, -āre, lāvī, lautum (lotum) bathe, wash 115 puella, -ae (f.) girl, slave girl, serving girl 116 gradior, gradī, gressus sum step out 117 crēpīdō, -inis (f.) brink, edge 118 alveus, -ī (m.) channel (of a river) 119 fiscella, -ae (f.) basket 120 papyriō, -ōnis (f.) papyrus marsh 121 famula, -ae (f.) maid servant; famulabus is the feminine form of the abl., as opposed to famulis, the masculine form. 122 *afferō, afferre, attulī, allātum bring 123 aperiō, -īre, -uī, apertum open; allatam [fiscellam] aperiens: and opening the basket brought to her 124 cernō, -ere, crēvī, crētum see 125 parvulus, -a, -um small, little, lowly; infant (m./f. as subst.) 126 vāgiō, -īre, -īvī (-iī) cry 127 misereor, -ērī, misertus (miseritus) sum (+ gen.) pity 128 infans, infantis (m./f.) infant 129 soror, -ōris (f.) sister 100 101

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vadam131 et vocem tibi mulierem Hebraeam quae nutrire132 possit infantulum?”133 (8) Respondit, “Vade.”134 Perrexit135 puella136 et vocavit matrem137 suam. (9) Ad quam locuta138 filia139 Pharaonis, “Accipe”140 ait “puerum141 istum, et nutri142 mihi; ego dabo tibi mercedem143 tuam.” Suscepit144 mulier et nutrivit puerum, adultumque145 tradidit filiae146 Pharaonis. (10) Quem illa adoptavit147 in locum148 filii, et vocavit nomen149 ejus Moyses150 dicens, “Quia151 de aqua tuli eum.” (11) In diebus illis postquam152 creverat Moyses, egressus est ad fratres153 suos, viditque afflictionem154 eorum et virum Aegyptium percutientem quendam155 de Hebraeis fratribus suis. (12) Cumque circumspexisset156 huc157 atque illuc158 et nullum159 volō, velle, voluī wish, want, like, love vādō, -ere, vāsī go; ut vadam: that I go (jussive noun clause) 132 nūtriō (or nūtrior, etc.), -īre nurse 133 infantulus, -ī (m.) baby boy 134 vādō, -ere, vāsī go 135 pergō, -ere, perrexī, perrectum proceed, go 136 puella, -ae (f.) girl, slave girl, serving girl 137 māter, matris (f.) mother 138 *loquor, loquī, locūtus sum say, speak 139 fīlia, -ae (f.) daughter 140 accipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum take, receive 141 puer, puerī (m.) boy, slave 142 nutriō (or nutrior, etc.), -īre nurse 143 mercēs, -ēdis (f.) wage 144 suscipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum undertake, receive 145 adultus, -a, -um adult 146 *fīlia, -ae (f.) daughter 147 adoptō (1) adopt 148 *locus, -ī (m.) or loca, -ōrum (n. pl.) place 149 nōmen, -inis (n.) name 150 Moysēs (Mōsēs), -is or -ī, Moysī (dat.), Moysēn (acc.) (m.) Moses; the name Moses is similar to the Hebrew word for “drawing water.” 151 *quia (conj.) because, that 152 postquam (conj.) after 153 frāter, fratris (m.) brother 154 afflictiō, -ōnis (f.) affliction 155 quīdam, quaedam, quoddam (quiddam) a certain person/thing 156 circumspiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectum look around 130 131

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adesse160 vidisset, percussum Aegyptium abscondit161 sabulo.162 (13) Et egressus die altero conspexit163 duos164 Hebraeos rixantes,165 dixitque ei qui faciebat injuriam,166 “Quare167 percutis proximum168 tuum?” (14) Qui respondit, “Quis te constituit169 principem et judicem170 super nos? Num171 occidere172 me tu vis173 sicut174 heri175 occidisti Aegyptium?” Timuit176 Moyses, et ait, “Quomodo177 palam178 factum179 est verbum istud?”180 (15) Audivitque Pharao sermonem181 hunc, et quaerebat182 occidere183 Moysen, qui fugiens de conspectu184 ejus moratus est185 in terra Madian186 et sedit juxta puteum.187 (16) Erant autem hūc (adv.) here, hither illūc (adv.) there, thither 159 nullus, -a, -um no, none; no one (m. as subst.) 160 adsum, adesse, adfuī be present 161 abscondō, -ere, -condī, -conditum hide 162 sabulum, -ī (n.) sand 163 conspiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectum see, look at 164 duo, duae, duo two 165 rixor (1) quarrel 166 injūria, -ae (f.) injury, harm 167 quārē (adv.) why 168 proximus, -a, -um nearby; neighbor (m. as subst.) 169 *constituō, -ere, -uī, -ūtum decide, appoint 170 jūdex, jūdicis (m.) judge 171 num (adv.) surely not (introduces a questions expecting a “no” answer) 172 occīdō, -ere, occīdī, occīsum kill 173 *volō, velle, voluī wish, want, like, love 174 sīcut (conj.) just as, as, like 175 herī (adv.) yesterday 176 *timeō, -ēre, -uī fear, be afraid, honor 177 quōmodo (adv.) how 178 palam (adv.) out in the open 179 factum, -i (n.) deed 180 iste, ista, istud that person/thing; Quomodo … istud?: how has that story become out in the open? 181 sermō, -ōnis (m.) conversation, story, word 182 quaerō, -ere, quaesīvī (quaesiī), -sītum seek 183 occidō, -ere, occidī, occīsum kill 184 conspectus, -ūs (m.) sight 185 moror (1) delay, stay 186 Madian Madian or Midian (area to the east of the Red Sea) 157 158

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sacerdoti188 Madian septem filiae quae venerunt ad hauriendam189 aquam, et impletis190 canalibus,191 adaquare192 cupiebant193 greges194 patris195 sui. Supervenere196 pastores197 et ejecerunt198 eas, surrexitque199 Moyses et defensis200 puellis adaquavit201 oves202 earum. (18) Quae cum revertissent203 ad Raguel,204 patrem205 suam, dixit ad eas, “Cur velocius206 venistis solito?”207 (19) Responderunt, “Vir Aegyptius liberavit208 nos de manu pastorum,209 insuper210 et hausit211 aquam nobiscum potumque212 dedit ovibus.213 (20) At ille,

puteus, puteī (m.) well sacerdōs, -ōtis (m.) priest; Erant … filiae: moreover, the priest of Midian had seven daughters (dative of possession) 189 hauriō, -īre, hausī, haustum draw (water); ad hauriandam aquam: for drawing water, to draw water (a gerundive of purpose) 190 impleō, -ēre, -plēvī, -plētum fill, fill up, accomplish 191 canālis, -is (m.) trough 192 adaquō (1) give water to 193 cupiō, -ere, -īvī (-iī) -ītum desire 194 grex, gregis (m.) flock 195 pater, patris (m.) father 196 superveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventum come upon; supervenere = supervenerunt 197 pastor, -ōris (m.) shepherd 198 ējiciō, -ere, ējēcī, ējectum cast out 199 surgō, -ere, -rexī, -rectum rise up 200 dēfendō, -ere, -fendī, -fensum defend; defensis puellis could be an ablative absolute or a dative of reference. 201 adaquō (1) give water to 202 ovis, ovis (m./f.) sheep 203 revertō ( or revertor, etc.), -ere, -vertī, -versum come back, return 204 Raguel (m.) Raguel or Reuel (Moses’ father-in-law = Jethro) 205 pater, patris (m.) father 206 vēlox, -ōcis swift 207 solitum, -ī (n.) what is usual; Cur velocius venistis solito?: Why have you come more quickly than usual? 208 līberō (1) free 209 pastor, -ōris (m.) shepherd 210 insuper (adv.) moreover 211 hauriō, -īre, hausī, haustum draw (water) 212 pōtus, -ūs (m.) drink 213 ovis, ovis (m./f.) sheep 187 188

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“Ubi est?” inquit,214 “Quare215 dimisistis216 hominem? Vocate eum ut comedat217 panem.”218 (21) Juravit219 ergo Moyses quod habitaret220 cum eo, accepitque221 Sephoram,222 filiam ejus, uxorem, (22) quae peperit223 ei filium quem vocavit Gersam,224 dicens, “Advena225 fui in terra aliena.”226 Alterum227 vero228 peperit, quem vocavit Eliezer,229 dicens, “Deus enim patris230 mei, adjutor231 meus, eripuit232 me de manu Pharaonis.” (23) Post multum vero233 temporis234 mortuus est235 rex Aegypti, et ingemiscentes236 filii Israel propter opera vociferati sunt.237 Ascenditque238 clamor eorum ad Deum ab operibus. (24) Et audivit gemitum239 eorum ac recordatus240 est foederis241 quod inquam says quārē (adv.) why 216 dīmittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missum send away, leave alone 217 comedō, -ere (-esse) , -ēdī, -ēsum (-estum) eat with, eat together 218 pānis, pānis (m.) bread, loaf 219 jūrō (1) swear 220 habitō (1) live; quod habitaret: that he would live 221 *accipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum take, receive 222 Sephora, -ae (f.) Sephora or Zipporah 223 *pariō, -ere, peperī, partum give birth, bear a child 224 Gersa (m.) Gersa or Gershom; Gersa is similar to the Hebrew for “stranger there.” 225 advena, -ae (m./f.) stranger 226 aliēnus, -a, -um belonging to another, other, strange, foreign 227 alter, -era, -erum another 228 vērō (adv.) but, truly 229 Eliezer (m.) Eliezer (Moses’ son); Eliezer means “God the Helper.” 230 *pater, patris (m.) father 231 adjūtor, -ōris (m.) helper 232 ēripiō, -ere, ēripuī, ēreptum break forth, burst forth 233 vērō (adv.) but, truly 234 *tempus, temporis (n.) time, season; Post multum vero temporis: but after much [of] time. temporis is a partitive genitive. 235 morior, morī, mortuus sum die 236 ingemescō, -ere, -gemuī groan 237 vōciferor (1) cry out 238 *ascendō, -ere, ascendī, ascensum ascend, climb 239 gemitus, -ūs (m.) groan 214 215

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pepigit242 cum Abraham,243 Isaac,244 et Jacob.245 (25) Et respexit246 Dominus filios Israel et cognovit247 eos. (3:1) Moyses autem pascebat248 oves249 Jethro,250 soceri251 sui, sacerdotis252 Madian. Cumque minasset253 gregem254 ad interiora255 deserti,256 venit ad montem Dei, Horeb.257 (2) Apparuitque258 ei Dominus in flamma259 ignis260 de medio261 rubi,262 et videbat quod rubus arderet263 et non conbureretur.264 (3) Dixit ergo Moyses, “Vadam265 et videbo visionem266 hanc magnam – quare267 non comburatur268 rubus.”269 (4) Cernens270 recordor (1) (+ gen. or dat.) remember foedus, foederis (n.) pact, covenant 242 pangō, -ere, panxī (pepigī), panctum (pactum) sing, compose, establish 243 Abraham (m.) Abraham 244 Isaac (m.) Isaac 245 Jacob (m.) Jacob 246 respiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectum look upon 247 cognoscō, -ere, -nōvī, -nitum know 248 *pascō, -ere, pāvī, pastum feed; graze (passive as refl./mid.) 249 ovis, ovis (m./f.) sheep 250 Jethro (m.) Jethro (Moses’ father-in-law = Raguel); Jethro is genitive here. 251 socer (socerus), socerī (m.) father-in-law 252 sacerdōs, -ōtis (m.) priest 253 minō (1) drive; minasset = minavisset 254 grex, gregis (m.) flock 255 interior, -ius inner, within 256 dēsertum, -ī (n.) desert 257 Horeb Mt. Horeb (a mountain to the west of the Red Sea) 258 appāreō, -ēre, -uī, -itum appear 259 flamma, -ae (f.) flame 260 ignis, ignis (m.) fire 261 medius, -a, -um middle; the middle (n. as subst.) 262 rubus, -ī (m.) bush 263 ardeō, -ēre, arsī, arsum burn 264 combūrō (conburō), -ere, -ussī, -ustum burn up 265 *vādō, -ere, vāsī go 266 vīsiō, -ōnis (f.) sight 267 quārē (adv.) why; quare non comburatur rubus: why the bush is not burned up (an indirect question in apposition to visionem) 268 combūrō, -ere, -ussī, -ustum burn up 269 rubus, -ī (m.) bush 240 241

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autem Dominus quod pergeret271 ad videndum vocavit eum de medio272 rubi273 et ait, “Moyses, Moyses.” Qui respondit, “Adsum.”274 (5) At ille, “Ne appropries”275 inquit “huc. Solve276 calceamentum277 de pedibus278 tuis. Locus enim in quo stas terra sancta279 est.” (6) Et ait, “Ego sum Deus patis tui, Deus Abraham, Deus Isaac, et Deus Jacob.” Abscondit280 Moyses faciem281 suam, non enim audebat282 aspicere283 contra284 Deum. (7) Cui ait Dominus, “Vidi afflictionem285 populi mei in Aegypto, et clamorem286 ejus audivi propter duritiam287 eorum qui praesunt operibus. (8) Et sciens288 dolorem289 ejus, descendi290 ut liberem291 eum de manibus Aegyptiorum, et educam292 de terra illa in terram bonam et spatiosam,293 in terram quae fluit294 lacte295 et melle,296 ad cernō, -ere, crēvī, crētum see pergō, -ere, perrexī, perrectum proceed, go; quod pergeret ad videndum: that he was going to see (indirect statement with a gerund of purpose) 272 *medius, -a, -um middle; the middle (n. as subst.) 273 *rubus, -ī (m.) bush 274 adsum, adesse, adfuī be present 275 appropriō (1) approach; ne appropries is a negative jussive subjunctive. 276 solvō, -ere, solvī, solūtum loosen, untie 277 calceāmentum, -ī (n.) sandal 278 pēs, pedis (m.) foot 279 sanctus, -a, -um holy 280 *abscondō, -ere, -condī, -conditum hide 281 *faciēs, faciēī (f.) face, appearance 282 audeō, -ēre, ausus sum dare 283 aspiciō, -ere, aspexī, aspectum look at 284 contrā (prep. + acc.) against, in the face of, towards, before 285 afflictiō, -ōnis (f.) affliction 286 clāmor, -ōris (m.) shout, cry 287 dūritia, -ae (f.) harshness; duritiam … operibus: the harshness of those who are over their labors 288 sciō, -īre, scīvī (sciī), scītum know 289 dolor, -ōris (m.) pain 290 descendō, -ere, -scendī, -scensum descend 291 līberō (1) free 292 ēdūcō, -ere, ēduxī, ēductum lead out 293 spatiōsus, -a, -um large, spacious 294 fluō, -ere, fluxī, fluctum flow 270 271

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loca Chananaei,297 et Hethaei,298 et Amorrhaei,299 Pherezaei,300 et Hevaei,301 et Jebusaei.302 (9) “Clamor303 ergo filiorum Israel venit ad me, vidique afflictionem304 eorum qua ab Aegyptiis opprimuntur.305 (10) Sed veni et mittam te ad Pharaonem ut educas306 populum meum, filios Israel, de Aegypto.” (11) Dixitque Moyses ad Deum, “Quis307 sum ego ut308 vadam ad Pharaonem et educam filios Israel de Aegypto?” (12) Qui dixit ei, “Ego ero tecum, et hoc habebis signum309 quod miserim te: cum eduxeris populum meum de Aegypto, immolabis310 Deo super montem311 istum.”312 (13) Ait Moyses ad Deum, “Ecce! Ego vadam ad filios Israel, et dicam eis, ‘Deus patrum vestrorum313 misit me ad vos.’ Si dixerint mihi, ‘Quod est nomen314 eius?’ Quid dicam eis?”315 (14) Dixit Deus ad Moysen, “EGO316 SUM QUI SUM,” ait, “Sic dices filiis Israel ‘QUI EST misit me ad vos.’” (15) Dixitque lac, lactis (m.) milk mel, mellis (n.) honey 297 Chananaeus, -ī (m.) a Canaanite 298 Hethaeus, -ī (m.) a Hittite 299 Amorrhaeus, -ī (m.) an Amorite 300 Pherezaeus, -ī (m.) a Perizzite 301 Hevaeus, -ī (m.) a Hivite 302 Jebusaeus, -ī (m.) a Jebusite 303 clāmor, -ōris (m.) shout, cry 304 *afflictiō, -ōnis (f.) affliction 305 *opprimō, -ere, -pressī, -pressum oppress, crush 306 ēdūcō, -ere, ēduxī, ēductum lead out, draw out 307 quis, quid who, what 308 ut vadam … et educam: that I should go to Pharaoh and lead out 309 signum, -ī (n.) sign 310 immolō (1) sacrifice 311 mons, montis (m.) mountain 312 iste, ista, istud that person/thing 313 vester, vestra, vestrum your (pl.) 314 nōmen, -inis (n.) name 315 Quid dicam eis?: what should I say to them ? (deliberative subjunctive) 316 Ego … vos: “I AM WHO AM,” He said, “Thus shalt thou say to the children of Israel: ‘HE WHO IS, hath sent me to you’” (DR). “I AM WHO AM” is the famous name for God, which is usually transliterated into English as Jehovah or Yahweh. 295 296

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iterum317 Deus ad Moysen, “Haec dices filiis Israel: ‘Dominus Deus patrum vestrorum,318 Deus Abraham, Deus Isaac, et Deus Jacob misit me ad vos. Hoc nomen mihi est in aeternum,319 et hoc memoriale320 meum in generationem321 et generationem.’”

II. THE TEN COMMANDMENTS (EXODUS 19:25-20:17) (19:25) Descenditque322 Moyses ad populum et omnia narravit eis. (20:1) “Locutusque est Dominus cunctos sermones323 hos: (2) ‘Ego sum Dominus Deus tuus qui eduxi te de terra Aegypti, de domo servitutis.324 (3) Non habebis deos alienos325 coram326 me. (4) ‘Non facies tibi sculptile327 neque omnem similtudinem328 quae est in caelo desuper329 et quae in terra deorsum330 nec eorum quae sunt in aquis sub terra. (5) Non adorabis331 ea neque coles.332 Ego sum Dominus Deus tuus fortis, zelotes,333 visitans334 iniquitatem335 patrum in filios in tertiam336 et quartam337 generationem338 eorum qui oderunt339 me, (6) et faciens

iterum (adv.) again vester, vestra, vestrum your (pl.) 319 aeternum, -ī (n.) eternity 320 memorialis, -e memorial; a memorial (n. as subst.) 321 generatiō, -ōnis (f.) generation 322 *dēscendō, -ere, -scendī, -scensum descend, come down 323 *sermō, -ōnis (m) conversation, story, word 324 servitūs, -ūtis (f.) servitude 325 aliēnus, -a, -um belonging to another, other, strange, foreign 326 *cōram (prep. + abl.) in the presence of, in the sight of 327 scuptilis, -e sculpted; sculpted image, idol (n. as subst.) 328 simultudō, -inis (f.) likeness 329 dēsuper (adv.) above 330 deorsum (adv.) below 331 adorō (1) adore 332 colō, -ere, -uī, cultum worship 333 zēlōtēs, -ae (m.) jealous person, jealous one 334 vīsitō (1) see, visit; bring on (as a punishment) 335 inīquitās, -ātis (f.) evil 336 tertius, -a, -um third 337 quartus, -a, -um fourth 338 generatiō, -ōnis (f.) generation 339 ōdī, ōdisse hate (perfect as present) 317 318

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misericordiam340 in millia341 his qui diligunt342 me et custodiunt343 praecepta mea. (7) ‘Non assumes344 nomen Domini Dei tui in vanum.345 Nec enim habebit insontem346 Dominus eum qui assumpserit nomen Domini Dei sui frustra.347 (8) ‘Memento348 ut diem sabbati349 sanctifices.350 Sex351 diebus operaberis352 et facies omnia opera tua. (10) Septimo353 autem die sabbatum354 Domini Dei tui est. Non facies omne opus in eo, tu, et filius tuus, et filia tua, servus355 tuus, et ancilla356 tua, jumentum357 tuum et advena358 qui est intra359 portas360 tuas. (11) Sex361 enim diebus fecit Dominus caelum, et terram, et mare, et omnia quae in eis sunt, et requievit362 in die septimo. Idcirco363 benedixit Dominus diei sabbati364 et sanctificavit365 eum. misericordia, -ae (f.) pity; et faciens … mea: and showing mercy to thousands to those who love me and keep my commandments 341 mille, millia (mīlia) thousand 342 dīligō, -ere, -lexī, -lectum love 343 custōdiō, -īre, -īvī, -itum guard, watch over, keep 344 assūmō (adsūmō), -ere, -sumpsī, -sumptum take up, take 345 vanum, -ī (n.) vain, vainness 346 insons, -ontis innocent 347 frustrā (adv.) in vain 348meminī, meminisse remember (perfect as present); memento is an imperative and leads into a jussive noun clause. 349 sabbatum, -ī (n.) Sabbath; dies sabbati: the day of the Sabbath (epexegetical or defining genitive, P&W 113) 350 sanctificō (1) make holy, sanctify 351 sex six 352 operor (1) work 353 *septimus, -a, -um seventh 354 sabbatum, -ī (n.) sabbath 355 *servus, -ī (m.) slave, servant 356 ancilla, -ae (f.) handmaid 357 *jūmentum, -ī (n.) beast, cow 358 advena, -ae (m./f.) stranger 359 intrā (prep. + acc.) within 360 porta, -ae (f.) gate 361 sex six 362 requiescō, -ere, -quiēvī, -quiētum rest 363 idcirco (adv.) therefore 364 *sabbatum, -ī (n.) sabbath 365 *sanctifiō (1) make holy, sancitfy 340

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(12) ‘Honora366 patrem tuum et matrem tuam ut sis longaevus367 super terram quam Dominus Deus tuus dabit tibi. (13) ‘Non occides.368 (14) Non moechaberis.369 (15) Non furtum370 facies. (16) Non loqueris contra proximum371 tuum falsum372 testimonium.373 (17) ‘Non concupisces374 domum proximi375 tui. Nec desiderabis376 uxorem377 ejus, non servum, non ancillam,378 non bovem, non asinum,379 nec omnia quae illius sunt.’”

honōrō (1) honor longaevus, -a, -um long-lived 368 *occidō, -ere, occīdī, occīsum kill 369 moechor (1) commit adultery 370 furtum, -ī (n.) theft; Non furtum facies: you shall not steal 371 proximus, -a, -um nearby; neighbor (m. as subst.) 372 falsus, -a, -um false 373 testimōnium, -iī (n.) testimony, witness 374 concupiō, -ere desire, covet 375 proximus, -a, -um nearby; neighbor (m. as subst.) 376 dēsīderō (1) desire 377 uxor, -ōris (f.) wife 378 ancilla, -ae (f.) maid servant 379 asinus, -ī (m.) ass 366 367

I SAMUEL

DAVID AND GOLIATH (I SAMUEL 17:1-52A) (17:1) Congregantes1 autem Philisthiim2 agmina3 sua in proelium4 convenerunt5 in Socho6 Judae,7 et castrametati sunt8 inter Socho et Azeca9 in finibus10 Dommim.11 (2) Porro12 Saul13 et filii14 Israel congregati venerunt in Vallem15 Terebinthi,16 et direxerunt aciem17 ad pugnandum18 contra19 Philisthiim. (3) Et Philisthiim stabant super montem20 ex parte21 hac, et Israel stabat supra montem ex altera parte, vallisque22 erat inter23 eos.

*congregō (1) gather together, congregate Philisthiim (m. pl.) the Philistines 3 agmen, agminis (n.) battle line, army 4 proelium (praelium), -iī (n.) battle 5 conveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventum come together, meet 6 Socho Socoh or Sochoh (a city in Judah) 7 Juda, -ae (f.) Judah (region west of the Dead Sea) 8 castramētor (1) encamp 9 Azeca Azeca or Azekah (a city in Judah) 10 fīnis, fīnis (m./f.) border, boundary; often “land” in pl. 11 Dommim Ephes Dommim (a region in Judah) 12 porrō (adv.) but, moreover, furthermore 13 Saul (m.) Saul, the first king of Israel 14 filius, -iī (m.) son 15 valles (vallis), vallis (f.) valley; Vallem Terebinthi: the Valley of Terebinth 16 terebinthus, -ī (f.) a terebinth tree 17 aciēs, aciēī (f.) line, eyesight, battle line, army 18 pugnō (1) fight, battle; ad pugnandum: for fighting (ad + gerund to express purpose) 19 *contrā (prep. + acc.) against, in the face of, towards, before 20 *mons, montis (m.) mountain 1 2

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(4) Et egressus est vir spurius24 de castris25 Philisthinorum,26 nomine Goliath27 de Geth,28 altitudinis29 sex30 cubitorum31 et palmi,32 (5) et cassis33 aerea34 super caput35 ejus, et lorica36 squamata37 induebatur.38 Porro39 pondus40 loricae ejus quinque41 millia42 siclorum43 aeris44 erat. (6) Et ocreas45 aereas46 habebat in cruribus,47 et clipeus48 aereus tegebat49 umeros50 ejus. (7) Hastile51 autem hastae52 ejus erat quasi53 liciatorium54 texentium;55 ipsum 21 pars, partis (f.) part, portion; ex parte hac: on this side; ex altera parte: on the other side 22 valles (vallis), vallis (f.) valley 23 inter (prep. + acc.) between, among 24 spurius, -iī (m.) ignoble or base person; bastard 25 castra, -ōrum (n. pl.) camp 26 Philisthīnus, -a, -um Philistine; a Philistine (m. as subst.) 27 Goliath (m.) Goliath 28 Geth Geth or Gath 29 altitūdō, -īnis (f.) height; altitudinis is a genitive of measure. 30 *sex six 31 cubitum, -ī (n.) or cubitus, -ī (m.) cubit (about 1 ½ feet) 32 palmus, -ī (m.) palm; span (breadth of twelve fingers) 33 cassis, cassidis (f.) helmet; understand erat. 34 aereus, -a, -um bronze 35 caput, capitis (n.) head 36 lōrīca, -ae (f.) breastplate 37 squāmātus, -a, -um with scales, scaly 38 induō, -ere, -uī, -ūtum clothe, put on; wear (passive as refl./mid., w. abl. of means) 39 porrō (adv.) but, moreover, furthermore 40 pondus, ponderis (n.) weight 41 quinque five 42 mille, millia (mīlia) thousand 43 siclus, -ī (m.) shekel (a coin) 44 aes, aeris (n.) bronze; aeris is a genitive of material. 45 ocrea, -ae (f.) greaves, shin armor 46 aereus, -a, -um bronze 47 crūs, crūris (n.) leg 48 clipeus (clypeus), -ī (m.) shield 49 tegō, -ere, texī, tectum cover 50 umerus, -ī (m.) shoulder 51 hastīle, -is (n.) shaft 52 hasta, -ae (f.) spear 53 quasi (conj. or adv.) as if, like, about, approximately 54 līciātōrium, -iī (n.) beam

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autem ferrum56 hastae ejus sexcentos57 siclos58 habebat ferri. Et armiger59 ejus antecedebat60 eum. (8) Stansque clamabat61 adversum62 phalangas63 Israel, et dicebat eis, “Quare64 venistis parati65 ad proelium.66 Numquid67 ego non sum Philisthaeus68 et vos servi Saul? Eligite69 ex vobis virum, et descendat ad singulare70 certamen.71 (9) Si quiverit72 pugnare73 mecum et percusserit me, erimus vobis servi. Si autem ego praevaluero74 et percussero eum, vos servi eritis et servietis75 nobis.” (10) Et aiebat Philisthaeus, “Ego exprobravi76 agminibus77 Israel hodie.78 Date79 mihi virum, et ineat80 mecum singulare81

texō, -ere, texuī, textum weave; texentium: of weavers ferrum, -ī (n.) iron, iron tip 57 sexcentī, -ae, -a six hundred 58 siclus, -ī (m.) shekel (a coin) 59 armiger, -era, -erum armor bearing; armor bearer (m. as subst.) 60 antecēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessum go before 61 *clāmō (1) shout 62 *adversum or adversus (adv. or prep. + acc.) against, in front of 63 phalanga, -ae (f.) band, phalanx, battle line 64 *quārē (adv.) why 65 parō (1) prepare 66 proelium (praelium), -iī (n.) battle; ad proelium: for battle 67 numquid (adv.) (an interrogative word) 68 Philisthaeus, -ī (m.) a Philistine 69 ēligō, -ere, ēlēgī, ēlectum choose 70 singulāris, -e single 71 certāmen, -inis contest 72 queō, quīre, quīvī (quiī) be able, can 73 pugnō (1) fight, battle 74 praevaleō, -ēre, -uī prevail 75 serviō, -īre, -īvī (-iī), -itum (+ dat.) serve 76 exprobrō (1) (+ dat.) insult, reproach, mock, defy 77 agmen, agminis (n.) battle line, army 78 hodiē (adv.) today 79 dō, dare, dedī, datum give 80 ineō, -īre, -ivī (-iī) go into, enter 81 singulāris, -e single 55 56

