500 Common Chinese Proverbs and Colloquial Expressions: An annotated frequency dictionary / 俗语五百条 [Book] [1 ed.] 9780415501484, 9780415501491, 9781315884585

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500 Common Chinese Proverbs and Colloquial Expressions 500 Common Chinese Proverbs and Colloquial Expressions is a dictionary of key Chinese proverbs or suyu. Suyu are vivid and colorful expressions widely used in the Chinese language. The smooth use of chengyu in Chinese writing and of suyu in spoken Chinese not only makes communication more effective, it is also an indicator of mastery of the language. This dictionary will provide an ideal resource for all intermediate to advanced learners of Chinese. Concise and practical, it draws upon a large corpus of authentic language data to present 500 of the most commonly used Chinese suyu. The suyu are listed and organized according to their frequency, enabling easy and convenient access for the reader. Each proverb listing: • is given in both simplified and traditional characters • offers an English translation, followed by English equivalents • is followed by two examples, written in Chinese, Pinyin and English, plus explanations and usage notes. Examples are given in the form of dialogues reflecting typical situations, and helpful cultural annotations are provided throughout. A Pinyin index, a stroke index and a Chinese word index are presented at the back of the book and accompanying audio is also available for free download at www.routledge.com/9780415501491. Recorded by native speakers and covering the whole range of proverbs, expressions and example sentences featured in the book, this invaluable resource will help students to build up strong comprehension and communication skills. This dictionary is suitable both for classroom use and independent study and will be of keen interest to students and teachers of Chinese alike. Liwei Jiao is Lecturer in Chinese at the University of Pennsylvania, USA. His publications include 500 Common Chinese Idioms: An Annotated Frequency Dictionary (co-authored with Cornelius C. Kubler and Weiguo Zhang, Routledge 2011) and The Routledge Advanced Chinese Multimedia Course: Crossing Cultural Boundaries (co-authored with Kunshan Carolyn Lee, Hsin-hsin Liang and Julian K. Wheatley, Routledge 2009). Benjamin M. Stone is a graduate student at the University of Pennsylvania, USA. He possesses extensive experience in translating and interpreting Mandarin Chinese in a wide variety of professional contexts.

“The 500 proverbs and colloquial expressions collected in this book provide a precious window on Chinese culture, as well as an invaluable aid to learning the language. The book is an immensely useful reference toward understanding the Chinese mind, for both the learner and the teacher.” W.S.-Y. Wang, Professor Emeritus, University of California at Berkeley; Academician of Academia Sinica; Editor of the Journal of Chinese Linguistics “This is an extraordinary dictionary with a creative and effective glossary that includes stylistic-register usages and historical resources. It is composed, for the first time, by first rate experts in the field. This dictionary will serve not only for Chinese learners and teachers, but also professionals who are interested in Chinese proverbs.” Professor Shengli Feng, The Chinese University of Hong Kong “This book is a valuable resource I would recommend to any serious learners of Mandarin Chinese at intermediate level or above. It is essentially two books in one: with a Pinyin index, a stroke index, and a word index, this is an easy-to-use reference dictionary, while with two typical authentic examples for each of the 500 suyu items in the dictionary arranged according to their frequency of use, including their Pinyin glosses, literal translations, functional translations as well as usage guides and cultural notes, the book provides an excellent reader suitable for independent study.” Dr Richard Xiao, Director of Lancaster University Confucius Institute “With copious examples and annotations, this collection of colourful expressions is bound to be an enriching addition to any learner’s library.” Professor Zheng-sheng Zhang, Editor of the Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association ( JCLTA)

500 Common Chinese Proverbs and Colloquial Expressions An annotated frequency dictionary Liwei Jiao and Benjamin M. Stone

First published 2014 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2014 Liwei Jiao and Benjamin M. Stone The right of Liwei Jiao and Benjamin M. Stone to be identified as authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Jiao, Liwei. 500 common Chinese proverbs and colloquial expressions : an annotated frequency dictionary / Liwei Jiao, Benjamin M. Stone. pages cm Includes index. 1.  Proverbs, Chinese.  2.  Chinese language--Terms and phrases.  3.  Chinese language--Dictionaries–English.  I.  Stone, Benjamin M., author.  II.  Title.  III.  Title: Five hundred common Chinese proverbs and colloquial expressions. PN6519.C5J54 2014 398.9′951--dc23 2013015161 ISBN: 978-0-415-50148-4 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-415-50149-1 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-315-88458-5 (ebk) Typeset in GraphSwift Light by Graphicraft Limited, Hong Kong

To my students in Section 8, Class of 1998 at International College of Chinese Language and Culture, Renmin University of China. —Liwei Jiao

To my family. —Benjamin Stone

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Contents Introduction viii Characteristics of Chinese suyu viii Why suyu are important to learners of Chinese ix Special characteristics of this dictionary x How the entries of this dictionary were determined xi Background of the compilation of this dictionary and acknowledgments xii List of abbreviations and grammatical terms in character-by-character translation xiv List of entries Structure of entries 500 common Chinese proverbs and colloquial expressions

xv xxi 1

Appendix one: Pinyin index of 500 common Chinese proverbs and colloquial expressions

387

Appendix two: stroke index of 500 common Chinese proverbs and colloquial expressions

395

Appendix three: Chinese word index of 500 common Chinese proverbs and colloquial expressions

401

Introduction 500 Common Chinese Proverbs and Colloquial Expressions: An Annotated Frequency Dictionary is a dictionary of common Chinese proverbs and colloquial expressions known as suyu. Suyu are an important constituent part of the Chinese language, which Chinese language learners must not neglect. This dictionary, which lists and organizes suyu according to their frequency – as determined by a sociolinguistic survey of more than 900 Chinese university students – is designed primarily for Chinese learners at the intermediate level or above whose first language is English, as well as teachers of Chinese as a second/foreign language. Besides being used as a reference work, this dictionary is also suitable for classroom use and independent study.

Characteristics of Chinese suyu The definition of suyu in Chinese is relatively broad and does not completely coincide with the definition of the English word ‘proverb.’ What this book catalogues are Chinese proverbs and colloquial expressions, to be referred to hereafter as suyu. This book’s definition of suyu is as follows: they are phrases or sentences that are widely employed by the general population in colloquial discourse, whose actual meanings are more than the sum of their parts, are mainly employed in expressing ridicule or criticism, and whose structure is relatively fixed. Some examples of suyu would be 吃豆腐, whose literal meaning ‘to eat tofu’ comes to mean ‘to take advantage of a woman;’ 皇上不急太监急 which, while literally meaning ‘the emperor is rested and at ease while the eunuch is excessively concerned,’ is used to describe a situation in which the person involved is calm and collected, but observers are very anxious. Specifically speaking, suyu should have the following characteristics: 1) Suyu are evocative and ingenious. In most circumstances, they are the best, most articulate form of expression for a given situation. For example, if one wishes to articulate how someone has overstepped their bounds, both 得寸 进尺 (given-inch-advance-foot) and 得陇望蜀 (get-a tip of Southwestern Chinahope-the whole Southwestern China) are acceptable, although the latter is possibly too literal. However, neither expression has a humorous connotation. In contrast, the suyu 蹬鼻子上脸 (climb-nose-mount-face) is both humorous in meaning and widely used in informal conversations. Similarly, 天上掉馅饼 (sky-upon-fall-stuffed-pancake) is the most apt translation of ‘to have something fall into one’s lap,’ while 躲得过初一，躲不过十五 vividly invokes the idea that ‘you cannot avoid something forever,’ by making the analogy that you can avoid 初一, the first day of a lunar month with a new moon, but you cannot avoid its counterpart, 十五, the fifteenth day of a lunar month.



Introduction ix

2) Suyu are used by the general population. However, this characteristic does not preclude the use of suyu by political leaders or public figures in some situations. It is general knowledge that Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping liked using suyu, with some of their most famous suyu including, among others: 纸老虎 (paper tigers), 墙头草 (fence-sitters), 东方不亮西方亮 (while something is not workable in one place, it might be workable somewhere else), 摸着石头过河 (to cross the river by touching stones), and 不管白猫黑猫，能捉老鼠就是好猫 (it does not matter whether a cat is black or white so long as it catches mice). 3) Suyu are mainly colloquial. However, this does not preclude one from using suyu on formal occasions or in writing in order to elicit a special reaction from the audience. Also, based on our observations, the rapid proliferation of the internet has led internet users to begin using more suyu in their pursuit of fresh, pithy expressions, therein indirectly influencing the vernacular of the media. 4) The actual meanings of suyu come not from a literal, character-by-character translation, but rather from the proverb’s analogical or synecdochic meaning. For example, consider the sentence 他不是省油的灯. The portion of the proverb, 不是省油的灯 does not actually mean ‘a non kerosene-saving lamp,’ but rather, ‘a real piece of work.’ 5) Suyu mainly express derogatory or critical sentiments. Take, for example, 占着茅坑不拉屎 (to be a dog in the manger), or 临时抱佛脚 (fair weather atheists turn to god in a pinch). About half of the entries in this dictionary carry either a strongly or slightly derogatory connotation, and the most common word in the 500 entries is 不, which appears 119 times in total. However, there are also many neutral suyu, such as 一个萝卜一个坑 (each has his own task and there is nobody to spare). 6) The structures of suyu are relatively fixed. For example, while one can say 一个萝卜一个坑, meaning, literally, ‘one radish, one hole,’ the proverb does not maintain its implied meaning of ‘each has his own task and there is nobody to spare’ if the structure is changed. We cannot say ‘two radishes, two holes.’ Neither can we say ‘one sweet potato, one hole.’ However, the structures of a number of suyu, mainly those embodied in short phrases, can be slightly adjusted. In some instances, it is fine to insert a few components. For example, 吃豆腐, meaning, literally, ‘to eat tofu,’ actually means ‘to come on to,’ or ‘to take advantage of.’ However, one can say 吃她的豆腐, or 吃小姑娘的豆腐, to yield the phrases, ‘take advantage of her,’ or ‘come on to a young woman.’ 7) The constituent parts of suyu are mostly objects or activities which are closely associated with the daily life of the general population. The most common words in the entries included in this dictionary include 人 (people), 吃 (to eat), 打 (to hit, to beat and many other meanings), 水 (water), 马 (horse), 眼 (eye), 狗 (dog), 虎 (tiger), 鸡 (chicken), 风 (wind), 山 (mountain), 脚 (foot), and 刀 (knife).

Why suyu are important to learners of Chinese Suyu are vivid and colorful expressions that are widely and liberally used by Chinese people. Those people who use suyu often and well in everyday life project a cultural sophistication, expressive ability, sense of humor, and bonhomie, which facilitates

x Introduction their acceptance by others and makes them the center of attention. Using suyu in certain special situations can work wonders. For decades, countless politicians and economists argued over a still-socialist China’s adoption of a capitalist path and were unable to resolve certain resulting theoretical questions. However, with one suyu, 不管黑猫白猫，能捉老鼠就是好猫 (it does not matter whether a cat is black or white so long as it catches mice), Deng Xiaoping promptly settled the dispute. Examples like this cause people to admire the importance of suyu. They are a shortcut to establishing a rapport with Chinese people. It is generally difficult for non-immersion learners of Chinese to come into contact with genuine suyu. Even if these learners should happen to encounter a Chinese person, the language environment outside of China, and considerations of practicality, discourage the Chinese from using suyu in communicating with Chinese language learners. Moreover, due to the duality of suyu, it is not easy for learners of Chinese to quickly guess their implied meaning. They sometimes even develop mistaken – and potentially embarrassing – understandings of suyu. Recall, for example, the suyu 吃豆腐. The component words, 吃 (eat) and 豆腐 (tofu) are both quite simple, however, when put together, their meaning changes significantly, as shown earlier.

Special characteristics of this dictionary We hope this dictionary will come to be an indispensable aid to many Chinese language learners and teachers. As such, we have included a number of distinguishing features, which are as follows: 1) This dictionary has identified, and lists the 500 most common Chinese suyu according to their frequency of use. In this manner, learners of Chinese can be sure about which suyu are important and should be learned first. Knowledge of these 500 suyu will be sufficient for use in daily life or work situations, when conducting business, or even when writing. 2) This dictionary contains accurate English translations and annotations. For example, the suyu 会哭的孩子有奶吃, when translated literally, means ‘if a baby is good at pretending to cry, it will be rewarded with its mother’s milk.’ However, given the context of its usage and the functional meaning of the phrase (the squeaky wheel gets the grease), this dictionary has more logically and correctly translated 奶 (milk) as 母乳 (breast milk). Additionally, English translations of Chinese example dialogues were structured, where possible, to adhere closely to the syntactical organization of the Chinese, in order to make it easy for students to learn the characters for words and phrases they are unfamiliar with. 3) This dictionary is concise, practical, and convenient for educational purposes. The entry for each suyu includes: the suyu itself (in simplified and traditional Chinese characters), Pinyin romanization, a character-by-character translation in English, implied meaning in English, functional translation in English (for most entries), two suitable examples (in Chinese, Pinyin, and English), usage, variants (if any), and notes. Most examples take the form of dialogues reflecting commonly encountered situations.



Introduction xi

4) Because it is very difficult for non-native learners of Chinese to grasp the degree of sarcasm or abrasiveness associated with a given suyu, this dictionary separates the tone of suyu into four categories in the annotations: humorous, neutral, slightly derogatory, and derogatory. As such, when employing suyu, users of this dictionary will not make egregious and potentially embarrassing errors in usage. For example, when recommending that some leader retire, one would not use a strongly derogatory suyu such as 占着茅坑不拉屎 (to be like a dog in the manger). The chart depicted below is included for all entries except the 21 which have complimentary connotations. humorous neutral slightly derogatory derogatory

5) This dictionary contains necessary cultural annotations. For each entry, we have made a judgment as to whether or not there is a serious gap in relevant cultural understanding between native English and Chinese speakers. In cases where we deemed it necessary, cultural gaps are addressed and further explained. For example, while the practice of foot binding may be one that native English speakers are familiar with, the deeper social and cultural connotations of this custom provide the meaning of the suyu 露马脚 and, as such, the tradition is explained in that entry’s cultural note. 6) This dictionary also includes a large number of relevant Chinese idioms (chengyu) to contrast or complement the suyu and make the language even more vivid. For example, the Chinese idiom 视而不见 (to turn a blind eye to) appears in the example sentence for 睁着眼睛说瞎话 (to tell bald-faced lies). As should be clear from the analysis above, 500 Common Chinese Proverbs and Colloquial Expressions should satisfy the educational needs of Chinese language learners at the intermediate level or higher, enabling them to gain a grasp of the most common suyu in the Chinese language one by one. Alternatively, we hope this dictionary will provide significant assistance to Chinese language instructors who, when preparing for class or explaining suyu to their students, may select those suyu which are most likely to be encountered, and refer to the usage notes and example sentences in this dictionary.

How the entries of this dictionary were determined As there was no existing corpus of suyu organized by frequency prior to the inception of this volume, the writing of this dictionary necessitated the com­ pilation of a frequency ordered corpus of suyu using sociolinguistic methods. In order to compile this list, 902 Chinese university students from different regions of China were surveyed to gauge their familiarity with hundreds of different Chinese suyu. For each suyu, participants were asked to choose among the following options: A) I have never heard this suyu before. B) I occasionally hear others (not counting my family, relatives, friends, classmates, colleagues, or instructors) use this suyu colloquially.

xii Introduction C) I have heard this suyu used colloquially by someone close to me (including my family, relatives, friends, classmates, colleagues or instructors). D) I believe I can use this suyu appropriately. E) I have used this suyu either in written or spoken form. At the end of the survey, each participant was asked to list the ten suyu that he or she used most often, even if they were not featured on the survey list. While, on the face of it, it may seem that we have surveyed only a small number of individual university students, our survey methodology is workable because what we were really surveying were the groups to which these students belong. As each survey participant is a member of a larger social or cultural group – be it a family, an affinity group, or a cultural movement – each participant’s responses indirectly reflect the influence and general linguistic tendencies of the groups to which they belong as well as the groups to which their acquaintances belong. This trickle-down diversity makes up for what would otherwise be an excessively homogeneous survey group. This survey was conducted primarily in June of 2012, whereas compilation and selection of possible entries started as early as 2007. One of the authors, Liwei Jiao, was present when most of the surveys were being conducted. The authors wish to sincerely thank all of the following Chinese faculty and their students for their participation in this survey: Professor Bo Zhang and his students at Nankai University, Professor Lei Liang, Professor Qibin Ran, Professor Jia Guo and Ms. Minyuan Wang and their students and classmates at Nankai University, Professor Xiujuan Shi and her students at Tianjin Normal University, Dr. Shitie Yang, Dr. Yujian Xiang, and Ms. Yanli Liu and their students at Huaibei Normal University, Professor Lijian Liu and his students at Zhejiang Normal University, Ms. Yuhui Shi and her students at Xuzhou Normal University, Dr. Qiaoling Cao and her students at China Criminal Police University, Mr. Xiaoning Han and his students at Qingdao University, Professor Yingzhi Na and his students at Qingdao Technical College, Professor Lintao Zhao and his students at Hebei University, Dr. Xiaohua Xu and her students at Capital University of Economics and Business.

Background of the compilation of this dictionary and acknowledgments This dictionary is the sister volume to 500 Common Chinese Idioms, and both books were jointly conceived in 2007. The research for this volume proceeded gradually from 2007 until the completion of 500 Common Chinese Idioms in 2010. In the fall of 2010, Benjamin Stone joined this project, and we have worked together towards the completion of this book since then. The authors wish to express here their appreciation to the following people for their assistance in the compilation of this dictionary: Professor Shuiguang Deng of Zhejiang University, Professor Zepeng Wang of Nankai University, Professor



Introduction xiii

Hsin-hsin Liang of University of Virginia, Ms. Xuefei Hao of Washington University in St. Louis, Mr. William Xuefeng Wang, Mr. Jinsong Fan, and Mr. Lizhong Jiao. Special thanks go to Professor William Labov of University of Pennsylvania for his advice on how to conduct the survey of entries. The authors also would like to thank their editors at Routledge, Ms. Andrea Hartill, Ms. Samantha Vale Noya, Ms. Isabelle Cheng, Ms. Sarah May and Ms. Jill Campbell for their support of this project. Finally, the authors would be remiss not to also thank our families for their crucial support, without which this dictionary would surely never have seen the light of day. Liwei Jiao Benjamin Stone

List of abbreviations and grammatical terms in character-by-character translation ’s: possessive ed: past tense ing: present progressive tense MW: measure word

List of entries 1 好马不吃回头草 2 小菜一碟 3 太阳从西边出来 4 说曹操，曹操到 5 乌鸦嘴 6 二百五 7 吃一堑，长一智 8 睁着眼睛说瞎话 9 近朱者赤，近墨者黑 10 物以稀为贵 11 王婆卖瓜，自卖自夸 12 站着说话不腰疼 13 天下没有不散的筵席 14 天上掉馅饼 15 己所不欲，勿施于人 16 睁眼瞎 17 跳进黄河洗不清 18 拍马屁 19 情人眼里出西施 20 打酱油 21 不怕一万，就怕万一 22 走着瞧 23 不管三七二十一 24 吃着碗里的，看着锅里的 25 钻牛角尖 26 人不可貌相，海水不可斗量 27 林子大了，什么鸟都有 28 鸡毛蒜皮 29 鲜花插在牛粪上 30 醉翁之意不在酒 31 猴年马月 32 眼不见为净 33 姜是老的辣 34 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧 35 拿得起，放得下 36 以其人之道还治其人之身 37 走桃花运 38 成事不足，败事有余 39 皇上不急太监急

40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78

三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮 脚踩两只船 此地无银三百两 吃不到葡萄就说葡萄酸 心急吃不了热豆腐 家常便饭 癞蛤蟆想吃天鹅肉 天无绝人之路 走后门 瞎猫碰上死耗子 好汉不吃眼前亏 解铃还须系铃人 肥水不流外人田 心有余而力不足 不分青红皂白 睁一只眼，闭一只眼 破罐子破摔 种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆 萝卜白菜，各有所爱 狗嘴里吐不出象牙 三天打鱼，两天晒网 一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳 英雄难过美人关 刀子嘴，豆腐心 一失足成千古恨 哪壶不开提哪壶 炒鱿鱼 人往高处走，水往低处流 说得比唱得好听 强扭的瓜不甜 老掉牙 搬起石头砸自己的脚 卖关子 一分钱一分货 九牛二虎之力 敬酒不吃吃罚酒 躲得过初一，躲不过十五 吃香的，喝辣的 小儿科

xvi  List of entries 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125

一个巴掌拍不响 牛头不对马嘴 以小人之心，度君子之腹 车到山前必有路 鸡蛋里挑骨头 吃不了兜着走 打肿脸充胖子 三十六计走为上 当耳旁风 恨铁不成钢 你走你的阳关道，我过我的独木桥 过了这个村，就没这个店 抱佛脚 有钱能使鬼推磨 有其父必有其子 不见棺材不落泪 三长两短 纸包不住火 好戏在后头 吹牛皮 欲速则不达 家家有本难念的经 墙头草 替罪羊 近水楼台先得月 小巫见大巫 过河拆桥 一不做，二不休 以牙还牙，以眼还眼 跑了和尚跑不了庙 绿帽子 识时务者为俊杰 井水不犯河水 一棵树上吊死 放鸽子 一步一个脚印 上梁不正下梁歪 不入虎穴，焉得虎子 赔了夫人又折兵 有心栽花花不长，无心插柳柳成荫 八字还没一撇 有眼不识泰山 出气筒 八九不离十 无风不起浪 得便宜卖乖 不是省油的灯

126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172

家丑不可外扬 背黑锅 兔子不吃窝边草 铁饭碗 冰冻三尺，非一日之寒 远亲不如近邻 下马威 天下乌鸦一般黑 不到黄河心不死 狗急了跳墙 狗眼看人低 只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯 偷鸡摸狗 死马当活马医 新官上任三把火 对号入座 十万八千里 露马脚 公说公有理，婆说婆有理 上刀山，下火海 打退堂鼓 磨刀不误砍柴工 风马牛不相及 一山不容二虎 眼里揉不得沙子 三下五除二 泼冷水 杀鸡给猴看 生米做成熟饭 初生牛犊不怕虎 铁公鸡 无事不登三宝殿 马后炮 掉链子 纸老虎 狐狸精 丑话说在前头 半路杀出个程咬金 麻雀虽小，五脏俱全 虎毒不食子 小不忍则乱大谋 打狗还得看主人 万事俱备，只欠东风 不管黑猫白猫，会捉老鼠就是好猫 真金不怕火炼 狗改不了吃屎 杀手锏

173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219

List of entries  xvii 饥不择食 对事不对人 皮笑肉不笑 双刃剑 热脸贴冷屁股 好了伤疤忘了疼 醋坛子 君子之交淡如水 三个和尚没水吃 赶鸭子上架 小白脸 放长线，钓大鱼 依葫芦画瓢 隔墙有耳 巧妇难为无米之炊 不是吃素的 嫁鸡随鸡，嫁狗随狗 打开天窗说亮话 人算不如天算 小动作 远水解不了近渴 占着茅坑不拉屎 碰一鼻子灰 死猪不怕开水烫 换汤不换药 救命稻草 明枪易躲，暗箭难防 谋事在人，成事在天 三个女人一台戏 有鼻子有眼 枪打出头鸟 碰钉子 蹬鼻子上脸 吃豆腐 眉毛胡子一把抓 偷鸡不成反蚀把米 众人拾柴火焰高 快刀斩乱麻 吃软饭 一着不慎，满盘皆输 听风就是雨 鸿门宴 吃哑巴亏 眼中钉、肉中刺 舍不得孩子套不住狼 挂羊头、卖狗肉 煮熟的鸭子飞了

220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266

常在河边走，哪有不湿鞋 三脚猫 吃闭门羹 三十年河东，三十年河西 土包子 树大招风 酒逢知己千杯少 当一天和尚撞一天钟 是骡子是马拉出来遛遛 一个鼻孔出气 身在曹营心在汉 瘦死的骆驼比马大 树欲静而风不止 丑媳妇早晚也得见公婆 胜者王侯败者贼 下三烂 上了贼船 病急乱投医 打如意算盘 龙生龙，凤生凤 不看僧面看佛面 雷声大、雨点小 脸红脖子粗 一棍子打死 拿鸡蛋碰石头 没有不透风的墙 人怕出名猪怕壮 山中无老虎，猴子称大王 杀鸡焉用宰牛刀 大树底下好乘凉 跑龙套 七大姑，八大姨 一是一，二是二 多个朋友多条路 下台阶 打小算盘 坐山观虎斗 羊毛出在羊身上 一口吃成个胖子 屋漏偏逢连阴雨 老油条 捅马蜂窝 小意思 倒打一耙 陈芝麻、烂谷子 一条龙 四两拨千斤

xviii  List of entries 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313

前怕狼，后怕虎 吃水不忘挖井人 有仇不报非君子 不倒翁 干打雷，不下雨 鸡飞狗跳 事后诸葛亮 落水狗 板上钉钉 一碗水端平 烫手的山芋 笑掉大牙 一回生，二回熟 鱼与熊掌不可得兼 咸鱼翻身 一根绳上的蚂蚱 趟浑水 狗腿子 用在刀刃上 鸡飞蛋打 胳膊扭不过大腿 饱汉不知饿汉饥 笑面虎 二 给力 母老虎 五十步笑百步 门外汉 前人栽树，后人乘凉 烂泥扶不上墙 关公面前耍大刀 高不成，低不就 胳膊肘往外扭 长痛不如短痛 酒香不怕巷子深 一条路走到黑 不是鱼死，就是网破 冰山一角 身体是革命的本钱 说风凉话 紧箍咒 唱双簧 开空白支票 保护伞 一个萝卜一个坑 狗咬狗 唱高调

314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360

打水漂 开小差 两面派 一盘散沙 和稀泥 敲竹杠 扯后腿 穿小鞋 给他一点颜色看看 天高皇帝远 拣软柿子捏 打马虎眼 千里马 打擦边球 摸着石头过河 半路出家 老狐狸 一窝蜂 开夜车 手心手背都是肉 缩头乌龟 走过场 做文章 吃大锅饭 戴高帽 秋后算账 僧多粥少 坐冷板凳 不当家不知柴米贵 红眼病 葫芦里卖的是什么药 三句话不离本行 糖衣炮弹 树倒猢狲散 硬骨头 二虎相争，必有一伤 拆东墙，补西墙 大鱼吃小鱼 狐狸尾巴露出来了 开绿灯 歪瓜裂枣 小辫子 一头雾水 隔行如隔山 一亩三分地 成也萧何，败也萧何 大水冲了龙王庙

361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407

List of entries  xix 乱弹琴 挤牙膏 墙倒众人推 莫须有 拿鸡毛当令箭 捅破窗户纸 三字经 苍蝇不叮无缝的蛋 大跌眼镜 说一千，道一万 绊脚石 过五关、斩六将 求爷爷、告奶奶 羡慕嫉妒恨 打掉门牙往肚里咽 唱对台戏 分一杯羹 变色龙 独木不成林 既生瑜，何生亮？ 撂挑子 敲门砖 试金石 火烧眉毛 空手套白狼 一瓶子不满，半瓶子晃荡 脱了裤子放屁 借东风 白开水 鲤鱼跳龙门 强龙压不住地头蛇 这山望着那山高 光脚的不怕穿鞋的 不成功，便成仁 滚刀肉 久病成良医 枕边风 一锤子买卖 横挑鼻子竖挑眼 唱空城计 一刀切 旧瓶装新酒 两面三刀 一把钥匙开一把锁 打一巴掌，给个甜枣 先君子后小人 尺有所短，寸有所长

408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454

出来混的，总要还的 画虎不成反类犬 大意失荆州 卸磨杀驴 躺着都中枪 脚正不怕鞋歪 有奶就是娘 肉烂在锅里 说你胖你就喘 擦屁股 皇帝女儿不愁嫁 一朝天子一朝臣 活人让尿憋死 走马灯 花无百日红 东风压倒西风 岁月是把杀猪刀 丁是丁，卯是卯 多年的媳妇熬成婆 强将手下无弱兵 头痛医头，脚痛医脚 拉不出屎来怨茅房 东方不亮西方亮 老牛拉破车 放卫星 鸡同鸭讲 一锅端 老皇历 家花没有野花香 又想当婊子又想立牌坊 遮羞布 耍花枪 又要马儿跑，又要马儿不吃草 牛不喝水强按头 摆乌龙 各打五十大板 一个将军一个令 抱大腿 砸了锅 会哭的孩子有奶吃 二一添作五 风一阵，雨一阵 剃头挑子一头热 远来的和尚会念经 揪辫子 小姐的身子丫鬟的命 只见树木，不见森林

xx  List of entries 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477

屁股决定脑袋 兔子尾巴长不了 骑马找马 敲锣边儿 扣帽子 拔出萝卜带出泥 满嘴跑火车 温水煮青蛙 万金油 树挪死，人挪活 按下葫芦起了瓢 到什么山唱什么歌 拔根汗毛比腰粗 阎王好见，小鬼难搪 不见兔子不撒鹰 当面锣，对面鼓 眼大肚子小 浅水养不了大鱼 吃别人嚼过的馍不香 起大早，赶晚集 打不着狐狸惹身骚 多面手 鸟枪换炮

478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500

矬子里拔将军 给个棒槌就当针 捧臭脚 咬人的狗不露齿 炒冷饭 一只羊是赶，一群羊也是放 虱子多了不咬，账多了不愁 攒鸡毛，凑掸子 骑脖子拉屎 指着和尚骂秃子 蚂蚱也是肉 背着抱着一般沉 一言堂 乱拳打死老师傅 端起碗来吃肉，放下筷子骂娘 出头的椽子先烂 一马勺坏一锅 终日打雁，让雁啄了眼 老鸹嫌猪黑 别人牵驴你拔橛 仔卖爷田不心疼 萝卜快了不洗泥 接地气

Structure of entries sequential number of the entry, based on frequency entry in simplified Chinese characters character-bycharacter translation of the entry implied meaning of the entry functional translation of the entry

example in simplified Chinese, Pinyin and English

entry highlighted in bold within example

grammatical function(s) of the entry variant(s) of the entry tone of the entry phrase in use cultural annotation of the entry provided where necessary

entry in traditional Chinese characters

143.

entry in Pinyin romanization

露马脚 (露馬腳)  lòu mf jifo

Translated character by character, 露马脚 means ‘expose-horse-foot,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to accidentally reveal information about one’s wrongdoing.’ Its functional translation is ‘to let the cat out of the bag.’ Example 1: A: 这个坏蛋太狡猾了，让人抓不到他的一点把柄。 B: 别着急，即使他再狡猾，总有一天也会露出马脚的。 A: Zhègè huàidàn tài jifohuá le, ràng rén zhuabúdào ta de yì difn bfbhng. B: Bié zháojí, jíshh ta zài jifohuá, zingyiuyìtian yg huì lòu che mfjifo de. A: This scoundrel’s too cunning. He makes it hard to get a handle on him. B: Don’t worry. No matter how cunning he is, there will be a day when he’ll let the cat out of the bag. Example 2: A: 你怎么知道他在撒谎？ B: 他前面说的谎话还能自圆其说，可是后来说那天路很黑，没有月亮，

所以他迷路了。这句话露了马脚，因为那天晚上的月亮又大又圆。 A: Nh zgnme zhcdao ta zài sahufng? B: Ta qiánmiàn shud de hufnghuà hái néng zìyuán-qíshud, kgshì hòulái shud nà tian lù hgn hbi, méi yiu yuèliang, suiyh ta mílù le. Zhè jù huà lòule mfjifo, ycnwèi nà tian wfnshang de yuèliang yòu dà yòu yuán. A: How did you know he was lying? B: He could explain away the first lie he told but, after that, he said that since the road was dark and there was no moonlight, he got lost. With that sentence, he let the cat out of the bag, because there was a full moon that night. Usage: Functions as predicate. Variant: 露出马脚 Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning. Folk legend holds that the wife of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, had large feet and the surname Ma. At a time when female children in wealthy families would have their feet bound, this fact revealed that she had come from a poor family. This is how the proverb 露马脚 was born.

tone of the entry indicated by position of shading in chart (from left to right): humorous, neutral, slightly derogatory, derogatory

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500 common Chinese proverbs and colloquial expressions

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Entries 1 – 2: 好马不吃回头草 and 小菜一碟 3 1.  好马不吃回头草 (好馬不吃回頭草)  hfo mf bù chc huí tóu cfo

Translated character by character, 好马不吃回头草 means ‘good-horse-not-eat-turnaround-grass,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘a good man doesn’t backtrack.’ Example 1:

我已经决定要离开现在的公司了，可是公司又提出给我加薪。你看 我应该走还是留？ B: 好马不吃回头草。你还是走吧。 A:

A: Wi yhjcng juédìng yào líkai xiànzài de gdngsc le, kgshì gdngsc yòu tíche ggi wi jiaxcn. Nh kàn wi ycnggai ziu háishì liú? B: Hfo mf bù chc huítóu cfo. Nh háishì ziu ba. A: I already decided that I was going to leave the company I’m at now, but they’re discussing giving me a raise. What do you think, should I leave or should I stay? B: A good man doesn’t backtrack. You should still leave. Example 2: A: B:

听说他们想复婚呢。 好马不吃回头草，那已经是过去的一页了。

A: Tcngshud tamen xifng fùhen ne. B: Hfo mf bù chc huítóu cfo, nà yhjcng shì guòqù de yí yè le. A: I’ve heard they want to remarry. B: A good man doesn’t backtrack. They’ve already turned over a new leaf. Usage: Used singly. Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.

2.  小菜一碟 (小菜一碟)  xifo cài yì dié Translated character by character, 小菜一碟 means ‘small-dish-one-plate,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘something that can be done very easily.’ Its functional equivalent is ‘a piece of cake.’ Example 1: A:

这个国家的篮球队对于美国队来说简直是小菜一碟。美国队的替补 阵容都能把他们打得稀里哗啦的。

4  Entry 3: 太阳从西边出来 A: Zhègè guójia de lánqiú duì duìyú Mgiguó duì láishud jifnzhí shì xifo cài yì dié. Mgiguó duì de tìbj zhènróng ddu néng bf tamen df de xclhhuala de. A: This country’s basketball team really is a piece of cake for the American team. Even the American substitutes could clean their clocks. Example 2:

我外甥女今年要毕业了，你能不能把她安排进交通局工作？ B: 不就是交通局嘛，小菜一碟。 A:

A: Wi wàishbngnr jcnnián yào bìyè le, nh néngbùnéng bf ta anpái jìn jiaotdngjú gdngzuò? B: Bú jiùshì jiaotdngjú ma, xifo cài yì dié. A: My sister’s daughter is graduating this year. Would you be able to arrange a job for her at the Traffic Department? B: We’re talking about the Traffic Department, right? It’ll be a piece of cake. Usage: Functions as predicative. Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.

3.  太阳从西边出来 (太陽從西邊出來)  tàiyáng cóng xc bian chelai Translated character by character, 太阳从西边出来 means ‘sun-from-west-side-comeout,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘something is very unlikely to happen.’ Its functional translation is ‘hell freezes over.’ Example 1: A: B:

他工作三年了，今天第一次加班。 太阳从西边出来了吧？要不肯定是他的电脑、手机、手表上的时间 同时晚了。

A: Ta gdngzuò san nián le, jcntian dì-yc cì jiaban. B: Tàiyáng cóng xcbian cheláile ba? Yàobù kgndìng shì ta de diànnfo, shiujc, shiubifo shàng de shíjian tóngshí wfn le. A: He’s been working for three years now. Today’s the first time he’s worked late. B: Has hell frozen over? Otherwise his computer, phone, and watch are all running slow at the same time.



Entry 4: 说曹操，曹操到 5

Example 2: A: B:

你们的关系恢复了吗？ 我已经跟他一刀两断，如果想恢复关系，除非太阳从西边出来。

A: Nhmen de guanxi hucfù le ma? B: Wi yhjcng gbn ta yìdao-lifngduàn, rúgui xifng hucfù guanxi, chúfbi tàiyáng cóng xcbian chelái. A: Have you reconciled with him? B: I already broke things off with him. If he wants to reconcile our relationship, it won’t happen unless hell freezes over. Usage: Functions as predicate or used singly. Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning.

4.  说曹操，曹操到 (說曹操，曹操到)  shud Cáo Cao, Cáo Cao dào Translated character by character, 说曹操，曹操到 means ‘speak-Cao Cao, Cao Cao-arrive,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘someone appears right after you have said their name.’ Its functional translation is ‘Speak of the devil (and he shall appear).’ Example 1: A: 今天晚上的饭局谁做东呢？ B: 老刘啊！他刚抱上孙子。 （老刘进来。 ） A: 这不，说曹操，曹操就到。 A: Jcntian wfnshang de fànjú shéi zuòddng ne? B: Lfo Liú a! Ta gang bàoshàng senzi. (Lfo Liú jìnlái.) A: Zhè bú, shud Cáo Cao, Cáo Cao jiù dào. A: B: A:

Who is hosting tonight’s dinner party? Old Liu! He’s just become a grandfather. (Old Liu enters) Speak of the devil.

Example 2: A: 我得给王局长打个电话。 （王局长从远处出现。 ） B: 不用打了，说曹操，曹操到。

6  Entry 5: 乌鸦嘴 A: Wi dgi ggi Wáng júzhfng df gè diànhuà. (Wáng júzhfng cóng yufnchù chexiàn. ) B: Búyòng df le, shud Cáo Cao, Cáo Cao dào. A: I should give Director Wang a call. (Director Wang appears from a distance) B: There’s no need. Speak of the devil and he shall appear. Usage: Used singly. Variant: 说曹操，曹操就到 Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.

5.  乌鸦嘴 (烏鴉嘴)  weya zuh Translated character by character, 乌鸦嘴 means ‘crow-mouth,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘a person who is believed to bring bad luck.’ Its functional translation is ‘jinx.’ Example 1: A: B:

他又预测巴西队会夺冠。 他是个有名的乌鸦嘴，看好哪个队哪个队倒霉。

A: Ta yòu yùcè Baxc duì huì duóguàn. B: Ta shì gè yiumíng de weyazuh, kàn hfo nf ge duì nf ge duì dfoméi. A: He once again predicted that Brazil would win the championship. B: He’s a well-known jinx. Whichever team he favors gets unlucky. Example 2: A: B:

有我保佑，你一定成功。 闭上你那只乌鸦嘴！

A: Yiu wi bfoyòu, nh yídìng chénggdng. B: Bì shàng nh nà zhc weyazuh! A: With my blessing, you will definitely succeed. B: Shut your jinx mouth! Usage: Functions as object or predicative. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.



Entries 6 – 7: 二百五 and 吃一堑，长一智 7 6.  二百五 (二百五)  èr bfi wj

Translated character by character, 二百五 means ‘two-hundred-fifty,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘an idiot.’ Its functional translation is ‘halfwit,’ or ‘pea-brain.’ Example 1: A: B:

你能告诉我怎么用电子表格求和吗？ 二百五，连电子表格都不会，以后怎么做秘书？

A: Nh néng gàosù wi zgnme yòng diànzhbifogé qiúhé ma? B: Èrbfiwj, lián diànzhbifogé ddu búhuì, yhhòu zgnme zuò mìshe? A: Can you show me how to do a summation on Excel? B: You pea-brain! If you can’t even use Excel, how can you become a secretary? Example 2:

别人跟他说了要再研究研究，可是他非得逼着人家当面作决定，人 家只能拒绝了。 B: 他真是个二百五，听不出来别人话里有话。 A:

A: Biérén gbn ta shudle yào yánjiu yánjiu, kgshì ta fbidgi bczhe rénjia dangmiàn zuò juédìng, rénjia zhhnéng jùjué le. B: Ta zhbn shì gè èrbfiwj, tcng bù chelai biérén huàlhyiuhuà. A: They told him they needed to think more about it, but he forced them to make a decision on the spot. They had no choice but to reject him. B: He really is a halfwit. He can’t read between the lines. Usage: Functions as noun. Note: Derogatory in meaning.

7.  吃一堑，长一智 (吃一塹，長一智)  chc yí qiàn, zhfng yí zhì Translated character by character, 吃一堑，长一智 means ‘fall-once-pit-increase-bitwisdom,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to derive wisdom from one’s mistakes.’ Its functional translation is ‘a fall in the pit, a gain in your wit.’ Example 1: A: B: A: B:

你没事吧？ 我没事，就是汽车废了。下次我再也不喝酒了。 吃一堑，长一智。 是，就算花钱买个教训吧。

8  Entry 8: 睁着眼睛说瞎话 A: Nh méishì ba? B: Wi méishì, jiùshì qìchb fèi le. Xiàcì wi zài yg bù hbjij le. A: Chc yí qiàn, zhfng yí zhì. B: Shì, jiù suàn huaqián mfi gè jiàoxùn ba. A: B: A: B:

Are you OK? I’m alright, just my car’s wrecked. Next time I’m not drinking. A fall in the pit, a gain in your wit. Yeah, it’s like paying to learn a lesson.

Example 2: A:

中国的企业在与外国的企业打官司时，因为对国际惯例不熟悉而败 诉。不过，吃一堑，长一智，以后再打类似的官司时就有经验了。

A: Zhdngguó de qhyè zài yj wàiguó de qhyè df guansc shí, ycnwèi duì guójì guànlì bù shúxi ér bàisù. Búguò, chc yí qiàn, zhfng yí zhì, yhhòu zài df lèishì de guansc shí jiù yiu jcngyàn le. A: When Chinese corporations participate in lawsuits with foreign corporations, they lose because they aren’t familiar with international practices. However, a fall in the pit is a gain in your wit. When faced with similar lawsuits in the future, they will have experience. Usage: Functions as predicate or used singly. Note: Neutral in meaning.

8.  睁着眼睛说瞎话 (睜著眼睛說瞎話)  zhbng zhe yfnjing shud xia huà Translated character by character, 睁着眼睛说瞎话 means ‘open-ed-eyes-tell-lies,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to say what one knows to be untrue.’ Its functional translation is ‘to flout reality,’ ‘to tell bald-faced lies,’ or ‘to lie through one’s teeth.’ Example 1: A:

他太不诚实了，常常睁着眼睛说瞎话，连他父母都骗。

A: Ta tài bù chéngshí le, chángcháng zhbngzhe yfnjing shud xia huà, lián ta fùmj ddu piàn. A: He’s so dishonest. He often tells bald-faced lies, even to his parents. Example 2: A:

那家电视台睁着眼睛说瞎话，赤裸裸地攻击别的国家，而对自己国 家的问题却视而不见。



Entry 9: 近朱者赤，近墨者黑 9

A: Nà jia diànshìtái zhbngzhe yfnjing shud xia huà, chìluilui de gdngjc biéde guójia, ér duì zìjh guójia de wèntí què shì’érbújiàn. A: That TV station is flouting reality. It plainly slanders other countries, but turns a blind eye towards its own country’s problems. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

9.  近朱者赤，近墨者黑 (近朱者赤，近墨者黑)  jìn zhe zhg chì, jìn mò zhg hbi Translated character by character, 近朱者赤，近墨者黑 means ‘close-red-person-red, close-black-person-black,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘one is marked by the company one keeps.’ Example 1: A: B: A:

最近你交往的人里面有一些不三不四的人，你得小心。 爸，我知道。我跟他们只是认识而已，算不上朋友。 那也不行，近朱者赤，近墨者黑，时间久了也会染上恶习。

A: Zuìjìn nh jiaowfng de rén lhmiàn yiu yìxib bùsan-búsì de rén, nh dgi xifoxcn. B: Bà, wi zhcdào. Wi gbn tamen zhhshì rènshí éryh, suànbúshàng péngyiu. A: Nà yg bú xíng, jìn zhe zhg chì, jìn mò zhg hbi, shíjian jijle yg huì rfnshàng èxí. A: You’ve been interacting with a few shady characters recently. You should be careful. B: Dad, I know. They’re just acquaintances, I wouldn’t call them friends. A: That’s also an issue. One is marked by the company one keeps. After a while, their vices will rub off on you. Example 2: A:

这位政治家年轻时曾是白宫的实习生，与总统接触较多。现在这位 政治家的做事风格与那位总统一模一样，所谓近朱者赤，近墨者黑。

A: Zhè wèi zhèngzhìjia niánqcng shí céng shì Báigdng de shíxíshbng, yj zingting jibchù jiào dud. Xiànzài zhè wèi zhèngzhìjia de zuòshì fbnggé yj nà wèi zingting yìmú-yíyàng, suiwèi jìn zhe zhg chì, jìn mò zhg hbi. A: This politician was a White House intern in his youth. He had a good amount of contact with the president. Now, he does things in exactly the same manner as that president. It’s as they say: one is marked by the company one keeps. Usage: Used singly. Note: Neutral in meaning.

10  Entries 10 – 11: 物以稀为贵 and 王婆卖瓜，自卖自夸 10.  物以稀为贵 (物以稀為貴)  wù yh xc wéi guì Translated character by character, 物以稀为贵 means ‘goods-by-rare-be-expensive,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘scarcity makes something valuable.’ Its functional translation would be ‘that which is rare is dear.’ Example 1: A:

收藏市场的普遍原则是物以稀为贵。

A: Shducáng shìchfng de pjbiàn yuánzé shì wù yh xc wéi guì. A: The rule in the collectors’ market is that which is rare is dear. Example 2: A:

据说真正的龙井茶树不多，物以稀为贵，因此清明节前的龙井茶被 炒成了天价。

A: Jùshud zhbnzhèng de Lóngjhng chá shù bù dud, wù yh xc wéi guì, ycnch qcngmíngjié qián de Lóngjhng chá bèi chfo chéng le tianjià. A: I’ve heard there aren’t many true Longjing tea trees. That which is rare is dear, so the price of Longjing tea picked before Tomb Sweeping Day was speculated to high heaven. Usage: Functions as predicate or used singly. Note: Neutral in meaning.

