A Comparative Glossary of Cypriot Maronite Arabic (Arabic-English): With an Introductory Essay (Handbook of Oriental Studies: Section 1; The Near and Middle East) (English and Arabic Edition) [Bilingual ed.] 9004131981, 9789004131989

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A COMPARATIVE GLOSSARY OF CYPRIOT MARONITE ARABIC (ARABIC-ENGLISH)

HANDBOOK OF ORIENTAL STUDIES HANDBUCH DER ORIENTALISTIK SECTION ONE

THE NEAR AND MIDDLE EAST EDITED BY

H. ALTENMULLER · B. HROUDA · B.A. LEVINE · R.S. O'FAHEY K.R. VEENHOF · C.H.M. VERSTEEGH

VOLUME SEVENTY

A COMPARATIVE GLOSSARY OF CYPRIOT MARONITE ARABIC (ARABIC-ENGLISH)

A COMPARATIVE GLOSSARY OF CYPRIOT MARONITE ARABIC (ARABIC-ENGLISH) With an Introductory Essay BY

ALEXANDER BORG

BRILL

LEIDEN • BOSTON 2004

This book is printed on acid-free paper.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Borg, Alexander. A comparative Glossary of Cypriot Maronite Arabic (Arabic-English) : with an introductory essay I Alexander Borg. p. cm. - (Handbook of Oriental studies. Section 1, Near and Middle East; v. 70 = Handbuch der Orientalistik) Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. ISBN 90-04-13198-1 1. Arabic language-Dialects-Cyprus-Kormakiti-Glossaries, vocabularies, etc. 2. Arabic language-Dialects-English-Glossaries, vocabularies, etc. 3. Maronites-Cyprus-Language. I. Title. II. Handbuch der Orientalistik. Erste Abteilung, Nahe und der Mittlere Osten ; 70 Bd. PJ6901.C9B67 2003 492. 7'7095693-dc2 l

2003048108

ISSN 0169-9423 ISBN 90 04 13198 1

© Copyright 2004 by Koninklijke Brill Nv, Leiden, The Netherlands All rights reserved. No part ef this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Brill provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANDS

In Gedenken an Professor Dr. Reinhold Kontzi, Gelehrter und Zieber Freund.

CONTENTS

Acknowledgments ..................................................................................... ix Abbreviations and symbols ..................................................................... xi Bibliographical abbreviations ................................................................ xiv Foreword .................................................................................................. xvii Introduction ................................................................................................. 1 Preliminaries .. ..... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .... ... .. ... .. ....... ... .. ... .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. ...... 1 I. Aim and scope of this glossary ............................................ 4 II. Communal aspects of Cypriot Arabic ....................................... 6 III. Arabic in Cyprus ........................................................................ 16 IV. Dialectal affiliations of Cypriot Arabic ............................. 24 v. Aramaic substrata ....................................................................... 36 VI. Continuities with Christian Arabic .......................................... 53 VII. Centre vs. periphery ................................................................... 59 VIII. Diachronic trends ........................................................................69 IX. Some formal aspects of the Cypriot Arabic lexicon .............. 75 x. A cultural note on colour terms ............................................... 82 XI. This glossary ................................................................................ 86 Sources used .............................................................................................. 89 Glossary .................................................................................................... .135 English index ............................................................................................4 77

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

It is a pleasure to acknowledge my indebtedness to a number of persons and institutions whose generosity and cooperation rendered possible the preparation of the present work. I owe my greatest debt to the Maronites of Kormakiti for their readiness to share their knowledge of Cypriot Arabic-in essence, a communal vernacular-with an outsider. Over the years, my research on their language has proved to be a scientifically challenging and stimulating intellectual enterprise providing food for thought in the realms of Arabic language history, Semitic linguistics, and ethnography; these are in various degrees reflected in the present work. Cypriot Arabic is a nonliterate language; thus the researcher has mainly his field notes to fall back on. Two Maronite friends who were my principal informants throughout my inquiry and who gave unstintingly of their leisure time and hospitality have earned my lasting gratitude: Mr. Antonis Skoullos and Mrs. Christalla Antoniou. Of all my Maronite informants, too numerous to mention here, Mr. Skoullos has contributed the lion's share to the Cypriot Arabic data included in this glossary since I was able to consult him frequently throughout his undergraduate studies in Jerusalem. My previous study, Cypriot Arabic (Stuttgart 1985), and the first draft of the present investigation were the main research objectives attained in the course of an Alexander-von-Humboldt fellowship held at the Institut fur Aufiereuropaische Sprachen und Kulturen of the Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Niirnberg from January 1981 to December 1983. My fellowship was subsequently renewed at the Freie Universitat Berlin and the Universitat Freiburg im Breisgau. I thank the Alexander-von-Humboldt Foundation for its generous funding of my research on Cypriot Arabic. Given the endangered state of this little known but intriguing language, the Foundation's support towards its documentation is most timely and laudable. I acknowledge with gratitude the warm reception accorded me at their respective institutes by my sponsors: Prof. Emeritus Wolfdietrich Fischer, the late Prof. Rudolf Macuch, and Prof. Emeritus Werner Ende.