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certamen.”82 Audiens autem Saul et omnes viri Israelitae83 sermones Philisthaei hujuscemodi84 stupebant85 et metuebant86 nimis. (12) David autem erat filius viri Ephrathaei,87 de quo supra88 dictum est, de Bethlehem89 Juda, cui erat nomen Isai,90 qui habebat octo91 filios. Et erat vir in diebus Saul senex92 et grandaevus93 inter94 viros. (13) Abierunt95 autem tres96 filii ejus majores97 post Saul in proelium.98 Et nomina trium filiorum ejus qui perrexerunt99 ad bellum100 Eliab,101 primogenitus,102 et secundus,103 Abinadab,104 tertiusque,105 Samma.106 (14) David autem erat minimus.107 Tribus ergo majoribus secutis Saulem, abiit108 David et reversus est109 a Saul ut pasceret

certāmen, -inis contest Isrāēlītae, -ārum (m. pl.) Israelites 84 hujusmodī or hūjuscemodī of such a kind; sermones Philisthaei hujuscemodi: words of such a kind of the Philistine, such words of the Philistine 85 stupeō, -ēre, -uī be amazed 86 metuō, -ere, metuī, metūtum be afraid 87 Ephrathaeus, -a, -um Ephrathite, from Ephrathah 88 suprā (adv.) above; see I Samuel 16 for the story of the anointing of David. 89 Bethlehem (n.) Bethlehem 90 Isai (m.) Jesse (David’s father) 91 octō eight 92 senex, senis (m.) old man 93 grandaevus, -a, -um old 94 inter (prep. + acc.) between, among 95 abeō, -īre, -iī (-īvī) go away 96 trēs, tria three 97 major, majus larger, older, greater (comparative of magnus) 98 *proelium (praelium), -iī (n.) battle 99 pergō, -ere, perrexī, perrectum proceed, go 100 bellum , -ī (n.) war 101 Eliab (m.) Eliab 102 primogenitus, -a, -um firstborn 103 *secundus, -a, -um second 104 Abinadab (m.) Abinadab 105 *tertius, -a, -um third 106 Samma (m.) Samma or Shammah 107 minimus, -a, -um smallest, youngest (superlative of parvus) 108 abeō, -īre, -iī (-īvī) go away 82 83

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gregem110 patris sui in Bethlehem. (16) Procedebat111 vero112 Philisthaeus mane et vespere, et stabat quadraginta113 diebus. (17) Dixit autem Isai ad David, filium suum, “Accipe fratribus114 tuis ephi115 polentae116 et decem117 panes118 istos, et curre119 in castra120 ad fratres tuos. (18) Et decem121 formellas122 casei123 has deferes124 ad tribunum,125 et fratres126 tuos visitabis127 si recte agant, et cum quibus ordinati sint128 disce.” (19) Saul autem, et illi, et omnes filii Israel, in Valle129 Terebinthi130 pugnabant131 adversum132 Philisthiim. (20) Surrexit133 itaque David mane, et commendavit134 gregem custodi,135 et 109

return

revertō (or revertor, etc.), -ere, -vertī, reversum come back,

*grex, gregis (m.) flock prōcēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessum proceed 112 *vērō (adv.) but, truly 113 quādragintā forty; stabat quadraginta diebus: and he stood out for forty days (abl. to express duration of time, instead of the acc. case, as in Classical Latin, P&W 115) 114 frāter, fratris (m.) brother 115 ephi (n. indecl.) an ephah (about a bushel) 116 polenta, -ae (f.) peeled barley 117 decem ten 118 *pānis, pānis (m.) bread, loaf 119 currō, -ere, cucurrī run 120 castra, -ōrum (n. pl.) camp 121 decem ten 122 formella, -ae (f.) cheese, piece of cheese 123 cāseum, -ī (n.) cheese 124 dēferō, -ferre, -tūlī, -lātum offer, bring 125 tribūnus, -ī (m.) tribune, captain 126 *frāter, frātris (m.) brother; et fratres … agant: and you will see your brothers, if they are doing well (fratres is a proleptic acc.; see A&G 576.) 127 vīsitō (1) see, visit; bring on (as a punishment) 128 ordinō (1) set in order, station. Why is ordinati sint subjunctive? 129 *valles (vallis), vallis (f.) valley 130 terebinthus, -ī (f.) a terebinth tree 131 *pugnō (1) fight, do battle 132 adversum or adversus (adv. or prep. + acc.) against, in front of, in the presence of 133 *surgō, -ere, -rexī, -rectum rise up 134 commendō (1) entrust, hand over 135 custōs, -ōdis (m.) guard, keeper 110 111

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onustus136 abiit,137 sicut138 praeceperat139 ei Isai. Et venit ad locum Magala,140 et ad exercitum141 qui egressus ad pugnam142 vociferatus erat143 in certamine.144 (21) Direxerat145 enim aciem146 Israel, sed et Philisthiim ex adverso147 fuerant praeparati.148 (22) Derelinquens149 ergo David vasa150 quae attulerat sub manu custodis151 ad sarcinas152 cucurrit153 ad locum certaminis, et interrogabat154 si omnia recte agerentur erga155 fratres suos. (23) Cumque adhuc156 ille loqueretur eis, apparuit157 vir ille spurius158 ascendens, Goliath nomine, Philisthaeus de Geth, de castris Philisthinorum. Et loquente eo haec eadem verba audivit David. (24) Omnes autem Israelitae, cum vidissent virum, fugerunt a facie ejus, timentes eum valde.159 (25) Et dixit unus quispiam160 de Israel, “Num161 vidistis virum hunc qui ascendit? Ad onustus, -a, -um loaded, burdened *abeō, -īre, -iī (-īvī) go away 138 sīcut (conj.) just as, as, like 139 praecipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum order 140 Magala Magala (a place in Canaan) 141 exercitus, -ūs (m.) army 142 pugna, -ae (f.) fight, battle 143 vōciferor (1) cry out 144 certāmen, -inis (n.) contest 145 dīrigō, -ere, -rexī, -rectum direct, command 146 aciēs, aciēī (f.) line, eyesight, battle line, army 147 adversum, -ī (n.) adversity; the opposite; ex adverso: against 148 praeparātus, -a, -um prepared 149 dērelinquō, -ere, -līquī, -lictum leave behind 150 vāsa, -ōrum (n. pl.) vessels 151 custōs, custōdis (m.) guard, keeper 152 sarcina, -ae (f.) baggage 153 currō, -ere, cucurrī, cursum run 154 interrogō (1) ask 155 ergā (prep. + acc.) towards, with regard to; si omnia … suos: if all was going well with his brothers 156 adhūc (adv.) still 157 *appareō, -ēre, -uī, -itum appear 158 spurius, -iī (m.) ignoble or base person; bastard 159 *valdē (adv.) very, greatly 160 quispiam, quaepiam, quodpiam (quidpiam, quippiam) anyone/thing, someone/thing 161 *num (adv.) surely not (introduces a question expecting a “no” answer 136 137

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exprobrandum162 enim Israeli ascendit. Virum ergo qui percusserit eum ditabit163 rex divitiis164 magnis, et filiam suam dabit ei, et domum patris ejus faciet absque tributo165 in Israel.” (26) Et ait David ad viros qui stabant secum dicens, “Quid dabitur viro qui percusserit Philisthaeum hunc et tulerit opprobrium166 de Israel? Quis enim est hic Philisthaeus incircumcisus167 qui exprobravit168 acies169 Dei viventis?” (27) Referebat170 autem ei populus eundem sermonem dicens, “Haec dabuntur viro qui percusserit eum.” (28) Quod cum audisset Eliab, frater ejus major,171 loquente eo cum aliis iratus172 est contra David et ait, “Quare venisti, et quare derelinquisti173 pauculas174 oves illas in deserto?175 Ego novi superbiam176 tuam et nequitiam177 cordis178 tui quia ut videres proelium descendisti.” (29) Et dixit David, “Quid feci? Numquid179 non verbum est?” (30) Et declinavit180 paululum181 ab eo ad alium, dixitque eundem sermonem. Et respondit ei populus verbum sicut prius.182 (31) Audita sunt autem verba quae locutus est David, et annuntiata183 in exprobrō (1) (+ dat.) insult, reproach, mock, defy dītō (1) enrich 164 dīvitiae, -ārum (f.) wealth, riches 165 tribūtum, -ī (n.) tribute 166 opprobrium, -iī (n.) shame 167 incircumcīsus, -a, -um uncircumcised. Since the Jews were all circumcised, “uncircumcised” would have the connotation of “heathen.” 168 *exprobrō (1) (+ dat.) insult, reproach, mock, defy 169 *aciēs, aciēī (f.) line, eyesight, battle line, army 170 referō, referre, rettulī, relātum refer, tell 171 *major, majus larger, older, greater (comparative of magnus) 172 *īrātus, -a, -um angry 173 *dērelinquō, -ere, -liquī, -lictum leave behind 174 pauculus, -a, -um few 175 dēsertum, -ī (n.) desert 176 superbia, -ae (f.) pride 177 nēquitia, -ae (f.) wickedness 178 cor, cordis (n.) heart 179 *numquid (an interrogative word); Numquid … est?: Isn’t there reason? 180 dēclinō (1) go aside 181 paululum (paullulum) (adv.) a little 182 prius (adv.) earlier 183 annuntiō (1) announce; et annuntiata [sunt] in conspectu Saul: and they (the words) were announced in the presence of Saul 162 163

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conspectu184 Saul. (32) Ad quem cum fuisset adductus,185 locutus est ei, “Non concidat186 cor187 cujusquam188 in eo. Ego servus tuus vadam et pugnabo adversus Philisthaeum.” (33) Et ait Saul ad David, “Non vales189 resistere190 Philisthaeo isti, nec pugnare adversum eum quia puer191 es. Hic autem vir bellator192 est ab adulescentia193 sua.” (34) Dixitque David ad Saul, “Pascebat servus tuus patris sui gregem. Et veniebat leo194 vel ursus195 et tollebat196 arietem197 de medio gregis, (35) et persequebar198 eos, et percutiebam, eruebamque199 de ore200 eorum. Et illi consurgebant201 adversum me, et apprehendebam202 mentum203 eorum, et suffocabam,204 interficiebamque205 eos. (36) Nam206 et leonem207 et ursum208 interfeci209 ego, servus tuus. Erit igitur et Philisthaeus hic incircumcisus210 quasi211 unus ex eis. *conspectus, -ūs (m.) sight addūcō, -ere, -duxī, -ductum bring to; fuisset adductus = adductus esset 186 concidō, -ere, -cidī fall, be disheartened 187 cor, cordis (n.) heart 188 *quisquam, quaequam, quidquam (quicquam) anyone/thing 189 valeō, -ēre, -uī be strong, be able 190 resistō, -ere, restitī oppose, stand against, resist 191 puer, puerī (m.) boy, slave 192 bellātor, -ōris (m.) warrior 193 adulescentia (adolescentia), -ae (f.) youth 194 leō, leōnis (m.) lion 195 ursus, -ī (m.) bear 196 tollō, -ere, sustulī, sublātum take away 197 ariēs, -ētis (m.) ram 198 persequor, -sequī, -secūtus sum pursue, persecute 199 ēruō, -ere, -uī, ērutum deliver 200 ōs, ōris (n.) mouth 201 consurgō, -ere, -surrexī, -surrectum rise up, get up 202 apprehendō, -ere, -hendī, -hensum grab, seize 203 mentum, -ī (n.) chin, throat 204 suffocō (1) choke, suffocate 205 interficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectum kill 206 nam (conj.) for 207 leō, leōnis (m.) lion 208 ursus, -ī (m.) bear 209 *interficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectum kill 210 *incircumcīsus, -a, -um uncircumcised 211 quasi (conj. or adv.) as if, like, about, approximately 184 185

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Nunc212 vadam213 et auferam214 opprobrium215 populi, quoniam216 quis217 est iste218 Philisthaeus incircumcisus219 qui ausus est220 maledicere221 exercitui222 Dei viventis.” (37) Et ait David, “Dominus qui eripuit223 me de manu leonis224 et de manu ursi,225 ipse me liberavit226 de manu Philisthaei hujus.” Dixit autem Saul ad David, “Vade, et Dominus tecum sit.” (38) Et induit227 Saul David vestimentis228 suis, et imposuit229 galeam230 aeream231 super caput232 ejus, et vestivit233 eum lorica.234 (39) Accintus235 ergo David gladio236 ejus super vestem237 suam coepit238 temptare239 si armatus240 posset incedere,241 non enim

*nunc (adv.) now *vadō, -ere, vāsī go 214 auferō, auferre, abstulī, ablātum take away 215 opprobrium, -iī (n.) shame 216 quōniam (adv. or conj.) since, that 217 quis, quid who, what 218 iste, ista, istud that person/thing 219 *incircumcīsus, -a, -um uncircumcised 220 audeō, -ēre, ausus sum dare 221 maledīcō, -ere, -dixī, -dictum curse 222 *exercitus, -ūs (m.) army 223 ēripiō, -ere, ēripuī, ēreptum rescue, deliver 224 *leō, leōnis (m.) lion 225 *ursus, -ī (m.) bear 226 *līberō (1) free 227 induō, -ere, -uī, -ūtum clothe, put on, wear (passive as refl./mid., w. abl. of means); induit … suis: Saul clothed David with his own garments. 228 vestīmentum, -ī (n.) garment, clothing 229 impōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positum put on 230 galea, -ae (f.) helmet 231 aereus, -a, -um bronze 232 *caput, capitis (n.) head 233 vestiō, -īre clothe, put on 234 lōrīca, -ae (f.) breastplate 235 accingo, -ere, accinxī, accinctum gird, put on 236 gladius, -iī (m.) sword 237 *vestis, vestis (f.) garment, clothing 238 coepī, coepisse begin (perfect as present) 239 temptō (tentō) (1) test, try, attempt 240 armātus, -a, -um armed 241 incēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessum go forward 212 213

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habebat consuetudinem.242 Dixitque David ad Saul, “Non possum sic incedere quia non usum243 habeo.” Et deposuit244 ea, (40) et tulit baculum245 suum quem semper246 habebat in manibus, et elegit247 sibi quinque limpidissimos248 lapides249 de torrente,250 et misit eos in peram251 pastoralem252 quam habebat secum. Et fundam253 manu tulit, et processit254 adversum Philisthaeum. (41) Ibat255 autem Philisthaeus incedens256 et appropinquans257 adversum David et armiger258 ejus ante259 eum. (42) Cumque inspexisset260 Philisthaeus et vidisset David, despexit261 eum, erat enim adulescens262 rufus263 et pulcher aspectu.264 (43) Et dixit Philisthaeus ad David, “Numquid ego canis265 sum quod tu venis ad me cum baculo?”266 Et maledixit267 Philisthaeus David in diis suis.268 (44) Dixitque ad

consuētūdō, -inis (n.) custom; non … consuetudinem: for he was not accustomed to it 243 usus, -ūs (m.) use; non usum habeo: I am not used to it. 244 dēpōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positum put down 245 baculus, -ī (m.) or baculum, -ī (n.) staff, stick 246 semper (adv.) always 247 ēligō, -ere, ēlēgī, ēlectum choose 248 limpidus, -a, -um smooth 249 lapis, -idis (m.) stone 250 torrens, -entis (m.) stream 251 pēra, -ae (f.) bag, pouch 252 pastōrālis, -e belonging or relating to a shepherd 253 funda, -ae (f.) slingshot 254 prōcēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessum proceed 255 eō, īre, īvī (iī), itum go 256 incēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessum go forward 257 appropinquō (1) approach 258 armiger, -era, -erum armor bearing; armor bearer (m. as subst.) 259 ante (prep. + acc.) in front of, before 260 inspiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectum look upon 261 dēspiciō, -ere -spexī, -spectum despise 262 adulescens (adolescens), -entis (m./f.) young man or woman 263 rūfus, -a, -um red, ruddy 264 aspectus, -ūs (m.) countenance, face, appearance; aspectu is an abl. of specification. 265 canis, canis (m.) dog 266 baculus, -ī (m.) or baculum, -ī (n.) staff, stick 267 maledīcō, -ere, -dixī, -dictum curse 242

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David, “Veni ad me, et dabo269 carnes270 tuas volatilibus caeli et bestiis terrae.” (45) Dixit autem David ad Philisthaeum, “Tu venis ad me cum gladio,271 et hasta,272 et clipeo.273 Ego autem venio ad te in nomine Domini exercituum, Dei agminum274 Israel, quibus exprobrasti. (46) Hodie275 et dabit te Dominus in manu mea,276 et percutiam te, et auferam277 caput tuum a te, et dabo cadavera278 castrorum Philisthiim hodie volatilibus caeli et bestiis terrae ut sciat279 omnis terra quia est Deus in Israel. (47) Et noverit universa ecclesia280 haec quia non in gladio281 nec in hasta282 salvat283 Dominus. Ipsius enim est bellum284 et tradet vos in manus nostras.”285 (48) Cum ergo surrexisset Philisthaeus, et veniret, et appropinquaret286 contra David, festinavit287 David, et cucurrit288 ad pugnam289 ex adverso290 Philisthaei. (49) Et misit manum suam in in diis suis: “by his gods” (DR); in is sometimes used with an object in the abl. where an abl. of means would be used in Classical Latin (P&W 22b). 269 *dō, dare, dedī, datum give 270 carō, carnis (f.) meat, flesh 271 gladius, -iī (m.) sword 272 hasta, -ae (f.) spear 273 clipeus (clypeus), -ī (m.) shield 274 *agmen, agminis (n.) battle line, army; in nomine … Israel: “in the name of the Lord of hosts, the God of the armies of Israel” (DR) 275 hodiē (adv.) today 276 in manu mea: into my hand; in Classical Latin the acc. case would be used. 277 auferō, auferre, abstulī, ablatum take away 278 cadāver, -eris (n.) corpse 279 *sciō, scīre, scīvī (sciī), scītum know 280 ecclēsia, -ae (f.) church, assembly 281 *gladius, -iī (m.) sword; non in gladio nec in hasta: not by sword or by spear (in + abl. to express means, P&W 22b) 282 *hasta, -ae (f.) spear 283 salvō (1) save 284 *bellum, -ī (n.) war 285 noster, nostra, nostrum our 286 appropinquō (1) approach 287 festinō (1) hurry 288 *currō, -ere, cucurrī, cursum run 289 pugna, -ae (f.) battle 290 *adversum, -ī (n.) adversity; the opposite side; ex adverso: against 268

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peram,291 tulitque unum lapidem,292 et funda293 jecit,294 et circumducens295 percussit Philisthaeum in fronte, et infixus est296 lapis in fronte ejus. Et cecidit297 in faciem suam super terram. (50) Praevaluitque298 David adversum Philisthaeum in funda299 et lapide,300 percussumque Philisthaeum interfecit.301 Cumque302 gladium non haberet in manu, David (51) cucurrit et stetit super Philisthaeum, et tulit gladium ejus, et eduxit eum de vagina303 sua, et interfecit eum, praeciditque304 caput ejus. pēra, -ae (f.) bag, pouch lapis, -idis (m.) stone 293 funda, -ae (f.) sling, slingshot 294 jaciō, -ere, jēcī, jactum throw 295 circumducō, -ere, -duxī, -ductum lead around; swing around 296 infīgō, -ere, infixī, infixum drive in, thrust in 297 cadō, -ere, cecidī, cāsum fall 298 praevaleō, -ēre, -uī prevail 299 *funda, -ae (f.) sling, slingshot; in funda et lapide: with the slingshot and the stone 300 *lapis, -idis (m.) stone 301 *interficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -factum kill 302 Cumque: and since (cum causal) 291 292

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Videntes autem Philisthiim quod mortuus esset305 fortissimus306 eorum fugerunt. (52) Et consurgentes307 viri Israel et Juda vociferati sunt308 et persecuti sunt309 Philisthaeos…

vāgīna, -ae (f.) sheath praecidō, -ere, -cīdī, -cīsum cut off 305 morior, morī, mortuus sum die 306 fortis, -e brave 307 consurgō, -ere, -surrexī, -surrectum rise up, get up 308 *vōciferor (1) cry out 309 persequor, -sequī, -secutus sum pursue, persecute 303 304

JOB

I. JOB’S TRIAL (JOB 1:1-2:10) (1:1) Vir erat in terra Hus1 nomine Job,2 et erat vir ille simplex,3 et rectus,4 ac5 timens Deum, et recedens6 a malo. (2) Natique sunt7 ei septem filii et tres8 filiae. (3) Et fuit possessio9 ejus septem millia10 ovium et tres millia camelorum,11 quingenta12 quoque juga13 boum, et quingentae asinae,14 ac familia15 multa nimis. Eratque vir ille magnus inter omnes orientales.16 (4) Et ibant17 filii ejus et faciebant convivium18 per domos, unusquisque19 in die suo, et mittentes vocabant tres sorores20 suas ut comederent21 et biberent22 cum eis.

1 Hus Hus or Uz (an unknown land, perhaps Edom, south of the Dead Sea) 2 Job (m.) Job 3 simplex, simplicis simple, pure 4 rectus, -a, -um upright, good 5 ac or atque (conj.) and 6 recēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessum withdraw, avoid, shun 7 nascor, nascī, nātus sum be born 8 trēs, tria three 9 possessiō, -ōnis (f.) possession 10 *mille, millia (mīlia) thousand 11 camēlus, -ī (m.) camel 12 quingentī, -ae, -a five hundred 13 jugum, -ī (n.) yoke, pair; juga boum: yoke of cattle. boum is genitive plural. 14 asina, -ae (f.) she-ass 15 familia, -ae (f.) family, household (including slaves); multa familia nimis: a very great family. Consider multa as the equivalent of magna. 16 orientālis, -e east, eastern, of the east 17 eō, īre, īvī (iī), itum go 18 convīvium, -iī (n.) party, banquet

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(5) Cumque in orbem23 transissent24 dies convivii,25 mittebat ad eos Job et sanctificabat illos. Consurgensque26 diluculo27 offerebat28 holocausta29 pro singulis,30 dicebat enim, “Ne31 forte32 peccaverint33 filii mei et benedixerint Deo in cordibus34 suis.” Sic faciebat Job cunctis diebus. (6) Quadam35 autem die, cum venissent filii Dei ut assisterent36 coram Domino, adfuit37 inter eos etiam Satan.38 (7) Cui dixit Dominus, “Unde39 venis?” Qui respondens ait, “Circuivi40 terram, et perambulavi41 eam.” (8) Dixitque Dominus ad eum, “Numquid considerasti42 servum meum Job, quod non sit ei similis43 in terra, homo 19 unusquisque every one; unusquisque in die suo: each one on his day, i.e., each one took turns. 20 soror, -ōris (f.) 21 uncomedō, -ere eat together 22 bibō, -ere, bibī, bibitum drink 23 orbis, orbis (f.) world, earth 24 transeō, -īre, -īvī (-iī), -itum cross over, pass by; in orbem: in their cycle 25 *convīvium, -iī (n.) party, banquet 26 consurgō, -ere, -surrexī, -surrectum rise up, get up 27 dīlūculō (adv.) early, in the morning 28 offerō, offerre, obtulī, oblātum offer, bring forward 29 holocaustum, -ī (n.) holocaust, burnt offering 30 singulus, -a, -um each every; pro singulis: for each one 31 Ne … suis: lest by chance my sons have sinned and cursed God in their hearts. This construction is probably a fear clause with an understood verb of fear ([I fear] lest …). Note that here as well as elsewhere the euphemism “bless” is used in place of “curse.” 32 fortē (adv.) by chance, perhaps 33 peccō (1) sin 34 *cor, cordis (n.) heart 35 *quīdam, quaedam, quoddam (quiddam) a certain person/thing 36 assistō, -ere, astitī stand near 37 *adsum, adesse, adfuī be present 38 Satan (m.) Satan 39 unde (adv.) whence, from where 40 circueō, -īre, -iī (-īvī) go around 41 perambulō (1) walk over 42 consīderō (1) look upon, consider; Numquid … terra: Have you considered my servant Job, that there is none like him on the earth? 43 *similis, -e same, similar

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simplex,44 et rectus,45 et timens Deum, et recedens46 a malo?” (9) Cui respondens Satan ait, “Numquid Job frustra47 timet Deum? (10) Nonne48 tu vallasti49 eum, ac domum ejus, universamque substantiam50 per circuitum,51 operibus manuum ejus benedixisti, et possessio52 ejus crevit in terra? (11) Sed extende53 paululum54 manum tuam, et tange55 cuncta quae possidet,56 nisi57 in faciem benedixerit tibi.” (12) Dixit ergo Dominus ad Satan, “Ecce! Universa quae habet in manu tua sunt. Tantum58 in eum ne extendas59 manum tuam.” Egressusque est Satan a facie Domini. (13) Cum autem quadam die filii et filiae ejus comederent60 et biberent61 vinum62 in domo fratris sui primogeniti,63 (14) nuntius64 venit ad Job, qui diceret,65 “Boves arabant,66 et asinae67 pascebantur juxta eos, (15) et irruerunt68 Sabaei,69 tuleruntque omnia, et pueros70 percusserunt gladio, et evasi71 ego solus ut nuntiarem72 tibi.” simplex, simplicis simple, pure rectus, -a, -um upright, good 46 recēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessum withdraw, avoid, shun 47 frustrā (adv.) in vain 48 nonne (adv.) introduces a question expecting a “yes” answer 49 vallō (1) fortify, make a hedge around, protect; vallasti = vallavisti 50 substantia, -ae (f.) substance, goods 51 circuitus, -ūs (m.) circuit; per circuitum “round about” (DR) 52 possessiō, -ōnis (f.) possession 53 extendō, -ere, extendī, extensum (extentum) extend 54 paululum (paullulum) (adv.) a little 55 tangō, -ere, tetigī, tactum touch 56 possideō, -ēre, -sēdī, -sessum possess 57 nisi (conj.) except, unless, if not; nisi … tibi: “and see if he blesseth thee not to thy face” (DR). The “see” is understood. Note again the euphemism of “bless” for “curse.” 58 tantum (adv.) only 59 extendō, -ere, extendī, extensum (extentum) extend 60 comedō, -ere (-esse), -ēdī, -ēsum (estum) eat with, eat together 61 bibō, -ere, bibī, bibitum drink 62 vīnum, -ī (n.) wine 63 *prīmogenitus, -a, -um firstborn 64 nuntius, -iī (m.) messenger 65 qui diceret: who said (relative clause of purpose) 66 arō (1) plow 67 asina, -ae (f.) she-ass 68 irruō, -ere, -uī rush upon 44 45

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(16) Cumque adhuc73 ille loqueretur, venit alter et dixit, “Ignis74 Dei cecidit75 e caelo et tactas76 oves puerosque consumpsit. Et effugi77 ego solus78 ut nuntiarem79 tibi.” (17) Sed et illo adhuc loquente, venit alius et dixit, “Chaldaei80 fecerunt tres turmas81 et invaserunt82 camelos,83 et tulerunt eos, necnon84 et pueros85 percusserunt gladio. Et ego fugi solus86 ut nuntiarem87 tibi.” (18) Adhuc loquebatur ille, et ecce! alius intravit88 et dixit, “Filiis tuis et filiabus89 vescentibus90 et bibentibus91 vinum92 in domo fratris sui primogeniti, (19) repente93 ventus94 vehemens95 irruit96 a regione97 deserti98 et concussit99 quattuor100 angulos101 Sabaeus, -ī (m.) a Sabean *puer, puerī (m.) boy, slave 71 ēvādō, -ere, ēvāsī, ēvāsum escape 72 nuntiō (1) announce; ut nuntiarem tibi: to announce [the news] to you (purpose or result clause) 73 adhūc (adv.) still 74 ignis, ignis (m.) fire 75 cadō, -ere, cecidī, cāsum fall 76 tangō, -ere, tetigī, tactum touch 77 effugiō, -ere, effūgī flee 78 sōlus, -a, -um alone 79 nuntiō (1) announce 80 Chaldaeus, -a, -um Chaldean; a Chaldean, astrologer (m. as subst.) 81 turma, -ae (f.) band, troop 82 invādō, -ere, -vāsī, -vāsum invade, fall upon 83 camēlus, -ī (m.) camel 84 necnon (conj.) and also, likewise, certainly 85 pueros: servants 86 *sōlus, -a, -um alone 87 *nuntiō (1) announce 88 intrō (1) enter, come into 89 filiabus is the feminine to distinguish from filiis, masculine. 90 *vescor, vescī (+ abl.) feed on, eat 91 *bibō, -ere, bibī, bibitum drink 92 vīnum, -ī (n.) wine 93 repentē (adv.) suddenly 94 ventus, -ī (m.) wind 95 vehemens, -entis violent 96 irruō, -ere, -uī rush upon 97 regiō, -ōnis (f.) region 98 *dēsertum, -ī (n.) desert 99 concutiō, -ere, -cussī, -cussum strike 69 70