11.  王婆卖瓜，自卖自夸 (王婆賣瓜，自賣自誇)  wáng pó mài gua, zì mài zì kua Translated character by character, 王婆卖瓜，自卖自夸 means ‘nanny-Wang-sell-melon, self-sell-self-brag,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to praise one’s own work.’ Its functional translation is ‘every potter praises his own pot.’ Example 1: A: B:

他又在吹嘘他儿子怎么怎么棒呢。 老王卖瓜，自卖自夸。他那个儿子，学习成绩在班上倒数第一，他 还真好意思夸奖。

A: Ta yòu zài chucxe ta érzh zgnme zgnme bàng ne. B: Lfo Wáng mài gua, zì mài zì kua. Ta nàgè érzh, xuéxí chéngjì zài ban shàng dàoshj dì-yc, ta hái zhbn hfoyìsi kuajifng. A: He’s boasting about how his son’s so great again. B: Every potter praises his own pot. That son of his has the worst grades in his class and yet he somehow still praises him.



Entry 12: 站着说话不腰疼 11

Example 2: A:

他的评论有“王婆卖瓜”的嫌疑，对自己的产品表扬多，对其他家 的产品批评多。

A: Ta de pínglùn yiu “Wáng pó mài gua” de xiányí, duì zìjh de chfnphn bifoyáng dud, duì qíta jia de chfnphn pcpíng dud. A: His comment smacked of a potter praising his own pot. He praised his own products a lot and criticized other people’s products a lot. Usage: Used singly. Variant: 老王卖瓜，自卖自夸 Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

12.  站着说话不腰疼 (站著說話不腰疼)  zhàn zhe shudhuà bù yao téng Translated character by character, 站着说话不腰疼 means ‘stand-ing-speak-not-waist-ache,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘easier said than done.’ Its functional translation would be ‘to be an armchair quarterback’ or ‘talk is cheap.’ Example 1: A: B:

这事儿还不容易，要是我早就办完了。 你是站着说话不腰疼，真的让你干，未必比我快呢。

A: Zhè shìr hái bù róngyi, yàoshi wi zfo jiù bàn wán le. B: Nh shì zhànzhe shudhuà bù yao téng, zhbnde ràng nh gàn, wèibì bh wi kuài ne. A: This should be easy. If it were me, it would have been finished a long time ago. B: You’re an armchair quarterback. If you really were to do it, you wouldn’t necessarily be faster than me. Example 2: A: B:

政府应该再追加三百亿人民币在这个项目上。 站着说话不腰疼，三百亿哪儿那么容易来啊？

A: Zhèngfj ycnggai zài zhucjia sanbfi yì rénmínbì zài zhègè xiàngmù shang. B: Zhànzhe shudhuà bù yao téng, sanbfi yì nfr nàme róngyi lái a? A: The government should supplement this program with another 30 billion RMB. B: Talk is cheap. Since when has it been easy to find 30 billion? Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning.

12  Entries 13 – 14: 天下没有不散的筵席 and 天上掉馅饼 13.  天下没有不散的筵席 (天下沒有不散的筵席)  tianxià méiyiu bú sàn de yánxí Translated character by character, 天下没有不散的筵席 means ‘heaven-under-nothave-not-dispersed-banquet,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘nothing good lasts forever.’ Its functional translation is ‘all good things must come to an end.’ Example 1: A:

留步吧，天下没有不散的筵席，多保重！

A: Liúbù ba, tianxià méiyiu bú sàn de yánxí, dud bfozhòng! A: Don’t bother to see me out. All good things must come to an end. Take care of yourself ! Example 2: A: B:

时间过得真快，转眼一个月过去了，真舍不得离开你们。 天下没有不散的筵席，以后保持联系。

A: Shíjian guò de zhbn kuài, zhufnyfn yígè yuè guòqù le, zhbn shgbudé líkai nhmen. B: Tianxià méiyiu bú sàn de yánxí, yhhòu bfochí liánxì. A: Time really flew. A month went by in the blink of an eye. I really hate to part with you guys. B: All good things must come to an end. Keep in touch. Usage: Used singly. Note: Neutral in meaning.

14.  天上掉馅饼 (天上掉餡餅)  tianshang diào xiànbhng Translated character by character, 天上掉馅饼 means ‘sky-upon-fall-stuffed-pancake,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to receive a windfall with­ out working.’ Its functional translation is ‘to have something fall into your lap.’ Example 1: A: B: A:

你怎么不努力工作呢？ 我运气好，下午就去买彩票，说不定中两百万呢。 你就等着天上掉馅儿饼吧，有饿死你的一天。

A: Nh zgnme bù njlì gdngzuò ne? B: Wi yùnqì hfo, xiàwj jiù qù mfi cfipiào, shudbúdìng zhòng lifng bfi wàn ne. A: Nh jiù dgngzhe tianshang diào xiànrbhng ba, yiu è sh nh de yì tian.



Entry 15: 己所不欲，勿施于人 13

A: Why aren’t you working hard? B: I have good luck. I’m going to buy lotto tickets this afternoon, who says I won’t win two million dollars? A: You just wait for money to fall into your lap. One day you’ll starve. Example 2: A:

有人幻想国家富裕了，人民的生活水平自然会提高，不工作也能过 上好日子，于是他们天天盼望天上掉馅儿饼。

A: Yiu rén huànxifng guójia fùyù le, rénmín de shbnghuó shuhpíng zìrán huì tígao, bù gdngzuò yg néng guò shang hfo rìzi, yúshì tamen tiantian pànwàng tianshang diào xiànrbhng. A: Some people fantasize that when the country becomes prosperous, the citizens’ quality of life will naturally rise, and even if they don’t work they can still live well. So, they’re always waiting for something to just fall into their laps. Usage: Functions as object. Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning.

15.  己所不欲，勿施于人 (己所不欲，勿施於人)  jh sui bú yù, wù shc yú rén Translated character by character, 已所不欲，勿施于人 means ‘oneself-what-notdesire, not-impose-on-others,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘don’t treat others differently than you would like to be treated.’ Its functional translation is ‘do unto others as you would have them do unto you.’ Example 1: A: B:

他这样要求别人也太过分了。 是啊，连他自己都做不到，己所不欲，勿施于人嘛。

A: Ta zhèyàng yaoqiú biérén yg tài guòfèn le. B: Shì a, lián ta zìjh ddu zuò bú dào, jh sui bú yù, wù shc yú rén ma. A: He’s going too far by asking that of others. B: Yeah, even he wouldn’t do that. Do unto others as you would have them do unto you. Example 2: A: B: A:

你这样做恐怕不合适吧？ 怎么不合适？ 你再想想，如果别人这样对待你，你会高兴吗？己所不欲，勿施于 人。

14  Entry 16: 睁眼瞎 A: Nh zhèyàng zuò kingpà bù héshì ba? B: Zgnme bù héshì? A: Nh zài xifngxifng, rúgui biérén zhèyàng duìdài nh, nh huì gaoxìng ma? Jh sui bú yù, wù shc yú rén. A: I’m afraid it would be inappropriate for you to do that. B: How is it inappropriate? A: Think about it. If other people treated you like that, would you be happy? Do unto others as you would have them do unto you. Usage: Used singly. Note: Neutral in meaning.

16.  睁眼瞎 (睜眼瞎)  zhbng yfn xia Translated character by character, 睁眼瞎 means ‘open-eyes-blind,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘a bad judge of character.’ Example 1: A:

我真是个睁眼瞎，怎么没看出他是个披着人皮的狼！

A: Wi zhbn shì gè zhbngyfnxia, zgnme méi kànche ta shì gè pczhe rén pí de láng! A: I’m such a bad judge of character. How could I not see that he was a wolf in sheep’s clothing? Example 2: A: B:

他是个睁眼瞎。他老婆在外面跟别人搞，他好像一点儿都不知道。 谁知道呢？没准儿他是睁一只眼、闭一只眼。

A: Ta shì gè zhbngyfnxia. Ta lfopo zài wàimiàn gbn biérén gfo ta hfoxiàng yìdifnr ddu bù zhcdào. B: Shéi zhcdào ne? Méizhjnr ta shì zhbng yì zhc yfn, bì yì zhc yfn. A: He’s a bad judge of character. His wife is having an affair and he seems not to have a clue. B: Who knows? Who’s to say he’s not just turning a blind eye? Usage: Functions as predicative. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.



Entry 17: 跳进黄河洗不清 15 17.  跳进黄河洗不清 (跳進黃河洗不清)  tiào jìn Huáng Hé xh bù qcng

Translated character by character, 跳进黄河洗不清 means ‘jump-in-Yellow Riverwash-unable-clean.’ Its functional translation is ‘to be unable to clear one’s name.’ Example 1:

那位有前途的政治家与一个名声很不好的女人泡夜店的照片被曝光 了。 B: 完了，这下他跳进黄河也洗不清了，以后肯定会被政治对手攻击 的。 A:

A: Nà wèi yiu qiántú de zhèngzhìjia yj yígè míngshbng hgn bù hfo de nrrén pào yèdiàn de zhàopiàn bèi bàoguang le. B: Wán le, zhèxià ta tiào jìn Huáng Hé yg xh bù qcng le, yhhòu kgndìng huì bèi zhèngzhì duìshiu gdngjc de. A: That picture of the politician with the bright future and a girl with a bad reputation at a nightclub has surfaced. B: That’s it, this time there’s no way he can clear his name. He will definitely be attacked by his political adversaries for this in the future. Example 2:

昨晚公司失窃了，丢了很多现金。监控录像只发现老李一个人进去 过。 B: 以老李的人品不会偷东西啊。不过，他跳到黄河里都洗不清了。 A:

A: Zuó wfn gdngsc shcqiè le, diele hgndud xiànjcn. Jiankòng lùxiàng zhh faxiàn Lfo Lh yígè rén jìnqù guò. B: Yh Lfo Lh de rénphn búhuì tdu ddngxi a. Búguò, ta tiào dào Huáng Hé lh ddu xh bù qcng le. A: The company was robbed last night. A lot of cash was taken. The surveillance tapes show that only Lao Li had gone in. B: It’s not in Lao Li’s nature to steal, but now there’s no way for him to clear his name. Usage: Functions as predicate or predicative. Variants: 跳到黄河(也)洗不清 Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning. The Yellow River has a lot of silt in it and is very murky. The more one washes, the dirtier one gets.

16  Entries 18 – 19: 拍马屁 and 情人眼里出西施 18.  拍马屁 (拍馬屁)  pai mf pì Translated character by character, 拍屁股 means ‘hit-butt,’ whereas the implied mean­ ing of this proverb would be ‘to fawn over.’ Its functional translation is ‘to suck up to.’ Example 1: A:

她既有工作能力，又善于拍上司的马屁，所以提升很快。

A: Ta jì yiu gdngzuò nénglì, yòu shànyú pai shàngsc de mf pì, suiyh tíshbng hgn kuài. A: She’s a good worker and she’s good at sucking up to her superiors, so she was promoted quickly. Example 2: A: B:

老板，您的领带真漂亮，跟您的西装最配了。 你少拍马屁，这条领带我都戴了八回了，你怎么第一次说好？

A: Lfobfn, nín de lhngdài zhbn piàoliang, gbn nín de xczhuang zuì pèi le. B: Nh shfo paimfpì, zhè tiáo lhngdài wi ddu dàile ba huí le, nh zgnme dì-yc cì shud hfo? A: Boss, your tie is really nice. It goes great with your suit. B: Stop sucking up to me. I’ve already worn this tie eight times. Why is this the first time you’ve commented on it? Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Derogatory in meaning.

19.  情人眼里出西施 (情人眼裏出西施)  qíngrén yfn lh che Xcshc Translated character by character, 情人眼里出西施 means ‘lover-eyes-in-come out of-Xishi,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘one’s lover always appears beautiful to oneself.’ However, it should be noted that this expression is exclusively used to refer to girls or women. Its functional translation is ‘love is blind,’ or ‘beauty is in the eye of the beholder.’ Example 1: A: B:

他老婆也太丑了。 情人眼里出西施, 他认为漂亮就行。

A: Ta lfopo yg tài chiu le. B: Qíngrén yfn lh che Xcshc, ta rènwéi piàoliang jiù xíng. A: His wife is hideous. B: Beauty is in the eye of the beholder; as long as he thinks she’s pretty, it’s OK.



Entry 20: 打酱油 17

Example 2:

听说他们两个人在谈恋爱呢。你觉得他们合适吗？男的高富帅，女 的可是相貌平平啊！ B: 情人眼里出西施，那个男的应该更重视女朋友的内在美吧。 A:

A: Tcngshud tamen lifng gè rén zài tán liàn’ài ne. Nh juéde tamen héshì ma? Nánde gaofùshuài, nrde kg shì xiàngmào píngpíng a! B: Qíngrén yfn lh che Xcshc, nàgè nánde ycnggai gèng zhòngshì nrpéngyiu de nèizàimgi ba. A: I heard they are dating. Do you think they are a good match? The boy is tall, rich and handsome, but the girl is too plain looking! B: Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. That boy obviously cares more about the inner beauty of his girlfriend. Usage: Used singly. Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning. Xishi (c. 506 BC) was one of the renowned Four Beauties of ancient China.

20.  打酱油 (打醬油)  df jiàngyóu Translated character by character, 打酱油 means ‘get-soy-sauce,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘it’s none of my business.’ Its functional translation would be ‘I couldn’t care less,’ or ‘that’s above my pay grade.’ Example 1: A: B:

请问您对中东局势有什么看法？ 抱歉，我要去打酱油。

A: Qhngwèn nín duì Zhdngddng júshì yiu shénme kànff? B: Bàoqiàn, wi yào qù df jiàngyóu. A: Excuse me, what’s your view on the situation in the Middle East? B: I’m sorry, that’s above my pay grade. Example 2: A: B:

您是来欢迎总统的吗？ 不是，我是来打酱油的。

A: Nín shì lái huanyíng zingting de ma? B: Búshì, wi shì lái df jiàngyóu de. A: Are you here to welcome the president? B: No, I couldn’t care less.

18  Entry 21: 不怕一万，就怕万一 Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Humorous or neutral in meaning. This suyu is Chinese Internet slang dating from 2008. When responding to a TV reporter’s commentary on some issue (an elementary school student refusing to look at pornographic and violent content on the internet), someone said, “What does this have to do with me? I’m here to ‘打酱油’ (get some soy sauce),” meaning that he was indifferent to current events and government. ‘他不是打酱油的’ is a very popular usage, meaning that the person in question is not a bystander, but someone wielding great influence on a certain topic or issue.

21.  不怕一万，就怕万一 (不怕一萬，就怕萬一)  bú pà yí wàn, jiù pà wànyc Translated character by character, 不怕一万，就怕万一 means ‘not-fear-one-ten thousand, just-fear-one-ten thousandth,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to be prepared for all eventualities.’ Its functional translation is ‘one can never be too careful.’ Example 1: A: B: A:

孩子，晚上太晚了千万别出门。 妈，没事儿的，我们学校安全得很。 那也不行，不怕一万，就怕万一。尤其是周末晚上，有些人喝醉了 酒，很危险。

A: Háizi, wfnshang tài wfn le qianwàn bié chemén. B: Ma, méishìr de, wimen xuéxiào anquán de hgn. A: Nà yg bùxíng, bú pà yí wàn, jiù pà wànyc. Yóuqí shì zhdumò wfnshàng, yiuxib rén hbzuì le jij, hgn wbixifn. A: Child, when it’s too late at night, don’t, under any circumstances, go out. B: Mom, it’s not an issue. Our school is incredibly safe. A: That’s not good enough. You can never be too careful. Especially on weekend nights, some people get drunk; it’s very dangerous. Example 2: A: B:

老板，明天的谈判我们万无一失了。 不怕一万，就怕万一。你们还是要准备一套应急方案。

A: Lfobfn, míngtian de tánpàn wimen wànwú-yìshc le. B: Bú pà yí wàn, jiù pà wànyc. Nhmen háishì yào zhjnbèi yí tào yìngjí fang’àn. A: Boss, we’re guaranteed success in tomorrow’s negotiation. B: One can never be too careful. You guys still need to prepare an emergency plan.



Entry 22: 走着瞧 19

Usage: Used singly. Variant: 不怕一万，只怕万一 Note: Neutral in meaning.

22.  走着瞧 (走著瞧)  ziu zhe qiáo Translated character by character, 走着瞧 means ‘walk-ing-look.’ Its functional translation is ‘wait and see.’ Example 1: A: B:

这次你输定了。 不要高兴太早，走着瞧吧。

A: Zhècì nh she dìng le. B: Búyào gaoxìng tài zfo, ziuzheqiáo ba. A: This time you’re definitely going to lose. B: Don’t celebrate too soon. Just wait and see. Example 2: A: B:

你再赔偿我名誉损失费20万。 我已经给你精神损失费20万了，现在又要名誉损失费。你不要把我 逼急了，逼急了我什么样的事都能干出来，不信咱们走着瞧。

A: Nh zài péicháng wi míngyù sjnshcfèi 20 wàn. B: Wi yhjcng ggi nh jcngshen sjnshcfèi 20 wàn le, xiànzài yòu yào míngyù sjnshcfèi. Nh búyào bf wi bc jí le, bc jí le wi shénmeyàng de shì ddu néng gàn chelái, bú xìn zánmen ziuzheqiáo. A: Pay me another 200,000 RMB for libel damages. B: I already gave you 200,000 RMB for emotional distress; now you also want libel damages? Don’t push me too hard. When I’m pushed, I’m capable of anything. If you don’t believe me, just wait and see. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory or neutral in meaning.

20  Entries 23 – 24: 不管三七二十一 and 吃着碗里的，看着锅里的 23.  不管三七二十一 (不管三七二十一)  bùgufn san qc èrshíyc Translated character by character, 不管三七二十一 means ‘not-care-three-(times)seven-twenty-one,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to act recklessly.’ Its functional translation is ‘to throw caution to the wind.’ Example 1: A: B:

这款电子产品你根本不懂有什么用处，怎么一下子买了两个？ 那不是圣诞节大减价嘛，不管三七二十一，先买回家再说，以后再 慢慢看怎么用。

A: Zhè kufn diànzh chfnphn nh gbnbgn bù ding yiu shénme yòngchu, zgnme yíxiàzi mfile lifng gè? B: Nà búshì Shèngdànjié dàjifnjià ma, bùgufn san qc èrshíyc, xian mfi huí jia zàishud, yhhòu zài mànmanr kàn zgnme yòng. A: You actually don’t know what this gadget does; why did you impulsively buy two? B: Wasn’t it a big Christmas sale? I threw caution to the wind and bought two; I’ll figure out how to use them later. Example 2: A: B:

你今天说话可伤了不少人。 只要我站在正义的立场上，我才不管三七二十一。

A: Nh jcntian shudhuà kg shanle bùshfo rén. B: Zhhyào wi zhàn zài zhèngyì de lìchfng shang, wi cái bùgufn san qc èrshíyc ne. A: You hurt a lot of people with what you said today. B: As long as I am on the side of justice, I throw caution to the wind. Usage: Functions as predicate or used singly. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

24.  吃着碗里的，看着锅里的 (吃著碗裏的，

看著鍋裏的)  chc zhe wfn lh de, kàn zhe gud lh de Translated character by character, 吃着碗里的，看着锅里的 means ‘eat-ing-bowlinside, watch-ing-pot-inside,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to eat what’s in one’s bowl while eyeing the pot.’ Its functional translation is ‘to be unsatisfied with what one has.’



Entry 25: 钻牛角尖 21

Example 1: A: B:

好像他在勾引他小姨子。 这家伙太花心了，吃着碗里的，看着锅里的。

A: Hfoxiàng ta zài gduyhn ta xifoyízi. B: Zhè jiahuo tài huaxcn le, chczhe wfn lh de, kànzhe gud lh de. A: It seems he’s after his wife’s sister. B: This guy is so unfaithful. He’s eating what’s in his bowl while eyeing the pot. Example 2:

他们公司已经得到政府的很大的订单了，现在又要起诉竞争对手， 说对方不公平竞争。 B: 他们的胃口也太大了，吃着碗里的，看着锅里的。 A:

A: Tamen gdngsc yhjcng dédào zhèngfj de hgn dà de dìngdan le, xiànzài yòu yào qhsù jìngzhbng duìshiu, shud duìfang bù gdngpíng jìngzhbng. B: Tamen de wèikiu yg tài dà le, chczhe wfn lh de, kànzhe gud lh de. A: Their company already got a very big order from the government and now he’s also going to sue his competitors, saying they didn’t play fair. B: They’re too greedy, eating what’s in their bowls while eyeing the pot. Usage: Used singly. Variants: 吃着碗里的，想着锅里的；吃着碗里的，望着锅里的 Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning.

25.  钻牛角尖 (鑽牛角尖)  zuan niú jifo jian Translated character by character, 钻牛角尖 means ‘squeeze-bull-horn-tip,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to go down a dead end,’ or ‘to split hairs.’ Example 1: A: B: A:

欧洲人学语言有优势，一般人都会两三种语言。 不对，很多英国人只会英语。 你这个人怎么钻牛角尖啊？我是总的来说。

A: nuzhdu rén xué yjyán yiu ydushì, yìban rén ddu huì lifng-san zhing yjyán. B: Búduì, hgndud Ycngguó rén zhh huì Ycngyj. A: Nh zhègè rén zgnme zuan niú jifo jian a? Wi shì zingdeláishud. A: Europeans have an advantage in learning languages. An average European can speak two or three languages. B: No, a lot of English people can only speak English. A: Why are you splitting hairs? I was speaking in generalities.

22  Entry 26: 人不可貌相，海水不可斗量 Example 2: A: B:

他怎么样？ 勤奋有余，灵活不足，看问题太钻牛角尖。

A: Ta zgnmeyàng? B: Qínfèn yiuyú, línghuó bùzú, kàn wèntí tài zuan niú jifo jian. A: How is he? B: He’s excessively diligent, but not flexible enough. He’s too closed-minded in dealing with problems. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

26.  人不可貌相，海水不可斗量 (人不可貌相，

海水不可斗量)  rén bù kg mào xiàng, hfi shuh bù kg diu liáng Translated character by character, 人不可貌相，海水不可斗量 means ‘person-notby-appearance-judged, ocean-water-not-by-volume unit-measure,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘you cannot judge something by appearance only.’ Its functional translation is ‘you can’t judge a book by its cover.’ Example 1: A:

他平常看起来很不起眼，可是在昨天的大场面上表现得恰到好处， 一看就是见过世面的。看来真是人不可貌相，海水不可斗量。

A: Ta píngcháng kàn qhlái hgn bùqhyfn, kgshì zài zuótian de dàchfngmiàn shàng bifoxiàn de qiàdàohfochù, yí kàn jiùshì jiànguò shìmiàn de. Kànlái zhbnshì rén bùkg mào xiàng, hfishuh bùkg diu liáng. A: He usually looks very undistinguished, but he conducted himself perfectly at yesterday’s occasion. He seemed, at a glance, cultured. It looks like you really can’t judge a book by its cover. Example 2: A: B:

你看他这身打扮，能有什么本事？ 别这么说，人不可貌相，海水不可斗量。史蒂夫·乔布斯还只穿黑 色高领衫和牛仔裤呢，谁敢小看他？

A: Nh kàn ta zhè shbn dfbàn, néng yiu shénme bgnshì? B: Bié zhème shud, rén bùkg mào xiàng, hfishuh bùkg diu liáng. Shhdìfe Qiáobùsc hái zhh chuan hbisè gaolhngshan hé niúzfikù ne, shuí gfn xifokàn ta?



Entry 27: 林子大了，什么鸟都有 23

A: Look at the way he dresses! What could he be good at? B: Don’t say that. You can’t judge a book by its cover. Steve Jobs just wears a black turtleneck and jeans, and who would dare to look down on him? Usage: Used singly. Variant: 人不可貌相 Note: Neutral in meaning.

27.  林子大了，什么鸟都有 (林子大了，什麽鳥都有)  línzi dà le, shénme nifo ddu yiu Translated character by character, 林子大了，什么鸟都有 means ‘woods-be-big, anybird-all-exist,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘some people really are weird.’ Its functional translation is ‘there are all kinds of fish in the sea.’ Example 1:

有的政府官员去嫖妓，完了以后还让妓女开发票，他们回去以后可 以报销。什么人啊！ B: 真是林子大了，什么鸟都有。 A:

A: Yiude zhèngfj guanyuán qù piáojì, wánle yhhòu hái ràng jìnr kai fapiào, tamen huíqù yhhòu kgyh bàoxiao. Shénme rén a! B: Zhbnshì línzi dà le, shénme nifo ddu yiu. A: When some government officials frequent brothels, they make the prostitutes give them a receipt so that they can claim reimbursement (from the government) when they get back. What characters! B: There really are all kinds of fish in the sea! Example 2: A: B:

我听说有个人倒着拿着报纸看。 林子大了，什么鸟都有。

A: Wi tcngshud yiu gè rén dàozhe názhe bàozhh kàn. B: Línzi dà le, shénme nifo ddu yiu. A: I heard there’s a person who reads the newspaper upside down. B: There are all kinds of fish in the sea. Usage: Used singly. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

24  Entries 28 – 29: 鸡毛蒜皮 and 鲜花插在牛粪上 28.  鸡毛蒜皮 (雞毛蒜皮)  jc máo suàn pí Translated character by character, 鸡毛蒜皮 means ‘chicken-feathers-garlic-skins.’ Its functional translation is ‘trivial,’ or ‘trivialities.’ Example 1: A: B:

王哥，你能不能帮我看一下我的电脑，死机了。 这点儿鸡毛蒜皮的小事也找我，我的时间那么不值钱啊？去，买个 新的去。

A: Wáng gb, nh néngbunéng bang wi kàn yíxià wide diànnfo, shjc le. B: Zhè difnr jc máo suàn pí de xifoshì yg zhfo wi, wide shíjian nàme bù zhíqián a? Qù, mfi gè xcn de qù. A: Brother Wang, could you take a quick look at my computer? It crashed. B: Is my time really worth that little, bothering me with such trivial matters? Go buy a new one. Example 2: A:

咱们头儿大事干不了，整天讲一些鸡毛蒜皮的事情，都烦死我了。

A: Zánmen tóur dà shì gàn bùlifo, zhgngtian jifng yìxib jc máo suàn pí de shìqing, ddu fán sh wi le. A: Our leader can’t handle big issues, and talks about trivial matters all the time. I’m sick of it. Usage: Functions as attributive. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

29.  鲜花插在牛粪上 (鮮花插在牛糞上)  xian hua cha zài niú fèn shàng Translated character by character, 鲜花插在牛粪上 means ‘fresh-flower-stick-in-cowdung,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘a beautiful woman is married to an old or ugly man.’ Example 1: A: B:

那个大美女怎么嫁给了一个老头子？鲜花插在牛粪上，太可惜了！ 别这么说。是各取所需，老头子是亿万富翁。

A: Nàgè dà mginr zgnme jiàggi le yígè lfotóuzi? Xianhua cha zài niú fèn shàng, tài kgxc le! B: Bié zhème shud. Shì gè qj sui xe, lfotóuzi shì yìwànfùwbng.



Entry 30: 醉翁之意不在酒 25

A: How did that gorgeous woman marry an old fart? It’s a May-December marriage. What a pity! B: Don’t say that. They each get what they want. That old fart is a multi-billionaire. Example 2: A: B:

她又高又漂亮，她老公又矮又丑。两个人怎么结婚了呢？ 一朵鲜花插在牛粪上了。

A: Ta yòu gao yòu piàoliang, ta lfogdng yòu fi yòu chiu. Lifng gè rén zgnme jiéhen le ne? B: Yì dui xianhua cha zài niú fèn shàng le. A: She’s tall and beautiful, her husband is short and ugly, how did those two get married? B: It’s a May-December marriage. Usage: Functions mainly as predicative or predicate. Note: Derogatory in meaning.

30.  醉翁之意不在酒 (醉翁之意不在酒)  zuì wbng zhc yì bú zài jij Translated character by character, 醉翁之意不在酒 means ‘drunk-man-’s-intentionnot-at-wine,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to have an ulterior motive.’ Example 1: A: B:

我们的谈判僵持住了。对方说请我们去看戏，说是放松一下。 他们没有那么简单，肯定是醉翁之意不在酒啊。

A: Wimen de tánpàn jiangchí zhù le. Duìfang shud qhng wimen qù kànxì, shud shì fàngsdng yíxià. B: Tamen méiyiu nàme jifndan, kgndìng shì zuì wbng zhc yì bú zài jij a. A: Our negotiations have ground to a halt. Our counterparts say they want to invite us to see a play. They say they want to relax for a while. B: That’s not the whole story. They definitely have ulterior motives. Example 2: A: B:

李小姐喜欢艺术。他三番五次请李小姐去参观名人画展。 醉翁之意不在酒。他大概对李小姐本人更感兴趣。

A: Lh xifojig xhhuan yìshù. Ta sanfan-wjcì qhng Lh xifojig qù canguan míngrén huàzhfn. B: Zuì wbng zhc yì bú zài jij. Ta dàgài duì Lh xifojig bgnrén gèng gfn xìngqù.

26  Entry 31: 猴年马月 A: Ms. Li likes art. He’s invited Ms. Li to visit celebrity art exhibitions over and over. B: He has ulterior motives. He’s probably more interested in Ms. Li. Usage: Functions as predicate or used singly. Note: Humorous or neutral in meaning.

31.  猴年马月 (猴年馬月)  hóu nián mf yuè Translated character by character, 猴年马月 means ‘monkey-year-horse-month,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘in the remote future.’ Its functional translation is ‘it’ll be a cold day in hell when,’ or ‘god knows when.’ Example 1: A:

政府说要在市中心建一座公园，都说了二十年了，还没有动静，不 知道猴年马月才能建成。

A: Zhèngfj shud yào zài shì zhdngxcn jiàn yí zuò gdngyuán, ddu shudle èrshí nián le, hái méiyiu dòngjing, bù zhcdao hóu nián mf yuè cáinéng jiànchéng. A: The government says they want to build a park in the city center. They’ve been saying that for twenty years now and they still haven’t started. God only knows when they’ll finish. Example 2: A: B:

你打算什么时候买房子？ 房价那么高，只靠工资，猴年马月也买不起一套房子啊！

A: Nh dfsuàn shénme shíhòu mfi fángzi? B: Fángjià nàme gao, zhh kào gdngzc, hóu nián mf yuè yg mfibuqh yí tào fángzi a! A: When are you planning on buying a house? B: With real estate prices as high as they are and relying only on my salary, it’ll be a cold day in hell when I can buy a house. Usage: Functions as adverbial. Variants: 牛年马月; 驴年马月 Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.



Entries 32 – 33: 眼不见为净 and 姜是老的辣 27 32.  眼不见为净 (眼不見為淨)  yfn bú jiàn wéi jìng

Translated character by character, 眼不见为净 means ‘eyes-not-see-is-clean,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to not worry about things that do not happen in front of one’s eyes.’ Its functional translation is ‘What somebody doesn’t know/see can’t hurt them.’ Example 1: A: B:

这家小饭馆看起来黑乎乎的，卫生吗？ 别管卫生不卫生的，先填饱肚子再说。眼不见为净，大饭店也未必 很干净。

A: Zhè jia xifo fàngufn kàn qhlái hbihehu de, wèishbng ma? B: Bié gufn wèishbng bú wèishbng de, xian tiánbfo dùzh zàishud. Yfn bú jiàn wéi jìng, dà fàndiàn yg wèibì hgn gànjìng. A: This little restaurant looks filthy. Is it hygienic? B: Don’t worry about the hygiene, just eat up. What you don’t know can’t hurt you. Even big restaurants aren’t necessarily very clean. Example 2: A: B:

你儿子最近给你添了不少麻烦。 咳，好在他在外国，我就眼不见为净了，否则早该给气死了。

A: Nh érzh zuìjìn ggi nh tianle bùshfo máfan. B: Hài, hfozài ta zài wàiguó, wi jiù yfn bú jiàn wéi jìng le, fiuzé zfo gai ggi qìsh le. A: Your son has been a real handful for you lately. B: Oh, it’s a good thing he’s abroad. What I don’t see can’t hurt me. Otherwise I’d have gone ballistic a long time ago. Usage: Functions mainly as predicate. Note: Neutral in meaning.

33.  姜是老的辣 (薑是老的辣)  jiang shì lfo de là Translated character by character, 姜是老的辣 means ‘ginger-is-older-spicy,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘people become more capable as they get older.’ Its functional translation is ‘with experience comes wisdom.’ Example 1: A: B:

你的电脑的问题我五分钟就解决了。 哇！姜还是老的辣，您真厉害。

28  Entry 34: 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧 A: Nhde diànnfo de wènti wi wj fbnzhdng jiù jigjué le. B: Wà! Jiang háishì lfo de là, nín zhbn lìhai. A: I fixed the problem with your computer in just five minutes. B: Wow! With experience comes wisdom. You’re amazing. Example 2:

里根用“星球大战”计划拖垮了前苏联的经济，用和平演变瓦解了 前苏联和东欧国家的意识形态。前苏联及东欧社会主义国家就这么 轻易地被里根解体了。 B: 里根当总统的时候都七十多岁了，不过，姜是老的辣，他太老谋深 算了。 A:

A: Lhgbn yòng Xcngqiú Dàzhàn jìhuà tudkufle qián Selián de jcngjì, yòng hépíng yfnbiàn wfjigle qián Selián hé Ddng nu guójia de yìshi xíngtài. Qián Selián jí Ddng nu shèhuìzhjyì guójia jiù zhème qcngyì de bèi Lhgbn wfjig le. B: Lhgbn dang zingting de shíhou ddu qcshí dud suì le, búguò, jiang shì lfo de là, ta tài lfomóu-shbnsuàn le. A: President Reagan used the ‘Star Wars program’ to wear down the former Soviet Union’s economy and broke down the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe’s ideology through peaceful evolution. The Soviet Union and socialist Eastern European countries were so easily broken up by Reagan. B: When Reagan was president, he was already in his seventies. But with experience comes wisdom. He’s a wily old fox. Usage: Used singly. Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.

34.  留得青山在，不怕没柴烧 (留得青山在，

不怕沒柴燒)  liú dé qcng shan zài, bú pà méi chái shao Translated character by character, 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧 means ‘leave-greenmountain-remain, not-fear-no-firewood-burn,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘where there’s life, there’s hope.’ Example 1: A: B: A:

你怎么又喝起酒来了？ 喝不喝有什么区别？反正是没前途了。 没出息！不就是被解职了吗？你才三十五岁，以后有的是机会。 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。把酒瓶扔掉！



Entry 35: 拿得起，放得下 29

A: Nh zgnme yòu hb qh jij lái le? B: Hb bù hb yiu shénme qebié? Ffnzhèng shì méi qiántú le. A: Méi chexi! Bú jiùshì bèi jigzhí le ma? Nh cái sanshíwj suì, yhhòu yiudeshì jchuì. Liú dé qcngshan zài, bú pà méi chái shao. Bf jijpíng rbngdiào! A: Why have you started drinking alcohol again? B: What difference does it make if I drink or not? I have no future anyway. A: You have no drive! Weren’t you only laid off ? You’re just 35, there will be plenty of opportunity in the future. Where there’s life, there’s hope. Throw that bottle away! Example 2: A: （病人）我吃不下了。 B:

再吃两口吧，身体要紧，别的事都可以往后放放。留得青山在，不 怕没柴烧。

A: (bìng rén) Wi chc bú xià le. B: Zài chc lifng kiu ba, shbnth yàojhn, biéde shì ddu kgyh wfnghòu fàngfàng. Liú dé qcngshan zài, bú pà méi chái shao. A: (sick person) I can’t eat anymore. B: Eat two more bites. Your body is the most important thing; everything else can be dealt with after. Where there’s life, there’s hope. Usage: Used singly. Note: Neutral in meaning.

35.  拿得起，放得下 (拿得起，放得下)  ná de qh, fàng de xià Translated character by character, 拿得起，放得下 means ‘able-to-pick up, able-toput down,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to be able to accept whatever happens to oneself.’ Its functional translation is ‘to be able to go with the flow.’ Example 1: A: B:

我不应该当众跟他吵架。 吵就吵了，这种事得拿得起，放得下，没什么大不了的。

A: Wi bù ycnggai dangzhòng gbn ta chfojià. B: Chfo jiù chfo le, zhè zhing shì dgi ná de qh, fàng de xià, méi shénme dàbùlifo de. A: I shouldn’t argue with him in public. B: It was just an argument. With these sorts of things, you have to be able to go with the flow. It’s nothing major.

30  Entry 36: 以其人之道还治其人之身 Example 2: A: B: A:

她老公可是个好男人。 怎么讲？ 工作社交、家里家外，什么事都拿得起，放得下。

A: Ta lfogdng kg shì gè hfo nánrén. B: Zgnme jifng? A: Gdngzuò shèjiao, jialh jiawài, shénme shì ddu ná de qh, fàng de xià. A: Her husband really is a good man. B: What do you mean? A: At work or in social situations, at home or away from home, no matter what, he’s able to go with the flow. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Neutral or complimentary in meaning. 36.  以其人之道还治其人之身 (以其人之道還治

其人之身)  yh qí rén zhc dào huán zhì qí rén zhc shbn Translated character by character, 以其人之道还治其人之身 means ‘using-thatperson-’s-way-return-treat-that-person-’s-body,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to take revenge on someone by treating them as they treat others.’ Its functional translation is ‘to give someone a taste of their own medicine,’ or ‘to pay back in one’s own coin.’ Example 1: A:

既然他拿我的私生活炒作，那么我们以其人之道还治其人之身， 把他上大学时吸大麻的事透露给媒体。

A: Jìrán ta ná wide scshbnghuó chfozuò, nàme wimen yh qí rén zhc dào huán zhì qí rén zhc shbn, bf ta shàng dàxué shí xc dàmá de shì tòulù ggi méith. A: Since he was publicizing my private life, we gave him a taste of his own medicine, and disclosed to the media that he smoked marijuana in college. Example 2:

两个国家关系看起来挺好的，怎么这次在联合国安理会投票时A国没 有支持B国呢？ B: 那是因为B国在A国申办奥运会时没有投A国的票，现在A国只是以其 人之道还治其人之身。 A:

A: Lifng gè guójia guanxi kàn qhlái thng hfo de, zgnme zhècì zài Liánhéguó knlhhuì tóupiào shí A guó méi yiu zhcchí B guó ne? B: Nà shì ycnwèi B guó zài A guó shbnbàn Àoyùnhuì shí méiyiu tóu A guó de piào, xiànzài A guó zhhshì yh qí rén zhc dào huán zhì qí rén zhc shbn.



Entry 37: 走桃花运 31

A: The two countries’ relations appear to be quite good. Why did country A not support country B in this UN Security Council vote? B: That’s because country B didn’t vote for country A when they were in the running for hosting the Olympics. Now country A is just paying country B back in its own coin. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Neutral in meaning.

37.  走桃花运 (走桃花運)  ziu táo hua yùn Translated character by character, 走桃花运 means ‘get-peach-blossom-luck,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘lucky, specifically with regards to women.’ Its functional translation is ‘lucky in love.’ Example 1: A: B:

李小姐答应今天晚上跟我一起去看电影。 你小子走桃花运了，多少人想请李小姐去都没成啊！

A: Lh xifojig daying jcntian wfnshang gbn wi yìqh qù kàn diànyhng. B: Nh xifozi ziu táohuayùn le, dudshfo rén xifng qhng Lh xifojig qù ddu méi chéng a! A: Ms. Li said she would go see a movie with me tonight. B: You, kid, are lucky in love. So many people want to ask Ms. Li to a movie, but to no avail! Example 2: A:

那个算命先生告诉他今年下半年他一定会走桃花运，明年就能结婚 生子。

A: Nàgè suànmìng xianshbng gàosù ta jcnnián xià bàn nián ta yídìng huì ziu táohuayùn, míngnián jiù néng jiéhen shbngzh. A: That fortune teller told him that he will definitely be lucky in love in the second half of this year and that he’s going to get married and have a baby next year. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Neutral in meaning.

32  Entries 38 – 39: 成事不足，败事有余 and 皇上不急太监急 38.  成事不足，败事有余 (成事不足，敗事有餘)  chéng shì bù zú, bài shì yiu yú Translated character by character, 成事不足，败事有余 means ‘accomplish-thingnot-enough, failed-thing-have-excess,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to be unable to successfully complete anything, but have a tendency to ruin everything.’ Its functional translation is ‘everything one touches turns to dust.’ Example 1: A: B:

他平常吹得厉害，可是什么事都做不好。这件事又搞砸了。 成事不足，败事有余。他的工作合同明年就不要续签了。

A: Ta píngcháng chuc de lìhai, kgshì shénme shì ddu zuò bù hfo. Zhè jiàn shì yòu gfo zá le. B: Chéng shì bù zú, bài shì yiu yú. Ta de gdngzuò hétóng míngnián jiù búyào xùqian le. A: He usually blows a lot of smoke, but he can’t do anything well. He screwed this up too. B: Everything he touches turns to dust. You shouldn’t renew his employment contract next year. Example 2: A: B:

老马，小朱这个人怎么样啊？ 老胡，小朱是个成事不足，败事有余的家伙。用他的时候得小心。

A: Lfo Mf, Xifo Zhe zhègè rén zgnmeyàng a? B: Lfo Hú, Xifo Zhe shì gè chéng shì bù zú, bài shì yiu yú de jiahuo. Yòng ta de shíhòu dgi xifoxcn. A: Old Ma, what’s Little Zhu like? B: Old Hu, Little Zhu is the sort of guy where everything he touches turns to dust. You have to be careful when you use him. Usage: Functions as predicate or attributive. Note: Slightly derogatory or neutral in meaning.

39.  皇上不急太监急 (皇上不急太監急)  huángshang bù jí tàijian jí Translated character by character, 皇上不急太监急 means ‘His Majesty-not-worryeunuch-worry,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be, ‘the emperor is rested and at ease while the eunuch is excessively concerned.’ Its functional



Entry 40: 三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮 33

translation is, ‘the person involved is calm and collected, but observers are very worried.’ Example 1: A: B:

快点走吧！会议就要开始了。 急什么啊？皇上不急太监急，领导还在那儿喝茶呢。

A: Kuài difn ziu ba! Huìyì jiùyào kaishh le. B: Jí shénme a? Huángshang bù jí tàijian jí, lhngdfo hái zài nàr hbchá ne. A: Move faster! The meeting is about to start. B: Where’s the fire? You’re fretting over nothing; our boss is still over there drinking tea. Example 2: A: B:

恐怕小赵这次要被裁掉了。 皇上不急太监急。你没看见小赵整天笑呵呵的嘛。你急什么啊？

A: Kingpà Xifo Zhào zhècì yào bèi cáidiào le. B: Huángshang bù jí tàijian jí. Nh méi kànjian Xifo Zhào zhgngtian xiàohbhb de ma. Nh jí shénme a? A: I’m afraid Little Zhao is going to be let go this time. B: If he’s not concerned, you shouldn’t be concerned. Haven’t you seen Little Zhao smiling all day? What are you worried about? Usage: Used singly or as predicate. Variants: 皇帝不急太监急; 皇上不急急太监 Note: Slightly derogatory or neutral in meaning. Because a 太监 (eunuch) is unable to reproduce, one must be extremely careful when using this proverb in conversation with Chinese men – especially those who are already married but do not have children.

40.  三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮 (三個臭皮匠，

頂個諸葛亮)  san gè chòu pí jiàng, dhng gè Zhegé Liàng Translated character by character, 三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮 means ‘three-MWcommon-cobblers, surpass-a-Zhuge Liang,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘three inferior minds are better than one great one.’ Its functional translation is ‘two heads are better than one.’ Example 1: A: B:

老王，这事我们能行吗？ 能，一定能。三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮。我们一共十多个人，怎么 也能想出一个好办法来。

34  Entry 41: 脚踩两只船 A: Lfo Wáng, zhè shì wimen néng xíng ma? B: Néng, yídìng néng. San gè chòu píjiàng, dhng gè Zhegé Liàng. Wimen yígòng shí dud gè rén, zgnme yg néng xifngche yígè hfo bànff lái. A: Lao Wang, can we get this thing done? B: Yes, absolutely. Two heads are better than one. Together, we’re more than ten people; we will come up with a good solution one way or another. Example 2:

我们的对手是哈佛的高材生啊？ B: 我们好歹也是常春藤联盟的，再说我们人多，三个臭皮匠，顶个诸 葛亮，肯定能竞争过他。 A:

A: Wimen de duìshiu shì Hafó de gaocáishbng a? B: Wimen hfodfi yg shì Chángchenténg liánméng de, zàishud wimen rén dud, san gè chòu píjiàng, dhng gè Zhegé Liàng, kgndìng néng jìngzhbng guò ta. A: Our opponent is a distinguished Harvard student? B: At any rate, we’re also Ivy Leaguers, and there are a lot of us. Two heads are better than one. We can definitely beat him. Usage: Used singly. Variant: 三个臭皮匠，赛过诸葛亮 Note: Humorous in meaning. Zhuge Liang (诸葛亮 181–234) was a chancellor of Kingdom Shu during the Three Kingdoms period. He is popularly recognized as the smartest person in the history of China.

41.  脚踩两只船 (腳踩兩隻船)  jifo cfi lifng zhc chuán Translated character by character, 脚踩两只船 means ‘foot-step-two-MW-boat.’ Its implied meaning is ‘to have a foot in both camps.’ Example 1: A: B:

他脚踩两只船，同时跟两个女孩子谈恋爱。 这就不道德了，对爱情不够尊重。

A: Ta jifo cfi lifng zhc chuán, tóngshí gbn lifng gè nrháizi tán liàn’ài. B: Zhè jiù bú dàodé le, duì àiqíng búgòu zenzhòng. A: He’s got a foot in both camps, carrying on relationships with two women at the same time. B: That’s just not right. He doesn’t have the proper respect for love.



