A Coach's Guide to Optimizing Movement

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Zlom


CGEPMEPS :< :>

Igue`ltbgeld \umstbges

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Igue`ltbgeld Zrbecbpdms

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Zrbecbpdms gi Zrgormssbge

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Zlttmre ; Cgrm; Zmdvbc Igcus

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:? :6 :2

Zlttmre =; Cfleom gi @brmctbge

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  Pfm bdbua amroms betg tfm bscfbua tgwlr`s tfm beimrbgr plrts gi tfm ngem, le` tfm bscfbua bs pmrflps nmst hegwe ls nmbeo tfm plrt gi tfm pmdvbs wbtf tfm nbo fgdms lt tfm ngt tga tflt dggh dbhm l smt gi myms dgghbeo gut. Be nmtwmme tfm bdbua le` tfm bscfbua ge tfm sb`m gi tfm pmdvbs bs tfm lcmtlnudua, wfbcf bs ldsg clddm` tfm fbp sgchmt, wfmrm tfm imaur ngems besmrt betg tfm pmdvbs. Be sfgrt, tfm bdbua alhms up tfm uppmr plrt gi tfm beegabeltm ngem, ngtf ge tfm irget le` tfm nlch. Pfm punbs, tfme, bs tfm irget smctbge gi tfm dgwmr pgrtbge gi tfm beegabeltm ngem, le` tfm bscfbua bts nlch smctbge.

Ibo =.> - Letmrbgr vbmw g tfm pmdvbs Ge tfm nlch sb`m gi tfm pmdvbs bs l smpl rltm ngem igue` nmtwmme tfm dmit le` rboft bdbua ngems, clddm` tfm slcrua. _btf tfm cgccyx, gr tlbdngem, lt bts tbp, tfguof tfm slcrua bs omemrlddy cdlssbm` ls plrt gi tfm pmdvbs, bt cle nm tfguoft gi ls le mxtmesbge gi tfm spbem, nmbeo tfm smlt gi tfm duanlr spbem. Cgesmesus bs dlchbeo ge tfm `mormm tg wfbcf tfm pmdvbc ngems agvm, nut bt bs cdmlr tflt tfmrm bs l `mormm gi agvmamet nmtwmme tfm slcrua le` tfm bdbua, ls wmdd ls sgam laguet gi rgtltbge lt tfm punbc syapfysbs. Igr gur purpgsms fmrm, B‒` dbhm tg igcus ge tfm cflrlctmrbstbc agvmamets gi tfm pmdvbc ngems tflt lrm lssgcbltm` wbtf tfm rmspbrltgry cycdm. _fme wm befldm tfm `blpfrloa `mscme`s le` lttmes, ls tflt flppmes bt cga -

cgaprmssbge pusfms tfm outs le` ub` be tfm ln`gabeld rmobge `gwewlr`. _fme tfm ln`gabeld cgetmets lrm pusfm` `gwewlr`, tfm pmdvbc ngems aust agvm be gr`mr tg lccga ag`ltm tfbs `bspdlcmamet. Pfm agvmamet gi tfm pmdvbs bs `rbvme ny tfm bdbua ngem eutltbeo. Pfm eutltbge gi tfm bdbua bs tfm cganbem` lctbges gi mxbge, ln`uctbge, le` mxtmreld rgtltbge rmdltbvm tg tfm punbs. Pg pbcturm tfbs agvmamet gi ygur pmdvbs, ygu rmpdbcltm tfm wly ygur pmdvbs agvms tfrguof splcm wbtf ygur fle`s. Zdlcm ygur fle`s be irget gi ygu wbtf ygur pldas ilcbeo mlcf gtfmr le` ygur eomrs pgbetbeo igrwlr`. Nme` ygur wrbsts tg lba ygur eomrs tgwlr`s tfm orgue`. Pbp tfm tgps gi ygur fle`s lwly irga mlcf gtfmr be tfm agtbge tflt wgud` nm agvbeo ygur fle`s betg l pldas up pgsbtbge. Ibelddy, nrbeo tfm fmmds gi ygur pldas tgwlr`s mlcf gtfmr. gtfmr. Pfm lctbge gi nme`beo ygur wrbsts sg tflt ygur eomrs pgbet tgwlr`s tfm orgue` bs mqubvldmet tg eutltbge gi tfm bdbua ngems. Ln`uctbge gi tfm bdbua ngems wgud` nm tfm tbppbeo tfm tgps gi ygur fle`s lwly irga mlcf gtfmr. Mxtmreld rgtltbge gi tfm bdbua ngems (rmdltbvm tg tfm punbs) bs nrbeobeo tfm plda fmmds tgwlr`s mlcf gtfmr. Fgpmiuddy, ygu cle smm fgw tfbs lctbge wgud` lddgw igr tfm pmdvbs tg lccmpt tfm u b`s, outs, le` prmssurm nmbeo `rbvme `gwewlr` ny tfm `mscme`beo lctbge gi tfm `blpfrloa, lhbe tg tfm pmdvbs crmltbeo l ngwd igr tfm outs le` ub`s tg dle` be.

prmssms `gwe betg tfm ln`gabeld vbscmrl. Pfbs

Ibo =.> - Zgstmrbgr vbmw g tfm pmdvbs

  Pfm slcrua wbdd agvm be cguetmr-eutltbge `urbeo tfm befldm. Pg pbcturm tfbs lctbge gi tfm slcrua, put ygur fle`s be irget gi ygu lolbe tg rmprmsmet tfm pmdvbs. Egw, tlhm ygur rboft fle` le` agvm bt, sg bt‒s pmrpme`bcudlr wbtf nut sdboftdy nmfbe` tfm dmit fle`, wbtf tfm nlch gi ygur rboft fle` ilcbeo ygu. Rgur rboft fle` egw rmprmsmets tfm slcrua. Mxtme` ygur rboft wrbst sg tflt bt rgtltms ygur eomrtbps nlch tgwlr`s ygur ilcm. Pfbs bs cguetmreutltbge gi tfm slcrua. Ls ygu cle smm, tfbs crmltms agrm splcm igr tfm pmdvbs tg rmcmbvm tfm ln`gabeld cgetmets `urbeo tfm befldltbge.

nmcgam dmeotfmem` le` `bsl`vletlom`. Le belnbdbty tg iuddy lttlbe gem gr ngtf gi tfmsm stmrmgtypbcld rmspbrltgry pgsbtbgeld `magestrltbges sboebms be belnbdbty tg pmrigra cmrtlbe agtbges lssgcbltm` wbtf pmdvbc trlbebeo plttmres.

 

Zlom ?3

Pfm lctbges gi tfm slcrua `brmctdy baplct tfm pgsbtbge gi tfm spbem. _fme tfm slcrua ogms betg le befldm`, cguetmr-eutltbge pgsbtbge, tfbs fls le gvmrldd hypfgsbs-prgagtbeo miimct ge tfm spbem. Pfbs amles tflt cguetmr-eutltbge gi tfm slcrua wbdd rm`ucm tfm dgr`gtbc curvm gi tfm duanlr spbem.  L ogg` rudm rudm tg nmlr be abe` bs tflt tfm tgp le` ngttga gi tfm pmdvbs nmflvm be gppgs beo wlys. _fbdm tfm bdbua ngems rgtltm igrwlr`, sprml` lwly irga mlcf gtfmr, le` mxtmrelddy rgtltm rmdltbvm tg tfm punbs, tfm bscfbua ngems lrm rgtltbeo upwlr`s le` nlchwlr`s, agvbeo tgwlr`s mlcf gtfmr, le` lrm betmrelddy rgtltbeo be ge tfm slcrua. Dbhmwbsm, `urbeo befldltbge, tfm tgp gi tfm pmdvbs bs mxple`beo wfbdm tfm ngttga gi tfm pmdvbs bs cgetrlctbeo. _fme wm mxfldm tfm `blpfrloa lscme`s, `gams betg tfm tfgrlcbc splcm, le` crmltms agrm splcm be tfm ln`game.   _fme tfbs flppmes, tfm outs le` ub`s rbsm nlch up lwly irga tfm pmdvbs. @urbeo tfm mxfldltbge pflsm gi rmspbrltbge wm wbdd smm tfm gppgsbtm agtbges gi tfm pmdvbc ngems. Pfm bdbua ngems wbdd cguetmr-eutltm, l``uct, le` betmrelddy rgtltm rmdltbvm tg tfm punbs, wfbdm tfm slcrua wbdd eutltm. @urbeo tfm mxfldm, tfm tgp gi tfm pmdvbs bs cgetrlctbeo le` tfm ngttga gi tfm pmdvbs bs mxple`beo. Irga tfm pmrspmctbvm gi tfm slcrua, le becrmlsm be eutltbge wbdd flvm le gvmrldd dgr`gsbs-prgagtbeo miimct, becrmlsbeo tfm dgr`gt bc curvm gi tfm duanlr spbem. _fme tfm ngems agvm be tfmsm stmrmgtypbcld wlys, wm smm tflt

Slobttld Lppdbcltbges   Pfm rmlddy crbtbcld agtbge tflt wm wlet tg nm lndm tg crmltm irga l slobttld pdlem pmr spmctbvm bs fbp mxtmesbge. _fme wm lrm tldhbeo lngut fbp mxtmesbge, wm‒rm rmlddy rmimrrbeo tg fgw cdgsm wm cle omt tfm pgstmrbgr imaur tg tfm plrt gi tfm bscfbua clddm` tfm bscfbld tunmrgsbty, l saldd prgtru`beo eg`udm ge tfm bscfbua. Pfm bscfbld tunmrgsbty bs lt tfm dmvmd gi tfm `ml` cmetmr ab``dm gi ygur odutms. Prum fbp mxtmesbge bs mssmetblddy tfm lnbd bty gi nmbeo lndm tg omt ygur dmo strlboft wbtfgut dmttbeo ygur odutms agvm upwlr`s tgwlr`s ygur dgw nlch. Legtfmr wly tg tfbeh gi bt bs tg try tg nrbeo ygur nlch pgchmts tgwlr`s tfm nlch gi ygur hemms wfbdm ygu lrm lttmaptbeo tg strlboftme ygur dmo… wfbcf bs mlsbmr slb` tfle `gem! Be tfm `rbdds tflt wbdd nm igrtfcgabeo, ygu‒dd smm tflt wm wbdd rst lttlch tfm pmdvbs ny ogbeo litmr tfm flastrbeos. Litmr wm omt flastrbeos, tfme wm wbdd wbdd og igr odutms. Pfm rmlsge tflt wm og igr tfm flastrbeos rst bs tflt tfmy lttlcf tg tfm bscfbld tunmrgsbty lt tfm tgp. Pfm flastrbeos cle pudd ge tfm bscfbld tunmrgsbty, le` tfbs lctbge wgud` clusm tfm beegabeltm ngem tg cguetmr-eutltm. Pfm odutm alxbaus bs l auscdm tflt lttlcfms tg tfm bscfbua, tfm slcrua, le` tfm imaur. Bi tfm bscfbld tunmrgsbty bs be tfm prgpmr pgsbtbge vbl tfm lctbges gi tfm flastrbeos, tfm odutm alx cle egw nm utbdbzm` tg mxtme` tfm imaur wfbdm cgetbeubeo tg fgd` tfm beegabeltm ngem be pdlcm. Pfbs lnbdbty tg nrbeo tfm imaur le` bscfbld tunmrgsbty tgomtfmr be lutfmetbc fbp mxtmesbge bs le lctbge tflt Nbdd Flrtale wgud` sly bs `magestrltbvm gi rmspbrltgry vlrblnbdbty (lhl, nmbeo lndm tg agvm tfm pmdvbc ngems iuddy betg le befldm` le` mxfldm` pgsbtbgeld stltm), le` rmspbrltgry vlrblnbdbty bs le mxcmddmet prgxy igr gvmrldd shmdmtld agvmamet vlrblnbdbty.

cmrtlbe auscdms olbe dmvmrlom, wfbdm gtfmrs

Pfmsm slobttld agvmamets gi tfm pmdvbs

 

Zlom ?0

(eutltbge le` cguetmreutltbge gi tfm beegabeltm le` slcrua) lrm betbaltmdy tbm` tg tfm lnbdbty tg pmrigra hemm-`gabelet le` fbp-`gabelet lctbvb tbms. Pg nm lndm tg sqult tg iudd `mptf miimctbvmdy, miimctbvmdy, wm emm` tg nm lndm tg omt tfm pmdvbs betg l iuddy mxple`m` pgsbtbge, wfmrm tfm beegabeltm ngems eutltm le` tfm slcrua cguetmr-eutltms. Pfm lnbdbty tg rmlcf iudd `mptf be tfm sqult wbdd ldsg rmqubrm tfm letmrbgr pmdvbc ggr auscdms ogbeo betg le mccmetrbc grbmetltbge, be gr`mr tg melndm l dlrom mxcursbge gi ybmd`beo ^GA. Pfm ogld wbtf tfm ybmd`beo lctbge gi tfm sqult bs tg omt tfm `mscmet tg og strlboft `gwe, rltfmr tfle sbttbeo nlch dbhm l `ml`dbit. Pg lccgapdbsf tfbs ogld, tfm letmrbgr pmdvbc ggr aust rmlcf le mccmetrbc grbmetltbge, le` tfm pgstmrbgr pmdvbc ggr aust og betg l cgecmetrbc grbmetltbge. Pfm mccmetrbc grbmetltbge gi tfm letmrbgr pmdvbc ggr wbdd pmrabt agvmamet strlboft `gwe. Pfm cgecmetrbc grbmetltbge gi tfm pgstmrbgr pmdvbc ggr wbdd prmvmet agtbge irga ogbeo nlch. Pg pmrigra tfm ybmd`beo lctbge gi l `ml`dbit, tfm gppgsbtm prmsmetltbge gi mccmetrbc le` cgecmetrbc grbmetltbge gi pmdvbc ggr tbssums aust gccur. _btf tfm `ml`dbit, tfm ogld bs tg sbt tfm fbps nlch be splcm. Pfbs rm qubrms tfm letmrbgr pmdvbc ggr tg nm be l cge cmetrbc grbmetltbge, le` tfm pgstmrbgr pmdvbc ggr tg nm be le mccmetrbc grbmetltbge. _m stlrtm` tfbs slobttld smctbge ny slybeo tflt fbp mxtmesbge bs tfbs rmlddy crbtbcld agvm amet tflt wm lrm dgghbeo igr, le` B fgpm ygu cluoft tfm nbls gi tfbs stltmamet. Bt cle nm mlsy tg omt gvmrdy igcusm` ge l agtbge, ymt bo egrm tfm bapgrtlecm gi bts gppgsbtm agtbge. Fbp mxtmesbge bs becrm`bndy bapgrtlet, nut bt bs egt ley agrm bapgrtlet be iuectbge tfle fbp mxbge, le`, be`mm`, agvmamet bs typbclddy crmltm` tfrguof mxtme`beo gem fbp wfbdm mxbeo tfm gtfmr. Prum fbp mxbge bs tfm gppgsbtm gi trum fbp mxtmesbge.

tfm slobttld nmrs gi bdblcus lrm tfm nbo pgwmr pdlymrs igr crmltbeo tfbs letmrbgr lpprgxbaltbge. Rgu cleegt flvm ormlt dmo swbeo wbtfgut ormlt stlecm le` vbcm vmrsl. Pfbs mcfgms tfm slobttld b`ml gi l zmrg sua pfmegamege, wfmrm wm emm` sgamtfbeo tg og nlch be gr`mr tg flvm sgamtfbeo mdsm og igrwlr`. Pfm fuale ng`y bs clplndm gi le becrm`bndy `bvmrsm `mormm gi agvmamet, le` cgrrmspge`beo cguetmr-agvmamet.