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domus quae corruens102 oppressit liberos103 tuos et mortui sunt.104 Et effugi105 ego solus ut nuntiarem tibi.” (20) Tunc106 surrexit Job, et scidit107 vestimenta sua, et tonso108 capite109 corruens110 in terram adoravit111 (21) et dixit, “Nudus112 egressus sum de utero113 matris meae, et nudus revertar114 illuc.115 Dominus dedit, Dominus abstulit.116 Sicut117 Domino placuit,118 ita factum est. Sit nomen Domini benedictum.”119 (22) In omnibus his non peccavit120 Job labiis suis, neque stultum121 quid122 contra Deum locutus est. (2:1) Factum est autem cum quadam die venissent filii Dei, et starent coram Domino, venisset quoque Satan inter eos et staret in conspectu ejus, (2) ut diceret Dominus ad Satan, “Unde123 venis?” Qui respondens ait, “Circuivi124 terram et perambulavi125 eam. (3)

quattuor four angulus, -ī (m.) angle, corner 102 corruō, -ere, -uī fall, fall down 103 liberī, -ōrum (m. pl.) children 104 *morior, morī, mortuus sum die 105 effugiō, -ere, -fūgī flee 106 tunc (adv.) then 107 scindō, -ere, scidī, scissum tear 108 tondeō, -ēre, totondī, tonsum shear, cut hair 109 *caput, capitis (n.) head 110 corruō, -ere, -uī fall down 111 adōrō (1) adore, worship 112 nūdus, -a, -um nude, naked 113 uterus, -ī (m.) womb 114 *revertō (or revertor, etc.), -ere, -vertī, -versum come back, return 115 illūc (adv.) there, thither 116 *auferō, auferre, abstulī, ablātum take away 117 *sīcut (conj.) just as, as, like 118 placeō, -ēre, -uī, -itum please 119 benedīctus, -a, -um blessed 120 *peccō (1) sin 121 stultus, -a, -um stupid 122 aliquis, aliquid (quis, quid after si, nisi, num, or ne) anyone/thing 123 unde (adv.) whence, from where 124 circueō, -īre, -īvī (-iī) go around 125 perambulō (1) walk over 100 101

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Et dixit Dominus ad Satan, “Numquid considerasti126 servum meum Job, quod non sit ei similis in terra, vir simplex127 et rectus,128 ac129 timens Deum, ac recedens130 a malo et adhuc retinens131 innocentiam?132 Tu autem commovisti133 me adversus eum ut affligerem134 eum frustra.”135 (4) Cui respondens Satan ait, “Pellem136 pro pelle et cuncta quae habet homo dabit pro anima sua. (5) Alioquin137 mitte manum tuam et tange138 os139 ejus et carnem,140 et tunc141 videbis quod in faciem142 benedicat tibi.” (6) Dixit ergo Dominus ad Satan, “Ecce! In manu tua est, verumtamen143 animam illius serva.” (7) Egressus igitur Satan a facie Domini, percussit Job ulcere144 pessimo145 a planta146 pedis147 usque148 ad verticem149 ejus. (8) Qui testa150 saniem151 radebat,152 sedens153 in sterquilinio.154 (9) Dixit *consīderō (1) look upon, consider *simplex, simplicis simple, pure 128 *rectus, -a, -um upright, good 129 *ac or atque (conj.) and 130 *recēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessum withdraw, avoid, shun 131 retineō, -ēre, -tinuī, -tentum hold back, keep 132 innocentia, -ae (f.) innocence 133 commoveō, -ēre, -mōvī, -mōtum move, stir up 134 *afflīgō, -ere, -flixī, -flictum afflict 135 *frustrā (adv.) in vain 136 pellis, pellis (f.) skin 137 aliōquin (adv.) otherwise 138 *tangō, -ere, tetigī, tactum touch 139 os, ossis (n.) bone 140 *carō, carnis (f.) meat, flesh 141 *tunc (adv.) then 142 in faciem: to your face 143 vērumtamen (conj.) nevertheless 144 ulcus, ulceris (n.) boil, sore 145 pessimus, -a, -um worst (superlative of bonus) 146 planta, -ae (f.) sole 147 pēs, pedis (m.) foot 148 usque (adv.) all the way 149 vertex, verticis (m.) top, top of the head 150 testa, -ae (f.) potsherd, pottery fragment 151 saniēs, saniēī (f.) infection, sore 152 rādō, -ere, rasī, rasum scrape 153 sedeō, -ēre, sēdī, sessum sit 126 127

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autem illi uxor155 sua, “Adhuc tu permanes156 in simplicitate157 tua? Benedic Deo et morere!”158 (10) Qui ait ad illam, “Quasi159 una de stultis160 mulieribus locuta es. Si bona suscepimus161 de manu Dei, mala quare non suscipiamus?”162 In omnibus his non peccavit Job labiis163 suis. [In the following passages Job is visited by three friends who try to comfort him but in the process suggest that Job is being punished for sin that he will not admit to. Job curses the day of his birth, complains of his afflictions, expresses a desire to die, and seeks to make his case before God. Job ultimately retains his faith, however, as is seen in the following passage in which he addresses his friends.]

II. JOB’S EXPRESSION OF TRUST IN GOD (JOB 19:20-28) (19:20) “Pelli164 meae, consumptis carnibus, adhaesit165 os166 meum, et derelicta sunt167 tantummodo168 labia169 circa170 dentes171 meos. (21) Miseremini172 mei, miseremini mei, saltem173 vos amici174 mei, sterquilīnium, -iī (n.) dung heap *uxor, -ōris (f.) wife 156 permaneō, -ēre, -mansī, -mansum remain, persist 157 simplicitas, -ātis (f.) simplicity, purity 158 benedic … morere: curse God and die. (Dico has an irregular imperative, dic. “Dic, duc, fac, fer, there should be an ‘e’ but it isn’t there.”) 159 *quasi (conj. or adv.) as if, like, about approximately; quasi … stultis: like one of the stupid women, as if you were stupid 160 stultus, -a, -um stupid 161 suscipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum undertake, receive 162 mala quare non suscipiamus: why shouldn’t we receive evil? (deliberative subjunctive) 163 labium, -iī (n.) lip 164 pellis, pellis (f.) skin; pelli … meum: with my flesh having been consumed, my bone clings to my skin 165 adhaereō, -ēre, adhaesī, adhaesum cling 166 os, ossis (n.) bone 167 dērelinquō, -ere, -līquī, -lictum leave behind 168 tantummodo (adv.) only 169 labium, -iī (n.) lip 170 circā (prep. + acc.) around 171 dens, dentis (m.) tooth 172 *misereor, -ērī, misertus (miseritus) sum 154 155

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quia manus Domini tetigit me. (22) Quare persequimini175 me sicut Deus et carnibus meis saturmini?176 (23) Quis177 mihi tribuat178 ut scribantur179 sermones mei? Quis180 mihi det ut exarentur181 in libro,182 (24) stilo183 ferreo184 et plumbi185 lamina,186 vel187 celte188 sculpantur189 in silice.190 (25) “Scio enim quod Redemptor191 meus vivit et in novissimo192 die de terra surrecturus sum.193 (26) Et rursum circumdabor194 pelle195 mea, et in carne mea videbo Deum meum. (27) Quem visurus sum ego ipse, et oculi196 mei conspecturi sunt197 et non alius. Reposita est198 haec spes199 mea in sinu200 meo.

saltem (adv.) at least, anyhow, surely amīcus, -ī (m.) friend 175 *persequor, -sequī, -secutus sum pursue, persecute 176 saturō (1) fill; fill oneself with (passive as refl./mid.) 177 *quis, quid who what 178 tribuō, -ere, -uī, -ūtum give, grant; Quis … mei?: who would grant me that my words may be written? Tribuat is a deliberative subjunctive, and it leads into a noun clause of desire. 179 scribō, -ere, scripsī, scriptum write 180 Quis mihi det: who would grant me; what type of construction? 181 exarō (1) write 182 liber, librī (m.) book 183 stilus (sylus), -ī (m.) pen 184 ferreus, -a, -um iron 185 plumbum, -ī (n.) lead 186 lāmina (lammina), -ae (f.) plate, metal plate 187 vel (conj. or adv.) or, even 188 celtis, -is (m.) chisel 189 sculpō, -ere, sculpsī, sculptum sculpt, chisel, carve 190 silex, silicis (m.) flint, stone 191 redemptor, -ōris (m.) redeemer 192 novus, -a, -um new; novissimo die: on the last day 193 surrecturus sum: I shall rise (future active periphrastic) 194 circumdō, -dare, -dedī, -datum encompass, surround 195 *pellis, pellis (f.) skin 196 oculus, -ī (m.) eye 197 conspiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectum see, look at 198 repōnō, -ere, -posui, -positum lay up, store 199 spēs, speī (f.) hope 200 sinus, -ūs (m.) bosom, breast 173 174

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[Eventually God visits Job and tells him that he cannot understand his ways. God condemns the words of Job’s friends and restores Job’s health and previous good fortune.]

PSALMS

I. PSALM 1 (1) Beatus vir1 qui non abiit in consilio2 impiorum,3 et in via4 peccatorum5 non stetit, et in cathedra6 pestilentiae7 non sedit.8 (2) Sed9 in lege10 Domini voluntas11 eius, et in lege ejus meditabitur12 die ac nocte. (3) Et erit tamquam13 lignum quod plantatum est14 secus15 decursus16 aquarum quod fructum suum dabit in tempore suo, et folium17 ejus non defluet,18 et omnia quaecumque19 faciet prosperabuntur.20

Beatus vir: supply est. consilium, -iī (n.) plan, advice, counsel 3 impius, -a, -um wicked, impious 4 via, -ae (f.) road, way 5 peccātor, -ōris (m.) sinner 6 cathedra, -ae (f.) seat, chair 7 pestilentia, -ae (f.) pestilence 8 *sedeō, -ēre, sēdī, sessum sit 9 sed (conj.) but 10 lex, lēgis (f.) law 11 voluntās, -ātis (f.) will; voluntas is the subject of an understood 1 2

est.

meditor (1) meditate tamquam (tanquam) (conj.) like 14 plantō (1) plant 15 secus (prep. + acc.) by, beside 16 dēcursus, -ūs (m.) a flowing down, stream 17 folium, -iī (n.) leaf, foliage 18 dēfluō, -ere, -fluxī pass away, wither 19 quicumque, quaecumque, quodcumque whoever, whatever 20 prosperō (or prosperor, etc.) (1) prosper (here used as a deponent) 12 13

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(4) Non sic21 impii,22 non sic; sed tamquam23 pulvis24 quem projicit25 ventus26 a facie terrae. (5) Ideo27 non resurgent28 impii29 in judicio,30 neque peccatores31 in concilio32 justorum,33 (6) quoniam34 novit Dominus viam35 justorum,36 et iter37 impiorum peribit.38

II. PSALM 21 (22)39 (1) In finem,40 pro41 susceptione42 matutina,43 psalmus44 David. (2) Deus,45 Deus meus, respice46 in me. Quare me dereliquisti? Longe47 a salute48 mea verba rugitus49 mei. (3) Deus meus, clamabo per diem, et non exaudies,50 et nocte nec est silentium.51

sīc (adv.) thus, so impius, -a, -um wicked, impious; impii: supply sunt 23 tamquam (tanquam) (conj.) like 24 pulvis, pulveris (m.) dust 25 projiciō, -ere, -jēcī, -jectum throw, cast forth 26 *ventus, -ī (m.) wind 27 ideō (adv.) therefore 28 resurgō, -ere, -rexī, -rectum rise again 29 *impius, -a, -um wicked, impious 30 jūdicium, -iī (n.) judgment, good judgment 31 peccātor, -ōris (m.) sinner 32 concilium, -iī (n.) council 33 justus, -a, -um just; just person (m. as subst.) 34 quoniam (conj.) since, that 35 via, -ae (f.) road, way 36 justus, -a, -um just; just person (m. as subst.) 37 iter, itineris (n.) trip 38 pereō, -īre, -iī, -itum perish 39 The Vulgate numbering of most of the Psalms differs slightly from most other versions, such as the King James. The number given in parentheses represents the numbering for these other versions. 40 fīnis, fīnis (m./f.) end, boundary; often “land” in plural; In finem … David: “Unto the end, for the morning protection, a psalm of David” (DR) 41 prō (prep. + abl.) for, on behalf of 42 susceptiō, -ōnis (f.) a taking in hand, reception, protection 43 mātūtīnus, -a, -um morning 44 psalmus, -ī (m.) psalm, song 45 Deus is a vocative. 46 respiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectum look upon 21 22

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(4) Tu autem in sancto52 habitas,53 laus54 Israel. (5) In te speraverunt55 patres nostri,56 speraverunt et liberasti eos. (6) Ad te clamaverunt et salvi57 facti sunt. In te speraverunt, et non sunt confusi.58 (7) Ego autem sum vermis59 et non homo, opprobrium60 hominum et abjectio61 plebis.62 (8) Omnes videntes me deriserunt63 me; locuti sunt labiis;64 moverunt caput,65 “Speravit66 in Domino; eripiat67 eum; salvum68 faciat eum, quoniam69 vult70 eum.” (10) Quoniam71 tu es qui extraxisti72 me de ventre,73 spes74 mea ab uberibus75 matris76 meae. (11) In te projectus sum77 ex utero,78 47 longē (adv.) far, from afar; Longe … mei: far from my safety are the words of my groaning (sunt understood; I have followed the Hebrew version here and with nec est silentium in verse 3.) 48 salūs, salūtis (f.) health, safety, salvation 49 rugītus, -ūs (m.) roaring, groaning 50 exaudiō, -īre, -iī (-īvī), -ītum hear favorably 51 silentium, -iī (n.) silence 52 sanctum, -ī (n.) holy place, sanctuary, temple 53 *habitō (1) live 54 laus, laudis (f.) praise 55 spērō (1) hope 56 noster, nostra, nostrum our 57 salvus, -a, -um saved, safe, whole 58 confundō, -ere, -fūdī, -fūsum put to shame, confuse, disturb 59 vermis, vermis (m.) worm 60 *opprobrium, -iī (n.) shame 61 abjectiō, -ōnis (f.) outcast 62 plebs, plēbis (f.) people 63 dērīdeō, -ēre, -rīsī, -rīsum deride, laugh at 64 *labium, -iī (n.) lip 65 moverunt caput: shook their heads (in scorn) 66 spērō (1) hope 67 ēripiō, -ere, ēripuī, ēreptum rescue, deliver 68 salvus, -a, -um saved, safe, whole 69 quoniam (conj.) since, that 70 *volō, velle, voluī wish, want, like, love 71 *quōniam (conj.) since, that 72 extrahō, -ere, extraxī, extractum draw out, bring out 73 venter, ventris (m.) stomach, womb 74 spēs, speī (f.) hope 75 ūber, -eris (n.) breast 76 *māter, matris (f.) mother

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de ventre79 matris meae Deus meus es tu. (12) Ne discesseris80 a me, quoniam tribulatio81 proxima est, quoniam non est qui adjuvet.82 (13) Circumdederunt83 me vituli84 multi; tauri85 pingues obsederunt86 me. (14) Aperuerunt87 super me os88 suum, sicut leo rapiens89 et rugiens.90 (15) Sicut aqua effusus sum,91 et dispersa sunt92 omnia ossa93 mea. Factum est cor meum tamquam94 cera95 liquescens96 in medio ventris97 mei. (16) Aruit98 tamquam testa99 virtus100 mea, et lingua101 mea adhaesit102 faucibus103 meis, et in pulverem104 mortis105 deduxisti106 me. (17) Quoniam circumdederunt107 me canes108 multi. *projiciō, -ere, -jēcī, -jectum throw, cast forth uterus, -ī (m.) womb 79 venter, ventris (m.) stomach, womb 80 discēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessum depart; ne discesseris: may you not depart (perfect subjunctive in a negative command, A&G 450) 81 tribūlātiō, -ōnis (f.) tribulation 82 adjuvō (1) help; non est qui adjuvet: there is no one who can help. 83 circumdō, -dare, -dedī, -datum encompass, surround 84 vitulus, -ī (m.) bull, calf 85 taurus, -ī (m.) bull 86 obsideō, -ēre, obsēdī, obsessum besiege 87 aperiō, -īre, -uī, apertum open 88 ōs, ōris (n.) mouth 89 rapiens, -entis ravening 90 rugiō, -īre roar 91 effundō, -ere, effūdī, effūsum pour out 92 dispergō, -ere, dispersī, dispersum scatter 93 *os, ossis (n.) bone 94 *tamquam (tanquam) (conj.) like 95 cēra, -ae (f.) wax 96 liqueō, -ēre, līquī (licuī) be liquid 97 *venter, ventris (m.) stomach, womb 98 āreō, -ēre, āruī dry up, be dry, wither 99 testa, -ae (f.) potsherd, pottery fragment 100 virtus, -ūtis (f.) virtue, strength, power 101 lingua, -ae (f.) tongue 102 adhaereō, -ēre, adhaesī, adhaesum cling 103 faucēs, faucium (f. pl.) jaws, throat 104 pulvis, -eris (m.) dust 105 mors, mortis (f.) death 106 dēdūcō, -ere, -duxī, -ductum lead, lead down 107 *circumdō, -dare, -dedī, -datum encompass, surround 77 78

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Concilium109 malignantium110 obsedit111 me. Foederunt112 manus meas et pedes meos. (18) Dinumeraverunt113 omnia ossa mea; ipsi vero consideraverunt et inspexerunt114 me. (19) Diviserunt sibi vestimenta115 mea, et super vestem meam miserunt sortem.116 (20) Tu autem, Domine, ne elongaveris117 auxilium118 tuum a me. Ad defensionem119 meam conspice.120 (21) Erue121 a framea,122 Deus, animam meam et de manu canis123 unicam meam.124 (22) Salva125 me ex ore126 leonis, et a cornibus127 unicornium128 humilitatem129 meam. (23) Narrabo nomen tuum fratribus meis; in medio ecclesiae130 laudabo131 te. (24) Qui132 timetis Dominum, laudate eum; universum semen Jacob133 glorificate134 eum. (25) Timeat eum canis, canis (m.) dog concilium, -iī (n.) council 110 malignantēs, -ium (m. pl.) evildoers, the wicked 111 obsideō, -ēre, obsēdī, obsessum besiege 112 foedō (1) disfigure, mar; foederunt = foedaverunt 113 dīnumerō (1) number 114 inspiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectum look upon 115 *vestīmentum, -ī (n.) garment, clothing 116 sors, sortis (f.) lot; sortem mittere: to cast lots 117 ēlongō (1) take far away; elongaveris is a perfect subjunctive in a negative command (A&G 450) 118 auxilium, -iī (n.) help 119 dēfensiō, -ōnis (f.) defense 120 *conspiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectum see, look at 121 *ēruō, -ere, -uī, ērutum deliver 122 framea, -ae (f.) sword 123 *canis, canis (m.) dog; de manu canis: from the hand (power) of the dog 124 ūnica, -ae (f.) only one, dear one; unicam meam: “my only one” (DR), i.e., my soul 125 salvō (1) save 126 *ōs, ōris (n.) mouth 127 cornū, -ūs (n.) horn 128 ūnicornis, -is (m.) unicorn 129 humilitās, -ātis (f.) humility, lowliness 130 ecclēsia, -ae (f.) church, assembly 131 laudō (1) praise 132 Qui: [you] who 133 universam semen Jacob: all [of you] the seed (children) of Jacob 134 glōrificō (1) glorify 108 109

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omne semen Israel, quoniam non sprevit,135 neque despexit136 deprecationem137 pauperis;138 nec avertit139 faciem suam a me, et cum clamarem ad eum exaudivit140 me. (26) Apud141 te laus142 mea erit in ecclesia143 magna; vota144 mea reddam145 in conspectu timentium eum.146 (27) Edent147 pauperes148 et saturabuntur,149 et laudabunt150 Dominum qui requirunt151 eum. Vivent corda eorum in saeculum152 saeculi. (28) Reminiscentur153 et convertentur154 ad Dominum universi fines155 terrae, et adorabunt156 in conspectu ejus universae familiae157 gentium.158 (29) Quoniam Domini est regnum,159 et ipse dominabitur160 gentium.161 (30) Manducaverunt162 et adoraverunt omnes pingues163 spernō, -ere, sprēvī, sprētum despise, scorn dēspiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectum despise 137 dēprecātiō, -ōnis (f.) prayer 138 pauper, pauperis poor; poor person (m. as subst.) 139 āvertō, -ere, āvertī, āversum turn from, turn away 140 exaudiō, -īre, -īvī (-iī), -ītum hear favorably 141 apud (prep. + acc.) with, in the presence of 142 laus, laudis (f.) praise 143 *ecclēsia, -ae (f.) church, assembly 144 vōtum, -ī (n.) vow 145 reddō, -ere, reddidī, redditum give back, restore 146 in conspectu timentium eum: in the sight of those fearing Him 147 edō, edere (esse), ēdī, ēsum eat; edent is future. 148 pauper, pauperis poor; poor person (m. as subst.) 149 saturō (1) fill; fill oneself with (passive as refl./mid.) 150 *laudō (1) praise 151 requīrō, -ere, requīsīvī (requīsiī) requīsītum seek 152 saeculum, -ī (n.) time, age; in saeculum saeculi: for ever and ever 153 reminiscor, -ī remember 154 convertō, -ere, -vertī, -versum turn, convert, strengthen 155 *fīnis, fīnis (m./f.) end, boundary; often “land” in pl. 156 *adorō (1) adore, worship 157 familia, -ae (f.) family, household (including slaves) 158 gens, gentis (f.) family, nation; often “Gentiles” in pl. 159 regnum, -ī (n.) kingdom 160 dominor (1) (+ gen. or dat.) rule over 161 gens, gentis (f.) family, nation; often “Gentiles” in pl. 162 mandūcō (1) eat 163 pinguis, pingue fat; omnes pingues terrae: all the fat (prosperous) ones of the earth 135 136

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terrae. In conspectu ejus cadent164 omnes qui descendunt in terram. (31) Et anima mea illi vivet, et semen meum serviet165 ipsi. (32) Annuntiabitur166 Domino generatio167 ventura, et annuntiabunt caeli justitiam168 ejus populo qui nascetur,169 quem fecit Dominus.

III. PSALM 22 (23) (1) Psalmus170 David. Dominus regit171 me, et nihil mihi deerit.172 (2) In loco pascuae173 ibi me collocavit.174 Super aquam refectionis175 educavit176 me. (3) Animam meam convertit.177 Deduxit me super semitas178 justitiae179 propter nomen suum.180 (4) Nam,181 et si ambulavero182 in medio umbrae183 mortis,184 non timebo mala, quoniam tu mecum es. Virga185 tua et baculus186 tuus, ipsa me consolata sunt.187

164 *cadō, -ere, cecidī, cāsum fall; cadent … terram: all whose who descend into the earth (underworld) will fall down (in worship) 165 serviō, -īre, -īvī (-iī), -itum serve 166 annuntiō (1) announce 167 *generātiō, -ōnis (f.) generation 168 justitia, -ae (f.) justice 169 *nascor, nascī, nātus sum be born 170 psalmus, -ī (m.) psalm, song; Psalmus David: a psalm of David 171 regō, -ere, rexī, rectum guide, direct, rule 172 dēsum, -esse, -fuī be lacking 173 pascua, -ae (f.) pasture 174 collocō (1) place 175 refectiō, -ōnis (f.) refreshment 176 ēducō (1) nourish, bring up 177 convertō, -ere, -vertī, -versum turn, convert, strengthen 178 sēmita, -ae (f.) path 179 justitia, -ae (f.) justice 180 propter nomen suum: for His name’s sake (because it is in God’s nature to do so) 181 nam (conj.) for 182 ambulō (1) walk 183 umbra, -ae (f.) shade, shadow 184 mors, mortis (f.) death 185 virga, -ae (f.) rod 186 *baculus, -ī (m.) or baculum, -ī (n.) staff 187 consōlor (1) console, comfort

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(5) Parasti188 in conspectu meo mensam189 adversus190 eos qui tribulant191 me. Impinguasti192 in oleo193 caput meum, et calix194 meus inebrians195—quam196 praeclarus197 est! (6) Et misericordia198 tua subsequetur199 me omnibus diebus vitae200 meae, et ut inhabitem201 in domo Domini in longitudinem202 dierum.

IV. PSALM 50 (51) (1) In finem203 Psalmus David (2) cum venit ad eum Nathan204 propheta,205 quando206 intravit207 ad Bethsabee.208 (3) Miserere mei, Deus, secundum magnam misericordiam209 tuam, et secundum multitudinem210 miserationum211 tuarum, dele212 *parō (1) prepare mensa, -ae (f.) table 190 *adversum or adversus (adv. or prep. + acc.) against, in front of, in the presence of 191 trībulō (1) afflict 192 impinguo (1) grow fat, make fat, anoint 193 oleum, oleī (n.) oil; in oleo: with oil (in + abl. in place of abl. of means) 194 calix (calyx), calicis (m.) chalice, cup; et calix … est: “And my chalice which inebriateth me, how goodly it is!” (DR) 195 inēbriō (1) make drunk 196 quam (adv.) how! 197 praeclārus, -a, -um excellent 198 misericordia, -ae (f.) pity 199 subsequor, -sequī, -secūtus sum follow after 200 vīta, -ae (f.) life 201 inhabitō (1) dwell; et ut inhabitem: even so that I will dwell (result clause) 202 longitūdō, -inis (f.) length 203 In finem psalmus David: “unto the end a psalm of David” (DR) 204 Nathan (m.) Nathan (a prophet during the time of David) 205 prophēta, -ae (m.) prophet 206 quandō (conj. or adv.) when; quando … Bethsabee: when he entered to Bathsheba; i.e., when he had the affair with Bathsheba (and subsequently had her husband Uriah killed after she became pregnant; see II Samuel 11-12.) 207 *intrō (1) enter 208 Bathsabee (f.) Bathsheba 209 *misericordia, -ae (f.) pity 188 189

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iniquitatem213 meam. (4) Amplius214 lava215 me ab iniquitate mea, et a peccato216 meo munda217 me, (5) quoniam iniquitatem meam ego cognosco,218 et peccatum219 meum contra me est semper.220 (6) Tibi soli peccavi, et malum coram te feci ut justificeris221 in sermonibus tuis et vincas222 cum judicaris.223 (7) Ecce! enim in iniquitatibus224 conceptus sum,225 et in peccatis concepit me mater mea. (8) Ecce enim veritatem226 dilexisti;227 incerta228 et occulta229 sapientiae230 tuae manifestasti231 mihi. (9) Asperges232 me hyssopo233 et mundabor.234 Lavabis235 me, et super nivem236 dealbabor.237 (10) Auditui238 meo dabis gaudium239 et laetitiam,240 exsultabunt241 ossa humiliata.242 multitūdō, -inis (f.) multitude miserātiō, -ōnis (f.) mercy 212 dēleō, -ēre, -ēvī, -ētum blot away, wash away 213 inīquitās, -ātis (f.) evil 214 amplius (adv.) even more, yet more 215 lavō, -āre, lāvī, lautum (lōtum) bathe, wash 216 peccātum, -ī (n.) sin, crime 217 mundō (1) cleanse, wash 218 cognoscō, -ere, -nōvī, -nitum know 219 *peccātum, -ī (n.) sin, crime 220 semper (adv.) always 221 justificō (1) justify; ut justificeris … judicaris: so that you may be justified in your words and be victorious when you are judged 222 vincō, -ere, vīcī, victum conquer, overcome 223 jūdicō (1) judge 224 *inīquitās, -ātis (f.) evil 225 concipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum conceive 226 vēritās, -ātis (f.) truth 227 dīligō, -ere, -lexī, -lectum love 228 incertus, -a, -um uncertain 229 occultus, -a, -um hidden 230 sapientia, -ae (f.) wisdom 231 manifestō (1) make clear, reveal; manifestasti = manfestavisti 232 aspergō, -ere, aspersī, aspersum sprinkle 233 hyssōpum, -ī (n.) hyssop 234 mundō (1) cleanse, wash 235 lavō, -āre, lāvī, lautum (lotum) bathe, wash 236 nix, nivis (f.) snow 237 dealbō (1) to make white 238 audītus, -ūs (m.) hearing 239 gaudium, -iī (n.) joy 210 211

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(11) Averte243 faciem tuam a peccatis meis, et omnes iniquitates meas dele.244 (12) Cor mundum245 crea246 in me, Deus, et spiritum247 rectum innova248 in visceribus249 meis. (13) Ne projicias me a facie tua, et spiritum sanctum250 tuum ne auferas a me. (14) Redde251 mihi laetitiam252 salutaris253 tui, et spiritu principali254 confirma255 me. (15) Docebo256 iniquos257 vias258 tuas, et impii ad te convertentur.259 (16) Libera me de sanguinibus,260 Deus,261 Deus salutis262 meae, et exsultabit263 lingua264 mea justitiam265 tuam. (17) Domine, labia mea aperies,266 et os meum annuntiabit267 laudem268 tuam. (18) Quoniam si voluisses sacrificium,269 dedissem

laetitia, -ae (f.) happiness, gladness *exsultō (exultō) (1) rejoice, exult 242 humiliō (1) humble, bring low 243 āvertō, -ere, āvertī, āversum turn from, turn away 244 dēleō, -ēre, -ēvī, -ētum blot away, wash away 245 mundus, -a, -um clean 246 *creō (1) create 247 *spīritus, -ūs (m.) breath, spirit 248 innovō (1) renew 249 viscus, visceris (n.) flesh; organs, bowels (pl.) 250 sanctus, -a, -um holy 251 *reddō, -ere, reddidī, redditum give back, restore 252 laetitia, -ae (f.) happiness, gladness 253 salūtāre, -āris (n.) health, salvation 254 principālis, -e perfect, free 255 confirmō (1) strengthen, confirm 256 doceō, -ēre, -uī, doctum teach 257 inīquus, -a, -um unjust, evil, wicked; evil man (m. as subst.) 258 *via, -ae (f.) road, way 259 *convertō, -ere, -vertī, -versum turn, convert, strengthen 260 sanguis, -guinis (m.) blood; bloodshed 261 Deus is vocative. 262 salūs, salūtis (f.) health, safety, salvation 263 exsultō (exultō) (1) rejoice, exult 264 lingua, -ae (f.) tongue 265 *justitia, -ae (f.) justice 266 *aperiō, -īre, -uī, apertum open 267 *annuntiō (1) announce 268 *laus, laudis (f.) praise 269 sacrificium, -iī (n.) sacrifice 240 241