Entry 42: 此地无银三百两 35

Example 2: A: B:

她够圆滑的，既跟保守派打得火热，又被激进派看成他们的人。 她能脚踩两只船，而且踩得很稳，水平够高的。

A: Ta gòu yuánhuá de, jì gbn bfoshiupài df de huirè, yòu bèi jcjìnpài kàn chéng tamen de rén. B: Ta néng jifo cfi lifng zhc chuán, érqh cfi de hgn wgn, shuhpíng gòu gao de. A: She’s very sly. She gets on well with the conservatives and the progressives see her as one of them. B: She can have a foot in both camps and stay firmly planted. She’s good. Usage: Functions as predicate. Variants: 脚踩(or 踏)两只(or 条)船 Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

42.  此地无银三百两 (此地無銀三百兩)  ch dì wú yín sanbfi lifng Translated character by character, 此地无银三百两 means ‘this-place-not-have-silverthree-hundred-tael,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to expose oneself due to unconvincing denial.’ Its functional translation is ‘methinks the lady doth protest too much,’ or ‘telltale sign/action.’ Example 1:

在昨天的匿名投票中，因为有一个人反对，这项计划流产了。 谁干的？太缺德了。不过，这样也好，我们可以节省一笔不小的开 支。 A: 不用再解释了，你这是此地无银三百两，大家心里都清楚是谁投的 反对票。 A: B:

A: Zài zuótian de nìmíng tóupiào zhdng, ycnwèi yiu yígè rén ffnduì, zhè xiàng jìhuà liúchfn le. B: Shéi gàn de? Tài qubdé le. Búguò, zhèyàng yg hfo, wimen kgyh jiéshgng yì bh bùxifo de kaizhc. A: Búyòng zài jigshì le, nh zhè shì ch dì wú yín sanbfi lifng, dàjia xcnli ddu qcngchu shì shéi tóu de ffnduìpiào. A: In last night’s anonymous voting, because one person opposed, the plan was aborted. B: Who was it? That’s so evil. But the silver lining is that we can save a great deal of expenditures. A: You don’t need to explain any further, methinks the lady doth protest too much. Everyone knows perfectly well who voted against it.

36  Entry 43: 吃不到葡萄就说葡萄酸 Example 2: A:

警察把一群与一起强奸案有关联的人叫到一起，说受害人在罪犯的 右手腕上留下了一道不深的牙痕。所有的人都没动，只有一个人下 意识地看了一下他的右手腕。这一举动无疑是此地无银三百两，警 察据此把这个人列为重点怀疑对象。

A: Jhngchá bf yì qún yj yì qh qiángjian’àn yiu guanlián de rén jiào dào yìqh, shud shòuhàirén zài zuìfàn de yòu shiuwàn shàng liúxiàle yí dào bù shbn de yá hén. Suiyiu de rén ddu méi dòng, zhhyiu yígè rén xiàyìshi de kànle yíxià ta de yòu shiuwàn. Zhè yc jjdòng wúyí shì ch dì wú yín sanbfi lifng, jhngchá jù ch bf zhègè rén liè wéi zhòngdifn huáiyí duìxiàng. A: The police called a group of people who were implicated in a rape case together, saying the victim left a set of shallow toothmarks on the right wrist of the criminal. No one moved, but one person unconsciously looked quickly at his right wrist. This action was undoubtedly a telltale sign and, on this evidence, the police made this person their primary suspect. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning.

43.  吃不到葡萄就说葡萄酸 (吃不到葡萄就說葡萄酸)  chc bú dào pútao jiù shud pútao suan Translated character by character, 吃不到葡萄就说葡萄酸 means ‘eat-not-able-grapethen-say-grape-sour,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to downplay the value of something one wanted but couldn’t get.’ Its functional translation, is ‘sour grapes.’ Example 1: A: B:

就那份工作，请我去我都不去。 真的吗？你当初可是申请来着，不要吃不到葡萄就说葡萄酸。

A: Jiù nà fèn gdngzuò, qhng wi qù wi ddu bú qù. B: Zhbnde ma? Nh dangche kgshì shbnqhng láizhe, búyào chc bú dào pútao jiù shud pútao suan. A: I wouldn’t take that job even if they offered it to me. B: Really? You applied for it in the first place. No need for sour grapes. Example 2: A: B: A:

王小姐明天就嫁人喽！ 嫁就嫁呗，嫁了个花花公子，等着哭去吧。 这话我听起来怎么酸溜溜的，你不要吃不到葡萄就说葡萄酸啊。



Entry 44: 心急吃不了热豆腐 37

A: Wáng xifojig míngtian jiù jiàrén lou! B: Jià jiù jià bei, jiàle gè huahuagdngzh, dgngzhe ke qù ba. A: Zhè huà wi tcng qhlái zgnme suanlieliu de, nh búyào chc bú dào pútao jiù shud pútao suan a. A: Miss Wang is getting married tomorrow! B: Let her get married. When she marries that playboy, she’ll end up in tears. A: Why do I feel like you’re jealous? There’s no need for sour grapes. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

44.  心急吃不了热豆腐 (心急吃不了熱豆腐)  xcn jí chc bù lifo rè dòufu Translated character by character, 心急吃不了热豆腐 means ‘heart-anxious-eat-notable-hot-tofu,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘being overly hasty will actually slow one down in the long run.’ Its functional translation is ‘more haste, less speed.’ Example 1: A: B:

机会这么好，我们赶快动手吧！ 再观望两天，心急吃不了热豆腐，现在先准备好。

A: Jchuì zhème hfo, wimen gfnkuài dòngshiu ba! B: Zài guanwàng lifng tian, xcn jí chc bùlifo rè dòufu, xiànzài xian zhjnbèi hfo. A: With such a good opportunity, we should move on it quickly! B: Let’s wait and see for another two days. More haste, less speed. We need to prepare everything first. Example 2: A: B:

这么好的女孩儿，快去追吧！ 不急，心急吃不了热豆腐。

A: Zhème hfo de nrháir, kuài qù zhuc ba! B: Bù jí, xcn jí chc bùlifo rè dòufu. A: What a good girl, go get her quickly! B: Don’t rush. More haste, less speed. Usage: Used singly. Note: Neutral in meaning.

38  Entries 45 – 46: 家常便饭 and 癞蛤蟆想吃天鹅肉 45.  家常便饭 (家常便飯)  jia cháng biàn fàn Translated character by character, 家常便饭 means ‘home-style-convenient-food,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘ordinary,’ or ‘to be expected.’ Its functional translation is ‘run of the mill’ or ‘par for the course.’ Example 1: A:

那对夫妻对孩子过于严厉，逼孩子学弹钢琴，只要孩子练不好，少 睡觉或不让吃饭是家常便饭。

A: Nà duì feqc duì háizi guòyú yánlì, bc háizi xué tán gangqín, zhhyào háizi liàn bùhfo, shfo shuìjiào huò bú ràng chcfàn shì jiacháng biànfàn. A: That couple is overly strict with their children. They force their kids to learn to play the piano and if they play badly, sleep deprivation or withholding of food is run of the mill. Example 2: A:

他是工作狂，夜里工作到两、三点是家常便饭。

A: Ta shì gdngzuòkuáng, yèlh gdngzuò dào lifng-san difn shì jiacháng biànfàn. A: He’s a workaholic. For him to work until two or three in the morning is par for the course. Usage: Functions as predicative. Note: Neutral in meaning.

46.  癞蛤蟆想吃天鹅肉 (癩蛤蟆想吃天鵝肉)  làiháma xifng chc tian’é ròu Translated character by character, 癞蛤蟆想吃天鹅肉 means ‘ugly-toad-want-eat-swan’smeat,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to seek to secure some­ thing requiring a higher social position or greater abilities.’ Its functional translation is ‘to be out of one’s league’ or ‘to (want/try to) punch above one’s weight.’ Example 1: A: B:

他的梦中情人就是现代版的玛丽莲·梦露。 他也不拿镜子照照自己，简直是癞蛤蟆想吃天鹅肉。

A: Ta de mèngzhdng qíngrén jiùshì xiàndàibfn de Mflìlián Mènglù. B: Ta yg bù ná jìngzi zhàozhào zìjh, jifnzhí shì làiháma xifng chc tian’é ròu. A: His dream girl is a modern-day Marilyn Monroe. B: Has he taken a look at himself? He’s out of his league.



Entry 47: 天无绝人之路 39

Example 2: A: B:

听说一千人申请了这个职位，连他也申请了。 癞蛤蟆也想吃天鹅肉，怪不得这么多人申请。

A: Tcngshud yì qian rén shbnqhng le zhègè zhíwèi, lián ta yg shbnqhng le. B: Làiháma yg xifng chc tian’é ròu, guàibude zhème dud rén shbnqhng. A: I heard a thousand people applied for this position. Even he applied. B: Everyone wants/tries to punch above his weight. No wonder so many people applied. Usage: Functions as predicative or used singly. Note: Derogatory in meaning. Normally used with regard to an unattractive man pursuing a pretty woman.

47.  天无绝人之路 (天無絕人之路)  tian wú jué rén zhc lù Translated character by character, 天无绝人之路 means ‘heaven-no-repel-personroad,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘no obstacle is insurmountable.’ Its functional translation is ‘there’s always a way (to get) around things’ or ‘there is always a way out.’ Example 1: A: B:

董事长，我们有救了！银行同意贷款了！ 真是天无绝人之路啊！去，马上准备办手续！

A: Dingshìzhfng, wimen yiu jiù le! Yínháng tóngyì dàikufn le! B: Zhbn shì tian wú jué rén zhc lù a! Qù, mfshàng zhjnbèi bàn shiuxù! A: Chairman, we’ve been saved! The bank has agreed to a loan! A: There really is always a way out! Go, we’ll prepare to process it immediately! Example 2: A:

现在大的就业环境不景气，她投了上百份工作申请都没有回音。然 而，天无绝人之路，就在她完全丧失信心的时候，离她家极近的一 家公司招聘了她。

A: Xiànzài dà de jiùyè huánjìng bù jhngqì, ta tóule shàng bfi fèn gdngzuò shbnqhng ddu méiyiu huíycn. Rán’ér, tian wú jué rén zhc lù, jiù zài ta wánquán sàngshc xìnxcn de shíhòu, lí ta jia jí jìn de yì jia gdngsc zhaopìn le ta. A: Currently, the broader employment situation is weak; she applied for hundreds of jobs and hasn’t heard back from any. But, there’s always a way out. Just when she lost hope, a company right near her home hired her.

40  Entries 48 – 49: 走后门 and 瞎猫碰上死耗子 Usage: Functions as adverbial or used singly. Note: Neutral in meaning.

48.  走后门 (走後門)  ziu hòu mén Translated character by character, 走后门 means ‘walk-back-door,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to use connections or influence to one’s advantage.’ Its functional translation is ‘to get in through the back door.’ Example 1: A: B:

听说小李马上要提副局长了。 又是走后门呗，谁都知道他老爸是市长。

A: Tcngshud Xifo Lh mfshàng yào tí fù júzhfng le. B: Yòu shì ziuhòumén bei. Shéi ddu zhcdao ta lfobà shì shìzhfng. A: I hear that Little Li will soon be promoted to vice-director (of a bureau). B: More back-door dealings. Everyone knows his old man is the mayor. Example 2: A: B:

她工作上没什么本事，但是拉关系、走后门很有一套。 别眼红，你有这资本也可以走啊？

A: Ta gdngzuò shàng méi shénme bgnshì, dànshì la guanxi, ziuhòumén hgn yiu yí tào. B: Bié yfnhóng, nh yiu zhè zcbgn yg kgyh ziu a? A: She is not particularly capable at her job, but she is quite good at establishing connections and using them to her advantage. B: Don’t be jealous. If you had her social capital, wouldn’t you do the same? Usage: Functions mainly as predicate. In Mandarin, 门 is usually retroflexed as ‘ménr.’ Note: Derogatory in meaning.

49.  瞎猫碰上死耗子 (瞎貓碰上死耗子)  xia mao pèng shàng sh hàozi Translated character by character, 瞎猫碰上死耗子 means ‘blind-cat-run-into-deadmouse,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘a total fluke.’ Its functional translation is ‘even a broken clock is right twice a day’, or ‘even a blind squirrel finds a nut once in a while.’



Entry 49: 瞎猫碰上死耗子 41

Example 1:

他对股票一窍不通，就买了一只股票，半个月后那只股票翻了番， 他赚了一大笔钱。 B: 瞎猫碰上死耗子呗。我们怎么没有这么好的运气。 A:

A: Ta duì mfi gjpiào yíqiào-bùtdng, jiù mfile yì zhc gjpiào, bàn gè yuè hòu nà zhc gjpiào fanle fan, ta zhuànle yí dà bh qián. B: Xia mao pèng shàng le sh hàozi bei. Wimen zgnme méiyiu zhème hfo de yùnqi? A: He bought stock without knowing a thing about them. After a half a month, that stock had doubled in price, and he made a pretty penny. B: Even a blind squirrel finds a nut once in a while. Why don’t we have such good luck? Example 2: A: B:

现在工作这么难找，这家伙怎么一下子就找到了？ 瞎猫碰上了死耗子。我听说他给那家公司打电话，误打误撞打进了 董事长办公室，偏巧那天董事长不知道怎么心血来潮，没让秘书 接，而是自己接了电话。董事长一听，说打错了；不过，他那天心 情特别好，竟然让秘书把他的电话转给人事部。人事部及有关部门 以为董事长亲自推荐来的，他跟董事长肯定有很硬的关系，于是面 试手续一路绿灯。这个傻小子稀里糊涂地就找到了工作。真是瞎猫 碰上死耗子了！要不然哪家公司会看上这个傻小子。

A: Xiànzài gdngzuò zhème nán zhfo, zhè jiahuo zgnme yíxiàzi jiù zhfo dào le? B: Xia mao pèng shàng le sh hàozi. Wi tcngshud ta ggi nà jia gdngsc df diànhuà, wùdf-wùzhuàng df jìnle dingshìzhfng bàngdngshì, pianqifo nà tian dingshìzhfng bù zhcdao zgnme xcnxuè-láicháo, méi ràng mìshu jib, érshì zìjh jible diànhuà. Dingshìzhfng yì tcng, shud df cuò le; búguò, ta nà tian xcnqíng tèbié hfo, jìngrán ràng mìshe bf ta de diànhuà zhufn ggi rénshìbù. Rénshìbù jí yiuguan bùmén yhwéi dingshìzhfng qcnzì tucjiàn lái de, ta gbn dingshìzhfng kgndìng yiu hgn yìng de guanxi, yúshì miànshì shiuxù yílù lqdbng. Zhègè shfxifozi xclihútu de jiù zhfo dàole gdngzuò. Zhbnshi xia mao pèng shàng le sh hàozi le! Yàobùrán nf jia gdngsc huì kàn shàng zhègè shfxifozi. A: With employment so hard to find, how did this guy instantly find a job? B: Even a blind squirrel finds a nut once in a while. I heard that when he called that company, he accidentally called the chairman’s office and, as luck would have it, that day, the chairman, by some impulse, wouldn’t let his secretary answer, but rather answered the phone himself. As soon as the chairman picked up, he said he’d misdialed, however, the chairman was in a good mood that day and, surprisingly, had his secretary put this guy through to HR. HR and the other relevant departments thought that the chairman had personally recommended this guy, and that he definitely was close with the chairman,

42  Entry 50: 好汉不吃眼前亏 so they ‘green lighted’ the interview process. This silly man muddled through and found a job. It really is sheer dumb luck! Otherwise, what company would look kindly on this idiot’s application? Usage: Used singly. Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning. Usually the speaker’s words have a sense of envy when he comments on others.

50.  好汉不吃眼前亏 (好漢不吃眼前虧)  hfo hàn bù chc yfn qián kuc Translated character by character, 好汉不吃眼前亏 means ‘good-man-not-eat-eyesfront-loss,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘a wise man knows when to retreat.’ Its functional translation is ‘you have to know when to hold ’em and when to fold ’em,’ or ‘discretion is the better part of valor.’ Example 1: A: B:

我就是不服他们。 算了，好汉不吃眼前亏。想找他们算账以后有的是机会。

A: Wi jiùshì bù fú tamen. B: Suànle, hfohàn bù chc yfnqián kuc. Xifng zhfo tamen suànzhàng yhhòu yiudeshì jchuì. A: I refuse to obey them. B: Forget about it, you have to know when to hold ’em and when to fold ’em. If you want to settle the score with them, there will be plenty of opportunities in the future. Example 2: A:

对方人越来越多，他看情况不妙，好汉不吃眼前亏，说话的语气马 上软了下来。

A: Duìfang rén yuèláiyuè dud, ta kàn qíngkuàng búmiào, hfohàn bù chc yfnqián kuc, shudhuà de yjqì mfshàng rufnle xiàlái. A: As the opposing side grew in number, he realized the situation was dire. As discretion is the better part of valor, his manner of speaking immediately softened. Usage: Used singly. Note: Humorous in meaning.



Entries 51 – 52: 解铃还须系铃人 and 肥水不流外人田 43 51.  解铃还须系铃人 (解鈴還須繫鈴人)  jig líng hái xe jì líng rén

Translated character by character, 解铃还须系铃人 means ‘untie-bell-still-need-tiebell-person,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘the person who created a problem can solve it.’ Its functional translation is ‘he that hides can find.’ Example 1: A: B: A:

她那么不开心，你去劝劝她吧？ 为什么让我去？ 你别装傻，她不开心还不是因为你？解铃还须系铃人，只有你才能 让她高兴起来。

A: Ta nàme bù kaixcn, nh qù quànquàn ta ba? B: Wèishénme ràng wi qù? A: Nh bié zhuangshf, ta bù kaixcn hái búshì ycnwèi nh? Jig líng hái xe jì líng rén, zhhyiu nh cáinéng ràng ta gaoxìng qhlái. A: She’s so unhappy. Can you go talk to her? B: Why me? A: Don’t play dumb. Isn’t she unhappy because of you? He that hides can find. You’re the only one that can cheer her up. Example 2: A:

中美之间的矛盾是美国挑起的，解铃还须系铃人，只要美方道歉， 中方是不会计较的。

A: Zhdng-mgi zhcjian de máodùn shì Mgiguó tifoqh de, jig líng hái xe jì líng rén, zhhyào Mgi fang dàoqiàn, Zhdng fang shì búhuì jìjiào de. A: The conflict between China and the US was stirred up by the US. He that hides can find. If the US apologizes, China won’t dwell on it. Usage: Used singly. Variant: 解铃还需系铃人 Note: Neutral in meaning.

52.  肥水不流外人田 (肥水不流外人田)  féi shuh bù liú wài rén tián Translated character by character, 肥水不流外人田 means ‘rich-water-not-flowothers’-field,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘one does not allow benefits created by one’s own work to accrue to others.’

44  Entry 53: 心有余而力不足 Example 1:

为什么有的公司合同上规定离开那个公司后两年内不能进入同一行 业的其他公司工作？ B: 是为了肥水不流外人田，同行是冤家。 A:

A: Wèishénme yiude gdngsc hétong shàng gucdìng líkai nàgè gdngsc hòu lifng nián nèi bùnéng jìnrù tóngyc hángyè de qíta gdngsc gdngzuò? B: Shì wèile féishuh bù liú wàirén tián, tóngháng shì yuanjia. A: Why do some companies’ employment contracts stipulate that an employee cannot join another company in the same field within two years of having left? B: It’s in order not to allow others to benefit from their investment in the employee. Companies in the same field are competitors. Example 2: A:

博彩业是地方政府税收的重要来源。有的州赌博不合法，于是人们 到附近的州去赌。因此不少州为了增加税收，防止肥水流入外人 田，正在努力使赌博合法化。

A: Bócfiyè shì dìfang zhèngfj shuìshdu de zhòngyào láiyuán. Yiude zhdu djbó bù héff, yúshì rénmen dào fùjìn de zhdu qù dj. Ycnch bùshfo zhdu wèile zbngjia shuìshdu, fángzhh féishuh liúrù wàirén tián, zhèngzài njlì shh djbó héffhuà. A: The gaming industry is an important source of tax revenue for local governments. Gambling is illegal in some states and, as a result, people travel to nearby states to gamble. Because of this, in order to increase tax revenues and not allow others to benefit from their own residents, many states are currently working hard to legalize gambling. Usage: Used singly. Note: Humorous or neutral in meaning.

53.  心有余而力不足 (心有餘而力不足)  xcn yiu yú ér lì bù zú Translated character by character, 心有余而力不足 means ‘heart-have-excess-butstrength-not-enough,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to want to do something but lack the strength.’ Its functional translation is ‘to run out of steam.’ Example 1: A:

总统刚上台的时候高调宣称要进行医疗制度改革，但是这绝非易 事。一年之后总统就显得心有余而力不足了。



Entry 54: 不分青红皂白 45

A: Zingting gang shàngtái de shíhòu gaodiào xuanchbng yào jìnxíng ycliáo zhìdù gfigé, dànshì zhè juéfbi yìshì. Yc nián zhchòu zingting jiù xifnde xcn yiuyú ér lì bùzú le. A: When the president first took office, he grandly proclaimed that he would carry out a reform of the healthcare system, but this was no easy task. One year later, the president appears to be running out of steam. Example 2: A:

他年青的时候每天只睡五个小时，其它时间都工作。但是四十岁以 后他感到心有余而力不足了。

A: Ta niánqcng de shíhòu mgitian zhh shuì wj gè xifoshí, qíta shíjian ddu gdngzuò. Dànshì sìshí suì yhhòu ta gfndào xcn yiuyú ér lì bùzú le. A: When he was young, he would sleep only five hours a night, working the rest of the time. But, after he turned forty years old, he feels he’s running out of stream. Usage: Functions as predicative or predicate. It is usually used after ‘感到’ or ‘显得.’ Note: Neutral in meaning.

54.  不分青红皂白 (不分青紅皂白)  bù fbn qcng hóng zào bái Translated character by character, 不分青红皂白 means ‘not-distinguish-cyan-redblack-white,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘indiscriminate.’ Example 1: A:

只要他看到不满意的地方，不分青红皂白，就把相关人批评一顿。

A: Zhhyào ta kàn dào bù mfnyì de dìfang, bù fbn qcng hóng zào bái, jiù bf xiangguan rén pcpíng yí dùn. A: If he sees something that doesn’t please him, he indiscriminately chastises the relevant people. Example 2: A:

闯进来一群蒙面人，不问青红皂白，见人就打，见东西就砸。

A: Chufng jìnlái yì qún méngmiàn rén, bú wèn qcng hóng zào bái, jiàn rén jiù df, jiàn ddngxi jiù zá. A: A group of masked men rushed in, indiscriminately hitting anyone they saw and breaking anything they saw. Usage: Functions as adverbial or predicate. Variant: 不问青红皂白 Note: Derogatory in meaning.

46  Entries 55 – 56: 睁一只眼，闭一只眼 and 破罐子破摔 55.  睁一只眼，闭一只眼 (睜一隻眼，閉一隻眼)  zhbng yì zhc yfn, bì yì zhc yfn Translated character by character, 睁一只眼，闭一只眼 means ‘open-one-MW-eye, shut-one-MW-eye,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘with one eye closed.’ Its functional translation is ‘to turn a blind eye.’ Example 1: A:

因为路上的车不多，所以警察对于超速现象睁一只眼，闭一只眼。

A: Ycnwèi lùshang de chb bù dud, suiyh jhngchá duìyú chaosù xiànxiàng zhbng yì zhc yfn, bì yì zhc yfn. A: Because there weren’t many cars on the road, the police turned a blind eye to speeding. Example 2: A: B:

他嘴上总是说要严厉反腐败。 是啊，可是对他自己的家属和下属的违法行为却睁一只眼，闭一只眼。

A: Ta zuhshang zingshì shud yào yánlì ffn fjbài. B: Shì a, kgshì duì ta zìjh de jiashj hé xiàshj de wéiff xíngwéi què zhbng yì zhc yfn, bì yì zhc yfn. A: He’s always saying we need to stringently fight corruption. B: Yes, but he actually turns a blind eye to the illegal actions of his own family and inferiors. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

56.  破罐子破摔 (破罐子破摔)  pò guànzi pò shuai Translated character by character, 破罐子破摔 means ‘broken-jar-neglected-smash,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to write oneself off as hopeless and act recklessly.’ Its functional translation is ‘go into a tailspin.’ It can also mean ‘a vicious cycle.’ Example 1: A: B:

他出狱以后好好儿干了几个月，现在又游手好闲了。 得注意了，防止他破罐子破摔，应该尽力帮助他。

A: Ta cheyù yhhòu hfohaor gànle jhgè yuè, xiànzài yòu yóushiu-hàoxián le. B: Dgi zhùyì le, fángzhh ta pò guànzi pò shuai, ycnggai jìnlì bangzhù ta.



Entry 57: 种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆 47

A: For a few months after he got out of jail, he kept busy. Now he’s just lolling around. B: You need to be careful. You should do your best to help him in order to prevent his going into a tailspin. Example 2: A: B:

两个月内被两个男朋友抛弃了，现在她好像无所谓了。 她那是破罐子破摔，咳，都是那两个男人害的。

A: Lifng gè yuè nèi bèi lifng gè nánpéngyiu paoqì le, xiànzài ta hfoxiàng wúsuiwèi le. B: Ta nà shì pò guànzi pò shuai, hài, ddushi nà lifng gè nánrén hài de. A: Two boyfriends have left her within the last two months. She seems desensitized now. B: It’s a vicious cycle. It’s all those two men’s fault. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

57.  种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆 (種瓜得瓜，種豆得豆)  zhòng gua dé gua, zhòng dòu dé dòu Translated character by character, 种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆 means ‘plant-melon-getmelon, sow-bean-get-bean,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘one’s fortunes are determined by one’s actions.’ Its functional translation is ‘you reap what you sow.’ Example 1: A: B:

他怎么懂这么多稀奇古怪的东西？ 人家工作之余，总是坚持读书、看报、上网，所以懂。你整天抽 烟、喝酒、打麻将，怎么能懂这些高深的知识？种瓜得瓜，种豆得 豆嘛。

A: Ta zgnme ding zhème dud xcqí-gjguài de ddngxi? B: Rénjia gdngzuò zhcyú, zingshì jianchí dúshe, kàn bào, shàngwfng, suiyh ding. Nh zhgngtian chduyan, hbjij, df májiàng, zgnme néng ding zhèxib gaoshbn de zhcshi? Zhòng gua dé gua, zhòng dòu dé dòu ma. A: How does he understand so many whimsical things? B: Because he’s always reading books, reading newspapers, and surfing the Internet in his spare time. You spend all of your time smoking, drinking, and playing Mahjong. How would you understand these profound things? You reap what you sow.

48  Entry 58: 萝卜白菜，各有所爱 Example 2: A:

教师的责任重大，因为他们的一举一动都对学生产生巨大的影响， 所谓种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。

A: Jiàoshc de zérèn zhòngdà, ycnwèi tamen de yìjj-yídòng ddu duì xuéshbng chfnshbng jùdà de yhngxifng, suiwèi zhòng gua dé gua, zhòng dòu dé dòu. A: A teacher’s responsibility is enormous, because their every move has a huge influence on their students. As they say, you reap what you sow. Usage: Used singly. Note: Neutral in meaning.

58.  萝卜白菜，各有所爱 (蘿蔔白菜，各有所愛)  luóbo báicài, gè yiu sui ài Translated character by character, 萝卜白菜，各有所爱 means ‘turnip-cabbage, each-have-what-loves,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘different people like different things.’ Its functional translation is ‘there’s no accounting for taste,’ or ‘different strokes for different folks.’ Example 1: A: B:

她这身打扮，跟斑马似的。 萝卜白菜，各有所爱。只要她自己喜欢就好。

A: Ta zhè shbn dfbàn, gbn banmf shìde. B: Luóbo báicài, gè yiu sui ài. Zhhyào ta zìjh xhhuan jiù hfo. A: Made up like that, she looks like a zebra. B: Different strokes for different folks. As long as she likes it, it’s fine. Example 2: A:

西方人喜欢吃半生不熟的牛肉，北京人喜欢吃臭豆腐，萝卜白菜， 各有所爱。

A: Xcfangrén xhhuan chc bànshbng-bùshú de niúròu, Bgijcngrén xhhuan chc chòudòufu, luóbo báicài, gè yiu sui ài. A: Westerners like to eat half-raw, rare beef. Beijingers like to eat smelly tofu. There’s no accounting for taste. Usage: Used singly. Variant: 萝卜青菜，各有所爱 Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.



Entries 59 – 60: 狗嘴里吐不出象牙 and 三天打鱼，两天晒网 49 59.  狗嘴里吐不出象牙 (狗嘴裏吐不出象牙)  giu zuh lh tj bù che xiàng yá

Translated character by character, 狗嘴里吐不出象牙 means ‘dog-mouth-inside-spitnot-out-elephant-tusk,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘you won’t get anything clean out of a filthy mouth.’ Its functional translation is ‘what can you expect from a hog but a grunt?’ Example 1: A: B:

他说你因为喝酒被警察抓走了。 狗嘴里吐不出象牙，我那是帮助警察说明情况，我根本没喝酒。

A: Ta shud nh ycnwèi hbjij bèi jhngchá zhua ziu le. B: Giu zuh li tj bù che xiàngyá. Wi nà shì bangzhù jhngchá shudmíng qíngkuàng, wi gbnbgn méi hbjij. A: He said that you were picked up by the police because you were drinking. B: What can you expect from a hog but a grunt? What I was doing was helping explain the situation to the police. I actually wasn’t drinking. Example 2: A: B:

他在背后常常说别人的坏话。 他就是那种人，狗嘴里吐不出象牙，不说别人坏话就活不了。

A: Ta zài bèihòu chángcháng shud biérén de huàihuà. B: Ta jiùshì nà zhing rén, giu zuh li tj bù che xiàngyá, bù shud biérén huàihuà jiù huó bùlifo. A: He often speaks ill of others behind their backs. B: That’s the kind of person he is; what can you expect from a hog but a grunt? He would die if he couldn’t speak ill of others. Usage: Used singly. Variant: 狗嘴吐不出象牙 Note: Derogatory and humorous in meaning.

60.  三天打鱼，两天晒网 (三天打魚，兩天曬網)  san tian df yú, lifng tian shài wfng Translated character by character, 三天打鱼，两天晒网 means ‘three-days-catchfish, two-days-dry-net,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to lack perseverance and continuity.’ Its functional translation is ‘to blow hot and cold.’

50  Entry 61: 一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳 Example 1: A:

他做事情没有毅力，三天打鱼，两天晒网。

A: Ta zuò shìqing méiyiu yìlì, san tian df yú, lifng tian shài wfng. A: He doesn’t have any perseverance. He blows hot and cold. Example 2: A:

练钢琴需要耐心，要天天练，不能三天打鱼，两天晒网。

A: Liàn gangqín xeyào nàixcn, yào tiantian liàn, bùnéng san tian df yú, lifng tian shài wfng. A: Learning to play the piano requires endurance. You must practice every day; you can’t blow hot and cold. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

61.  一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳 (一朝被蛇咬，

十年怕井繩)  yì zhao bèi shé yfo, shí nián pà jhng shéng Translated character by character, 一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳 means ‘once-by-snakebitten, ten-years-fear-well-rope,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to avoid or be scared of something after a bad experience or setback.’ Its functional translation is ‘once bitten, twice shy.’ Example 1: A:

几年前他几乎把所有的钱都投进股票市场，结果几乎赔光了。现在 他再也不敢进入股市了，一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。

A: Jh nián qián ta jche bf suiyiu de qián ddu tóujìn gjpiào shìchfng, jiégui jche péi guang le. Xiànzài ta zài yg bùgfn jìnrù gjshì le, yì zhao bèi shé yfo, shí nián pà jhngshéng. A: A few years ago, he almost put all of his money into the stock market and he almost lost his shirt. Now he doesn’t dare invest in stocks; once bitten, twice shy. Example 2: A: B:

你怎么看见大狗就躲着走啊？ 我小时候挨过狗咬，现在看见狗就哆嗦，一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。

A: Nh zgnme kànjiàn dà giu jiù duizhe ziu a? B: Wi xifoshíhòu áiguò giu yfo, xiànzài kànjiàn giu jiù dudsuo, yì zhao bèi shé yfo, shí nián pà jhngshéng.



Entry 62: 英雄难过美人关 51

A: Why did you avoid the big dog when you saw it? B: When I was little, I was bitten by a dog. Now when I see a dog I tremble; once bitten, twice shy. Usage: Used singly. Note: Neutral in meaning.

62.  英雄难过美人关 (英雄難過美人關)  ycngxióng nán guò mgirén guan Translated character by character, 英雄难过美人关 means ‘hero-difficult-go throughbeautiful-person-pass.’ Its functional translation is ‘no man can resist the charms of a beautiful woman.’ Example 1: A: B:

前总统在经济上的贡献非常伟大，可是婚外恋毁了他的名声。 英雄难过美人关，总统也不例外。

A: Qián zingting zài jcngjì shàng de gòngxiàn fbicháng wgidà, kgshì henwàiliàn huhle ta de míngshbng. B: Ycngxióng nán guò mgirén guan, zingting yg bú lìwài. A: The former president had great success with the economy, but his extramarital affairs sullied his reputation. B: No man can resist the charms of a beautiful woman, not even the president. Example 2: A: B:

老板，我们的谈判对手非常强硬啊！寸步不让。 那好吧，明天换一批人去谈，派年轻漂亮的去，英雄难过美人关， 或许对方会让一些步。

A: Lfobfn, wimen de tánpàn duìshiu fbicháng qiángyìng a! Cùn bù bú ràng. B: Nà hfo ba, míngtian huàn yì pc rén qù tán, pài niánqcng piàoliang de qù, ycngxióng nán guò mgirén guan, huòxj duìfang huì ràng yìxib bù. A: Boss, our negotiation counterpart is extraordinarily tough! He won’t give an inch! B: Alright. Tomorrow we’ll sub a new group of people in to negotiate. We will send a pretty, young woman. No man can resist the charms of a beautiful woman; maybe our counterpart will give a little. Usage: Used singly. Note: Neutral or slightly derogatory in meaning.

52  Entries 63 – 64: 刀子嘴，豆腐心 and 一失足成千古恨 63.  刀子嘴，豆腐心 (刀子嘴，豆腐心)  daozi zuh, dòufu xcn Translated character by character, 刀子嘴，豆腐心 means ‘knife-mouth, tofu-heart,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to seem hard and intimidating, but be kind at heart.’ Its functional translation is ‘to be a softie at heart,’ or ‘someone’s bark is worse than their bite.’ Example 1: A: B:

她说话也太严厉了，真让人难以接受。 不要太在意，她一向刀子嘴，豆腐心。人挺好的，就是说话不太讲 究方式。

A: Ta shudhuà yg tài yánlì le, zhbn ràng rén nányh jibshòu. B: Búyào tài zàiyì, ta yíxiàng daozi zuh, dòufu xcn. Rén thng hfo de, jiùshì shudhuà bú tài jifngjiu fangshì. A: She speaks too severely; it makes people reluctant to comply. B: Don’t let it bother you, her bark is always worse than her bite. She’s a good person, she just isn’t too discerning in her manner of speech. Example 2: A:

他爸爸是典型的刀子嘴，豆腐心，不会真正伤人。

A: Ta bàba shì difnxíng de daozi zuh, dòufu xcn, búhuì zhbnzhèng shang rén. A: His father is a typical softie. He couldn’t really hurt a person. Usage: Functions as predicate or predicative. Note: Humorous in meaning.

64.  一失足成千古恨 (一失足成千古恨)  yì shc zú chéng qian gj hèn Translated character by character, 一失足成千古恨 means ‘one-lost-step-become-alltime-regret,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘the results of some mistakes cannot be undone.’ Its functional translation is ‘one false step brings everlasting grief.’ Example 1: A: B:

我的同学中有人抽大麻。 儿子，你可千万别学他们。这东西沾上就上瘾，一失足成千古恨 啊！



Entry 65: 哪壶不开提哪壶 53

A: Wide tóngxué zhdng yiu rén chdu dàmá. B: érzi, nh kg qianwàn bié xué tamen. Zhè ddngxi zhan shàng jiù shàngyhn, yì shczú chéng qiangj hèn a! A: Some of my classmates smoke marijuana. B: Son, whatever you do, don’t follow their example. If you try it you’ll get addicted. One false step brings everlasting grief. Example 2:

我就要这样做下去！ B: 我警告你，你现在是站在悬崖边上，再不回头就一失足成千古恨 了。 A:

A: Wi jiùyào zhèyàng zuò xiàqù! B: Wi jhnggào nh, nh xiànzài shì zhàn zài xuányá bian shàng, zài bù huítóu jiù yì shczú chéng qiangj hèn le. A: I’m just going to do it this way. B: I’m warning you, you’re standing on the brink now and if you don’t step back, you’ll make a fatal mistake. Usage: Used singly. Note: Neutral in meaning.

65.  哪壶不开提哪壶 (哪壺不開提哪壺)  nf hú bù kai tí nf hú Translated character by character, 哪壶不开提哪壶 means ‘which-pot-not-boilingpick up-which-pot,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to intentionally draw attention to someone’s faults.’ Its functional translation is ‘rub someone’s nose in it.’ Example 1: A: B:

你路考过了没有？ 你怎么哪壶不开提哪壶？没看见我是坐着公交车回来的吗？

A: Nh lùkfo guòle méiyiu? B: Nh zgnme nf hú bù kai tí nf hú? Méi kànjiàn wi shì zuòzhe gdnggòngqìchb huílái de ma? A: Have you taken your driving test? B: Why do you have to rub my nose in it? Didn’t you see I took the bus back?

54  Entry 66: 炒鱿鱼 Example 2: A: B: A:

你为什么哪壶不开提哪壶？ 我怎么了？ 刚才你跟那两个人聊天，他们俩明明是大胖子，你却一个劲儿地说 肥胖的坏处。你这不是存心让他们难堪吗？

A: Nh wèishénme nf hú bù kai tí nf hú? B: Wi zgnme le? A: Gangcái nh gbn nà lifng gè rén liáotian, tamen míngmíng shì dà pàngzi, nh què yígèjìnr de shud féipàng de huàichu. Nh zhè búshì cúnxcn ràng tamen nánkan ma? A: Why did you rub their noses in it? B: What did I do? A: Just now, when you were talking to those two people; they were clearly obese, and you were constantly talking about the disadvantages of being fat. Were you deliberately trying to embarrass them? Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning.

66.  炒鱿鱼 (炒魷魚)  chfo yóu yú Translated character by character, 炒鱿鱼 means ‘fry-squid’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to fire someone.’ Its functional translation is ‘to give someone a pink slip,’ or ‘to can someone.’ Example 1: A: B:

怎么这么不开心？ 被炒鱿鱼了，这是半年以来的第二次。

A: Zgnme zhème bù kaixcn? B: Bèi chfo yóuyú le, zhè shì bànnián yhlái de dì-èr cì. A: Why are you so unhappy? B: I got canned. This is the second time in the last half year. Example 2: A:

球队成绩不好，老板的第一个反应就是炒主教练的鱿鱼。

A: Qiúduì chéngjì bùhfo, lfobfn de dì-yc gè ffnyìng jiùshì chfo zhjjiàoliàn de yóuyú. A: The boss’s first reaction to the team’s poor record was to give the head coach a pink slip.



Entry 67: 人往高处走，水往低处流 55

Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.

67.  人往高处走，水往低处流 (人往高處走，

水往低處流)  rén wfng gao chù ziu, shuh wfng dc chù liú Translated character by character, 人往高处走，水往低处流 means ‘people-towardshigh-place-move, water-towards-low-place-flow,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘it is in man’s nature to strive for better.’ Example 1:

贵公司开出的条件的确非常诱人，只是我与现在的公司还有两年的 合同，而且现在的公司对我也很不错。 B: 这个我知道，不过，人往高处走，水往低处流。我相信，你现在的 公司对你的行为一定会理解的。

A:

A: Guì gdngsc kaiche de tiáojiàn díquè fbicháng yòurén, zhhshì wi yj xiànzài de gdngsc hái yiu lifng nián de hétóng, érqig xiànzài de gdngsc duì wi yg hgn búcuò. B: Zhègè wi zhcdao, búguò, rén wfng gaochù ziu, shuh wfng dcchù liú. Wi xiangxìn, nh xiànzài de gdngsc duì nhde xíngwéi yídìng huì lhjig de. A: Your company’s terms of employment are really extremely attractive. It’s only that I still have two years on my contract with the company I’m with now. Also, this company I am with now is pretty good to me too. B: I know that, but it’s in man’s nature to strive for better. I believe the company you are with would definitely understand your actions. Example 2: A:

人往高处走，水往低处流。清华、北大的毕业生不是出了国，就是 留在北京或到上海这样的大城市工作，几乎没有人去小城市，更不 用说农村了。

A: Rén wfng gaochù ziu, shuh wfng dcchù liú. Qcnghuá, Bgidà de bìyèshbng búshì chele guó, jiùshì liú zài Bgijcng huò dào Shànghfi zhèyàng de dà chéngshì gdngzuò, jche méiyiu rén qù xifo chéngshì, gèngbúyòngshud nóngcen le. A: It is in man’s nature to strive for better. If graduates of Tsinghua and Beida don’t leave the country, they stay in large cities like Beijing and Shanghai. Almost none of them go to small cities, to say nothing of the countryside. Usage: Used singly. Note: Complimentary in meaning.

56  Entries 68 – 69: 说得比唱得好听 and 强扭的瓜不甜 68.  说得比唱得好听 (說的比唱的好聽)  shud de bh chàng de hfo tcng Translated character by character, 说得比唱得好听 means ‘speak-relative to-singsound-pleasant,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to speak eloquently but untruthfully.’ Example 1: A: B:

你听我说，是这么一回事。 我再也不信你的话了。你这个大骗子，说得比唱得都好听。

A: Nh tcng wi shud, shì zhème yìhuíshì. B: Wi zài yg bú xìn nhde huà le. Nh zhègè dà piànzi, shud de bh chàng de ddu hfotcng. A: Listen to me. This is how it is. B: I’m not believing you anymore. You’re such a liar. It sounds good, but it’s all empty words. Example 2: A:

他是个夸夸其谈的家伙，说得比唱得好听，就是不干实事。

A: Ta shì gè kuakua-qítán de jiahuo, shud de bh chàng de hfotcng, jiùshì bú gàn shíshì. A: He’s the kind of guy who talks big. He speaks eloquently, but it’s all empty words, and he doesn’t do anything. Usage: Functions as predicate. Variant: 说得比唱得还好听 Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

69.  强扭的瓜不甜 (強扭的瓜不甜)  qiáng nij de gua bù tián Translated character by character, 强扭的瓜不甜 means ‘forcibly-pick-ed-melon-notsweet,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘forcing an issue when the time is not right will yield undesirable results.’ Its functional translation is ‘you can lead a horse to water but you can’t make him drink.’ Example 1: A: B:

我一定要把他们俩的婚事给撮合成。 算了吧，强扭的瓜不甜。孩子们都不同意，你就省省心吧。

A: Wi yídìng yào bf tamen lif de henshì ggi cudhé chéng. B: Suànle ba, qiáng nij de gua bù tián. Háizhmen ddu bù tóngyì, nh jiù shgngshgng xcn ba.



Entry 70: 老掉牙 57

A: I definitely want to set those two up to marry each other. B: Forget about it. You can lead a horse to water, but you can’t make him drink. They aren’t willing to get married. Just save your breath. Example 2: A: B:

看在您的面子上，这笔生意我做了。 别这样，强扭的瓜不甜，如果你心里不痛快，那就算了。

A: Kàn zài nín de miànzi shàng, zhè bh shbngyì wi zuò le. B: Bié zhèyàng, qiáng nij de gua bù tián, rúgui nh xcnlh bú tòngkuài, nà jiù suàn le. A: For the sake of your reputation, I’ll do this business deal. B: Don’t do that. You can lead a horse to water, but you can’t make him drink. If you’re not happy about it, just forget it. Usage: Used singly. Variant: 强拗的瓜不甜 (less common) Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.

70.  老掉牙 (老掉牙)  lfo diào yá Translated character by character, 老掉牙 means ‘old-fall-out-teeth’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘out-of-date.’ Its functional translation is ‘tired old.’ Example 1:

我给你们讲一个故事。从前有一个美丽但是恶毒的王后，她有一面 镜子…… B: 别讲了，这个老掉牙的故事我都能倒着讲了，不就是《白雪公主》 的故事吗？

A:

A: Wi ggi nhmen jifng yígè gùshi. Cóngqián yiu yígè mgilì dànshì èdú de wánghòu, ta yiu yí miàn jìngzi …… B: Bié jifng le, zhègè lfodiàoyá de gùshi wi ddu néng dàozhe jifng le, bú jiù shì “Báixug gdngzhj” de gùshi ma? A: I’ll tell you a story. There once was a beautiful but evil queen. She had a mirror  .  .  . B: Stop. I know that tired old story forwards and backwards. It’s Snow White, right? Example 2: A:

他至今还开着一辆二十世纪九十年代的老掉牙的福特车。

A: Ta zhìjcn hái kaizhe yí liàng èrshí shìjì jijshí niándài de lfodiàoyá de Fútè chb. A: To this day, he still drives a tired old Ford from the 90s.