Irgetld Lppdbcltbges   Bi ygu wmrm dgghbeo `gwe lt tfm pmdvbs irga lngvm, ygu wgud` smm tflt bt bs l ngey rbeo wbtf l dlrom tueemd be tfm ab``dm. Bi ygu wmrm tg tfbeh lngut tfm metry betg tfm tueemd gi tfm pmdvbs irga tfm tgp, tflt bs l splcm cgaagedy rmimrrm` tg ls tfm pmdvbc bedmt. Pfm mxbt irga tfm pmdvbc tueemd bs clddm` tfm pmdvbc gutdmt. Pfm bdbua ngems le` tfm supmrbgr plrts gi tfm slcrua lrm tfguoft gi ls tfm ngue`lrbms gi tfm bedmt, le` tfm bscfbua ngems lrm tfm ngue`lrbms gi tfm gutdmt. Sg, wfme `bscussbeo tfm bedmt, wm wbdd nm rmimrrbeo tg tfm pgsbtbge le` agvmamet gi tfm bdbua ngems, le` wfme `bscussbeo tfm gutdmt, wm wbdd rmimr tg tfm pgsbtbge le` agvmamet gi tfm bscfbua ngems. Bt bs bapgrtlet tg `bstbeoubsf tfm bedmt irga tfm gutdmt, nmclusm tfmbr agvmamets wbdd ldwlys nm gppgsbtm tg gem legtfmr. Bi wm l``uct tfm bedmt, tfme tfm gutdmt wbdd ln`uct, le` vbcm vmrsl.

_btf fbp mxtmesbge, wm cgvmrm` tfm —ogd` stle`lr`‑ gi tfm lpprgxbaltbge gi tfm bscfbld tunmr gsbty wbtf tfm imaur. imaur. _btf fbp mxbge, wm‒rm

Pfm betmrbgr gi tfm am`bld bedmt bs `gabeltm` ny tfm prmsmecm le` lttlcfamet gi tfm bdblcus auscdm tg tfm bdbua ngem. Pfm mxtmrbgr gi tfm gutdmt ge tfm dltmrld sb`m bs `gabeltm` ny tfm prmsmecm le` lttlcfamet gi tfm odutmus am`bus auscdm. Ngtf gi tfmsm auscdms lrm irgetld pdlem pgwmrfgusms. Abhm Cletrmdd (irga tfm Zgsturld ^mstgrltbge Bestbtutm, Z^B) `gms l ormlt kgn gi tmlcfbeo tfm cgetrlstbeo rgdms gi bdblcus le` odutm am` be tmras gi cgetrgd gvmr tfm bedmt irga l irgetld pdlem pmrspmctbvm. Fm plbets tfbs pbcturm gi twg ouys tldhbeo tg mlcf

litmr lpprgxbaltbge gi tfm letmrbgr supmrbgr bdblc crmst wbtf tfm imaur. imaur. _btf fbp mxtmesbge, tfm flastrbeos le` odutm alx lddgw us tg `bspdly tfm pgstmrbgr lpprgxbaltbge gi pmdvbs wbtf im -

gtfmr ge mbtfmr sb`m gi l wldd. Pfm bdbua ngem bs tfm wldd, le` tfm twg ouys ge gppgsbtm sb`ms lrm tfm bdblcus le` tfm odutm am`. _fme tfm bdblcus tldhs le` omts fbs amsslom lcrgss, tfm bedmt

aur. _btf fbp mxbge, tfm rmctus imagrbs le`

bs l``uctm`, le` tfm tgp gi tfm bdbua ngem tbdts

tgwlr`s ab`dbem. _fme tfm odutm am` tldhs le` omts fbs amsslom lcrgss, tfm bedmt bs ln`uctm`, le` tfm tgp gi tfm bdbua ngem tbdts lwly irga ab`dbem. Pfm l``uctbge pgsbtbge bs lssgcbltm` wbtf tfm mxfldltbge stmrmgtypm` agvmamet, le` tfm ln`uctbge pgsbtbge bs lssgcbltm` wbtf tfm befldltbge stmrmgtypm` agvmamet. Nmbeo lndm tg ldtmreltm nmtwmme tfmsm twg stltms bs tfm `msbrlndm miimct ge tfm pmdvbs.

cgapgemet gi gur prgpudsbvm meobem, le` tfm trlesvmrsm pdlem cgapgemet gi bts lnbdbtbms bs wflt rmlddy `rbvms us igrwlr` lt tfm tmrabeld plrt gi pusf gii `urbeo dgcgagtbge.

 

Zlom ?=

Pfm trbchy tfbeo igr trlbebeo purpgsms bs tflt tfm bdblcus bs egt l auscdm tflt ygu cle immd wgrhbeo. Sg, tg hegw tflt ygu lrm lccgapdbsfbeo l``uctbge gi tfm bedmt, wm flvm tg usm tfm lctbge gi legtfmr auscdm ls l prgxy. prgxy. Pfbs gtfmr auscdm bs tfm l``uctgr aloeus. Fgw cle tfbs auscdm smrvm tg be`bcltm tflt tfm bdblcus bs wgrhbeo7 Nmclusm tfm odutm am`, wfbcf ln`ucts tfm bedmt, bs l auscdm tflt ldsg ln`ucts tfm imaur. imaur. Pfm l``uctgr aloeus l``ucts tfm imaur, wfbcf, nlsm` ge tfm dlws gi rmcbprgcld befbnbtbge, sbaudtlemgusdy rlaps `gwe tfm odutm am`bus. Bi tfm odutm am`bus bs nmbeo befbnbtm`, tfme tfm bdblcus cle `gabeltm tfm cgevmrsltbge ge tfm besb`m plrt gi tfm wldd gi tfm bdblcus, le` bt cle l``uct tfm bedmt. Nlsm` ge tfbs, wfme wm lrm `gbeo irgetld pdlem pmdvbc cgrm mxmrcbsms, tfm prbalry auscdms tflt wm lrm ogbeo tg nm tlromtbeo lrm ogbeo tg nm tfm l``uctgr aloeus le` tfm odutm am`. Pfm irgetld pdlem lctbges gi tfm pmdvbs lrm tfm `gabelet lctbges igr tfm cgrm pmdvbs plttmre. _m wbdd usm tfm slobttld pdlem mxmrcbsms ls tfm igue`ltbge igr nmbeo lndm tg omt tg irgetld pdlem `rbdds, nut irgetld pdlem lctbvbtbms lrm tfm sfgw igr tfm pmdvbs.

Sgam igdhs rue ls tfguof tfmy lrm pmr pmtulddy ilddbeo. Pfmbr cmetmr gi alss dmlhs igr wlr` be le uecgetrgddm` aleemr, tfmbr dmos hbch wly tgg ilr nlch nmfbe` tfma, le` tfmbr lras le` dmos emvmr pgwmriuddy swbeo up be irget gi tfma. Ls l rmsudt, tfmbr rue lppmlrs uenldlecm`, sdgppy, iltboum`, le` uecgaigrtlndm. Gtfmr rueemrs, amlewfbdm, lrm pgmtry be agtbge. Pfm fml` bs stlchm` gvmr tfm tgrsg, le` tfm tgrsg bs stlchm` gvmr tfm pmdvbs. Pfm fle`s le` immt cgam up be irget gi tfm ng`y wbtf orlcm. Pfmrm bs smmabeody eg wlstm` agtbge. Pfm rueemr glts wbtf tfm igrcm gi l irmboft trlbe nmfbe` tfma. Prlch cglcfms lrm ldwlys tldhbeo lngut trybeo tg omt l ‖ourm 6‒ pmdvbs gut gi tfmbr ltf dmtms. Pfbs ourm 6 rmlddy amles l pmdvbs wbtf tfm prgpmr laguets gi slobttld, irgetld, le` trlesvmrsm pdlem agtbge. L ourm 6 pmdvbs bs gem tflt agvms dbhm le lxdm (slobttld), iusm` wbtf l smm-slw (irgetld), iusm` wbtf l rltcfmt wrmecf (trlesvmrsm). Pfm trlesvmrsm cgapgemet, wfbcf bs rmspgesbndm igr tfm eld pusf, bs l odutm alx-`rbvme pfmegamege, le` gem tflt bs tfm tbp gi l pyrlab`, wfgsm nlsm bs slobttld, wbtf irgetld sgamwfmrm be nmtwmme tfm twg.

  Fuales lrm nbpm`ld, dgcgagtbeo, me`ur lecm-fuetbeo lpms, wfg cggh igg`. Ls sucf, gur lnbdbty tg rue dgeo `bstlecms ge twg dmos bs crucbld tg gur survbvld le` `gabeltbge gi gur mevbrgeamet. Bts pmdvbc le` fbp mxtmesbge cl-

Pg omt tfm pmdvbs tg rgtltm tg tfm dmit, wm emm` tfm rboft odutm alx tg `rbvm tfm lctbge. Sbecm tfbs, le` sg aley gi gur crbtbcld kgbet lctbges lrm bemxtrbclndy tbm` tg olbt, wm ldsg flvm tg tfbeh lngut tfm immt, wfbcf stlrt mvmrytfbeo wbtf tfmbr betmrlctbge wbtf tfm orgue`. Mlrdy stlecm (l slobttld-`gabeltm` tbam), bs ldd lngut fmmd strbhm. Ab`-stlecm (l irgetld `gabeltm` tbam), bs ldd lngut trlesbtbgebeo irga tfm gut sb`m m`om gi tfm fmmd tg omt becrmlsbeody agrm am`bld tfrguof tfm ab`iggt. Dltm stlecm, le`

plnbdbtbms lddgw tfm odutm alx tg hmmp gur tgrsg uprboft wfme wm rue lt fbof vmdgcbtbms. ^mdltbvm tg ng`y wmboft, fuales flvm tfm dlromst odutms lageost prbaltms, le` sprbetmrs usulddy flvm

pusf-gii (l trlesvmrsm `gabeltm` tbam), bs ldd lngut pusfbeo tfrguof l fypmr-mxtme`m` nbo tgm tflt mxms ls aucf ls bt pgssbndy cle irga tflt pgsbtbge. _fme B la cglcfbeo tfmsm pmdvbc cgrm

Prlesvmrsm Lppdbcltbges

baprmssbvm odutms. Pfm odutm alx bs tfm hmy

mxmrcbsms, B wbdd nm vmry spmcbc lngut wflt bs

flppmebeo wbtf tfm immt tg nm lndm tg alxbabzm pdlelr spmcbcbty. Zgssmssbeo lpprgprbltm nbo tgm fypmr-mxtmesbge bs l rmlddy bapgrtlet lttrb nutm igr alxbabzbeo rueebeo clplnbdbtbms, le` igr rmcrubtbeo tfm odutm alx.

gem legtfmr. legtfmr. Pfbs pfysbcld cgeemctbge nmtwmme psgls le` `blpfrloa lddgws tfm lctbge gi tfm gem tg beumecm tfm gtfmr. Ls ligrmametbgem`, wfme le befldm tlhms pdlcm, tfm `blpfrloa `mscme`s, wfbcf pusfms tfm outs le` ln`ga beld ub`s `gwe. Pfbs eutltms, ln`ucts, le` mxtmrelddy rgtltms tfm bdbua ngem ls wm rmcmbvm tfbs `bspdlcm` ln`gabeld cgetmet be tfm pmdvbs. _fme tfm bdbua bs agvm` be tfbs aleemr, tfm psgls lttlcfamet tg bdblcus bs dmvmrlom`, le` tmesbge bs bebtbltm`. Pfbs tmesbge bs trlesabttm` tg tfm spbeld lttlcfamet gi tfm psgls. Bi tfbs bs l uebdltmrld lctbge, tfm spbem bs rgtltm` be tfm gppgsbtm `brmctbge. Bi tfbs bs l nbdltmrld lctbge, tfm spbem bs puddm` igrwlr`.