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utique;270 holocaustis271 non delectaberis.272 (19) Sacrificium273 Deo spiritus contribulatus;274 cor contritum275 et humiliatum,276 Deus, non despicies.277 (20) Benigne278 fac, Domine, in bona voluntate279 tua Sion,280 ut aedificentur281 muri282 Jerusalem.283 (21) Tunc acceptabis284 sacrificium285 justitiae, oblationes286 et holocausta.287 Tunc imponent288 super altare289 tuum vitulos.290

V. PSALM 62 (63) (1) Psalmus David, cum esset in deserto Idumaeae.291 (2) Deus, Deus meus, ad te de luce292 vigilo.293 Sitivit294 in te295 anima mea, quam296 multipliciter297 tibi caro mea! (3) In terra utīque (adv.) indeed; Quoniam … utique: since if You had wanted sacrifice, indeed I would have given it (past contrary-to-fact condition) 271 holocaustum, -ī (n.) holocaust, burnt offering 272 dēlectō (1) cause pleasure; be delighted, take delight (passive as refl./mid.) 273 sacrificium, -iī (n.) sacrifice; understand est. 274 contribulātus, -a, -um troubled, broken 275 contrītus, -a, -um contrite, saddened 276 humiliō (1) humble, bring low 277 *dēspiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectum despise 278 benignē (adv.) kindly 279 voluntās, -ātis (f.) will 280 Sion Zion (a hill in Jerusalem, often used as metonymy for Jerusalem); Sion is dative here. 281 *aedificō (1) build 282 mūrus, -ī (m.) wall 283 Jerusalem (n.) Jerusalem 284 acceptō (1) accept, receive 285 *sacrificium, -iī (n.) sacrifice 286 oblātiō, -ōnis (f.) oblation, offering 287 *holocaustum, -ī (n.) holocaust, burnt offering 288 impōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positum put on 289 altāre, altāris (n.) altar 290 vitulus, -ī (m.) bull, calf 291 Idumaea, -ae (f.) Idumea (a region south of Judea) 292 de luce: “at break of day” (DR) 293 vigilō (1) stay awake, keep watch 294 sitiō, -īre, -īvī be thirsty, thirst; sitivit is the verb for both anima and caro. 270

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deserta,298 et invia,299 et inaquosa,300 sic301 in sancto302 apparui tibi ut viderem virtutem303 tuam et gloriam304 tuam. (4) Quoniam melior305 est misericordia tua super vitas;306 labia mea laudabunt te. (5) Sic307 benedicam te in vita308 mea, et in nomine tuo levabo manus meas. (6) Sicut adipe309 et pinguedine310 repleatur311 anima mea, et labiis exsultationis312 laudabit os meum. (7) Recordans313 tui in cubili314 meo per singulas vigilias315 meditabor316 tibi, (8) quia fuisti adjutor317 meus, et in velamento318 alarum319 tuarum exsultabo.320 (9) Adhaesit321 anima mea post te; me suscepit322 dextera323 tua.

in te: for you quam (adv.) how! 297 multipliciter (adv.) in many ways 298 dēsertus, -a, -um deserted, dry 299 invius, -a, -um impassible, trackless, desert 300 inaquōsus, -a, -um without water 301 sīc (adv.) thus, so 302 sanctum, -ī (n.) holy place, sanctuary, temple 303 virtūs, -ūtis (f.) virtue, strength, power 304 glōria, -ae (f.) glory 305 melior, melius better (comparative of bonus) 306 *vīta, -ae (f.) life 307 *sīc (adv.) thus, so 308 levō (1) raise, lift up 309 adeps, adipis (m./f.) fat, marrow; Sicut … pinquedine: “as with marrow and fatness” (DR) 310 pinguēdō, -inis (f.) fat 311 *repleō, -ēre, -plēvī, -plētum fill 312 exsultātiō (exultātiō), -ōnis (f.) gladness, exultation 313 recordor (1) (+ gen. or acc.) remember. Verse seven follows the Hebrew text. 314 cubīle, cubīlis (n.) bed 315 vigilia, -ae (f.) watch, night watch, vigil 316 meditor (1) meditate 317 adjūtor, -ōris (m.) helper 318 vēlāmentum, -ī (n.) shade 319 āla, -ae (f.) wing 320 *exsultō (exultō) (1) rejoice, exult 321 *adhaereō, -ēre, adhaesī, adhaesum cling 322 *suscipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum undertake, receive 323 dextera, -ae (f.) right hand 295 296

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(10) Ipsi324 vero in vanum325 quaesierunt326 animam meam; introibunt327 in inferiora328 terrae. (11) Tradentur in manus gladii; partes329 vulpium330 erunt. (12) Rex vero laetabitur331 in Deo. Laudabuntur omnes qui jurant332 in eo,333 quia obstructum est334 os loquentium iniqua.335

VI. PSALM 94 (95) 1. Laus336 cantici337 ipsi David. Venite, exsultemus Domino; jubilemus338 Deo, salutari339 nostro.340 (2) Praeoccupemus341 faciem ejus in confessione,342 et in psalmis jubilemus343 ei. (3) Quoniam Deus magnus Dominus, et rex magnus super omnes deos. (4) Quia in manu ejus sunt omnes fines terrae et altitudines344 montium ipsius sunt. (5) Quoniam ipsius est mare, et ipse fecit illud, et siccam345 manus ejus formaverunt.346

ipsi: they, i.e., David’s enemies vanum, -ī (n.) vain, vainness 326 quaerō, -ere, quaesīvī (quaesiī), -sītum seek 327 introeō, -īre, -īvi (-iī) go into 328 inferior, inferius lower 329 *pars, partis (f.) part, portion 330 vulpēs, vulpis (f.) fox 331 laetor (1) rejoice 332 jūrō (1) swear 333 The quia clause is in apposition to eo. 334 obstruō, -ere, obstruxī, obstructum close, shut 335 inīquus, -a, -um unjust, evil, wicked 336 Laus cantici ipsi David: “Praise of a canticle for David himself” (DR) 337 canticum, -ī (n.) song, canticle 338 jūbilō (1) rejoice 339 salūtāre, -āris (n.) health, salvation 340 noster, nostra, nostrum our 341 praeoccupō (1) come before 342 confessiō, -ōnis (f.) confession, praise 343 jūbilō (1) rejoice 344 altitūdō, -inis (f.) height 345 sicca, -ae (f.) dry land 346 formō (1) form, make 324 325

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(6) Venite, adoremus, et procidamus,347 et ploremus348 ante Dominum qui fecit nos, (7) quia ipse est Dominus Deus noster, et nos populus pascuae349 ejus et oves manus ejus. (8) Hodie350 si vocem351 ejus audieritis, nolite352 obdurare353 corda vestra,354 (9) sicut in irritatione355 secundum diem temptationis356 in deserto, ubi temptaverunt357 me patres vestri, probaverunt358 me, et viderunt opera mea. (10) Quadraginta359 annis offensus fui360 generationi illi, et dixi, “Semper361 hi errant362 corde, et isti non cognoverunt363 vias meas,” et juravi364 in furore365 meo ut non introirent366 in requiem367 meam.

VII. PSALM 99 (100) 1. Psalmus in confessione.368 (2) Jubilate369 Deo,370 omnis terra. Servite371 Domino in laetitia.372 Introite373 in conspectu ejus in exsultatione.374 (3) prōcidō, -ere, procidī fall, fall down, fall forward plōrō (1) weep, lament 349 pascua, -ae (f.) pasture 350 *hodiē (adv.) today 351 vox, vōcis (f.) voice 352 nōlō, nolle, nōluī not wish; don’t (imperative) 353 obdūrō (1) harden 354 *vester, vestra, vestrum your (pl.) 355 irrītātiō, -ōnis (f.) irritation, provocation; the “provocation” refers to the disobedience of Israel when the people wandered in the desert for forty years after leaving Egypt. 356 temptātiō (tentātiō), -ōnis (f.) temptation 357 *temptō (tentō) (1) test, try, attempt 358 probō (1) prove, test 359 quadrāgintā forty 360 offendō, -ere, offendī, offensum offend; offensus fui = offensus sum 361 *semper (adv.) always 362 errō (1) wander, stray 363 *cognoscō, -ere, -nōvī, -nitum know 364 *jūrō (1) swear; et … meam follows the Hebrew version. 365 furōr, -ōris (m.) anger, rage 366 introeō, -īre, -īvī (-iī) go into 367 requiēs, -ētis (acc. requiem) (f.) rest 368 confessiō, -ōnis (f.) confession, praise; in confessione: of praise 369 *jūbilō (1) rejoice 347 348

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Scitote375 quoniam Dominus ipse est Deus. Ipse fecit nos, et non ipsi nos. Populus376 ejus et oves pascuae377 ejus. (4) Introite portas378 ejus in confessione,379 atria380 ejus in hymnis.381 Confitemini382 illi. Laudate nomen ejus, (5) quoniam suavis383 est Dominus. In aeternum384 misericordia ejus et usque385 in generationem et generationem veritas386 ejus.

VIII. PSALM 122 (123) 1. Canticum387 graduum.388 Ad te levavi389 oculos390 meos qui habitas in caelis. (2) Ecce! sicut oculi391 servorum in manibus dominorum suorum, sicut oculi

Deo is a dative of reference. *serviō, -īre (+ dat.) serve 372 *laetitia, -ae (f.) happiness, gladness 373 *introeō, -īre, -īvī (-iī) go into 374 exsultātiō (exultātiō), -ōnis (f.) exultation 375 Scitote is a future imperative plural of sciō. 376 Populus …pascuae ejus: understand sumus. 377 pascua, -ae (f.) pasture 378 porta, -ae (f.) gate 379 *confessiō, -ōnis (f.) confession, praise; in confessione: with praise 380 ātrium, -iī (n.) atrium, court, hall 381 hymnus, -ī (m.) hymn; in hymnis: with hymns 382 confiteor, -ērī, confessus sum confess, trust in, give thanks to 383 suāvis, -e sweet 384 aeternum, -ī (n.) eternity; in aeternum … ejus: “His mercy endureth for ever, and his truth to generation and generation” (DR). 385 usque (adv.) all the way 386 vēritās, -ātis (f.) truth 387 canticum, -ī (n.) song, canticle; canticum graduum: “A gradual canticle” (DR). Gradual canticles are also called Songs of Ascent or Psalms of the Steps. They seem to have been sung in a procession to Jerusalem or while the people climbed up the steps of the temple itself. 388 gradus, -ūs (m.) step, degree 389 levō (1) raise, lift up 390 *oculus, -ī (m.) eye 391 Understand sunt here and in the next two clauses. 370 371

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ancillae392 in manibus dominae393 suae, ita oculi nostri ad Dominum Deum nostrum, donec394 misereatur nostri. (3) Miserere nostri, Domine, miserere nostri, quia multum395 repleti sumus despectione,396 (4) quia multum397 repleta est anima nostra; opprobrium398 abundantibus399 et despectio400 superbis.401

IX. PSALM 129 (130) 1. Canticum402 graduum.403 De profundis404 clamavi ad te, Domine. (2) Domine, exaudi405 vocem406 meam. Fiant aures407 tuae intendentes408 in vocem deprecationis409 meae. (3) Si iniquitates observaveris,410 Domine, Domine, quis sustinebit?411 (4) Quia apud te propitiatio412 est. Et propter legem413 tuam sustinui414 te, Domine. Sustinuit415 anima mea in verbo ejus. *ancilla, -ae (f.) handmaid domina, -ae (f.) mistress 394 dōnec (conj.) until, before; donec misereatur nostri: until he pities us (subjunctive showing expectancy, A&G 553) 395 multum (adv.) greatly, very much 396 dēspectiō, -ōnis contempt 397 multum (adv.) greatly, very much 398 opprobrium [sumus] … superbis: [we are] an object of reproach to the rich and an object of contempt to the proud 399 abundō (1) abound, be rich 400 dēspectiō, -ōnis (f.) contempt 401 superbus, -a, -um proud 402 *canticum, - ī (n.) song, canticle 403 gradus, -ūs (m) step, degree 404 profundum, -ī (n.) depth 405 *exaudiō, -īre, -īvī (-iī), -itum hear favorably 406 *vox, vōcis (f.) voice 407 auris, auris (f.) ear 408 intendō, -ere, intendī, intentum (intensum) listen to, be attentive 409 dēprecātiō, -ōnis (f.) prayer 410 observō (1) observe 411 sustineō, -ēre, -tinuī, -tentum endure, wait for 412 propitiātiō, -ōnis (f.) appeasement, atonement 413 lex, lēgis (f.) law 414 sustineō, -ēre, -tinuī, -tentum endure, wait for 415 Sustinuit … ejus: “My soul hath relied on his word” (DR). 392 393

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(5) Speravit416 anima mea in Domino. (6) A custodia417 matutina418 usque419 ad noctem speret Israel in Domino, (7) quia apud420 Dominum misericordia, et copiosa421 apud eum redemptio.422 (8) Et ipse redimet423 Israel ex omnibus iniquitatibus ejus.

IX. PSALM 138 (139) (1) In finem Psalmus David. (2) Domine, probasti424 me et cognovisti me. Tu cognovisti sessionem425 meam et resurrectionem426 meam. (3) Intellexisti427 cogitationes428 meas de longe.429 Semitam430 meam et funiculum431 meum investigasti.432 (4) Et omnes vias meas praevidisti,433 quia non est sermo in lingua434 mea. (5) Ecce, Domine, tu cognovisti omnia, novissima435 et antiqua.436 Tu formasti437 me, et posuisti super me manum tuam. (6)

*spērō (1) hope custōdia, -ae (f.) custody, watch 418 mātūtīnus, -a, -um morning 419 *usque (adv.) all the way 420 apud (prep. + acc.) with, in the presence of 421 cōpiōsus, -a, -um plentiful 422 redemptiō, -ōnis (f.) redemption 423 redimō, -ere, -ēmī, -emptum redeem 424 *probō (1) prove, test 425 sessiō, -ōnis sitting down 426 resurrectiō, -ōnis (f.) getting up, arising 427 intellegō, -ere, -lexī, -lectum perceive, understand 428 cōgitātiō, -ōnis (f.) thought 429 longē (adv.) far, from afar 430 sēmita, -ae (f.) path 431 fūniculus, -ī (m.) line; the Hebrew text has accubitionem, lying down. 432 investīgō (1) search out 433 praevideō, -ēre, -vīdī, -vīsum see before, foresee 434 *lingua, -ae (f.) tongue 435 *novus, -a, -um new; novissimus, -a, -um newest, last; tu … antiqua: you have known all things, the newest and the ancient 436 antīquus, -a, -um old, ancient 437 formō (1) form, make 416 417

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Mirabilis438 facta est scientia439 tua ex me; confortata est,440 non potero441 ad eam. (7) Quo ibo442 a spiritu tuo, et quo a facie tua fugiam? (8) Si ascendero in caelum, tu illic443 es. Si descendero in infernum,444 ades. (9) Si sumpsero445 pennas446 meas diluculo,447 et habitavero in extremis448 maris, (10) etenim449 illuc450 manus tua deducet451 me et tenebit452 me dextera453 tua. (11) Si454 dicam, “Tenebrae saltem455 operient456 me, et nox instar457 lucis circumdabit me.” (12) Ipsae tenebrae non erunt obscurae458 tibi. Et nox sicut dies lucebit.459 Caligo460 est tibi sicut lux. (13) Quia tu possedisti461 renes462 meos, suscepisti me de utero463 matris meae. 438 mīrābilis, -e wonderful; Mirabilis … eam: Your knowledge concerning me is wonderful; it it very strong; I cannot attain it. 439 scientia, -ae (f.) knowledge 440 confortō (1) grow strong, become very strong (here passive as refl./mid.) 441 Understand some verb meaning “to reach.” 442 *eo, īre, iī (īvī), itum go 443 illic (adv.) there 444 infernus, -ī (m.) underworld, Hades, Hell 445 sūmō, -ere, sumpsī, sumptum take up 446 penna, -ae (f.) feather, wing, flight 447 dīlūculō (adv.) early, in the morning 448 extrēmus, -a, -um extreme, last, farthest; farther places (n. as subst.) 449 etenim (conj.) for 450 *illūc (adv.) there, thither 451 dēdūcō, -ere, -duxī, -ductum lead, lead down 452 teneō, -ēre, -uī, tentum hold 453 dextera, -ae right hand 454 Verses 11-12 follow The Hours of the Divine Office in English and Latin (Collegeville, Minn.: The Liturgical Press, 1964). 455 saltem (adv.) at least, anyhow, surely 456 operiō, -īre, -uī, opertum cover 457 instar (noun + gen.) like (lit., the image of) 458 obscūrus, -a, -um dark 459 *lūceō, -ēre, lūxī shine 460 cālīgō, -inis (f.) mist, darkness 461 possideō, -ēre, -sēdī, -sessum possess 462 rēnēs, rēnum (m. pl.) kidneys, loins; inmost thoughts 463 *uterus, -ī (m.) womb

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(14) Confiteor464 tibi quia terribiliter465 magnificatus es.466 Mirabilia467 opera tua, et anima mea cognoscit nimis. (15) Non est occultatum468 os meum a te quod fecisti in occulto,469 et substantia470 mea in inferioribus471 terrae. (16) Actus472 meos viderunt oculi tui, et in libro473 tuo scripti sunt474 omnes; dies sunt definiti,475 priusquam476 esset vel477 unus ex eis. (17) Mihi autem nimis honorificati sunt478 amici479 tui, Deus, nimis confortatus est480 principatus481 eorum. (18) Dinumerabo482 eos, et super harenam483 multiplicabuntur. Exsurrexi,484 et adhuc sum tecum. (19) Si occideris,485 Deus, peccatores;486 viri sanguinum,487 declinate488 a me. (20) Qui contradicent489 tibi scelerate490 elati *confiteor, -ērī, confessus sum confess, trust in, give thanks to terribiliter (adv.) fearfully, wonderfully 466 magnificō (1) magnify, glorify 467 mīrābilis, -e wonderful 468 occultō (1) hide; Non est … occulto: My bone, which you have made in secret places, is not hidden from you. 469 occultum, -ī (n.) hidden thing, secret 470 *substantia, -ae (f.) substance, goods 471 inferior, inferius lower 472 actus, -ūs (m.) act; Actus … eis: Your eyes have seen my acts, and in Your book they are all written; my days were determined before there was even one of them. (Verse 16 follows The Hours of the Divine Office in English and Latin (Collegeville, Minn.: The Liturgical Press, 1964.) 473 liber, librī (m.) book 474 scrībō, -ere, scripsī, scriptum write 475 dēfīniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītum determine 476 priusquam (conj.) before 477 *vel (conj. or adv.) or, even 478 honōrificō (1) honor, glorify 479 amīcus, -ī (m.) friend 480 *confortō (1) grow strong, become very strong (here passive as refl./mid.) 481 principātus, -ūs (m.) principality, rule 482 dīnumerō (1) number 483 harēna (arēna), -ae (f.) sand 484 exsurgō (exurgō), -ere, exsurrexī, exsurrectum arise 485 si … peccatores: if only you will kill sinners, God 486 *peccātor, -ōris (m.) sinner 487 sanguis, -guinis (m.) blood, bloodshed 488 dēclīnō (1) go aside 464 465

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sunt491 frustra adversarii492 tui. (21) Nonne qui493 oderunt494 te, Domine, oderam? Et super inimicos495 tuos tabescebam.496 (22) Perfecto497 odio498 oderam illos, et inimici499 facti sunt mihi. (23) Proba me, Deus, et scito cor meum. Interroga500 me, et cognosce semitas501 meas, (24) et vide si via iniquitatis in me est, et deduc me in via aeterna.502

X. PSALM 150 (1) Alleluja.503 Laudate Dominum in sanctis504 ejus. Laudate eum in firmamento virtutis505 ejus. Laudate eum in506 virtutibus ejus. Laudate eum secundum multitudinem507 magnitudinis508 ejus. Laudate eum in sono509 tubae.510 Laudate eum in psalterio511 et cithara.512 (4) Laudate eum in tympano513 et choro.514 Laudate eum

contrādīcō, -ere, -dixī, -dictum contradict, resist. This verse follows the Hebrew version. 490 scelerātē (adv.) wickedly 491 efferō, efferre, extulī, ēlātum carry out, bear, lift up 492 adversārius, -iī (m.) adversary, enemy 493 qui: [those] who 494 *ōdī, odisse hate (perfect as present) 495 inimīcus, -a, -um hostile; enemy (m. as subst.) 496 tābescō, -ere, tābūī pine away 497 perfectus, -a, -um perfect, complete 498 odium, -iī (n.) hate 499 *inimīcus, -a, -um hostile; enemy (m. as subst.) 500 interrogō (1) ask 501 *sēmita, -ae (f.) path 502 aeternus, -a, -um eternal 503 allēlūja alleluia (praise Jehovah) 504 *sanctum, -ī (n.) holy place, sanctuary, temple 505 *virtus, -ūtis (f.) virtue, strength, power 506 in virtutibus ejus: “for his mighty deeds” (DR) 507 multitūdō, -inis (f.) multitude 508 magnitūdō, -inis (f.) magnitude, greatness 509 sonus, -ī (m.) sound; in sono: with the sound 510 tuba, -ae (f.) trumpet 511 psaltērium, -iī (n.) psaltery (stringed instrument like a lute) 512 cithara, -ae (f.) harp 513 tympanum, -ī (n.) drums, timbrel 514 chorus, -ī (m.) choir, chorus 489

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in chordis515 et organo.516 (5) Laudate eum in cymbalis517 bene518 sonantibus.519 Laudate eum in cymbalis jubilationis.520 (6) Omnis spiritus laudet Dominum. Alleluja.521

chorda, -ae (f.) stringed instruments organum, -ī (n.) organ 517 cymbalum, -ī (n.) cymbal 518 bene (adv.) well 519 sonō, -āre, sonuī, sonitum sound, resound 520 jūbilatiō, -ōnis (f.) jubitation, rejoicing 521 allēlūja alleluia! (praise Jehovah) 515 516

WISDOM LITERATURE AND THE PROPHETS

I. WISDOM’S INVITATION (PROVERBS 9) (1) Sapientia1 aedificavit sibi domum. Excidit2 columnas3 septem. (2) Immolavit4 victimas5 suas, miscuit6 vinum,7 et proposuit8 mensam9 suam. (3) Misit ancillas suas ut10 vocarent ad arcem11 et ad moenia12 civitatis. (4) “Si quis13 est parvulus,14 veniat ad me.” Et sapientia, -ae (f.) wisdom; here Sapientia is being personified. excīdō, -ere -cīdī, -cīsum cut down, hew out 3 columna, -ae (f.) column, pillar; some consider the seven pillars to represent columns holding up the earth. 4 immolō (1) sacrifice 5 victima, -ae (f.) victim, sacrificial victim 6 misceō, -ēre, -uī, mixtum mix, mingle 7 *vinum, -ī (n.) wine 8 prōponō, -ere, -posuī, -positum place over, set (a table 9 mensa, -ae (f.) table 10 Take ut … civitatis as a purpose or jussive noun clause. 11 arx, arcis (f.) fortress, citadel 12 moenia, -ium (n. pl.) walls, ramparts 13 aliquis, aliquid (quis, quid, after si, nisi, num, and ne) anyone/thing 14 parvulus, -a, -um small, little, lowly; infant (m./f. as subst.) 1 2

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insipientibus15 locuta est, (5) “Venite, comedite16 panem meum, et bibite vinum quod miscui17 vobis. (6) Relinquite infantiam,18 et vivite, et ambulate19 per20 vias prudentiae.21 (7) Qui erudit22 derisorem23 ipse injuriam24 sibi facit, et qui arguit25 impium, sibi maculam26 generat.27 (8) Noli28 arguere29 derisorem,30 ne oderit te. Argue sapientem et diliget31 te. (9) Da sapienti occasiorem,32 et addetur33 ei sapientia.34 Doce35 justum,36 et festinabit37 accipere. (10) “Principium38 sapientiae timor39 Domini, et scientia40 sanctorum41 prudentia.42 (11) Per43 me enim multiplicabuntur dies tui, et addentur44 tibi anni vitae. (12) Si45 sapiens fueris, tibimet46 ipsi eris; si autem illusor,47 solus portabis48 malum.” insipiens, -entis foolish, fool (m. as subst.) comedō, -ere, (-esse), -ēdī, -ēsum (-estum) eat with, eat together 17 misceō, -ēre, -uī mix, mingle 18 infantia, -ae (f.) childhood, infancy 19 ambulō (1) walk 20 per (prep. + acc.) through, throughout 21 prūdentia, -ae (f.) wisdom, prudence 22 ērudiō, -īre, -iī (-īvī) -ītum instruct, teach 23 dērisor, -ōris (m.) scorner, scoffer 24 injūria, -ae (f.) injury, harm 25 arguō, -ere, -uī, -ūtum rebuke, reprove 26 macula, -ae (f.) stain, blot 27 generō (1) produce 28 nōlō, nolle, nōluī not wish; don’t (imperative) 29 arguō, -ere, -uī, -ūtum rebuke, reprove 30 dērisor, -ōris (m.) scorner, scoffer 31 *deligō, -ere, -lexī, -lectum love 32 occāsiō, -ōnis (f.) occasion, opportunity, pretext, fault 33 addō, -ere, -didī, -ditum add 34 *sapientia, -ae (f.) wisdom 35 doceō, -ēre, -uī, -doctum teach 36 justus, -a, -um just; just person (m. as subst.) 37 festinō (1) hurry 38 principium, -i (n.) beginning; understand an est. 39 timor, -ōris (m.) fear 40 scientia, -ae (f.) knowledge; scientia … prudential: the knowledge of holy things [is] prudence 41 *sanctus, -a, -um holy 42 prūdentia, -ae (f.) wisdom, prudence 43 *per (prep. + acc.) through, throughout 44 *addō, -ere, -didī, -ditum add 15 16

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(13) Mulier stulta49 et clamosa,50 plenaque illecebris51 et nihil52 omnino53 sciens (14) sedit in foribus54 domus suae super sellam55 in excelso56 urbis57 loco (15) ut vocaret transeuntes58 per viam et pergentes itinere59 suo. (16) “Qui est parvulus,60 declinet61 ad me,” et vecordi62 locuta est, (17) “Aquae furtivae63 dulciores64 sunt et panis absconditus65 suavior.” (18) Et ignoravit66 quod ibi sint gigantes67 et in profundis68 inferni69 convivae70 ejus.

