A Glossary of Mycology: Revised Edition [Rev. ed. Reprint 2014] 9780674435537, 9780674435520

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A

G L O S S A R Y

O F

M Y C O L O G Y

A GLOSSARY OF MYCOLOGY

Walter H. Snell § Esther A. Dick

With Illustrations byHenry A. C. Jackson

Revised Edition

1971

Harvard University Press

Cambridge, Massachusetts

©

1957, 1971

by the President and Fellows of Harvard College

All rights reserved

Distributed in Great Britain by Oxford University Press, London

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 77-134946 SBN 674-35451-6

Printed in the United States of America

In affectionate m e m o r y of SAMUEL CHESTER DAMON, II, 1923-1952 who was deeply i n t e r e s t e d in the p r o g r e s s of this volume.

F o r the modest T h r e e Thousand Mycological T e r m s the following quotation f r o m Samuel Johnson was pertinent:

Dictionaries a r e like watches; the worst is b e t t e r than none, and the best cannot be expected to go quite t r u e .

F o r the p r e s e n t m o r e p r e t e n t i o u s volume, another quotation f r o m the s a m e s o u r c e s e e m s a p p r o p r i a t e :

Every other author may a s p i r e to p r a i s e ; the l e x i c o g r a p h e r can only hope to escape r e p r o a c h .

P R E F A C E A c a s u a l inspection of this volume will demonstrate that many of the t e r m s a r e not p r i m a r i l y mycological, s t r i c t l y cannot be called mycological at all.

The justification

for the inclusion of these t e r m s i s their u s e f u l n e s s to students of mycology, their p r e s e n c e in mycological literature or general literature of i n t e r e s t to m y c o l o g i s t s . An attempt has been made to gather together in one place a s many a s p o s s i b l e of such t e r m s , whatever their origin o r application, whether modern or obsolete, popular or trivial, old wives' t e r m s o r s c i e n t i f i c p h r a s e s , and to s e t down their meanings as accurately and p r e c i s e l y a s has been p o s s i b l e under the c i r c u m s t a n c e s .

The labor

has been great, the time consumed has been long, and the difficulties have been many. Old t e r m s have come to be u s e d in new s e n s e s . quite different meanings. terms.

Many t e r m s are used with s e v e r a l

It has been difficult to find p r e c i s e l y what is meant by s o m e

And the c o i n e r s of new t e r m s have been content to allow r e a d e r s to puzzle

out the idea the new word was intended to convey or the l i m i t s to be set. One inclusion of a not s t r i c t l y mycological nature i s the color t e r m s of the Répertoire de Couleurs.

T h e s e t e r m s were added in r e s p o n s e to a few pleas after the

appearance of Three Thousand Mycological T e r m s .

Since the c o l o r s of the Répertoire

appear in a r t i c l e s in foreign languages and even in s o m e English ones, and s i n c e the Répertoire i s not a c c e s s i b l e to all and Ridgway's Color Standards i s available to most, the request was that the approximate equivalents be given in a future work.

This has

been done to the best of our ability, and, even in view of the personal factor and the frequently e x p r e s s e d dissatisfaction with Ridgway's c o l o r s and color t e r m s , it i s felt that the approximations are helpful, if not completely valuable. The c o m p i l e r s are grateful to many individuals for a s s i s t a n c e in the attempt to produce o r d e r and at least a smattering of clarity.

It would take too much space to

name them all, but thanks are hereby e x p r e s s e d to all in this general manner.

We

must, however, single out one who has given consistent cooperation, advice, and a s s i s t a n c e in innumerable details, as well a s constant encouragement s i n c e the appearance of the f i r s t volume of this sort—Donald P . R o g e r s .