 

Zlom ?9

Bi wm lrm tldhbeo lngut tfm pmdvbs, tfme bt bs trudy bapgssbndm tg emodmct tfm duanlr spbem le` tfm imaur. _fme `bscussbeo tfm spbem, irga l trlesvmrsm pmrspmctbvm, tfm crbtbcld aus cdm bs tfm psgls. Pfm psgls lttlcfms tg tfm trlesvmrsm prgcmssms (sb`m) gi tfm dgwmst tfgrlcbc vmrtmnrlm (P), le` duanlr vmrtmnrlm < tfrguof = (D/D3. Bt bs lt tfmsm vmrtmnrld lttlcfamets tflt tfm `blpfrloa betmrtwbems wbtf tfm psgls. Pfmsm twg auscdms betmr`bobtltm be l pgwmriud aleemr,

_fme bt cgams tg imagrld betmreld le` mxtmreld rgtltbge, gur `bscussbge wbdd rmvgdvm lrgue` tfm odutms. Pfm odutm alx bs tfm `gabelet pdlymr wfme bt cgams tg mxtmreld rgtltbge gi tfm imaur, le` tfm letmrbgr nmrs gi tfm odutm am` wbdd nm tfm nbo pdlymrs be betmreld rgtltbge. Pfmsm agtbges gi imagrld betmreld le` mxtmreld rgtltbge lrm becrm`bndy betmr`mpme`met wbtf tfm lctbges gi tfm pmdvbs.  L nbo plrt gi gi tfbs nggh nggh wbdd bevgdvm bevgdvm cglcf cglcfbeo sunkmcts betg l agvmamet wm lrm ogbeo tg cldd l fbp sfbit. Pfbs fbp sfbit wbdd nm l rgtltbge gi tfm pmdvbs be gem `brmctbge. _fme tfm pmdvbs rgtltms be gem `brmctbge, wflt hbe` gi agtbges lrm wm dgghbeo lt7 _fme B grbobelddy dmlrem` lngut tfm tgpbc gi l fbp sfbit, B dmlrem` bt irga tfm Zgsturld ^mstgrltbge Bestbtutm (Z^B). Z^B `gms l ormlt kgn gi tmlcfbeo pmgpdm lngut fgw dlromr, prgxbald ngems flvm tfm lnbdbty tg agvm ge salddmr `bstld ngems. Pypbclddy Pypbclddy,, wfme pmgpdm mvldultm dgwmr mxtrmabty agtbge, tfmy tldh lngut fbp rgtltbge, le` tfmy rmimr tg tfm wly tflt tfm imaur rgtltms besb`m tfm lcmtlnudua. Z^B betrg`ucm` am tg tfm egtbge tflt ygu cle ldsg flvm l xm` imaur, le` le lcmtlnudua tflt rgtltms ge l imaur. imaur. Z^B nrmlhs fbp agtbge `gwe betg twg cltmogrbms; imaur ge lcmtlnudua agtbge (IL), le` lcmtlnu dua ge imaur agtbge (LI). Pfm twg albe typms gi LI agtbges igr

le` lrm mssmetblddy pfysbclddy besmplrlndm irga

Z^B lrm LI betmreld rgtltbge (LIB^), le` LI mx -

tmreld rgtltbge (LIM^). _flt wm wbdd nm clddbeo l fbp sfbit bs wflt Z^B cldds —LIB^‑. Dmit LIB^ rmimrs tg tfm agtbge gi rgtltbeo ygur pmdvbs tg tfm dmit. _fme ygu lrm `gbeo dmit LIB^, ygu wgud` sbaudtlemgusdy nm `gbeo rboft LIM^. Sg, LIB^ bs wflt wm cldd bt wfme tfm pmdvbs bs rgtltbeo tgwlr`s l obvme sb`m, le` LIM^ bs wflt wm cldd bt wfme tfm pmdvbs bs rgtltbeo lwly irga l obvme sb`m. Pfm hmy wbtf tfmsm LI agtbges bs tflt tfm imaur fls tg stly be pdlcm. LI bs rmimrrbeo tg rmdltbvm agtbge gi tfm lcmtlnudua ge tfm imaur. Bi B ture ay pmdvbs dmit, le` ay imaur tures wbtf tfm pmdvbs, tfmrm bs eg LI agtbge wfltsgmvmr, ls B la sbapdy grbmetbeo ay metbrm dgwmr mxtrmabty dmit, nut egt crmltbeo rgtltbge leywfmrm.

wlr`s tfm stlecm sb`m iggt, ygu wgud` nm ogbeo tfrguof LIB^. Bi ygu `g le mxmrcbsm tflt bevgdvms l fbp sfbit, ygu wbdd ldsg immd LIB^ aus cdms.

 

Zlom ??

Z^B dgghs lt LIB^ le` LIM^ ls nmbeo trbpdlelr agtbges. LIB^ bevgdvms trlesvmrsm pdlem B^, nut ldsg imlturms mxtmesbge le` l``uctbge rb`beo ldgeo wbtf bt. LIM^ imlturms trlesvmrsm pdlem M^, nut ldsg imlturms mxbge le` ln`uc tbge rb`beo ldgeo wbtf wbtf bt. _fme ygu crmltm LIB^ ge l sb`m, ygu sfgud` immd ygur flastrbeos, slobttld odutm alx nmrs, l``uctgr aloeus, le` tfm betmreld rgtltbge nmrs gi letmrbgr odutm am`.  LIM^ sfgud` sfgud` imlturm imlturm rmctus rmctus imagrbs ls ygur prbalry slobttld auscdm, tfm ln`uctbge nmrs gi pgstmrbgr odutm am`, le` tfm mxtmreld rgtltbge nmrs gi odutm alx ls tfm alkgr cgetrbnutbeo auscdm orgups gi tfm agvmamet. Pfm stlecm pflsm gi olbt bs `gabeltm` ny  LIB^, le` le` tfm swbeo swbeo pflsm pflsm gi olbt bs bs `gabeltm` `gabeltm` ny LIM^. _btfbe Z^B‒s ag`md, mlrdy stlecm bs tfm slobttld pdlem-`gabelet pflsm, ab` stlecm bs tfm irgetld pdlem-`gabelet pflsm, le` dltm stlecm bs tfm trlesvmrsm-pdlem `gabelet pflsm. Pfm slam pdlem `gabelecm wgud` nm lssgcb ltm` igr tfm `biimrmet pflsms gi tfm swbeo-sb`m dmo. Pfm swbeo sb`m dmo bs tfm dmo gppgsbtm gi tfm stlecm sb`m dmo, wfbcf bs egt be cgetlct wbtf tfm orgue`. Kust dbhm tfm stlecm sb`m dmo, tfm swbeo sb`m dmo ogms tfrguof mlrdy, ab`, le` dltm swbeo. Slobttld, irgetld, le` trlesvmrsm lrm tfm `gabelet pdlems igr tfm prmvbgusdy ametbgem` cgrrmspge`beo pflsms gi swbeo. _fme ygu stlrt stlecm, le` cgetbeum ge tg tlhm l stmp, tfm pmdvbs rgtltms tgwlr`s tfm

  Bi B la rgtltbeo ay pmdvbs tg gem sb`m le` B immd tfm flastrbeos, slobttld odutm alx, l``uctgrs, le` B^ nmrs gi odutm am`bus, tfme tfm dgobcld cgecdusbge wgud` nm tflt tfbs typm gi fbp sfbit bs le B^-nlsm` agvmamet. Pfm gedy prgndma wbtf tfbs dbem gi tfbehbeo bs tflt ygu cle immd auscdms wgrhbeo wfme ygu lrm `gbeo l ybmd`beo lctbge. _fme ygu lrm `mscme`beo be l sqult, ygu cle immd ygur qul`rbcmps wgrhbeo. Pfm qul`rbcmps lrm l hemm mxtmesgr, le` wfbdm ygu lrm `mscme`beo be l sqult, ygu lrm ogbeo betg hemm mxbge. Ls ygu lrm ogbeo betg agrm le` agrm hemm mxbge `urbeo tfm `mscmet gi l sqult, ygu lrm egt lttmaptbeo tg crmltm hemm mxbge. Bestml`, ygu lrm pmrigrabeo l ybmd`beo lctbge wbtf ygur hemm mxtmesgrs. Be tfbs ag`md, tfmrm lrm twg typms gi fbp sfbits; l ybmd`beo fbp sfbit le` le gvmrcgabeo fbp sfbit. Pfm ybmd`beo fbp sfbit bs le mxplesbge strltmoy. Pfm gvmrcgabeo fbp sfbit bs l cgaprmssbge strltmoy. strltmoy. Be ngtf typms gi fbp sfbit, ygu wbdd flvm tfm smesgry mxpmrbmecm gi immdbeo flastrbeos, l``uctgrs, le` odutms. Pfm `biimr mecm bs tflt, be tfm ybmd`beo fbp sfbit, ygu lrm immdbeo `mcmdmrltbge wbtf tfm auscdms. Be tfm gvmrcgabeo fbp sfbit, ygu‒rm immdbeo lccmdmrltbge wbtf tfm auscdms. Fgw `g ygu hegw wfbcf typm gi fbp sfbit sgamgem bs `gbeo7 Pfm mlsbmst wly tg mvldultm tfm typm gi fbp sfbit bs tg dggh lt tfm lehdm. Bi ygu smm sgamgem pmrigrabeo l fbp sfbit, le` tfmy becrmlsm pdletlr mxbge lt tfm lehdm, tfme bt bs l ybmd`beo fbp sfbit. Bi ygu smm l fbp sfbit, le` tfmrm bs le becrmlsm be `grsbmxbge, tfme bt bs l gvmrcgabeo fbp sfbit. Pfm agvmamet strltmobms lrm cgfmrmet. Bi ygu smm pdletlr mxbge becrmlsbeo, tfme ygu lrm smmbeo l fuale systma tflt bs rmdybeo agrm ge mxplesbge ls bts nrgl` agvmamet-gpmrltbeo systma. Bi ygu smm `grsbmxbge becrmlsbeo, ygu lrm smmbeo l fuale systma tflt bs rmdybeo agrm

stlecm sb`m iggt. Bi tfm pmdvbs bs rgtltbeo tg-

ge cgaprmssbge ls bts nrgl` agvmamet-gpmr -

ltbeo systma. Zut legtfmr wly wly,, wbtemssbeo gem cdmlrdy b`metblndm kgbet lctbge lssgcbltm` wbtf l agvmamet strltmoy smrvms ls l tmstlamet tg wflt tfm wfgdm systma bs `gbeo.

le` igddgw-tfrguof, tfm agst cgaage abstlhm ygu wgud` smm lt tfm dgwmr mxtrmabty bs tfm ege-tfrgwbeo sb`m dmo spbeebeo gut tgg strgeody. Igr l rboft-fle`m` pbtcfmr, tfbs wgud` rmsudt be ilddbeo gii tfm ague` tg tfm rst nlsm sb`m. Be gtfmr wgr`s, tfm bssum bs tflt tfm pbtcfmr‒s imaur bse‒t stbdd `urbeo tfm fbp sfbit, nut bestml` igddgws tfm pmdvbs, wfbcf (igr gur rboft-fle`m` pbtcfmr) spbes tg tfm dmit.

 

Zlom ?6

Pfm `brmctbge tflt cmetmr gi alss bs agvbeo be wbdd dlromdy `mtmrabem wflt typm gi fbp sfbit sgamgem bs `gbeo. Bi tfm cmetmr gi alss bs stlybeo nlch, gr agvbeo nlchwlr`s, tfme bt wbdd nm l ybmd`beo fbp sfbit Bi tfm cmetmr gi alss bs agvbeo igrwlr`, gvmr tfm iggt, tfme bt wbdd nm le gvmrcgabeo fbp sfbit. Pfm ybmd`beo fbp sfbit bs typbclddy usm` tg `mcmdmrltm l agtbge, wfbdm tfm gvmrcgabeo fbp sfbit bs typbclddy usm` tg lccmdmr ltm bt. @bscussbeo tfmsm fbp sfbits be tfm cgetmxt gi le ltfdmtbc agvmamet sfgud` fmdp vbsuldbzm tfm cgecmpt.  L nlsmnld nlsmnlddd pbtcfmr tfrgwbeo tfrgwbeo tfm nldd tgwlr`s fgam pdltm bs pmrigrabeo l fbp sfbit tgwlr`s tfm ege-tfrgwbeo sb`m fbp. Igddgwbeo tfm cgchbeo pflsm gi tfrgwbeo, tfm pbtcfmr nmobes lccmdmrltbeo fbs gr fmr lra tgwlr`s fgam pdltm. Ls tfm lra bs lccmdmrltbeo tgwlr`s tfm tlromt le` prmplrbeo tg rmdmlsm tfm nldd, tfm fbps lrm rgtltbeo be tfm `brmctbge gi tfm ege-tfrgwbeo sb`m. Bt‒s mlsy tg smm fgw l rboft-fle`m` pbtcfmr wgud` nm pmrigrabeo l dmit fbp sfbit wfbdm tfrgwbeo tfm nldd, nut lscmrtlbebeo tfm hbe` gi fbp sfbit nmbeo pmrigram` bs l nbt trbchbmr.  L rboft-fle rboft-fle`m` `m` pbtcfmr pbtcfmr bs usbeo usbeo tfm rboft rboft sb`m gi fbs ng`y tg lccmdmrltm tfm lra igrwlr` tg tfrgw tfm nldd. Pfm tfrgwbeo lra wbdd betmr elddy rgtltm, mxtme`, le` l``uct ls tfm fle` prgeltms. Pfm rboft dmo wbdd betmrelddy rgtltm, l``uct, le` mxtme` ls tfm iggt prgeltms. Pfm gtfmr sb`m gi tfm ng`y bs trybeo tg lnsgrn tfm agtbge, le` tfme `mcmdmrltm tfm lctbge. _m hegw tfbs nmclusm wm cle smm tfm odgvm sb`m lra mxtmrelddy rgtltbeo, mxbeo, le` ln`uctbeo, ls tfm fle` supbeltms. Pfbs udtbaltmdy amles tflt tfm dmit dgwmr mxtrmabty bs mxtmrelddy rgtlt beo, mxbeo, ln`uctbeo, le` imlturbeo l iggt tflt bs supbeltbeo. Bt ldsg amles tflt tfm dmit fbp sfbit nmbeo pmrigram` ny tfm pbtcfmr bs l ybmd`beo fbp sfbit tflt bs usbeo le mxplesbge strltmoy. Bi ygu wmrm tg dggh lt tfm typbcld ilbdurms

Bi ygu wmrm tg pmrigra tfm prgpmr agtbge be l sdgw le` cgetrgddm` aleemr, le` flvm tfm rboft-fle`m` pbtcfmr prlctbcm rgtltbeo fbs gr fmr pmdvbs dmit wfbdm tfmbr imaur stlym` xm`, fm gr sfm wgud` rmpgrt strgeody immdbeo tfm dmit flastrbeos, odutms, le` l``uctgr wgrhbeo `urbeo tfm mxmrcbsm, le` sgrmemss be tfgsm auscdms tfm `ly litmr. litmr. Obvme tflt tfmsm auscdms lrm tfm mxtmesbge, l``uctbge, le` B^ nmrs lssgcbltm` wbtf tfm dgwmr mxtrmabty, `gms tfmbr sgrmemss be `bcltm trlbebeo l cgaprmssbge strltmoy lt tfm dmit dgwmr mxtrmabty7 Be ilct, bt `gms egt; ygu wmrm trlbebeo le mxplesbge strltmoy bevgdvbeo tfm agtbges gi mxbge, ln`uctbge, le` M^, nut `gbeo sg tfrguof l ybmd`beo lctbge, wfmrm tfm ybmd`beo‐le` sunsmqumetdy sgrm‐auscdms wmrm tfm mxtmesgrs, l``uctgrs, le` B^ auscdms. _btf l aucf agrm sbapdbstbc agvmamet mxpdleltbge, wm cgud` tldh lngut wflt bs flppmebeo `urbeo tfm emoltbvm gi l prmlcfmr curd. Rgu‒dd immd ygur nbcmps wgrhbeo ge tfm emoltbvm gi tfm curd. Pfm kgbet lctbge bs mdngw mxtmesbge, nut ygu lrm usbeo ygur mdngw mxgrs tg cgetrgd tfm agvmamet. Be tfm clsm gi l prmlcfmr curd, ygur nbcmps wbdd nm pdlcm` be l cgecmetrbc grbmetltbge tfrguofgut tfm agvmamet, sbecm tfm prmlcfmr nmecf pdlcms ygu be fuamrld mxbge. Ge tfm wly up, tfm cgecmetrbclddy-grbmetm` nbcmps wbdd nm crmltbeo le gvmrcgabeo auscdm lctbge. Ge tfm wly `gwe, tfm cgecmetrbclddy-grbmetm` nbcmps wbdd nm rmdybeo ge l ybmd`beo auscdm lctbge. Be ngtf `brmctbges, ygu wbdd nm immdbeo tfm nbcmps auscdm orgup ls tfm tlromt tbssum.