x

ACNOWLEDGMENTS

At Erlangen, I benefited from exchanges with Prof. Otto Jastrow, whose descriptive work on Anatolian Arabic and Central Neo-Aramaic has provided a vital source of comparative data in the present work. For their invaluable constructive feedback, I am also beholden to Prof. Emeritus Moshe Piamenta (Jerusalem) and Prof. Stephan Prochazka (Vienna) who generously found the time to read earlier drafts of this glossary with a critical eye and also provided lexicological data from their areas of expertise: Palestinian Arabic and the Arabic dialects of marbuta and the preceding numeral is a common Eastern dialectal trait (Pal Ar xams-tiyyam 'five

56

A comparable vocalic shift also occurs in certain Anatolian Arabic vernaculars:

bac, ybe' (Vo/Wald 53); go' 'Hunger'< gll' (Vo/Wald 94). High vowels in these dialects

can also undergo lowering in the adjacency of an emphatic or uvular consonant: ~tol:z 'roofs; daqeq 'flour' (Jastrow 1978:63ff; 1994:120) < OA sutul:z, daqlq, respectively. 57 Cf. also the exceptional Syrian forms rel;, rel:za, rel;ln (Arnold 1998:119).

30

INTRODUCTION

days'; Cai talat t-ushur'drei Monate'; Woidich 1989:201 ), CyA shows, like certain S E Anatolian Arabic dialects, the further stage of permanent agglutination of {t-} to plurals of certain high frequency nouns even when no numeral precedes: tisxur 'months: (}kyem 'days' < *tiyyam, tizmaca 'weeks: ta 'voir' from Bocthor (1864); however, neither Spiro (1895) nor Bad/Hi (1986) record it. It seems clear then that CyA and the aforementioned S E Anatolian Arabic vernaculars have preserved the first stage in the following relexification process: r>y ~ qs< ~ swf actualized in several sedentary varieties of Eastern Arabic.66 Of particular interest with respect to the historical links of CyA specifically with the qJltu dialect continuum (cf. Borg 1985:155-159) is the retention in either dialect territory of reflexes concurrently for both OA r>y and qsc (cf. Mardin, Qartmin, AZ;)X, K;)nderib, and Arb;)l; Vo/ Wald 172, 338). A striking case of a lexical archaism in CyA, is the reflex of the OA form kayyis 'acute, or sharp, or quick, intellect' (Lane 2640) yielding CyA kaes 'nice, pretty: paralleled in most other Arabic dialects by that of the historically diminutive derivative kwayyis. Though currently retained only vestigially within Eastern Arabic (cf. map 351; Behnstedt 1997:703), reflexes of the underived form appear to have been widely distributed in the Arabic colloquials of 'Greater Syria', as can be inferred

66 In the N African Arabic vernaculars, on the other hand, there appears to have been a direct shift from *rd to saf.

36

INTRODUCTION

from their incidence as loanwords in certain varieties of Western and Central Neo-Aramaic: W. Neo-Aram kayyes (Behnstedt 1997, Zoe. cit.) - Tur kii>tso (Pryml Socin 1881:132) - 'Gespann; pl ?inde (Salonen 1956: 194), Syriac ?;}mad 'conjunxit' (Brockel 631), cognate with S. Arabian cjamd (Corriente 1989:103), Egyp Ar cjand 'Jochbaum' (Behn/Woid 1994:277).