58  Entry 71: 搬起石头砸自己的脚 Usage: Functions as attributive. Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning.

71.  搬起石头砸自己的脚 (搬起石頭砸自己的腳)  ban qh shítou zá zìjh de jifo Translated character by character, 搬起石头砸自己的脚 means ‘lift-up-stone-smashown-foot,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to fall into a pit of one’s own digging.’ Its functional translation is ‘to shoot oneself in the foot.’ Example 1:

很多年前她伙同很多人制定了一项规定，57岁可以留任高管，而58 岁必须离任。当时她就是为了把一名58岁的高管赶下台。 B: 现在好了，她自己也58岁了，别人又把这条规定拿出来对付她了， 她没想到搬起的石头砸了自己的脚。 A:

A: Hgndud nián qián ta huitóng hgndud rén zhìdìngle yí xiàng gucdìng, 57 suì kgyh liúrèn gaogufn, ér 58 suì bìxe lírèn. Dangshí ta jiùshì wèile bf yì míng 58 suì de gaogufn gfn xià tái. B: Xiànzài hfo le, ta zìjh yg 58 suì le, biérén yòu bf zhè tiáo gucdìng ná chelai duìfù ta le, ta méi xifngdao ban qh de shítou zále zìjh de jifo. A: Many years ago, she colluded with many others in drawing up a rule that a 57-year-old could retain their spot in the top brass, but at 58, one had to leave one’s post. At the time, she did this to force a 58-year-old supervisor to step down. B: It’s funny to see that, now that she’s 58 years old herself, others have used this rule to deal with her. She didn’t realize that she was shooting herself in the foot. Example 2: A:

美国一味地促使美元贬值，结果搬起石头砸自己的脚，国内物价飞 涨，通货膨胀出现了。

A: Mgiguó yíwèi de cùshh Mgiyuán bifnzhí, jiégui ban qh shítou zá zìjh de jifo, guónèi wùjià fbizhfng, tdnghuòpéngzhàng chexiàn le. A: America blindly pushed for the devaluation of the dollar. In the end, they shot themselves in the foot, as prices in domestic markets soared and inflation occurred. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning.



Entries 72 – 73: 卖关子 and 一分钱一分货 59 72.  卖关子 (賣關子)  mài guanzi

Translated character by character, 卖关子 means ‘sell-cliff-hanger,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to stop telling a story at its climax.’ Its functional translation is ‘to leave someone hanging.’ Example 1: A: B: A:

那个人是谁？你快点儿告诉我！ 她啊，你肯定认识。你再猜猜？ 哎呀，你就别卖关子了！快点儿说吧。

A: Nàgè rén shì shéi? Nh kuàidifnr gàosù wi! B: Ta a, nh kgndìng rènshí. Nh zài caicai? A: kiya, nh jiù bié màiguanzi le! Kuàidifnr shud ba. A: Who is that? Tell me now! B: Her? You definitely know her. Take another guess. A: Ugh, don’t leave me hanging! Tell me quickly. Example 2: A:

大家都听得津津有味的时候，他卖了一个关子，忽然停了下来。

A: Dàjia ddu tcng de jcnjcn-yiuwèi de shíhòu, ta màile yígè guanzi, herán tíngle xiàlái. A: When everyone was listening intently, he stopped abruptly, leaving them hanging. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Neutral in meaning.

73.  一分钱一分货 (一分錢一分貨)  yc fèn qián yc fèn huò Translated character by character, 一分钱一分货 means ‘one-cent-money-one-centgoods,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘one penny buys a penny’s worth of something.’ Its functional translation is ‘you get what you pay for.’ Example 1: A: B:

你这家店的东西比别的家的贵很多啊？ 小姐，您是识货的人，一分钱一分货。我这家店的保证是正品，别 人家的我就不好意思说了。

A: Nh zhè jia diàn de ddngxi bh biéde jia de guì hgn dud a? B: Xifojig, nín shì shí huò de rén, yc fèn qián yc fèn huò. Wi zhè jia diàn de bfozhèng shì zhèngphn, biérén jia de wi jiù bùhfoyìsc shud le.

60  Entry 74: 九牛二虎之力 A: Your store’s wares are much more expensive than those of other stores, aren’t they? B: Miss, you’re a discerning woman. You get what you pay for. At this store, you’re guaranteed authentic goods; I can’t say that about other people’s stores. Example 2: A: B:

这个破包，没用几次，肩带就断了。 在哪儿买的？在小摊儿上买的吧？一分钱一分货，以后还得买名 牌。

A: Zhègè pò bao, méi yòng jh cì, jiandài jiù duàn le. B: Zài nfr mfi de? Zài xifotanr shàng mfi de ba? Yc fèn qián yc fèn huò, yhhòu hái dgi mfi míngpái. A: I haven’t used this bag more than a few times and the shoulder strap just broke. B: Where’d you buy it? You bought it at the little cart, right? You get what you pay for. In the future, you need to buy name brands. Usage: Used singly. Note: Neutral in meaning.

74.  九牛二虎之力 (九牛二虎之力)  jij niú èr hj zhc lì Translated character by character, 九牛二虎之力 means ‘nine-cows-two-tigers-’sstrength,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘an enormous effort.’ Its functional translation is ‘a Herculean effort.’ Example 1: A:

她费尽九牛二虎之力才请到这么多名人来捧场。

A: Ta fèi jìn jij niú èr hj zhc lì cái qhng dào zhème dud míngrén lái pgngchfng. A: Through Herculean effort, she got this many famous people to come for support. Example 2: A:

他费了九牛二虎之力，终于把汽车修好了。

A: Ta fèile jij niú èr hj zhc lì, zhdngyú bf qìchb xie hfo le. A: He put in a Herculean effort and finally fixed his car. Usage: Functions as object and usually used after ‘费了.’ Note: Neutral in meaning.



Entries 75 – 76: 敬酒不吃吃罚酒 and 躲得过初一，躲不过十五 61 75.  敬酒不吃吃罚酒 (敬酒不吃吃罰酒)  jìng jij bù chc chc fá jij

Translated character by character, 敬酒不吃吃罚酒 means ‘toast-wine-not-drinkdrink-forfeit-wine,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to acquiesce to something after having refused someone’s first overture.’ Example 1: A: B: A:

你同意不同意。 不同意，就是不同意！ 你不要敬酒不吃吃罚酒！

A: Nh tóngyì bù tóngyì. B: Bù tóngyì, jiùshì bù tóngyì! A: Nh búyào jìng jij bù chc chc fá jij! A: Do you agree? B: No means no! A: Don’t make me make you. Example 2: A: B:

老板，他还是不来。 我们这么给他面子他都不来，看来他是敬酒不吃吃罚酒。

A: Lfobfn, ta háishì bú lái. B: Wimen zhème ggi ta miànzi ta ddu bù lái, kànlái ta shì jìng jij bù chc chc fá jij. A: Boss, he’s still not coming. B: We give him face and he doesn’t come? It seems he wants to do this the hard way. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Derogatory in meaning. Carries a threatening connotation in dialogue with others. Be discerning with its use.

76.  躲得过初一，躲不过十五 (躲得過初一，

躲不過十五)  dui de guò che-yc, dui bù guò shíwj Translated character by character, 躲得过初一，躲不过十五 means ‘avoid-able-first of the month-avoid-not-able-the fifteenth,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘one may get off today, but not necessarily tomorrow.’ Its functional translation is ‘you can’t avoid something forever,’ or ‘you can’t keep something up forever.’

62  Entry 77: 吃香的，喝辣的 Example 1: A: B:

这次会议上，我不想提那件事了。 老赵，躲得过初一，躲不过十五，早晚得说啊。

A: Zhècì huìyì shàng, wi bù xifng tí nà jiàn shì le. B: Lfo Zhào, dui de guò che-yc, dui bú guò shíwj, zfowfn dgi shud a. A: I don’t want to bring that issue up in this meeting. B: Old Zhao, you can’t avoid it forever. Sooner or later you’ll have to bring it up. Example 2: A: B:

政府用增加支出的方式躲过了这次经济危机。 躲得过初一，躲不过十五，生产上不去，以后的问题只能是越来越 麻烦。

A: Zhèngfj yòng zbngjia zhcche de fangshì duiguòle zhècì jcngjì wbijc. B: Dui de guò che-yc, dui bú guò shíwj, shbngchfn shàng bú qù, yhhòu de wènti zhhnéng shì yuèláiyuè máfan. A: The government weathered this economic crisis by increasing expenditures. B: They can’t keep this up forever. If production doesn’t increase, the problem will only get worse. Usage: Used singly. Note: Neutral in meaning. 初一 is the first day of the Chinese lunar month, which also means a new moon, whereas 十五 is the fifteenth day and a full moon. 初一 and 十五 here stand for the two extremes of one thing, implying that it encompasses all possibilities.

77.  吃香的，喝辣的 (吃香的，喝辣的)  chc xiang de, hb là de Translated character by character, 吃香的，喝辣的 means ‘eat-delicious-(food)-drinkspicy-(drinks),’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to eat and drink well.’ Its functional translation is ‘to live in the lap of luxury.’ Example 1: A: B: A:

你看她多有福气？ 怎么有福气？ 嫁个又有钱又体贴的好老公，不用工作，吃香的，喝辣的，要什么 有什么。多好！

A: Nh kàn ta dud yiu fúqì? B: Zgnme yiu fúqì?



Entry 78: 小儿科 63

A: Jià gè yòu yiu qián yòu thtib de hfo lfogdng, búyòng gdngzuò, chc xiang de, hb là de, yào shénme yiu shénme. Dud hfo! A: Look how fortunate she is. B: How is she fortunate? A: She married a rich and considerate husband. She doesn’t need to work, she lives in the lap of luxury, and she has everything she wants. How wonderful! Example 2: A:

好好跟着我干，保管你吃香的喝辣的。

A: Hfohao gbnzhe wi gàn, bfogufn nh chc xiang de hb là de. A: Stick with me and I’ll keep you in the lap of luxury. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Neutral in meaning.

78.  小儿科 (小兒科)  xifo ér kb Translated character by character, 小儿科 means ‘small-child-department (of a hospital),’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘pediatrics department.’ Its functional translation is ‘child’s play’ or ‘easy.’ Example 1: A: B:

今天我学会了怎么群发电子邮件。 就这个啊？太小儿科了。

A: Jcntian wi xué huì le zgnme qúnfa diànzh yóujiàn. B: Jiù zhègè a? Tài xifo’érkb le. A: I learned how to send group emails today. B: That’s it? That’s child’s play. Example 2: A: B:

经理准备让小白去前台工作。 天啊？让一个堂堂的北大毕业生去干这种小儿科的工作？经理怎么 了？

A: Jcnglh zhjnbèi ràng Xifo Bái qù qiántái gdngzuò. B: Tian a? Ràng yígè tángtáng de Bgidà bìyèshbng qù gàn zhèzhing xifo’érkb de gdngzuò? Jcnglh zgnme le? A: The manager is preparing to send Xiao Bai to work at the front desk. B: My god! Sending a dignified Peking University graduate student to do such a simple job? What is the matter with the manager?

64  Entries 79 – 80: 一个巴掌拍不响 and 牛头不对马嘴 Usage: Functions mainly as predicate or attributive. Note: Humorous and slightly derogatory in meaning.

79.  一个巴掌拍不响 (一個巴掌拍不響)  yí gè bazhang pai bù xifng Translated character by character, 一个巴掌拍不响 means ‘one-MW-hand-clap-nosound,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘one hand alone cannot clap.’ Its functional translation is ‘it takes two to tango.’ Example 1: A: B:

你们怎么还不结婚啊？ 一个巴掌拍不响，我着急她不着急啊！

A: Nhmen zgnme hái bù jiéhen a? B: yígè bazhang pai bù xifng, wi zháojí ta bù zháojí a! A: How are you guys still not married? B: It takes two to tango. I’m anxious to get married but she’s not! Example 2: A: B:

咱们怎么才能吸引外资呢？ 是啊，一个巴掌拍不响，我们的条件够好的了，可是老外不了解我 们，他们怎么来啊？

A: Zánmen zgnme cái néng xcyhn wàizc ne? B: Shì a, yígè bazhang pai bù xifng, wimen de tiáojiàn gòu hfo de le, kgshì lfowài bù lifojig wimen, tamen zgnme lái a? A: What do we need to do to attract foreign investment? B: Yes, it takes two to tango. Our terms are sufficiently attractive but, since the foreigners don’t understand us, why would they come to us? Usage: Used singly. Note: Neutral in meaning.

80.  牛头不对马嘴 (牛頭不對馬嘴)  niú tóu bú duì mf zuh Translated character by character, 牛头不对马嘴 means ‘cow-head-not-matchhorse-mouth,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘incongruous or inconsistent.’ Its functional translation is ‘incongruous,’ or ‘neither here nor there.’



Entry 81: 以小人之心，度君子之腹 65

Example 1: A:

他后半夜才回家，老婆问他干什么去了。他一会儿说陪客户吃饭去 了，一会儿又说在办公室加班，回答得牛头不对马嘴。老婆知道他 肯定有外遇了。

A: Ta hòu bànyè cái huíjia, ta lfopo wèn ta gàn shénme qù le. Ta yíhuìr shud péi kèhù chcfàn qù le, yíhuìr yòu shud zài bàngdngshì jiaban, niútóu bú duì mfzuh. Ta lfopo zhcdao ta kgndìng yiu wàiyù le. A: He got home after midnight and his wife asked him what he had been out doing. He said for a while that he had been eating with clients, he also said for a while that he had been working overtime at the office. He answered incongruously; his wife knew that he definitely was having an affair. Example 2: A: B: A:

什么是儒家思想？ 嗯…，就是不喝酒、不吃肉、不结婚。 你说的这是什么啊！牛头不对马嘴。

A: Shénme shì Rújia scxifng? B: En, jiùshì bù hbjij, bù chcròu, bù jiéhen. A: Nh shud de zhè shì shénme a! Niútóu bú duì mfzuh. A: What is Confucianism? B: Um  .  .  .  It’s not drinking alcohol, not eating meat, and not getting married. A: What are you saying? That’s neither here nor there. Usage: Functions as complement of verbs like ‘回答’ or ‘说’, or used singly. Variant: 驴头不对马嘴; 驴唇不对马嘴 (驴 lp, donkey. 唇 chún, lip) Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning.

81.  以小人之心，度君子之腹 (以小人之心度君子之腹)  yh xiforén zhc xcn, dúo jenzh zhc fù Translated character by character, 以小人之心, 度君子之腹 means ‘using-meanperson-’s-mind, judge-gentleman-’s-belly,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to seek to size up a virtuous person using an immoral person’s heuristics.’ Its functional translation is ‘to project one’s shortcomings on someone.’ Example 1: A: B:

副局长写匿名信检举局长贪污。 地球上的人都知道副局长贪污而局长清廉，副局长纯粹是以小人之 心度君子之腹。

66  Entry 82: 车到山前必有路 A: Fù júzhfng xig nìmíngxìn jifnjj júzhfng tanwe. B: Dìqiú shàng de rén ddu zhcdao fù jú hfng tanwe ér júzhfng qcnglián, fù júzhfng chúncuì shì yh xiforén zhc xcn dúo jenzh zhc fù. A: The deputy director wrote an anonymous letter accusing the director of embezzlement. B: Everyone in the world knows that the deputy director is dirty and the director is clean. The deputy director is purely projecting his shortcomings on the director. Example 2:

你跟你的女秘书是不是关系太亲密了？ B: 我们只是工作上的关系。 A: 真的吗？没有别的吗？ B: 你不要以小人之心度君子之腹，谁都跟你一样是个大色狼吗？ A:

A: Nh gbn nhde nr mìshe shìbúshì guanxì tài qcnmì le? B: Wimen zhh shì gdngzuò shàng de guanxì. A: Zhbn de ma? Méiyiu biéde ma? B: Nh búyào yh xiforén zhc xcn dúo jenzh zhc fù, shuí ddu gbn nh yíyàng shì gè dà sèláng ma? A: B: A: B:

Isn’t your relationship with your secretary too intimate? We just have a working relationship. Really? Nothing else? Don’t project your shortcomings on others. Not everyone is a lecher like you.

Usage: Functions as predicative or predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory or neutral in meaning.

82.  车到山前必有路 (車到山前必有路)  chb dào shan qián bì yiu lù Translated character by character, 车到山前必有路 means ‘cart-arrive-mountainfront-must-have-road,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘what problems exist will be dealt with.’ Its functional translation is ‘we’ll cross that bridge when we come to it.’ Example 1: A: B:

我们得想个好办法，这样下去不妙。 你着什么急嘛！车到山前必有路，到时候就有办法了。

A: Wimen dgi xifng gè hfo bànff, zhèyàng xiàqù búmiào. B: Nh zháo shénme jí ma! Chb dào shan qián bì yiu lù, dào shíhou jiù yiu bànff le.



Entry 83: 鸡蛋里挑骨头 67

A: We have to think of a good solution. Continuing like this doesn’t look promising. B: What’re you nervous about? We’ll cross that bridge when we come to it. When the time comes, there will be a way. Example 2: A: B:

下一步怎么做？ 下一步啊？我还没想好，不过，车到山前必有路，过两天再说。

A: Xiàyíbù zgnme zuò? B: Xiàyíbù a? Wi hái méi xifnghfo, búguò, chb dào shan qián bì yiu lù, guò lifngtian zàishud. A: What do we do next? B: The next step? I haven’t really thought about it, but we’ll cross that bridge when we come to it. Let’s come back to it in two days. Usage: Used singly. Note: Neutral in meaning.

83.  鸡蛋里挑骨头 (雞蛋裏挑骨頭)  jcdàn lh tiao gútou Translated character by character, 鸡蛋里挑骨头 means ‘chicken-egg-inside-pick out-bone,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to find fault.’ Its functional translation is ‘to nitpick’ or ‘to find quarrel in a straw.’ Example 1: A: B:

你看，左侧车门上有一道划痕。 朋友，我卖的是二手车，不是新车，你这不是鸡蛋里挑骨头吗？

A: Nh kàn, zuicè chbmén shàng yiu yí dào huáhén. B: Péngyou, wi mài de shì èrshiuchb, búshì xcnchb, nì zhè búshì jcdàn lh tiao gútou ma? A: Look, there’s a scratch on the car’s left-hand door. B: Buddy, what I’m selling are second-hand cars, not new cars. Aren’t you just finding quarrel in a straw? Example 2:

我们的报告一共一百页，里面只有两个标点符号错误，可是上司却 说我们工作态度不认真。 B: 分明鸡蛋里挑骨头，存心找我们的麻烦。 A:

A: Wimen de bàogào yígòng yìbài yè, lhmiàn zhhyiu lifng gè biaodifn fúhào cuòwù, kgshì shàngsi què shud wimen gdngzuò tàidù bú rènzhbn. B: Fbnmíng jcdàn lh tiao gútou, cúnxcn zhfo wimen de máfan.

68  Entry 84: 吃不了兜着走 A: Our report was one hundred pages in total, containing only two punctuation errors, but our superiors said our work ethic was poor. B: They’re clearly nitpicking, deliberately trying to cause us trouble. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

84.  吃不了兜着走 (吃不了兜著走)  chc bù lifo ddu zhe ziu Translated character by character, 吃不了兜着走 means ‘eat-not-able-wrap-ed-leave,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to be unable to bear the consequences of failure.’ Example 1: A:

就凭你们几个也想来闹事！告诉你们，赶快滚，不滚的话让你们吃 不了兜着走。

A: Jiù píng nhmen jh gè yg xifng lái nàoshì! Gàosu nhmen, gfnkuài gjn, bù gjn dehuà ràng nhmen chc bùlifo dduzhe ziu. A: You can’t make trouble here! I’m warning you, you better scram now. If you don’t, I’ll make you bear the consequences. Example 2:

我们这次只是想试探一下对手，没想到他们跟咱们玩儿真的，要打 价格战。我们还是收手吧。 B: 不行，再坚持三天。 A: 那我们的风险太大了，弄不好吃不了可得兜着走啊！ A:

A: Wimen zhècì zhhshì xifng shìtàn yíxià duìshiu, méixiàngdào tamen gbn zánmen wánr zhbnde, yào df jiàgézhàn. Wimen háishi shdushiu ba. B: Bùxíng, zài jianchí san tian. A: Nà wimen de fbngxifn tài dà le, nòngbùhfo chc bùlifo kg dgi dduzhe ziu a! A: This time, we just wanted to test our opponent. We didn’t expect they would really engage with us, wanting to start a price war. We should pull back. B: No. Let’s keep it up for three days. A: Then our exposure to risk will be too great. If we mess this up, we won’t be able to bear the consequences. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Derogatory in meaning.



Entries 85 – 86: 打肿脸充胖子 and 三十六计走为上 69 85.  打肿脸充胖子 (打腫臉充胖子)  df zhing lifn chdng pàngzi

Translated character by character, 打肿脸充胖子 means ‘slam-swollen-face-pretendfat-man,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to keep up appearances (often by spending beyond one’s means).’ Its functional translation is ‘to puff oneself up at one’s own cost.’ Example 1: A: B:

她买了一个两千多美元的包。 别打肿脸充胖子，她的收入就那么点儿，谁不知道。

A: Ta mfile yígè lifngqian dud Mgiyuán de bao. B: Bié df zhing lifn chdng pàngzi, tade shdurù jiù nàme difnr, shéi bù zhcdào. A: She bought a bag that cost more than $2,000. B: She shouldn’t puff herself up. She has very little income, everybody knows that. Example 2: A: B:

政府又捐了一千万美元给那个国家。 又打肿脸充胖子呢。有钱给自己国家失业的人花不好吗？

A: Zhèngfj yòu juanle yìqian wàn Mgiyuán ggi nàge guójia. B: Yòu df zhing lifn chdng pàngzi ne. Yiu qián ggi zìjh guójia shcyè de rén hua bùhfo ma? A: The government donated another ten million dollars to that country. B: They’re spending money they don’t have again. Is it not worth it to give your money to your own country’s jobless? Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

86.  三十六计走为上 (三十六計走為上)  sanshíliù jì ziu wéi shàng Translated character by character, 三十六计走为上 means ‘the-thirty-sixth-stratagemflee-is-best,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘running away is the best option.’ Its functional translation is ‘to get out while the going’s good’ or ‘to get while the getting’s good.’ Example 1: A: B:

这里是是非之地，非常危险，我该怎么办？ 你还是三十六计走为上吧。

70  Entry 87: 当耳旁风 A: Zhè lh shì shìfbizhcdì, fbicháng wbixifn, wi gai zgnme bàn? B: Nh hái shì sanshíliù jì ziu wéi shàng ba. A: This is a sketchy area, it’s very dangerous. What should I do? B: You should get while the getting’s good. Example 2: A:

眼看企业一年不如一年，已经没有复兴的希望了，他就三十六计走 为上，主动辞职了。

A: Yfnkàn qhyè yì nián bùrú yì nián, yhjcng méiyiu fùxcng de xcwàng le, ta jiù sanshíliù jì ziu wéi shàng, zhjdòng cízhí le. A: He saw that the company was getting worse and worse with each passing year and it was already beyond saving. So, he got while the getting was good and resigned voluntarily. Usage: Functions as predicate or used singly. Note: Neutral in meaning.

87.  当耳旁风 (當耳旁風)  dang gr páng fbng Translated character by character, 当耳旁风 means ‘take as-ear-side-wind,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to be completely disregarded.’ Its functional translation is ‘to roll off like water off a duck’s back.’ Example 1: A:

她总是把我的警告当耳旁风。

A: Ta zingshì bf wide jhnggào dang grpángfbng. A: She always lets my warnings roll off like water off a duck’s back. Example 2: A:

我是认真的，你别把我的话当耳旁风。

A: Wi shì rènzhbn de, nh bié bf wide huà dang grpángfbng. A: I’m serious, don’t let what I say roll off like water off a duck’s back. Usage: Functions as predicate. Variant: 当耳边风 Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.



Entries 88 – 89: 恨铁不成钢 and 你走你的阳关道，我过我的独木桥 71 88.  恨铁不成钢 (恨鐵不成鋼)  hèn tig bù chéng gang

Translated character by character, 恨铁不成钢 means ‘regret-iron-not-become-steel,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to hold someone to a higher standard with the hope that they will improve.’ Its functional translation is ‘to expect better from someone.’ Example 1: A:

我理解你，恨铁不成钢，但是你打你儿子也不对啊？

A: Wi lhjig nh, hèn tig bù chéng gang, dànshì nh df nh érzi yg búduì a? A: I get it, you expect better from him, but isn’t it also wrong to hit your son? Example 2: A:

他用一种恨铁不成钢的眼神望着这个他全力培养了二十年的接班 人。

A: Ta yòng yìzhing hèn tig bù chéng gang de yfnshén wàngzhe zhègè ta quánlì péiyfngle èrshí nián de jibbanrén. A: He watched the protégé he had poured himself into training for twenty years with an expression in his eyes of expecting better from him. Usage: Functions as predicate or attributive. Note: Neutral in meaning.

89.  你走你的阳关道，我过我的独木桥 

(你走你的陽關道，我過我的獨木橋)  nh ziu nh de yáng guan dào, wi guò wi de dú mù qiáo Translated character by character, 你走你的阳关道，我过我的独木桥 means ‘youwalk-your-broad-way, I-cross-my-single-plank-foot-bridge,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘we should part ways.’ Its functional translation is ‘let’s go our separate ways.’ Example 1: A: B:

我们能不能再谈谈？ 不必了。以后你走你的阳关道，我过我的独木桥，就当两个人从来 不认识。

A: Wimen néngbùnéng zài tántan? B: Búbì le. Yhhòu nh ziu nhde yángguandào, wi guò wide dúmùqiáo, jiù dang lifng gè rén cónglái bú rènshi.

72  Entry 90: 过了这个村，就没这个店 A: Can we talk again? B: There’s no need. We should go our separate ways. It’ll be as though we never met. Example 2: A: B:

话不要说得那么绝情！ 就是这么绝情！从今以后，你走你的阳关道，我过我的独木桥，各 不相干。

A: Huà búyào shud de nàme juéqíng! B: Jiùshì zhème juéqíng! Cóngjcn yhhòu, nh ziu nhde yángguandào, wi guò wide dúmùqiáo, gè bù xianggan. A: Don’t be so heartless when you speak! B: I’m just that heartless! From now on, we’ll go our own separate ways. Our paths won’t cross. Usage: Used singly. Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning.

90.  过了这个村，就没这个店 (過了這個村，

就沒這個店)  guò le zhè ge cen, jiù méi zhè ge diàn Translated character by character, 过了这个村，就没这个店 means ‘pass-ed-thisMW-village, then-no-this-MW-inn,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be, ‘there is no other inn once you pass this village.’ Its functional translation is, ‘opportunity seldom knocks twice,’ or ‘it’s now or never.’ Example 1: A: B:

我们再等等吧，没准儿下周还降价呢。 别，我看不会降了，没准儿还升呢。快点买吧，过了这个村，就没 这个店了。

A: Wimen zài dgngdgng ba, méizhjnr xià zhdu hái jiàngjià ne. B: Bié, wi kàn búhuì jiàng le, méizhjnr hái shbng ne. Kuàidifn mfi ba, guòle zhègè cen, jiù méi zhègè diàn le. A: Let’s wait a little longer. The price might drop again next week. B: No, I don’t think the price will go lower, it might rise. Buy it quickly, opportunity seldom knocks twice. Example 2: A: B:

我们的关系进展不快。 赶快去追吧，过了这个村，可就没这个店了。等她出了国，你上哪 儿去追啊？



Entry 91: 抱佛脚 73

A: Wimen de guanxi jìnzhfn bú kuài. B: Gfnkuài qù zhuc ba, guòle zhègè cen, kg jiù méi zhègè diàn le. Dgng ta chele guó, nh shàng nfr qù zhuc a? A: Our relationship isn’t progressing very fast. B: Hurry up and get her; it’s now or never. Once she leaves the country, how will you win her over? Usage: Used singly. You can insert a ‘可’ in front of the ‘就’ in order to express emphasis. Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.

91.  抱佛脚 (抱佛腳)  bào fó jifo Translated character by character, 抱佛脚 means ‘embrace-Buddha-foot,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to cram,’ or ‘to normally not see someone, but grovel at their feet when their help is needed.’ Its functional translation is ‘to cram,’ or ‘fair weather atheists turn to god in a pinch.’ Example 1: A: B:

我们还是请大学同学小刘帮忙吧？ 咳，大学毕业二十年都没有联系过，现在我们临时抱佛脚，求到人 家头上，人家会怎么想？

A: Wimen háishì qhng dàxué tóngxué Xifo Liú bangmáng ba? B: Hài, dàxué bìyè èrshí nián ddu méiyiu liánxì guò, xiànzài wimen línshí bào fó jifo, qiú dào rénjia tóu shàng, rénjia huì zgnme xifng? A: Should we ask our college classmate Little Liu to help us out? B: Huh? We graduated 20 years ago and haven’t been in contact with him. If we ask a favor of him now like fair weather atheists turning to god in a pinch, what would he think? Example 2: A:

他是语言学家，可是被邀请去做一个关于中国农村民主政治的报 告，推脱不掉，所以他只好临时抱佛脚，找了一本权威入门书，匆 匆看了看，就去做报告了。

A: Ta shì yjyánxuéjia, kgshì bèi yaoqhng qù zuò yígè guanyú Zhdngguó nóngcen mínzhj zhèngzhì de bàogào, tuctud bú diào, suiyh ta zhhhfo línshí bào fó jifo, zhfole yì bgn quánwbi rùmén she, cdngcdng kànlekàn, jiù qù zuò bàogào le. A: He’s a linguist, but he was invited to do a report about democratic governance in rural China, and he couldn’t get out of it, so he’s just cramming. He found an authoritative introductory book, skimmed it, and went to do his report.

74  Entry 92: 有钱能使鬼推磨 Usage: Functions as predicate. Variant: 临时抱佛脚 Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

92.  有钱能使鬼推磨 (有錢能使鬼推磨)  yiu qián néng shh guh tuc mò Translated character by character, 有钱能使鬼推磨 means ‘have-money-can-makeghost-push-millstone,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘money makes many things possible.’ Its functional translation is ‘money talks.’ Example 1: A: B: A: B:

你的新公司要开业了，准备请谁来剪彩？ 功夫巨星张三。 请得来吗？ 已经定了。有钱能使鬼推磨。当然我们下了本钱。

A: Nhde xcn gdngsc yào kaiyè le, zhjnbèi qhng shéi lái jifncfi? B: Gdngfu jùxcng Zhang San. A: Qhng de lái ma? B: Yhjcng dìng le. Yiu qián néng shh guh tuc mò. Dangrán wimen xiàle bgnqian. A: Your new company is about to open for business. Who are you going to invite to cut the ribbon? B: Kung Fu superstar, Mr. X. A: Can you get him? B: It’s already set. Money talks. Of course, we paid for it. Example 2: A:

他的人生哲学就是有钱能使鬼推磨，所以他做任何事都用钱来开 路。

A: Ta de rénshbng zhéxué jiùshì yiu qián néng shh guh tuc mò, suiyh ta zuò rènhé shì ddu yòng qián lái kailù. A: His life philosophy is that money talks. So, whatever he’s doing, he always uses money to clear the way. Usage: Used singly. Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.



Entries 93 – 94: 有其父必有其子 and 不见棺材不落泪 75 93.  有其父必有其子 (有其父必有其子)  yiu qí fù bì yiu qí zh

Translated character by character, 有其父必有其子 means ‘have-that-father-musthave-that-son,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘the son is like the father.’ Its functional translation is ‘like father, like son,’ or ‘the apple doesn’t fall far from the tree.’ Example 1: A: B:

他绯闻不断。 不难理解。他爸爸就是个有名的花花公子，有其父必有其子。

A: Ta fbiwén búduàn. B: Bú nán lhjig. Ta bàba jiùshì gè yiumíng de huahuagdngzh, yiu qí fù bì yiu qí zh. A: He’s always involved in sex scandals. B: It’s not hard to understand why. His father is a well-known playboy. The apple doesn’t fall far from the tree. Example 2: A: B:

我儿子将来还要靠你提携呢。 哪里，你贵为省长，有其父必有其子，将来令郎还能更上一层楼呢。

A: Wi érzi jianglái háiyào kào nh tíxié ne. B: Nflh, nh guì wéi shgngzhfng, yiu qí fù bì yiu qí zh, jianglái lìngláng hái néng gèng shàng yì céng lóu ne. A: My son will still need to rely on your guidance in the future. B: I don’t think so. You’re the provincial governor and the apple doesn’t fall far from the tree. Your son will rise to the next level. Usage: Used singly. Note: Neutral in meaning.

94.  不见棺材不落泪 (不見棺材不落淚)  bú jiàn guancai bú luò lèi Translated character by character, 不见棺材不落泪 means ‘not-see-coffin-not-shedtear,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to hold out hope until faced with the grim reality.’ Example 1: A: B:

好，咱们比做俯卧撑，看谁做得多。 我看你是不见棺材不落泪，谁先来？

76  Entry 95: 三长两短 A: Hfo, zánmen bh zuò fjwòchbng, kàn shéi zuò de dud. B: Wi kàn nh shì bú jiàn guancai bú luòlèi, shéi xian lái? A: OK, let’s have a push-up contest and see who can do the most. B: I think you’re holding out hope until faced with the grim reality. Who’s going first? Example 2:

我没有借过你的东西。 B: 你真是不见棺材不落泪，等会儿我把你亲笔写的借条拿来给你看。 A:

A: Wi méiyiu jièguo nhde ddngxi. B: Nh zhbnshì bú jiàn guancai bú luòlèi, dgnghuìr wi bf nh qcnbh xig de jiètiáo nálái ggi nh kàn. A: I didn’t borrow your stuff. B: You really are holding out hope until faced with the grim reality. In a moment, I’ll bring you the loan slip that was written by your own hand. Usage: Functions mainly as predicative or predicate. Note: Derogatory and humorous in meaning.

95.  三长两短 (三長兩短)  san cháng lifng dufn Translated character by character, 三长两短 means ‘three-long-two-short,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘unexpected misfortune befalls someone.’ Its functional translation is ‘god forbid anything should happen to someone.’ Example 1: A: B:

他都九十多岁了，还想坐飞机来咱们这里。 我看就算了。这么大年纪了，还要坐十个钟头的飞机，万一有个三 长两短，我们负不起责任啊。

A: Ta ddu jijshí dud suì le, hái xifng zuò fbijc lái zánmen zhèlh. B: Wi kàn jiù suàn le. Zhème dà niánjì le, hái yào zuò shí gè zhdngtóu de fbijc, wànyc yiu gè sancháng-lifngdufn, wimen fù bù qh zérèn a. A: He’s more than 90 years old, and he still wants to fly here. B: I think we should forget about it. At this age, making him take a ten-hour flight; god forbid something should happen to him; we couldn’t bear the guilt. Example 2: A: B: A:

孩子跟我吵架后就走了，两天没回家了，万一…… 别太担心。她大了，又是懂事的孩子，很快就会回来的。 如果她有个三长两短，我也不活了。



Entry 96: 纸包不住火 77

A: Háizi gbn wi chfojià hòu jiù ziu le, lifng tian méi huíjia le, wànyc …… B: Bié tài danxcn. Ta dà le, yòu shì dingshì de háizi, hgn kuài jiù huì huílái de. A: Rúgui ta yiu gè sancháng-lifngdufn, wi yg bù huó le. A: My child left after we fought and hasn’t come home in two days. What if  .  .  .  ? B: Don’t worry too much. She’s a grown and worldly child, she’ll come back soon. A: God forbid something should happen to her; I would die. Usage: Functions as object. Note: Neutral in meaning.

96.  纸包不住火 (紙包不住火)  zhh bao bú zhù hui Translated character by character, 纸包不住火 means ‘paper-contain-not-able-fire,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘the truth cannot be supressed.’ Its functional translation is ‘the truth always comes out,’ ‘truth will out,’ or ‘there is no concealing the truth.’ Example 1: A: B:

咱俩把这笔钱私分了，只要咱俩不说，谁也不知道。 大哥，纸包不住火啊！如果被发现了，咱俩可都要进监狱的。

A: Zán lif bf zhè bh qián scfbn le, zhhyào zán lif bù shud, shéi yg bù zhcdao. B: Dàgb, zhh bao bú zhù hui a! Rúgui bèi faxiàn le, zán lif kg ddu yào jìn jianyù de. A: Let’s split the cash between the two of us. So long as neither of us snitches, no one will know. B: Brother, there’s no concealing the truth. If we are found out, both of us will definitely end up in jail. Example 2: A:

煤矿井下出了事故，死了十个人。矿主想隐瞒，但是纸包不住火， 三天以后有人把这件事告诉了记者。

A: Méikuàng jhng xià chele shìgù, shle shí gè rén. Kuàngzhj xifng yhnmán, dànshì zhh bao bú zhù hui, san tian yhhòu yiu rén bf zhè jiàn shì gàosù le jìzhg. A: An accident happened in a coal mine and ten people died. The mine manager wanted to cover it up, but the truth always comes out. Three days later, someone tipped a reporter off to the incident. Usage: Used singly. Note: Neutral in meaning.

78  Entries 97 – 98: 好戏在后头 and 吹牛皮 97.  好戏在后头 (好戲在後頭)  hfo xì zài hòutou Translated character by character, 好戏在后头 means ‘good-drama-is-behind,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘the best or most surprising events have not yet come to pass.’ Its functional translation is ‘the best is yet to come,’ or ‘you ain’t seen nothing yet.’ Example 1: A: B:

这两位名人在媒体上的争吵终于完了。 完了？还早着呢。我保证好戏还在后头呢。

A: Zhè lifng wèi míngrén zài méith shàng de zhbngchfo zhdngyú wán le. B: Wán le? Hái zfo zhe’ne. Wi bfozhèng hfo xì hái zài hòutou ne. A: These two celebrities’ media fight has finally ended. B: Ended? It’s still early. I guarantee the best is yet to come. Example 2: A: B:

那家公司最近出了一点儿麻烦，高层不和的消息已经公开化了。 等着瞧吧，好戏在后头。听说他们的竞争对手准备跟他们打价格战了。

A: Nà jia gdngsc zuìjìn chele yìdifnr máfan, gaocéng bùhé de xiaoxc yhjcng gdngkaihuà le. B: Dgngzheqiáo ba, hfo xì zài hòutou. Tcngshud tamen de jìngzhbng duìshiu zhjnbèi gbn tamen df jiàgézhàn le. A: That company recently ran into a little trouble. It has already become common knowledge that there is dissension in the ranks of the management. B: Just wait and see, you ain’t seen nothing yet. I hear their competitor is preparing to engage in a price war with them. Usage: Used singly. Variant: 好戏还在后头 Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.

98.  吹牛皮 (吹牛皮)  chuc niú pí Translated character by character, 吹牛皮 means ‘blow-ox-skin,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to talk oneself up.’ Its functional translation is ‘to blow smoke.’ Example 1: A: B:

我能喝十五瓶啤酒，而且不醉。 吹牛皮呢吧？十五天喝十五瓶还差不多。



Entry 99: 欲速则不达 79

A: Wi néng hb shíwj píng píjij, érqig bú zuì. B: Chucniúpí ne ba? Shíwj tian hb shíwj píng hái chàbudud. A: I can drink fifteen bottles of beer and not get drunk. B: You’re blowing smoke, right? Fifteen bottles in fifteen days is more like it. Example 2: A:

不是我跟你们吹牛皮，就这点儿小事儿，如果是我，早就办完了。

A: Búshì wi gbn nhmen chucniúpí, jiù zhè difnr xifoshìr, rúgui shì wi, zfo jiù bànwán le. A: I’m not blowing smoke, but if I was dealing with this minor issue, I’d have been done a long time ago. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

99.  欲速则不达 (欲速則不達)  yù sù zé bù dá Translated character by character, 欲速则不达 means ‘want-fast-instead-not-arrive’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘rushing to complete something will often result in errors causing the project to be finished late.’ Its functional translation is ‘more haste, less speed.’ Example 1: A: B:

教练，我都练了两个小时的发球了，怎么还练啊？ 发球是打网球的基本功。如果连发球都发不好，就更谈不上接球和 回球了。今天一天都练发球，别着急，欲速则不达。

A: Jiàoliàn, wi ddu liànle lifng gè xifoshí de faqiú le, zgnme hái liàn a? B: Faqiú shì df wfngqiú de jcbgngdng. Rúgui lián faqiú ddu fa bù hfo, jiù gèng tánbúshàng jibqiú hé huíqiú le. Jcntian yì tian ddu liàn faqiú, bié zháojí, yù sù zé bù dá. A: Coach, I’ve practiced serving for two hours already; how are we still practicing? B: Serving is a basic skill of tennis. If you can’t serve well, don’t even think about returning. We’re practicing serving all day today. Don’t worry about it. More haste, less speed. Example 2: A: B:

你追上那个女孩儿没有？ 还没有呢。不过这种事不能太着急，着急的结果是欲速则不达。

A: Nh zhuc shàng nàgè nrháir méiyiu? B: Hái méiyiu ne. Búguò zhè zhing shì bùnéng tài zháojí, zháojí de jiégui shì yù sù zé bù dá.

80  Entry 100: 家家有本难念的经 A: Did you get that girl? B: Not yet. But you can’t rush this sort of thing. More haste, less speed. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Neutral in meaning.

100. 家家有本难念的经 (家家有本難念的經)  jia jia yiu bgn nán niàn de jcng Translated character by character, 家家有本难念的经 means ‘family-family-have-ahard-chant-scripture,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘every family has its hardships.’ Its functional translation is ‘we all have our burdens to bear.’ Example 1:

我那个儿子啊，有多动症。我老公又常常出差，家庭重担都落到我 头上了。我快坚持不住了。 B: 真够辛苦你的了。家家有本难念的经，我的公公、婆婆都不用提 了…… A:

A: Wi nàgè érzi a, yiu duddòngzhèng. Wi lfogdng yòu chángcháng chechai, jiatíng zhòngdàn ddu luò dào wi tóushang le. Wi kuài jianchí bú zhù le. B: Zhbn gòu xcnkj nh de le. Jia jia yiu bgn nán niàn de jcng, wide gdnggong, pópo ddu búyòng tí le. A: My son has ADHD and my husband often goes abroad for work. All of our family’s burdens fall on my shoulders. I can’t take it much longer. B: You deal with so much! But we all have our own burdens to bear. Let’s not even talk about my father-in-law and mother-in-law  .  .  . Example 2: A: B:

总统的工作多轻松，什么事都有人给干了。 未必，每个人都有一本难念的经。我听说有一次总统喝完酒以后在 雨里大哭，说上届政府给他留下的财政赤字太多。

A: Zingting de gdngzuò dud qcngsdng, shénme shì ddu yiu rén ggi gàn le. B: Wèibì, mgi gè rén ddu yiu yì bgn nán niàn de jcng. Wi tcngshud yiu yí cì zingting hb wán jij yhhòu zài yj lh dàke, shud shàng jiè zhèngfj ggi ta liúxià de cáizhèng chìzì tài dud. A: The president’s job is so relaxed, everything is done for him by someone. B: Not necessarily. Everyone has their own burdens to bear. I hear that, one time, after the president had been drinking, he was sobbing in the rain, saying that the budget deficit left to him by the previous administration was too big.



Entries 101 – 102: 墙头草 and 替罪羊 81

Usage: Used singly. Variants: 家家都有（一）本难念的经; 人人都有难念的经 Note: Neutral in meaning.

101. 墙头草 (墻頭草)  qiáng tóu cfo Translated character by character, 墙头草 means ‘wall-top-grass.’ Its functional translation, as popularized with Mao’s usage, is ‘fence sitter.’ Example 1: A: B:

我们得争取他的支持。 不必，他是棵墙头草，典型的投机分子，很不可靠。

A: Wimen dgi zhbngqj tade zhcchí. B: Búbì, ta shì kb qiángtóu cfo, difnxíng de tóujcfènzi, hgn bù kgkào. A: We have to earn his support. B: There’s no need, he’s a fence sitter. He’s a typical speculator -- very unreliable. Example 2: A: B:

政治评论员又开始说另一个总统侯选人的好话了。 这不奇怪，因为那个侯选人在民调中又领先了。政治评论员都是 墙头草，哪边儿风硬哪边儿倒。

A: Zhèngzhì pínglùnyuán yòu kaishh shud lìngyígè zingting hòuxufnrén de hfohuà le. B: Zhè bù qíguài, ycnwèi nàgè hòuxufnrén zài míndiào zhdng yòu lhngxian le. Zhèngzhì pínglùnyuán ddu shì qiángtóu cfo, nfbianr fbng yìng nfbianr dfo. A: The political pundits have begun talking up yet another presidential candidate. B: That’s not surprising, because that candidate is the front-runner in polls. Political pundits are all fence sitters; they lean whichever way the wind blows. Usage: Functions as object. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

102. 替罪羊 (替罪羊)  tì zuì yáng Translated character by character, 替罪羊 means ‘substitute-crime-goat,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘one who is made to take the blame for something.’ Its functional translation is ‘a scapegoat,’ or ‘a sacrificial lamb.’

82  Entry 103: 近水楼台先得月 Example 1: A:

那件事是两个人一起做的，结果一个人没事，另一个人成了替罪羊。

A: Nà jiàn shì shì lifng gè rén yìqh zuò de, jiégui yígè rén méishì, lìngyígè rén chéngle tìzuìyáng. A: Two people did that together. In the end, one of them got off and the other became the sacrificial lamb. Example 2: A: B:

听说王市长的秘书被抓了起来。 当替罪羊了。谁都知道，如果市长不同意，秘书敢那样做吗？

A: Tcngshud Wáng shìzhfng de mìshe bèi zhuale qhlái. B: Dang tìzuìyáng le. Shéi ddu zhcdào, rúgui shìzhfng bù tóngyì, mìshe gfn nàyàng zuò ma? A: I hear Mayor Wang’s secretary has been arrested. B: He’s a scapegoat. Everyone knows that if the mayor didn’t approve it, the secretary wouldn’t have dared do that. Usage: Functions as object. Note: Neutral in meaning.