gi pbtcfmrs `urbeo lra lccmdmrltbge, rmdmlsm,

 

Zlom ?2

Prlbebeo tfm Cgrm Zmdvbs Zlttmre Gvmrvbmw    •Lvlbdlndm Zdlems; Ldd   •Lvlbdlndm Stlecms; Ldd   •Lvlbdlndm Dgl`s; Dgw   •Lvlbdlndm Ymdgcbtbms; Dgw   •Lvlbdlndm @urltbges; Ag`mrltm le` Dgeo Slobttld, Nbdltmrld, Dgw Dgl`, Dgw Ymdgcbty Ymdgcbty,, Ag`mrltm @urltbge, Cgrm Zmdvbs

  Bi ygu igddgw tfm Zrbecbpdms gi Zrgormssbge prmsmetm` be cflptmr 0, ygu wbdd nm lndm tg ourm gut mxlctdy wfmrm tg stlrt cgrm pmdvbs mxmrcbsms, le` fgw tg prgormss tfma. Emvmrtfmdmss, tg `rbvm tfmsm pgbets fgam, B wbdd wldh ygu tfrguof fgw tfgsm prbecbpdms lppdy be mlcf gi tfm plt tmres tflt wm wbdd mxpdgrm be tfbs nggh. Igr cgrm pmdvbs trlbebeo, tfm pdlcm tg stlrt bs wbtf dgw dgl`, dgw vmdgcbty, ag`mrltm `urltbge, nbdltmrld stlecm, slobttld pdlem `rbdds. Dlstdy, egtfbeo nmlts stlrtbeo ge tfm orgue` igr alelobeo orlvbty! Igr nbdltmrld slobttld `rbdds, supbem bs tfm nmobeemr‒s orgue` pgsbtbge gi cfgbcm. Rgu ldsg wlet tg stlrt ny puttbeo sunkmcts betg sfgrt dmvmr pgsbtbges. Pfbs amles wm lrm ogbeo tg stlrt be l supbem 2:/2: pgsbtbge, wfmrm tfm fbps le` hemms lrm mxm` lt 2: `mormm leodms. Be tfm bebtbld lctbvbtbms, pmgpdm lrm ogbeo tg fgd` stltbc pgsbtbges, le` tfmy wbdd egt nm agvbeo tfmasmdvms vmry ilr tgwlr`s mxtmesbge be tfmbr

wbtf tfm nlch suppgrtm` ny l wldd, stle`beo be le uesuppgrtm` aleemr, squlttbeo wbtf tfm fle`s suppgrtm` be irget, le` uesuppgrtm` squlttbeo. Pfm twg hmy slobttld auscdms gi tfm pmdvbs lrm tfm flastrbeos le` tfm slobttld nmrs gi tfm odutm alx. Be tfm igddgwbeo dbst, ygu‒dd egtbcm tflt mlcf mxmrcbsm elam bs igddgwm` ny nrlchmtm` —flastrbeos‑ gr —odutms‑ dlnmds. Pfm pgsbtbges tflt hmmp pmgpdm be l pgsbtbge gi fbp mxbge lrm ogbeo tg tlromt flastrbeos, le` tfm pgsbtbges tflt imlturm nmbeo cdgsmr tgwlr`s iudd fbp mxtmesbge lrm ogbeo tg tlromt tfm odutms. Ldd mxmrcbsms wbdd imlturm l fbp mxtmesbge le` pmdvbs mxtmesbge agamet. Pfm gedy `biimrmecm bs wfme wm lrm mxtme`beo irga l pgsbtbge gi mxbge, tfm prbalry mxtmesgr bs tfm flastrbeos, wfmrmls, wfme wm lrm mxtme`beo irga l pgsbtbge cdgsm tg mxtmesbge, tfm prbalry mxtmesgr bs tfm odutm alx. Fmrm bs tfm dbst gi prgormssbges igr slobttld pdlem, nbdltmrld stlecm, dgw dgl`, dgw vmdgcbty, ag`mrltm `urltbge, cgrm pmdvbs mxmrcbsms; . Supbem fggh dybeo fmab-nrb`om XflastrbeosQ

`rbdds.  Ls sunkmcts sunkmcts `magestrltm `magestrltm smesgrbagtgr smesgrbagtgr cgapmtmecy be tfmsm `rbdds, wm wbdd orl`ulddy becrmlsm dmvmr dmeotf, le` becrmlsm prgxbabty tg iudd mxtmesbge. _fme sunkmcts `magestrltm gwemrsfbp gi supbem cgrm pmdvbs mxmrcbsms le` smesgrbagtgr cgapmtmecy be pgsbtbges gi iudd fbp mxtmesbge, wm wbdd becrmlsbeody agvm tfma up irga tfm orgue`. _btf tfm nbdltmrld syaamtrbcld stlecm, tfm pgsbtbges lvlbdlndm tg us tflt sfgw becrmlsbeo `bicudty wbtf alelobeo orlvbty lrm supbem, smltm`, qul`rupm`/pusf-up pgsbtbges wbtf le` wbtfgut immt smcurm` ge l wldd, tldd hemmdbeo wbtf

3. Supbem 2:/2: w/fbp mxtmesbge nrb`om XodutmsQ

le` wbtfgut immt smcurm` ge l wldd, stle`beo

 

Zlom 6:

0. Supbem fggh dybeo w/fbp mxtmesbge nrb`om XodutmsQ

=. Smltm` (rgwmr) XflastrbeosQ

. Stle`beo w/nlch ge wldd

Stbiiemss bs tfm prgpmrty `msboem` tg rmsbst le lppdbm` strmtcf, gr tfm rmdltbgesfbp nmtwmme tfm `migraltbge gi le gnkmct le` l obvme lppdbm` igrcm. Pfm tmra —dmo sprbeo stbiiemss‑ bs usm` tg rmprmsmet tfm cgddmctbvm stbiiemss gi ldd dgwmr dban auscudgshmdmtld structurms, wfbcf becdu`ms auscdms, tme`ges, le` dbolamets. Pfm sprbeo alss ag`md bs usm` tg leldyzm dmo sprbeo stbii emss. Pfm stbiiemss gi tfm sprbeo alss ag`md cgesbsts gi twg `bstbect hbe`s gi stbiiemss; vmr tbcld stbiiemss, le` gvmrldd stbiiemss. Ymrtbcld stbiiemss rmimrs tg tfm rm`brmctbge gi `gwewlr` vmdgcbty gi tfm ng`y `urbeo dban-orgue` cgetlct. Dgobclddy, wfme `mldbeo wbtf l cge`btbge sucf ls tfm vmrtbcld kuap, tfm vmrtbcld stbiiemss bs syege yagus wbtf gvmrldd dmo stbiiemss.

Pfgsm wbtf ormltmr auscudgtme`begus stbiiemss `magestrltm ormltmr strmeotf be cgecmetrbc le` bsgamtrbc nmecf prmssms. Pfgsm wbtf ormltmr hemm kgbet stbiiemss `magestrltm ormltmr rueebeo vmdgcbty. Pfgsm wfg flvm ormltmr dmo stbiiemss `magestrltm ormltmr rueebeo mcgegay. mcgegay. Pfgsm wfg flvm ormltmr lehdm kgbet stbiiemss rmqubrm dmss orgue` cgetlct tbam lt ldd rueebeo spmm`s. Ibelddy, tfgsm wbtf ormltmr dmo stbiiemss rmqubrm dmss orgue` cgetlct tbam ge `mptf kuaps. ^ueemrs wfg flvm dgwmr orgue` cgetlct tbams flvm dmss mxbge lt tfm hemm le` fbp `urbeo orgue` cgetlct pflsms. Pfm pgtmetbltbge nmemts gi strmtcf-sfgrtmebeo lctbvbtbms `mpme` ge tfm laguet gi tbam spmet be tfm trlesbtbge nmtwmme tfm ybmd`beo pflsm, wfbcf bevgdvms lnsgrptbge gi mdlstbc memroy, le` tfm gvmrcgabeo pflsm, wfbcf bevgdvms utbdbzltbge gi mdlstbc memroy. _fme tfmrm lrm `mdlys nmtwmme tfm stgrlom gi memroy le` tfm lttmaptm` utbdbzltbge gi memroy, agrm memroy wbdd nm dgst be tfm igra gi fmlt.

Stbiiemss le` usm gi mdlstbc memroy ny tfm ZMC, SMC, le` tme`ges cfleoms `mpme`beo upge lctbvbty gi tfm auscudlturm. @urbeo l plssbvm

Be L.Y. Fbdd‒s 3-cgapgemet ag`md, tfm bebtbld igrcm `mvmdgpamet gi l auscdm bs trlesabttm` tg

strmtcf, tfm stbiiemss gi tfm ZMC bs

ldmet gi puap fle`dm up lt tfm stmreua. Ls tfm pmdvbs omts iuddmr, wm mxpmct tg smm pgstmrb gr mxplesbge lt tfm uppmr slcrua. Pfbs bs tfm mqubvldmet gi uppmr `grsld-rgstrld mxplesbge lt tfm tfgrlx. Bi B cle omt tfm uppmr slcrua tg mxple` pgstmrbgrdy, bt smts tfm rboft rmdltbgesfbp nmtwmme tfm supmrbgr slcrua le` tfm ilcmts gi D=, sg ls tg lddgw tfm duanlr curvm tg mxprmss l trum, rmd ltbvm dgr`gtbc curvm gi 3: `mormms. Bi B cle omt uppmr `grsld-rgstrld mxplesbge, tfbs crmltms tfm rboft rmdltbgesfbp nmtwmme P< le` C?, sg ls tg lddgw tfm cmrvbcld curvm tg mxprmss l trum rmdltbvm dgr`gtbc curvm gi 3: `mormms. Pfgsm twg 3: `mormm curvms lrm tfm lxbld shmdmtge alrhmrs igr le gptbald slobttld pdlem. Pfbs bs gem tfmam tgwlr`s wfbcf tfbs wfgdm

Igr wb`m igdhs, stlrt wbtf `rbdds be zgem cgrm mxmrcbsms lrm alstmrm`, agvm tfma tg zgem 3 `rbdds, le` tflt sfgud` `g tfm trbch.

wfme tfmy lrm be l nbpm`ld pgsbtbge. Ls l rmsudt, cfbaps lrm pbtcfm` igrwlr`, le` flvm tg rmdy ge l qul`rupm` strltmoy. Cfbaps wgud` struoodm trmame`gusdy trybeo tg `g l iuddy uprboft gvmr fml` prmss.

Orly Cggh leldgobzms tfm prgpmr lpprglcf tg rmtrlbebeo plttmres tg gpmebeo l wbe`gw le` tfme agvbeo tfrguof bt. Pfbs bs le leldgoy tflt B rmlddy dgvm. Pfbeh gi egt nmbeo lndm tg omt gvmr fml` wbtf ygur lras ls l cdgsm` wbe`gw. wbe`gw. Stmp gem wgud` nm tg gpme tfm wbe`gw. Ley amtfg` tflt gpmes tfm wbe`gw bs ormlt. Nut, sbapdy gpmebeo tfm wbe`gw bs egt meguof. Egw tflt ygu flvm gpmem` bt, ygu flvm tg og tfrguof tfm wbe`gw, le` ygu flvm tg `g sgamtfbeo ge tfm

Sg bi, dbhm am, ygu gr sgam gi ygur trlbe beo sunkmcts cle‒t og iuddy gvmrfml`, egw ygu flvm l prmfbstgrbc odbapsm ls tg wfy wfy.. Pfm emxt qumstbge nmcgams wflt tg `g lngut bt. Pfm

Egtm tflt bt `gmse‒t ply tg prmss gem‒s wly gut gi pggr agtbge. L agrm succmssiud strltmoy bs tg alstmr tfm agtbge rst, le` tfme wgrh ge strmeotfmebeo gvmrfml` prmssbeo strmeotf wbtf lpprgprbltm `rbdds. Be fbs nggh, Agvmamet,

leswmr tg tflt bs tg try tg uedgch lssgcbltm` agtbges, le` tfm pdlcm tg og igr tflt bs nlch

gtfmr sb`m. Bi ygu `g egt, tflt wbe`gw wbdd sbapdy rmcdgsm lolbe be iuturm.

tg nrmltfbeo strltmobms cgrm mxmrcbsms. _b`m beirlstmreld leodmle` be`bvb`ulds emm` tg usm fbof prmssurm mxfldms, wbtf l salddmr agutf gpmebeo. Elrrgw beirlstmreld leodm be`bvb`ulds emm` tg usm dgw prmssurm mxfldms, wbtf l dlromr agutf gpmebeo.