67 This form is here cited from Lentin (1995); cf. also AA al-kayyis 'the smart one' (Corriente 1977:83). Lane (Zoe. cit.) has observed that "the diminutive kuwayyis ... is much used in the present day as signifying Elegant, pretty, or beautiful" This form is also old, being well attested in the language of the Arabic papyri studied in Hopkins (1984:xlvi). The term kwayyis has established itself as a virtually pan-dialectal norm within Eastern Arabic and beyond: Syrian Arabic kwayyis/kayyis 'gut, schon; Anat Ar kwayy;}s, elativ akwas 'gut, schon, sorgfaltig, tiichtig' (Vo/Wald 374), Alep kwayyes, f kwayyse'jolie; kwayysat'jolies femmes' (Barth 735) - rur Palest/Leban kwayyis (Bauer 264), etc. 68 Dal (II, 82): "Nahe verwandt der Konstruktion des judaischen Pfluges ist die Form des Pfluges, die ich 1899 bei Aleppo kennenlernte:'

INTRODUCTION

37

Within Arabic itself, cognates of CyA sunt occur along the Syro-Lebanese continuum, for instance, in Aleppo and, most suggestively, in the Qalamun region where Aramaic is still spoken (i.e., in Masm-ed-boeux 'your sister's name; bare-ed-b, >b, bbr) and some terms of social relationship ( mr>, mr>t-, knt-) ... (Whitehead 1978:130).

Similar constraints exist in Central Neo-Aramaic, e.g., in the Turoyo and Mlal)s6 varieties (Jastrow 1994a:29), restricting direct suffixation of the enclitic pronoun to a closed list of nouns designating principally body parts and degrees of kinship: bab-i, bab-ux, bab-ax, bab-e, 'my, your (m/f), his father; etc. Cases of alienable possession require the interposition of an empty morpheme {-yo-} between the noun stem and the pronominal suffix: 'i-qri8a-y8-i 'my village: 90 Another intriguing historical trait that may well continue Aramaic substratal influence in CyA relates to the accentual pattern of lexically fused adverbial expressions with *kull as head where this lexeme regularly bears main stress: CyA kuyyom 'every day'< *kull-yawm, kulsapoc; 'ill-mannered, rude, inconsiderate person' (Babiniotis 1998:880; Triantafillidis 1998:704}, and certain Turkish and Azeri vernaculars spoken by Muslims in Persian Azerbaijan, the source of the terms kapora 'cruel; kaporula 'cruelty' (alongside kafir and kafrula, respectively) in the Jewish NeoAramaic of Urmi (Garbell 1965:314) - Zakho (J) kapora 'faithless, cruel person, giant' (Sabar 2002:188) - Qaraq kapora 'infidel, tyrant' (Khan 2002:735). It is probably also not fortuitous that this residual trait circumscribes simultaneously the geographical and socioreligious periphery of the Arabic Sprachraum. 102 For this shift in Judreo-Arabic, cf. Blau (1965:85, fn 1).

INTRODUCTION

55

two forms tended to become blurred (Blau 1966-7: II, 375). Two isolated traits also deserve mention here: the final imala reflex in naxni 'we' (cf. Chr Ar nbny; Graf 1905:16), and the reflexes of the faiS 'herbs, grasses, weeds' (Hava 125), tinye 'world, people'(= Gk Kocrµollaxre, f ;->//dxre, pl ;->lloxre 'der, die andere(n)' (Vo/Wald 4) - Pal Ar (Fellachisch) >illuxri, f >illuxra, pl >illuxriyyln 'der andere' (Bauer 14) - Egyp Ar raxar, f ruxara pl ruxrln 'der andere' (Behn/Woid 1994:159).

(vii) Like certain other Eastern Arabic dialects, CyA tends to proliferate the factitive second verbal scheme as the semantically un marked form replacing the historical Form I: CyA fattek 'unstitch' (OA fataqa); cf. Alep fataq 'decoudre; fattaq 'decoudre en plusiers endroits' (Barth 593); Pal Ar fataq!fattaq 'auftrennen' (Bauer 30); CyA kalla 'he fried; Alep qalla, Ka'b qala, Pal Ar qala (non-class Ar qalii); CyA kattef'gather (honey); Alep qattaf, Cai >attaf'pick or pluck (successively)' in contrast with Dam, Pal Ar qataf, CyA kassef'he uncovered; Alep ka5af, Pal Ar ka5af, CyA kabber'to bury; Leban Ar qabber, Alep qabar, Qart qabar; cf. OA aqbara, MLA qabara, etc.