II. PROPHECY OF THE MESSIAH (ISAIAH 11:1-10) (1) Et egredietur virga71 de radice72 Jesse et flos73 de radice ejus ascendet. (2) Et requiescet74 super eum spiritus Domini, spiritus Si … malum: if you will be wise, you will be so for yourself (for your own good); if you will be a mocker, you alone will bear the trouble 46 -met (an intensifier) 47 illūsor, -ōris (m.) mocker, scoffer 48 portō (1) carry 49 *stultus, -a, -um stupid 50 clāmōsus, -a, -um loud, contentious, clamoring 51 illecebra (inlecebra), -ae (f.) enticement, allurement 52 nihil (n.) nothing 53 omnīnō (adv.) at all 54 foris, foris (f.) door 55 sella, -ae (f.) seat, chair 56 excelsus, -a, -um lofty, high 57 *urbs, urbis (f.) city 58 transeō, -īre, -īvī (-iī), -itum cross over, pass by 59 iter, itineris (n.) path, way, trip 60 *parvulus, -a, -um small, little, lowly; infant (m./f. as subst.) 61 *dēclīnō (1) go aside 62 vēcors, -ordis (adj.) foolish; fool (m. as subst.) 63 furtīvus, -a, -um stolen 64 dulcis, -e sweet 65 absconditus, -a, -um hidden 66 *ignōrō (1) be ignorant of, not know 67 gigās, gigantis (m.) giant 68 profundum, -ī (n.) depth 69 infernus, -ī (m.) underworld, Hades, Hell 70 convīva, -ae (m./f.) guest 71 virga, -ae (f.) rod 72 rādix, rādīcis (f.) root, base 45

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sapientiae et intellectus,75 spiritus consilii et fortitudinis,76 spiritus scientiae et pietatis.77 (3) Et replebit eum spiritus timoris78 Domini. Non secundum visionem79 oculorum judicabit,80 neque secundum auditum81 aurium82 arguet.83 (4) Sed judicabit84 in justitia pauperes,85 et arguet in aequitate86 pro87 mansuetis88 terrae, et percutiet terrram virga89 oris sui, et spiritu labiorum suorum interficiet impium. (5) Et erit justitia cingulum90 lumborum91 ejus, et fides92 cinctorium93 renum94 ejus. (6) Habitabit lupus95 cum agno,96 et pardus97 cum haedo98 accubabit.99 Vitulus,100 et leo, et ovis simul101 morabuntur,102 et puer parvulus minabit103 eos. Vitulus et ursus pascentur, simul flōs, flōris (m.) flower *requiescō, -ere, -quiēvī, -quiētum rest 75 intellectus, -ūs (m.) wisdom, understanding 76 fortitūdō, -inis (f.) strength, power 77 pietās, -ātis (f.) goodness, piety, holiness 78 timor, -ōris (m.) fear 79 vīsiō, -ōnis (f.) sight 80 jūdicō (1) judge 81 audītus, -ūs (m.) hearing 82 auris, auris (f.) ear 83 *arguō, -ere, -uī, -ūtum rebuke, reprove 84 *jūdicō (1) judge 85 *pauper, pauperis poor; poor person (m. as subst.) 86 aequitās, -ātis (f.) fairness, equity 87 prō (prep. + abl.) for, on behalf of 88 mansuētus, -a, -um meek, humble 89 *virga, -ae (f.) rod 90 cingulum, -ī (n.) or cingulus, -ī (m.) girdle, belt 91 lumbus, -ī (m.) loins, middle 92 fidēs, fidēī (f.) faith, faithfulness 93 cinctōrium, -iī (n.) swordbelt, girdle, 94 rēnēs, rēnum (m. pl.) kidneys, loins; inmost thoughts 95 lupus, -ī (m.) wolf 96 agnus, -ī (m.) lamb 97 pardus, -ī (m.) leopard 98 haedus, -ī (m.) young goat, kid 99 accumbō, -ere, -cubuī, -cubitum lie down with 100 *vitulus, -ī (m.) bull, calf 101 simul (adv.) at the same time, together 102 moror (1) delay, stay 103 minō (1) drive, lead 73 74

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requiescent catuli104 eorum, et leo quasi bos comedet paleas.105 (8) Et delectabitur106 infans107 ab ubere108 super foramine109 aspidis,110 et in caverna111 reguli112 qui ablactatus113 fuerit manum suam mittet. (9) Non nocebunt114 et non occident in universo monte sancto meo, quia repleta est terra scientia Domini sicut aquae maris operientes.115 (10) In die illa radix116 Jesse, qui stat in signum117 populorum, ipsum gentes118 deprecabuntur,119 et erit sepulchrum120 ejus gloriosum.121

III. THE FIERY FURNACE DANIEL 3:1-23 AND 91-99 (1) Nabuchodonosor122 rex fecit statuam123 auream,124 altitudine125 cubitorum126 sexaginta,127 latitudine128 cubitorum sex, et statuit129 catulus, -ī (m.) cub, whelp, young one palea, -ae (f.) straw 106 dēlectō (1) cause pleasure; be delighted, take delight (passive as refl./mid.) 107 infans, infantis (m./f.) infant 108 ūber, -eris (n.) breast 109 forāmen, -minis (n.) hole 110 aspis, aspidis (f.) asp, adder 111 caverna, -ae (f.) cavern 112 rēgulus, -ī (m.) serpent 113 ablactō (1) wean; qui ablactus fuerit: the one who has been weened, a weened child 114 noceō, -ēre, -uī harm 115 operiō, -īre, -uī cover; aquae maris operientes: “the covering waters of the sea” (DR) 116 *rādix, -īcis (f.) root, base 117 *signum, -ī (n.) sign; in signum: for a sign 118 *gens, gentis (f.) family, nation; in pl. often “Gentiles” 119 dēprecor (1) beseech, beg 120 sepulchrum, -ī (n.) tomb, sepulcher 121 glōriōsus, -a, -um glorious 122 Nabuchodonosor (m.) Nebuchadnezzar (became King of Babylon in 605 B.C.) 123 statua, -ae (f.) statue 124 aureus, -a, -um gold 125 *altitūdō, -inis (f.) height 126 cubitus, -ī (m.) or cubitum, -ī (n.) cubit (about 1 ½ feet) 127 sexāgintā sixty 104 105

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eam in campo130 Dura,131 provinciae132 Babylonis.133 (2) Itaque Nabuchodonosor rex misit ad congregandos satrapas,134 magistratus,135 et judices,136 duces,137 et tyrannos,138 et praefectos139 omnesque principes regionum140 ut convenirent141 ad dedicationem142 statuae143 quam erexerat144 Nabuchodonosor rex. (3) Tunc congregati sunt satrapae,145 magistratus,146 et judices,147 duces,148 et tyranni,149 et optimates150 qui erant in potestatibus151 constituti, et universi principes regionum ut convenirent152 ad dedicationem153 statuae154 quam erexerat155 Nabuchodonosor rex. Stabant autem in conspectu rex.

lātitūdō, -inis breadth statuō, -ere, -uī, -ūtum cause to stand, establish 130 campus, -ī (m.) field, plain 131 Dura Dura (a place in Babylon) 132 prōvincia, -ae (f.) province 133 Babylōn, -ōnis (f.) Babylon 134 satrapēs, -is (satrapae, -ārum, pl.) (m.) satrap (a Babylonian official) 135 magistrātus, -ūs (m.) magistrate 136 jūdex, jūdicis (m.) judge 137 dux, ducis (m.) leader 138 tyrannus, -ī (m.) ruler 139 praefectus, -ī (m.) overseer, commander, governor 140 *regiō, -ōnis (f.) region 141 conveniō, -īre, -vēnī, ventum come together, meet 142 dēdicātiō, -ōnis (f.) dedication 143 statua, -ae (f.) statue 144 ērigō, -ere, ērexī, ērectum set up, erect 145 satrapēs, -is (satrapae, -ārum, pl.) (m.) satrap (a Babylonian official) 146 magistrātus, -ūs (m.) magistrate 147 *jūdex, jūdicis (m.) judge 148 dux, ducis (m.) leader 149 tyrannus, -ī (m.) ruler 150 optimātēs, -um (m. pl.) aristocrats 151 *potestās, -ātis (f.) power 152 *conveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventum come together, meet 153 dēdicātiō, -ōnis (f.) dedication 154 *statua, -ae (f.) statue 155 ērigō, -ere, ērexī, ērectum set up, erect 128 129

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(4) Et praeco156 clamabat valenter,157 “Vobis dicitur populis, tribubus,158 et linguis: In hora159 qua audieritis sonitum160 tubae,161 et fistulae,162 et citharae,163 sambucae,164 et psalterii,165 et symphoniae,166 et universi generis musicorum,167 cadentes adorate statuam auream168 quam constituit Nabuchodonosor rex. (6) Si quis169 autem non prostratus170 adoraverit eadem hora171 mittetur in fornacem172 ignis173 ardentis.174 (7) Post haec igitur statim175 ut audierunt omnes populi sonitum176 tubae,177 fistulae,178 et citharae,179 sambucae,180 et psalterii,181 et symphoniae,182 et omnis generis musicorum,183 cadentes omnes populi, tribus184 et linguae adoraverunt statuam auream quam constituerat Nabuchodonosor rex. praecō, -ōnis (m.) herald valenter (adv.) strongly 158 tribus, -ūs (tribubus, dat. and abl. pl.) (f.) tribe 159 hōra, -ae (f.) hour 160 auditus, -ūs (m.) hearing 161 tuba, -ae (f.) trumpet 162 fistula, -ae (f.) pipes, flute 163 cithara, -ae (f.) harp 164 sambūca, -ae (f.) sackbut (a musical instrument like a small harp) 165 psaltērium, -iī (n.) psaltery (stringed instrument like a lute) 166 symphōnia, -ae (f.) music, symphony 167 mūsica, -ōrum (n. pl.) music 168 *aureus, -a, -um gold 169 aliquis, aliguid (quis, quid after si, nisi, num or ne) anyone/thing 170 prostrātus, -a, -um prostrate 171 hōra, -ae (f.) hour 172 fornax, -ācis (f.) furnace, oven 173 *ignis, ignis (m.) fire 174 ardeō, -ēre, arsī, arsum burn 175 statim (adv.) immediately; statim ut: as soon as 176 sonitus, -ūs (m.) sound 177 *tuba, -ae (f.) trumpet 178 fistula, -ae (f.) pipes, flute 179 *cithara, -ae (f.) harp 180 sambūca, -ae (f.) sackbut (a musical instrument like a small harp) 181 *psalterium, -iī (n.) psaltery (stringed instrument like a lute) 182 symphōnia, -ae (f.) music, symphony 183 mūsica, -ōrum (n. pl.) music 184 tribus, -ūs (tribubus, dat. and abl. pl.) (f.) tribe 156 157

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(8) Statimque185 in ipso tempore accedentes186 viri Chaldaei accusaverunt187 Judaeos.188 (9) Dixeruntque Nabuchodonosor regi, “Rex in aeternum189 vive! (10) Tu, Rex, posuisti decretum190 ut omnis homo qui audierit sonitum191 tubae, fistulae,192 et citharae, sambucae193 et psalterii, et symphoniae,194 et universi generis musicorum195 prosternat196 se et adoret statuam auream. (11) Si quis197 autem non procidens198 adoraverit, mittatur ad fornacem199 ignis ardentis.200 (12) Sunt ergo viri Judaei quos constituisti super opera regionis Babylonis, Sidrach,201 Misach,202 et Abdenago.203 Viri isti contempserunt,204 Rex, decretum205 tuum, deos tuos non colunt,206 et statuam auream quam erexisti207 non adorant.” (13) Tunc Nabuchodonosor in furore208 et in ira209 praecepit210 ut adducerentur211 Sidrach, Misach, et Abdenago, qui confestim212 statim (adv.) immediately accēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessum approach, come 187 accūsō (1) accuse 188 Jūdaeus, -a, -um Jewish; Jew (m. as aubst.) 189 *aeternum, -ī (n.) eternity 190 dēcrētum, -ī (n.) decree 191 sonitus, -ūs (m.) sound 192 *fistula, -ae (f.) pipes, flute 193 *sambūca, -ae (f.) sackbut (a musical instrument like a small harp) 194 *symphōnia, -ae (f.) music, symphony 195 *mūsica, -ōrum (n. pl.) music 196 prosternō, -ere, -strāvī, -strātum (+ se) prostrate oneself 197 *aliquis, aliquid (quis, quid after si, nisi, num or ne) anyone/thing 198 prōcidō, -ere, -cidī fall, fall down, fall forward 199 fornax, -ācis (f.) furnace, oven 200 *ardeō, -ēre, arsī, arsum burn 201 Sidrach (m.) Shadrach 202 Misach (m.) Meshach 203 Abdenago (m.) Abednego 204 contemnō, -ere, -tempsī, -temptum despise, slight 205 dēcrētum, -ī (n.) decree 206 colō, -ere, -uī, cultum worship 207 *ērigō, -ere, ērexī, ērectum set up, erect 208 furōr, -ōris (m.) anger, rage 209 īra, -ae (f.) anger 210 *praecipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum order 211 adducō, -ere, -duxī, -ductum bring to 212 confestim (adv.) immediately 185 186

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adducti sunt in conspectu regis. (14) Pronuntiansque213 Nabuchodonosor rex ait eis, “Verene214 Sidrach, Misach, et Abdenago, deos meos non colitis215 et statuam auream quam constitui non adoratis? (15) Nunc ergo si estis parati216 quacumque217 hora218 audieritis sonitum tubae, fistulae, citharae, sambucae, et psalterii, et symphoniae, omnisque generis musicorum, prosternite219 vos et adorate statuam quam feci. Quod si non adoraveritis, eadem hora mittemini in fornacem220 ignis ardentis. Et quis est Deus qui eripiet221 vos de manu mea?” (16) Respondentes Sidrach, Misach, et Abdenago dixerunt regi Nabuchodonosor, “Non oportet222 nos de hac re respondere tibi. Ecce! enim Deus noster quem colimus potest eripere223 nos de camino224 ignis ardentis et de manibus tuis, O Rex, liberare. (18) Quod si noluerit,225 notum tibi sit, Rex, quia deos tuos non colimus et statuam auream quam erexisti non adoramus.” (19) Tunc Nabuchodonosor repletus est furore,226 et aspectus227 faciei illius immutatus est228 super Sidrach, Misach, et Abdenago. Et praecepit ut succenderetur229 fornax septuplum230 quam succendi consueverat.231 (20) Et viris fortissimis232 de exercitu

prōnuntiō (1) declare, pronounce vērē (adv.) truly, really, indeed 215 *colō, -ere, -uī, cultum worship 216 parātus, -a, -um prepared 217 quīcumque, quaecumque, quodcumque whoever, whatever 218 *hora, -ae (f.) hour 219 prosternō, -ere, -strāvī, -strātum (+ se) prostrate oneself 220 *fornax, -ācis (f.) furnace, oven 221 ēripiō, -ere, ēripuī, ēreptum rescue, deliver 222 oportet, oportuit it is fitting 223 *ēripiō, -ere, ēripuī, ēreptum rescue, deliver 224 camīnus, -ī (m.) forge, oven 225 *nōlō, nolle, nōluī not wish; don’t (imperative) 226 *furōr, -ōris (m.) anger, rage 227 aspectus, -ūs (m.) countenance, face, appearance 228 immūtō (1) change, alter 229 succendō, -ere, -cendī, -censum set on fire, heat 230 septuplum, -ī (n.) seven times 231 consuescō, -ere, -suēvī, -suētum be accustomed 232 fortis, -e strong, brave 213 214

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suo jussit ut ligatis233 pedibus Sidrach, Misach, et Abdenago mitterent eos in fornacem ignis ardentis. (21) Et confestim234 viri illi vincti235 cum braccis236 suis, et tiaris,237 et calceamentis,238 et vestibus missi sunt in medium fornacis ignis ardentis. (22) Nam239 jussio240 regis urgebat.241 Fornax autem succensa242 erat nimis. Porro243 viros illos qui miserant Sidrach, Misach, et Abdenago interfecit flamma244 ignis. (23) Viri autem hi tres, id est, Sidrach, Misach, et Abdenago, ceciderunt in medio camino245 ignis ardentis colligati.246 (24) Et ambulabant in medio flammae247 laudantes Deum et benedicentes Domino. … (91) Tunc Nabuchodonosor rex obstupuit248 et surrexit propere249 et ait optimatibus250 suis, “Nonne251 tres viros misimus in medium ignis compeditos?”252 Qui respondentes regi dixerunt, “Vere,253 Rex.” (92) Respondit et ait, “Ecce! Ego video quattuor254 ligō (1) bind, tie confestim (adv.) immediately 235 vinctus, -a, -um bound 236 brācae, -ārum (f. pl.) pants, trousers 237 tiāra, -ae (f.) turban 238 calceāmentum, -ī (n.) sandal, shoe 239 *nam (conj.) for 240 jussiō, -ōnis (f.) order, command 241 urgeō, -ēre, ursī press, urge 242 succendō, -ere, -cendī, -censum set on fire, heat 243 *porrō (adv.) but, moreover, furthermore 244 flamma, -ae (f.) flame 245 camīnus, -ī (m.) forge, oven 246 collīgō (1) tie up, bind together. Verses 24-90 were not included in the Hebrew scriptures, although they are found in the Septuagint. They are considered deuterocanonical passages and are therefore not included in most Protestant translations. Verses 26-90 contain a long hymn, “The Song of the Three.” 247 *flamma, -ae (f.) flame 248 obstupescō, -ere, -uī be astonished 249 properē (adv.) quickly 250 optimātēs, -um (m. pl.) aristocrats 251 nonne (adv.) introduces a question expecting a “yes” answer 252 compediō, -īre, [no perfect active], compeditum bind 253 vērē (adv.) truly, really, indeed 254 quattuor four 233 234

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viros solutos255 et ambulantes256 in medio ignis, et nihil257 corruptionis258 in eis est, et species quarti259 similis filio Dei.” (93) Tunc accessit260 Nabuchodonosor ad ostium261 fornacis ignis ardentis et ait, “Sidrach, Misach, et Abdenago, servi Dei Excelsi,262 egredimini et venite.” Statimque263 egressi sunt Sidrach, Misach, et Abdenago de medio ignis. (94) Et congregati satrapae,264 et magistratus,265 et judices, et potentes266 regis contemplabantur267 viros illos quoniam nihil potestatis habuisset ignis in corporibus eorum, et capillus268 capitis eorum non esset adustus,269 et sarabara270 eorum non fuissent immutata,271 et odor272 ignis non transisset273 per eos. (95) Et erumpens274 Nabuchodonosor ait, “Benedictus275 Deus eorum, Sidrach, videlicet,276 Misach, et Abdenago, qui misit angelum277 suum et eruit servos suos qui crediderunt278 in eum, et solvō, -ere, solvī, solūtum loosen, untie *ambulō (1) walk 257 nihil (n.) nothing 258 corruptiō, -ōnis (f.) corruption, harm 259 *quartus, -a, -um fourth 260 accēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessum approach, come 261 ostium, -iī (n.) door 262 excelsus, -a, -um lofty, high 263 *statim (adv.) immediately 264 *satrapēs, -is (satrapae, -ārum, pl.) (m.) satrap (a Babylonian official ) 265 *magistrātus, -ūs (m.) magistrate 266 potens, -entis powerful; powerful man (m. as subst.) 267 contemplor (1) look at, consider 268 capillus, -ī (m.) hair 269 adūrō, -ere, -ussī, -ustum burn, singe 270 sarabāra (sarabāla), -ōrum (n. pl.) trousers (esp. baggy pants worn in the East) 271 immūtō (1) change, alter 272 odor, odōris (m.) smell, odor 273 *transeō, -īre, -īvī (-iī), -itum cross over, pass by 274 ērumpō, -ere, ērūpī, ēruptum break out, burst forth 275 benedictus, -a, -um blessed 276 vidēlicet (adv.) namely, that is; videlicet goes with Sidrach, Misach, and Abdenago. 277 angelus, -ī (m.) angel 278 crēdō, -ere, -didī, -ditum (+ dat.) believe, trust 255 256

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verbum regis immutaverunt,279 et tradiderunt corpora sua ne servirent et ne adorarent omnem deum excepto280 Deo suo. (96) A me ergo positum est hoc decretum281 ut omnis populus, et tribus,282 et lingua quaecumque283 locuta fuerit blasphemiam284 contra Deum Sidrach, Misach, et Abdenago, dispereat285 et domus ejus vastetur.286 Neque enim est alius Deus qui possit ita salvare.”287 (97) Tunc rex promovit288 Sidrach, Misach, et Abdenago in provincia289 Babylonis. (98) Nabuchodonosor rex omnibus populis gentibus, et linguis qui habitant in universa terra, “Pax290 vobis multiplicetur. (99) Signa et mirabilia291 fecit apud292 me Deus excelsus. Placuit293 ergo mihi praedicare294 signa ejus, quia magna sunt, et mirabilia ejus, quia fortia,295 et regnum ejus regnum296 sempiternum,297 et potestas ejus in generationem et generationem.”

IV. THE STORY OF DANIEL (DANIEL 4-6)298 (4:1) Ego, Nabuchodonosor, quietus eram in domo mea, et florens in palatio meo. (2) Sonium vidi quod perterruit me, et cogitationes meae in strato meo, et visiones capitis mei conturbaverunt me. *immūtō (1) change, alter excipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum take out, except 281 *dēcrētum, -ī (n.) decree 282 *tribus, -ūs (tribubus, dat. and abl. pl.) (f.) tribe 283 quīcumque, quaecumque, quodcumque whoever, whatever 284 blasphēmia, -ae blasphemy, insult 285 dispereō, -īre, -iī perish, be destroyed 286 vastō (1) destroy, lay waste 287 *salvō (1) save 288 prōmoveō, -ēre, -mōvī, -mōtum push forward, promote 289 prōvincia, -ae (f.) province 290 pax, pācis (f.) peace 291 *mīrābilis, -e wonderful 292 *apud (prep. + acc.) with, in the presence of 293 placeō, -ēre, -uī, -itum please 294 praedicō (1) proclaim 295 *fortis, -e strong, brave 296 *regnum, -ī (n.) kingdom 297 sempiternus, -a, -um eternal, everlasting; eternity (n. as subst.) 298 In the following sections the running vocabulary has not been supplied, although several notes are included for difficult passages. All words in these sections are included in the Dictionary at the back of the book. 279 280

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(3) Et per me propositum est decretum ut introducerentur in conspectu meo cuncti sapientes Babylonis et ut solutionem somnii indicarent mihi. (4) Tunc ingrediebantur harioli, magi, Chaldaei, et haruspices, et somnium narravi in conspectu eorum. Et solutionem ejus non indicaverunt mihi, (5) donec collega299 ingressus est in conspectu meo, Daniel, cui nomen Baltassar, secundum nomen300 dei mei, qui habet spiritum deorum sanctorum in semet ipso, et somnium coram ipso locutus sum: (6) “Baltassar, princeps hariolorum, quoniam ego scio quod spiritum sanctorum deorum habeas in te, et omne sacramentum non est impossibile tibi -- visiones somniorum meorum quas vidi et solutionem earum narra. (7) “Visio301 capitis mei in cubili meo: Videbam, et ecce! arbor302 in medio terrae, et altitudo ejus nimia. (8) Magna arbor et fortis, et proceritas ejus contingens caelum. Aspectus illius erat usque ad terminos universae terrae. (9) “Folia ejus pulcherrima, et fructus ejus nimius, et esca universorum in ea. Subter eam habitabant animalia et bestiae, et in ramis ejus conversabantur volucres caeli, et ex ea vescebatur omnis caro. (10) “Videbam in visione capitis mei super stratum meum, et ecce! vigil303 et sanctus de caelo descendit. (11) Clamavit fortiter et sic ait, ‘Succidite arborem et praecidite ramos ejus; excutite folia ejus et dispergite fructus ejus. Fugiant bestiae quae subter eam sunt et volucres de ramis ejus. (12) Verumtamen germen radicum ejus in terra sinite. Et alligetur304 vinculo ferreo et aereo in herbis quae foris sunt, et rore caeli tingatur, et cum feris pars ejus in herba terrae. (13) “‘Cor ejus ab humano commutetur, et cor ferae detur ei, et septem tempora305 mutentur super eum. (14) In sententia vigilum

collega: [their] colleague nomen: Bel was the name of one of the Babylonian gods. 301 visio: understand est. 302 arbor: here, as well as in some of the following phrases, understand an erat. 303 vigil et sanctus: “a watcher, and a holy one” (DR), i.e., an angel 304 alligetur: the subject seems to have shifted to Nabuchodonosor. 305 tempora apparently means “years” here. 299 300

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decretum est, et sermo sanctorum et petitio, donec306 cognoscant viventes quoniam dominatur Excelsus in regno hominum, et cuicumque voluerit debit illud, et humillimum hominem constituet super eum.’ (15) “Hoc somnium vidi ego, Nabuchodonosor rex. Tu ergo, Baltassar, interpretationem narra festinus, quia omnes sapientes regni mei non queunt solutionem edicere mihi. Tu autem potes, quia spiritus deorum sanctorum in te est.” (16) Tunc Daniel, cujus nomen Baltassar, coepit intra semet ipsum tacitus cogitare quasi una hora, et cogitationes ejus conturbabant eum. Respondens autem rex ait, “Baltassar, somnium et interpretatio ejus non conturbent te.” Respondit Baltassar et dixit, “Domine mi, somnium307 his qui te oderunt et interpretatio ejus hostibus tuis sit. (17) “Arborem308 quam vidisti sublimem atque robustam, cujus altitudo pertingit ad caelum, et aspectus illius in omnem terram, (18) et rami ejus pulcherrimi et fructus ejus nimius, et esca omnium in ea, subter eam habitantes bestiae agri, et in ramis ejus commorantes aves caeli (19) tu es, Rex, qui magificatus es, et invaluisti. Et magnitudo tua crevit, et pervenit usque ad caelum, et potestas tua in terminos universae terrae. (20) “Quod309 autem vidit rex vigilem et sanctum descendere de caelo et dicere, ‘Succidite arborem et dissipate illam, attamen germen radicum ejus in terra dimittite, et vinciatur310 ferro et aere in herbis foris, et rore caeli conspergatur, et cum feris sit pabulum ejus, donec septem tempora mutentur311 super eum.’ (21) “Haec est interpretatio sententiae Altissimi quae pervenit super dominum meum regem. (22) Ejicient te ab hominibus, et cum bestiis ferisque erit habitatio tua, et foenum ut bos comedes, et rore caeli infunderis, septem quoque tempora mutabuntur super te, 306 donec cognoscant viventes: until the living know (subjunctive of espectancy, A&G 553) 307 somnium … sit: may this dream be to those who hate you, and its interpretation be to your enemies. 308 arborem should be nominative and has been attracted into the case of quam. It is the predicate nominative for “tu es” in verse 19. (The tree … you are it….) 309 quod: as to the fact that (so also quod in verse 23) 310 vinciatur: the subject seems to shift to Nabuchodonosor. 311 mutentur super eum: “pass over him” (DR)

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donec scias quod dominetur Excelsus super regnum hominum et cuicumque voluerit det illud. (23) “Quod autem praecepit ut relinqueretur germen radicum ejus, id est arboris: regnum tuum tibi manebit, postquam cognoveris potestatem esse caelestem. (24) Quam ob rem,312 Rex, consilium meum placeat tibi, et peccata tua eleemosynis redime et iniquitates tuas misericordiis313 pauperum; forsitan ignoscet delictis tuis.” (25) Omnia haec venerunt super Nabuchodonosor regem. (26) Post finem mensium duodecim in aula Babylonis deambulabat. (27) Responditque rex et ait, “Nonne haec est Babylon magna, quam ego aedificavi in domum regni, in robore fortitudinis meae et in gloria decoris mei?” (28) Cumque sermo adhuc esset in ore regis, vox de caelo ruit, “Tibi dicitur, Nabuchodonosor Rex, regnum tuum transibit a te. (29) Et ab hominibus ejicient te, et cum bestiis et feris erit habitatio tua. Foenum quasi bos comedes, et septem tempora mutabuntur super te, donec scias quod dominetur Excelsus in regno hominum, et cuicumque voluerit det illud.” (30) Eadem hora sermo completus est super Nabuchodonosor, et ex hominibus abjectus est, et foenum ut bos comedit, et rore caeli corpus ejus infectum est, donec capilli ejus in similitudinem aquilarum crescerent et ungues ejus quasi avium. (31) Igitur post finem dierum ego, Nabuchodonosor oculos meos ad caelum levavi, et sensus meus redditus est mihi. Et Altissimo benedixi, et viventem in sempiternum laudavi, et glorificavi, quia potestas ejus potestas sempiterna, et regnum ejus in generationem et generationem. (32) Et omnes habitatores terrae apud eum in nihilum314 reputati sunt. Juxta voluntatem enim suam facit tam315 in virtutibus caeli quam in habitatoribus terrae, et non est qui resistat manui ejus, et dicat ei, “Quare fecisti?” (33) In ipso tempore sensus meus reversus est ad me, et ad honorem regni mei decoremque perveni. Et figura mea reversa est 312 313

(DR) 314 315

earth

Quam ob rem (often quamobrem): for which reason, for this reason misericordiis pauperum: “with works of mercy to the poor” in nihilum: as nothing tam … terrae: as much with the powers of heaven as with the inhabitants of

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ad me, et optimates mei, et magistratus mei requisierunt me, et in regno meo restitutus sum, et magnificentia amplior addita est mihi. (34) Nunc igitur ego, Nabuchodonosor, laudo, et magnifico, et glorifico regem caeli, quia316 omnia opera ejus vera, et viae ejus judicia, et gradientes317 in superbia potest humiliare. (5:1) Baltassar318 rex fecit grande convivium optimatibus suis mille, et unusquisque secundum suam bibebat aetatem. (2) Praecepit ergo jam temulentus ut afferrentur vasa aurea et argentea quae asportaverat Nabuchodonosor, pater ejus, de templo quod fuit in Jerusalem ut biberent in eis rex et optimates ejus, uxoresque ejus, et concubinae. (3) Tunc allata sunt vasa aurea et argentea quae asportaverat de templo quod fuerat in Jerusalem, et biberunt in eis rex et optimates ejus, uxores, et concubinae illius. (4) Bibebant vinum et laudabant deos suos aureos, et argenteos, aereos, ferreos, ligneosque, et lapideos. (5) In eadem hora apparuerunt digiti, quasi manus hominis scribentis contra candelabrum319 in superficie parietis aulae regiae, et rex aspiciebat articulos manus scribentis. (6) Tunc facies regis commutata est, et cogitationes ejus conturbabant eum, et compages320 renum ejus solvebantur, et genua ejus ad se invicem collidebantur. (7) Exclamavit itaque rex fortiter ut introducerent magos, Chaldaeos, et haruspices. Et proloquens rex ait sapientibus Babylonis, “Quicumque legerit scripturam hanc et interpretationem ejus manifestam mihi fecerit, purpura vestietur, et torquem auream habebit in collo, et tertius in regno meo erit. (8) Tunc ingressi omnes sapientes regis non potuerunt nec scripturam legere nec interpretationem indicare regi. (9) Unde rex Baltassar satis conturbatus est, et vultus illius immutatus est, sed et optimates ejus turbabantur.