103. 近水楼台先得月 (近水樓臺先得月)  jìn shuh lóu tái xian dé yuè Translated character by character, 近水楼台先得月 means ‘near-water-pavilion-firstget-moonlight,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to enjoy the benefits of a favorable position.’ Example 1:

费城有世界顶尖的沃顿商学院，按说近水楼台先得月，周围地区应 该很富裕。可是为什么不远处就破破烂烂呢？ B: 你会开车吗？汽车的观后镜都有盲点。沃顿商学院周围的地区就是 盲点。 A:

A: Fèichéng yiu shìjiè dhngjian de Wòdùn Shangxuéyuàn, ànshud jìn shuh lóu tái xian dé yuè, zhduwéi dìqe ycnggai hgn fùyù. Kgshì wèishénme bùyufnchù jiù pòpòlànlàn ne? B: Nh huì kaichb ma? Qìchb de guanhòujìng ddu yiu mángdifn. Wòdùn Shangxuéyuàn zhduwéi de dìqe jiùshì mángdifn. A: Wharton, the world’s best business school, is in Philadelphia. The city should benefit from Wharton’s proximity, and the surrounding area should be very affluent. So, why are there dilapidated areas not far from Wharton?



Entry 104: 小巫见大巫 83

B: Can you drive? A car’s rear view mirrors have blind spots. The area surrounding Wharton is a blind spot. Example 2: A:

广东顺德等城市，因为邻近香港的关系，近水楼台先得月，很快就 发展起来了。

A: Gufngddng Shùndé dgng chéngshì, ycnwèi línjìn Xianggfng de guanxi, jìn shuh lóu tái xian dé yuè, hgn kuài jiù fazhfn qhlái le. A: Because of their proximity to Hong Kong, cities like Shunde in Guangdong Province benefit from their favorable location, becoming developed very quickly. Usage: Used singly. Note: Neutral in meaning.

104. 小巫见大巫 (小巫見大巫)  xifo we jiàn dà we Translated character by character, 小巫见大巫 means ‘small-witch-meet-sorceress,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to be nothing in comparison to.’ Its functional translation is ‘to pale in comparison with,’ or ‘doesn’t hold a candle to.’ Example 1: A: B:

我家乡的桥非常长。 我见过，不过跟我家乡的金门大桥比起来真是小巫见大巫。

A: Wi jiaxiang de qiáo fbicháng cháng. B: Wi jiànguò, búguò gbn wi jiaxiang de Jcnmén Dàqiáo bh qhlái zhbn shì xifo we jiàn dà we. A: The bridge in my hometown is extremely long. B: I’ve seen it, but it really doesn’t hold a candle to my hometown’s Golden Gate Bridge. Example 2: A: B:

他的胃大极了，可以吃十个热狗。 十个热狗？那跟世界大胃王比简直就是小巫见大巫。大胃王可以吃 60多个。

A: Ta de wèi dà jí le, kgyh chc shí gè règiu. B: Shí gè règiu? Nà gbn shìjiè dàwèiwáng bh jifnzhí jiùshì xifo we jiàn dà we. Dàwèiwáng kgyh chc liùshí dud gè.

84  Entries 105 – 106: 过河拆桥 and 一不做，二不休 A: He’s got a huge appetite. He can eat ten hot dogs. B: Ten hot dogs? That really pales in comparison to the world eating champion. The eating champion can eat more than 60. Usage: Functions as predicative. Note: Humorous in meaning.

105. 过河拆桥 (過河拆橋)  guò hé chai qiáo Translated character by character, 过河拆桥 means ‘cross-river-dismantle-bridge,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to get rid of someone as soon as they’ve done their job.’ Its functional translation is ‘to kick someone to the curb when they’ve outlived their usefulness.’ Example 1: A: B:

别再找我了，你烦不烦？ 你也太没人性了，过了河就拆桥，想当初你是怎么求我帮助你来着？

A: Bié zài zhfo wi le, nh fán bù fán? B: Nh yg tài méi rénxìng le, guòle hé jiù chai qiáo, xifngdangche nh shì zgnme qiú wi bangzhù nh láizhe? A: Stop bothering me! Aren’t you an annoying one? B: You’re heartless, kicking me to the curb once I’ve outlived my usefulness. Have you forgotten how you begged for my help before? Example 2: A:

你得小心，他是个过河拆桥的人。

A: Nh dgi xifoxcn, ta shì gè guò hé chai qiáo de rén. A: You need to be careful. He’s the sort of person who’ll kick you to the curb once you outlive your usefulness to him. Usage: Functions as predicate or attributive. Note: Derogatory in meaning.

106. 一不做，二不休 (一不做，二不休)  yc bú zuò, èr bù xie Translated character by character, 一不做，二不休 means ‘first-not-do, second-notstop,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘as one has already started something, one might as well play the situation out.’ Its functional translation is ‘go (the) whole hog,’ or ‘in for a penny, in for a pound.’



Entry 107: 以牙还牙，以眼还眼 85

Example 1: A:

既然我们要告这个主治医生，索性一不做，二不休，连这家医院及 卫生部一起告。

A: Jìrán wimen yào gào zhègè zhjzhì ycshbng, suixìng yc bú zuò, èr bù xie, lián zhè jia ycyuàn jí wèishbngbù yìqh gào. A: Since we’re going to sue the physician-in-charge, we might as well go the whole hog, and even sue the hospital and Ministry of Health at the same time. Example 2: A: B:

你父母死活不同意我们的婚事，怎么办？ 你已经跟我父母闹翻了，你就一不做，二不休，干脆带我走吧。

A: Nh fùmj shhuó bù tóngyì wimen de henshì, zgnme bàn? B: Nh yhjcng gbn wi fùmj nào fan le, nh jiù yc bú zuò, èr bù xie, gàncuì dài wi ziu ba. A: Your parents will never approve of our marriage. What can we do? B: You’ve already fallen out with my parents. In for a penny, in for a pound. Just take me away. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Neutral in meaning.

107. 以牙还牙，以眼还眼 (以牙還牙，以眼還眼)  yh yá huán yá, yh yfn huán yfn Translated character by character, 以牙还牙，以眼还眼 means ‘use-tooth-repaytooth, use-eye-repay-eye’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to repay an insult with retribution of a similar magnitude.’ Its functional translation is ‘an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.’ Example 1: A:

美国对中国出口的纺织品征收附加关税，中国以牙还牙，以眼还 眼，停止进口美国的农产品。

A: Mgiguó duì Zhdngguó chekiu de ffngzhcphn zhbngshdu fùjia guanshuì, Zhdngguó yh yá huán yá, yh yfn huán yfn, tíngzhh jìnkiu Mgiguó de nóngchfnphn. A: China responded with an eye for an eye to America’s levying additional tariffs on China’s exported textile products, stopping the import of American agricultural products. Example 2: A:

她把我害得这么惨，我要以牙还牙，以眼还眼，也让她没有好日子过。

86  Entry 108: 跑了和尚跑不了庙 A: Ta bf wi zhgng de zhème cfn, wi yào yh yá huán yá, yh yfn huán yfn, yg ràng ta méiyiu hfo rìzh guò. A: She hurt me so badly. I want an eye for an eye. I want to make her miserable. Usage: Functions as predicate. Variant: 以牙还牙 Note: Neutral in meaning.

108. 跑了和尚跑不了庙 (跑了和尚跑不了廟)  pfo le héshang pfo bù lifo miào Translated character by character, 跑了和尚跑不了庙 means ‘run-ed-monk-run-notable-temple,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘a monk may run away but the temple cannot.’ Its functional translation is ‘you can run, but you can’t hide.’ Example 1: A: B:

肇事司机逃逸了。 跑了和尚跑不了庙，有目击者记下了车牌号。

A: Zhàoshì scjc táoyì le. B: Pfole héshang pfo bùlifo miào, yiu mùjczhg jìxiale chbpáihào. A: The driver who caused the accident left the scene. B: He can run, but he can’t hide. A witness took down his license plate number. Example 2: A: B:

外资老板卷钱跑了。 不怕，跑了和尚跑不了庙，一方面冻结他公司的所有帐号，另一方 面在他的国家起诉他。

A: Wàizc lfobfn jufnqián pfo le. B: Bú pà, pfole héshang pfo bùlifo miào, yìfangmiàn dòngjié ta gdngsc de suiyiu zhànghào, lìngyìfangmiàn zài tade guójia qhsù ta. A: The boss took the foreign investment and disappeared. B: Don’t worry. He can run, but he can’t hide. We’ve frozen his company’s account and we’re suing him in his country. Usage: Used singly. Variant: 跑得了和尚跑不了庙 Note: Neutral in meaning.



Entries 109 – 110: 绿帽子 and 识时务者为俊杰 87 109. 绿帽子 (綠帽子)  lq màozi

Translated character by character, 绿帽子 means ‘green-hat.’ Its functional translation is ‘cuckold.’ Example 1: A: B:

他老婆跟她老板有不正当男女关系。 给他戴了顶大绿帽子。

A: Ta lfopo gbn ta lfobfn yiu bú zhèngdàng nánnr guanxi. B: Ggi ta dài le dhng dà lq màozi. A: His wife had an affair with his boss. B: She made him a cuckold. Example 2: A:

他们刚结婚，妻子就给丈夫送了一顶绿帽子。

A: Tamen gang jiéhun, qczi jiù ggi zhàngfu sòngle yì dhng lq màozi. A: They had just gotten married and his wife made him a cuckold. Usage: Functions as object. There is usually a verb ‘戴’ and a measure word ‘顶’ in front of this suyu. Note: Derogatory in meaning.

110. 识时务者为俊杰 (識時務者為俊傑)  shí shí wù zhg wéi jùn jié Translated character by character, 识时务者为俊杰 means ‘understand-currentsituation-person-is-smart-person.’ Its functional translation is ‘he who understands the times is a wise man.’ Example 1: A:

你看现在的形势，如果你不主动辞职，也会被董事会免职。识时务 者为俊杰，你还是主动辞了吧。

A: Nh kàn xiànzài de xíngshì, rúgui nh bù zhjdòng cízhí, yg huì bèi dingshìhuì mifnzhí. Shí shíwù zhg wéi jùnjié, nh háishì zhjdòng cíle ba. A: Take a look at the situation. If you don’t voluntarily resign, you will be relieved by the board of directors. He who understands the times is a wise man. You should resign voluntarily.

88  Entry 111: 井水不犯河水 Example 2: A:

我们的专业就业前景很糟糕，而且十年二十年也改善不了。很多人 都换专业了，包括我。你也换一个就业前景好的吧，识时务者为俊 杰嘛。

A: Wimen de zhuanyè jiùyè qiánjhng hgn zaogao, érqig shí nián èrshí nián yg gfishàn bùlifo. Hgndud rén ddu huàn zhuanyè le, baokuò wi. Nh yg huàn yígè jiùyè qiánjhng hfo de ba, shí shíwù zhg wéi jùnjié ma. A: The prospects for employment in our profession are awful, and they won’t improve in the next ten or twenty years. A lot of people have changed professions, including myself. You should also change to a profession with good prospects. He who understands the times is a wise man. Usage: Used singly. Note: Neutral in meaning.

111. 井水不犯河水 (井水不犯河水)  jhng shuh bú fàn hé shuh Translated character by character, 井水不犯河水 means ‘well-water-not-encroachriver-water,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to mind one’s own business.’ Its functional translation is ‘to stay in one’s own lane.’ Example 1: A: B:

小刘，你这样做太过分了。 老马，这件事跟你没有一点关系，咱们井水不犯河水。你的事我不 搀和，我的事也用不着你管。

A: Xifo Liú, nh zhèyàng zuò tài guòfèn le. B: Lfo Mf, zhè jiàn shì gbn nh méiyiu yìdifn guanxi, zánmen jhngshuh bú fàn héshuh. Nhde shì wi bù chanhuo, wide shì yg yòngbùzháo nh gufn. A: Little Liu, that’s going too far. B: Old Ma, this has nothing to do with you. Let’s stay in our own lanes. I don’t meddle in your business, so my affairs don’t need your oversight. Example 2: A:

两家服装店紧挨着，一家主营高档服装，一家主营中低档服装。 过去几十年来两家店井水不犯河水，各赚各的钱，关系倒挺愉快 的。

A: Lifng jia fúzhuangdiàn jhn aizhe, yì jia zhjyíng gaodàng fúzhuang, yì jia zhjyíng zhdng-dcdàng fúzhuang. Guòqù jhshí nián lái lifng jia diàn jhngshuh bú fàn héshuh, gè zhuàn gè de qián, guanxi dào thng yúkuài de.



Entry 112: 一棵树上吊死 89

A: There were two adjacent clothing stores, one mainly dealt in high-grade clothing, one mainly dealt in low- to middle-grade clothing. Over the past decades, these two stores have kept to themselves, each making its own money and staying in its own lane. Usage: Functions as predicate. Variant: 河水不犯井水 (less common) Note: Slightly derogatory or neutral in meaning.

112. 一棵树上吊死 (一棵樹上吊死)  yc kb shù shàng diào sh Translated character by character, 一棵树上吊死 means ‘a-MW-tree-on-hang-dead,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to be inflexible and stubborn.’ Example 1: A: B:

我老公又赌博，在外面还有女人。我下半辈子该怎么过啊？ 你非得在一棵树上吊死啊？不能离婚吗？

A: Wi lfogdng yòu djbó, zài wàimiàn háiyiu nrrén. Wi xià bàn bèizh gai zgnme guò a? B: Nh fbidgi zài yc kb shù shàng diào sh a? Bùnéng líhen ma? A: My husband gambles and he has a mistress. Is this how I’ll spend the rest of my life? B: Why do you insist on being so stubborn? Can’t you divorce him? Example 2: A:

企业发展得多元化，什么赚钱做什么，不能在一棵树上吊死。

A: Qhyè fazhfn dgi dudyuánhuà, shénme zuànqián zuò shénme, bùnéng zài yc kb shù shàng diào sh. A: A company needs to develop in a diversified manner, doing whatever makes money. It can’t put all of its eggs in one basket. Usage: Functions as predicate. Variant: 在一棵树上吊死 Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning.

90  Entries 113 – 114: 放鸽子 and 一步一个脚印 113. 放鸽子 (放鴿子)  fàng gbzi Translated character by character, 放鸽子 means ‘release-pigeon,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to let someone wait in vain.’ Its functional translation is ‘to stand someone up,’ or ‘to leave someone in the lurch.’ Example 1: A: B:

怎么这么早就回来了？ 被她放鸽子了。等了一个钟头也没来。

A: Zgnme zhème zfo jiù huílái le? B: Bèi ta fànggbzi le. Dgngle yígè zhdngtóu yg méi lái. A: Why are you back so early? B: She stood me up. I waited for an hour and she didn’t come. Example 2: A: B:

这件事咱们得重新考虑。 什么？你不是答应好了吗？现在反悔，这不是放我鸽子吗？

A: Zhè jiàn shì zánmen dgi chóngxcn kfolq. B: Shénme? Nh búshì dayìng hfole ma? Xiànzài ffnhuh, zhè búshì fàng wi gbzi ma? A: We need to reconsider this issue. B: What? Didn’t you already agree? If you go back on your word now, wouldn’t you be leaving me in the lurch? Usage: Functions as predicate or predicative. Note: Neutral in meaning.

114. 一步一个脚印 (一步一個腳印)  yí bù yí gè jifoyìn Translated character by character, 一步一个脚印 means ‘one-step-one-MW-foot-print,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to do something at an even pace.’ Its functional translation is ‘to take something one step at a time.’ Example 1: A:

他虽然起步晚，但是一步一个脚印，最终取得了比同龄人大得多的 成就。

A: Ta sucrán qhbù wfn, dànshì yí bù yígè jifoyìn, zuìzhdng qjdé le bh tónglíngrén dà de dud de chéngjiù. A: While he got started late, he took it one step at a time and, in the end, he achieved much greater success than others his age.



Entry 115: 上梁不正下梁歪 91

Example 2: A: B: A:

你怎么这么马虎？出了这么多错！ 我太着急了。 着急没有用，做事得一步一个脚印。

A: Nh zgnme zhème mfhu? Chele zhème dud cuò! B: Wi tài zháojí le. A: Zháojí méiyiu yòng, zuòshì dgi yí bù yígè jifoyìn. A: How were you so careless? You made so many errors! B: I’m too impatient. A: There’s no use being impatient. You need to take things one step at a time. Usage: Functions as adverbial or attributive. Note: Complimentary in meaning. 115. 上梁不正下梁歪 (上樑不正下樑歪)  shàng liáng bú zhèng xià liáng wai Translated character by character, 上梁不正下梁歪 means ‘upper-beam-notstraight-lower-beam-deviate,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘when those in authority stray from righteousness, those below them will follow suit.’ Its functional translation is ‘a crooked stick will have a crooked shadow.’ Example 1: A: B:

这个单位的人怎么都不认真工作？ 看看他们的领导就行了，一年也上不了两、三天班。上梁不正下梁 歪，底下的人肯定好不了。

A: Zhègè danwèi de rén zgnme ddu bú rènzhbn gdngzuò? B: Kànkàn tamen de lhngdfo jiù xíng le, yì nián yg shàng bùlifo lifng, san tian ban. Shàng liáng bú zhèng xià liáng wai, dhxià de rén kgndìng hfo bùlifo. A: Why are all of the people in this work unit not working hard? B: If you take a look at their leader, you’ll understand. He hardly works two or three days a year. A crooked stick will have a crooked shadow, so his underlings definitely can’t be good. Example 2: A:

某市公安局长因为庇护黑社会最终入狱，因为上梁不正下梁歪，他 手下的警察也大多因为跟黑社会有勾结而入狱或辞职。

A: Miu shì gdng’anjúzhfng ycnwèi bìhù hbishèhuì zuìzhdng rùyù, ycnwèi shàng liáng bú zhèng xià liáng wai, ta shiuxià de jhngchá yg dàdud ycnwèi gbn hbishèhuì yiu gdujié ér rùyù huò cízhí.

92  Entry 116: 不入虎穴，焉得虎子 A: Some city’s chief of police was finally thrown in jail for protecting the mafia. Because a crooked stick will cast a crooked shadow, the majority of the policemen under his command were also jailed or resigned for colluding with the mob. Usage: Used singly. Note: Slightly derogatory or neutral in meaning.

116. 不入虎穴，焉得虎子 (不入虎穴，焉得虎子)  bú rù hj xuè, yan dé hj zh Translated character by character, 不入虎穴，焉得虎子 means ‘not-enter-tiger-den, how-get-tiger-cub,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘one must take risks in order to get something good.’ Its functional translation is ‘nothing good comes without risk.’ Example 1: A: B:

你一个人去太危险了。我派两个人保护你吧。 不行，人多目标大。再说，不入虎穴，焉得虎子？

A: Nh yígè rén qù tài wbixifn le. Wi pài lifng gè rén bfohù nh ba. B: Bùxíng, rén dud mùbiao dà. Zàishud, bú rù hj xuè, yan dé hj zh? A: Going by yourself is too dangerous. I’ll assign two people to protect you. B: No, more people make a bigger target. Moreover, nothing good comes without risk! Example 2:

你不用任何防护设施就去海里拍摄大白鲨袭击别的鲨鱼的场景，这 也太危险了！ B: 不入虎穴，焉得虎子！放心吧，我命大，不会出事的。 A:

A: Nh búyòng rènhé fánghù shèshc jiù qù hfi lh paishè dàbáisha xíjc biéde shayú de chfngjhng, zhè yg tài wbixifn le! B: Bú rù hj xuè, yan dé hj zh! Fàngxcn ba, wi mìngdà, búhuì cheshì de. A: You just jump in the ocean to film great white sharks attacking other sharks without any protective apparatus? That’s too dangerous! B: Nothing good comes without risk! Relax, I’m invincible; nothing’s going to happen to me. Usage: Used singly. Note: Complimentary in meaning.



Entry 117: 赔了夫人又折兵 93 117. 赔了夫人又折兵 (賠了夫人又折兵)  péi le feren yòu zhé bcng

Translated character by character, 赔了夫人又折兵 means ‘lose-ed-wife-also-losesoldier,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to suffer serious losses concurrently.’ Its functional translation is ‘to suffer a double loss.’ Example 1:

他这次惨了。 怎么了？ 为了选总统，把参议员的工作辞了。结果不但没有选上总统，还因为 涉嫌非法使用捐款而被司法机关调查了，最后老婆也跟他离婚了。 B: 真是赔了夫人又折兵。 A: B: A:

A: Ta zhèxià cfn le. B: Zgnme le? A: Wèile xufn zingting, bf canyìyuán de gdngzuò cí le. Jiégui búdàn méiyiu xufn shang zingting, hái ycnwèi shèxián fbiff shhyòng juankufn ér bèi scff jcguan diàochá le, zuìhòu lfopo yg gbn ta líhen le. B: Zhbn shì péile feren yòu zhé bcng. A: He’s in bad shape. B: What’s wrong? A: In order to run for president, he gave up his seat in the Senate. In the end, he not only wasn’t elected president but, as he was suspected of illegal use of campaign funds, was investigated by the authorities. In the end, his wife divorced him too. Example 2: A:

甲公司收购了乙公司，本想强强联手，结果事与愿违，不但前乙公 司经营越来越差，甲公司也受到很大的负面影响。对甲公司来说， 赔了夫人又折兵。

A: Jif gdngsc shdugòule yh gdngsc, bgn xifng qiángqiáng liánshiu, jiégui shìyjyuànwéi, búdàn qián yh gdngsc jcngyíng yuèláiyuè chà, jif gdngsc yg shòudàole hgn dà de fùmiàn yhngxifng. Duì jif gdngsc láishud, péile feren yòu zhé bcng. A: Company A acquired company B. They originally wanted to merge two leaders in the field but, in the end, they got the opposite. Not only did the former company B’s business get worse and worse, company A was also subject to serious negative influences. To company A, it was a double loss. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning.

94  Entries 118 – 119: 有心栽花花不长，无心插柳柳成荫 and 八字还没一撇 118. 有心栽花花不长，无心插柳柳成荫 

(有心栽花花不長，無心插柳柳成蔭)  yiu xcn zai hua hua bù zhfng, wú xcn cha lij lij chéng ycn Translated character by character, 有心栽花花不长，无心插柳柳成荫 means ‘haveintention-plant-flower-flower-not-grow, no-intention-plant-willow-willow-becomeshade,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to fail to accomplish what one diligently tries to do, but succeed in that which one ignores.’ Its functional translation is ‘to unknowingly benefit from an unexpected course of events.’ Example 1: A:

她本来是大学教授，搞法律的，没想到无心插柳，写了一本关于孩 子教育的书，一下子成了媒体上的红人。

A: Ta bgnlái shì dàxué jiàoshòu, gfo fflq de, méi xifng dào wú xcn cha lij, xigle yì bgn guanyú háizh jiàoyù de she, yíxiàzh chéng le méith shàng de hóngrén. A: She used to be a university law professor. She never imagined that, after writing a book about child education, she would unknowingly become a media darling overnight. Example 2: A:

那个面包师不小心在给顾客的面包上抹上了一层芥末，结果出现了 无心插柳的效果。这种面包大卖，最后成了这家面包房的招牌。

A: Nàgè miànbaoshc bù xifoxcn zài ggi gùkè de miànbao shàng mi shàng le yì céng jièmo, jiégui chexiàn le wú xcn cha lij de xiàogui. Zhè zhing miànbao dà mài, zuìhòu chéngle zhè jia miànbaofáng de zhaopái. A: That pastry chef accidentally applied a coat of mustard on the bread that he gave to his clients, resulting in an unexpected effect. That kind of bread sold well and, in the end, became the pastry shop’s calling card. Usage: Functions as predicate. Variant: 无心插柳(柳成荫) Note: Neutral in meaning.

119. 八字还没一撇 (八字還沒一撇)  ba zì hái méi yì pig Translated character by character, 八字还没一撇 means ‘“eight”-still-not-have-a-pie (the first stroke in the character “eight”),’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘it hasn’t even begun.’



Entry 120: 有眼不识泰山 95

Example 1: A: B:

你那个画展准备得怎么样了？ 别提了，八字还没一撇呢，场地、时间都还没定好呢。

A: Nh nàge huàzhfn zhjnbèi de zgnmeyàng le? B: Bié tí le, ba zì hái méi yì pig ne, chfngdì, shíjian ddu hái méi dìng hfo ne. A: How is preparation for your art exhibit going? B: Don’t even talk about it. It hasn’t even begun. I still haven’t confirmed the time or location yet. Example 2: A: B:

你跟女朋友什么时候结婚？ 早着呢，八字还没一撇。

A: Nh gbn nrpéngyou shénme shíhou jiéhen? B: Zfo zhe ne, ba zì hái méi yì pig. A: When are you and your girlfriend going to get married? B: It’s still early. It’s still far from done. Usage: Used singly. Variant: 八字没一撇 Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.

120. 有眼不识泰山 (有眼不識泰山)  yiu yfn bù shí Tài Shan Translated character by character, 有眼不识泰山 means ‘have-eyes-not-recognizeTai-Mountain,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to fail to recognize a famous person.’ Its functional translation is ‘to entertain angels unawares,’ or ‘wouldn’t recognize someone if they came up and introduced themselves.’ Example 1: A:

这个门卫连市长的身份证都查，真是有眼不识泰山。

A: Zhègè ménwèi lián shìzhfng de shbnfènzhèng ddu chá, zhbnshì yiu yfn bù shí Tài Shan. A: This security guard even checks the mayor’s ID. He wouldn’t recognize President Obama if he came up and introduced himself. Example 2: A: B:

你没听说过我的名字吗？XYZ。 对不起，X部长，我有眼不识泰山，请您原谅。

96  Entries 121 – 122: 出气筒 and 八九不离十 A: Nh méi tcngshud guò wide míngzì ma? XYZ. B: Duìbùqh, X bùzhfng, wi yiu yfn bù shí Tài Shan, qhng nín yuánliàng. A: Haven’t you heard of me? I’m XYZ. B: I’m sorry, Minister X. I am entertaining angels unawares. Please forgive me. Usage: Functions as predicate or predicative. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

121. 出气筒 (出氣筒)  che qì ting Translated character by character, 出气筒 means ‘release-anger-pump,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘someone whom another person takes their anger out on.’ Its functional translation is ‘punching bag.’ Example 1: A: B:

他酒后常常打老婆。 他老婆真可怜，就是他的一个出气筒。

A: Ta jij hòu chángcháng df lfopo. B: Ta lfopo zhbn kglián, jiù shì ta de yígè cheqìting. A: He often beats his wife when he’s drunk. B: His wife’s really pitiful. She’s just a punching bag to him. Example 2: A:

他在外面受辱，回来拿我当出气筒，见到我就大喊大叫。

A: Ta zài wàimiàn shòu rj, huílái ná wi dang cheqìting, jiàn dào wi jiù dàhfn-dàjiào. A: When he gets humiliated when he’s away, he comes back and makes me his punching bag. When he sees me, he starts screaming. Usage: Functions as predicative or object. Note: Neutral in meaning.

122. 八九不离十 (八九不離十)  ba jij bù lí shí Translated character by character, 八九不离十 means ‘eight-nine-not-far from-ten,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘not far off.’ Its functional translation is ‘close to the mark.’



Entry 123: 无风不起浪 97

Example 1: A: B:

这件事办得怎么样了？ 八九不离十，您就放心吧。

A: Zhè jiàn shì bàn de zgnmeyàng le? B: Ba jij bù lí shí, nín jiù fàngxcn ba. A: How well was the issue taken care of ? B: It was close to the mark. Don’t worry about it. Example 2: A: B: A:

我看这个小姑娘将来一定不得了。 你怎么知道？ 我都八十岁了，经历过多少事啊！虽然不敢说百分之百，但是八九 不离十。

A: Wi kàn zhègè xifogeniang jianglái yídìng bùdélifo. B: Nh zgnme zhcdao? A: Wi ddu bashí dud suì le, jcnglì guo dudshao shì a! Sucrán bùgfn shud bfi fbn zhc bfi, dànshi ba jij bù lí shí. A: I can tell this lady is going to be unbearable. B: How can you tell? A: I’m 80 years old, I’ve experienced so much! While I don’t dare say for sure, I can’t be far off. Usage: Used singly or functions as predicate. Note: Neutral in meaning.

123. 无风不起浪 (無風不起浪)  wú fbng bù qh làng Translated character by character, 无风不起浪 means ‘no-wind-not-raise-wave,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘there is often fact underlying pervasive rumors.’ Its functional translation is ‘there’s no smoke without fire.’ Example 1: A: B:

小报上都在炒作州长的婚外情呢。我看不像真的。州长看起来人不错。 那倒不一定。无风不起浪，肯定有点儿问题；否则凭空捏造的新闻 大家谁看啊？

A: Xifobào shàng ddu zài chfozuò zhduzhfng de henwàiqíng ne. Wi kàn bú xiàng zhbnde. Zhduzhfng kàn qhlái rén búcuò. B: Nà dào bùyídìng. Wú fbng bù qh làng, kgndìng yiudifnr wèntí; fiuzé píngkdng nibzào de xcnwén dàjia shéi kàn a?

98  Entry 124: 得便宜卖乖 A: The tabloids are all hyping the governor’s extramarital affairs. I don’t think it’s true. The governor seems like a decent person. B: That might not be the case. There’s no smoke without fire. There’s definitely some issue, otherwise who would read baseless, fabricated news? Example 2: A: B:

邮票刚涨完价，有人说再过几个月还要涨呢。不会吧？ 无风不起浪。邮政局一直亏损，国家都不愿意补贴了，那只好涨邮 费了。

A: Yóupiào gang zhfng wán jià, yiurén shud zài guò jh gè yuè hái yào zhfng ne. Búhuì ba? B: Wú fbng bù qh làng. Yóuzhèngjú yìzhí kucsjn, guójia ddu bú yuànyì bjtib le, nà zhhhfo zhfng yóufèi le. A: The price of stamps just went up; people are saying that in a few months it’ll rise again. That can’t be, right? B: There’s no smoke without fire. The postal service is constantly losing money, and the government isn’t willing to subsidize them anymore, so they have no choice but to raise postage. Usage: Functions mainly as predicate. Note: Neutral in meaning.

124. 得便宜卖乖 (得便宜賣乖)  dé piányi mài guai Translated character by character, 得便宜卖乖 means ‘receive-benefit-brag,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to not admit that one has received a benefit.’ Example 1: A:

他还找领导诉苦呢，就他得到的好处最多，得了便宜还卖乖，好像 他受到了不公正的待遇似的。

A: Ta hái zhfo lhngdfo sùkj ne, jiù ta dédào de hfochù zuìdud, déle piányi hái mài guai, hfoxiàng ta shòudào le bù gdngzhèng de dàiyu shìde. A: He even goes to the boss to complain and he gets the most out of it. He refuses to admit that he has been benefitting, but it seems like he has gotten unfair treatment. Example 2: A:

你别得了便宜卖乖，我不跟你计较就是了，你还有完没完？

A: Nh bié déle piányi mài guai, wi bù gbn nh jìjiào jiù shì le, nh hái yiu wán méi wán?



Entry 125: 不是省油的灯 99

A: Don’t deny that you benefitted. I’m not going to argue about this with you. Are you done talking? Usage: Functions as predicate. Variants: 捡便宜卖乖; 占便宜卖乖; 讨便宜卖乖 Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

125. 不是省油的灯 (不是省油的燈)  bú shì shgng yóu de dbng Translated character by character, 不是省油的灯 means ‘not-is-save-oil-lamp,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘is not a kerosene-saving lamp.’ Its functional translation is ‘a real son of a bitch’ or ‘a real piece of work.’ Example 1: A: B:

上次跟同事吵架之后，现在他安静多了。 他可不是省油的灯。你看着吧，后面肯定有好戏看。

A: Shàng cì gbn tóngshì chfojià zhchòu, xiànzài ta anjìng dud le. B: Ta kg búshì shgng yóu de dbng. Nh kànzhe ba, hòumiàn kgndìng yiu hfo xì kàn. A: After fighting with his colleague last time, he is now much calmer B: He really is a piece of work. Watch, there’ll be some interesting drama later. Example 2: A: B: A:

千万别惹她的麻烦。 怎么了？她又没长三头六臂。 她呀，麻烦着呢，绝对不是省油的灯，你尽量躲远点儿。

A: Qianwàn bié rg ta de máfan. B: Zgnme le? Ta yòu méi zhfng santóu-liùbì. A: Ta ya, máfan zhe ne, juéduì búshì shgng yóu de dbng, nh jìnliàng dui yufn difnr. A: Whatever you do, don’t provoke her. B: What’s wrong? She’s not superwoman. A: Her? She’s a real handful, a real son of a bitch. Do your best to stay away from her. Usage: Functions as predicative. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning. ‘一盏’ (盏 is measure word for 灯) can be added in front of 省油, but generally is not necessary.

100  Entries 126 – 127: 家丑不可外扬 and 背黑锅 126. 家丑不可外扬 (家醜不可外揚)  jia chiu bù kg wài yáng Translated character by character, 家丑不可外场 means ‘family-shame-not-suitable for-outside-publicize,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘don’t discuss embarrassing family issues in public.’ Its functional translation is ‘don’t wash your dirty laundry/linen in public.’ Example 1: A:

这件事就咱们几个知道，家丑不可外扬，谁也不许说出去。

A: Zhè jiàn shì jiù zánmen jh gè zhcdào, jia chiu bùkg wài yáng, shéi yg bùxj shud cheqù. A: Only the few of us know about this issue. One doesn’t wash dirty linen in public; no one is allowed to discuss this with outsiders. Example 2: A: B:

妈，您看您的宝贝女儿把我给挠的，胳膊全破了。 这件事以后再说。但是，家丑不可外扬。明天上班别人要是问了， 就说是走路不小心自己摔的。

A: Ma, nín kàn nín de bfobèi nr’ér bf wi ggi náo de, gbbo quán pò le. B: Zhè jiàn shì yhhòu zài shud. Dànshì, jia chiu bùkg wài yáng. Míngtian shàngban biérén yàoshì wèn le, jiù shud shì ziulù bù xifoxcn zìjh shuai de. A: Mom, look how your baby daughter scratched me. My whole arm is scratched up. B: We’ll talk about this later, but don’t wash your dirty linen in public. If people at the office ask you tomorrow, just say you accidentally fell while walking. Usage: Used singly. Note: Neutral in meaning.

127. 背黑锅 (背黑鍋)  bbi hbi gud Translated character by character, 背黑锅 means ‘carry on back-black-pot,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to take the blame for someone else.’ Its functional translation is ‘to take the rap,’ or ‘be left holding the bag.’ Example 1:

小李，明天你跟媒体解释一下为什么我们反对现在就改革医疗保险 制度。 B: 局长，又让我背黑锅，媒体还不得把我骂死啊。

A:



Entry 128: 兔子不吃窝边草 101

A: Xifo Lh, míngtian nh gbn méith jigshì yíxià wèishénme wimen ffnduì xiànzài jiù gfigé ycliáo bfoxifn zhìdù. B: Júzhfng, yòu ràng wi bbi hbi gud, méith hái bùdgi bf wi mà sh a. A: Little Li, explain to the media tomorrow why we oppose reforming the healthcare system at this point. B: Director, you’re making me take the rap again. The media will definitely ream me out. Example 2:

外交部长主动辞职了。 B: 这是在为总统背黑锅，谁都知道是总统做的错误决策。 A:

A: Wàijiao bùzhfng zhjdòng cízhí le. B: Zhè shì zài wèi zingting bbi hbi gud, shéi ddu zhcdao shì zingting zuò de cuòwù juédìng. A: The foreign minister resigned. B: He is taking the rap for the president. Everyone knows it was the president’s misguided policy. Usage: Functions as predicate. ‘为/替 + sb’ is often said before ‘背黑锅.’ Note: Neutral in meaning.

128. 兔子不吃窝边草 (兔子不吃窩邊草)  tùzi bù chc wd bian cfo Translated character by character, 兔子不吃窝边草 means ‘hare-not-eat-hole-aroundgrass,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘even a villain doesn’t harm the next door neighbors.’ Example 1:

咱们商店周围的居民把购物车推到他们房子附近，还不给送回来。 我们得警告他们一下。 B: 算了，兔子不吃窝边草，我们还得跟这些邻居搞好关系，吃点儿亏 就吃点儿亏吧。

A:

A: Zánmen shangdiàn zhduwéi de jemín bf gòuwùchb tuc dào tamen fángzi fùjìn, hái bú sòng huílái. Wimen dgi jhnggào tamen yíxià. B: Suàn le, tùzi bù chc wd bian cfo, wimen hái dgi gbn zhèxib línju gfo hfo guanxi, chc difnr kuc jiù chc difnr kuc ba. A: The people living around our store push shopping carts to their homes and don’t bring them back. We should warn them. B: Forget about it. Even a villain doesn’t harm the next door neighbors. We need to have good relations with our neighbors. If it means eating a loss, we’ll eat a loss.

102  Entry 129: 铁饭碗 Example 2: A: B: A:

你好像喜欢上了你们办公室的小李。 是这样。 我劝你赶快打住。兔子不吃窝边草，再说，小李可是有妇之夫啊。 这事儿传出去好说不好听啊。

A: Nh hfoxiàng xhhuan shàng le nhmen bàngdngshì de Xifo Lh. B: Shì zhèyàng. A: Wi quàn nh gfnkuài dfzhù. Tùzi bù chc wd bian cfo, zàishud, Xifo Lh kg shì yiufùzhcfe a. Zhè shìr chuán cheqù hfo shud bù hfo tcng a. A: You seem to have taken a liking to Little Li from your office. B: I have. A: I’d recommend you snap out of it quickly; even a villain doesn’t harm the next door neighbors. Besides, Little Li is a married man. If this got out, it would make juicy gossip. Usage: Used singly. Note: Humorous or neutral in meaning.

129. 铁饭碗 (鐵飯碗)  tig fàn wfn Translated character by character, 铁饭碗 means ‘iron-rice-bowl,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘a very secure job.’ Its functional translation is ‘a cradle-to-grave job,’ ‘cradle-to-grave job security.’ Example 1: A: B:

当个中学老师有什么意思？ 那是铁饭碗，很多人抢着当呢。

A: Dang gè zhdngxué lfoshc yiu shénme yìsc? B: Nà shì tigfànwfn, hgndud rén qifngzhe dang ne. A: What’s interesting about being a high school teacher? B: It’s a cradle-to-grave job. A lot of people are competing to be one. Example 2: A: B:

听说公交系统要私有化了。 早该打破他们的铁饭碗了。

A: Tcngshud gdngjiao xìting yào scyiuhuà le. B: Zfo gai df pò tamen de tigfànwfn le. A: I’ve heard they’re going to privatize the public transit system. B: They should’ve done away with their cradle-to-grave job security long ago.



Entry 130: 冰冻三尺，非一日之寒 103

Usage: Functions mainly as object, often after verbs like ‘打破’, ‘丢掉’, ‘破除’, ‘端着’, ‘捧着’ etc. Note: Neutral in meaning.

130. 冰冻三尺，非一日之寒 (冰凍三尺，非一日之寒)  bcng dòng san chh, fbi yí rì zhc hán Translated character by character, 冰冻三尺，非一日之寒 means ‘ice-frozen-threefeet, not-one-day-’s-cold,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘great happenings do not occur spontaneously, but, rather, are the result of an underlying condition that has accumulated over time.’ Its functional translation is ‘Rome wasn’t built in a day.’ Example 1: A: B:

这家公司怎么有这么多矛盾？ 冰冻三尺，非一日之寒，矛盾越积越深，几乎解决不了了。

A: Zhè jia gdngsc zgnme yiu zhème dud máodùn? B: Bcng dòng san chh, fbi yí rì zhc hán, máodùn yuè jc yuè shbn, jche jigjué bùlifo le. A: How does this company have this many problems? B: Rome wasn’t built in a day. As the problems accumulated, they got worse. The situation is almost unsalvageable now. Example 2: A: B:

中东问题怎么这么复杂？ 冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。从二十世纪四十年代起就有冲突，一直到 现在。

A: Zhdngddng wèntí zgnme zhème fùzá? B: Bcng dòng san chh, fbi yí rì zhc hán. Cóng èrshí shìjì sìshí niándài qh jiù yiu chdngte, yìzhí dào xiànzài. A: How is the Middle East issue so complicated? B: Rome wasn’t built in a day. There have been conflicts ever since the 1940s. Usage: Used singly. Note: Neutral in meaning.

104  Entries 131 – 132: 远亲不如近邻 and 下马威 131. 远亲不如近邻 (遠親不如近鄰)  yufn qcn bù rú jìn lín Translated character by character, 远亲不如近邻 means ‘distant-relative-not-betternear-neighbor’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘neighbors may be more helpful than distant friends.’ Its functional translation is ‘better a close neighbor than a distant brother.’ Example 1: A: B:

你跟你的邻居的关系怎么那么好？ 邻里关系非常重要，远亲不如近邻。如果有事的话，邻居往往能帮 不小的忙。

A: Nh gbn nhde línje de guanxì zgnme nàme hfo? B: Línlh guanxì fbicháng zhòngyào, yufn qcn bùrú jìn lín. Rúgui yiushì de huà, línje wfngwfng néng bang bù xifo de máng. A: How do you have such a good relationship with your neighbor? B: Neighborly relations are very important. Better a close neighbor than a distant brother. If you have a problem, your neighbor can usually help a great deal. Example 2: A:

中国与哈萨克斯坦虽然在历史上往来不多，但两国相邻，远亲不如 近邻，因此加强中哈关系格外重要。

A: Zhdngguó yj Hasakèsctfn sucrán zài lìshh shàng wfnglái bù dud, dàn lifng guó xianglín, yufn qcn bù rú jìn lín, ycnch jiaqiáng Zhdng-Ha guanxì géwài zhòngyào. A: While China and Kazakhstan haven’t had much contact in history, the two countries border each other. Better a close neighbor than a distant brother; so strengthening Sino-Kazakh relations is especially important. Usage: Used singly. Note: Neutral in meaning.

132. 下马威 (下馬威)  xià mf wbi Translated character by character, 下马威 means ‘dismount-horse-imposing manner,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘an action taken to establish an imposing air or advantageous position for oneself.’ Its functional translation is ‘opening gambit.’ Example 1: A:

他那么大年纪了还能整篇背诵林肯的《葛底斯堡演说》，真了不起。



Entry 133: 天下乌鸦一般黑 105

B:

是了不起，同时也是给我们年青人一个下马威，老同志对西方的了 解并不比年青人少。

A: Ta nàme dà niánjì le hái néng zhgng pian bèisòng Línkgn de “Ggdhscbfo Yfnshud”, zhbn lifobùqh. B: Shì lifobùqh, tóngshí yg shì ggi wimen niánqcngrén yígè xiàmfwbi, lfotóngzhì duì xcfang de lifojig bìng bù bh niánqcngrén shfo. A: That he can still recite Lincoln’s whole Gettysburg Address at such an old age is really amazing. B: It is amazing. At the same time, it’s his opening gambit for us young folk. This old guy’s understanding of the West is no less than that of young people. Example 2: A: B:

他刚上任怎么这么凶！ 要给大家一个下马威，现在他说了算。

A: Ta gang shàngrèn zgnme zhème xidng! B: Yào ggi dàjia yígè xiàmfwbi, xiànzài ta shudle suàn. A: He’s only just started; how is he so intimidating? B: It’s his opening gambit for everyone. Now, what he says goes. Usage: Functions as object. Note: Neutral in meaning.

133. 天下乌鸦一般黑 (天下烏鴉一般黑)  tianxià weya yìban hbi Translated character by character, 天下乌鸦一般黑 means ‘heaven-under-crow-sameblack,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘there is no difference between bad people the world over.’ Its functional translation is ‘they’re all the same.’ Example 1: A: B:

这家工厂对我们剥削得太厉害了，要不我们换家工厂吧？ 我看算了吧。天下乌鸦一般黑，说不定下家比这家还黑呢。

A: Zhè jia gdngchfng duì wimen bdxub de tài lìhai le, yàobù wimen huàn jia gdngchfng ba? B: Wi kàn suànle ba. Tianxià weya yìban hbi, shudbúdìng xià jia bh zhè jia hái hbi ne. A: This factory seriously exploits us, why don’t we switch factories? B: Forget about it; they’re all the same. Who’s to say that the next factory won’t be worse than this one?

106  Entry 134: 不到黄河心不死 Example 2: A: B:

你的新男朋友怎么样？ 天下乌鸦一般黑，跟上一个一样，也很花心。男人没一个好东西。

A: Nhde xcn nánpéngyou zgnmeyàng? B: Tianxià weya yìban hbi, gbn shàng yígè yíyàng, yg hgn huaxcn. Nánrén méi yígè hfoddngxi. A: How is your new boyfriend? B: They’re all the same; this one’s the same as the last, unfaithful. Men have no redeeming qualities. Usage: Used singly. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

134. 不到黄河心不死 (不到黃河心不死)  bú dào Huáng Hé xcn bù sh Translated character by character, 不到黄河心不死 means ‘not-arrive-Yellow-Riverheart-not-die,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to not give up until one is unable to continue.’ Its functional translation is ‘it’s not over ’til it’s over.’ Example 1: A: B: A:

我向你保证那个城市一点儿也不好玩儿。 我听别人说过还不错，所以我想去看看。 你呀，不到黄河心不死。后悔以后别跟我说。

A: Wi xiàng nh bfozhèng nàgè chéngshì yìdifnr yg bù hfowánr. B: Wi tcng biérén shudguò hái búcuò, suiyh wi xifng qù kànkàn. A: Nh ya, bú dào Huáng Hé xcn bù sh. Hòuhuh yhhòu bié gbn wi shud. A: I guarantee you that city isn’t any fun at all. B: I’ve heard from other people that it’s pretty nice, so I want to go see it. A: With you, it’s never over ’til it’s over. Don’t come whining to me when you regret it. Example 2: A:

他虽然笨点儿，但是有股不到黄河心不死的劲儿，以后应该会有些 出息的。

A: Ta sucrán bèn difnr, dànshì yiu gj bú dào Huáng Hé xcn bù sh de jìnr, yhhòu ycnggai huì yiuxib chexi de. A: He might be a little dumb, but he has that ‘it’s not over ’til it’s over’ spirit. He should have some success.



Entries 135 – 136: 狗急了跳墙 and 狗眼看人低 107

Usage: Functions mainly as attributive or predicate. Variant: 不到黄河不死心 Note: Neutral in meaning.