(b) Sound shifts and homophony The distinctive surface phonology characterizing CyA lexemes when compared with cognates in other Eastern Arabic vernaculars attests to extensive diachronic restructuring of the CyA sound system, whose consonant inventory, comprising twenty-six segments, falls considerably short of those of most sedentary dialects in the area. Significantly, Cypriot Greek, the main source of adstratal interference on CyA, has twenty-five. Three paradigmatic shifts in CyA phonology merit special notice: (i) reduction in points of articulation along the back of the vocal tract arising from fusion of the three Old Arabic consonant pairs: c and g, ~ and x, and k and q into CyA c, x, and k, respectively; (ii) merger of historical emphatics with their plain counterparts; and (iii) absolute neutralization of the historical voicing contrast in stops (Borg 1984:71-2; 1985:12-16; 1997a). The following display presents a bird's-eye view of the principal correspondences between the consonant systems of CyA and OA:

OA

t,t, d > s, ~ > k,q> >> b> 8> o,~ > j> ',g, > l,J.,x,h>

CyA t -

s

[8]

k- [x] 0 p - [f] 8 0

z

x

INTRODUCTION

75

The cumulative effect of this diachronic streamlining process has occasioned fairly extensive re-etymologization yielding a proliferation of homophonic roots in this vernacular: prk 'bless, to flash (lightning)' < OA brk, brq; ktp 'write, to frown' < OA ktb, qtb; xlk 'be born, to shave, to arrive' < OA xlq, l;lq, ll;q; . ,-s-m

ism, pl -at 'name': ayso ismu xayytik? 'what's your (f) brother's name?'; taynax l-ism tell-Gayo AntreaG 'we gave him Saint Andrew's name'; l-intsan piri l-ism tel yapatu 'the husband (usually) wants [to give his son] his own father's name'; tu l-ulaton ismat ti[cfn 'they gave their children unattractive names'; OA ism, pl asmaJ (Hava 9); - Alep J;:)S;:)m, pl );:)semi 'nom' (Barth 8) - Pal Ar )ism (Jerus. auch Jusum) pl Jasami 'Name' (Bau 215) - Malt 'name: smalla (blessing uttered against the evil eye; but can also express approval and admiration) 'God forbid! what a pity! well done!': smalla 5-inti kaysua! 'God bless you, how pretty you are!'; GammaG mannislax x-xops, pkyislax tankul smalla 'when we throw bread away, we ought to say smalla' (cf. Mari;:ais 1911:127, fn 1; Becker 1909:73; Matt. XIV, 10; John VI, 12); < *ism-aJ!ah 'God's name'; - Alep sm-alla ca[ek "'que Dieu te protege!" -1-h

*alla 'God' (occurs exclusively in a few blessings and curses (see below; cf. Intro, §VI); OA aJJiih 'God' (Hava 12); [OA short stressed [a] often shifts to CyA [i] as in kilp 'dog'; the low vowel is here retained in conact with a historical emphatic [l]. On velarization of the lateral in this lexeme, cf. A. Fischer ( 1920, 1924) and Ambros (1981).]

- Alep :iaJJa 'Dieu' (clans les prieres et les formules de serment; clans les souhaits et jurements familiers' (Barth 14) - Mard aJ]a!aJJiih 'Gott' (Vo/Wald 13) - Bagh (M) :iaJJa 'God, Allah' (Wood/Bee 13), (J) :iaJJa [==} arrz11w to avoid mentioning the Deity in vain] (Mansour 1983:23) - Pal Ar alliih (a-ii meist dunkel) (Bau 141) - Malt [==} anna in curses].

allerixmu 'may God have mercy on him!'< *a!Ja-yirbamu; - Ka-m-a

ammaI 'but' (cf. Dodek Gk aµe; Dawkins 1950:536 < Tk ama); OA ammti 'but, as to, however' (Hava 13); [Within urban Eastern Arabic, this lexeme appears to have been largely replaced by bass, liiken (Dam; Sto/Ani 31), Pal Ar waliiken 'aber,' mit Suff. liikinni 'aber ich' (Bau 2). Cf. Urmi amma 'but, however' (Garbell 1965:296).]