316 quia…judicia: because all his works [are] true, and all his ways [are] wise judgments 317 gradientes in superbia: those who walk in pride 318 Baltassar, or Belteshazzar, was regent of Babylon while King Nabonius was absent. 319 contra candelabrum: across from the candlestand 320 campages … solvebantur: “the joints of his loins were loosened” (DR) (Jerome’s equivalent of “he grew sick in his stomach”?)

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(10) Regina autem pro321 re quae acciderat regi et optimatibus ejus domum322 convivii ingressa est, et proloquens ait, “Rex, in aeternum vive! Non te conturbent cogitationes tuae, neque facies tua immutetur. (11) “Est vir in regno tuo qui spiritum deorum sanctorum habet in se, et in diebus patris tui scientia et sapientia inventae sunt in eo. Nam et rex Nabuchodonosor, pater tuus, principem magorum, incantatorum, Chaldaeorum, et haruspicum constituit eum, pater, inquam, tuus, O Rex. (12) “Quia spiritus amplior, et prudentia, intelligentiaque, et interpretatio somniorum, et ostensio secretorum, ac solutio ligatorum inventae sunt in eo, hoc est in Daniele, cui rex posuit nomen Baltassar. Nunc itaque Daniel vocetur, et interpretationem narrabit.” (13) Igitur introductus est Daniel coram rege, ad quem praefatus rex ait, “Tu es Daniel de filiis captivitatis Judae, quem adduxit pater meus rex de Judaea? (14) Audivi de te, quoniam spiritum deorum habeas, et scientia, intelligentiaque, ac sapientia, ampliores inventae sunt in te. (15) “Et nunc introgressi sunt in conspectu meo sapientes magi ut scripturam hanc legerent et interpretationem ejus indicarent mihi, et nequiverunt sensum hujus sermonis edicere. (16) “Porro ego audivi de te quod possis obscura interpretari et ligata dissolvere. Si ergo vales scripturam legere et interpretationem ejus indicare mihi, purpura vestieris, et torquem auream circa collum tuum habebis, et tertius in regno meo princeps eris.” (17) Ad quae respondens Daniel ait coram rege, “Munera tua sint tibi, et dona domus tuae alteri da. Scripturam autem legam tibi, Rex, et interpretationem ejus ostendam tibi. (18) O Rex, Deus altissimus regnum et magnificentiam, gloriam, et honorem dedit Nabuchodonosor, patri tuo. (19) “Et propter magnificentiam quam dederat ei, universi populi, tribus, et linguae tremebant et metuebant eum. Quos volebat interficiebat; et quos volebat percutiebat; et quos volebat exaltabat; et quos volebat humiliabat.

321 322

pro re: because of the situation domum convivii: banquet hall

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(20) “Quando autem elevatum est cor ejus, et spiritus illius offirmatus est ad superbiam, depositus est de solio regni sui, et gloria ejus ablata est. (21) “Et a filiis hominum ejectus est, sed et cor ejus cum bestiis positum est, et cum onagris erat habitatio ejus. Foenum quoque ut bos comedebat, et rore caeli corpus ejus infectum est, donec cognosceret quod potestatem haberet Altissimus in regno hominum, et quemcumque voluerit, suscitabit super illud. (22) “Tu quoque filius ejus, Baltassar, non humiliasti cor tuum, cum scires haec omnia. (23) Sed adversum323 Dominatorem caeli elevatus es, et vasa domus ejus allata sunt coram te. Et tu, et optimates tui, et uxores tuae, et concubinae tuae vinum bibistis in eis. Deos quoque argenteos, et aureos, et aereos, ferreos, ligneosque, et lapideos, qui non vident, neque audiunt, neque sentiunt, laudasti. Porro Deum, qui habet flatum tuum in manu sua, et omnes vias tuas, non glorificasti. (24) “Idcirco ab eo missus est articulus manus quae scripsit hoc quod exaratum est. (25) Haec est autem scriptura quae digesta est: MANE, THECEL, PHARES.324 (26) “Et haec est interpretatio sermonis. MANE: numeravit Deus regnum tuum et complevit illud. (27) THECEL: appensus es in statera, et inventus es minus habens. (28) PHARES: divisum est regnum tuum, et datum est Medis et Persis.”325 (29) Tunc jubente rege indutus est Daniel purpura, et circumdata est torques aurea collo ejus. Et praedicatum est de eo quod haberet potestatem tertius in regno suo. (30) Eadem nocte interfectus est Baltassar, rex Chaldaeus. (31) Et Darius Medus successit in regnum, annos natus sexaginta duos. (6:1) Placuit Dario, et constituit super regnum satrapas centum viginti, ut essent in toto regno suo. (2) Et super eos principes tres, ex quibus Daniel unus erat, ut satrapae illis redderent rationem et rex non sustineret molestiam. 323 adversum … elevatus es: you elevated yourself against the ruler of Heaven. Take elevatus es as refl./mid. 324 MANE, THECEL, PHARES are three types of coins listed in order of descending value. The words literally mean “to number,” “to weigh,” and “to divide.” 325 In 550 the Persian Cyrus defeated the Medes. Later, in 539 B.C., he took over the Babylonian Empire. The exact identity of the Darius mentioned in verse 31 and in chaper 6 is not certain.

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(3) Igitur Daniel superabat omnes principes et satrapas, quia spiritus Dei amplior erat in illo. (4) Porro rex cogitabat constituere eum super omne regnum, unde principes et satrapae quaerebant occasionem ut invenirent Danieli ex326 latere regis. Nullamque causam et suspicionem reperire potuerunt, eo quod327 fidelis esset, et omnis culpa et suspicio non inveniretur in eo. (5) Dixerunt ergo viri illi, “Non inveniemus Danieli huic aliquam occasionem nisi forte in lege Dei sui.” Tunc principes et satrapae surripuerunt regi, et sic locuti sunt ei, “Dari Rex, in aeternum vive! (7) Consilium inierunt omnes principes regni tui, magistratus, et satrapae, senatores, et judices ut decretum imperatorium exeat et edictum, ut omnis qui petierit aliquam petitionem a quocumque deo et homine usque ad triginta dies, nisi a te, Rex, mittatur in lacum leonum. (8) Nunc itaque, Rex, confirma sententiam, et scribe decretum, ut non immutetur quod statutum est a Medis et Persis, nec praevaricari cuiquam liceat.” (9) Porro rex Darius proposuit edictum et statuit. (10) Quod,328 cum Daniel comperisset, id est, constitutam legem, ingressus est domum suam. Et fenestris apertis in cenaculo suo contra Jerusalem tribus temporibus in die flectebat genua sua et adorabat, confitebaturque coram Deo suo sicut et ante facere consueverat. (11) Viri ergo illi curiosius inquirentes invenerunt Danielem orantem et obsecrantem Deum suum. (12) Et accedentes locuti sunt regi super edicto. “Rex, numquid329 non constituisti ut omnis homo qui rogaret quemquam de diis et hominibus usque ad dies triginta, nisi te, Rex, mitteretur in lacum leonum?” Ad quos respondens rex ait, “Verus est sermo juxta decretum Medorum atque Persarum quod praevaricari non licet.” (13) Tunc respondentes dixerunt coram rege, “Daniel, de filiis captivitatis Juda, non curavit de lege tua et de edicto quod constituisti. Sed tribus temporibus per diem orat obsecratione sua.”

ex latere regis: “with regard to the king” (DR) eo quod: for the reason that, because; eo quod often takes the subjunctive. 328 Quod refers to contitutam [esse] legem: and this (quod), when Daniel discovered it, namely that the law had been be established 329 numquid non: did you not? 326 327

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(14) Quod verbum cum audisset rex, satis contristatus est, et pro Daniele posuit cor ut liberaret eum, et usque ad occasum solis laborabat ut erueret illum. (15) Viri autem illi, intelligentes regem, dixerunt ei, “Scito, Rex, quia lex Medorum atque Persarum est ut omne decretum quod constituerit rex, non liceat immutari.” (16) Tunc rex praecepit. Et adduxerunt Danielem, et miserunt eum in lacum leonum. Dixitque rex Danieli, “Deus tuus, quem colis semper, ipse liberabit te.” (17) Allatusque est lapis unus, et positus est super os laci, quem obsignavit rex anulo suo et anulo optimatum suorum ne quid fieret contra Danielem. (18) Et abiit rex in domum suam, et dormivit incenatus, cibique non sunt allati coram eo, insuper et somnus recessit ab eo. (19) Tunc rex primo diluculo consurgens festinus ad lacum leonum perrexit. (20) Appropinquansque lacui, Danielem voce lacrimabili inclamavit, et affatus est eum, “Daniel, serve Dei viventis, Deus tuus, cui tu servis semper, putasne330 valuit te liberare a leonibus?” (21) Et Daniel regi respondens ait, “Rex, in aeternum vive! (22) Deus meus misit angelum suum, et conclusit ora leonum, et non nocuerunt mihi, quia coram eo justitia inventa est in me. Sed et coram te, Rex, delictum non feci.” (23) Tunc vehementer rex gavisus est super eo, et Danielem praecepit educi de lacu. Eductusque est Daniel de lacu, et nulla laesio inventa est in eo, quia credidit Deo suo. (24) Jubente autem rege, adducti sunt viri illi qui accusaverant Danielem, et in lacum leonum missi sunt ipsi, et filii, et uxores eorum. Et non pervenerunt usque ad pavimentum laci donec arriperent eos leones, et omnia ossa eorum comminuerunt. (25) Tunc Darius rex scripsit universis populis, tribubus, et linguis habitantibus in universa terra, “Pax vobis multiplicetur! (26) A me constitutum est decretum ut in universo imperio et regno meo tremiscant et paveant Deum Danielis. Ipse est enim Deus vivens, et aeternus in saecula.331 Et regnum ejus non dissipabitur, et potestas ejus usque in aeternum. (27) Ipse liberator, atque salvator, 330 putasne … leonibus?: has be been able, do you think, to save you from the lions? 331 in saecula: forever

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faciens signa et mirabilia in caelo et in terra, qui liberavit Danielem de lacu leonum.” (28) Porro Daniel perseveravit usque ad regnum Darii regnumque Cyri Persae.

V. THE STORY OF JONAH (JONAH 1-4) (1:1) Et factum est verbum Domini ad Jonam, filium Amathi, dicens, (2) “Surge, et vade Niniven,332 civitatem grandem, et praedica in ea, quia ascendit malitia ejus coram me.” (3) Et surrexit Jonas ut fugeret in Tharsis333 a facie Domini, et descendit in Joppen,334 et invenit navem euntem in Tharsis. Et dedit naulum ejus, et descendit in eam ut iret cum eis in Tharsis a facie Domini. (4) Dominus autem misit ventum magnum in mare. Et facta est tempestas magna in mari, et navis periclitabatur conteri. (5) Et timuerunt nautae, et clamaverunt viri ad deum suum. Et miserunt vasa quae erant in navi in mare ut alleviaretur ab eis. Et Jonas descendit ad interiora navis et dormiebat sopore gravi. (6) Et accessit ad eum gubernator, et dixit ei, “Quid tu sopore deprimeris? Surge, invoca Deum tuum, si forte recogitet Deus de nobis et non pereamus.” (7) Et dixit vir335 ad collegam suam, “Venite, et mittamus sortes, et sciamus quare hoc malum sit nobis.” Et miserunt sortes, et cecidit sors super Jonam. (8) Et dixerunt ad eum, “Indica nobis cujus336 causa malum istud sit nobis? Quod est opus tuum? Quae terra tua? Et quo vadis? Vel ex quo populo es tu?” (9) Et dixit ad eos, “Hebraeus ego sum, et Dominum Deum caeli ego timeo, qui fecit mare et aridam.” (10) Et timuerunt viri timore magno, et dixerunt ad eum, “Quid hoc fecisti?” (Cognoverunt enim viri quod a facie Domini fugeret quia indicaverat eis.) (11) Et dixerunt ad eum, “Quid 332 Nineveh was the capital of the Assyrian Empire. This story might have been set in the early 700s. Later in the century, Assyria would dominate Israel. 333 The exact location of Tarshish is debated. 334 Joppa is a town on the coast of the Mediterranean, a little northwest of Jerusalem. 335 vir: [each] man 336 cujus causa: for the sake of whom; causa is ablative here.

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faciemus tibi et cessabit mare a nobis?” quia mare ibat337 et intumescebat. (11) Et dixit ad eos, “Tollite me, et mittite in mare, et cessabit mare a nobis. Scio enim ego quoniam propter me tempestas haec grandis venit super vos.” (13) Et remigabant viri ut reverterentur ad aridam, et non valebant, quia mare ibat, et intumescebat super eos. (14) Et clamaverunt ad Dominum, et dixerunt, “Quaesumus, Domine, ne pereamus in338 anima viri istius, et ne des super nos sanguinem innocentem, quia tu, Domine, sicut voluisti fecisti.” (15) Et tulerunt Jonam et miserunt in mare, et stetit339 mare a fervore suo. (16) Et timuerunt viri timore magno Dominum, et immolaverunt hostias Domino, et voverunt vota. (2:1) Et praeparavit Dominus piscem grandem ut deglutiret Jonam. Et erat Jonas in ventre piscis tribus diebus et tribus noctibus. (2) Et oravit Jonas ad Dominum Deum suum de ventre piscis, (3) et dixit, “Clamavi de tribulatione mea ad Dominum, et exaudivit me. De ventre inferi clamavi, et exaudisti vocem meam. (4) “Et projecisti me in profundum in corde maris, et flumen circumdedit me. Omnes gurgites tui et fluctus tui super me transierunt. (5) Et ego dici, ‘Abjectus sum a conspectu oculorum tuorum, verumtamen rursus videbo templum sanctum tuum.’ (6) “Circumdederunt me aquae usque ad animam. Abyssus vallavit me; pelagus operuit caput meam. (7) Ad extrema montium descendi; terrae vectes concluserunt me in aeternum, et sublevabis de corruptione vitam meam, Domine, Deus meus. (8) “Cum angustiaretur in me anima mea, Domini340 recordatus sum, ut veniat ad te oratio mea, ad templum sanctum tuum. (9) Qui341 custodiunt vanitates frustra, misericordiam suam derelinquunt. (10) Ego autem in voce laudis immolabo tibi; quaecumque vovi, reddam pro salute Domino.” (11) Et dixit Dominus pisci, et evomuit Jonam in aridam.

ibat et intumescebat: “flowed and swelled” (DR) in anima viri istius: for the sake of this man’s soul 339 stetit: grew calm 340 Domini … tuum: “I remembered the Lord: that my prayer may come to thee, unto thy holy temple” (DR) 341 Qui: [Those] who 337 338

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(3:1) Et factum est verbum Domini ad Jonam secundo dicens, (2) “Surge, et vade in Niniven civitatem magnam, et praedica in ea praedicationem quam ego loquor ad te.” (3) Et surrexit Jonas et abiit in Niniven juxta verbum Domini, et Ninive erat civitas magna itinere342 trium dierum. (4) Et coepit Jonas introire in civitatem itinere diei unius et clamavit et dixit, “Adhuc343 quadraginta dies et Nineve subvertetur.” (5) Et crediderunt viri Ninivitae in Deum, et praedicaverunt jejunium, et vestiti sunt saccis a majore usque ad minorem. (6) Et pervenit verbum ad regem Ninive. Et surrexit de solio suo, et abjecit vestimentum suum a se, et indutus est sacco, et sedit in cinere. (7) Et clamavit et dixit in Ninive ex ore regis et principum ejus, dicens, “Homines, et jumenta, et boves, et pecora non gustent quidquam; nec pascantur, et aquam non bibant. (8) “Et operiantur saccis homines et jumenta, et clament ad Dominum in344 fortitudine, et convertatur vir a via sua mala, et ab iniquitate quae est in manibus eorum. Quis scit si convertatur et ignoscat Deus, et revertatur a furore irae suae et non peribimus?” (10) Et vidit Deus opera eorum, quia conversi sunt de via sua mala. Et misertus est Deus super malitiam quam locutus fuerat ut faceret eis, et non fecit. (4:1) Et afflictus est Jonas afflictione magna et iratus est. (2) Et oravit ad Dominum et dixit, “Obsecro, Domine, numquid non hoc est verbum meum, cum adhuc essem in terra mea? Propter hoc praeoccupavi ut fugerem in Tharsis. Scio enim quia tu Deus clemens et misericors es, patiens, et multae miserationis et ignoscens super malitia. (3) Et nunc, Domine, tolle, quaeso, animam meam a me, quia melior est mihi mors quam vita.” (4) Et dixit Dominus, “Putasne bene irasceris tu?” (5) Et egressus est Jonas de civitate et sedit contra orientem civitatis, et fecit sibimet umbraculum ibi, et sedebat subter illud in umbra donec videret quid accideret civitati. Et praeparavit Dominus Deus hederam,345 et ascendit super caput Jonae ut esset

itinere trium dierum: “of three days journey” (DR); itinere is an abl. of measure (P&W 115). 343 Adhuc: from now 344 in fortitudine: with might 345 The Hebrew word which Jerome translates as hederam, ivy, is often translated as “gourd.” 342

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umbra super caput ejus et protegeret eum, laboraverat enim. Et laetatus est Jonas super hedera laetitia magna. (7) Et paravit Deus vermem ascensu diluculi in crastinum, et percussit hederam, et exaruit. (8) Et cum ortus fuisset sol, praecipit Dominus vento calido et urenti. Et percussit sol super caput Jonae et aestuabat. Et petivit animae suae ut moreretur et dixit, “Melius est mihi mori quam vivere.” (9) Et dixit Dominus ad Jonam, “Putasne bene irasceris tu super hedera?” Et dixit, “Bene irascor ego usque ad mortem.” (10) Et dixit Dominus, “Tu doles super hederam, in qua non laborasti, neque fecisti ut cresceret, quae sub una nocte nata est, et sub una nocte periit. (11) Et ego non parcam Ninive, civitati magnae, in qua sunt plus quam centum viginti millia hominum, qui nesciunt quid sit inter dexteram et sinistram suam, et jumenta multa?”

DICTIONARY All words with two asterisks refer to the Basic Vocabulary in the Introduction; they should be learned thoroughly. Words with one asterisk appear at least three times in the running vocabulary in the footnotes. A number one (1) indicates that a verb is a regular first conjugation, either active or deponent. Genders and genitive forms are not included for several nouns, especially place names, since the words are often indeclinable and/or the gender varies or is unknown. The following abbreviations are used: abl. ablative acc. accusative adv. adverb conj. conjunction dat. dative f. feminine gen. genitive lit. literally m. masculine n. neuter pl. plural prep. preposition refl./mid. reflexive/middle sing. singular subst. substantive (an adjective used as a noun) w. with **ā, ab, or abs (prep. + abl.) from, by Abdenago (m.) Abednego (a young Jewish man in Babylon) *abeō, -īre, -iī (-īvī) go away Abinadab (m.) Abinadab (David’s brother) abjectiō, -ōnis (f.) outcast 111

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abjiciō, -ere, abjēcī, abjectum cast off, cast away ablactō (1) wean Abraham (m.) Abraham absconditus, -a, -um hidden *abscondō, -ere, -condī, -conditum hide absque (prep. + abl.) without abundantia, -ae (f.) abundance abundō (1) abound, be rich abyssus, -ī (f.) abyss, the deep *ac or atque (conj.) and accēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessum approach, come acceptō (1) accept, receive accersō, -ere, -īvī, -ītum summon accidō, -ere, accidī happen accingō, -ere, accinxī, accinctum gird, put on *accipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum take, receive accumbō, -ere, -cubuī, -cubitum lie down with accusō (1) accuse aciēs, aciēī (f.) line, eyesight, battle line, army acquiescō, -ere, -quiēvī, -quiētum agree, acquiesce actus, -ūs (m.) act **ad (prep. + acc.) to, towards, according to adaquō (1) give water to *addō, -ere, -didī, -ditum add addūcō, -ere, -duxī, -ductum bring to adeps, adipis (m./f.) fat, marrow *adhaereō, -ēre, adhaesī, adhaesum cling adhūc (adv.) still adjūtor, -ōris (m.) helper adjuvō (1) help adoptō (1) adopt *adorō (1) adore, worship *adsum, adesse, adfuī be present adsūmō (see assumō) adulescens (adolescens), -entis (m./f.) young man or woman adulescentia (adolescentia), -ae (f.) youth adultus, -a, -um adult adūrō, -ere, -ussī, -ustum burn, singe advena, -ae (m./f.) stranger adveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventum arrive

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adversārius, -iī (m.) adversary, enemy *adversum or adversus (adv. or prep. + acc.) against, in front of, in the presence of adversum, -ī (n.) adversity; the opposite aedēs, aedis (f.) room (sing.); house (pl.) *aedificō (1) build Aegyptius, -a, -um Egyptian; an Egyptian (m. as subst.) Aegyptus, -ī (f.) Egypt aequitās, -ātis (f.) fairness, equity *aereus, -a, -um bronze aes, aeris (n.) bronze aestuō (1) burn aetās, -ātis (f.) age *aeternum, -ī (n.) eternity aeternus, -a, -um eternal *afferō, afferre, attulī, allātum bring *afflictiō, -ōnis (f.) affliction afflīgō, -ere, -flixī, -flictum afflict affor (adfor) (1) address ager, agrī (m.) field *agmen, agminis (n.) battle line, army agnus, -ī (m.) lamb **agō, -ere, ēgī, actum do, act **aiō (irregular) say āla, -ae (f.) wing aliēnus, -a, -um belonging to another, other, strange, foreign aliōquin (adv.) otherwise *aliquis, aliquid (quis, quid after si, nisi, num, or ne) anyone/thing **alius, alia, aliud another person/thing allēlūja alleluia (praise Jehovah) alleviō (1) lighten alligō (1) bind altāre, altāris (n.) altar **alter, -era, -erum another, the second of two altitūdō, -inis (f.) height alveus, -ī (m.) channel (of a river) amāritūdō, -inis (f.) bitterness Amathus, - ī (m.) Amathus or Amittai (Jonah’s father) ambulō (1) walk

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amīcus, -ī (m.) friend amnis, amnis (m./f.) river, stream Amorrhaeus, -ī (m.) an Amorite amplius (adv.) even more, yet more *ancilla, -ae (f.) handmaid angelus, -ī (m.) angel angulus, -ī (m.) angle, corner angustiō (1) make tight, distress **anima, -ae (f.) life, soul, being, creature animans, -antis living; living thing (m./f./n. as subst.) *annuntiō (1) announce *annus, -ī (m.) year ante (prep. + acc.) in front of, before antecedō, -ere, -cessī, -cessum go before antīquus, -a, -um old, ancient ānulus (annulus), -ī (m.) ring *aperiō, -īre, -uī, apertum open *appāreō, -ēre, -uī, -itum appear appellō (1) name apprehendō, -ere, -hendī, -hensum grab, seize appropinquō (1) approach *apud (prep. + acc.) with, in the presence of **aqua, -ae (f.) water arbiter, arbitrī (m.) witness *ardeō, -ēre, arsī, arsum burn āreō, -ēre, āruī dry up, be dry, wither argūmentum, -ī (n.) proof, evidence *arguō, -ere, -uī, -ūtum rebuke, reprove ārida, -ae (f.) dry land ariēs, -ētis (m.) ram armātus, -a, -um armed armiger, -era, -erum armor bearing; armor bearer (m. as subst.) arō (1) plow arripiō (adripiō), -ere, -ripuī, -reptum seize, snatch articulus, -ī (m.) joint, finger arx, arcis (f.) fortress, citadel *ascendō, -ere, ascendī, ascensum ascend, climb ascensus, -ūs (m.) rising asina, -ae (f.) she-ass asinus, -ī (m.) ass

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*aspectus, -ūs countenance, face, appearance aspergō, -ere, aspersī, aspersum sprinkle aspiciō, -ere, aspexī, aspectum look at aspis, aspidis (f.) asp, adder asportō (1) carry off, take away assistō (adsistō), -ere, astitī stand near assumō (adsumō), -ere, -sumpsī, -sumptum take up, take assumptiō, -ōnis (f.) protection *atque (conj.) and ātrium, -iī (n.) atrium, court, hall attamen (conj.) but, yet audeō, -ēre, ausus sum dare **audiō, -īre, -īvī (-iī), -ītum hear audītus, -ūs (m.) hearing *auferō, auferre, abstulī, ablātum take away aula, -ae (f.) court, palace *aureus, -a, -um gold, golden auris, auris (f.) ear **autem (conj.) but, however, and auxilium, -iī (n.) help āvertō, -ere, āvertī, āversum turn from, turn away avis, avis (f.) bird Azeca Azeca or Azekah (a city in Canaan) Babylōn, -ōnis (f.) Babylon *baculus, -ī (m.) or baculum, -ī (n.) staff, stick Baltassar (m.) Belteshazzar (Babylonian name for Daniel) Bathsabee (f.) Bathsheba **beātus, -a, -um blessed bellātor, -ōris (m.) warrior bellum, -ī (n.) war bene (adv.) well **benedīcō, -ere, -dixī, -dictum (+ dat.) bless; curse (as a euphemism) benedictus, -a, -um blessed benignē (adv.) kindly *bestia, -ae (f.) beast Bethlehem (n.) Bethlehem *bibō, -ere, bibī, bibitum drink bitūmen, -inis (n.) mud blasphēmia, -ae (f.) blasphemy, insult

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**bonus, -a, -um good *bōs, bovis (m./f.) cow, ox brācae, -ārum (f. pl.) pants, trousers bysinnus, -a, -um linen, of linen cadāver, -eris (n.) corpse *cadō, -ere, cecidī, cāsum fall caeles (coeles), -itis heavenly, celestial **caelum (coelum), -ī (n.) sky, heaven calceāmentum, -ī (n.) sandal, shoe cālīgō, -inis (f.) mist, darkness calix (calyx), calicis (m.) chalice, cup camēlus, -ī (m.) camel camīnus, -ī (m.) forge, oven campus, -ī (m.) field canālis, -is (m.) trough candēlābrum, -ī (n.) candlestick, candlestand *canis, canis (m.) dog *canticum, -ī (n.) song, canticle capillus, -ī (m.) hair *caput, capitis (n.) head *carcer, carceris (m.) prison cārectum, -ī (m.) bed of sedge grass *carō, carnis (f.) meat, flesh carpō, -ere, carpsī, carptum pull, pluck, seize cāseus, -ī (m.) or cāseum, -ī (n.) cheese cassis, cassidis (f.) helmet *castra, -ōrum (n. pl.) camp castramētor (1) encamp cathedra, -ae (f.) seat, chair catulus, -ī (m.) cub, whelp, young one causa, -ae (f.) cause, case, claim caverna, -ae (f.) cave cēlō (1) hide celtis, -is (m.) chisel cēnāculum (coenāculum), -ī (n.) upper floor, upper room centum one hundred cēra, -ae (f.) wax cernō, -ere, crēvī, crētum see *certāmen, -inis (n.) contest certē (adv.) certainly, surely

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cessō (1) stop, cease cētē (n. pl.) (cētus, -ī [m.]) whale Chaldaeus, -a, -um Chaldean; a Chaldean, soothsayer, astrologer (m. as subst.) Chananaeus, -ī (m.) a Canaanite chorda, -ae (f.) stringed instrument chorus, -ī (m.) choir, chorus cibus, -ī (m.) food cinctōrium, -iī (n.) swordbelt, girdle cingulum, -ī (n.) or cingulus, -ī (m.) girdle, belt cinis, cineris (m.) ashes circā (prep. + acc.) around circueō, -īre, -īvī (-iī) go around circuitus, -ūs (m.) circuit *circumdō, -dare, -dedī, -datum encompass, surround circumducō, -ere, -duxī, -ductum lead around, swing around circumpōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positum put something (acc.) around someone/thing (dat.) circumspiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectum look around *cithara, -ae (f.) harp cīvitās, -ātis (f.) city *clamō (1) shout clāmor, -ōris (m.) shout, cry clāmōsus, -a, -um loud, contentious, clamoring claudō, -ere, clausī, clausum close, close in, imprison clēmens, -entis merciful, forgiving clipeus (clypeus), -ī (m.) shield coelum (see caelum) coeō, coīre, coiī (coīvī), coitum have sexual relations with coepī, coepisse begin (perfect as present) cōgitātiō, -ōnis (f.) thought cōgitō (1) think cognātus, -ī (m.) relative *cognoscō, -ere, -nōvī, -nitum know collēga, -ae (m.) colleague, fellow collīdō, -ere, -līsī, -līsum knock together collīgō (1) tie up, bind together collocō (1) place collum, -ī (n.) neck *colō, -ere, -uī, cultum worship