135. 狗急了跳墙 (狗急了跳墻)  giu jí le tiào qiáng Translated character by character, 狗急了跳墙 means ‘dog-desperate-ed-jump-wall,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘a desperate person is capable of anything.’ Its functional translation is ‘despair gives courage even to a coward.’ Example 1: A: B:

我们不能逼得太急了。 小心他狗急了跳墙。

A: Wimen bùnéng bc de tài jí le. B: Xifoxcn ta giu jíle tiào qiáng. A: We can’t push too hard. A: Be careful; despair gives courage even to a coward. Example 2: A: B:

他已经黔驴技穷了，我们可以好好收拾收拾他了。 得防止他狗急跳墙，这个家伙什么事都做得出来。

A: Ta yhjcng Qiánlp-jìqióng le, wimen kgyh hfohao shdushi shdushi ta le. B: Dgi fángzhh ta giu jí tiào qiáng, zhègè jiahuo shénme shì ddu zuò de chelai. A: They’re already on their last legs; now we can take care of them. B: You need to keep him from deriving courage from despair. This guy is capable of anything. Usage: Functions as predicate. Variant: 狗急跳墙 Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning.

136. 狗眼看人低 (狗眼看人低)  giu yfn kàn rén dc Translated character by character, 狗眼看人低 means ‘dog-eye-look-people-down,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to be snobbish.’ Its functional translation is ‘to have one’s nose in the air,’ or ‘to be stuck-up.’

108  Entry 137: 只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯 Example 1: A: B:

他对办公室的秘书、清洁工、门卫等从来都是高高在上的样子。 狗眼看人低，希望他别忘了他自己以前不过是个货车司机。

A: Ta duì bàngdngshì de mìshe, qcngjiégdng, ménwèi dgng cónglái ddu shì gaogaozàishàng de yàngzi. B: Giu yfn kàn rén dc, xcwàng ta bié wàngle ta zìjh yhqián búguò shì gè huòchb scjc. A: He seems to always act aloof towards the secretary, janitor, security guard, etc. in the office. B: He’s stuck-up. I hope he doesn’t forget that he was once merely a truck driver. Example 2: A: B:

你刚退休，他跟你说话怎么就这个味儿了？ 这家伙狗眼看人低。我没退休以前他在我面前跟狗似的。

A: Nh gang tuìxie, ta gbn nh shudhuà zgnme jiù zhègè wèir le? B: Zhè jiahuo giu yfn kàn rén dc. Wi méi tuìxie yhqián ta zài wi miànqián gbn giu shìde. A: You just retired. How could he talk to you like that? B: That guy’s got his nose in the air. But, before I retired, he was sycophantic towards me. Usage: Used singly. Note: Derogatory in meaning.

137. 只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯 

(只許州官放火，不許百姓點燈)  zhh xj zhdu guan fàng hui, bù xj bfixìng difn dbng Translated character by character, 只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯 means ‘only-allowprefecture-official-set-fire, not-allow-common-people-light-lamp,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘those in power may do as they desire while common people are restricted.’ Its functional translation is ‘one man may steal a horse while another may not look over a hedge.’ Example 1: A: B:

我听说你停车又挨罚了。 我就在商店门口停了两分钟，进去买了一瓶矿泉水，警察就给了 二百块钱的罚单。他们的警车不执行公务的时候也是随便停车，怎 么不给他们自己罚单。这是什么世道？只许州官放火，不许百姓点 灯，让小老百姓怎么活啊？



Entry 138: 偷鸡摸狗 109

A: Wi tcngshud nh tíngchb yòu ai fá le. B: Wi jiù zài shangdiàn ménkiu tíngle lifng fbnzhdng, jìnqù mfile yì píng kuàngquánshuh, jhngchá jiù ggile èrbfi kuài qián de fádan. Tamen de jhngchb bù zhíxíng gdngwù de shíhòu yg shì suíbiàn tíngchb, zgnme bù ggi tamen zìjh fádan. Zhè shì shénme shìdao? Zhh xj zhduguan fàng hui, bùxj bfixìng difn dbng, ràng xifolfobfixìng zgnme huó a? A: I heard you got another parking fine. B: I parked in front of the store for two minutes and went in to buy a bottle of water, and the policeman gave me a $200 ticket. When they aren’t on duty they park their cop cars wherever they please; why don’t they give themselves tickets? What a society we live in! One man may steal a horse while another may not look over a hedge. How can common people get by? Example 2: A:

美国总是指责别的国家侵犯人权，而对自己国内的问题视而不见， 也不允许其他的国家批评她，只许她自己放火，不许别的国家点 灯。

A: Mgiguó zingshì zhhzé biéde guójia qcnfàn rénquán, ér duì zìjh guónèi de wèntí shì’érbújiàn, yg bù yjnxj qíta de guójia pcpíng ta, zhh xj ta zìjh fàng hui, bù xj biéde guójia difn dbng. A: America always points out when other countries violate human rights, but turns a blind eye to domestic issues and doesn’t allow other countries to criticize it. One man may steal a horse while another may not look over a hedge. Usage: Used singly. Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning.

138. 偷鸡摸狗 (偷雞摸狗)  tdu jc md giu Translated character by character, 偷鸡摸狗 means ‘steal-chicken-pilfer-dog,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to philander,’ or ‘to pilfer.’ Example 1: A:

他初中没毕业就不上学了，也没有工作，人品又不好，常干些偷鸡 摸狗的事。

A: Ta chezhdng méi bìyè jiù bú shàngxué le, yg méiyiu gdngzuò, rénphn yòu bùhfo, cháng gàn xib tdujc-mdgiu de shì. A: When he didn’t graduate from junior high, he stopped going to school, and he doesn’t have a job either. He’s not a good person. He often philanders around.

110  Entry 139: 死马当活马医 Example 2: A:

他都一大把岁数了，还干偷鸡摸狗的勾当，专门骗没有社会经验的 小姑娘。

A: Ta ddu yí dà bf suìshù le, hái gàn tdujc-mdgiu de gòudang, zhuanmén piàn méiyiu shèhuì jcngyàn de xifo geniang. A: He’s good and old already, but he’s still involved in con jobs. He specifically cons young women with no street smarts. Usage: Functions as attributive or predicate. Note: Derogatory in meaning.

139. 死马当活马医 (死馬當活馬醫)  sh mf dang huó mf yc Translated character by character, 死马当活马医 means ‘dead-horse-as-alive-horse-cure,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to make a last attempt to save a hopeless situation.’ Its functional translation is ‘to make a Hail Mary effort.’ Example 1: A: B:

现在咱们单位问题这么大，他来当一把手能行吗？ 我看也够呛，不过死马当活马医，说实话神仙也救不了我们。

A: Xiànzài zánmen danwèi wènti zhème dà, ta lái dang yìbfshiu néng xíng ma? B: Wi kàn yg gòuqiàng, búguò sh mf dang huó mf yc, shud shíhuà shénxian yg jiù bùlifo wimen. A: Our work unit’s problems are so huge. Is he capable of being the boss? B: I looked long and hard, but it’s a Hail Mary pass. To be honest, not even an immortal could save us. Example 2: A: B:

股市这么低迷，这项宏观经济政策能起作用吗？ 死马当活马医吧，有好办法的话绝不会用现在的办法。

A: Gjshì zhème dcmí, zhè xiàng hóngguan jcngjì zhèngcè néng qh zuòyòng ma? B: Sh mf dang huó mf yc ba, yiu hfo bànff de huà jué búhuì yòng xiànzài de bànff. A: With the stock market so depressed, can this macroeconomic policy be effective? B: It’s a Hail Mary effort. If there were a good solution, we absolutely wouldn’t be pursuing this policy. Usage: Used singly or functions as predicate. Note: Neutral in meaning.



Entries 140 – 141: 新官上任三把火 and 对号入座 111 140. 新官上任三把火 (新官上任三把火)  xcn guan shàng rèn san bf hui

Translated character by character, 新官上任三把火 means ‘new-official-take-officethree-MW-fire,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to make drastic changes to an organization upon taking charge.’ Example 1: A:

王市长新官上任三把火，第一把火就把市政府工作人员裁员百分之 二十。

A: Wáng shìzhfng xcn guan shàngrèn san bf hui, dì-yc bf hui jiù bf shìzhèngfj gdngzuò rényuán cáiyuán bfi fbn zhc èrshí. A: Mayor Wang made drastic changes when he took office. The first thing he did was lay off 20 percent of municipal government employees. Example 2: A:

报纸主编新官上任三把火，增加了地方版块的内容，增加了社论， 也增加了广告。结果在很短时间内把一份死气沉沉的报纸办得有声 有色。

A: Bàozhh zhjbian xcn guan shàngrèn san bf hui, zbngjia le dìfang bfnkuài de nèiróng, zbngjia le shèlùn, yg zbngjia le gufnggào. Jiégui zài hgn dufn shíjian nèi bf yí fèn shqìchénchén de bàozhh bàn de yiushbng-yiusè. A: The new editor in chief made drastic changes when he took charge. He added to the local news section, increased editorials, and increased ads. As a result, in a very short time, he revived a lifeless paper. Usage: Functions as predicate or used singly. Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.

141. 对号入座 (對號入座)  duì hào rù zuò Translated character by character, 对号入座 means ‘according-number-enter-seat,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to make a connection.’ Example 1: A: B:

你什么意思？ 唉，我是讲笑话，你别对号入座啊？

A: Nh shénme yìsc? B: Èi, wi shì jifng xiàohuà, nh bié duìhào rùzuò a?

112  Entry 142: 十万八千里 A: What do you mean? B: Huh? I’m joking. Don’t read into it. Example 2: A: B:

你怎么看出来这部话剧讽刺的是哪些人？ 你听话剧里的主人公的姓名是不是有些奇怪？你只要根据谐音，就 可以对号入座了。

A: Nh zgnme kàn chelái zhè bù huàjù fgngcì de shì nfxib rén? B: Nh tcng huàjù lh de zhjréngdng de xìngmíng shì búshì yiuxib qíguài? Nh zhhyào gbnjù xiéycn, jiù kgyh duìhào rùzuò le. A: How can you tell that this play is satirizing them? B: Doesn’t the protagonist’s name sound a little odd? If you change the pronunciation, everything will fall into place. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Neutral in meaning. In order to prevent lawsuits, the opening credits of movies and TV shows often say: This story is purely fictional, please don’t 对号入座.

142. 十万八千里 (十萬八千里)  shí wàn ba qian lh Translated character by character, 十万八千里 means ‘ten-ten thousand-eightthousand-miles,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to have a long way to go.’ Its functional translation is ‘worlds apart.’ Example 1: A: B:

他就是当代的孔圣人！ 你别忽悠了，他跟孔夫子相差何止十万八千里！

A: Ta jiù shì dangdài de King shèngrén! B: Nh bié heydu le, ta gbn Kingfezh xiangchà hézhh shí wàn ba qian lh! A: He is a modern Confucius! B: Don’t jerk me around. He and Confucius are worlds apart! Example 2: A:

她理想的世界与现实简直相差十万八千里。这让她难以接受。

A: Ta lhxifng de shìjiè yj xiànshí jifnzhí xiangchà shí wàn ba qian lh. Zhè ràng ta nányh jibshòu. A: Her ideal world is truly worlds apart from the reality. It’s hard for her to accept. Usage: Functions as object. Note: Neutral in meaning.



Entry 143: 露马脚 113 143. 露马脚 (露馬腳)  lòu mf jifo

Translated character by character, 露马脚 means ‘expose-horse-foot,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to accidentally reveal information about one’s wrongdoing.’ Its functional translation is ‘to let the cat out of the bag.’ Example 1: A: B:

这个坏蛋太狡猾了，让人抓不到他的一点把柄。 别着急，即使他再狡猾，总有一天也会露出马脚的。

A: Zhègè huàidàn tài jifohuá le, ràng rén zhuabúdào ta de yì difn bfbhng. B: Bié zháojí, jíshh ta zài jifohuá, zingyiuyìtian yg huì lòu che mfjifo de. A: This scoundrel’s too cunning. He makes it hard to get a handle on him. B: Don’t worry. No matter how cunning he is, there will be a day when he’ll let the cat out of the bag. Example 2: A: B:

你怎么知道他在撒谎？ 他前面说的谎话还能自圆其说，可是后来说那天路很黑，没有月亮， 所以他迷路了。这句话露了马脚，因为那天晚上的月亮又大又圆。

A: Nh zgnme zhcdao ta zài sahufng? B: Ta qiánmiàn shud de hufnghuà hái néng zìyuán-qíshud, kgshì hòulái shud nà tian lù hgn hbi, méi yiu yuèliang, suiyh ta mílù le. Zhè jù huà lòule mfjifo, ycnwèi nà tian wfnshang de yuèliang yòu dà yòu yuán. A: How did you know he was lying? B: He could explain away the first lie he told but, after that, he said that since the road was dark and there was no moonlight, he got lost. With that sentence, he let the cat out of the bag, because there was a full moon that night. Usage: Functions as predicate. Variant: 露出马脚 Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning. Folk legend holds that the wife of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, had large feet and the surname Ma. At a time when female children in wealthy families would have their feet bound, this fact revealed that she had come from a poor family. This is how the proverb 露马脚 was born.

114  Entries 144 – 145: 公说公有理，婆说婆有理 and 上刀山，下火海 144. 公说公有理，婆说婆有理 (公說公有理，

婆說婆有理)  gdng shud gdng yiu lh, pó shud pó yiu lh Translated character by character, 公说公有理，婆说婆有理 means ‘grandpa-saygrandpa-reasonable, grandma-say-grandma-reasonable,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘each side believes it is correct,’ or ‘both sides have their merits.’ Example 1: A:

有人说加税能促进经济发展，而也有人说减税能促进经济发展，双 方都有例证，对这个问题，真是公说公有理，婆说婆有理。

A: Yiurén shud jiashuì néng cùjìn jcngjì fazhfn, ér yg yiurén shud jifnshuì néng cùjìn jcngjì fazhfn, shuangfang ddu yiu lìzhèng, duì zhègè wènti, zhbn shì gdng shud gdng yiulh, pó shud pó yiulh. A: Some people say increasing taxes can promote economic development, but other people say cutting taxes can promote economic development. Both sides have evidence, but, on this issue, both sides have their merits. Example 2: A:

两口子吵架，公说公有理，婆说婆有理，外人根本判断不出到底谁有理。

A: Lifngkiuzi chfojià, gdng shud gdng yiulh, pó shud pó yiulh, wàirén gbnbgn pànduàn bù che dàodh shéi yiulh. A: When the couple was fighting, each believed they were right. The onlookers really couldn’t decide who was, in fact, correct. Usage: Functions mainly as predicate. Note: Neutral in meaning.

145. 上刀山，下火海 (上刀山，下火海)  shàng dao shan, xià hui hfi Translated character by character, 上刀山, 下火海 means ‘climb-knife-mountain, go into-fire-sea,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘no matter the inconvenience or danger.’ Its functional translation is ‘come hell or high water.’ Example 1: A: B: A:

这件事就拜托你了。 哪儿的话！别说这点儿事，就是上刀山，下火海我也去办。 好，真是好哥们儿。



Entry 146: 打退堂鼓 115

A: Zhè jiàn shì jiù bàitud nh le. B: Nfr de huà! Bié shud zhè difnr shì, jiùshì shàng dao shan, xià hui hfi wi yg qù bàn. A: Hfo, zhbn shì hfo gbmenr. A: I beg you this one thing. B: Don’t say that! Even for something bigger, I’d take care of it for you, come hell or high water. A: Good. You’re really a good guy. Example 2: A:

他有一种不怕死的劲头儿，所以上刀山，下火海，什么事都敢干。

A: Ta yiu yìzhing bú pà sh de jìntóur, suiyh shàng dao shan, xià hui hfi, shénme shì ddu gfn gàn. A: He’s fearless so, come hell or high water, he’ll do anything. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Neutral in meaning.

146. 打退堂鼓 (打退堂鼓)  df tuì táng gj Translated character by character, 打退堂鼓 means ‘beat-retreat-hall-drum,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to withdraw from an endeavor.’ Its functional translation is ‘to beat a retreat.’ Example 1: A: B:

我看，这事咱们往后放一放吧？ 怎么，你想打退堂鼓了？

A: Wi kàn, zhè shì zánmen wfnghòu fàng yí fàng ba? B: Zgnme, nh xifng df tuìtánggj le? A: I think we should push this issue back. B: What? You want to beat a retreat? Example 2: A:

在她最艰难的时刻曾经想过打退堂鼓；不过，后来咬牙坚持了下 来。

A: Zài ta zuì jiannán de shíkè céngjcng xifngguò df tuìtánggj; búguò, hòulái yfoyá jianchí le xiàlái. A: In her darkest moment, she once considered beating a retreat, but then, she gritted her teeth and trudged on.

116  Entry 147: 磨刀不误砍柴工 Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Neutral in meaning.

147. 磨刀不误砍柴工 (磨刀不誤砍柴工)  mó dao bú wù kfn chái gdng Translated character by character, 磨刀不误砍柴工 means ‘sharpen-knife-not-delaycut-firewood-work,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘preparing fully and properly will speed the task at hand.’ Its functional translation is ‘a beard well lathered is half shaved.’ Example 1: A: B:

我的羽毛球水平怎么提高得这么慢？ 我观察你的步法有问题。你还是先把步法练习好吧。磨刀不误砍柴 工。如果步法有问题，很难提高水平。

A: Wide yjmáoqiú shuhpíng zgnme tígao de zhème màn? B: Wi guanchá nhde bùff yiu wèntí. Nh háishì xian bf bùff liànxí hfo ba. Mó dao bú wù kfn chái gdng. Rúgui bùff yiu wèntí, hgn nán tígao shuhpíng. A: How is my badminton game improving so slowly? B: I see your footwork is bad. You should practice your footwork first. A beard well lathered is half shaved. If your footwork is bad, it’s difficult to improve your game. Example 2: A:

公司对新员工的培训是绝对必要的，因为磨刀不误砍柴工。培训能 使员工在以后减少错误。

A: Gdngsc duì xcn yuángdng de péixùn shì juéduì bìyào de, ycnwèi mó dao bú wù kfn chái gdng. Péixùn néng shh yuángdng zài yhhòu jifnshfo cuòwù. A: The company’s training of new employees is absolutely necessary, because a beard well lathered is half shaved. Training can reduce the number of mistakes employees make in the future. Usage: Used mainly singly. Note: Complimentary in meaning.



Entries 148 – 149: 风马牛不相及 and 一山不容二虎 117 148. 风马牛不相及 (風馬牛不相及)  fbng mf niú bù xiang jí

Translated character by character, 风马牛不相及 means ‘wind-horse-ox-not-mutualrelate,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to be utterly unrelated.’ Its functional translation is ‘to be as different as chalk and cheese’ or ‘as different as night and day.’ Example 1: A: B:

今天讲座的题目是“孔子弹琴与梵高画画”，你要去听吗？ 我不去，这两件事之间有什么联系？简直风马牛不相及。

A: Jcntian jifngzuò de tímù shì “King zh tánqín yj Fàngao huà huà”, nh yào qù tcng ma? B: Wi bú qù, zhè lifng jiàn shì zhcjian yiu shénme liánxì? Jifn zhí fbng mf niú bù xiang jí. A: The topic of today’s lecture is “Confucius playing the zither and Van Gogh painting.” Do you want to go? B: No. What do those things have in common? They’re really as different as chalk and cheese. Example 2: A: B: A:

他想象力很丰富。 怎么丰富？ 把风马牛不相及的博弈论引入了经济学，开创了一门新学科。

A: Ta xifngxiànglì hgn fbngfù. B: Zgnme fbngfù? A: Bf fbng mf niú bù xiang jí de bóyìlùn yhnrù le jcngjìxué, kaichuàng le yì mén xcn xuékb. A: His imagination is very active. B: How so? A: He incorporated the completely unrelated discipline of game theory into economics, creating a new field. Usage: Functions as predicate or attributive. Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning.

149. 一山不容二虎 (一山不容二虎)  yc shan bù róng èr hj Translated character by character, 一山不容二虎 means ‘one-mountain-notaccommodate-two-tigers,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘two tigers cannot share one mountain.’

118  Entry 150: 眼里揉不得沙子 Example 1: A: B:

科比和奥尼尔怎么只赢了三个总冠军？ 两个人都是顶尖球星，但是一山不容二虎，在湖人队，两个人都想 当独一无二的老大，所以最后几年两个人不和。

A: Kbbh hé Àoní’gr zgnme zhh yíngle san gè zingguànjen? B: Lifng gè rén ddu shì dhngjian qiúxcng, dànshì yc shan bù róng èr hj, zài Húrén duì, lifng gè rén ddu xifng dang dúyc-wú’èr de lfodà, suiyh zuìhòu jh nián lifng gè rén bùhé. A: How have Kobe and Shaq only won three championships? B: Both are top-notch players, but two tigers cannot share one mountain. On the Lakers, they both want to be top dog, so in the last few years, they haven’t gelled. Example 2: A: B: A:

这个公司以后麻烦大了。 怎么讲？ 首席执行官与董事长对企业的发展战略观点不同，一山不容二虎， 以后肯定会出乱子。

A: Zhègè gdngsc yhhòu máfan dà le. B: Zgnme jifng? A: Shiuxí zhíxíngguan yj dingshìzhfng duì qhyè de fazhfn zhànluè guandifn bùtóng, yc shan bù róng èr hj, yhhòu kgndìng huì che luànzi. A: This company is going to have a lot of trouble later on. B: What do you mean? A: The CEO and the chairman of the board have different views regarding the company’s development strategy. Two tigers cannot share one mountain; in the future, it’ll definitely come to a head. Usage: Used singly. Variant: 一山容不下二虎 Note: Neutral in meaning.

150. 眼里揉不得沙子 (眼裏揉不得沙子)  yfn lh róu bù de shazi Translated character by character, 眼里揉不得沙子 means ‘eye-in-rob-not-bearablesand,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘one doesn’t want to allow small mistakes or slights to pass.’ Its functional translation is ‘to not let things slide.’



Entry 151: 三下五除二 119

Example 1: A: B:

新老板来了，怎么大家都这么努力？ 你没看出来吗？新老板是个眼里揉不得沙子的人，老实点儿吧。

A: Xcn lfobfn lái le, zgnme dàjia ddu zhème njlì? B: Nh méi kàn chelái ma? Xcn lfobfn shì gè yfn lh róu bù de shazi de rén, lfoshí difnr ba. A: Why is everyone so diligent since the new boss got here? B: Can’t you see? The new boss isn’t one to let things slide. You should be a little better behaved. Example 2: A:

她喜欢争强好胜，眼里揉不进一粒沙子，不想吃一点儿亏，因此常 跟别人吵架。

A: Ta xhhuan zhbngqiáng-hfoshèng, yfn lh róu bú jìn yí lì shazi, bù xifng chc yìdifnr kuc, ycnch cháng gbn biérén chfojià. A: She likes to excel over others, she can’t let things slide, and doesn’t like to lose, so she often fights with others. Usage: Functions as predicate or attributive. Variant: 眼里容不得沙子 Note: Neutral in meaning.

151. 三下五除二 (三下五除二)  san xià wj chú èr Translated character by character, 三下五除二 means ‘(add) three-get-five-(but) take off-two,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘in no time (flat),’ or ‘deftly.’ Example 1: A:

他三下五除二就把一个大西瓜切成了32块。

A: Ta san xià wj chú èr jiù bf yígè dà xcgua qib chéng le 32 kuài. A: He cut a watermelon into 32 pieces in no time flat. Example 2: A:

我的汽车不能启动了，我以为出了大问题，没想到我的朋友三下五 除二就把汽车修好了，前后不超过十五分钟。

A: Wide qìchb bùnéng qhdòng le, wi yhwéi chele dà wènti, méi xifng dào wide péngyou san xià wj chú èr jiù bf qìchb xiehfo le, qiánhòu bú chaoguò shíwj fènzhdng.

120  Entry 152: 泼冷水 A: My car wouldn’t start, so I thought there was a big problem. I wouldn’t have thought that my friend could repair it in no time, taking less than fifteen minutes. Usage: Functions as adverbial. Note: Neutral in meaning.

152. 泼冷水 (潑冷水)  pd lgng shuh Translated character by character, 泼冷水 means ‘pour-cold-water,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to be discouraging or negative about someone’s ideas or hopes.’ Its functional translation is ‘to pour cold water on.’ Example 1: A: B:

这个年青人太不实际了。 不过我们也要从另一个角度看，那就是有热情，所以我们不能总 泼冷水，还要适当鼓励。

A: Zhègè niánqcngrén tài bù shíjì le. B: Búguò wimen yg yào cóng lìngyígè jifodù kàn, nà jiù shì yiu rèqíng, suiyh wimen bùnéng zing pdlgngshuh, hái yào shìdang gjlì. A: This young person is so unrealistic. B: But we also have to look at it from another vantage point. That’s just enthusiasm, so we can’t always pour cold water on his ideas; we have to encourage him appropriately. Example 2: A:

在年终大会上，公司领导层给员工泼了一盆冷水，说明年不再涨 工资，并且裁员百分之三十。

A: Zài niánzhdng dàhuì shàng, gdngsc lhngdfo céng ggi yuángdng pdle yì pén lgngshuh, shud míngnián búzài zhfng gdngzc, bìngqig cáiyuán bfi fbn zhc sanshí. A: At the annual meeting, the company’s management poured cold water on the employees’ hopes, saying salaries wouldn’t be increased next year and 30 percent of the employees would be laid off. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Derogatory in meaning.



Entries 153 – 154: 杀鸡给猴看 and 生米做成熟饭 121 153. 杀鸡给猴看 (殺雞給猴看)  sha jc ggi hóu kàn

Translated character by character, 杀鸡给猴看 means ‘kill-chicken-for-monkey-see,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to punish someone in order to ensure the obedience of others.’ Its functional translation is ‘to throw the book at someone to set an example.’ Example 1: A: B:

学校为什么这么严厉地处罚了那个作弊的学生？ 学校杀鸡给猴看，现在学生的学习风气太差了，尤其是考试风气。

A: Xuéxiào wèishénme zhème yánlì de chjfále nàgè zuòbì de xuésheng? B: Xuéxiào sha jc ggi hóu kàn, xiànzài xuésheng de xuéxí fbngqì tài chà le, yóuqí shì kfoshì fbngqì. A: Why did the school punish the student who cheated so severely? B: The school was throwing the book at him to set an example. Students’ study habits are so bad, particularly with regards to test-taking. Example 2:

新市长上任以后不久，就找个借口把公安局长撤职了。公安局长的 资历可老了。 B: 这是杀鸡给猴看，是在树立威信，别人不听话就得落相同的下场。

A:

A: Xcn shìzhfng shàngrèn yhhòu bùjij, jiù zhfo gè jièkiu bf gdng’an júzhfng chèzhí le. Gdng’an júzhfng de zclì kg lfo le. B: Zhè shì sha jc ggi hóu kàn, shì zài shùlì wbixìn, biéren bù tcnghuà jij dgi luò xiangtóng de xiàchfng. A: Soon after the new mayor took office, he sought out an excuse to dismiss the police chief. The chief ’s record of service was quite long. B: That’s throwing the book at him to make an example. He’s establishing a reputation for himself that those who don’t obey him will suffer a similar fate. Usage: Functions as predicate. ‘猴’ is usually rendered ‘猴儿’ in colloquial expression. Note: Humorous or neutral in meaning.

154. 生米做成熟饭 (生米做成熟飯)  shbng mh zuò chéng shú fàn Translated character by character, 生米做成熟饭 means ‘raw-rice-made-into-cookedrice,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘something has already been done and cannot be undone.’ Its functional translation is ‘the die is cast,’ or ‘what’s done is done.’

122  Entry 155: 初生牛犊不怕虎 Example 1: A:

这对年青人的父母本来反对他们的婚事，可是两个人已经怀孕， 生米做成了熟饭，父母没有办法，只好答应让他们结婚。

A: Zhè duì niánqcngrén de fùmj bgnlái ffnduì tamen de henshì, kgshì lifng gè rén yhjcng huáiyùn, shbng mh zuò chéng le shú fàn, fùmj méiyiu bànff, zhhhfo dayìng ràng tamen jiéhen. A: This young couple’s parents initially opposed their marriage, but they’ve already conceived a child. The die is cast. Their parents don’t have any choice. They should say that they’ll allow them to get married. Example 2: A: B:

要是上头反对怎么办？ 我们把事情先做了，生米做成熟饭，上头虽然不高兴，最多不过批 评几句罢了。

A: Yàoshì shàngtou ffnduì zgnme bàn? B: Wimen bf shìqíng xian zuò le, shbng mh zuò chéng shú fàn, shàngtou sucrán bù gaoxìng, zuìdud búguò pcpíng jh jù bà le. A: And what if the higher-ups are opposed? B: Let’s get it done first. The die is cast. While the boss will be angry, at the most he’ll criticize us a little and that’s it. Usage: Functions as predicate. Variant: 生米煮成（了）熟饭 Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning. Often said in reference to two people consummating a relationship.

155. 初生牛犊不怕虎 (初生牛犢不怕虎)  che shbng niú dú bú pà hj Translated character by character, 初生牛犊不怕虎 means ‘newly-born-calf-not-feartiger,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘the young are not fearful.’ Its functional translation is ‘youth knows no fear.’ Example 1: A: B:

我担心做不好。 担心什么！你这么年青，得有一种初生牛犊不怕虎的精神。年青人 犯错误是可以原谅的，但是不能原谅的是胆小怕事，缩手缩脚。



Entry 156: 铁公鸡 123

A: Wi danxcn zuò bù hfo. B: Danxcn shénme! Nh zhème niánqcng, dgi yiu yìzhing che shbng niúdú bú pà hj de jcngshen. Niánqcngrén fàn cuòwù shì kgyh yuánliàng de, dànshì bùnéng yuánliàng de shì dfnxifo pàshì, sudshiu-sudjifo. A: I’m afraid I won’t be able to do well. B: What’re you afraid of ! At this young age, you should have a ‘youth knows no fear’ mindset. If young people make mistakes, they can be forgiven; but what can’t be forgiven is being timid and afraid to take on responsibilities, and shrinking from challenges. Example 2: A:

这个年轻选手初生牛犊不怕虎，面对世界排名第一的选手，打得很 勇敢，很有自信。

A: Zhègè niánqcng xufnshiu che shbng niúdú bú pà hj, miànduì shìjiè páimíng dì-yc de xufnshiu, df de hgn yinggfn, hgn yiu zìxìn. A: This young competitor knows no fear. When he faced the first-ranked competitor, he played with great courage and self-confidence. Usage: Functions as predicate, or attributive of ‘精神’, ‘劲儿’, ‘劲头’, or ‘勇气.’ It can also be used singly. Note: Humorous and complimentary in meaning. 156. 铁公鸡 (鐵公雞)  tig gdng jc Translated character by character, 铁公鸡 means ‘iron-rooster,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘one who is stingy with money.’ Its functional translation is ‘miser,’ or ‘tightwad.’ Example 1: A: B: A:

这次他捐了多少钱？ 一万块。 他是亿万富翁，才捐了一万块，真是只铁公鸡。

A: Zhècì ta juanle dudshfo qián? B: Yí wàn kuài. A: Ta shì yìwànfùwbng, cái juanle yí wàn kuài, zhbn shì zhc tiggdngjc. A: How much did he donate this time? B: 10,000 RMB. A: He’s a multi-millionaire and he only donated 10,000 RMB? He really is a miser.

124  Entry 157: 无事不登三宝殿 Example 2: A:

他是铁公鸡，自己用过的旧东西包装一下就当礼物送给别人了。

A: Ta shì tiggdngjc, zìjh yòngguò de jiù ddngxc baozhuang yíxià jiù dang lhwù sòngggi biérén le. A: He’s a tightwad. He wraps up things he’s already used to serve as presents for others. Usage: Functions as predicative. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

157. 无事不登三宝殿 (無事不登三寶殿)  wú shì bù dbng san bfo diàn Translated character by character, 无事不登三宝殿 means ‘no-issue-not-mount-threetreasure-temple,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘one never visits unless they need something.’ Example 1: A: （电话）老李，晚上有事吗？没事我过去跟你聊聊天儿。 B: 你是无事不登三宝殿，肯定有事找我。过来吧，我没事。 A: (diàn huà) Lfo Lh, wfnshang yiu shì ma? Méi shì wi guòqù gbn nh liáoliáo tianr. B: Nh shì wú shì bù dbng sanbfodiàn, kgndìng yiu shì zhfo wi. Guòlái ba, wi méi shì. A: (On the phone) Old Li, are you up to anything tonight? If not, I’d like to come over and chat with you. B: I only ever hear from you when you need help, so you definitely want something from me. Come on over. I’m free. Example 2: A: B:

大驾光临，欢迎欢迎。 哪里哪里，我们是无事不登三宝殿，请您帮忙来了。

A: Dàjià guanglín, huanyíng huanyíng. B: Nflh nflh, wimen shì wú shì bù dbng sanbfodiàn, qhng nín bangmáng lái le. A: We are honored by your presence. Welcome. B: There’s no need to stand on ceremony. We never visit unless we need something. We’ve come to ask you for help. Usage: Functions as predicate or predicative. Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.



Entries 158 – 159: 马后炮 and 掉链子 125 158. 马后炮 (馬後炮)  mf hòu pào

Translated character by character, 马后炮 means ‘(of Chinese chess) horse-behindcannon,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘a belated action.’ Its functional translation is ‘to be wise after the fact.’ Example 1: A: B:

我早就知道他们会分手，他们性格不合。 你这不是马后炮嘛。以前你还说过他们俩挺般配的呢。

A: Wi zfo jiù zhcdao tamen huì fbnshiu, tamen xìnggé bùhé. B: Nh zhè búshì mfhòupào ma. Yhqián nh hái shudguo tamen lif thng banpèi de ne. A: I knew long ago that they were going to break up. Their personalities didn’t gel. B: Aren’t you being wise after the fact? You said before that they were a good match. Example 2: A: B:

你要是听了我的，买了这只股票，你就发了。 你别给我马后炮了。我以前老听你的，吃的亏还少啊！

A: Nh yàoshi tcngle wide, mfile zhè zhc gjpiào, nh jiù fa le. B: Nh bié ggi wi mfhòupào le. Wi yhqián lfo tcng nhde, chc de kuc hái shfo a! A: If you had listened to me and bought this stock, you would have been rich. B: Don’t be wise after the fact. I used to always listen to you and I lost a good deal of money. Usage: Functions mainly as an object or predicate. Note: Humorous and slightly derogatory in meaning. ‘马后炮’ is a very formidable tactic in Chinese chess.

159. 掉链子 (掉鏈子)  diào liànzi Translated character by character, 掉链子 means ‘slip off-(bike) chain,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to make a mistake at a crucial moment, resulting in the failure of a plan.’ Its functional translation is ‘to fumble the ball.’ Example 1: A: B:

他是怎么搞的？怎么在法官面前结结巴巴？ 是啊，平时能说会道的，关键时候掉链子。

A: Ta shì zgnme gfo de? Zgnme zài ffguan miànqián jibjiebaba? B: Shì a, píngshí néngshud-huìdào de, guanjiàn shíhou diàoliànzi.

126  Entry 160: 纸老虎 A: What’s up with him? How could he stammer in front of the judge? B: Yeah, normally he’s eloquent, but at the critical moment he fumbled the ball. Example 2: A: B: A:

第一次约会紧张不紧张？ 说实话，挺紧张的。 紧张一点儿没关系，只要不掉链子就行。

A: Dì-yc cì yubhuì jhnzhang bù jhnzhang? B: Shud shíhuà, thng jhnzhang de. A: Jhnzhang yìdifnr méiguanxì, zhhyào bú diàoliànzi jiù xíng. A: Are you nervous on your first date? B: Honestly, I’m pretty nervous. A: It doesn’t matter if you’re a little nervous, so long as you don’t fumble the ball it’s all good. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.

160. 纸老虎 (紙老虎)  zhh lfohj Translated character by character, 纸老虎 means ‘paper-tiger.’ Its functional translation, popularized through Mao Zedong’s usage of the phrase, is ‘paper tiger.’ Example 1: A:

毛泽东说过美国是纸老虎。

A: Máo Zéddng shudguò Mgiguó shì zhhlfohj. A: Mao Zedong said the US is a paper tiger. Example 2: A: B:

他看起来那么厉害！ 别害怕，他就是只纸老虎，没有真本事。

A: Ta kàn qhlái nàme lìhai! B: Bié hàipà, ta jiù shì zhc zhhlfohj, méiyiu zhbn bgnshì. A: He looks so imposing! B: Don’t be afraid, he’s just a paper tiger. He doesn’t have any real ability. Usage: Functions as object or predicative. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.



Entries 161 – 162: 狐狸精 and 丑话说在前头 127 161. 狐狸精 (狐狸精)  húli jcng

Translated character by character, 狐狸精 means ‘fox-demon,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘a shrewd and enticing woman.’ Its functional translation is ‘a vixen,’ or ‘a siren.’ Example 1: A: B:

你这个狐狸精，勾引别人老公，要脸不要脸？ 骂人有什么用？有本事管住你自己的老公啊！

A: Nh zhègè húlijcng, gduyhn biérén lfogdng, yào lifn bú yào lifn? B: Màrén yiu shénme yòng? Yiu bgnshi gufn zhù nh zìjh de lfogdng a! A: You vixen, seducing other people’s husbands. Have you no honor? B: What use is berating people? You should have the ability to control your own husband! Example 2: A:

那个女人是个狐狸精，你不要被她迷上啊！

A: Nàgè nrrén shì gè húlijcng, nh búyào bèi ta mí shàng a! A: That woman is a siren. Don’t let her seduce you! Usage: Functions as predicative. Note: Derogatory in meaning.

162. 丑话说在前头 (醜話說在前頭)  chiu huà shud zài qiántou Translated character by character, 丑话说在前头 means ‘ugly-words-speak-at-outset,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘let’s get the unpleasant part/unpleasantness out of the way,’ or ‘let’s be candid here.’ Example 1: A: B:

我说话算数。 咱们把丑话说在前头。如果你说话不算数，我们只好法庭上见。

A: Wi shudhuà suànshù. B: Zánmen bf chiu huà shud zài qiántou. Rúgui nh shudhuà bú suànshù, wimen zhhhfo fftíng shàng jiàn. A: I stand by my word. B: Let’s get the unpleasantness out of the way. If your word doesn’t hold, I’ll see you in court.

128  Entry 163: 半路杀出个程咬金 Example 2: A:

这件事意义至关重大，拜托你们加把劲儿。不过，丑话说在前头， 如果谁让我丢脸，我就让谁丢饭碗。

A: Zhè jiàn shì yìyì zhìguan zhòngdà, bàitud nhmen jia bf jìnr. Búguò, chiu huà shud zài qiántou, rúgui shéi ràng wi dielifn, wi jiù ràng shéi die fànwfn. A: The implications of this affair are huge. I’m asking you to work a little harder. But, let’s be candid here, if anyone makes me lose face, I’ll make them unemployed. Usage: Functions as predicate. Variant: 把丑话说在前头 Note: Neutral in meaning.

163. 半路杀出个程咬金 (半路殺出個程咬金)  bàn lù sha che gè Chéng Yfojcn Translated character by character, 半路杀出个程咬金 means ‘half-way-jump-out-aCheng Yaojin,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘an unexpected opponent appears halfway.’ Its functional translation is ‘someone threw a wrench in the works.’ Example 1: A: B:

会议开得怎么样？ 本来都商量好了，都觉得肯定没有问题了。没想到半路杀出个程咬金， 王副市长极力反对，最后没成功。

A: Huìyì kai de zgnmeyàng? B: Bgnlái ddu shangliang hfo le, ddu juéde méi wèntí le. Méixifngdào bànlù sha che gè Chéng Yfojcn, Wáng fùshìzhfng jílì ffnduì, zuìhòu méi chénggdng. A: How was the meeting? B: Everything had been hammered out, everyone thought there definitely wouldn’t be any more issues. We wouldn’t have guessed that Mayor Wangfu would throw a wrench in the works by unexpectedly doing his utmost to oppose the proposal. In the end, the proposal didn’t succeed. Example 2: A:

这次法国网球公开赛，大家都以为四大天王中的一人会得冠军，结 果半路杀出个程咬金，一个排名很低的选手击败了四大天王中的三 个并最终夺冠。



Entry 164: 麻雀虽小，五脏俱全 129

A: Zhècì Ffguó Wfngqiú Gdngkaisài, dàjia ddu yhwéi sìdàtianwáng zhdng de yì rén huì dé guànjen, jiégui bànlù sha che gè Chéng Yfojcn, yígè páimíng hgn dc de xufnshiu jc bài le sìdàtianwáng zhdng de san gè bìng zuìzhdng duóguàn. A: In this year’s French Open, everyone thought that one of the ‘Four Emperors’ would take the championship. However, in the end, a low-ranked contestant threw a wrench in the works and beat three of the ‘Four Emperors’ to win the championship. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Humorous or neutral in meaning. Cheng Yaojin (589–665) was a general in the period between the Sui and Tang Dynasties. He often ambushed his enemies on roads and, as such, this proverb was born.

164. 麻雀虽小，五脏俱全 (麻雀雖小，五臟俱全)  má què suc xifo, wj zàng jù quán Translated character by character, 麻雀虽小，五脏俱全 means ‘sparrow-althoughsmall, five-organs-all-complete,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘even if something is small, it can still contain the essentials.’ Example 1: A:

游轮虽然不太大，但是上面什么都有，客房、商店、饭馆、赌场、 邮局、电子游戏厅、自动取款机等，麻雀虽小，五脏俱全。

A: Yóulún sucrán bú tài dà, dànshì shàngmiàn shénme ddu yiu, kèfáng, shangdiàn, fàngufn, djchfng, yóujú, diànzh yóuxìtcng, zìdòng qjkufnjc dgng, máquè suc xifo, wjzàng jùquán. A: Although the cruise ship wasn’t so big, it had everything on board, including guest rooms, stores, restaurants, a casino, a post office, an arcade, an ATM, etc. Even though it isn’t big, it has everything one needs. Example 2: A:

从一个小城市的治理也能看出这个国家的治理方式，因为麻雀虽 小，五脏俱全。

A: Cóng yígè xifo chéngshì de zhìlh yg néng kànche zhègè guójia de zhìlh fangshì, ycnwèi máquè suc xifo, wjzàng jùquán. A: From a small city’s governance, you can see the way this country is governed, because even small things have all of the essential parts. Usage: Used singly. Note: Neutral in meaning.

130  Entries 165 – 166: 虎毒不食子 and 小不忍则乱大谋 165. 虎毒不食子 (虎毒不食子)  hj dú bù shí zh Translated character by character, 虎毒不食子 means ‘tiger-vicious-not-eat-cub,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘even a monster would not hurt its own children.’ Example 1: A: B:

没想到他这么没有人性！ 虎毒不食子，他竟然把亲生孩子给害死了！

A: Méi xifng dào ta zhème méiyiu rénxìng! B: Hj dú bù shí zh, ta jìngrán bf qcnshbng háizi ggi hàish le! A: I wouldn’t have thought he was this inhuman. B: Even a monster would not hurt its own children. He even killed his own child. Example 2: A:

虎毒不食子，她怎么能对孩子下毒手！

A: Hj dú bù shí zh, ta zgnme néng duì háizi xià dúshiu! A: Even a monster would not hurt its own children. How could she beat the life out of her child? Usage: Used singly. Variant: 虎毒不吃子 Note: Neutral in meaning.

166. 小不忍则乱大谋 (小不忍則亂大謀)  xifo bù rgn zé luàn dà móu Translated character by character, 小不忍则乱大谋 means ‘trivial-not-restraintherefore-spoil-great-plan,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘not being able to accept imperfection in a small issue will ruin larger plans.’ Its functional translation is ‘a little impatience will spoil great plans.’ Example 1: A: B:

气死我了，他们这样做太过分了。 别激动，小不忍则乱大谋。这个账我们会算的。

A: Qì sh wi le, tamen zhèyàng zuò tài guòfèn le. B: Bié jcdòng, xifo bù rgn zé luàn dà móu. Zhègè zhàng wimen huì suàn de. A: I’m so angry. They’ve gone too far doing this. B: Don’t jump the gun. A little impatience will spoil great plans. We will settle this score.



Entry 167: 打狗还得看主人 131

Example 2: A: B:

我们行动吧？ 再等等，小不忍则乱大谋。

A: Wimen xíngdòng ba? B: Zài dgngdgng, xifo bù rgn zé luàn dà móu. A: Should we do it? B: Wait a little longer. A little impatience will spoil great plans. Usage: Used singly. Note: Neutral in meaning.

167. 打狗还得看主人 (打狗還得看主人)  df giu hái dgi kàn zhj rén Translated character by character, 打狗还得看主人 means ‘beat-dog-still-must-seemaster,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘when one beats a dog, one must answer to its master.’ Its functional translation can also be ‘every action has consequences.’ Example 1: A:

姓王的，你儿子把我儿子打成这样，打狗还得看主人，你以为我是 好欺负的。我跟你没完。

A: Xìng Wáng de, nh érzh bf wi érzh df chéng zhèyàng, df giu hái dgi kàn zhjrén, nh yhwéi wi shì hfo qcfù de. Wi gbn nh méi wán. A: Wang, your son beat my son up like this. Every action has consequences. You thought I could be bullied, but I’m not done with you. Example 2: A: B:

这小子喝醉了酒把我们的饭馆都砸了，我们还不动手？ 算了，打狗还得看主人，他爸是公安局长。我们就算吃个哑巴亏 吧。

A: Zhè xifozi hb zuì le jij bf wimen de fàngufn ddu zá le, wimen hái bú dòngshiu? B: Suàn le, df giu hái dgi kàn zhjrén, ta bà shì gdng’an júzhfng. Wimen jiù suàn chc gè yfba kuc ba. A: This kid got drunk and destroyed our restaurant and we’re not going to take action? B: Forget about it. When one beats a dog, one must answer to its master. His father is the police chief. Let’s just bite our tongues.