_fme wgrhbeo wbtf l cdgsm` sfgud`mr mxbge wbe`gw, gvmrfml` prmssbeo cgud` nm tfm tggd tg gpme bt… nut prgnlndy egt tfm nmst tggd. Pfm amcflebsa gi omttbeo tfm lra gvmrfml` bs wflt wls prmsmetm` be tfm prgpudsbge lrc ag`md fmrm. Lccgr`beo tg tfbs ag`md, tfm fbofmst

prgnlnbdbty wbe`gw gpmemrs igr tfbs sbtultbge lrm wmdd-mxmcutm` cgrm mxmrcbsms, wbtf shmdmtge typm-spmcbc nrmltfbeo strltmobms. Gecm wm gpme tfm wbe`gw, wm egw emm` tg og tfrguof bt, ny `gbeo `rbdds tflt `mvmdgp strmeotf le` temss be tfm gvmrfml` pgsbtbge.

plttmres, tfmrm lrm ldd hbe`s gi ormlt tbssums tg `mvmdgp. Nmyge` tfm `mdtgb`s le` trbcmps, tfm twg agst gnvbgus auscdm orgups tflt lrm lssgcbltm` wbtf vmrtbcld pusfbeo, fgwmvmr, wm flvm ldd tfm sclpudlr auscdms bapdbcltm` be upwlr` rgtltbge, tflt wgud` ldsg nm sunkmct tg l`lptltbge. Auscdms dbhm tfm smrrltus letmrbgr, dgw trlp, le` ab`-sclpudlr auscdms lrm fmlvbdy rmcrubtm` `urbeo gvmrfml` prmssbeo lctbvbtbms. Pfmsm lrm ldd ormlt tbssums tg trlbe le` `mvmdgp, tfguof B tlhm l clutbgus lpprglcf wfme bt cgams tg gvmrfml` prmssbeo igr agst pmgpdm.

 

Zlom >?3

Pfm cltcf wbtf `gbeo `rbdds ge tfm gtfmr sb`m gi tfbs wbe`gw bs tflt, bi ygu `g belpprgprb ltm `rbdds nmyge` tfm cgapmtmecy dmvmd gi tfm be`bvb`uld ygu lrm wgrhbeo wbtf, fm gr sfm wbdd nm baam`bltmdy ndgwe nlch tfrguof tfm wbe`gw, wfbcf aly sdla sfut, nrbeobeo ygu nlch tg squlrm gem. Ls sucf, bt‒s crbtbcld tg hegw tfm lpprgprbltm stlrtbeo pdlcm ge tfm gtfmr sb`m gi tfm wbe`gw. wbe`gw. Pflt bs wfmrm tfm smesgrbagtgr cgapmtmecbms cgam betg pdly. pdly. Bi gem cle fgd` getg tfgsm cgapmtmecbms wfbdm `gbeo gvmrfml` prmssbeo, fm gr sfm wbdd becrmlsm tfm dbhmdbfgg` tflt tfm wbe`gw wbdd stly gpme, ls wmdd ls plvm tfm wly igr tfm lctbvbtbms tflt cle tlhm pdlcm ge tfm gtfmr sb`m. @gbeo meguof lctbvbtbms ge tfm gtfmr sb`m gi tfm wbe`gw wbdd crmltm l emw `gabelet rmspgesm strltmoy. Ogbeo igrwlr`, tfbs wbdd sbapdy nm fgw gem `gms tfbeos. Pfbs bs tfm nlsbs gi emurgpdlstbcbty le` dmlrebeo gvmrldd; meguof rmps gi tfm rboft hbe` wbdd cmamet tfm tmcfebqum usm` igr ldd rmps. Mvmetulddy, tfbs wbe`gw wbdd nm gpme ny `miludt, le` cdgsbeo bt wbdd be ilct nm `bicudt. Sgam aly egt emm` tg `g ley cgrm `rbdds, nm clusm tfmy‒vm succmssiuddy rmagvm` tfm agtbge cgestrlbet tfmy wmrm ilcbeo. Igr gtfmrs, tfm wbe`gw aly egt stly gpme ny `miludt, gr egt wb`mdy meguof tg og tfrguof bt lt wbdd, sg ls tg pdly ge tfm gtfmr sb`m. Gecm tfrguof bt, tfmsm igdhs aly nm `gbeo ldd tfm rboft tfbeos tg hmmp bt gpme, nut, igr sgam rmlsge, bt hmmps ge cdgs beo ge tfma. Pfbs bddustrltms tfm bapgrtlecm gi amlsurbeo. Bi sgamgem bs rgutbemdy dbabtm` be

 Ltfdmtms dbhm wmboftdbitmrs, wmboftdbitmrs, crgssttm crgssttmrs, rs, le` strgeoale ltfdmtms lrm rmqubrm` tg og gvmrfml` wbtf wmboft ny tfmbr spgrts, le` wbdd tfmrmigrm nmemt irga ogbeo `mmp betg sgam gi tfm prg ormssbges igr tfbs plttmre. Igr mvmrygem mdsm, B `mma tfbs plttmre bs purmdy mdmctbvm. ^bsh vmrsus rmwlr` leldysbs cle fmdp us leswmr wfmtfmr ley obvme be`bvb`uld cle nmemt irga tfbs plttmre. Pfm rmwlr` irga ogbeo gvmrfml` wbtf wmboft bs omttbeo agrm gvmrldd `mvmdgpamet gi tfm uppmr ng`y auscdms, pgssbndy crmltbeo l agrm rmsbdbmet sfgud`mr cgapdmx, le` omttbeo agrm trlbebeo vlrbltbge, le` pgssbndy ormltmr l`lptltbges. _flt lrm sgam gi tfm rbshs7 Pfbs plttmre rmqubrms l dgt gi nbgamcflebcld prmrmqubsbtms tg mxmcutm cgrrmctdy, pgtmetblddy emcmssbtltbeo mxcmssbvm trlbebeo gi tfm ng`y plrts bevgdvm` tfmrmbe, lt tfm gppgrtuebty cgst gi trlbebeo gtf mrs. Be fmr tmxtngghs, Sfbrdmy Slfralee egtms tflt l amcflebcld `rbvmr gi wflt cgud` rmsudt be plbe bs mxcmssbvm smcge`lry agtbges gi l kgbet. Mvmry kgbet fls bts prbalry pfysbgdgobcld agtbge, nut agst kgbets flvm smcge`lry le` tmrtblry agtbges. Igr bestlecm, tfm duanlr spbem prbalrbdy agvms tfrguof mxbge le` mxtmesbge, nut cle

gvmrfml` clplnbdbtbms, bt aly nm wgrtf qubchdy puttbeo fba gr fmr ge l tlndm le` smmbeo wflt

ldsg rgtltm le` sb`m nme`. _fme bt bs irmqumetdy le` mxcmssbvmdy rgtltbeo, tflt tme`s tg rb`m

tflt mxbge,dggh mxtmesbge, B^, M^, ln`uc tbge, pmrsge‒s le` l``uctbge dbhm. Bi dbabtltbges lrm uecgvmrm`, e` sgam `rbdds tflt qubchdy rmagvm tfma, sg tfm sunkmct cle prgormss tg trlbebeo tfm plttmre wbtf iudd agvmamet mxprmssbge.

ldgeo wbtf gvmrfml` ormltmr plbe lssgcbltbges. _fme agst igdhs prmss, tfmy typbclddy ma pdgy cguetdmss cgapmesltbges. Pfmbr fml`s lrm cgetgrtbeo, tfmbr emch wbdd twbst le` ture, tfmbr rbns lrm, tfmbr dgw nlchs lrcf, tfmbr pmdvbsms tbp, le` tfmbr immt spbe gut. Agst gvmrfml` prmssms me` up rmsmandbeo stle`beo nlch-nme` nmecf

Bi gem bs trlbebeo gvmrfml` pusfbeo

 

Zlom >?0

prmssms agrm tfle tfmy `g lctuld vmrtbcld pusf alemuvmrs. Pfm smesgrbagtgr cgapmtmecbms mxbst sg tflt wm rm`ucm tfm rbsh gi `mtrbametld sb`m miimcts gi mxmrcbsm. ^mcldd tflt tfbs —salrt `ruo‑ lpprglcf tg mxmrcbsm tmcfebqum becrmlsms tfm prgnlnbdbty gi trlbebeo tfm prbalry pfysbgdgobcld agtbge gi l  kgbet, fgebeo fgebeo be ge tfm lpprgprbltm lpprgprbltm tlromt tlromt tbssums, le` rm`ucbeo tfm smcge`lry pfysbgdgobcld agtbge gi kgbets tflt wm `ge‒t wlet tg nm liimct m`. Bi gem agvms sfgud`mr mxbge betg l pdlcm wfmrm gem fls iudd rleom, le` cle `magestrltm l`mqultm cgrm cgetrgd irga l slobttld cgapmtme cy pmrspmctbvm, fm gr sfm wbdd `g kust em becdu` beo vmrtbcld prmssbeo betg le betmddbomet prgorla `msboe. Cflecms lrm, fgwmvmr, tflt tfm pmgpdm ygu wgrh wbtf wbdd rlrmdy `magestrltm tfmsm ue`mrdybeo clplnbdbtbms tg ygu. Le`, bi tfmy `g egt, ay l`vbcm bs tg fm`om ygur nmts, le` dbabt fgw `mmp ygu og betg tfm prgormssbges igr tfmsm `rbdds. Prlbebeo tfm Ymrtbcld Zusf Zlttmre

 Lvlbdlndm  Lvlbdl ndm Gptbges; Gptbges;      

Lvlbdlndm Zdlems; Slobttld le` Irgetld Lvlbdlndm Stlecms; Nbdltmrld le` Irget/ Nlch Lvlbdlndm Dgl`s; Ldd

   

Lvlbdlndm Ymdgcbtbms; Ldd Lvlbdlndm @urltbges; Ldd

Slobttld, Nbdltmrld, Ege-Nlddbstbc, Ag`mrltm tg Fbof Dgl`, Dgw tg Ag`mrltm Ymdgcbty, Sfgrt tg Ag`mrltm @urltbge

  Pfmrm lrm twg orgups gi slobttld pdlem, nbdltmrld stlecm vmrtbcld pusf mxmrcbsms; ege-nlddbstbc gr nlddbstbc vlrbltbges. Pfm ege-nld-

nlrs, dgos, le` gtfmr bapdmamets. B ldagst ldwlys becdu`m sgamtfbeo irga tfbs rmlda gi prmssbeo be ay sunkmct‒s prgorlas, rmolr`dmss gi tfmbr temss oglds gr spgrt gi cfgbcm. Aley wbdd gedy mvmr nm prmscrbnm` euanmr gem le`/gr twg be tfm prgormssbge dbst. Euanmr gem bs le becdbem `uannmdd prmss, wfbcf sgam aly lroum bse‒t trudy l vmrtbcld pusfbeo mxmrcbsm. B wgud` cguetmr wbtf tfm ilct tflt, bi wm amlsurm` agst pmgpdm ge l tlndm, bt bs ls cdgsm tg vmrtbcld ls tfm sfgud`mr agtbge clplnbd btbms gi agst lddgw. Pfm becdbem `uannmdd prmss giimrs tfm nmemts le` l`lptltbges tflt wgud` dbvm be tfm vmrtbcld pusfbeo plttmre (ls `bstbect irga tfgsm tflt wgud` nm giimrm` ny le becdbem prmss be tfm fgrbzgetld pusfbeo plttmre), le` sb`mstmps uewletm` sb`m miimcts. Bi B agvm nmyge` becdbem vlrbltbges igr l spmcbc pmrsge, bt bs usulddy nmclusm gi gem gi tfm igddgwbeo rmlsges. ^mlsge gem bs wfme B‒a wgrhbeo wbtf le ltfdmtm tflt cgapmtms be spgrts bevgdvbeo gvmrfml` dbits. ^mlsge twg bs nmclusm B la wgrhbeo wbtf sgamgem wfg fls fbof-dmvmd lmstfmtbc oglds. @mvmdgpbeo gem‒s `mdtgb`s le` uppmr trlps tg tfm fbofmst pgssbndm dmvmds rmqubrms tfm prgorlaabeo gi vmrtbcld pusfbeo. Gtfmr ltfdmtms le` omemrld/fmldtf-`rbvme pmr sgeld trlbebeo cdbmets stly be tfm becdbem prmss wgrd`. Pfm igddgwbeo dbst bs tfm smqumecm gi slobttld pdlem, nbdltmrld stlecm, ege-nlddbstbc, ag`mr ltm tg fbof dgl`, dgw tg ag`mrltm vmdgcbty, sfgrt tg ag`mrltm `urltbge vmrtbcld pusf mxmrcbsms; ?=

>. Becdbem Nlrnmdd 3. Dgeo smltm` Nlrnmdd gvmrfml` (uedmss tfm sunkmct bs vmry wmlh, tfme swbtcf 3 le` 0) 0. Dgeo smltm` @N gvmrfml`

=. Smltm` Nlrnmdd gvmrfml` 9. Smltm` @N gvmrfml` ?. Stle`beo Nlrnmdd gvmrfml` 6. Stle`beo @N gvmrfml`

Cglcfbeo Zgbets

  Ay cglcfbeo igr vmrtbcld pusfbeo bs dmss l Pg Pg @g dbst le` agrm l Pg Pg Egt @g dbst. B `g egt wlet tg smm tfm fml` sfggt tgg ilr igrwlr` gi tfm ng`y. ng`y. B `g egt wlet tg smm tfm irget gi tfm tfgrlx y up le` igrwlr`. B `g egt wlet tg smm l fuom lrcf be tfm dgwmr nlch. B `g egt wlet tg smm tfm pmdvbs tbp wly igrwlr`. B rmlddy dbhm smltm` vlrbltbges gi gvmrfml` prmssbeo wbtf l nlchrmst. Igr bestlecm, B‒dd `g l dgt gi stuii be tfm dgeo smltm` pgsbtbge (smltm` ge tfm orgue` wbtf dmos strlboft gut be irget gi ygu)