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columna, -ae (f.) column, pillar combūrō (conbūrō), -ere, -ussī, -ustum burn up *comedō, -ere (-esse), -ēdī, -ēsum (-estum) eat with, eat together commendō (1) entrust, hand over comminuō, -ere, -uī, -ūtum crush to pieces commoror (1) remain, dwell commoveō, -ēre, -mōvī, -mōtum move, stir up commutō (1) change compāgēs, -is (f.) joints, structure compediō, -īre, [no perfect active], compedītum bind comperiō, -īre, -perī, -pertum discover compleō, -ēre, -plēvī, -plētum complete, finish comprehendō, -ere, -hendī, -hensum understand, take, include concidō, -ere, -cidī fall, be disheartened concilium, -iī (n.) council concipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum conceive conclūdō, -ere, -clūsī, -clūsum enclose, shut up concubīna, -ae (f.) concubine concupiō, -ere desire, covet concutiō, -ere, -cussī, -cussum strike condō, -ere, -didī, -ditum set, establish, place *confessiō, -ōnis (f.) confession, praise confestim (adv.) immediately conficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectum make thoroughly, complete confirmō (1) strengthen, confirm *confiteor, -ērī, confessus sum confess, trust in, give thanks *confortō (1) grow strong, become very strong confundō, -ere, -fūdī, -fūsum put to shame, confuse, disturb congregātiō, -ōnis (f.) gathering, congregation *congregō (1) gather together, congregate conjector, -ōris (m.) interpreter conjiciō, -ere, -jēcī, -jectum conjecture, give an interpretation conjunx, conjugis (m./f.) spouse, husband, wife conscendō, -ere, -scendī, -scensum ascend, climb conservō (1) preserve, save *consīderō (1) look upon, consider *consilium, -iī (n.) plan, advice, counsel consimilis, -e (+ gen. or dat.) similar, like consōlor (1) console, comfort

DICTIONARY *conspectus, -ūs (m.) sight conspergō, -ere, -spersī, -spersum sprinkle, moisten *conspiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectum see, look at *constituō, -ere, -uī, -ūtum decide, appoint consuescō, -ere, -suēvī, -suētum be accustomed consuētūdō, -inis (f.) custom *consūmō, -ere, -sumpsī, -sumptum consume *consurgō, -ere, -surrexī, -surrectum rise up, get up contemnō, -ere, -tempsī, -temptum despise, slight contemplor (1) look at, consider conterō, -ere, -trīvī, -trītum destroy, break up contingō, -ere, -tigī, -tactum touch *contrā (prep. + acc.) against, in the face of, towards, before contrādīcō, -ere, -dixī, -dictum contradict, resist contribulātus, -a, -um troubled, broken contristō (1) sadden, make sad contrītus, -a, -um contrite, saddened conturbō (1) disturb *conveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventum come together, meet conversor (1) live *convertō, -ere, -vertī, -versum turn, convert, strengthen convīva, -ae (m./f.) guest convīvium, -iī (n.) party, banquet cōpiōsus, -a, -um plentiful *cor, cordis (n.) heart *cōram (prep. + abl.) in the presence of, in the sight of cornū, -ūs (n.) horn **corpus, corporis (n.) body corruō, -ere, -uī fall, fall down corruptiō, -ōnis (f.) corruption, harm crassus, -a, -um fat, sleek crastinum, -ī (n.) the morrow, the next day crēditus, -a, -um entrusted crēdō, -ere, -didī, -ditum (+ dat.) believe, trust crēdulus, -a, -um trusting in creō (1) create crēpīdō, -inis (f.) brink, edge crescō, -ere, crēvī, crētum increase, grow crūs, crūris (n.) leg crux, crucis (f.) cross

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cubīle, cubīlis (n.) bed cubitum, -ī (n.) or cubitus, -ī (m.) cubit (about 1 ½ feet) culmus, -ī (m.) stalk culpa, -ae (f.) fault, blame **cum (conj.) when, while, since, although **cum (prep. + abl.) with **cunctus, -a, -um all, the whole cupiō, -ere, -īvī (-iī), -ītum guard, watch over, keep, desire cūriōsus, -a, -um careful, diligent, curious *currō, -ere, cucurrī, cursum run currus, -ūs (m.) chariot custōdia, -ae (f.) custody, watch custōdiō, -īre, -īvī (-iī), -ītum guard, watch over, keep custōs, custōdis (m.) guard, keeper cymbalum, -ī (n.) cymbal Daniēl, -ēlis (m.) Daniel (also called Baltassar) Dārīus (m.) Darius (a Persian king) David (m.) David **dē (prep. + abl.) from, out of, concerning, of dealbō (1) to make white deambulō (1) take a walk decem ten *dēclīnō (1) go aside decōrus, -a, -um beautiful, handsome *dēcrētum, -ī (n.) decree dēcursus, -ūs (m.) a flowing down, a stream decus, -oris (n.) honor, glory, grace dēdicātiō, -ōnis (f.) dedication dēdūcō, -ere, -duxī, -ductum lead, lead down dēfendō, -ere, -fendī, -fensum defend dēfensiō, -ōnis (f.) defense dēferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātum offer, bring dēfīniō, -īre, -īvī (-iī), -ītum determine dēfluō, -ere, -fluxī pass away, wither dēformis, -e misshapen dēglūtiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītum swallow dēlectō (1) cause pleasure; be delighted, take delight (passive as refl./mid.) dēleō, -ēre, -ēvī, -ētum blot away, wash away dēlictum, -ī (n.) fault, crime

DICTIONARY dēmum (adv.) finally dens, dentis (m.) tooth deorsum (adv.) below dēpōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positum put down dēprecātiō, -ōnis (f.) prayer dēprecor (1) beseech, beg dēprimō, -ere, -pressī, -pressum weigh down dērādō, -ere, -rāsī, -rāsum scrape *dērelinquō, -ere, -līquī, -lictum leave behind dērīdeō, -ēre, -rīsī, -rīsum deride, laugh at dērīsor, -ōris (m.) scorner, scoffer *dēscendō, -ere, -scendī, -scensum descend, come down *dēsertum, -ī (n.) desert dēsertus, -a, -um deserted, dry dēsīderō (1) desire dēspectiō, -ōnis (f.) contempt *dēspiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectum despise dēsum, -esse, -fuī be lacking dēsuper (adv.) above **deus, deī (m.) god, God *dēvorō (1) devour, eat dextera, -ae (f.) right hand **dīcō, -ere, dixī, dictum say, speak **diēs, diēī (m./f.) day dīgerō, -ere, -gessī, -gestum arrange, write digitus, -ī (m.) finger *dīligō, -ere, -lexī, -lectum love dīlūculō (adv.) early, in the morning dīlūculum, -ī (n.) dawn dīmittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missum send away, leave alone dīnumerō (1) number dīrigō, -ere, -rexī, -rectum direct, control discēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessum depart discō, -ere, didicī learn dispereō, -īre, -iī perish, be destroyed dispergō, -ere, dispersī, dispersum scatter dissipō (1) scatter, break up, destroy dissolvō, -ere, -solvī, -solūtum break up, solve dītō (1) enrich *dīvidō, -ere, dīvīsī, dīvīsum divide, separate

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dīvitiae, -ārum (f. pl.) wealth, riches *do, dare, dedī, datum give doceō, -ēre, -uī, doctum teach doleō, -ēre, doluī suffer, grieve dolor, -ōris (m.) pain domina, -ae (f.) mistress dominātor, -ōris (m.) ruler, governor dominor (1) (+ gen. or dat.) rule over **dominus, -ī lord, master, the Lord Dommim Ephes Dommin (a region in Judea) **domus, -ūs (domī) house, home, tribe dōnec (conj.) until, before dōnum, -ī (n.) gift *dormiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītum sleep **dūcō, -ere, duxī, ductum lead dulcis, -e sweet *duo, duae, duo two Dura Dura (a place in Babylon) dūritia, -ae (f.) harshness dūrus, -a, -um harsh dux, ducis (m.) leader **ē or ex (prep. + abl.) from, out of *ecce! behold! look! *ecclēsia, -ae (f.) church, assembly ēdīcō, -ere, ēdixī, edictum declare, speak out ēdictum, -ī (n.) edict, law ēdisserō, -ere, -uī, -sertum explain edō, edere (esse), ēdī, ēsum eat ēducō (1) nourish, bring up ēdūcō, -ere, ēduxī, ēductum lead out, draw out efferō, efferre, extulī, ēlātum carry out, bear, lift up effugiō, -ere, effūgī flee effundō, -ere, effūdī, effūsum pour out **ego I *ēgredior, -ī, ēgressus sum depart, come forth ējiciō, -ere, ējēcī, ējectum cast out eleēmosyna, -ae (f.) alms ēlegans, -antis elegant, handsome ēlevō (1) lift up; exalt oneself (passive as refl./mid.) Eliab (m.) Eliab (David’s brother)

DICTIONARY

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Eliezer (m.) Eliezer (Moses’ son) ēligō, -ere, ēlēgī, ēlectum choose ēlongō (1) take far away ēmergō, -ere, ēmersī, ēmersum come out ēmō, -ere, ēmī, emptum buy ēn! look! **enim (conj.) for, because *eō, īre, iī (īvī), itum go eō (adv.) on that account; eo quod because ephi (n.) an ephah (about a bushel) Ephrathaeus, -a, -um Ephrathite, from Ephrathah ergā (prep. + acc.) towards, with regard to **ergō (adv.) therefore *ērigō, -ere, ērexī, ērectum set up, erect ēripiō, -ere, ēripuī, ēreptum rescue, deliver errō (1) wander, stray ērudiō, -īre, -iī (-īvī), -ītum instruct, teach ērumpō, -ere, ērūpī, ēruptum break out, burst forth *ēruō, -ere, -uī, ērutum rescue, deliver esca, -ae (f.) food; in escam for food **et (conj.) and, also, even etenim (conj.) for **etiam (conj.) also eunūchus, -ī (m.) eunuch, important official ēvādō, -ere, ēvāsī, ēvāsum escape ēventus, -ūs (m.) outcome ēvigilō (1) awake ēvomō, -ere, -uī, -itum vomit out exaltō (1) raise up exalt exārescō, -ere, -āruī become dry, wither exarō (1) write *exaudiō, -īre, -īvī (-iī), -ītum hear favorably *excelsus, -a, -um lofty, high; Excelsus, -ī (m.) the Most High (God) excīdō, -ere, -cīdī, -cīsum cut down, hew out excipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum take out, except exclāmō (1) shout, cry out exeō, -īre, -īvi (-iī), -itum go out, go forth *exercitus, -ūs (m.) army expergēfactus, -a, -um awakened

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expōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positum put out *exprobrō (1) (+ dat.) insult, reproach, mock, defy expugnō (1) overthrow exsultātiō (exultātiō), -ōnis (f.) gladness, exultation *exsultō (exultō) (1) rejoice, exult exsurgō (exurgō), -ere, exsurrexī, exsurrectum arise extendō, -ere, extendī, extensum (extentum) extend extraho, -ere, extraxī, extractum draw out, bring out extrēmus, -a, -um extreme, last, farthest; farther places (n. as subst.) *faciēs, faciēī (f.) face, appearance **faciō, -ere, fēcī, factum do, make factum, -ī (n.) deed falsus, -a, -um false *famēs, famis (f.) famine familia, -ae (f.) family, household (including slaves) famula, -ae (f.) maid servant famulātus, -ūs (m.) service, servitude famulus, -ī (m.) male servant faucēs, facium (f. pl.) jaws, throat fēmina (foemina), -ae (f.) woman fēminīnus (foeminīnus), -a, -um female fenestra, -ae (f.) window fera, -ae (f.) wild animal, beast **ferō, ferre, tulī, lātum carry, bear ferreus, -a, -um iron ferrum, -ī (n.) iron, iron tip fertilitās, -ātis (f.) fertility fervor, -ōris (m.) fervor, seething, raging festīnō (1) hurry festīnus, -a, -um hurrying, hasty fidēs, fidēī (f.) faith, faithfulness figūra, -ae (f.) form, figure *fīlia, -ae (f.) daughter *fīlius, -iī (m.) son *fīnis, fīnis (m./f.) end, boundary; often “land” in pl. **fīō, fierī, factus sum become, be made, happen *firmāmentum, -ī (n.) firmament, barrier firmitās, -ātis (f.) firmness, certainty fiscella, -ae (f.) basket

DICTIONARY *fistula, -ae (f.) pipes, flute *flamma, -ae (f.) flame flātus, -ūs (m.) breath flectō, -ere, flexī, flectum blend flōrens, -entis flourishing, prospering, living well flōs, flōris (m.) flower fluctus, -ūs (m.) wave, billow *flūmen, -inis (n.) river fluō, -ere, fluxī, fluctum flow fluvius, -iī (m.) river foedō (1) disfigure, mar foedus, -a, -um detestable, hideous, foul foedus, foederis (n.) pact, covenant foenum (faenum), -ī (n.) hay folium, -iī (n.) leaf, foliage forāmen, -inis (n.) hole *forās (adv.) outside foris, foris (f.) door forīs (adv.) outside, outdoors formella, -ae (f.) cheese, a piece of cheese formō (1) form, make formōsus, -a, -um beautiful, handsome *fornax, -ācis (f.) furnace, oven forsitan (adv.) perhaps *fortē (adv.) by chance, perhaps *fortis, -e strong, brave fortiter (adv.) strongly, bravely fortitūdō, -inis (f.) strength, power framea, -ae (f.) spear *frāter, fratris (m.) brother frons, frontis (f.) brow, forehead *fructus, -ūs (m.) fruit frūmentum, -ī (n.) grain *frustrā (adv.) in vain *fugiō, -ere, fūgī, fugitum flee *funda, -ae (f.) sling, slingshot fūniculus, -ī (m.) line *furōr, -ōris (m.) anger, rage furtīvus, -a, -um stolen furtum, -ī (n.) theft

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futūrus, -a, -um future galea, -ae (f.) helmet gaudeō, -ēre, gāvīsus sum rejoice, be glad gaudium, -iī (n.) joy gemitus, -ūs (m.) groan *generātiō, -ōnis (f.) generation generō (1) produce *gens, gentis (f.) family, nation; often “gentiles” in pl. genū, -ūs (n.) knee genuflectō, -ere, -flexī, -flectum bend the knee, bow *genus, generis (n.) kind, type germen, -inis (n.) bud, shoot germinō (1) produce gerō, -ere, gessī, gestum bear, do Gersa (m.) Gersa or Gershom (Moses’ son) Geth Geth or Gath (a city in Canaan) gigās, gigantis (m.) giant *gladius, -iī (m.) sword glōria, -ae (f.) glory glōrificō (1) glorify glōriōsus, -a, -um glorious Goliath (m.) Goliath gradior, gradī, gressus sum step out, walk gradus, -ūs (m.) step, degree grandaevus, -a, -um old grandis, -e great, large grātia, -ae (f.) grace, favor gravis, -e heavy *grex, gregis (m.) flock gubernātor, -ōris (m.) helmsman, captain gubernō (1) govern gurges, -itis (m.) whirlpool, eddy, stream gustō (1) taste **habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itum have habitātiō, -ōnis (f.) dwelling, habitation habitātor, -ōris (m.) inhabitant, one who dwells *habitō (1) live habitūdō, -inis (f.) form, condition haedus, -ī (m.) young goat, kid hāmātus, -a, -um with scales

DICTIONARY harēna (arēna), -ae (f.) sand hariolus (ariolus), -ī (m.) soothsayer, prophet haruspex (aruspex), -icis (m.) diviner, soothsayer *hasta, -ae (f.) spear hastīle, -is (n.) shaft hauriō, -īre, hausī, haustum draw (water) Hebraeus, -a, -um Hebrew hedera, -ae (f.) ivy *herba, -ae (f.) grass, herb herī (adv.) yesterday Hetthaeus, -ī (m.) a Hittite Hevaeus, -ī (m.) a Hivite **hīc, haec, hōc this person/thing *hodiē (adv.) today *holocaustum, -ī (n.) holocaust, burnt offering *homō, hominis (m.) man honor, -ōris (m.) honor honōrificō (1) honor, glorify honōrō (1) honor *hōra, -ae (f.) hour Horeb Mt. Horeb (a mountain to the west of the Red Sea) horreum, -ī (n.) store chamber, barn hostia, -ae (f.) victim, sacrifice hostis, hostis (m./f.) enemy hūc (adv.) here, hither hūjusmodī or hūjuscemodī of such a kind hūmānus, -a, -um human humiliō (1) humble, bring low humilis, -e humble, lowly humilitās, -ātis (f.) humility, lowliness Hus Hus or Uz (a land of unknown location, perhaps Edom) hymnus, -ī (m.) hymn hyssōpum, -ī (n.) hyssop **ibi (ibī) (adv.) there idcircō (adv.) therefore *īdem, eadem, idem the same person/thing ideō (adv.) for this reason, therefore Idūmaea, -ae (f.) Idumea (a region south of Judea) **igitur (conj.) therefore *ignis, ignis (m.) fire

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*ignōrō (1) be ignorant of ignoscō, -ere, -nōvī, -nōtum overlook, forgive **ille, illa, illud that person/thing; he, she, it illecebra (inlecebra), -ae (f.) enticement, allurement illic (adv.) there *illūc (adv.) there, thither *illūdō, -ere, -lūsī, -lūsum (+ dat.) mock, trick, make fool of illūminō (1) illumine, shine on illūsor, -ōris (m.) mocker, scoffer imāgō, -inis (f.) image immolō (1) sacrifice immūtō (1) change, alter imperātōrius, -a, -um imperial imperium, -iī (n.) power, empire, command impinguō (1) grow fat, make fat, anoint *impius, -a, -um wicked, impious impleō, -ēre, -plēvī, -plētum fill, fill up, accomplish impōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positum put on impossibilis, -e impossible **in (prep. + acc. or abl.) into, against (w. acc.); in, on (w. abl.) inānis, -e empty, void inaquōsus, -a, -um without water incantātor, -ōris (m.) enchanter, magician incēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessum go forward incēnātus (incoenātus) -a, -um without dinner incertus, -a, -um uncertain *incircumcīsus, -a, -um uncircumcised inclamō (1) cry out to indicium, -iī (n.) sign indicō (1) make known induō, -ere, -uī, -ūtum clothe; put on, wear (passive as refl./mid., often w. abl. of means) industrius, -a, -um industrious inēbriō (1) make drunk ineō, -īre, -īvī (-iī) go into, enter into infans, infantis (m./f.) infant infantia, -ae (f.) childhood, infancy infantulus, -ī (m.) baby boy inferior, -ius lower infernus, -ī (m.) underworld, Hades, Hell

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inficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectum dye, soak infīgō, -ere, -fixī, -fixum drive in, thrust in infundō, -ere, -fūdī, -fūsum pour on, wet ingemescō, -ere, -gemuī groan ingredior, ingredī, ingressus sum enter ingruō, -ere, ingruī attack, fall upon, fight inhabitō (1) dwell *inimīcus, -a, -um hostile; enemy (m. as subst.) *inīquitās, -ātis (f.) evil, sin iniquus, -a, -um unjust, evil, wicked; evil man (m. as subst.) injiciō, -ere, -jēcī, -jectum throw, cast, direct injūria, -ae (f.) injury, harm innocentia, -ae (f.) innocence innovō (1) renew inopia, -ae (f.) want, poverty inquam say inquīrō, -ere, -quisīvī, -quīsītum investigate, inquire, search insipiens, -entis foolish; fool (m. as subst.) insons, -ontis innocent inspiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectum look upon instar (noun + gen.) like (lit., the image of) insuper (adv.) moreover intellectus, -ūs (m.) wisdom, understanding intellegentia, -ae (f.) understanding, intelligence intellegō, -ere, -lexī, -lectum perceive, understand intendō, -ere, intendī, intentum (intensum) listen to, be attentive inter (prep. + acc.) between, among intereā (adv.) meanwhile *interficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectum kill interior, -ius inner, within interpretātiō, -ōnis (f.) explanation, interpretation interpretor (1) explain, interpret interrogō (1) ask intrā (prep. + acc.) within *intrō (1) enter, come into intrōdūcō, -ere, -duxī, -ductum bring in *introeō, -īre, -īvī (-iī) go into intrōgredior, -gredī, -gressus sum enter intumescō, -ere, -tumuī swell

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intus (adv.) within invādō, -ere, -vāsī, -vāsum invade, fall upon invalescō, -ere, -valuī become strong **inveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventum find, come upon, discover investīgō (1) search out invicem (adv.) in turn, mutually invius, -a, -um impassible, trackless, desert invocō (1) invoke, call upon **ipse, ipsa, ipsum himself, herself, itself; that very person/thing īra, -ae (f.) anger īrascor (1) be angry *īrātus, -a, -um angry irrītātiō, -ōnis (f.) irritation, provocation irruō, -ere, -uī rush upon **is, ea, id he, she, it Isaac (m.) Isaac Isai (m.) Jesse (David’s father) Ismaēlītēs, -ae (m.) Ishmaelite Israel, Israelis (m.) Israel (often undeclined) Isrāhēlītae, -ārum (m. pl.) the Israelites *iste, ista, istud that person/thing **ita (adv.) thus, so **itaque (conj.) and so iter, itineris (n.) path, way, trip iterum (adv.) again jaciō, -ere, jēcī, jactum throw Jacob (m.) Jacob jam (adv.) now, already Jebusaeus, -ī (m.) a Jebusite jējūnium, -iī (n.) day of fasting Jerusalem (n.) Jerusalem Jesse (m.) Jesse (David’s father) Jethro (m.) Jethro (David’s father = Raguel) Job (m.) Job Jōnas (m.) Jonah Joppē, -ēs (f.) Joppa (a seaport in Palestine) Joseph (m.) Joseph **jubeō, -ēre, jussī, jussum order jūbilātiō, -ōnis (f.) jubilation, rejoicing jubilō (1) rejoice

DICTIONARY Juda, -ae (f.) Judah Jūdaea, -ae (f.) Judea Jūdaeus, -a, -um Jewish; Jew (m. as subst.) jūdex, jūdicis (m.) judge jūdicium, -iī (n.) judgment, good judgment *jūdicō (1) judge jugum, -ī (n.) yoke *jūmentum, -ī (n.) beast, cow *jūrō (1) swear jussiō, -ōnis (f.) order, command justificō (1) justify *justitia, -ae (f.) justice *justus, -a, -um just; just person (m. as subst.) *juxtā (prep. + acc.) next to, according to *labium, -iī (n.) lip labōrō (1) work, be in distress lac, lactis (m.) milk lacinia, -ae (f.) border lacrimābilis (lacrymābilis), -e tearful lacus, -ūs (m.) lake, basin, den laesiō, -ōnis (f.) injury *laetitia, -ae (f.) happiness, gladness laetor (1) rejoice lāmina (lammina), -ae (f.) plate, metal plate lapideus, -a, -um stone, made of stone *lapis, -idis (m.) stone later, -eris (m.) brick lātitūdō, -inis (f.) breadth, width latus, -eris (n.) side, flank, party *laudō (1) praise *laus, laudis (f.) praise *lavō, -āre, lāvī, lautum (lotum) bathe, wash legō, -ere, lēgī, lectum read *leō, leōnis (m.) lion Levi (m.) Levi (the priestly tribe) levō (1) raise, lift up lex, lēgis (f.) law liber, librī (m.) book līberātor, -ōris (m.) liberator liberī, -ōrum (m. pl.) children

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*līberō (1) free licet, licuit it is allowed līciātōrium, -iī (n.) beam ligātum, -ī (n.) difficulty ligneus, -a, -um wooden *lignum, -ī (n.) tree, wood ligō (1) bind, tie limpidus, -a, -um smooth *lingua, -ae (f.) tongue linō, -ere, lēvī, litum smear, coat liqueō, -ēre, līquī (līcuī) be liquid *locus, -ī (m.) or loca, -ōrum (n. pl.) place longaevus, -a, -um long-lived longē (adv.) far, from afar longitūdō, -inis (f.) length *loquor, loquī, locūtus sum say, speak lōrīca, -ae (f.) breastplate *lūceō, -ēre, luxī shine lumbus, -ī (m.) loins, middle **lūmen, -inis (n.) light lūmināre, lūmināris (n.) light lupus, -ī (m.) wolf lutum, -ī (n.) dirt, clay, mud brick **lux, lūcis (f.) light maciēs, maciēī (f.) thinness, emaciation macilentus, -a, -um thin, lean macula, -ae (f.) stain, blot Madian Madian or Midian (area to the east of the Red Sea) Magala Magala (a place in Canaan) *magister, -trī master, chief, overseer *magistrātus, -ūs (m.) magistrate magnificentia, -ae (f.) magnificence, splendor magnificō (1) magnify, glorify magnitūdō, -inis (f.) magnitude, greatness **magnus, -a, -um large, great magus, -ī (m.) magician, wise man major, majus larger, older, greater (comparative of magnus) maledīcō, -ere, -dixī, -dictum curse malignantes, -ium (m. pl.) evildoers, the wicked malitia, -ae (f.) wickedness, evil

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133

**malus, -a, -um bad, evil; an evil (n. as subst.) mandūcō (1) eat *māne (indecl. noun or adv.) morning; in the morning maneō, -ēre, mansī, mansum remain manifestō (1) make clear manifestus, -a, -um clear mansuētus, -a, -um meek, humble **manus, -ūs (f.) hand *mare, maris (n.) sea marītus, -ī (m.) husband mās, maris (m.) man masculīnus, -a, -um male mascūlus, -ī (m.) man *māter, matris (f.) mother mātūtīnus, -a, -um morning Mēdī, -ōrum (m. pl.) Medes meditor (1) meditate *medius, -a, -um middle; the middle (n. as subst.) mel, mellis (n.) honey melior, melius better (comparative of bonus) meminī, -isse remember (perfect as present); memento (imperative) memoriālis, -e memorial; a memorial (n. as subst.) mensa, -ae (f.) table mensis, mensis (m.) month mentum, -ī (n.) chin, throat mercēs, -ēdis (f.) wage -met (an intensifier) metuō, -ere, -uī, metūtum fear **meus, -a, -um my, mine mīles, -itis (m.) soldier *mille, millia (mīlia) thousand minimus, -a, -um smallest, youngest (superlative of parvus) minister, ministrī (m.) minister, advisor ministrō (1) serve minō (1) drive, lead minor, minus smaller (comparative of parvus) mīrābilis, -e wonderful mīrus, -a, -um strange, wonderful Misach (m.) Meshach (a young Jewish man in Babylon)

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misceō, -ēre, -uī, mixtum mix, mingle miserātiō, -ōnis (f.) mercy *misereor, -ērī, misertus (miseritus) sum (+ gen.) pity *misericordia, -ae (f.) pity misericors, -cordis merciful, compassionate, tender-hearted **mittō, -ere, mīsī, missum send, place, cast, throw modus, -ī (m.) kind, type moechor (1) commit adultery moenia, -ium (n. pl.) walls, ramparts molestia, -ae (f.) annoyance, trouble molestus, -a, -um troublesome *mons, montis (m.) mountain *morior, morī, mortuus sum die moror (1) delay, stay mors, mortis (f.) death mortuus, -a, -um dead mōtābilis, -e moving *moveō, -ēre, mōvī, mōtum move (passive as refl./mid.) *Moysēs (Mōsēs), -is or -ī, Moysī (dat.), Moysēn (acc.) Moses *mulier, -eris (f.) woman, wife multipliciter (adv.) in many ways *multiplicō (1) multiply (passive as refl./mid.) multitūdō, -inis (f.) multitude multum (adv.) greatly, very much **multus, -a, -um much, many mundō (1) cleanse, wash mundus, -a, -um clean mūnus, -eris (n.) gift mūrus, -ī (m.) wall *mūsica, -ōrum (n. pl.) music mūtō (1) change Nabuchodonosor (m.) Nebuchadnezzar (King of Babylon) *nam (conj.) for *narrō (1) tell *nascor, nascī, natus sum be born Nathan (m.) Nathan (a prophet during the time of David) naulum, -ī (n.) ship fare nauta, -ae (f.) sailor nāvis, -is (f.) ship **nē (adv. and conj.) not, that not, lest

DICTIONARY

135

**nec or neque (adv. and conj.) not, and not; neque … neque neither … nor … necnon (conj.) and also, likewise, certainly nefārius, -a, -um wicked, evil nēmō, nēminis (m./f.) no one nēquāquam (adv.) in no way neque (see nec) nequeō, -īre, -īvī (-iī), -ītum be unable nēquitia, -ae (f.) wickedness nesciō, -īre, -īvī (-iī), -ītum not know *nihil (n.) nothing *nimis (adv.) exceedingly nimium (adv.) exceedingly, too much nimius, -a, -um very much, very great Ninivē, -ēs (f.) Ninevah (capital of Assyria) Ninivītae, -ārum (m. pl.) Ninevites nisi (conj.) except, unless, if not nix, nivis (f.) snow noceō, -ēre, -uī, -itum harm *nōlō, nolle, nōluī not wish; don’t (imperative) *nōmen, -inis (n.) name **nōn (adv.) not nonne (adv.) introduces a question expecting a “yes” answer **nōs we *noscō, -ere, nōvī, nōtum come to know; know (perfect); knew (past perfect) *noster, nostra, nostrum our *novus, -a, -um new; novissimus, -a, -um newest, latest, last *nox, noctis (f.) night nūdus, -a, -um nude, naked nullus, -a, -um no, none; no one (m. as subst.) *num (adv.) surely not (introduces a question expecting a “no” answer) numerō (1) count, number numquam (adv.) never *numquid (adv.) (an interrogative word) nunc (adv.) now *nuntiō (1) announce nuntius, -iī (m.) messenger nūtriō (or nutrior, etc.), -īre nurse