132  Entry 168: 万事俱备，只欠东风 Usage: Used singly. Variants: 打狗还要看主人; 打狗看主人 Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.

168. 万事俱备，只欠东风 (萬事俱備，只欠東風)  wàn shì jù bèi, zhh qiàn ddng fbng Translated character by character, 万事俱备，只欠东风 means ‘ten thousand-thingsall-complete, only-lack-east-wind,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to be prepared but lack the crucial element.’ Example 1: A: B:

你们准备得怎么样了？ 万事俱备，只欠东风，就差您一句话了。只要您发话，我们马上动 手。

A: Nhmen zhjnbèi de zgnmeyàng le? B: Wànshì jùbèi, zhh qiàn ddngfbng, jiù chà nín yí jù huà le. Zhhyào nín fahuà, wimen mfshàng dòngshiu. A: How are your preparations? B: We’re just waiting for the go-ahead from you. Just say the word and we’ll get started immediately. Example 2: A: B:

公司什么时候能上市？ 现在万事俱备，只欠东风了。只要相关的政府机构批准就可以上市 了。

A: Gdngsc shénme shíhòu néng shàngshì? B: Xiànzài wànshì jùbèi, zhh qiàn ddngfbng le. Zhhyào xiangguan de zhèngfj jcgòu pczhjn jiù kgyh shàngshì le. A: When can the company IPO? B: We’re just waiting for the all-clear now. Once the relevant government bodies approve it, we can IPO. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Neutral in meaning.



Entry 169: 不管黑猫白猫，会捉老鼠就是好猫 133 169. 不管黑猫白猫，会捉老鼠就是好猫 

(不管黑貓白貓，會捉老鼠就是好貓)  bù gufn hbi mao bái mao, huì zhud lfoshj jiù shì hfo mao Translated character by character, 不管黑猫白猫，会捉老鼠就是好猫 means ‘nomatter-black-cat-white-cat, can-catch-mouse-then-is-good-cat,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘so long as something functions properly, its form is irrelevant.’ Its functional translation, popularized through Deng Xiaoping’s use of this proverb, is ‘it does not matter whether a cat is black or white so long as it catches mice.’ Example 1: A: B:

这个办法是不是有些不太体面？ 管它呢，不管黑猫白猫，会捉老鼠就是好猫。再说，我们又没犯 法。

A: Zhègè bànff shìbúshì yiuxib bú tài thmiàn? B: Gufn ta ne, bùgufn hbi mao bái mao, huì zhud lfoshj jiùshì hfo mao. Zàishud, wimen yòu méi fànff. A: Is this solution a little too undignified? B: Don’t worry about it! It doesn’t matter whether a cat is black or white so long as it catches mice. Moreover, we’re not breaking the law. Example 2: A: B:

他是保守党的候选人，你还要选他吗？ 不管黑猫白猫，会捉老鼠就是好猫。只要他能解决英国的经济问 题，我就选他。

A: Ta shì bfoshiudfng de hòu xufnrén, nh háiyào xufn ta ma? B: Bùgufn hbi mao bái mao, huì zhud lfoshj jiùshì hfo mao. Zhhyào ta néng jigjué Ycngguó de jcngjì wèntí, wi jiù xufn ta. A: He’s the Conservative Party candidate. Do you still want to vote for him? B: It doesn’t matter whether a cat is black or white so long as it catches mice. So long as he can solve Britain’s economic problems, I’ll vote for him. Usage: Used singly. Note: Humorous in meaning. This proverb is drawn from the Sichuan dialect. It won widespread popularity due to the Sichuan-born Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping’s (1904–1997) high-profile invocation of the proverb in defense of economic liberalization.

134  Entries 170 – 171: 真金不怕火炼 and 狗改不了吃屎 170. 真金不怕火炼 (真金不怕火煉)  zhbn jcn bú pà hui liàn Translated character by character, 真金不怕火炼 means ‘genuine-gold-not-fear-firetemper,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘a genuine talent fears not challenges or slander.’ Its functional translation is ‘true blue will never stain.’ Example 1:

原来有人怀疑他的能力，后来把他调到另外一个工作岗位上，他照 样干得很出色。现在没人怀疑他了吧？ B: 对呀，真金不怕火炼。他的确是个难得的人才。

A:

A: Yuánlái yiu rén huáiyí ta de nénglì, hòulái bf ta diào dào lìngwài yígè gdngzuò gfngwèi shàng, ta zhàoyàng gàn de hgn chesè. Xiànzài méi rén huáiyí ta le ba? B: Duì ya, zhbn jcn bú pà hui liàn. Ta díquè shì gè nándé de réncái. A: Before, there were people who doubted his ability. Afterwards, when he was transferred to another position, he did his job with the same distinction. Surely no one doubts him now, right? B: That’s right. True blue will never stain. He really is a rare talent. Example 2: A:

她的物理学理论发表后，不断受到挑战。但是，真金不怕火炼，没 有人能推翻她的理论，她也因此获得诺贝尔奖。

A: Ta de wùlhxué lhlùn fabifo hòu, búduàn shòudào tifozhàn. Dànshì, zhbn jcn bú pà hui liàn, méiyiu rén néng tucfan ta de lhlùn, ta yg ycnch huòdé Nuòbèi’gr jifng. A: After she announced her theory in physics, she was constantly challenged. But, true blue will never stain. As no one was able to overturn her theory, she won the Nobel Prize. Usage: Used singly. Note: Complimentary in meaning. 171. 狗改不了吃屎 (狗改不了吃屎)  giu gfi bù lifo chc shh Translated character by character, 狗改不了吃屎 means ‘dog-change-not-able-eatpoop,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘one can’t kick a bad habit.’ Its functional translation is ‘the fox may grow grey, but never good.’ Example 1: A: B:

她刚从戒毒所里出来，没两个月又因为吸毒被关进去了。 狗改不了吃屎，她再这样下去就没药可救了。



Entry 172: 杀手锏 135

A: Ta gang cóng jièdúsui li chelai, méi lifng gè yuè yòu ycnwèi xcdú bèi guan jìnqù le. B: Giu gfi bùlifo chc shh, ta zài zhèyàng xiàqù jiù méi yào kg jiù le. A: She just got out of rehab, and less than two months later she was readmitted for doing drugs. B: The fox may grow grey, but never good. There’s no medicine that can save her. Example 2:

他因为赌博把房子和豪车都输了进去了，可是还去赌场。 B: 狗改不了吃屎，让他不赌钱，除非太阳从西边出来。 A:

A: Ta ycnwèi djbó bf fángzi hé háochb ddu she jìnqù le, kgshì hái qù djchfng. B: Giu gfi bùlifo chc shh, ràng ta bù djqián, chúfbi tàiyang cóng xcbian chelai. A: He gambled away his house and car, but he still goes to the casino. B: The fox may grow grey, but never good. Him not gambling is like the sun rising from the west. Usage: Used singly. Note: Derogatory in meaning.

172. 杀手锏 (殺手鐧)  sha shiu jifn Translated character by character, 杀手锏 means ‘kill-hand-mace,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘the best move that someone plays at a crucial moment.’ Its functional translation is ‘trump card,’ or ‘ace in the hole.’ Example 1:

她违章停车，警察给了她罚单。她百般解释都没用，最后使出杀手 锏。 B: 什么绝招？ A: 哭。

A:

A: Ta wéizhang tíngchb, jhngchá ggile ta fádan. Ta bfiban jigshì ddu méiyòng, zuìhòu shh che shashiujifn. B: Shénme juézhao? A: Ke. A: She parked illegally and the cops gave her a ticket. No matter which way she tried to explain it, it didn’t help her. Finally, she played her trump card. B: What was her trick? A: She cried.

136  Entry 173: 饥不择食 Example 2: A:

在两大超市的竞争中，双方都使出了杀手锏——降价。

A: Zài lifng dà chaoshì de jìngzhbng zhdng, shuangfang ddu shh che le shashiujifn —jiàng jià. A: In the competition between two large supermarkets, both played their ace in the hole – cutting prices. Usage: Functions as object. Variant: 撒手锏 Note: Neutral in meaning.

173. 饥不择食 (饑不擇食)  jc bù zé shí Translated character by character, 饥不择食 means ‘hungry-not-choose-food,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘one is not picky when in need.’ Its functional translation is ‘beggars can’t be choosers.’ Example 1: A:

经济萧条的时候任何一个工作机会都有数百人申请，人们已经饥不 择食，根本不管工作性质，只要有活儿干就可以。

A: Jcngjì xiaotiáo de shíhòu rènhé yígè gdngzuò jchuì ddu yiu shù bfi rén shbnqhng, rénmen yhjcng jc bù zé shí, gbnbgn bùgufn gdngzuò xìngzhì, zhhyào yiu huór gàn jiù kgyh. A: In an economic depression, any job opportunity has hundreds of applicants. People are already beggars and not choosers, thoroughly indifferent about the nature of the job. So long as there’s work to do, it’s good enough. Example 2: A: B:

他们从认识到结婚只用了一个星期。 都是大龄青年，自身条件又不够优秀，都饥不择食了。

A: Tamen cóng rènshi dào jiéhen zhh yòngle yígè xcngqc. B: Ddu shì dàlíng qcngnián, zìshbn tiáojiàn yòu búgòu yduxiù, ddu jc bù zé shí le. A: It was only a week from the time they met until their marriage. B: They’re unmarried thirty-somethings and they’re not sufficiently well-off. Beggars can’t be choosers. Usage: Functions as predicate or adverbial. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.



Entries 174 – 175: 对事不对人 and 皮笑肉不笑 137 174. 对事不对人 (對事不對人)  duì shì bú duì rén

Translated character by character, 对事不对人 means ‘toward-issue-not-towardperson,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘it has no reflection on a particular person.’ Its functional translation is ‘it’s nothing personal.’ Example 1: A:

你不要想得太多，我的话是对事不对人。

A: Nh búyào xifng de tài dud, Wide huà shì duì shì bú duì rén. A: Don’t dwell on it too much. What I said was nothing personal. Example 2:

先生，可能我没说清楚，也可能我们之间的沟通有一些误解。能不 能我先回去，请我的上司来跟您解释一下？ B: 不必了，我们办事对事不对人，谁来都一样。 A:

A: Xiansheng, kgnéng wi méi shud qcngchu, yg kgnéng wimen zhcjian de gdutdng yiuyìxib wùjig. Néngbunéng wi xian huíqù, qhng wide shàngsc lái gbn nín jigshì yíxià? B: Búbì le, wimen bànshì duì shì bú duì rén, shuí lái ddu yíyàng. A: Sir, maybe I wasn’t clear, or maybe we’ve had a little miscommunication. Can I go and ask my superior to come explain this to you? B: That’s not necessary. Our issue resolution is nothing personal. It doesn’t matter who is involved. Usage: Functions as predicate, predicative or attributive. Note: Neutral in meaning.

175. 皮笑肉不笑 (皮笑肉不笑)  pí xiào ròu bú xiào Translated character by character, 皮笑肉不笑 means ‘skin-smile-flesh-not-smile.’ Its functional translation is ‘fake smile.’ Example 1: A: B:

他看起来挺和蔼的，整天笑。 我看他挺虚伪的。别看他在笑，但是皮笑肉不笑，让人很不舒服。

A: Ta kàn qhlái thng hé’fi de, zhgngtian xiào. B: Wi kàn ta thng xewgi de. Bié kàn ta zài xiào, dànshì pí xiào ròu bú xiào, ràng rén hgn bù shefu. A: He looks pretty affable, smiling all the time. B: He seems hypocritical to me. Don’t be fooled by his smile, it’s fake. It makes people very uncomfortable.

138  Entry 176: 双刃剑 Example 2: A:

他皮笑肉不笑地说：“有空儿来坐坐，欢迎您再来。”

A: Ta pí xiào ròu bú xiào de shud: “yiu kòngr lái zuòzuò, huanyíng nín zài lái.” A: With a fake smile, he said, “Come back when you’re free. You’re welcome back again.” Usage: Functions as adverbial or predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

176. 双刃剑 (雙刃劍)  shuang rèn jiàn Translated character by character, 双刃剑 means ‘double-edge-sword.’ Its functional translation is ‘double-edged sword.’ Example 1: A: B:

咱们大量使用机器人来提高生产效率怎么样？ 这是一把双刃剑。机器人的确可以提高生产效率，但是我们人类是 不是从此会渐渐失去智慧？

A: Zánmen dàliàng shhyòng jcqìrén lái tígao shbngchfn xiàolq zgnmeyàng? B: Zhè shì yì bf shuangrènjiàn. Jcqìrén díquè kgyh tígao shbngchfn xiàolq, dànshì wimen rénlèi shìbúshì cóngch huì jiànjiàn shcqù zhìhuì? A: What about using a lot of robots to increase production efficiency? B: That’s a double-edged sword. Robots actually can increase production efficiency, but won’t we humans start to slowly lose our intelligence? Example 2: A:

降低银行利率是把双刃剑。一方面可以刺激经济，另一方面也许会 让通货膨胀抬头。

A: Jiàngdc yínháng lìlq shì bf shuangrènjiàn. Ycfangmiàn kgyh cìjc dangqián xiaofèi, kgshì lìngycfangmiàn, yóuyú xiaofèi chaoqián, huì la dc wèilái niánfèn de xiaofèi shuhpíng. A: Reducing bank interest rates is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, it can stimulate the economy, but, on the other hand, it might cause inflation to rear its head. Usage: Functions as predicative. Note: Neutral in meaning.



Entries 177 – 178: 热脸贴冷屁股 and 好了伤疤忘了疼 139 177. 热脸贴冷屁股 (熱臉貼冷屁股)  rè lifn tib lgng pìgu

Translated character by character, 热脸贴冷屁股 means ‘hot-face-snuggle-cold-butt,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to be completely ignored by someone.’ Its functional translation is ‘to not get the time of day from someone,’ or ‘to have someone not give you the time of day.’ Example 1: A: B:

最近小马老是往牛局长办公室跑，可是每次待不了几分钟就出来。 小马总是想打小报告，可是牛局长不吃这一套。小马热脸贴了个冷 屁股。

A: Zuìjìn Xifo Mf lfoshì wfng Niú júzhfng bàngdngshì pfo, kgshì mgicì dai bùlifo jh fbnzhdng jiù chelái. B: Xifo Mf zingshì xifng df xifobàogào, kgshì Niú júzhfng bù chc zhè yí tào. Xifo Mf rè lifn tible gè lgng pìgu. A: Recently, Little Ma has constantly been running to Chief Niu’s office, but he always comes out after spending no more than a few minutes. B: Little Ma always wants to tattle, but Chief Niu isn’t having it. He doesn’t give Little Ma the time of day. Example 2: A: B:

你怎么不像以前那样帮她了？ 她啊，以前我帮她，她还说感谢类的话；现在呢，不但不感谢，反 倒觉得我在打搅她，我热脸贴冷屁股，何苦呢？

A: Nh zgnme bú xiàng yhqián nàyàng bang ta le? B: Ta a, yhqián wi bang ta, ta hái shud gfnxiè lèi de huà; xiànzài ne, búdàn bù gfnxiè, ffndào juéde wi zài dfjifo ta, wi rè lifn tib lgng pìgu, hékj ne? A: Why aren’t you helping her like before? B: Her? When I helped her before, she would thank me. Now, she not only doesn’t thank me, she rather thinks I’m disturbing her. She doesn’t give me the time of day. Why bother? Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

178. 好了伤疤忘了疼 (好了傷疤忘了疼)  hfo le shangba wàng le téng Translated character by character, 好了伤疤忘了疼 means ‘heal-ed-scar-forget-edpain,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to forget the pain

140  Entry 179: 醋坛子 once the wound is healed.’ Its functional translation is ‘once on shore, one prays no more.’ Example 1:

他上次因为喝酒就犯心脏病住院了。这才出院多久啊就又开始喝上 了。 B: 好了伤疤忘了疼，看来上次伤得不重。 A:

A: Ta shàngcì ycnwèi hbjij jiù fàn xcnzàngbìng zhùyuàn le. Zhè cái cheyuàn dudjij a jiù yòu kaishh hbshang le. B: Hfole shangba wàngle téng, kànlái shàngcì shang de bú zhòng. A: Last time he was hospitalized with a heart attack because of his drinking. He’s only been out of the hospital for a little while and he’s started drinking again. B: Once on shore, one prays no more. I can see he wasn’t hurt badly enough last time. Example 2:

老百姓的钱又开始涌进股市了，他们忘了十年前的崩盘以及随后的 熊市了。 B: 好了伤疤忘了疼，人们的记性很差。 A:

A: Lfobfixìng de qián yòu kaishh yingjìn gjshì le, tamen wàngle shí nián qián de bbngpán yhjí suíhòu de xióngshì le. B: Hfole shangba wàngle téng, rénmen de jìxing hgn chà. A: Ordinary people’s money has started to flood into the stock market again. They’ve forgotten about the bubble bursting ten years ago and the resulting bear market. B: Once on shore, one prays no more. People have very short memories. Usage: Used singly or functions as predicate. Note: Humorous or neutral in meaning.

179. 醋坛子 (醋罎子)  cù tánzi Translated character by character, 醋坛子 means ‘vinegar-jar.’ Its functional translation is ‘jealous lover.’ Example 1: A:

她是个醋坛子，只要丈夫跟别的女人说话，她就会凑上去，千方百 计打断对话。

A: Ta shì gè cùtánzi, zhhyào zhàngfu gbn biéde nrrén shudhuà, ta jiù huì còu shàngqù, qianfang-bfijì df duàn duìhuà.



Entry 180: 君子之交淡如水 141

A: She’s a jealous lover. If she so much as sees her husband talking to other women, she goes up and does everything in her power to break up the conversation. Example 2: A:

他老婆是个有名的醋坛子，所以他的女同事没有一个人愿意去他家 做客。

A: Ta lfopo shì gè yiumíng de cùtánzi, suiyh ta de nr tóngshì méiyiu yígè rén yuànyì qù ta jia zuòkè. A: His wife is known to be a jealous lover, so none of his female coworkers is willing to be a dinner guest at his home. Usage: Functions mainly as predicative. Variant: 醋罐子 (罐子 guànzi: canister) Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning.

180. 君子之交淡如水 (君子之交淡如水)  jenzh zhc jiao dàn rú shuh Translated character by character, 君子之交淡如水 means ‘noble-man-’s-friendshippure-like-water,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘the friendship between gentlemen appears indifferent but is pure like water.’ Example 1: A: B:

你跟我就不要客气了，咱们相识几十年了。 虽说君子之交淡如水，但今天无论如何我要请你好好吃一顿。

A: Nh gbn wi jiù búyào kèqì le, zánmen xiangshí jh shí nián le. B: Suc shud jenzh zhc jiao dàn rú shuh, dàn zhècì wúlùnrúhé wi yào qhng nh hfohao chc yí dùn. A: You don’t need to be polite around me; we’ve known each other for decades. B: Although they say the friendship between gentlemen appears indifferent, but is pure like water, today I would like to invite you to a big meal anyways. Example 2: A: B: A: B:

你最好的朋友是谁？ 老刘。 是他啊？可是平常见你们来往不多。 我们是君子之交淡如水，但是我们是真正理解对方的。

142  Entry 181: 三个和尚没水吃 A: Nh zuìhfo de péngyiu shì shéi? B: Lfo Liú. A: Shì ta a? Kgshì píngcháng jiàn nhmen láiwfng bù dud. B: Wimen shì jenzh zhc jiao dàn rú shuh, dànshì wimen shì zhbnzhèng lhjig duìfang de. A: B: A: B:

Who’s your best friend? Old Liu. Him? But it seems you two don’t usually interact. For us, the friendship appears indifferent, but is pure like water. We really understand each other.

Usage: Functions as predicative or used singly. Note: Neutral in meaning.

181. 三个和尚没水吃 (三個和尚沒水吃)  san gè héshang méi shuh chc Translated character by character, 三个和尚没水吃 means ‘three-MW-monks-nowater-drink,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘when many people are working together, they assume others will take responsibility for various tasks and, as a result, aren’t efficient.’ Its functional translation is ‘everybody’s business is nobody’s business.’ Example 1: A: B:

他们那个小组人员最多，可是贡献却不大。 是啊，人多了就会出现三个和尚没水吃的问题。

A: Tamen nàgè xifozj rényuán zuì dud, kgshì gòngxiàn què bú dà. B: Shì a, rén dud le jiù huì chexiàn san gè héshang méi shuh chc de wènti. A: That group has the most employees, but they don’t contribute much. B: Yeah, when you’ve got a lot of people, the issue is that everybody’s business is nobody’s business. Example 2: A:

由于责任不明确，导致了人们之间相互推诿，三个和尚反倒没水吃。

A: Yóuyú zérèn bù míngquè, dfozhì le rénmen zhcjian xianghù tucwgi, san gè héshang ffndfo méi shuh chc. A: Because the responsibilities were not clear, everyone was passing the buck. Everybody’s business is nobody’s business. Usage: Functions as attributive or used singly. Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning.



Entries 182 – 183: 赶鸭子上架 and 小白脸 143 182. 赶鸭子上架 (趕鴨子上架)  gfn yazi shàng jià

Translated character by character, 赶鸭子上架 means ‘drive-duck-mount-trellis,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to force someone to do what they cannot.’ Its functional translation is ‘to force someone to put a square peg into a round hole.’ Example 1: A: B:

请你今晚在宴会上给大家唱一个。 我根本不会唱歌，现在你逼着我唱，这不是赶鸭子上架嘛？

A: Qhng nh jcn wfn zài yànhuì shàng ggi dàjia chàng yígè. B: Wi gbnbgn búhuì chànggb, xiànzài nh bczhe wi chàng, zhè búshì gfn yazi shàng jià ma? A: Please sing everyone a song at tonight’s banquet. B: I really can’t sing, and now you’re forcing me to. Isn’t that like forcing me to put a square peg into a round hole? Example 2: A:

她是出色的工程师，对行政一窍不通啊！让她当市长管理这么大一 个城市，简直是赶鸭子上架。

A: Ta shì chesè de gdngchéngshc, duì xíngzhèng yíqiào-bùtdng a! Ràng ta dang shìzhfng gufnlh zhème dà yígè chéngshì, jifnzhí shì gfn yazi shàng jià. A: She is an accomplished engineer, but she doesn’t know the first thing about administration! Making her govern such a large city as mayor really is like forcing her to put a square peg into a round hole. Usage: Functions as predicative or predicate. Variant: 打鸭子上架 (in some Chinese dialects) Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning.

183. 小白脸 (小白臉)  xifo bái lifn Translated character by character, 小白脸 means ‘little-white-face,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘a pale-skinned young man with delicate features.’ Its functional translation is ‘pretty boy.’ Example 1: A:

她养了一个小白脸。

A: Ta yfngle yígè xifobáilifn. A: She caught herself a pretty boy.

144  Entry 184: 放长线，钓大鱼 Example 2: A: B:

那个富婆又结婚了。 这次找了个小白脸。

A: Nàgè fùpó yòu jiéhen le. B: Zhècì zhfole gè xifobáilifn. A: That wealthy woman got married again. B: This time she found a pretty boy. Usage: Nominal element, functions mainly as object. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

184. 放长线，钓大鱼 (放長綫，釣大魚)  fàng cháng xiàn, diào dà yú Translated character by character, 放长线，钓大鱼 means ‘cast-long-line, catch-bigfish,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to approach something with an eye towards the long-term or a larger goal.’ Its functional translation is ‘to play the long game.’ Example 1: A: B:

局长，我们怎么还不把那个毒贩抓起来？ 小马，我们是在放长线钓大鱼，目的是找到最大的老板，然后一网 打尽。

A: Júzhfng, wimen zgnme hái bù bf nàgè dúfàn zhua qhlai? B: Xifo Mf, wimen shì fàng cháng xiàn, diào dàyú, mùdì shì zhfodào zuìdà de lfobfn, ránhòu yìwfng-dfjìn. A: Chief, why haven’t we arrested that drug dealer yet? B: Little Ma, we’re playing the long game. Our goal is to find the kingpin and then roll them all up. Example 2: A:

有些公司开始把低端商品或硬件廉价卖给你，等着你脱离不了它的 时候，它就会把高端商品或软件提价，赚取利润。这是一种放长线 钓大鱼的策略。

A: Yiuxib gdngsc kaishh bf dcduan shangphn huò yìngjiàn liánjià mài ggi nh, dgngzhe nh tudlí bùlifo ta de shíhou, ta jiù huì bf gaoduan shangphn huò rufnjiàn tíjià, zhuànqj lìrùn. Zhè shì yìzhing fàng cháng xiàn, diào dàyú de cèluè. A: There are some companies that sell you low-end products or hardware cheap up front, and once you can’t live without it, they raise the price of



Entries 185 – 186: 依葫芦画瓢 and 隔墙有耳 145 high-end products or software to make a profit. That’s a long-game type of strategy.

Usage: Functions mainly as predicate. Note: Neutral in meaning.

185. 依葫芦画瓢 (依葫蘆畫瓢)  yc húlu huà piáo Translated character by character, 依葫芦画瓢 means ‘according to-gourd-drawgourd dipper,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to copy mechanically.’ Its functional translation is ‘to follow suit.’ Example 1:

这件事我做不了。 B: 没那么难，你就依葫芦画瓢，我怎么做你就怎么做。

A:

A: Zhè jiàn shì wi zuò bùlifo. B: Méi nàme nán, nh jiù yc húlu huà piáo, wi zgnme zuò nh jiù zgnme zuò. A: I can’t do this. B: It’s not that hard. Just follow suit; do as I do. Example 2: A:

有人写了一本《丑陋的美国人》，很畅销，于是有人依葫芦画瓢， 写了《丑陋的日本人》和《丑陋的中国人》等。

A: Yiu rén xigle yì bgn Chiulòu de Mgiguórén, hgn chàngxiao, yúshì yiu rén yc húlu huà piáo, xigle Chiulòu de Rìbgnrén hé Chiulòu de Zhdngguórén dgng. A: Someone wrote a book called Ugly Americans, which sold very well, so someone else followed suit and wrote books called Ugly Japanese, Ugly Chinese, etc. Usage: Functions as predicate. Variant: 照葫芦画瓢 Note: Slightly derogatory or neutral in meaning.

186. 隔墙有耳 (隔牆有耳)  gé qiáng yiu gr Translated character by character, 隔墙有耳 means ‘partition-wall-has-ears,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘someone might be listening.’ Its functional translation is ‘walls have ears.’

146  Entry 187: 巧妇难为无米之炊 Example 1: A: B:

我们能不能这样办，…… 小点儿声，小心隔墙有耳。

A: Wimen néngbunéng zhèyàng bàn, …… B: Xifo difn’r shbng, xifoxcn gé qiáng yiu gr. A: Could we do this  .  .  . B: Quiet down; walls have ears. Example 2: A:

他们的对话非常重要，怕隔墙有耳，于是把旅馆电视的声音调得很 大。

A: Tamen de duìhuà fbicháng zhòngyào, pà gé qiáng yiu gr, yúshì bf lrgufn diànshì de shbngycn tiáo de hgn dà. A: Because their discussion was extremely important and they feared that the walls had ears, they turned the hotel television’s volume up very loud. Usage: Functions as object and usally used after ‘怕’ or ‘小心.’ Note: Neutral in meaning.

187. 巧妇难为无米之炊 (巧婦難為無米之炊)  qifo fù nán wéi wú mh zhc chuc Translated character by character, 巧妇难为无米之炊 means ‘skillfull-housewifehard-make-no-rice-food,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘one cannot accomplish something without the necessary materials and conditions.’ Its functional translation is ‘you can’t make bricks without straw.’ Example 1: A: B:

总统整天在电视上讲要降低失业率，可是失业率就是下不去。 这也难为总统了。巧妇难为无米之炊，经济这么疲软，就业率怎么 上得去？

A: Zingting zhgngtian zài diànshì shàng jifng yào jiàngdc shcyèlq, kgshì shcyèlq jiùshì xià bú qù. B: Zhè yg nánwéi zingting le. Qifo fù nán wéi wú mh zhc chuc, jcngjì zhème pírufn, jiùyèlq zgnme shàng de qù? A: The president is always on TV talking about how we need to lower the unemployment rate, but it’s not going down. B: It’s hard for the president. You can’t make bricks without straw. With such a weak economy, how could employment rise?



Entry 188: 不是吃素的 147

Example 2: A: B:

新市长怎么整天愁眉苦脸的，他不是很有能力吗？ 有能力是有能力，可是这个城市没有实力啊，还欠着一屁股外债 呢。市长是巧妇难为无米之炊啊。

A: Xcn shìzhfng zgnme zhgngtian chóuméi-kjlifn de, ta búshì hgn yiu nénglì ma? B: Yiu nénglì shì yiu nénglì, kgshì zhègè chéngshì méiyiu shílì a, hái qiànzhe yí pìgu wàizhài ne. Shìzhfng shì qifo fù nán wéi wú mh zhc chuc a. A: What’s with the new mayor’s long face? Isn’t he very capable? B: Capable is one thing, but this city doesn’t have any power, and it still has a mountain of debt. He can’t make bricks without straw. Usage: Used singly. Note: Neutral in meaning.

188. 不是吃素的 (不是吃素的)  bú shì chc sù de Translated character by character, 不是吃素的 means ‘not-a-vegetarian,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘someone who is not a pushover.’ Its functional translation is ‘to be someone not to be trifled with.’ Example 1: A:

你这样做他会同意吗？他可不是吃素的，把他惹急了，他可什么事 都干得出来。

A: Nh zhèyàng zuò ta huì tóngyì ma? Ta kg búshì chcsùde, bf ta rg jí le, ta kg shénme shì ddu gàn de chelái. A: Will he agree with your doing this? He’s not someone to be trifled with. If you provoke him, there’s no saying what he’ll do. Example 2: A: B:

看样子，他要跟我们斗个没完没了。 让他来吧，咱们也不是吃素的，怕他什么。

A: Kànyàngzi, ta yào gbn wi men dòu gè méiwánméilifo. B: Ràng ta lái ba, zánmen yg búshì chcsùde, pà ta shénme. A: It looks like he wants to wage a perpetual war against us. B: Let him. We’re not to be trifled with. Why are you afraid of him? Usage: Functions as predicative. Note: Neutral in meaning.

148  Entries 189 – 190: 嫁鸡随鸡，嫁狗随狗 and 打开天窗说亮话 189. 嫁鸡随鸡，嫁狗随狗 (嫁雞隨雞，嫁狗隨狗)  jià jc suí jc, jià giu suí giu Translated character by character, 嫁鸡随鸡，嫁狗随狗 means ‘married to-chickenfollow-chicken, married to-dog-follow-dog,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘a woman follows her husband no matter how good or bad his lot.’ Its functional translation is ‘a woman should stand by her man.’ Example 1: A:

在中国古代，女人的婚姻由父母做主，自己没有任何选择，嫁鸡随 鸡，嫁狗随狗。

A: Zài Zhdngguó gjdài, nrrén de henycn yóu fùmj zuòzhj, zìjh méiyiu rènhé xufnzé, jià jc suí jc, jià giu suí giu. A: In ancient China, a woman’s marriage was determined by her parents and she had no choice in the matter. A woman needed to stand by her man. Example 2: A: B:

你想那么匆忙就嫁给一个老外，你了解他吗？不合适怎么办？ 咳，这就是命，嫁鸡随鸡，嫁狗随狗呗。

A: Nh xifng nàme cdngmáng jiù jià ggi yígè lfowài, nh lifojig ta ma? Bù héshì zgnmebàn? B: Hài, zhè jiùshì mìng, jià jc suí jc, jià giu suí giu bei. A: Do you want to get married to a foreigner in such a hurry? Do you understand him? What will you do if he’s not right for you? B: Oh, that’s fate. A woman should stand by her man. Usage: Functions as predicate or used singly. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

190. 打开天窗说亮话 (打開天窗說亮話)  df kai tian chuang shud liàng huà Translated character by character, 打开天窗说亮话 means ‘open-skylight-speakbright-words,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to speak openly and directly.’ Its functional translation is ‘to lay one’s cards on the table.’ Example 1: A: B:

大哥，请坐，请坐。看您的脸色，谁把您给惹了？ 咱们打开天窗说亮话，你卖给我的假货到底能不能退？



Entry 191: 人算不如天算 149

A: Dàgb, qhngzuò, qhngzuò. Kàn nín de lifnsè, shéi bf nín ggi rg le? B: Zánmen df kai tianchuang shud liàng huà, nh mài ggi wi de jifhuò dàodh néngbùnéng tuì? A: Brother, sit down, sit down. What an expression you have on your face; who got you worked up? B: Let’s lay our cards on the table. Can the counterfeit goods you sold me really be returned? Example 2:

说话别转弯抹角的，有话直说。 B: 好，那我就打开天窗说亮话，我是为小王的事来的。 A:

A: Shudhuà bié zhufnwan-mòjifo de, yiu huà zhíshud. B: Hfo, nà wi jiù df kai tianchuang shud liàng huà, wi shì wèi Xifo Wáng de shì lái de. A: Don’t beat about the bush. If you have something to say, spit it out. B: Good, then I’ll lay my cards on the table. I’ve come on Xiao Wang’s behalf. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.

191. 人算不如天算 (人算不如天算)  rén suàn bù rú tian suàn Translated character by character, 人算不如天算 means ‘people-plan-not-betterheaven-plan,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘no matter how much one plans something, one can’t control everything.’ Its functional translation is, ‘the best laid plans of mice and men often go awry,’ or ‘man proposes, god disposes.’ Example 1:

眼看她就成功了，可是支持她的一个重要人物出车祸死了，最后她 仅仅以几票落选。 B: 可惜人算不如天算，看来她没这个命。

A:

A: Yfnkàn ta jiù chénggdng le, kgshì zhcchí ta de yígè zhòngyào rénwù che chbhuò sh le, zuìhòu ta jhnjhn yh jh piào luòxufn. B: Kgxc rén suàn bùrú tian suàn, kànlái ta méi zhègè mìng. A: It looked like she was going to succeed, but an important figure who was supporting her died in a car crash and, in the end, she lost out by only a few votes. B: It’s a shame. The best laid plans of mice and men often go awry. It looks like this isn’t her destiny.

150  Entry 192: 小动作 Example 2:

我要坐的飞机晚起飞两个小时，我正生气呢，就在这时候，你猜， 我碰到谁了？ B: 谁啊？ A: 我的偶像大卫·贝克汉姆！我赶快去跟他拍了张照片。 B: 人算不如天算，要不然，你何年何月才能跟贝克汉姆拍一张照片啊？ A:

A: Wi yào zuò de fbijc wfn qhfbi lifng gè xifoshí, wi zhèng shbngqì ne, jiù zài zhè shíhòu, nh cai, wi pèngdào shéi le? B: Shéi a? A: Wide iuxiàng Dàwèi Bèikèhànmj! Wi gfnkuài qù gbn ta paile zhang zhàopiàn. B: Rén suàn bùrú tian suàn, yàobùrán, nh hénián-héyuè cáinéng gbn Bèikèhànmj pai yì zhang zhàopiàn a? A: The flight I was going to take was delayed by two hours. I was angry, but guess who I ran into then? B: Who? A: My idol, David Beckham! I ran over to take a picture with him. B: Man proposes, god disposes. Otherwise, when would you ever have been able to get a picture with David Beckham? Usage: Used singly. Note: Neutral in meaning.

192. 小动作 (小動作)  xifo dòngzuò Translated character by character, 小动作 means ‘small-action,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘a cheap shot,’ or ‘a cheap trick.’ Example 1: A:

这是公平的竞争，可是他不时地在背后搞小动作，散布对手的流言。

A: Zhè shì gdngpíng de jìngzhbng, kgshì ta bùshí de zài bèihòu gfo xifodòngzuò, sànbù duìshiu de liúyán. A: This is a fair competition, but he often pulls cheap tricks behind people’s backs, spreading rumors about his opponents. Example 2: A:

我警告你，如果你敢在背后搞小动作，我就好好地收拾你。

A: Wi jhnggào nh, rúgui nh gfn zài bèihòu gfo xifodòngzuò, wi jiù hfohao de shdushi nh. A: I swear to god, if you dare pull a cheap trick behind my back, I’ll end you.



Entry 193: 远水解不了近渴 151

Usage: Functions as object. Variant: 搞小动作 Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

193. 远水解不了近渴 (遠水解不了近渴)  yufn shuh jig bù lifo jìn kg Translated character by character, 远水解不了近渴 means ‘distant-water-resolvenot-able-urgent-thirst,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘aid that arrives too slowly is of no help at all.’ Its functional translation is ‘while the grass grows, the horse starves.’ Example 1: A: B:

我们能不能请他帮忙？ 他倒是有能力帮我们，可是问题是，现在他人在外国，远水解不了 近渴啊？

A: Wimen néngbùnéng qhng ta bangmáng? B: Ta dàoshì yiu nénglì bang wimen, kgshì wèntí shì, xiànzài ta rén zài wàiguó, yufn shuh jig bùlifo jìn kg a? A: Can we ask him to give us a hand? B: He is capable of helping us, but the problem is that he’s abroad at the moment. While the grass grows, the horse starves. Example 2: A: （灾区）现在最需要的是帐篷、毛毯、食物和饮用水。 B: 全国各地的救援物资正在往这里送。 A: 远水难解近渴。我提议向中央请求使用战略储备。 A: (Zaiqe) Xiànzài zuì xeyào de shì zhàngpéng, máotfn, shíwù hé yhnyòngshuh. B: Quánguó gèdì de jiùyuán wùzc zhèngzài wfng zhèlh sòng. A: Yufn shuh nán jig jìn kg. Wi tíyì xiàng zhdngyang qhngqiú shhyòng zhànluè chjbèi. A: (In a disaster zone) What we need most now are tents, blankets, food, and drinking water. B: Relief supplies are currently being shipped here from all parts of the country. A: While the grass grows, the horse starves. I propose we petition the central government to use strategic reserves. Usage: Functions mainly as predicate. Variants: 远水难解近渴; 远水不解近渴 Note: Neutral in meaning.

152  Entries 194 – 195: 占着茅坑不拉屎 and 碰一鼻子灰 194. 占着茅坑不拉屎 (佔著茅坑不拉屎)  zhàn zhe máokbng bù lashh Translated character by character, 占着茅坑不拉屎 means ‘hog-ing-latrine pit-notdefecate,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be, ‘a man monopolizes a latrine but does not defecate.’ Its functional translation is ‘to be a dog in the manger.’ Example 1: A: B:

总经理怎么还不退休啊？都六十了，什么出彩的事都没干出来过。 他就是那种占着茅坑不拉屎的人，想让他退休，难着呢。

A: Zingjcnglh zgnme hái bú tuìxie a? Ddu liùshí le, shénme checfi de shì ddu méi gàn chelái guo. B: Ta jiùshì nà zhing zhànzhe máokbng bù lashh de rén, xifng ràng ta tuìxie, nánzhene. A: How is it that the vice-general manager hasn’t retired yet? He’s already 60 and he’s never done anything amazing. B: He’s just like a dog in the manger. Good luck getting him to retire. Example 2: A: B:

有些国会里的代表根本没提出过对老百姓有利的议案。 对，这些人就是占着茅坑不拉屎。

A: Yiuxib Guóhuì lh de dàibifo gbnbgn méi tíche guo duì lfobfixìng yiulì de yì’àn. B: Duì, zhèxib rén jiùshì zhànzhe máokbng bù lashh. A: Some congressional representatives simply haven’t proposed legislation beneficial to the common people. B: Yeah, these people are like dogs in the manger. Usage: Functions as predicate or attributive. Note: Derogatory in meaning. Latrines (茅坑) were used instead of toilets in ancient rural China. Although latrines are seldom seen today, one cannot replace 茅坑 (latrine) with 厕所 (toilet) in this proverb.

195. 碰一鼻子灰 (碰一鼻子灰)  pèng yì bízi huc Translated character by character, 碰一鼻子灰 means ‘hit-one-nose-plaster dust,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to be stood up or ignored.’ Its functional translation is ‘to get the cold shoulder,’ or ‘to be left out in the cold.’



Entry 196: 死猪不怕开水烫 153

Example 1: A: B:

他不是今天晚上请他的大学同学王市长吃饭吗？怎么还没走？ 已经回来了。他高高兴兴地去了，结果碰了一鼻子灰，连市长面都 没见到。

A: Ta búshì jcntian wfnshang qhng ta de dàxué tóngxué Wáng shìzhfng chcfàn ma? Zgnme hái méi ziu? B: Yhjcng huílái le. Ta gaogaoxìngxìng de qù le, jiégui pèngle yì bízi hei, lián shìzhfng miàn ddu méi jiàndào. A: Didn’t he invite his college classmate, Mayor Wang, to dinner tonight? Why hasn’t he left yet? B: He’s back already. He left very happy, but he got the cold shoulder. He didn’t even see the mayor. Example 2: A:

那个小国的总统跑到某大国求助，结果碰了一鼻子灰。该大国的回 答是“自己的事情自己解决”。

A: Nàgè xifo guó de zingting pfo dào miu dà guó qiúzhù, jiégui pèngle yì bízi hei. Gai dà guó de huídá shì “zìjh de shìqíng zìjh jigjué”. A: The president of that small country went to a large country to ask for assistance, with the result being that he was left out in the cold. That large country’s response was, “solve your own issues.” Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Neutral in meaning.

196. 死猪不怕开水烫 (死豬不怕開水燙)  sh zhe bú pà kai shuh tàng Translated character by character, 死猪不怕开水烫 means ‘dead-pig-not-afraidboiling-water-scald,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘the situation is already so bad that to make it worse makes no real difference.’ Example 1: A: B:

你怎么那么胆大，啥话都敢说？ 在这个单位我是没前途了，死猪不怕开水烫，大不了走人。

A: Nh zgnme nàme dfndà, shá huà ddu gfn shud? B: Zài zhège danwèi wi shì méi qiántú le, sh zhe bú pà kaishuh tàng, dàbùlifo ziurén. A: How are you so bold? Is there anything you don’t dare say? B: I simply don’t have a future in this work unit anymore, so it doesn’t affect me. At the worst, I’ll just leave.

154  Entry 197: 换汤不换药 Example 2: A: B:

他怎么抢了一家又一家银行？ 他是死猪不怕开水烫，抢一家就够在监狱待一辈子的。这家伙够疯 狂的。

A: Tá zgnme qifngle yì jia yòu yì jia yínháng? B: Ta shì sh zhe bú pà kaishuh tàng, qifng yì jia jiù gòu zài jianyù dai yíbèizi de. Zhè jiahuo gòu fbngkuáng de. A: How does he rob bank after bank? B: It makes no difference to him. Robbing one bank is enough to earn a life sentence. This guy is crazy. Usage: Usually used singly. Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning.

197. 换汤不换药 (換湯不換藥)  huàn tang bú huàn yào Translated character by character, 换汤不换药 means ‘change-water-not-changemedicine,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘a change in form but not in content.’ Its functional translation is ‘putting old wine in new bottles.’ Example 1: A: B:

政府又在精简机构呢。 换汤不换药，都精简好几次了，可是越简越多。

A: Zhèngfj yòu zài jcngjifn jcgòu ne. B: Huàn tang bú huàn yào, ddu jcngjifn hfo jh cì le, kgshì yuè jifn yuè dud. A: The government is downsizing again. B: They’re just putting old wine in new bottles. The government has been pared back time and again, but it gets bigger with every downsizing. Example 2: A: B:

马教授最近提出了一种新的理论。 又是换汤不换药，跟三十年前的理论没一点区别。

A: Mf jiàoshòu zuìjìn tíche le yìzhing xcnde lhlùn. B: Yòu shì huàn tang bú huàn yào, gbn sanshí nián qián de lhllùn méi yìdifnr qebié. A: Professor Ma put forward a new theory recently. B: He’s putting old wine in new bottles again; it’s no different from the theory of 30 years ago.



Entries 198 – 199: 救命稻草 and 明枪易躲，暗箭难防 155

Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning. Chinese people used traditional Chinese medicine to diagnose and treat diseases in ancient times. Chinese medicine was the most popular means of medical intervention, and the medicine was generally made by steeping herbs in water. Comparatively speaking, the herbs were much more important than the water.

198. 救命稻草 (救命稻草)  jiù mìng dào cfo Translated character by character, 救命稻草 means ‘save-life-straw,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘a potential remedy to a dire situation.’ Its functional translation is ‘a straw to clutch at.’ Example 1: A:

股市低迷，取消印花税成了最后的救命稻草。

A: Gjshì dcmí, qjxiao yìnhuashuì chéngle zuìhòu de jiùmìng dàocfo. A: With the stock market depressed, repealing the stamp tax became a straw to clutch at. Example 2: A:

她失业一年半了，找了无数次工作都不成功。昨天有个公司给了她 一份薪水很低的工作，她就像抓住了一根救命稻草，马上答应了下 来。

A: Ta shcyè yì nián bàn le, zhfole wúshù cì gdngzuò ddu bù chénggdng. Zuótian yiu gè gdngsc ggile ta yí fèn xcnshuh hgn dc de gdngzuò, ta jiù xiàng zhuazhùle yì gbn jiùmìng dàocfo, mfshàng dayìngle xiàlái. A: She’s been unemployed for a year and a half now, and hasn’t been successful in her countless job searches. Yesterday, a company offered her a low-salary job and she, as though clutching at a straw, immediately committed. Usage: Functions as object, usually after the verb ‘抓住.’ Note: Neutral in meaning.