Our gratitude to him

i s deep and s i n c e r e . We a l s o wish to mention two o t h e r s - - P r o f e s s o r Hubert J. Dyer of the Department of Botany at Brown, for his a s s i s t a n c e with Greek and Latin derivations, and Norman C. F i s h e r , a recent student, who demonstrated a skill and a patience in typing the manuscript which matched h i s loyalty to the c o m p i l e r s and must have e x c e e d e d his interest in mycology after only a s e m e s t e r c o u r s e under our tutelage. Brown University Providence, Rhode Island October 1956

W. H. S. E. A . D .

C O N T E N T S

Explanations and Abbreviations

xiii

Plates

xvii I. Pileus and gills or tubes, xvii II. P i l e u s , xviii III. P i l e u s , xix IV. Surface, xx V. Stipe, xxi VI. Annulus and volva, xxii VII. Edges of gills and fructifications, xxiii VIII. F r u c t i f i c a t i o n s , xxiv I X . F r u c t i f i c a t i o n s , e t c . , xxv X . Aecia, xxvi X I . Setae, cystidia, marginal h a i r s , e t c . , xxvii XII. S e t a e , cystidia, e t c . , xxviii X I I I . S p o r e s , xxix X I V . S p o r e s , xxx X V . S p o r e s , xxxi

Glossary

1

E X P L A N A T I O N S AND ABBREVIATIONS

The words in single quotation marks occurring in the definitions or equivalents of the listed terms are to be found in their proper places in the alphabetical list. The letters in parentheses following the definitions of color terms are referable as given below.

The figures and letters accompanying the f i r s t significant capital

letter or letters represent the plate and the block in which each particular color is located. S

Saccardo, P . A . . Chromotaxia (Padua. 1891)

R

Ridgway, Robert, Color Standards and Color Nomenclature (Washington, 1912)

MP

M a e r z , Α . , and M. R . Paul, Dictionary of Color (McGraw-Hill, New Y o r k , 1930)

RC

Répertoire de Couleurs (Société Française des Chrysanthemistes et Rene ÖEerthür. P a r i s , 2 v o l s . , 1905)

Ach.

Acharius, Erik

Drechs .

Drecnsler, Charles

Alb.

Albertini, Johannes Baptista von

E.

E l l i s , J. B.

App.

Appel, Otto

E & E.

E l l i s , J. B. and Everhart, Β . M

Atk.

Atkinson, George Francis

Ehr.

Ehrhart,

Auct.

various authors

Ehrenb.

Ehrenberg, Christian Gottfried

Β.

Berkeley, M. J.

E v e r s m . Eversmann, Eduard

Bain.

Bainier, G.

Fe kl.

Fuckel, Leopold

Bals.

Balsamo, Α . Β.

Fr.

F r i e s , Elias Magnus

Β & C.

Berkeley, M. J., and Curtis, Μ. Α .

Fres.

Freseneus, G.

Beck.

Beckmann, J.

Fuck.

Fuckel, Leopold

Beijr.

Beijerinck, M. W.

Gasp.

Gasparrini, Guglielmo

Beltr.

Beltramini de Casati, F .

Gies.

Giesenhagen, K .

Berk.

Berkeley, Miles Joseph

Gilch.

Gilchrist,

Berkh.

Berkhout, C . M.

G rev.

Gre v i l l e , R . Κ .

Bjerk.

Bjerkander, C .

Grigor.

Grigoraki, L .

Bolt.

Bolton, James

Guig.

Guignard, L .

Br.

Broome, C. E .

Guill.

Guilliermond, A.

Bref.

B r e f e l d , Oscar

Hark.

Harkness, H. W.

Buism.

Buisman, Christine

Henneb.

Henneberg, W.

Bull.

Bulliard, P i e r r e

Henr.

Henrici, A . T .

Castell.

Castellani, Α .

Hook.

Hooker, William Jackson

Chalm.

Chalmers, Α .

Hots.

Hotson, J. W.

Christ.

Christopherson, I.

Huds.

Hudson, William

Cost.

Costantin, J.

Jacq.

Jacquin, Nicholas Josef von

Cub.

Cuboni, G.

Karst.

Karsten, Petter Adolf

Curt.

Curtis, Moses Ashley

Koerb.

K o e r b e r , G. G.

Candolle, Augustin Pyramus de

Koord.

K o o r d e r s , S. H.

Delacroix, G.

Krombh.