Alep )amma 'mais'; 'des que' (Chret) (Barth 14) - Mard arrzrrza - Sii arrza 'aber, jedoch' (Jastrow 1981:236, fn 18) - itbabb (Bad/Hi 188) - Yem tbabab 'fall in love with each other' (Qafisheh 2000:97).

xabb 'love'; OA bubb; [CaC(C) is the unmarked scheme for CyA verbal nouns.]

- Leban Ar bebb 'amour' (Feghali 1938:752) - Pal Ar bubb 'Liebe, Beliebtheit' (Bau 193, 50) - Cai bubb (Bad/Hi 188). Q.-b-b2

ximpld.s, nun -e, pl -at'myrtle'; < *babb l-as (Bau 212, Barth 175); OA >as 'myrtle' (Lane 125); - Alep bamblas 'graines de myrte' (Barth 175, 178) - Dam babbelas 'die Myrtenbeere' (Wetzstein 1857:524) - Pal Ar bemblas 'Myrthe' (Bau 212), 'Myrtus communis' (Dinsmore/Dalman 1911:39). Q.-b-s

xaps (no pl) 'prison'; OA babs, pl bubus (Hava 109); - Alep babs, pl bbus 'prison' (Barth 143) - Mard babs 'Gefangnis' (Vo/Wald 108) - Pal Ar babs, pl bubus (Bau 125) - Cai babs (Bad/Hi 189) - Malt .

Q.-b-l1 xapl, pl xpel'rope'; OA babl, pl bibal!abbul!bubul (Hava 110);

194

GLOSSARY

- Alep bab;;J[, pl bbel 'corde' (Barth 144) - K;md bab;;J[ 'Strick, Seil' (Vo/Wald 108) - Pal Ar babl, pl bbal (Bau 272) - Cai babl, pl bibal! >ibbal 'rope, cord' (Bad/Hi 190) - Malt . l:i-b-12

xiplet, pittixpel (vii) 'become pregnant'; OA babilat (a) (Lane 504); -Alep b;;Jblet (a) 'devenir enceinte' (Barth 104) -Arb b;;Jbidt, t;;Jbbal 'schwanger werden' (Vo/Wald 108) - Cai biblet'she conceived' - Pal Ar biblat (a) (Bau 268) - Malt (animal). xabbel, pixabbel (v!t) 'make pregnant': xabbila 'he made her pregnant' (Frangiskou 142); OA babbala!abbala (Hava 110); - Alep babbal 'rendre enceinte, feconder' (Barth 144) - Bagh (M) babbal 'make pregnant' (Wood/Bee 90) - Pal Ar babbal 'schwangern' (Bau 268) - Cai babbil (Bad/Hi 190). xuple, pl xpala 'pregnant'; OA bublti, pl babtilti (Hava 110); -Alep b;;Jble, pl babala'enceinte' (Barth 144) - Dam bablane!bamel! bamle, pl bawtimel 'pregnant' (Sto/ Ani 178) - I:fama b;;Jb[e 'schwanger' (Lewin 1966:*30*) - Ka sbb > sxx; cf. the analogous trend in Pal Ar warra 'zeigen' (Bau 372) - Sa'd rawwa (Behnstedt 1987:200).]

- Alep bseyes 'diverses especes d'herbe; sg basts 'de l'herbe' (Barth 159) - Darag bsts 'Gras, Unkraut' (Vo/Wald 115) - Hask basts pl -at 'Gras, angebautes Getreide' (Talay 2002:73) - Bagh (M) bastsa 'hemp, hashish' (Wood/Bee 103) - Pal Ar bastS'Gras' (Bau 141) - Malt 'grass, vegetables, herbs.' ~-s-y

5xa (f 5xiet), pkyi5xi 'insert, thrust, put inside': 5xayt x-xops xost f-forn 'I put the bread inside the oven'; OA basa (u) 'fill up, stuff (cushion)' (Hava 126);

[Cf. the analogous metathesis in bky, and wk>.]