Ny egw, ygu wge‒t nm surprbsm` tg fmlr tflt B wgud` ldwlys cfggsm l nlchrmst gvmr tfrgwbeo sunkmcts betg mxmrcbsms wfmrm tfmbr tfgrlxms lrm irmm be splcm. Nmclusm tfm nlchrmst prgvb`ms l rmlddy crbtbcld rmimrmecm, bt fmdps sunkmcts cgetrgd tfmbr ng`bms be splcm, wfbcf bs gi ormltmr bebtbld betmrmst tg am tfle tfm laguet gi wmboft tfmy cle agvm tfrguof splcm. _fme `gbeo agrm stle`lr` smltm` gvmrfml` prmssms, B‒dd ldsg irmqumetdy mdmvltm ay sunkmcts‒ immt wbtf ngxms, wfbcf plssbvmdy nrbeos tfm pmdvbs be iurtfmr ue`mr tfm ng`y. ng`y. Pfbs mesurms l strgeo stlrtbeo pgsbtbge igr tfm mxmrcbsm, wfbcf sunkmcts tfme emm` tg albetlbe wfbdm lctuld dy `gbeo tfm mxmrcbsm. Bi wm‒rm egt stlrtbeo gii gii be tfm rboft pgsbtbge, tfm g``s gi lcfbmvbeo bt ab`-mxmrcbsm lrm sdba tg egem. Pfm stbchbeo pgbet ge vmrtbcld prmssms bs lngut fldiwly up, sgamwfmrm lrgue` tfm mlrs gr tgp gi tfm fml`. Gecm tfbs pgbet bs fur`dm`, wm‒rm typbclddy ogg` tg og igr tfm ebsf. Lt tfbs fldiwly pgbet, bt‒s bapgrtlet tg nm plrtbcudlrdy cgoebzlet gi amcflebcld nrmlh`gwes. Bi ygu smm tfbeos stlrtbeo tg ildd lplrt be tflt zgem gi tfm agvmamet, ay l`vbcm bs egt tg oft tfrguof tgg aley gi tfgsm rmps. _fbdm tfmrm bs sgam upsb`m tg omttbeo tfma be, tfmrm bs ldsg l `gwe sb`m. Be trlbebeo, wm‒rm nmttmr gii lccuaudltbeo l ormltmr euanmr gi smts tflt rmtlbe amcflebcld prgcbmecy nut stgp sfgrt gi tmcfebcld nrmlh`gwe tfle lccuaudltbeo l salddmr euanmr gi smts wfmrm wm og tg le` nmyge` tmcfebcld nrmlh`gwe tg clrry tfm smt tg ilbdurm. Pfm dgeo olam gi cgesbstmecy le` l`fmrmecm bs tfm sur mst rgl` tgwlr`s dgeo tmra succmss. Fgt sfgts wfg smdd gut ge mvmry smt lrm l lsf be tfm ple.

wbtf tfm pmrsge‒s nlch up lolbest l ngx. Pfm ngx prgvb`ms l rmimrmecm igr wfmrm tfm tfgrlx

Dgeo tmra trlbebeo succmss bs lngut nurybeo tfm mog, wfbcf, becb`metlddy, bs prgnlndy tfm

bs splcm.tfm B wlet pusfm` upbelolbest ngx, tfm le`slcrua tfm ab``dm le` rboft uppmr nlch lolbest tfm ngx. Bi sunkmcts cle fgd` tfgsm pgbets gi cgetlct, tfme B immd rmlddy ogg` lngut tfmbr agtgr cgapmtmecy be tfm slobttld pdlem `urbeo tfbs mxmrcbsm.

nboomst cgetrbnutgr tg ilbdurm trlbebeo-nlsm` Cuttbeo l smt sfgrt gi rmqubrms bekurbms. l tmapmr beo gi gem‒s mog. Strbct l`fmrmecm tg l agtbge, bebtblddy ilcbdbtltm` wbtf usm gi dgw dgl`s, rm qubrms tfm slam. Ls `gms rmsbstbeo tfm urom tg prgormss dgl`, gr rmps, gr smts ge le mxmrcbsm, hegwbeo tflt tfmrm‒s agrm wgrh tg `g tgwlr`s

iuddy cgapmtmet mxmrcbsm mxmcutbge. Bi wm cle tuem `gwe mog-`rbvme magtbges dbhm cgapmtb tbvmemss, kmldgusy, prb`m le` vlebty, wm‒rm dbhmdy tg becrmlsm gur dbhmdbfgg` gi dgeo tmra succmss. Alhm strbct rudms igr agvmamet mxmcutbge. @g egt `mvbltm irga tfgsm rudms wfbdm ygu lrm trlbebeo - mbtfmr ygursmdi gr gtfmrs. Nm fgemst wbtf ygursmdi. Bi ygu trust tfm prgcmss gi `gbeo tfbeos rboft, ygu‒dd nm lalzm` lt fgw ilr ygu cle og.

Igr aley pgpudltbges, `gbeo tfmsm nlddbstbc gvmrfml` `rbdds ge mbtfmr tfm Zmetloge nlr gr tfm Lbr Sqult cle nm l alkgr kgbet slvmr cgaplrm` tg `gbeo sbabdlr agvmamets vbl l purmdy vmrtbcld vmctgr.

 

Zlom >?9

Slobttld, Nbdltmrld, Nlddbstbc, Ag`mrltm tg Fbof Dgl`, Fbof Ymdgcbty, Sfgrt tg Ag`mrltm @urltbge

  _fmemvmr B‒a tmlcfbeo ley hbe` gi Gdyapbc `rbdd, B‒dd stlrt ny tmlcfbeo mbtfmr tfm nmobeebeo gr tfm me`beo plrt gi tfm dbit. Dbhmwbsm, be tfmsm nbdltmrld stlecm nlddbstbc vlrbltbges, wm‒dd stlrt ny dgghbeo lt tfm nmobeebeo gi tfm dbit, tfme ilst igrwlr` tg tfm me` gi tfm dbit, le`, elddy, wm‒dd cbrcdm nlch tg tfm ab``dm.

  Pfbs rmlda gi mxmrcbsm bevgdvms sgam gi tfm gvmrfml` dbits lssgcbltm` wbtf tfm spgrt gi wmboftdbitbeo. Pfm dbst gi prgormssbges wbdd dggh sgamwflt sbabdlr tg sgamtfbeo ygu aboft e` be l ]SL _mboftdbitbeo (]SL_) aleuld, nut

Pfm pusf prmss bs tfm rst vlrbltbge betrg`ucm`. Bt `male`s tflt tfm dbitmr `bp, `rbvm, le` ebsf tfm prmss be l cltcf pgsbtbge, stle`beo iuddy strlboft. Pfmrm bs eg sqult-ue`mr pflsm igr l cltcf wbtf tfm pusf prmss. Litmr tfm pusf prmss,

tfmrm lrm sgam sboebclet `biimrmecms. Pfm nboomst `biimrmecm nmtwmme sgam gi tfm trl`btbgeld ag`mds, le` wflt ygu‒dd smm fmrm, bs tflt prgormssbges < le` 3 ngtf bevgdvm l `mvbcm tflt wbdd egt og strlboft gvmrfml`. Bestml`, tfmsm prgormssbges imlturm prmssbeo sgamtfbeo agrm lt tfm leodm tg le becdbem prmss. Pfm Zmetloge nlr rmimrs tg pdlcbeo —Pfm Zmetloge‑ lttlcfamet getg l nlrnmdd tflt bs pdlcm` besb`m l Dle`abem uebt. Pfbs smtup lddgws l nlrnmdd tg nm swbeobeo tfrguof tfm lbr

tfm igcus sfbits tg fgw tg mxmcutm tfm me` gi tfm dbit. Be tmlcfbeo tfm cltcf le` rmcgvmry, bt‒s vmry cgaage tg stlrt wbtf le gvmrfml` sqult. Pfbs bs tfm agst stltbc lra lctbge gem cle `magestrltm, le` bt omts sunkmcts usm` tg tfm `male`s gi squlttbeo be tfm gvmrfml` cltcf pgsbtbge. Igddgwbeo cgapmtmecy be tfm gvmrfml` sqult, tfm dbitmr agvms ge tg kmrh rmcgvmrbms, wfmrm tfm nlr bs pgsbtbgem` be l rlch lt l fmboft tflt wgud` nm lngut tfm fmboft gi l pgwmr cltcf. Pfm ltfdmtm ababcs pusfbeo fba gr fmrsmdi ue`mr tfm nlr, ls tfmy wgud` `urbeo le lctuld pgwmr

lt le lrc tflt melndms prmssbeo lt le leodm tflt bs egt purmdy vmrtbcld. Igr tfgsm wfg dlch tfm sfgud`mr mxbge ^GA, le` cleegt og cgapdmtmdy gvmrfml`, usbeo Pfm Zmetloge lttlcfamet bs l ormlt ag`bcltbge. Pfm Zmetloge lttlcfamet fls swbvmdbeo fle`dms tflt lddgw tfm orbp tg cfleom nmtwmme emutrld le` gvmrfle` be l saggtf rgtltbeo aleemr. aleemr. Pfbs `mvbcm bs mspmcblddy vmrsltbdm le` vldulndm igr tmlcfbeo tfmsm gvmrfml` pgsbtbges, le` trlbebeo be l nlddbstbc

 kmrh. Emxt, tfm tfm ltfdmtm omts betg l ormlt pgwmr pgwmr pgsbtbge wbtf gvmrfml` dgchgut cltcf, le` tfme stle`s tfm nlr up, ebsfbeo tfm kmrh rmcgvmry agvm. _btf tfm kmrh nldlecm, tfm ltfdmtm lpprgprbltmdy pgsbtbges fba gr fmrsmdi lt tfm stlrt, wbtf tfm nlr be l irget rlch pgsbtbge. Irga tfmrm, fm gr sfm qubchdy `mscme`s ue`mr tfm nlrnmdd, le` omts betg l sqult-ue`mr cltcf pgsbtbge ls ilst ls pgssbndm. _btf tfm kmrh nldlecm, tfmrm bs eg `bp le` `rbvm pflsm. Pfm igcus gi tfm kmrh nldlecm

ilsfbge.

bs ge fgw qubchdy gem cle omt ue`mr tfm nlr le` betg le lpprgprbltm cltcf pgsbtbge. Ldd gi tfmsm

Zrmssbeo tfm Hmbsmr alcfbem prgvb`ms l sbabdlr leodm ls Lbr tfmSqult Zmetloge nlr. Pfm Lbr Sqult alcfbem agvms ge le lrc, le` cle nm mlsbdy l`lptm` igr prmssbeo bestml` gi squlttbeo, ny pdlcbeo tfm fle`s ue`mr tfm pl`s egralddy betme`m` tg og ge tgp gi tfm sfgud`mrs, le` prmssbeo bestml` gi squlttbeo tfm alcfbem.

`rbdds flvm lfldi nblsgitgwlr`s prmplrbeo tfm dbitmr igr tfm smcge` tfm mxmrcbsm.

sbtbge, tg `rbdds bevgdvbeo rlpb`dy squlttbeo ue`mr tfm nlr, le` cltcfbeo tfm nlr wbtf eg prmcm`beo `rbvm pflsm, tg `rbdds bevgdvbeo l `bp le` `rbvm pflsm prbgr tg squlttbeo ue`mr tfm nlr (prgormssbvmdy `mmpmr) le` cltcfbeo be l dgchm`-gut, gvmrfml` pgsbtbge. Pfm igddgwbeo dbst bs tfm smqumecm gi slobttld pdlem, nbdltmrld stlecm, nlddbstbc, ag`mrltm tg fbof dgl`, fbof vmdgcbty, sfgrt tg ag`mrltm `urltbge vmrtbcld pusf mxmrcbsms;

pgwmr kmrhs le` sqult kmrhs.

Pfm Zmetloge nlr le` Hmbsmr Lbr Sqult vlrbltbges lsb`m, tfm gtfmr `rbdds lrm ilbrdy stle`lr` gvmrfml` wmboftdbitbeo prgormssbges. Pfm `rbdds og irga gvmrfml` dgchgut wbtf l stltbc lra pg-

 

Zlom >??

. Zusf prmss 3. Gvmrfml` Zmetloge nlr gr Hmbsmr Lbr Sqult sqult 0. Gvmrfml` sqult =. Zgwmr kmrh rmcgvmrbms 9. Sqult kmrh rmcgvmrbms ?. Nmfbe` tfm emch kmrh nldlecm

tfm fbps, hemms, le` lehdms, wfbdm hmmpbeo tfm tfgrlx fbofdy vmrtbclddy grbmetm`. Hmmpbeo tfm wmboft cmetmrm` gvmr tfm ab`iggt rltfmr tfle tfrguof tfm fmmds cle nm vmry fmdpiud igr albetlbebeo l vmry uprboft ng`y. ng`y. Pfm `bp bs egt l dlrom agtbge gi alynm = gr 9 becfms, ls gp pgsm` tg `rgppbeo betg l fldi-sqult. Pfm albe imlturms gi tfm `bp lrm tflt bt sfgud` nm vmry ilst, le` tflt tfm ng`y sfgud` nm rbob`dy fmd` be l tldd pgsbtbge tfrguofgut bts `urltbge. Pfm lnbdbty tg albetlbe l cgecmetrbc grbmetltbge gi tfm pmdvbc ggr le` gtfmr rmdmvlet auscdms `urbeo tfbs ybmd`beo lctbge bs tfm hmy tg nmbeo lndm tg mxmcutm tfm tmcfebcld mdmamets gi tfbs pflsm.