Krombholz, Julius Vincenz von

L.

Linnaeus, Carl

Lagerh.

Lagerheim, G. de

Lam.

L a m a r c k , Jean Baptiste A . P. M.

Lang.

Langeron, M.

Lehm.

Lehmann, K .

D C. De lac r . de Not. Desm.

de Notaris, G. D e s m a z i è r e s , J. B. H. J.

Det. Man. Bereev's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology Ditm.

Ditmar, L . P . F .

xiii

Fr.

T.C.

M.

Martin, George

Sad.

Sadebeck, R . E . B .

Magn.

Magnus, Paul

Sart.

S a r t o r y , A.

Mart.

Martins, C . F r . Ph. von

Sauv.

Sauvageau, C.

Mass.

M a s s e e , George Edward

Schaeff.

S c h a e f f e r , J a c o b Christian

Matr.

Matruchot, L .

Schilb.

Schilbersky, K .

Maubl.

Maublanc, A.

Schroet.

Schroeter, Josef

Megl.

Megliola, G.

Schum.

Schumacher, Heinrich

Metsch.

Metschnikoff, E l i a s

Schw.

Schweinitz, Lewis David de

Mig.

Migula, W.

Scop.

Scopoli, Johann Anton

Miloch.

Milochevitch, S.

Secr.

S e c r e t a n , Louis

Mont.

Montagne, J . F . C .

Sing.

Singer, Rolf

Mue 11.

Mueller, F e r d .

Sow.

Sowerby, J a m e s

Murr.

M u r r i l l , William Alphonso

Syd.

Sydow, P .

Nannf.

Nannfeld, J . A.

Theiss.

Theissen,

Ne um.

Neumann, J . J . and R .

Thum.

Thümen, F e l i x K a r l A. E .

Nyl.

Nylander, Wilhelm

Tuck.

T u c k e r m a n , Edward

Oed.

Oeder, Georg Christian

Tul.

Tulasne, L . R . and Ch.

Pass.

P a s s e r i n i , Giovanni

Underw.

Underwood, Lucien Marcus

Pat.

Patouillard, N a r c i s s e

Ung.

Unger, F r a n z

Perciv.

Percival,

Vaili.

Vaillant, Sébastien

Pers.

P e r s o o n , Christian Hendrik

Vili.

V i l l a r s , Dominique

Pk.

P e c k , C h a r l e s Horton

Vitt.

Vittadini, C a r l o

Prazm.

Prazmowski, A.

Vuill.

Vuillemin, P .

Prings.

P r i n g s h e i m , Natan

Waks.

Waksman, S . Α.

Quél.

Quélet, Lucien

Wallr.

Wallroth, Κ . F . W.

Raben.

Rabenhorst, Gottlob Ludwig

Web.

Weber, Georg Heinrich

Rang.

Rangel, E .

Willd.

Willdenow, C a r l Ludwig

Relk.

Relkan, R .

Wint.

Winter, G.

Roura.

Roumeguère, Casimin

Woll.

Wollenweber, H. W.

Sab.

Sabouraud, R .

Woodr.

Woodruff, H. B .

Sacc.

Saccardo, P i e r ' Andrea

Wulf.

Wulfen, F . X . von

J.

xiv

F. J.

P L A T E S

Plate I

xvii

Plate II

appendicutate 3

2

I conical

4

campanulate

and plicate

7

5

spatulate

t p

¿J

o i d

8 sessile

flabelllForm

effused-ref/exed 'resupinate

PlLEUS xviii

Plate III

I

3

2

4

substipitate

uncjulahe

^ttfgg

^

cónchate

5

di mid

ία

he

imbricate

subprufnose (lens)

Fioccose Ilens)

coralloid

PlLEUS xix

FurFuraceous (/ens)

subtomentose (/ens)

Plate IV

oppressed ψ¿ _y*\

*

/y

y

ν»

I

_

fibrillose-scaly

2

squarrose

Ιοχο 3

rimose-areo/ate or tessellately rimóse

reticulate hirsute, pubescent

li',«';' "