- Alep basa (i) 'farcir, bourrer' (Barth 160) - Az ba5a, tbsi 'stopfen, fallen' (Vo/Wald 115) - Bagh (M) bisalbassa 'stuff' (Wood/Bee 104) Pal Ar basa (i) 'ausfiillen' (Bau 291) - Cai ba5a (i) (Bad/Hi 208) - Malt . ~-$-d

xiset, pkyaxset (v/t) 'reap, harvest'; OA ba?ada (i!u) (Hava 127); - Alep ba?ad (o) 'moissonner, faucher (le ble)' (Barth 161) - Mard ba?ad (d) 'ernten, mahen (Getreide, Gras)' (Vo/Wald 116) - Bagh (M) bi?ad (i) 'reap, harvest' (Wood/Bee 105) - Pal Ar ba?ad (u) (Bau 100) Cai ba?ad (u) 'harvest' (Bad/Hi 191) - Malt . maxsut, f -a, pl -in (pp) 'reaped' < Ar mab?iid. xsat'harvest': z-zman tel-ixsat'harvest-time'; OA bi?ad (Hava 127); - Alep b?ad 'moisson' (Barth 161) - Sneb b?ad'Ernte' (Vo/Wald 116) - Bagh (M) ba?id!ba?ad (Wood/Bee 105) - Cai ba?dlba?ad (vn) (Bad/Hi 208) - Malt . ~-$-r

xsire, pl xser (< *b?eyer) 'mat'; OA ba?tra, pl ba?a)ir'drying-floor for

dates,' nonclass 'mat' (Hava 127); - Alep ba?tra, pl bd?dr'natte' (Barth 161) - Pal Ar ba?tra, pl bu?or 'straw mat' (Spoer/Haddad 1909:60) - Cai ba?tra, pl bu?rlba?ayir 'reed mat' (Bad/Hi 208) - Malt .

GLOSSARY

203

l:i-~-1

maksul 'yield (harvest)' < *maxsul: x-xakle pittati maksul 'the field yields a harvest';< CyG TO µa~ouA.tv (Yangoullis 1997:178) < *maxsul < Tk mahsul 'Erzeugnis' (Steuerwald 1972:599) < OA mab?i1l 'result'

(Hava 128), MLA 'yield' (Wehr 213); - Alep mab?i1l 'dime pen;:ue par le gouvernement ottoman sur les recoltes' (Barth 162) - Dam kan ft mab?i1l ha"el mn ;)l-batata has-s;me 'there was a giant crop of potato this year' (Sto/Ani 103) - Bagh (M) mab?i11 pl mabafil 'produce, crop, harvest, yield, grain' (Wood/Bee 106) - Pal Ar mab?i1l 'Ertrag' (Bau 103) - Egyp Ar mab?i1l 'Erntezeit' (Behn/Woid 1999:93). [Cf. Dodek Gk µa~ouA.t 'product of a field' (Dawkins 1950:546).]

l:i-d-r

xa8er, f xa8re, pl xa8rin 'ready, ready-made; on the point of, nearly': alok I-easel psal-Gkulluru8kyac mannistrix xa8er, ma-Zina xarrup alok mnawna 'nowadays we buy ready-made carob syrup (lit. honey) for doughnuts; carobs are no longer available here'; kan xa8er tezi u katrux corpa 'he was on his way here but visitors detained him'; kan xa8er temut'he nearly died'; o xa8er tetfa88a mis-socol 'he will shortly knock

off work'; OA ba1#r'present' (Lane 590); - Alep ba~er 'present, pret, tout prepare' (Barth 163) - Bagh (M) bat;lir'present, ready' (Wood/Bee 107) - Pal Ar batJir'dabei' (Bau 71), batJir!bi-batJir 'rechtzeitig' (Kampff 1936: 15).

xa8er (n) 'memorial, namesake (e.g., of a dead person)': salu fil-ism tel-yapati, savax xa8er tel-yapati u sal Antoni 'he conferred on him

(his godson) my father's name to preserve his memory and called him Anthony'; OA bat;lir'present: [On papponymy, see Borg/Kresse! (2001, passim).]

l:i-d-n

xi8en, pkyax8en (v!t) 'embrace': xi8na tepusa 'he embraced and kissed her'; OA bat;lana (u) (Hava 129); - Alep batJan (o) 'tenir clans son giron, presser sur son sein (enfant)' (Barth 163) - Cai bat;lan (u) 'embrace' (Bad/Hi 211) - Malt