6. Kmrh nldlecm 2. Zgwmr kmrh ?6

_btf tfm `rbvm pflsm, tfm ltfdmtm bs mssmetblddy trybeo tg kuap ls fbof ls pgssbndm wbtf l nlrnmdd ge fbs gr fmr sfgud`mrs. Pfm `rbvm pflsm cgetbeums up uetbd tfm pgbet wfmrm tfm nlrnmdd fls nmme dluecfm` gvmrfml`, wbtf alxbald vmrtbcld prgpudsbge. Lt l cmrtlbe pgbet be tfm nlrnmdd‒s boft, tfm ltfdmtm swbtcfms irga tfm `rbvm tg tfm sqult ue`mr pflsm gi tfm dbit. Fmrm, tfm ltfdmtm fls tg sfbit irga `rbvbeo tfm nlrnmdd upwlr`s tg squlttbeo `gwe ue`mr bt. Nmigrm tfm nlrnmdd bs cluoft gvmrfml`, tfm ltfdmtm‒s immt sfgud` rst nm ge tfm orgue`. _fme cltcfbeo sgamtfbeo fmlvy, bt cmrtlbedy fmdps tg flvm gem‒s immt rady ge tfm orgue`, wfbcf prg vb`ms l igue`ltbge wbtfgut wfbcf tfm cflecms gi cdmledy cltcfbeo tfm nlr lrm vmry sdba. _fme wltcfbeo le ltfdmtm cltcf l kmrh gvmr fml`, ygu wlet tg smm tfm nlrnmdd `brmctdy gvmr tfm ab`iggt. Pfm lehdms, hemms, le` fbps wbdd nm mxm` tg tfm pgbet wfmrm tfm ltfdmtm cltcfms tfm nlrnmdd be l qulrtmr-sqult pgsbtbge be l pgwmr  kmrh, gr be be l iudd sqult sqult pgsbtbge pgsbtbge be l sqult sqult kmrh. kmrh. _m wlet l tldd lxbld shmdmtge be tfm cltcf pgsb tbge. Be le b`mld cltcf, tfm egsm, stmreua, le`

Be tfm cltcf pgsbtbge, tfm lras sfgud` cgetbeum tg `rbvm up. Pfm agst cgaage cum B‒dd obvm bs —puecf tfm cmbdbeo‑. B wlet tg smm tfm ltfdmtm `gbeo mvmrytfbeo be tfmbr pgwmr tg `rbvm tfm fle`s up. Gecm tfm ltfdmtm fls cluoft le` stlnbdbzm` tfm nlr be mbtfmr tfm pgwmr pgsbtbge gr tfm iudd sqult cltcf, fm gr sfm emm`s tg stle` tfm nlr nlch up. Pfbs lct, ldsg clddm` tfm rmcgvmry, rmcgvmry, bevgdvms cgecmetrbclddy squlttbeo tfm nlr tg tfm tgp pgsb tbge, le` cgabeo tg rmst stle`beo. Pfm ltfdmtm sfgud` rmalbe tboft tfrguofgut tfm lxbld shmdm tge, ls fm gr sfm pusfms tfrguof tfm immt, le` rbsms tg cgapdmtm tfm agvmamet. Pfmsm nlddbstbc gvmrfml` dbits lrm becrm`bndy mxpdgsbvm `rbdds wbtf vmry fbof pgwmr gutputs be dlngrltgry tmstbeo. Pfmsm typms gi dbits clusm fbof rltms gi igrcm `mvmdgpamet, utbdbzm l strmtcf-sfgrtmebeo cycdm, rmcrubt fbof tfrmsfgd` agtgr uebts, baprgvm syecfrgebzltbge gi emurgauscudlr rbeo, le` rmqubrm dlrom `mormms gi cggr`beltbge, tbabeo, le` stlnbdbzltbge. Le` ymt, `mspbtm tfmbr pgssmssbge gi ldd gi tfmsm lttrbnutms, tfmy aly egt nm wgrtf usbeo igr tfm alkgrbty gi tfm ltfdmtms ygu wgrh wbtf. Bi B la wgrhbeo wbtf ltfdmtms wfg `g egt gvmrfml`-dbit be tfmbr spgrt, B wgud` prgnlndy gedy usm tfm mxmr -

punbc syapfysbs sfgud` ldd nm lbam` igrwlr` lt tfm fgrbzge be cgecmrt. _m `g egt wlet le

cbsms bevgdvbeo tfm Zmetloge nlr le` tfm Hmbsmr  Lbr Sqult. Sqult. _btf tfgsm tfgsm twg gptbges, gptbges, B dbhmdy dbhmdy rm-

mxloomrltm` laguet gilaguet letmrbgrgipmdvbc tbdt be tfm cltcf, gr le mxcmssbvm tfm stmreua nmbeo lbam` up. Ldd tfrmm ngems nmbeo dmvmd bs tfm gptbald lrrleomamet.

cmbvm rm`ucm gi tfm ldd rbshtfm gi l`lptbvm flvbeo tgnmemts, og betg lnut pgsbtbge gisgam iudd sfgud`mr mxbge wfme rmcmbvbeo tfm dgl`.

Pfm ltfdmtm fls tg nm lndm tg crmltm le becrm` bndm laguet gi tmesbge tfrguof tfm dgwmr mx-

B spmet l sboebclet laguet gi tbam dmlrebeo Gdyapbc stydm dbitbeo. B cgapmtm` be tfm spgrt. B trlbem` wbtf tfmsm dbits igr ymlrs le` ymlrs.

 

Zlom >?2

Cgesmqumetdy, B flvm l strgeo magtbgeld cgeemctbge wbtf tfmsm mxmrcbsms, wfbcf B flvm wgrhm` tg alstmr le` utbdbzm be ay gwe trlbebeo, nmdbmvbeo tfmy wgud` uedgch trmame`gus ltfdmtbc pgtmetbld. Stmppbeo nlch egw le` vbmwbeo tfma agrm gnkmctbvmdy, B udtbaltmdy smm tfma ls l``b tbgeld tggds be gur temss le` strmeotf `mvmdgpamet tggd ngx. _fbdm tfmy `g prgvb`m tfbs fmlvy nlddbstbc trlbebeo stbaudus tflt bs flr` tg e` be gtfmr mxmrcbsms, wfme wm cle stmp gutsb`m gi gur nblsms, wm rmldbzm tfbs bs egt emcmsslrbdy tfm —me` ldd, nm ldd‑ igr trlbebeo. Slobttld, Irget/Nlch, Nlddbstbc, Ag`mrltm tg Fbof Dgl`, Fbof Ymdgcbty, Sfgrt tg Ag`mrltm @urltbge

  Pfbs rmlda gi mxmrcbsm bevgdvms mxmcutbge gi spdbt kmrhs. Be tfm prmvbgus smctbge, gecm wm ogt plst tfm Zmetloge nlr le` tfm Hmbsmr Lbr Sqult `rbdds, wm wmrm dmit wbtf l ilbrdy stle`lr` Gdyapbc dbitbeo prgormssbge dbst igr tmlcfbeo pgwmr le` sqult kmrhs. _m fl` gvmrfml` sqults,  kmrh rmcgvmrbms, rmcgvmrbms, kmrh kmrh nldlecms, nldlecms, le` kmrhs tfma tfmasmdvms. _fme puttbeo tgomtfmr l dbst gi prgormssbges igr spdbt kmrhs, tfmrm bs l `biimrmecm nmtwmme tfm structurm gi tfmsm `rbdds le` tfmbr nbdltmrld stlecm vmrsbges. _btf spdbt kmrhs, tfmrm bs eg wly tg `g l pusf-prmss vlrbltbge wbtf l irget/ nlch stlecm. Nlsm` ge tfbs, wm `g egt stlrt wbtf tfm nmobeebeo gi tfm mxmrcbsm. Bestml`, wm stlrt wbtf tfm me` rst. Be tfbs ag`md, ygu wgud` nm tmlcfbeo tfm nbdltmrld stlecm vlrbltbge rst. Sbecm tfbs vlrbltbge sflrms bts stlrtbeo pgsbtbge wbtf tfm spdbt kmrh, tflt pflsm gi bestructbge bs lctulddy ldrml`y `gem igr ygu. Pg tmlcf tfm me` plrts gi tfm dbit, tfbs ag`md stlrts wbtf gvmrfml` spdbt sqult mxmrcbs -

tg tfmsm ls tg tfm nbdltmrld stlecm vlrbltbges. _m agvm irga tfm spdbt sqult tg tfm rmcgvmry, irga tfm rmcgvmry tg tfm nldlecm, le` irga tfm nldlecm tg tfm kmrh. Pfm igddgwbeo dbst bs tfm smqumecm gi mxmrcbsms igr slobttld pdlem, irget/ nlch stlecm, nlddbstbc, ag`mrltm tg fbof dgl`, fbof vmdgcbty, sfgrt tg ag`mrltm `urltbge gvmr fml` pusf mxmrcbsms; . Gvmrfml` spdbt sqult 3. Zmetloge nlr spdbt kmrh nldlecm 0. Zmetloge nlr spdbt kmrh =. Spdbt kmrh rmcgvmrbms 9. Nmfbe` tfm emch spdbt kmrh nldlecm ?. Spdbt kmrh nldlecm 6. Spdbt kmrh Cglcfbeo Zgbets

  B tfbeh agst egvbcms, gr igdhs egt bevgdvm` be wmboftdbitbeo lssuam tflt tfm agst bapgrtlet plrt gi kmrhs bs tfm laguet gi gvmrfml` prmssbeo strmeotf. Be rmldbty, rmldbty, bt fls aucf agrm tg `g wbtf fgw qubchdy gem cle `bvm ue`mr l nlr, le` fgw wbddbeo fm gr sfm bs tg cltcf bt be l iuddy dgchm`gut pgsbtbge. Pg nm l ogg` wmboftdbitmr, gem fls tg nm ngtf imlrdmss le` ilst. Pfmsm dbits lrm ldagst dbhm l oyaelstbcs mvmet, wfmrm tfm ltfdmtm bs agvbeo lrgue` le lpplrltus tflt bs ldsg agvbeo. Gi cgursm, strmeotf pdlys l alkgr rgdm be fgw aucf wmboft sgam bs udtbaltmdy clplndm gi dbitbeo, nut wmboftdbitbeo bs l twbtcfy spgrt. Pfm ltfdmtms emm` tg dmlre fgw tg agvm fba gr fmrsmdi irga pgsbtbge tg pgsbtbge lt `luetbeo spmm`s. Pfm `brmctbge igr wfbcf spmm` bs plr tbcudlrdy bapgrtlet bs `gwe. Fgw qubchdy l dbitmr bs lndm tg agvm ue`mr tfm nlrnmdd betg tfm cltcf dlromdy `mtmrabems fbs gr fmr prgcbmecy lt

ag`md stlrts wbtf gvmrfml` spdbt sqult mxmrcbs ms. Ldtfguof, l`abttm`dy, B flvm egt nmme tg l ]SL_ cgursm sbecm >::9, tfbs bs egt sgamtfbeo

dlromdy `mtmrabems fbs gr fmr prgcbmecy lt tfmsm dbits. Pfbs typm gi agvmamet clplnbdbty bs legtfmr `magestrltbge gi fbof vmdgcbty ybmd`beo,

Btfmdmss, flvm mvmr smmewbtf be lle ]SL ]SL_ _ aleuld. stlrtbeo gvmrfml` spdbtEmvmr  squltalhms smesm tg am, ls bt ababcs tfm lpprglcf tflt wgud` nm usm` wbtf l sqult kmrh prgorms sbge dbst, le` ldsg ts betg tfm cgecmpt gi stlrtbeo stltbc wbtf tfm uppmr mxtrmabty. mxtrmabty. Irga tfmrm, tfm slam smqumecbeo gi prgormssbges lppdbms

wfbdm albetlbebeo l cgecmetrbc grbmetltbge gi tfm rmdmvlet auscudlturm.

emm`s tg `rbvm igrwlr` flr` le` ilst. B flvm fmlr` ormlt cglcfms tmdd ltfdmtms tflt, igr tfm spdbt kmrh, tfmy emm` tg balobem tflt tfmrm bs l vmry sfgrt `ggrwly lngut sbx becfms be irget gi tfma, le` tflt tfmy emm` tg put tfmbr ng`y besb`m tfm `ggrirlam, le` omt tfmbr fml` ue`mr tfm `ggr irlam ls qubchdy ls pgssbndm. Pfbs fmdps tfm ltfdmtm ue`mrstle` fgw tg omt `gwe, le` fgw tg `rbvm igrwlr` qubchdy.

elamdy tfm trlesvmrsus ln`gabebs (PL).

^mdltm`dy, gem gi tfm agst bapgrtlet cgecmpts ygu cle rmbeigrcm bs tfm prgpmr pgsbtbgebeo gi tfmbr immt, le` omttbeo tfm immt betg tflt lrrleomamet ls qubchdy ls pgssbndm. Pfm irget iggt

 

Zlom >6:

Omttbeo tfm immt tg tfm orgue` qubchdy bs gi plrlaguet bapgrtlecm. Pfm immt sfgud` fbt tfm orgue` nmigrm tfm nlr bs cluoft be l dgchgut.  Ls egtm`, egtm`, bi tfm immt immt lrme‒t alhbeo sgdb` sgdb` cgetlct cgetlct wbtf tfm orgue`, wm‒rm abssbeo l igue`ltbge tg wgrh irga. Gecm tfm immt flvm rmlcfm` tfm orgue`, le` tfm ltfdmtm bs rml`y tg rmcmbvm tfm nlr be l prgpmr cltcf pgsbtbge, tfme tfm igcus tures tg crmltbeo tmesbge. Ltfdmtms emm` tg crmltm becrm`bndm auscudlr tmesbge tfrguofgut tfm dgwmr mxtrmabty, pmdvbs, ln`game, le` uppmr tfgrlx tg prgpmrdy rmcmbvm tfm nlrnmdd.  Ls tfmy rmcmbvm tfm tfm nlrnmdd, nlrnmdd, ltfdmtms ltfdmtms sfgud` nm lctbvmdy trybeo tg puecf tfm fle`s tfrguof tfm cmbdbeo, le` tfme wldh tfm immt be tgwlr`s tfm ab``dm, wfmrm tfmy me` tfm dbit wbtf ngtf immt emxt tg mlcf gtfmr. Pg prgpmrdy wldh tfm immt tg tfm me` pgbet, tfm ltfdmtm sfgud` tlhm igur tgtld stmps, stlrtbeo wbtf l fldi stmp nlch wbtf tfm irget iggt. Pfbs bs igddgwm` ny legtfmr fldi stmp, igrwlr`, wbtf tfm nlch iggt, le` tfme l smcge` fldi stmp nlch wbtf tfm irget iggt. Ibelddy, fm gr sfm tlhms l fldi stmp igrwlr` wbtf tfm nlch iggt. Pfbs sfgud` pgsbtbge tfma be l ebsf pgsbtbge, wbtf ngtf immt emxt tg mlcf gtfmr, le` tfm nlr nmdd fmd` strgeody gvmrfml`. Irgetld, Nbdltmrld, Ag`mrltm Dgl`, Ag`mrltm Ymdgcbty,, Ag`mrltm @urltbge Ymdgcbty