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obdūrō (1) harden obediō (oboediō), -īre, -īvī, -ītum obey obēsus, -a, -um fat oblātiō, -ōnis (f.) oblation, offering oblīviō, -ōnis (f.) oblivion, forgetfulness obscūrus, -a, -um dark obsecrātiō, -ōnis (f.) supplication, prayer obsecrō (1) implore, entreat, pray observō (1) observe obsideō, -ēre, obsēdī, obsessum besiege obsignō (1) seal (with wax) obstetrīcō (1) act as midwife *obstetrix, -īcis midwife obstruō, -ere, obstruxī, obstructum close, shut obstupescō, -ere, -uī be astonished occāsiō, -ōnis (f.) occasion, opportunity, pretext, fault occāsus, -ūs (m.) setting, fall *occīdō, -ere, occīdī, occīsum kill occultō (1) hide occultum, -ī (n.) hidden thing, secret occultus, -a, -um hidden ocrea, -ae (f.) greaves, shin armor octō eight *oculus, -ī (m.) eye *ōdī, ōdisse hate (perfect as present) odium, -iī (n.) hate odor, odōris (m.) smell offendō, -ere, offendī, offensum offend offerō, offerre, obtulī, oblatum offer, bring forward officium, -iī (n.) duty, office offirmō (obfirmō) (1) be firm, be obstinate oleum, oleī (n.) oil omnīnō (adv.) at all **omnis, omne each, all, every onager, onagris (m.) wild ass onus, oneris (n.) burden onustus, -a, -um loaded, burdened opera, -ae (f.) work, labor operiō, -īre, -uī, opertum cover operor (1) work

DICTIONARY

137

oportet, oportuit it is fitting *opprimō, -ere, oppressī, oppressum oppress, crush *opprobrium, -iī (n.) shame optimātēs, -um (m. pl.) aristocrats optimē (adv.) very well *opus, operis (n.) deed, work ōrātiō, -ōnis (f.) speech, prayer orbis, orbis (f.) circle, world, earth ordinō (1) set in order, station ordō, ordinis (m.) order organum, -ī (n.) organ oriens, -entis east orientālis, -e east, eastern, of the east orior, -īrī, ortus sum arise ornātus, -ūs (m.) adornment orō (1) beg, pray *ōs, ōris (n.) mouth *os, ossis (n.) bone *ostendō, -ere, ostendī, ostensum (ostentum) show ostensiō, -ōnis (f.) showing ostium, -iī (n.) door *ovis, ovis (m./f.) sheep pābulum, -ī (n.) food, fodder palam (adv.) out in the open palātium, -iī (n.) palace palea, -ae (f.) straw *pallium, -iī (n.) garment, cloak palmus, -ī (m.) palm, span (breadth of 12 fingers) palus, palūdis (f.) swamp, marsh paluster (palustris), palustre swampy, marshy pangō, -ere, panxī (pepigī), panctum (pactum) sing, compose, establish *pānis, pānis (m.) bread, loaf papyriō, -ōnis (f.) papyrus marsh parātus, -a, -um prepared parcō, -ere, pepercī, parcitum (+ dat.) spare pardus, -ī (m.) leopard pariēs, parietis (m.) wall *pariō, -ere, peperī, partum give birth, bear a child *parō (1) prepare

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*pars, partis (f.) part, portion partus, -ūs (m.) childbirth *parvulus, -a, -um small, little, lowly; infant (m./f. as subst.) *pascō, -ere, pāvī, pastum feed; graze (passive as refl./mid.) *pascua, -ae (f.) pasture pastor, -ōris (m.) shepherd pastōrālis, -e belonging or relating to a shepherd pastus, -ūs (m.) food, pasture *pater, patris (m.) father patrō (1) accomplish pauculus, -a, -um few paululum (paullulum) (adv.) a little *pauper, pauperis poor; poor person (m. as subst.) paveō, -ēre, pavī quake, fear pavīmentum, -ī (n.) pavement of tiles pavor, -ōris (m.) fear, terror pax, pācis (f.) peace *peccātor, -ōris (m.) sinner *peccātum, -ī (n.) sin, crime *peccō (1) sin pecus, pecoris (n.) cattle, herd, flocks pelagus, -ī (n.) ocean, sea *pellis, pellis (f.) skin penna, -ae (f.) feather, wing, flight *per (prep. + acc.) through, throughout pēra, -ae (f.) bag, pouch perambulō (1) walk over *percutiō, -ere, -cussī, -cussum strike, strike down, kill perdō, -ere, -didī, -ditum destroy perdūcō, -ere, -duxī, -ductum lead to, bring, lead pereō, -īre, -iī, -itum perish perfectus, -a, -um perfect, complete perficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectum finish *pergō, -ere, perrexī, perrectum proceed, go perīclitor (1) be in danger permaneō, -ēre, -mansī, -mansum remain, persist Persa (Persēs), -ae (m.) a Persian *persequor, -sequī, -secūtus sum pursue, persecute persevērō (1) continue perterreō, -ēre, -uī, -itum frighten, terrify

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139

perterritus, -a, -um very frightened pertineō, -ēre, -tinuī pertain pertingō, -ere extend perveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventum arrive at, reach *pēs, pedis (m.) foot pessimus, -a, -um worst (superlative of malus) pestilentia, -ae (f.) pestilence petītiō, -ōnis (f.) request, beg petō, -ere, -īvī (-iī), -ītum seek, ask phalanga, -ae (f.) band, phalanx, battle line Pharaō, -ōnis (m.) Pharaoh Pherezaeus, -ī (m.) Perizzite Philisthaeus, -ī (m.) a Philistine Philisthiim (m. pl.) the Philistines Philisthīnus, -a, -um Philistine; a Philistine (m. as subst.) Phitom (Phittom) Phithom or Pithom (an Egyptian city) Phua (f.) Phua or Puah (a Hebrew midwife) pietās, -ātis (f.) goodness, piety, holiness pincerna, -ae (f.) cup bearer, butler pinguēdō, -inis (f.) fat pinguis, pingue fat, strong piscis, piscis (m.) fish pistor, -ōris (m.) baker pix, pīcis (f.) pitch placeō, -ēre, -uī, -itum please planta, -ae (f.) sole plantō (1) plant plebs, plēbis (f.) people *plēnus, -a, -um (+ gen. or abl.) full, full of, plentiful plōrō (1) weep, lament plumbum, -ī (n.) lead plūs, plūris more (comparative of magnus); plus quam (plusquam) more than polenta, -ae (f.) barley pōmifer, -a, -um producing fruit, fruit-bearing pondus, ponderis (n.) weight **pōnō, -ere, posuī, positum put, place *populus, -ī (m.) people *porrō (adv.) but, moreover, furthermore porta, -ae (f.) gate

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portō (1) carry possessiō, -ōnis (f.) possession possideō, -ēre, -sēdī, -sessum possess **possum, posse, potuī be able, can **post (adv. or prep. + acc.) after posteā (adv.) afterwards postquam (conj.) after potens, -entis powerful; powerful man (m. as subst.) *potestās, -ātis (f.) power pōtus, -ūs (m.) drink praecēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessum precede praeceptum, -ī (n.) command praecīdō, -ere, -cīdī, -cīsum cut off *praecipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum order praeclārus, -a, -um excellent praecō, -ōnis (m.) herald praedicātiō, -ōnis (f.) proclamation praedicō (1) proclaim praefectus, -ī (m.) overseer, commander, governor praeficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectum set someone (acc.) over someone/thing (dat.) praefor, -fārī, -fātus sum speak before praeoccupō (1) come before, anticipate, hasten praeparātus, -a, -um prepared praeparō (1) prepare *praepōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positum place someone (acc.) over someone/thing (dat.) praepositus, -ī (m.) overseer praesāgus, -a, -um predicting *praesum, -esse, -fuī (+ dat.) be over, rule praeter (prep. + acc.) besides, except for praevaleō, -ēre, -uī prevail praevāricor (1) walk crookedly, transgress praevideō, -ēre, -vīdī, -vīsum see before, foresee premō, -ere, pressī, pressum oppress *prīmogenitus, -a, -um firstborn prīmus, -a, -um first *princeps, -cipis (m.) leader, commander principālis, -e perfect, free principātus, -ūs (m.) principality, rule

DICTIONARY principium, -iī (n.) beginning *prior, prius (gen. prioris) earlier prius (adv.) earlier priusquam (conj.) before prō (prep. + abl.) for, on behalf of *probō (1) prove, test prōcedō, -ere, -cessī, -cessum proceed prōcēritās, -ātis height prōcidō, -ere, -cidī fall, fall down, fall forward procul (adv.) at a distance *prōdūcō, -ere, -duxī, -ductum produce, bring forth *proelium (praelium), -iī (n.) battle prōferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātum bring forth profundum, -ī (n.) depth *projiciō, -ere, -jēcī, -jectum throw, cast forth prōloquor, -loquī, -lōcutus sum speak out prōmoveō, -ēre, -mōvī, -mōtum push forward, promote prōnuntiō (1) declare, pronounce properē (adv.) quickly prophēta, -ae (m.) prophet propitiātiō, -ōnis (f.) appeasement, atonement prōpōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positum place over, set (a table) prōpositus, -ī (m.) overseer **propter (prep. + acc.) because of prosperē (adv.) prosperously prosperō (or prosperor, etc.) (1) prosper prosperus (prosper), -a, -um prosperous, useful, good prosternō, -ere, -strāvī, -strātum (+ sē) prostrate oneself prostrātus, -a, -um prostrate prōtegō, -ere, -texī, -tectum cover prōtinus (adv.) immediately prōvideō, -ēre, -vīdī, -vīsum provide prōvincia, -ae (f.) province *proximus, -a, -um nearby; neighbor (m. as subst.) prūdentia, -ae (f.) wisdom, prudence *psalmus, -ī (m.) psalm, song *psaltērium, -iī (n.) psaltery (stringed instrument like a lute) puella, -ae (f.) girl, slave girl, serving girl *puer, puerī (m.) boy, slave pugna, -ae (f.) fight, battle

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*pugnō (1) fight, do battle **pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum beautiful, handsome pulchritūdō, -inis (f.) beauty pullulō (1) sprout pulvis, pulveris (m.) dust purpura, -ae (f.) purple cloth puteus, puteī (m.) well Putiphar (m.) Potiphar putō (1) think, suppose quadrāgintā forty quaerō, -ere, quaesīvī (quaesiī), -sītum seek quaesō, -ere beg quam (adv.) how! quandō (conj. or adv.) when quantō … tantō … the more … the more … *quārē (adv.) why *quartus, -a, -um fourth *quasi (conj. or adv.) as if, like, about, approximately quattuor four **-que (conj.) and queō, quīre, quīvī (quiī) be able, can **quī, quae, quod who, which *quia (conj.) because, that *quīcumque, quaecumque, quodcumque whoever, whatever *quīdam, quaedam, quoddam (quiddam) a certain person/thing quiēs, -ētis (f.) rest, quiet quiētus, -a, -um resting quingentī, -ae, -a five hundred quinque five quintus, -a, -um fifth *quis, quid who, what quisnam, quidnam who, what (strengthened form of quis, quid) quispiam, quaepiam, quodpiam (quidpiam, quippiam) anyone/thing, someone/thing *quisquam, quaequam, quidquam (quicquam) anyone/thing *quisquis, quaequae, quidquid whoever, whatever; anyone/thing **quod (conj.) that (w. indirect statement); because, but quōmodo (adv.) how

DICTIONARY *quōniam (conj.) since, that **quoque (conj.) also *rādix, -īcis (f.) root, base rādō, -ere, rāsī, rāsum scrape Raguel (m.) Raguel or Reuel (Moses’ father-in-law = Jethro) Ramesses Ramesses or Rameses (a city in Egypt) rāmus, -ī (m.) branch rapiens, -entis ravenous, hungry ratiō, -ōnis (f.) account *recēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessum withdraw, avoid, shun recōgitō (1) think upon, take notice of recordor (1) (+ gen. or acc.) remember rectē (adv.) well; recte agere go well, do well *rectus, -a, -um upright, good recūsō (1) refuse *reddō, -ere, reddidī, redditum give back, restore redemptiō, -ōnis (f.) redemption redemptor, -ōris (m.) redeemer redimō, -ere, -ēmī, -emptum redeem refectiō, -ōnis (f.) refreshment referō, referre, rettulī, relatum refer, tell rēgīna, -ae (f.) queen *regiō, -ōnis (f.) region rēgius, -a, -um royal *regnum, -ī (n.) kingdom regō, -ere, rexī, rectum guide, direct, rule rēgulus, -ī (m.) serpent *relinquo, -ere, -līquī, -lictum leave behind rēmigō (1) row reminiscor, -ī remember rēnēs, rēnum (m. pl.) kidneys, loins; inmost thoughts repente (adv.) suddenly reperiō, -īre, repperī, repertum find, discover *repleō, -ēre, -plēvī, -plētum fill repōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positum lay up, store up *reptile, reptilis (n.) creeping animal, reptile reputō (1) consider, count requiēs, -ētis (acc. requiem) (f.) rest *requiescō, -ere, -quiēvī, -quiētum rest requīrō, -ere, requīsīvī (requīsiī), requīsītum seek

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*rēs, rēī (f.) thing reservō (1) save resistō, -ere, -stitī oppose, stand against, resist respiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectum look upon *respondeō, -ēre, -spondī, -sponsum reply restituō, -ere, -uī, -ūtum restore resurgō, -ere, -rexī, -rectum rise again resurrectiō, -ōnis (f.) getting up, arising retineō, -ēre, -tinuī, -tentum hold back, keep retrō (adv.) backwards, earlier retrūdō, -ere put away, cast away *revertō (or revertor, etc.), -ere, -vertī, -versum come back, return **rex, rēgis (m.) king *rīpa, -ae (f.) bank (of a river), river bank rixor (1) quarrel, fight rōbur, -oris (m.) strength rōbustus, -a, -um strong, powerful rogō (1) ask, request, entreat rōs, rōris (m.) dew *rubus, ī (m.) bush rūfus, -a, -um red, ruddy rugiō, -īre roar rugītus, -ūs (m.) roaring, groaning ruō, -ere, ruī, rutum rush, fall down **rursum or rursus (adv.) again *sabbatum, -ī (n.) Sabbath Sabaeus, -ī (m.) a Sabean sabulum, -ī (n.) sand saccus, -ī (m.) sack, sack cloth sacerdōs, -ōtis (m.) priest sacrāmentum, -ī (n.) solemn obligation, secret, mystery *sacrificium, -iī (n.) sacrifice saeculum, -ī (n.) time, age; in saeculum saeculi forever and ever saltem (adv.) at least, anyhow, surely salūs, salūtis (f.) health, safety, salvation salūtāre, -āris (n.) health, salvation salvātor, -ōris (m.) savior *salvō (1) save salvus, -a, -um saved, safe, whole

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145

*sambūca, -ae (f.) sackbut (a musical instrument like a small harp) Samma (m.) Samma or Shammah (David’s brother) *sanctificō (1) make holy, sanctify *sanctum, -ī (n.) holy place, sanctuary, temple *sanctus, -a, -um holy sanguis, -guinis (m.) blood, bloodshed saniēs, saniēī (f.) infection, sore *sapiens, -entis wise, knowing; wise man (m. as subst.) sapienter (adv.) wisely, craftily *sapientia, -ae (f.) wisdom sarabāra (sarabāla), -ōrum (n. pl.) trousers (esp. baggy pants worn in the East) sarcina, -ae (f.) baggage Satan (m.) Satan satis (adv.) enough, quite *satrapēs, -is (satrapae, -ārum, pl.) (m.) satrap (a Babylonian official) saturitās, -ātis (f.) fullness saturō (1) fill; fill oneself with (passive as refl./mid.) Saul (m.) Saul (the first King of Israel) scelerātē (adv.) wickedly scelus, sceleris (n.) sin, crime *scientia, -ae (f.) knowledge scindō, -ere, scidī, scissum tear *sciō, -īre, sciī (scīvī), scītum know scirpeus, -a, -um of bulrushes, wicker scrībō, -ere, scripsī, scriptum write scriptūra, -ae (f.) writing sculpō, -ere, sculpsī, sculptum chisel, carve sculptilis, -e sculpted; sculpted image, idol (n. as subst.) sēcrētum, -ī (n.) secret, mystery secundō (adv.) a second time *secundum (prep. + acc.) according to *secundus, -a, -um second secus (prep. + acc.) by, beside sed (conj.) but *sedeō, -ēre, sēdī, sessum sit sella, -ae (f.) seat, chair *sēmen, sēminis (n.) seed sēmentis, -entis (f.) seed, seed corn

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sēmet = sē himelf, herself, itself, themselves *sēmita, -ae (f.) path *semper (adv.) always sempiternus, -a, -um eternal, everlasting; eternity (n. as subst.) senātor, -ōris (m.) senator, council member senex, senis (m.) old man sensus, -ūs (m.) sense sententia, -ae (f.) opinion, sentence sentiō, -īre, sensī, sensum feel Sephora (f.) Sephora, Shiphrah (a Hebrew midwife), or Zipporah (Moses’ wife) *septem seven *septimus, -a, -um seven, seventh septuplum, -ī (n.) seven times sepulchrum, -ī (n.) tomb, sepulcher **sequor, sequī, secūtus sum follow *sermō, -ōnis (m.) conversation, story, word *serviō, -īre, -īvī (-iī), -ītum (+ dat.) serve servitūs, -ūtis (f.) servitude *servō (1) save, preserve *servus, -ī (m.) slave, servant sessiō, -ōnis (f.) a sitting down *sex six sexāgintā sixty sexcentī, -ae, -a six hundred sextus, -a, -um sixth sexus, -ūs (m.) sex, gender **sī (conj.) if *sīc (adv.) thus, so sicca, -ae (f.) dry land siclus, -ī (m.) shekel (a coin) *sīcut (conj.) just as, as, like Sidrach (m.) Shadrach (a young Jewish man in Babylon) *signum, -ī (n.) sign silentium, -iī (n.) silence silex, silicis (m.) flint, stone *similis, -e similar, like similtūdō, -inis (f.) likeness *simplex, simplicis simple, pure simplicitās, -ātis (f.) simplicity, purity

DICTIONARY

147

simul (adv.) at the same time, together singulāris, -e single *singulus, -a, -um each, every; per singulos (dies) every day sinistra, -ae (f.) left hand sinō, -ere, sīvī, situm leave, allow, permit sinus, -ūs bosom, breast Sīon Zion (a hill in Jerusalem; often used as metonymy for Jerusalem) sitiō, -īre, -īvī be thirsty, thirst socer (socerus), socerī (m.) father-in-law Socho Socoh or Sochoh (a city in Judea) sōl, sōlis (m.) the sun solitum, -ī (n.) what is usual solium, -iī (n.) throne *sōlus, -a, -um alone solūtiō, -ōnis (f.) solution, explanation solvō, -ere, solvī, solūtum loosen, untie *somnium, -iī (n.) dream somnus, -ī (m.) sleep sonitus, -ūs (m.) sound sonō, -āre, sonuī, sonitum sound, resound sonus, -ī (m.) sound sopor, -ōris (m.) sleep soror, -ōris (f.) sister sors, sortis (f.) lot; sortem mittere to cast lots spatiōsus, -a, -um large, spacious *speciēs, speciēī (f.) appearance, kind spernō, -ere, sprēvī, sprētum despise, scorn *spērō (1) hope spēs, speī (f.) hope *spīca, -ae (f.) ear of grain *spīritus, -ūs (m.) breath, spirit spurius, -iī (m.) ignoble or base person, bastard squālor, -ōris (m.) filthiness, neglect *squāmātus, -a, -um with scales, scaly statēra, -ae (f.) scale, balance *statim (adv.) immediately *statua, -ae (f.) statue statuō, -ere, -uī, -ūtum cause to stand, establish stella, -ae (f.) star

148

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sterilitās, -ātis (f.) sterility, barrenness sterquilīnium, -iī (n.) dung heap stilus (stylus), -ī (m.) pen stipula, -ae (f.) stalk stirps, stirpis (f.) stock, family **stō, stāre, stetī, statum stand stola, -ae (f.) cloak strātum, -ī (n.) covering, bed *stultus, -a, -um stupid stupeō, -ēre, -uī be amazed stuprum, -ī (n.) shameful act, disgrace suāvis, -e sweet *sub (prep. + acc. or abl.) under subjiciō, -ere, -jēcī, -jectum subdue sublevō (1) lift up support sublīmis, -e high, lofty subsequor, -sequī, -secūtus sum follow after *substantia, -ae (f.) substance, goods subter (adv. or prep. + acc. or abl.) beneath, under subveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventum help, come up to subvertō, -ere, -vertī, -versum overthrow, destroy succēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessum follow, succeed in office succendō, -ere, -cendī, -censum set on fire, heat succīdō, -ere, -cīdī, -cīsum cut down succlāmō (1) cry out suffocō (1) choke, suffocate **sum, esse, fuī be sūmō, -ere, sumpsī, sumptum take up **super (prep + acc.) on, above, concerning, over, in charge of, beyond superbia, -ae (f.) pride superbus, -a, -us proud superficiēs, -ēī (f.) surface superō (1) surpass superveniō, -īre, -vēnī, ventum come upon suprā (adv.) above *surgō, -ere, -rexī, -rectum rise up surrectiō, -ōnis (f.) getting up surripiō, -ere, -ripuī, -reptum steal, sneak up on, deceive susceptiō, -ōnis (f.) a taking in hand, reception, protection

DICTIONARY

149

*suscipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum undertake, receive suscitō (1) lift up, elevate suspendō, -ere, -pendī, -pensum hang suspīciō, -ōnis (f.) suspicion sustineō, -ēre, -tinuī, -tentum endure, wait for **suus, -a, -um his, her, its, their own *symphōnia, -ae (f.) music, symphony tabernāculum, -ī (n.) tent tābescō, -ere, tabuī pine away tacitus, -a, -um quiet, silent tālis, -e such tam … quam … as much … as … *tamquam (tanquam) (conj.) like *tangō, -ere, tetigī, tactum touch tantum (adv.) only tantummodo (adv.) only tantus, -a, -um so much, so great, such; in tantum to such a degree; quanto … tanto … the more … the more … taurus, -ī (m.) bull tegō, -ere, texī, tectum cover tempestās, -ātis (f.) storm templum, -ī (n.) temple temptātiō (tentātiō), -ōnis (f.) temptation temptō (tentō) (1) test, try, attempt *tempus, temporis (n.) time, season tēmulentus, -a, -um drunken *tenebrae, -ārum (f. pl.) darkness teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tentum hold *tenuis, -e slender, thin terebinthus, -ī (f.) a terebinth tree terminus, -ī (m.) limit, boundary **terra, -ae (f.) earth, land, country terribiliter (adv.) fearfully, wonderfully *tertius, -a, -um third testa, -ae (f.) potsherd, pottery fragment testimōnium, -iī (n.) testimony texō, -ere, texuī, textum weave Tharsis Tarshish (a city) tiāra, -ae (f.) turban *timeō, -ēre, -uī fear, be afraid, honor

150

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timor, -ōris (m.) fear tingō (tinguō), -ere, tinxī, tinctum wet, moisten tollō, -ere, sustulī, sublātum take away tondeō, -ēre, totondī, tonsum shear, cut hair torpeō, -ēre, torpuī be sluggish torquēs (torquis), torquis (m./f.) necklace, collar torrens, -entis (m.) stream totidem just as many, the same number **trādō, -ere, trādidī, trāditum hand over, deliver, betray *transeō, -īre, -īvī (-iī), -itum cross over, pass by tremescō (tremiscō), -ere, -uī tremble tremō, -ere, tremuī tremble *trēs, tria three tribūlātiō, -ōnis (f.) tribulation trībulō (1) afflict tribūnus, -ī (m.) tribune, captain tribuō, -ere, -uī, -ūtum give, grant *tribus, -ūs (tribubus, dat. and abl. pl.) tribe tribūtum, -ī (n.) tribute trīgintā thirty **tū you *tuba, -ae (f.) trumpet *tunc (adv.) then tunica, -ae (f.) tunic, robe turma, -ae (f.) band, troop **tuus, -a, -um your tympanum, -ī (n.) drums, timbrel tyrannus, -ī (m.) ruler ūber, -eris (n.) breast ūbertās, -ātis richness, plenty **ubī (ubi) (adv.) where, when ulcus, ulceris (n.) boil, sore ultor, -ōris (m.) avenger umbra, -ae (f.) shade, shadow umbraculum, -ī (n) shade umerus, -ī (m.) shoulder uncomedō, -ere eat together unde (adv.) whence, from where unguis, unguis (m.) fingernail or toenail ūnica, -ae (f.) only one, dear one

DICTIONARY

151

ūnicornis, -is (m.) unicorn *ūniversus, -a, -um entire, all **ūnus, -a, -um one unusquisque everyone *urbs, urbis (f.) city ūrēdō, -inis (f.) rust, blight urgeō, -ēre, ursī press, urge ūrō, -ere, ussī, ustum burn *ursus, -ī (m.) bear *usque (adv.) all the way ūsus, -ūs (m.) use **ut (adv. and conj.) as, when (w. indicative); in order to, to (purpose clause); with the result that, that (result clause) uter, utra, utrum both, either, each *uterus, -ī (m.) womb utīque (adv.) indeed *uxor, -ōris (f.) wife vacuus, -a, -um void *vādō, -ere, vāsī go vāgīna, -ae (f.) sheath vāgiō, -īre, -īvī (-iī) cry *valdē (adv.) very, greatly valenter (adv.) strongly valeō, -ēre, -uī be strong, be able *valles (vallis), vallis (f.) valley vallō (1) fortify, make a hedge around, protect vānitās, -ātis (f.) vanity, uselessness vanum, -ī (n.) vain, vainness vāsa, -ōrum (n. pl.) vessels vastō (1) destroy, lay waste vēcors, -ordis foolish; fool (m. as subst.) vectis, vectis (m.) bar, bolt vehemens, -entis violent vehementer (adv.) exceedingly *vel (conj. or adv.) or, even vēlāmentum, -ī (n.) shade vēlox, -ōcis quick **veniō, -īre, vēnī, ventum come *venter, ventris (m.) stomach, womb *ventus, -ī (m.) wind

152

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**verbum, -ī (n.) word, reason, cause vērē (adv.) truly, really, indeed vēritās, -ātis (f.) truth vermis, vermis (m.) worm *vērō (adv.) but, truly vertex, verticis (m.) top, top of the head vērumtamen (conj.) nevertheless vērus, -a, -um true *vescor, vescī (+ abl.) feed on, eat *vesper, -eris (vesperī) (m.) evening *vester, vestra, vestrum your (pl.) vestīgium, -iī (n.) trace, sign *vestīmentum, -ī (n.) garment, clothing vestiō, -īre, -īvī (-iī), -itum clothe, put on *vestis, vestis (f.) garment, clothing *via, -ae (f.) road, way victima, -ae (f.) victim, sacrificial victim vidēlicet (adv.) namely, that is **videō, -ēre, vīdī, vīsum see vigil, vigilis (m.) watchman vigilia, -ae (f.) watch, night watch, vigil vigilō (1) stay awake, keep watch vīgintī twenty vinciō, -īre, vinxī, vinctum bind, tie up vincō, -ere, vīcī, victum conquer, overcome vinctus, -a, -um bound vinctus, -ī (m.) prisoner vinculum, -ī (n.) chain, fetter, band *vīnum, -ī (n.) wine **vir, virī (m.) man, husband virectum, -ī (n.) green place, glade *virens, -entis green *virga, -ae (f.) rod *virtūs, -ūtis (f.) virtue, strength, power vīs, vī (dat. and abl. sing.), vim (acc. sing.), vīrēs, vīrium (pl.) (f.) power viscus, visceris (n.) flesh; organs, bowels (pl.) vīsiō, -ōnis (f.) sight, vision vīsitō (1) see, visit; bring on (as a punishment) *vīta, -ae (f.) life

153 *vitulus, -ī (m.) bull, calf *vīvō, -ere, vixī, victum live *vōciferor (1) cry out **vocō (1) call *volātilis, -e flying; bird (n. as subst.) *volō, velle, voluī wish, want, like, love volucris, -is (f.) bird voluntās, -ātis (f.) will **vōs you (pl.) vōtum, -ī (n.) vow, prayer voveō, -ēre, vōvī, vōtum vow *vox, vōcis (f.) voice vulpēs, vulpis (f.) fox vultus, -ūs (m.) expression, countenance zēlōtēs, -ae (m.) jealous person, jealous one