_fme smmbeo sgamgem pmrigra irgetld pdlem vmrtbcld pusf, ygu sfgud` smm tfm tfgrlx cdgsm ge tfm sb`m wbtf tfm `gwe lra, le` gpme ge tfm sb`m gi tfm up lra. Pfm cdgsbeo gi tfm tfgrlx rmimrs tg smmbeo le lpprgxbaltbge gi tfm lrapbt wbtf tfm LSBS. Aley tfbeh gi tfm PL ls tfm vlcuua auscdm, gr tfm auscdm tflt `rlws tfm nmddy nuttge be tgwlr`s tfm spbem. _fbdm bt aly egt nm betubtbvm tg tfbeh lngut gem sb`m gi bt lctbeo lt l tbam, B‒a lctulddy dgghbeo tg nbls tfm PL tgwlr`s l cgecmetrbc grbmetltbge ge gem sb`m, le` le mccmetrbc grbmetltbge ge tfm gtfmr. gtfmr. Immdbeo tfbs auscdm omttbeo rmcrubtm` bs l nbo `mld igr prgpmr mxmcutbge gi tfbs irgetld pdlem uppmr ng`y trlbebeo. _m wbdd smm tflt tfm mxmrcbsm prgormssbge be tfbs cltmogry wbdd becrmlsm be `bicudty sg ls tg alelom orlvbty rmdltbvm tg tfm pgsbtbge gi tfm ng`y, ls wmdd ls tg alelom tfm bapdmamet rmdltbvm tg orlvbty. orlvbty. Pfm rst mxmrcbsms lrm becdbem `uannmdd prmssms. Be tfm rst mxmrcbsm, —wbtf gii-fle` rmcbprgcltbeo‑ amles tflt tfmrm bs gedy gem fle` fgd`beo l `uannmdd. Pfm gtfmr fle` bs uedgl`m`, le` ogbeo tfrguof tfm agtbge. Be euanmr twg, bt sbapdy slys —ldtmreltbeo prmss‑, amlebeo tflt ngtf fle`s lrm fgd`beo wmbofts, le` sbaudtlemgusdy agvbeo be gppgsbeo `brmctbges. Igddgwbeo tfm becdbem `uannmdd, wm agvm tg `rbdds wbtf dle`abem uebts. Pfm becdbem `uannmdd le` tfm dle`abem ngtf lddgw pmgpdm wfg `g egt pgssmss iudd sfgud`mr mxbge tg stbdd nm lndm tg trlbe be tfbs agvmamet zgem. Pfm dle`abem sbapdy rmagvms rmimrmecms le` cgestrlbets lssgcbltm` wbtf flvbeo tfm nmecf lolbest gem‒s ng`y `urbeo tfm becdbem prmss. Litmr tfm dle`abem `rbdds, wm agvm tg purm vmrtbcld pusfbeo `rbdds tflt nmcgam prgormssbvmdy agrm `bicudt

  Pfbs rmlda gi mxmrcbsm wbdd imlturm ldtmr eltbeo, uebdltmrld gvmrfml` prmssms. Ldtmrelt-

irga tfm pmrspmctbvm gi alelobeo orlvbty le` prgvb`beo rmimrmecm. Pfm igddgwbeo dbst bs tfm smqumecm gi prgormssbges igr irgetld pdlem, nbdlt -

beo uebdltmrld vmrtbcld le` pudd l tfgrlcbc irgetld pdlem pusf stbaudus, le` prgvb`m ldtmreltbeo uebdltmrld fgrbzgetld pusf le` pudd prgvb`m l tfgrlcbc trlesvmrsm pdlem stbaudus. Pfmsm irgetld pdlem vmrtbcld pusf `rbdds wbdd trlbe tfm `mdtgb`s le` trbcmps, nut, be l``btbge tg tflt, tfmy wbdd ldsg fmlvbdy rmcrubt irgetld pdlem ln`gabeld tbssums,

mrld stlecm, ag`mrltm dgl`,pusf ag`mrltm vmdgcbty, ag`mrltm `urltbge vmrtbcld mxmrcbsms;

3. Pldd hemmdbeo dle`abem prmss wbtf gii-fle` rmcbprgcltbeo

bttld smesgrbagtgr cgapmtmecy le` le baagnbdm stmreua, egw, egw, ygu cle cglcf tfm lras. Agst pmgpdm wbdd qubchdy ue`mrstle` tflt l nbo rmlcf wbtf tfm prmssbeo lra bs bapgrtlet igr iudd auscudlr rmcrubtamet, nut bt‒s agrm `bicudt tg lp prmcbltm tfm ybmd`beo lra. _fme cglcfbeo tfm ybmd`beo lra, B usulddy igcus ge tfm mdngw, le` flvm sunkmcts tfbeh lngut puttbeo bt betg wfmrm tfm irget pgchmt gi tfmbr plets wgud` nm.

. Becdbem `uannmdd ldtmreltbeo prmss

 

Zlom >6
6>

wgud` nm tg baprgvm tfm strmeotf le` auscudlr `mvmdgpamet gi vmrtbcld pusfbeo auscdms, le` irgetld pdlem tfgrlcbc auscdms. Pg lccgapdbsf tfbs gnkmctbvm, B cgud` `g prmssms irga ley lvlbdlndm stlecm. Pflt slb`, rltfmr tfle pbchbeo gem rle`gady, bt‒s wbsmr tg lsh gursmdvms wfbcf stlecm agst dme`s btsmdi tg fbttbeo tfmsm tlromts, ls wmdd ls wfbcf lddgws us tg dgl` le` `mvmdgp tfgsm tbssums. Igr ngtf gnkmctbvms, tfm nbdltmrld stlecm bs ay cfgbcm. Igddgwbeo tfbs liraltbge, B wgud` mstlndbsf wfmtfmr tfmrm lrm ley bestlecms be wfbcf wm wgud` wlet tg usm l `biimrmet stlecm igr tfbs plttmre le` pdlem. Pflt bs be`mm` tfm clsm igr cmrtlbe ltfdmtms, wfgsm spgrt rmqubrms tfma tg lssuam le ldtmreltm stlecm, alhbeo bt nmemcbld igr tfma tg nm strgeomr tfmrmbe. Bi sgamgem `gms egt t betg tflt plrtbcudlr `magorlpfbc, tfme B wgud` prgnlndy igrmog tfmsm `rbdds be fbs gr fmr trlbebeo. Pfbs bs l rmlda gi trlbelndm agvmamets tflt B cle pbcturm omttbeo pgpudlr lageo cglcfms wfg lrm `rlwe tg flr`-tg-`g, baprmssbvm-dgghbeo `rbdds. ]eigrtueltmdy, embtfmr quldbty cgestbtutms l plrtbcudlrdy ogg` rmlsge igr becdu` beo le lctbvbty be sgamgem‒s prgorla. Sunkmcts‒ ogld(s) sfgud` `bctltm gur mxmrcbsm smdmctbges ls tfmbr cglcfms. Bt‒s gur kgn tg smdmct gedy tfgsm lctbvbtbms tflt suppgrt agvmamet tgwlr`s tfmsm oglds, le` `bsclr` mvmrytfbeo mdsm. Gvmrfml` prmssbeo auscdms le` irgetld pdlem tfgrlcbc auscdm strmeotf le` fypmrtrgpfy lrm usmiud rmldas igr gvmrldd agvmamet le` auscudlr `mvmdgpamet, nm tflt igr lmstfmtbc gr ltfdmtbc lbas. L wrmstdmr wfg emm`s becrm`bndm irgetld pdlem tfgrlcbc strmeotf be l sfgt pgsbtbge aly nmemt trmame`gusdy irga tfmsm `rbdds. L ngwdmr aly ldsg nmemt trmame`gusdy irga tfmsm `rbdds. Agst gtfmr pmgpdm cle kust stbch tg

>. Spdbt-sqult dle`abem prmss w/gii fle` rmcbprgcltbeo

3. Fldi-hemmdbeo `gundm dle`abem ldtmreltbeo prmss 0. Spdbt-sqult ldtmreltbeo `gundm dle`abem prmss

=. Fldi-hemmdbeo ldtmreltbeo @N prmss 9. Spdbt-sqult ldtmreltbeo @N prmss Cglcfbeo Zgbets

  Zuttbeo l wldd nmfbe` tfm nlch iggt bs megragusdy fmdpiud igr tfmsm mxmrcbsms. Ls rmbtmrltm`, tfbs wbdd prgvb`m agrm slobttld rmimrmecm, le` wbdd typbclddy clusm tfm sunkmct tg usm agrm auscdm tg fgd` fba gr fmrsmdi be tfm pgsbtbge. Igr l dgt gi pmgpdm, tfbs gem l`kustamet cle `rl altbclddy baprgvm pmrigralecm be tfmsm `rbdds. Zgsbtbgebeo tfm nlch iggt ge tfm wldd le` prg vb`beo agrm rmimrmecm wbdd ldsg crmltm agrm —orgue`‑ tg pusf lolbest, le` flvbeo orgue` tg

tfm nbdltmrld stlecm `rbdds fmrm, le` omt ldd gi tfm nmemts tfmy emm`. ^mamanmr, wfme be `gunt, `bvb`m le` cgequmr. cgequmr. Pfm igddgwbeo dbst bs tfm

pusf lolbest bs l nbo `mld wbtf rmsbstlecm trlbe beo. Bi gem `b`e‒t flvm l nmecf igr `gbeo nmecf prmss, nut bestml` fl` tg `g sgam crlzy hemm

smqumecm gi irgetld pdlem, irget/nlch stlecm, ag`mrltm dgl`, ag`mrltm vmdgcbty, ag`mrltm `urltbge vmrtbcld pusf mxmrcbsms;

mxbge nme` le` try tg fgd` tfm ng`y be tflt pgsbtbge, fm gr sfm wgud`e‒t nm lndm tg pusf ley wmboft lrgue`. _btfgut l nlchrmst `urbeo tfm dmo gem wgud`e‒t nm lndm tg agvm aucf wmboft lt ldd. Ngtf tfm nmecf le` tfm nlchrmst lrm —orgue`‑ gi sgrts.

63

  Pfm tfbeo lngut orgue` bs tflt bt prgvb`ms bts gwe rmsbstlecm, wfbcf bs pmrflps tfm purmst igra gi rmimrmecm. Leytfbeo tflt bs pfysbclddy pusfbeo sgamgem bs, ny `mebtbge, prgvb`beo sgam igra gi rmsbstlecm. Pfm agrm tflt sgamtfbeo pusfms betg us, tfm agrm wm cle immd bt. —Orgue`‑ bs le baagvlndm surilcm tflt cgams betg cgetlct wbtf wfltmvmr plrts gi gem‒s ng`y lrm lolbest bt. Pfm agrm plrts gi gem‒s ng`y tflt lrm lolbest —orgue`‑, tfm agrm rmimrmecm fm gr sfm fls, le` ldsg tfm agrm rmsbstlecm tfmrm bs pusfbeo lolbest fba gr fmr. Be gr`mr igr l fuale tg crmltm l igrcmiud lctbge tflt rmsudts be `bspdlcmamet gi fbs gr fmr ng`y, le` ley l``m` dgl` tfmrge, be l obvme `brmctbge, le mquld le` gppgsbeo igrcm emm`s tg nm cgabeo irga tfm gppgsbtm `brmctbge. Pfm orgue` prgvb`ms wflt cgud` nm tfguoft gi ls le uedbabtm` sgurcm gi gppgsbeo igrcm. Pfm gppgsbeo igrcm

tmcfebqum tg wfmrm bt bs prlctbclddy bapmcclndm, ygu aly kust dmlre meguof tg nm l trum alstmr. Pflt nmbeo slb`, fgw aley gi tfm sunkmcts ygu cglcf le` pmrsgelddy trlbe lrm ogbeo tg wlet tg tfmasmdvms alstmr tfbs plttmre tfrguof ygur tmlcfbeos7 Zrgnlndy sdba tg egem.

gi tfm orgue` lddgws us tg agvm be tfm gppg sbtm `brmctbge gi bt. _btfgut tfm orgue`, gem aboft ls wmdd nm trybeo tg dbit wmbofts be gutmr splcm. Zrgvb`beo sunkmcts wbtf tfm gppgrtuebty tg prg`ucm tfm fbofmst pgssbndm igrcms tfmy cle amles prgvb`beo tfma wbtf lapdm orgue`. Ny cgetrlst, —orgue`dmss‑ mxmrcbsms tflt olbe aley dbhms ge Bestlorla lrm l cdgwe sfgw tflt sfgud` nm lvgb`m` lt ldd cgsts.

wge‒t omt aucf be rmture irga fmlvy nlddbstbc gvmrfml`, nut cgud` pgtmetblddy suiimr prgndmas rmsudtbeo irga mxcmssbvm vgduam be tfbs plttmre.

@gabelet Zgsbtbge le` Ibtemss ^mldas;

cdbem prmss igr tfm metbrmty gi tfmbr vmrtbcld pusf trlbebeo dbim.

       

@gabelet @gabelet @gabelet @gabelet

Stlecm; Nbdltmrld Zdlem; Slobttld Dgl`; Fmlvy Ymdgcbty; Ilst

Pfm fmlvy nlddbstbc gvmrfml` lctbge bs wflt B nmdbmvm tg nm tfm purmst, fbofmst mxprmssbge gi tfbs

Igr trlbebeo gtfmrs, B l`vbsm stlybeo ge tfm sflddgw me` gi tfmsm prgormssbges. Pg og `mmpmr betg tfbs rmlda, sunkmcts flvm tg nm obitm` irga l agvmamet pmrspmctbvm, mxtrmamdy lttmetbvm le` cglcflndm, le` wbddbeo le` lndm tg alelom tfmbr dbimstydm, eutrbtbge, le` rmcgvmry mdmamets lt l fbof dmvmd. Be gtfmr wgr`s, tfmy‒rm ogbeo tg nm prmtty rlrm. Zdly bt slim wbtf mvmrygem mdsm wbtfbe tfbs plttmre. Aley `b`e‒t wbe tfm omemtbc dgttmry be tmras gi fgw wmdd tfmbr ngems dbem up, le` aley agrm pdlcm mxmrcbsm tmcfebqum vmry dgw ge tfmbr dbst gi prbgrbtbms. L dgt gi pmgpdm

Sg, rmclppbeo, B nmdbmvm fmlvy nlddbstbc gvmr fml` mxmrcbsms lrm ormlt… nut gedy igr tfgsm wfg emm` tfma, le` igr tfgsm wfg lrm rml`y igr tfma. B ldsg nmdbmvm tflt salrt pmgpdm fm`om tfmbr nmts, le` tflt tfbs plttmre bs gem wfmrm B wgud` og tflt rgutm, prgnlndy agrm tfle ley gtfmr. Be gtfmr wgr`s, tfmrm‒s egtfbeo wrgeo wbtf hmmpbeo sgamgem ge l `uannmdd be-

plttmre. Nm tflt ls bt aly, aly, tfm pmrcmetlom gi igdhs wfg cle rmlddy fle`dm bt bs qumstbgelndm. Bi ygu wlet tg nm l cglcf, le`, dbhm am, dbhm tg smm fgw ilr ygu cle pmrsgelddy pusf tfm mevmdgpm, tfbs plttmre aly wmdd nm igr ygu. Bi ygu‒rm betmet ge tlhbeo fmlvy nlddbstbc gvmrfml` dbitbeo rmlddy ilr, ygu‒dd dbhmdy e` ygursmdi be irmqumet plbe, dbhm am, tfrguofgut tfm prgcmss. Nut, bi ygu cle ourm gut fgw tg x ygursmdi, `msboe prg orlas tflt abtboltm plbe pgbets, le` wgrh ygur

 

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 Ymrtbcld Zudd  

Zlom >6=

Ymrtbcld Zudd  Cflptmr