199. 明枪易躲，暗箭难防 (明槍易躲，暗箭難防)  míng qiang yì dui, àn jiàn nán fáng Translated character by character, 明枪易躲，暗箭难防 means ‘open-spear-easy-dodge, hidden-arrow-hard-guard,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be

156  Entry 200: 谋事在人，成事在天 ‘open attacks are easy to plan against, but unexpected attacks are hard to prevent.’ Its functional translation is ‘better an open enemy than a false friend,’ or ‘an open foe may prove a curse; but a pretend friend is even worse.’ Example 1: A: B:

最近他好像不再处处与你为敌了。 希望如此。不过，明枪易躲，暗箭难防，我还得加点儿小心。

A: Zuìjìn ta hfoxiàng búzài chùchù yj nh wéi dí le. B: Xcwàng rúch. Búguò, míng qiang yì dui, àn jiàn nán fáng, wi hái dgi jia difnr xifoxcn. A: Recently, he doesn’t seem to be opposing you at every turn anymore. B: I hope so. However, better an open enemy than a false friend. I should still be a little more careful. Example 2: A:

他极力提倡改革，因此触犯了保守派的利益。虽然他也很善于保护 自己，但是毕竟明枪易躲，暗箭难防，保守派暗地里搜集到了一些 对他不利的材料，最后用这些材料逼他辞职。

A: Ta jílì tíchàng gfigé, ycnch chùfàn le bfoshiupài de lìyì. Sucrán ta yg hgn shànyú bfohù zìjh, dànshì bìjìng míng qiang yì dui, àn jiàn nán fáng, bfoshiupài àndìlh sdují dào le yìxib duì ta búlì de cáiliào, zuìhòu yòng zhèxib cáiliào bc ta cízhí. A: He fervently advocates reform, so he went against the Conservative Party’s interests. While he is very good at protecting himself, an open foe may prove a curse; but a pretend friend is even worse. The Conservative Party secretly found some materials that were damaging to him and, in the end, used them to force him to resign. Usage: Used singly. Note: Neutral in meaning.

200. 谋事在人，成事在天 (謀事在人，成事在天)  móu shì zài rén, chéng shì zài tian Translated character by character, 谋事在人，成事在天 means ‘plan-event-on-person, accomplish-event-on-heaven,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘the planning lies with man, the outcome with heaven.’ Its functional translation is ‘man proposes, god disposes,’ or ‘it’s all in god’s hands now.’ Example 1: A: B:

我们有多大的胜算？ 别去想了，谋事在人，成事在天。



Entry 201: 三个女人一台戏 157

A: Wimen yiu dud dà de shèngsuàn? B: Bié qù xifng le, móu shì zài rén, chéng shì zài tian. A: What are our odds? B: Don’t worry about it. It’s all in god’s hands now. Example 2: A: B:

咳，这么优秀的人，居然没成功。 是啊，谋事在人，成事在天，有时候你得信命。

A: Hài, zhème yduxiù de rén, jerán méi chénggdng. B: Shì a, móu shì zài rén, chéng shì zài tian, yiushíhòu nh dgi xìnmìng. A: Oh, that impressive person surprisingly didn’t succeed. B: Yeah, man proposes, god disposes. Sometimes you need to accept fate. Usage: Used singly. Note: Neutral in meaning.

201. 三个女人一台戏 (三個女人一臺戲)  san gè nr rén yì tái xì Translated character by character, 三个女人一台戏 means ‘three-women-a-MW-show,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘there will be drama when many women are put together.’ Its functional translation is ‘three women make a market, four a fair.’ Example 1: A: B:

把新来的小王安排到那个办公室吧。 这恐怕不太合适吧？三个女人一台戏，现在四位小姐，还用干活儿 吗？不得把办公室闹翻了天啊！

A: Bf xcn lái de Xifo Wáng anpái dào nàgè bàngdngshì ba. B: Zhè kingpà bú tài héshì ba? San gè nrrén yì tái xì, xiànzài sì wèi xifojig, hái yòng gàn huór ma? Bù dgi bf bàngdngshì nào fan le tian a! A: Put the newly arrived Little Wang in that office. B: I’m afraid that isn’t so appropriate. Three women make a market, four a fair. With four ladies now, how can they do their work? They’ll turn the office upside down! Example 2: A: B:

她们三个有矛盾。 一定的，三个女人一台戏，以后有好戏看了。

A: Tamen san gè yiu máodùn. B: Yídìng de, san gè nrrén yì tái xì, yhhòu yiu hfo xì kàn le.

158  Entry 202: 有鼻子有眼 A: There’s an issue between the three of them. B: That’s for sure. Three women make a market, four a fair. This will be fun to watch. Usage: Used singly. Note: Derogatory in meaning.

202. 有鼻子有眼 (有鼻子有眼)  yiu bízi yiu yfn Translated character by character, 有鼻子有眼 means ‘have-nose-have-eyes,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to vividly describe something.’ Its functional translation is ‘(to paint) a word picture.’ Example 1: A:

他没去过法国，但是看过很多关于法国的书，所以说起法国的事也 说得有鼻子有眼。

A: Ta méi qùguò Ffguó, dànshì kànguò hgndud guanyú Ffguó de she, suiyh shudqh ffguó de shì yg shud de yiu bízi yiu yfn. A: He’s never been to France, but he’s read a lot of books about France, so when he speaks about French things, he’s still able to paint a word picture. Example 2:

他被警察带走了！ 真的吗？ 是真的，我听人说了，他就是中午吃饭的时候被带走的，饭馆里很 多人都看见了。 B: 看他们说得有鼻子有眼的，好像真的，不过，都是谣言，因为刚才 我看见他还在办公室。 A: B: A:

A: Ta bèi jhngchá dàiziu le! B: Zhbnde ma? A: Shì zhbnde, wi tcng rén shud le, ta jiùshì zhdngwj chcfàn de shíhòu bèi dàiziu de, fàngufn lh hgndud rén ddu kànjiàn le. B: Kàn tamen shud de yiu bízi yiu yfn de, hfoxiàng zhbnde, búguò, ddu shì yáoyán, ycnwèi gangcái wi kànjiàn ta hái zài bàngdngshì. A: He was taken away by the cops! B: Really? A: Really! I heard people talking. He was taken away when he was eating this afternoon. A lot of people in the restaurant saw. B: Look, they painted a word picture and it seems true, but it’s all hearsay, because I just now saw him still in his office.



Entry 203: 枪打出头鸟 159

Usage: Functions as complement. It is usually used after ‘说得.’ Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

203. 枪打出头鸟 (槍打出頭鳥)  qiang df che tóu nifo Translated character by character, 枪打出头鸟 means ‘gun-shoot-stick-out-bird,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘the hunter will shoot the bird that sticks its head out.’ Example 1: A: B: A:

最近你低调一点儿，别太张扬了。 怎么了？爸爸？ 现在媒体上反腐败的声势很大，枪打出头鸟，你别成第一个中枪的。

A: Zuìjìn nh dcdiào yìdifnr, bié tài zhangyáng le. B: Zgnme le? Bàba? A: Xiànzài méith shàng ffn fjbài de shbngshì hgn dà, qiang df che tóu nifo, nh bié chéng dì yc gè zhòngqiang de. A: You should be a little more low key these days. Don’t be too overt. B: What’s wrong, dad? A: The emphasis on anti-corruption in the media is very heavy now. The hunter will shoot the bird that sticks its head out. Don’t be the first one to get caught. Example 2: A: B:

他的前途怎么样？ 这个年青人有能力，就是太喜欢出风头。枪打出头鸟，说不定哪天 就倒霉了。

A: Ta de qiántú zgnmeyàng? B: Zhègè niánqcngrén yiu nénglì, jiùshì tài xhhuan che fbngtou. Qiang df che tóu nifo, shudbúdìng nf tian jiù dfoméi le. A: How does his future look? B: That young person is capable, but he’s too fond of the limelight. The nail that sticks up gets hammered down. One can’t say when his luck will run out. Usage: Used singly. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

160  Entries 204 – 205: 碰钉子 and 蹬鼻子上脸 204. 碰钉子 (碰釘子)  pèng dìngzi Translated character by character, 碰钉子 means ‘meet-nail,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to be met with rejection.’ Its functional translation is ‘to be rebuffed.’ Example 1: A: B:

合作的事谈得怎么样？ 别提了，人家根本没什么兴趣。我碰了个钉子。

A: Hézuò de shì tán de zgnmeyàng? B: Bié tí le, rénjia gbnbgn méi shénme xìngqù. Wi pèngle gè dìngzi. A: How’re the cooperation negotiations going? B: Don’t bring that up. They really aren’t interested at all. I’ve been rebuffed. Example 2: A: B:

这件事怎么这么顺利？ 其实也不是，开始的时候也碰了不少钉子*。

A: Zhè jiàn shì zgnme zhème shùnlì? B: Qíshí yg búshì, kaishh de shíhòu yg pèng le bùshfo dìngzi. A: How is this going so smoothly? B: It actually isn’t. At the outset we were rebuffed quite a few times. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Neutral in meaning.

205. 蹬鼻子上脸 (蹬鼻子上臉)  dbng bízi shàng lifn Translated character by character, 蹬鼻子上脸 means ‘climb-nose-mount-face.’ Its implied meaning is ‘to go too far.’ Example 1: A: B:

姐夫敢打咱姐姐。 上次就把姐姐气哭了，现在简直蹬鼻子上脸了。咱哥儿俩好好收拾 收拾他，给他点儿颜色看看。

A: Jigfu gfn df zán jigjie. B: Shàng cì jiù bf jigjie qì ke le, xiànzài jifnzhí dbng bízi shàng lifn le. Zánmen gbr lif hfohao shdushi shdushi ta, ggi ta difnr yánsè kànkan. A: How dare our brother-in-law beat our sister! B: Last time he made our sister so angry she cried. Now he’s truly gone too far. The two of us should go teach him a lesson and set him straight.



Entry 206: 吃豆腐 161

Example 2: A: B:

小王又提出升职请求了。 前段时间他闹涨工资，那次满足他了，这回蹬鼻子上脸了，看来他 的胃口不小啊。

A: Xifo Wáng yòu tíche shbngzhí qhngqiú le. B: Qián duàn shíjian ta nào zhfng gdngzc, nà cì mfnzú ta le, zhè huí dbng bízi shàng lifn le, kànlai ta de wèikiu bù xifo a. A: Little Wang requested a promotion again. B: He’d been agitating for a raise before and we obliged him. Now, he’s gone too far. It seems he’s just greedy. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning.

206. 吃豆腐 (吃豆腐)  chc dòufu Translated character by character, 吃豆腐 means ‘eat-tofu,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to eat tofu.’ Its functional translation is ‘to come on to’ or ‘to take advantage of a woman.’ Example 1: A: B:

他这个人见到漂亮女人就拔不开步。 总想吃豆腐。

A: Ta zhègè rén jiàndào piàoliang nrren jiù bá bù kai bù. B: Zing xifng chc dòufu. A: When this guy spots a beautiful woman he can’t just move on. B: He always wants to make a move. Example 2: A: B:

大姐，今天没人请吃饭啊？ 那也轮不到你，想吃老娘的豆腐，你还嫩点儿。

A: Dàjig, jcntian méi rén qhng chcfàn a? B: Nà yg lún bú dào nh, xifng chc lfoniáng de dòufu, nh hái nèng difnr. A: Miss, has no one asked you out yet today? B: It’s not your turn yet. You’re too young to be taking advantage of this old lady. Usage: Functions as predicate. Some words, such as ‘hers’ (她的), ‘mine’ (我的), ‘a beautiful woman’s’ (漂亮女人的), ‘an old lady’s’ (老娘的), etc. can be inserted into this phrase without changing its idiomatic meaning.

162  Entry 207: 眉毛胡子一把抓 Note: Humorous and slightly derogatory in meaning. 吃豆腐 comes from Southern dialects. As such, it is used more often in the South (including Taiwan).

207. 眉毛胡子一把抓 (眉毛鬍子一把抓)  méimao húzi yì bf zhua Translated character by character, 眉毛胡子一把抓 means ‘eyebrow-beard-one-handgrab,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to do everything at once.’ Its functional translation is ‘to tackle everything all at once,’ or ‘to deal with everything in one fell swoop.’ Example 1: A: B:

我怎么老有干不完的事啊？ 每个人都有很多事，但事情的重要性不同，你不能眉毛胡子一把抓， 要分清重点，做事讲先后。

A: Wi zgnme lfo yiu gàn bù wán de shì a? B: Mgigè rén ddu yiu hgndud shì, dàn shìqíng de zhòngyàoxìng bùtóng, nh bùnéng méimao húzi yì bf zhua, yào fbnqcng zhòngdifn, zuòshì jifng xianhòu. A: Why do I always have things that I can’t finish? B: Everyone has a lot of issues, but those issues are of differing degrees of importance. You can’t try to tackle everything all at once. You have to clearly identify your focus and prioritize things. Example 2: A:

他的报告内容丰富，有很多细节，但缺点是眉毛胡子一把抓，分不 清主次。

A: Ta de bàogào nèiróng fbngfù, yiu hgndud xìjié, dàn qubdifn shì méimao húzi yì bf zhua, fbn bù qcng zhjcì. A: His report had a lot of content and detail, but its weakness was that it tackled everything at once and wasn’t organized. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning.



Entry 208: 偷鸡不成反蚀把米 163 208. 偷鸡不成反蚀把米 (偷雞不成反蝕把米)  tdu jc bù chéng ffn shí bf mh

Translated character by character, 偷鸡不成反蚀把米 means ‘steal-chicken-notsuccessful-instead-lose-handful-rice,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to seek to better oneself but end up losing what one already had.’ Its functional translation is ‘to go out for wool and come back shorn.’ Example 1: A:

1997-98年的东南亚金融危机中，对冲基金在泰国、印尼等地大赚了 一笔之后又想做空香港股市。没想到中国政府动用外汇储备，强力 救市，结果对冲基金偷鸡不成反蚀把米，在香港吃了不小的亏。

A: 1997–98 nián de Ddngnányà jcnróng wbijc zhdng, duìchdng jcjcn zài Tàiguó, Yìnní dgng dì dà zhuàn le yì bh zhchòu yòu xifng zuòkdng Xianggfng gjshì. Méixifngdào Zhdngguó zhèngfj dòngyòng wàihuì chjbèi, qiánglì jiùshì, jiégui duìchdng jcjcn tdu jc bù chéng ffn shí bf mh, zài Xianggfng chc le bù xifo de kuc. A: In the midst of the 1997–98 Southeast Asian financial crisis, after they made a killing in Thailand and Indonesia, hedge funds wanted to speculate in the Hong Kong stock market. They didn’t expect China would employ its foreign currency reserves to wrestle the market back from the brink. In the end, the hedge funds went out for wool and came back shorn, having lost a great deal of money in Hong Kong. Example 2: A: B:

他们故意输球，就是为了在淘汰赛中避免遇到皇家马德里队。 嘿嘿，他们做梦也没想到这个小组中的那支最弱的队居然战胜了另 外一支强队。他们偷鸡不成反蚀把米，连小组赛都没有出线。

A: Tamen gùyì she qiú, jiùshì wèile zài táotàisài zhdng bìmifn yùdào Huángjia Mfdélh Duì. B: Hbi hbi, tamen zuòmèng yg méi xifngdào zhègè xifozj zhdng de nà zhc zuì ruò de duì jerán zhànshèngle lìngwài yì zhc qiáng duì. Tamen tdu jc bù chéng ffn shí bf mh, lián xifozjsài ddu méiyiu chexiàn. A: They threw the match so that they could face Real Madrid in the elimination rounds. B: Haha, not even in their dreams would they imagine that the weakest team in the group stage would defeat another strong team. They went out for wool and came back shorn; they didn’t even make it out of the group stage. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning.

164  Entries 209 – 210: 众人拾柴火焰高 and 快刀斩乱麻 209. 众人拾柴火焰高 (衆人拾柴火焰高)  zhòng rén shí chái hui yàn gao Translated character by character, 众人拾柴火焰高 means ‘many-people-collecttwig-fire-flame-high,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘many people working together allows greater achievement.’ Its functional translation is ‘many hands make light work,’ or ‘little things add up.’ Example 1: A: B:

我没好办法了。 没关系，我们可以搞问卷调查，征求大家的意见，众人拾柴火焰高 嘛。

A: Wi méi hfo bànff le. B: Méiguanxì, wimen kgyh gfo wènjuàn diàochá, zhbngqiú dàjia de yìjiàn, zhòngrén shíchái huiyàn gao ma. A: I don’t have a good solution. B: It’s OK. We can conduct a questionnaire survey and solicit everyone’s opinions. Many hands make light work. Example 2: A:

如果每人都捐助一块钱，但是人人都捐助的话，那么，众人拾柴火 焰高，总量也是很大的。

A: Rúgui mgi rén ddu juanzhù yc kuài qián, dànshì rénrén ddu juanzhù de huà, nàme, zhòngrén shíchái huiyàn gao, zingliàng yg shì hgn dà de. A: If each person contributes a dollar, but everyone contributes, then little things will add up and the total will be very large. Usage: Used singly. Note: Complimentary in meaning. 210. 快刀斩乱麻 (快刀斬亂麻)  kuài dao zhfn luàn má Translated character by character, 快刀斩乱麻 means ‘sharp-knife-chop-messy-knot,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to quickly solve a complicated problem by being decisive and taking resolute action.’ Its functional translation is ‘to cut the Gordian knot.’ Example 1: A: B:

这事儿我再想想。 还想什么啊？芝麻点儿事儿，本来很简单，让你越想越复杂。其实 根本没那么复杂，你快刀斩乱麻，做完了就完了。



Entry 211: 吃软饭 165

A: Zhè shìr wi zài xifngxifng. B: Hái xifng shénme a? Zhcma difnr shìr, bgnlái hgn jifndan, ràng nh yuè xifng yuè fùzá. Qíshí gbnbgn méi nàme fùzá, nh kuài dao zhfn luàn má, zuò wánle jiù wán le. A: I’ll think some more about this issue. B: What is there to think about? It’s a trivial issue. It was very simple, but the more you thought the more complicated it got. But it’s really not that complicated, you should cut the Gordian knot. When it’s done, it’s done. Example 2: A:

新政府快刀斩乱麻，只用了一年时间就解决了上届政府遗留下来的 众多难题。办事效率真高。

A: Xcn zhèngfj kuài dao zhfn luàn má, zhh yòngle yì nián shíjian jiù jigjué le shàng jiè zhèngfj yíliú xiàlái de zhòngdud nántí. Bànshì xiàolq zhbn gao. A: The new government cut the Gordian knot, solving the stubborn problems they inherited from the previous administration in only a year. Their problem solving efficacy is impressive. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Complimentary in meaning. 211. 吃软饭 (吃軟飯)  chc rufn fàn Translated character by character, 吃软饭 means ‘eat-soft-rice.’ Its functional translation is ‘freeloader,’ or ‘to freeload.’ Example 1: A: B:

他又帅又有魅力，事业又很成功。 他啊，是个吃软饭的，全靠他老婆。没有他老婆，他顶多也就是个 三线演员。

A: Ta yòu shuài yòu yiu mèilì, shìyè yòu hgn chénggdng. B: Ta a, shì gè chcrufnfàn de, quán kào ta lfopo. Méiyiu ta lfopo, ta dhngdud yg jiùshì gè san xiàn yfnyuán. A: He’s handsome, he’s charming, and he’s successful. B: Him? He’s a freeloader. He relies on his wife for everything. If he didn’t have his wife, he would be, at best, a C-list performer. Example 2: A: B:

老婆，再给我一次机会吧。 你这个废物，就靠吃软饭活着，哪天像个男人来着。

A: Lfopo, zài ggi wi yí cì jchuì ba. B: Nh zhègè fèiwu, jiù kào chcrufnfàn huózhe, nf tian xiàng gè nánren láizhe.

166  Entries 212 – 213: 一着不慎，满盘皆输 and 听风就是雨 A: Baby, give me another chance! B: You’re a good-for-nothing, freeloading to get by. When have you ever been a man? Usage: Functions as predicate, or attributive. Note: Used to be strongly derogatory, but has become slightly derogatory with time.

212. 一着不慎，满盘皆输 (一招不慎，滿盤皆輸)  yì zhao bú shèn, mfn pán jib she Translated character by character, 一着不慎，满盘皆输 means ‘one-move-not-cautious, whole-board-all-lose.’ Its functional translation is ‘one false move may lose the game.’ Example 1: A:

这是关系到两国外交关系的大事，务必格外谨慎，一着不慎，满盘 皆输。

A: Zhè shì guanxì dào lifng guó wàijiao guanxì de dàshì, wùbì géwài jhnshèn, yì zhao bú shèn, mfn pán jib she. A: This is a big issue that will affect the diplomatic relationship between the two countries. We must be particularly careful. One false move may lose the game. Example 2: A:

两个人正在竞选市长，对各种利益集团的要求尽量满足，或者不明 确表态，生怕一着不慎，满盘皆输。

A: Lifng gè rén zhèngzài jìngxufn shìzhfng, duì gèzhing lìyì jítuán de yaoqiú jìnliàng mfnzú, huòzhg bù míngquè bifotài, shbng pà yì zhao bú shèn, mfn pán jib she. A: The two people currently running for mayor are trying their utmost to satisfy the demands of various interest groups, or to not express a clear stance, lest one false move lose the game. Usage: Used singly. Note: Neutral in meaning.

213. 听风就是雨 (聼風就是雨)  tcng fbng jiù shì yj Translated character by character, 听风就是雨 means ‘hear-wind-then-be-rain,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to jump to conclusions from insignificant evidence.’



Entry 214: 鸿门宴 167

Example 1: A: B:

不好了，中东要打起来了。 谁说的？你别听风就是雨。过去一艘航空母舰就一定会打仗吗？

A: Bù hfo le, Zhdngddng yào df qhlái le. B: Shéi shud de? Nh bié tcng fbng jiùshì yj. Guòqù yì sdu hángkdngmjjiàn jiù yídìng huì dfzhàng ma? A: It’s a mess. The Middle East is going to blow up. B: Says who? Don’t jump to conclusions from insignificant evidence. Do you think that war is coming whenever an aircraft carrier is sent over there? Example 2: A:

我们要有自信心，不能听风就是雨。

A: Wi men yào yiu zìxìnxcn, bùnéng tcng fbng jiùshì yj. A: We need to have self-confidence. We can’t jump to conclusions from insignificant evidence. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

214.  鸿门宴 (鴻門宴)  Hóngmén yàn Translated character by character, 鸿门宴 means ‘Hongmen-banquet,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘an event set up to provide the opportunity to attack an invitee.’ Example 1: A: B:

听说他要请你吃饭。 肯定是鸿门宴，我不想去。

A: Tcngshud ta yào qhng nh chcfàn. B: Kgndìng shì Hóngményàn, wi bù xifng qù. A: I heard he is going to ask you to dinner. B: It’s definitely an ambush. I don’t want to go. Example 2: A:

我们摆下鸿门宴，看他们有没有胆量来。

A: Wimen bfi xià Hóngményàn, kàn tamen yiu méi yiu dfnliàng lái. A: Let’s lay down an ambush and see if he has the guts to show up. Usage: Functions as object. Note: Neutral in meaning.

168  Entries 215 – 216: 吃哑巴亏 and 眼中钉、肉中刺 215. 吃哑巴亏 (吃啞巴虧)  chc yfba kuc Translated character by character, 吃哑巴亏 means ‘eat-mute-loss,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to silently accept a bad outcome.’ Its functional translation is ‘to bite one’s tongue,’ or ‘to hold one’s tongue.’ Example 1: A:

初到美国的中国人，由于语言不通的关系，不少事情明知不合理， 但是不能据理力争，只好吃哑巴亏。

A: Che dào Mgiguó de Zhdngguó rén, yóuyú yjyán bù tdng de guanxì, bùshfo shìqíng míngzhc bù hélh, dànshì bùnéng jùlh-lìzhbng, zhhhfo chc yfba kuc. A: Due to a language divide, Chinese people who have just arrived in America know perfectly well that many things are unjust, but can’t elucidate their arguments, so they bite their tongues. Example 2: A:

有些女雇员受到男上司的性骚扰，不敢报警。一是怕证据不足，二 是怕名声受到影响，所以吃了不少哑巴亏。

A: Yiuxib nr gùyuán shòudào nán shàngsc de xìngsaorfo, bùgfn bàojhng. Yc shì pà zhèngjù bùzú, èr shì pà míngshbng shòudào yhngxifng, suiyh chcle bùshfo yfba kuc. A: Some female employees suffer sexual harassment by male superiors and don’t dare report it. First, they are afraid that there is insufficient evidence; second, they fear it will affect their reputation. So, they bite their tongues. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory or neutral in meaning.

216. 眼中钉、肉中刺 (眼中釘、肉中刺)  yfn zhdng dcng, ròu zhdng cì Translated character by character, 眼中钉、肉中刺 means ‘eye-inside-nail, fleshinside-thorn,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘an irritating impediment.’ Its functional translation is ‘a thorn in the side.’ Example 1: A:

由于他屡屡在众人面前让领导难堪，领导决心拔掉这颗眼中钉、肉 中刺，也就是把他解雇。

A: Yóuyú ta lrlr zài zhòngrén miànqián ràng lhngdfo nánkan, lhngdfo juéxcn bádiào zhè kb yfnzhdngdcng, ròuzhdngcì, ygjiùshì bf ta jiggù.



Entry 217: 舍不得孩子套不住狼 169

A: Because he embarrassed the leader in front of the public time and again, the leader was determined to remove this thorn from his side. That is to say: to fire him. Example 2: A:

朝鲜一直被一些国家视为眼中钉，他们总想借机颠覆朝鲜政权。

A: Cháoxifn yìzhí bèi yìxib guójia shìwéi yfnzhdngdcng, ròuzhdngcì, tamen zingshì xifng jièjc dianfù Cháoxifn zhèngquán. A: North Korea has constantly been seen as a thorn in their side by a few countries, which are always looking for an opportunity to overthrow its regime. Usage: Functions as objective. Variant: 眼中钉、肉中刺 Note: Neutral in meaning.

217. 舍不得孩子套不住狼 (捨不得孩子套不住狼)  shg bù de háizi tào bú zhù láng Translated character by character, 舍不得孩子套不住狼 means ‘give up-not-ablechild-catch-not-able-wolf,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘one must take risks to reap rewards.’ Its functional translation is ‘you have to spend money to make money.’ Example 1:

那个地方政府真是豁出去了，为了引进外资，答应外商无偿使用十 五年土地。 B: 舍不得孩子套不住狼，现在的狼胃口可大了。 A:

A: Nàgè dìfang zhèngfj zhbn shì hud cheqù le, wèile yhnjìn wàizc, dayìng wàishang wúcháng shhyòng shíwj nián tjdì. B: Shg bù de háizi tào bú zhù láng, xiànzài de láng wèikiu kg dà le. A: That municipal government really went all out. In order to attract foreign capital, they agreed to allow foreign businesses to use the land for free for fifteen years. B: You have to spend money to make money. The appetites of foreign businessmen aren’t easily satisfied nowadays. Example 2: A: B:

不行，我们这样亏大了。 谁说不是呢？但是我们得把眼光放长远一点儿，舍不得孩子套不住 狼。这次赔，下次赚。

170  Entry 218: 挂羊头、卖狗肉 A: Bùxíng, wimen zhèyàng kuc dà le. B: Shéi shud búshì ne? Dànshì wimen dgi bf yfnguang fàng chángyufn yìdifnr, shg bù de háizi tào bú zhù láng. Zhècì péi, xiàcì zuàn. A: That won’t work. If we do that we’ll lose a fortune. B: Who said we wouldn’t? But we need to set our sights a little further. You have to spend money to make money. This time we’ll lose, next time we’ll make a profit. Usage: Used singly. Variant: 舍不得孩子套不着狼 Note: Humorous in meaning.

218. 挂羊头、卖狗肉 (掛羊頭、賣狗肉)  guà yáng tóu, mài giu ròu Translated character by character, 挂羊头、卖狗肉 means ‘hang-goat-head, sell-dogmeat,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to sell dog meat while hanging a goat’s head outside the shop/restaurant as advertisement.’ Its functional translation is ‘to cry wine and sell vinegar,’ or ‘to bait and switch.’ Example 1: A: B:

咱们公司对面开了两家洗浴中心。 挂羊头、卖狗肉。鬼都知道那是色情服务场所。

A: Zánmen gdngsc duìmiàn kaile lifng jia xhyù zhdngxin. B: Guàyángtóu, màigiuròu. Guh ddu zhcdao nà shì sèqíng fúwù chfngsui. A: Two bathhouses opened across the way from our company. B: That’s crying wine and selling vinegar. Everyone knows those are ‘massage parlours.’ Example 2: A: B:

听说清华来的大教授要在我们学校开一门课，我想去注册。 算了吧。前两年还有一个美国的教授开课呢，一个学期就见过一次 面，剩下的都是助手教的。挂羊头、卖狗肉。

A: Tcngshud Qcnghuá lái de dà jiàoshòu yào zài wimen xuéxiào kai yì mén kè, wi xifng qù zhùcè. B: Suàn le ba. Qián lifng nián hái yiu yígè Mgiguó de jiàoshòu kai kè ne, yígè xuéqc jiù jiànguò yí cì miàn, shèngxià de ddu shì zhùshiu jiao de. Guàyángtóu, màigiuròu.



Entry 219: 煮熟的鸭子飞了 171

A: I hear that a famous professor from Tsinghua University is going to teach a class at our school. I want to go register. B: Forget about it. Two years ago, there was an American professor teaching a course; I saw him only once that entire semester, the rest was taught by the TA. It’s just a bait and switch. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

219. 煮熟的鸭子飞了 (煮熟的鴨子飛了)  zhj shú de yazi fbi le Translated character by character, 煮熟的鸭子飞了 means ‘boil-cooked-duck-fly-ed,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to lose something that is certain.’ Its functional translation is ‘to slip through one’s fingers.’ Example 1: A: B:

明天就决赛了，可是咱们的选手今天训练的时候受伤了。 完了，煮熟的鸭子飞了，到手的金牌少了一块。

A: Míngtian jiù juésài le, kgshì zánmen de xufnshiu jcntian xùnliàn de shíhou shòushang le. B: Wán le, zhj shú de yazi fbi le, dàoshiu de jcnpái shfole yí kuài. A: Tomorrow are the finals, but our contestant was injured during practice today. B: That’s it. It’s slipped through our fingers. We’ll get one fewer gold medal. Example 2:

对方已经同意了合同上的全部条款，明天就正式签约，不会再出现 意外情况了吧？ B: 放心吧，煮熟的鸭子飞不了。 A:

A: Duìfang yhjcng tóngyì le hétóng shàng de quánbù tiáokufn, míngtian jiù zhèngshì qianyub, búhuì zài chexiàn yìwài qíngkuàng le ba? B: Fàngxcn ba, zhj shú de yazi fbi bùlifo. A: They have already agreed to all of the conditions in the contract and are officially signing the document tomorrow. There won’t be any more unexpected developments, right? B: Relax! This won’t slip through our fingers. Usage: Used singly. Note: Humorous in meaning.

172  Entries 220 – 221: 常在河边走，哪有不湿鞋 and 三脚猫 220. 常在河边走，哪有不湿鞋 (常在河邊走，

哪有不溼鞋)  cháng zài hé bian ziu, nf yiu bù shc xié Translated character by character, 常在河边走，哪有不湿鞋 means ‘often-on-riverside-walk, how-not-dampen-shoes,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘you are marked by your surroundings.’ Its functional translation is ‘touch pitch, and you will be defiled.’ Example 1: A: B:

听说咱们公司的现金出纳贪污了一万美元。 常在河边走，哪有不湿鞋的。大把大把的钞票每天从手里过，很难 一点儿也不动心。

A: Tcngshud zánmen gdngsc de xiànjcn chenà tanwe le yíwàn mgiyuán. B: Cháng zài hé bian ziu, nf yiu bù shc xié de. Dà bf dà bf de chaopiào mgitian cóng shiuli guò, hgn nán yìdifnr yg bú dòngxcn. A: I heard our company’s comptroller embezzled $10,000. B: Touch pitch, and you will be defiled. Handling handfuls of bills every day, it’s hard not to be tempted at least a little. Example 2:

她最初在酒吧只是唱歌，后来也陪客人喝酒了，有时候也陪客人出 去过夜。 B: 常在河边走，哪能不湿鞋？那种灯红酒绿的场合太腐蚀人了。 A:

A: Ta zuìche zài jijba zhhshì chànggb, hòulái yg péi kèren hbjij le, yiushíhòu yg péi kèren cheqù guòyè. B: Cháng zài hé bian ziu, nf néng bù shc xié? Nàzhing dbnghóng-jijlq de chfnghé tài fjshí rén le. A: At first, she only sang at the bar. Afterwards, she also started to drink with the clientele. Sometimes she also sleeps with them. B: Touch pitch, and you shall be defiled. Those nightlife spots are too corrupting. Usage: Used singly. Variant: 常在河边走, 哪能不湿鞋 Note: Humorous or neutral in meaning.

221. 三脚猫 (三腳貓)  san jifo mao Translated character by character, 三脚猫 means ‘three-feet-cat,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to not have real skill.’ Its functional translation is ‘dilettantish,’ or ‘middling.’



Entry 222: 吃闭门羹 173

Example 1: A: B:

她开了一家影楼。 以她那点儿三脚猫的照相技术，美女进去，丑八怪出来。

A: Ta kaile yì jia yhnglóu. B: Yh ta nà difnr sanjifomao de zhàoxiàng jìshù, mginr jìnqù, chiubaguài chelái. A: He opened a photography studio. B: With her dilettantish photography skills, beautiful women go in, and ugly monsters come out. Example 2: A: B:

他想在你面前显示显示他的能力。 就他那点儿三脚猫的本事，还想在我面前耍，真是自不量力。

A: Ta xifng zài nh miànqián xifnshì xifnshì ta de nénglì. B: Jiù ta nà difnr sanjifomao de bgnshì, hái xifng zài wi miànqián shuf, zhbn shì zìbúliànglì. A: He wants to showcase his skills in front of you. B: He wants to showcase his middling skills to me? He really overestimates himself. Usage: Functions as predicative or attributive. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

222. 吃闭门羹 (吃閉門羹)  chc bì mén gbng Translated character by character, 吃闭门羹 means ‘eat-shut-door-soup,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to be turned away at the door.’ Its functional translation is ‘to be left out in the cold,’ or ‘to get the cold shoulder.’ Example 1: A:

我们一群人去了她家，结果吃了闭门羹。人家不在家。

A: Wimen yì qún rén qùle ta jia, jiégui chcle bìméngbng. Rénjia bú zài jia. A: The group of us went to her house and ended up being left out in the cold because she wasn’t home. Example 2: A:

他是推销员，在吃了无数次闭门羹以后，练成了一开口就能吸引住 别人的本领。

A: Ta shì tucxiaoyuán, zài chcle wúshù cì bìméngbng yhhòu, liàn chéng le yì kai kiu jiù néng xcyhn zhù biérén de bgnlhng.

174  Entry 223: 三十年河东，三十年河西 A: He’s a salesman. After being cold-shouldered innumerable times, he developed the ability to captivate people quickly. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.

223. 三十年河东，三十年河西 (三十年河東，

三十年河西)  sanshí nián hé ddng, sanshí nián hé xc Translated character by character, 三十年河东，三十年河西 means ‘thirty-yearsriver-(flow) east, thirty-years-river-(flow) west,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘things in life change often.’ Its functional translation is ‘change is the only constant,’ or ‘the wheel of fortune turns.’ Example 1: A: B:

现在“毛泽东研究”又热了起来。 真是三十年河东，三十年河西啊！

A: Xiànzài “Máo Zéddng Yánjie” yòu rèle qhlái. B: Zhbn shì sanshí nián hé ddng, sanshí nián hé xc a! A: The study of Mao Zedong has become hot again. B: Change is the only constant, huh! Example 2:

史蒂夫·乔布斯创建了苹果公司，后来他被董事会解雇，再后来苹 果陷入困境，公司又把乔布斯请了回来。 B: 三十年河东，三十年河西，乔布斯情何以堪啊？ A:

A: Shhdìfe Qiáobùsc chuàngjiàn le Pínggui gdngsc, hòulái ta bèi dingshìhuì jiggù, zài hòulái Pínggui xiànrù kùnjìng, gdngsc yòu bf Qiáobùsc qhngle huílái. B: Sanshí nián hé ddng, sanshí nián hé xc, Qiáobùsc qínghéyhkan a? A: Steve Jobs founded Apple but later he was dismissed by the board. After that, when Apple fell on hard times, the company invited Jobs back again. B: The wheel of fortune turns. For Jobs, love is too heavy, huh? Usage: Functions as predicative or used singly. Variant: 三十年河东河西 Note: Humorous in meaning.



Entries 224 – 225: 土包子 and 树大招风 175 224. 土包子 (土包子)  tj baozi

Translated character by character, 土包子 means ‘rural-bun,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘an extremely uncultured person from the countryside.’ Its functional translation is ‘a bumpkin,’ or, when spoken of oneself, ‘a boor.’ Example 1: A: B:

这是什么东西啊？看起来味道不错。 土包子！什么都没见过。这是狗粮。

A: Zhè shì shénme ddngxc a? Kàn qhlái wèidào búcuò. B: Tj baozi! Shénme ddu méi jiànguò. Zhè shì giuliáng. A: What’s this? It looks pretty tasty. B: You bumpkin! You haven’t seen anything. This is dog food. Example 2: A:

虽然他在中国的大城市住，但是到了上海以后就发现自己是个土包 子。

A: Sucrán ta zài Zhdngguó de dàchéngshì zhù, dànshì dàole Shànghfi yhhòu jiù faxiàn zìjh shì gè tjbaozi. A: While he lives in a big city in China, after he got to Shanghai, he realized he was a boor. Usage: Nominal element, functions mainly as predicative or object. Note: Derogatory in meaning.

225. 树大招风 (樹大招風)  shù dà zhao fbng Translated character by character, 树大招风 means ‘tree-big-catch-wind,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘prominent people are at risk of being attacked.’ Its functional translation is ‘the winds howl around the highest peaks.’ Example 1:

孩子，你怎么那么高调？不能低调一点儿吗？ 怎么了，爸爸？我的钱又不是偷来的、抢来的，我花自己的钱怎么 不行？ A: 孩子，树大招风，你年轻轻的就有了几千万，别人会眼红的。

A: B:

176  Entry 226: 酒逢知己千杯少 A: Háizi, nh zgnme nàme gaodiào? Bùnéng dcdiào yìdifnr ma? B: Zénme le, bàba? Wide qián yòu búshì tdu lái de, qifng lái de, wi hua zìjh de qián zgnme bùxíng? A: Háizi, shù dà zhao fbng, nh niánqcngqing de jiù yiule jh qian wàn, biéren huì yfnhóng de. A: Son, why are you so flashy? Can’t you be a little more low key? B: What’s wrong, Dad? My money isn’t stolen. What’s wrong about spending my own money? A: Son, the winds howl around the highest peaks. You’re already a multimillionaire at such a young age, people are apt to be jealous. Example 2:

这个艺人太张扬了，又是大摆生日宴，请666个名人参加；又是买私 人城堡；还在全国招徒弟。 B: 树大招风，估计税务局的人该盯上他了。 A:

A: Zhègè yìrén tài zhangyáng le, yòushì dà bfi shbngriyàn, qhng 666 gè míngrén canjia; yòushì mfi scrén chéngbfo; hái zài quánguó zhao túdi. B: Shù dà zhao fbng, geji shuìwùjú de rén gai dcng shang ta le. A: That artist is too conspicuous. He threw a huge birthday party again, and invited 666 famous people to attend. He also bought his own castle. He’s also scouring the world for an apprentice. B: The winds howl around the highest peaks. The tax bureau might have paid attention to him. Usage: Used singly. Note: Neutral in meaning.

226. 酒逢知己千杯少 (酒逢知己千杯少)  jij féng zhc jh qian bbi shfo Translated character by character, 酒逢知己千杯少 means ‘drinking-met-bosomfriend-thousand-toast-not enough.’ Its functional translation is ‘for a good friend, a thousand toasts are too few.’ Example 1: A: B: A:

咱们再干一杯！ 不行，我已经喝了十几杯了。 十几杯算什么！酒逢知己千杯少。我先干为敬！

A: Zánmen zài gan yì bbi! B: Bùxíng, wi yhjcng hble shí jh bbi le. A: Shí jh bbi suàn shénme? Jij féng zhcjh qian bbi shfo. Wi xian gan wéi jìng.



Entry 227: 当一天和尚撞一天钟 177

A: Let’s have another! B: No, I’ve already had ten glasses. A: What’s ten glasses? For a good friend, a thousand toasts are too few. I’ll show my respect by drinking first. Example 2: A:

今天难得大家这么高兴，酒逢知己千杯少，大家一定要尽兴！

A: Jcntian nándé dàjia zhème gaoxìng, jij féng zhcjh qian bbi shfo, dàjia yídìng yào jìnxìng! A: It’s rare to see everyone as happy as today. For a good friend, a thousand toasts are too few. Everyone needs to let loose. Usage: Used singly. Note: Neutral in meaning.

227. 当一天和尚撞一天钟 (當一天和尚撞一天鐘)  dang yì tian héshang zhuàng yì tian zhdng Translated character by character, 当一天和尚撞一天钟 means ‘be-one-day-monk-ringone-day-bell,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to take a passive attitude towards one’s work.’ Its functional translation is ‘to go through the motions.’ Example 1: A: B:

反正我也不想在这家公司干了，混到年底拿到奖金就走人。 你太缺乏职业精神了，当一天和尚撞一天钟，你得尽职尽责到最后 一天。

A: Ffnzhèng wi yg bù xifng zài zhè jia gdngsc gàn le, hùn dào niándh ná dào jifngjcn jiù ziurén. B: Nh yg tài qubfá zhíyè jcngshen le, dang yì tian héshang zhuàng yì tian zhdng, nh dgi jìnzhí-jìnzé dào zuìhòu yì tian. A: I don’t want to work at this company anymore. I’ll coast until I get my bonus at the end of the year and then I’ll leave. B: You’re so unprofessional, going through the motions. You need to stay diligent until your last day. Example 2: A: B:

他怎么每天都昏昏沉沉的，总是踩着点儿来，下班就走？ 他呀，啥时候努力过？总是当一天和尚撞一天钟。

A: Ta zgnme mgi tian ddu henhunchénchen de, zingshì cfizhe difnr lái, xiàban jiù ziu. B: Ta ya, shá shíhou njlì guò? Zingshì dang yì tian héshang zhuàng yì tian zhdng.

178  Entry 228: 是骡子是马拉出来遛遛 A: How is he always so lethargic, arriving just in the nick of time and leaving as soon as work is over? B: Him? When has he ever worked hard? He’s always just going through the motions. Usage: Functions as predicative, or used singly. Variant: 做/作一天和尚撞一天钟 Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning.

228. 是骡子是马拉出来遛遛 (是騾子是馬拉出來遛遛)  shì luózi shì mf la chelai liùliu Translated character by character, 是骡子是马拉出来溜溜 means ‘is-mule-is-horsepull-out-to walk,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘let’s see what you can do.’ Its functional translation is ‘actions speak louder than words,’ or ‘it’s time to see what someone is worth.’ Example 1: A: B:

你有什么了不起？ 不服啊？是骡子是马拉出来遛遛。敢打一架吗？

A: Nh yiu shénme lifobùqh? B: Bù fú a? Shì luózi shì mf la chelai liùliu. Gfn df yí jià ma? A: What’s so special about you? B: You’re not convinced? Actions speak louder than words. Do you dare go a round with me? Example 2: A: B:

世界杯足球赛就要举行了。 这批球员平常养尊处优的，现在是骡子是马得拉出来遛遛了。

A: Shìjièbbi Zúqiúsài jiùyào jjxíng le. B: Zhè pc qiúyuán píngcháng yfngzen-chjydu de, xiànzài shì luózi shì mf dgi la chelai liùliu le. A: The FIFA World Cup is about to be held. B: This group of soccer players normally lives in the lap of luxury, now it’s time to see what they’re worth. Usage: Used singly. Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning.



Entries 229 – 230: 一个鼻孔出气 and 身在曹营心在汉 179 229. 一个鼻孔出气 (一個鼻孔出氣)  yí gè bí king che qì

Translated character by character, 一个鼻孔出气 means ‘one-nostril-out-breath,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to work together, often to dishonest ends.’ Its functional translation is ‘to be hand in glove.’ Example 1: A: B:

她是这么说的。 不要听她的。他们两个一个鼻孔出气。

A: Ta shì zhème shud de. B: Búyào tcng ta de. Tamen lifng gè yígè bíking cheqì. A: That’s what she said. B: Don’t listen to her. The two of them are hand in glove. Example 2: A:

由于历史的关系，在国际舞台上，以色列和美国总是一个鼻孔出 气。

A: Yóuyú lìshh de guanxi, zài guójì wjtái shàng, Yhsèliè hé Mgiguó zingshì yígè bíking cheqì. A: Due to their history, on the international stage, Israel and the US are hand in glove. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

230. 身在曹营心在汉 (身在曹營心在漢)  shbn zài Cáo yíng xcn zài Hàn Translated character by character, 身在曹营心在汉 means ‘body-in-Cao-camp-mindin-Han,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to be physically present but have one’s mind and allegiance elsewhere.’ Its functional translation is ‘to not have one’s heart in something.’ Example 1: A:

有的人工作之外还在网上开个小公司，因此上班的时候也是身在曹 营心在汉，专心工作不了。

A: Yiude rén gdngzuò zhcwài hái zài wfngshàng kai gè xifo gdngsc, ycnch shàngban de shíhòu yg shì shbn zài Cáo yíng xcn zài Hàn, zhuanxcn gdngzuò bùlifo. A: Some people run a small business online outside of work. Because of this, their heart’s not in it when they are in the office and they can’t be focused on their work.

180  Entry 231: 瘦死的骆驼比马大 Example 2:

你怎么又跟以前的女朋友联系？ 她最近有很多麻烦事。 我有一件更大的麻烦事，那就是你。你跟我结婚了，可是身在曹营 心在汉，心还在前任女友那里。 B: 不是，你误解我了。 A: B: A:

A: Nh zgnme yòu gbn yhqián de nrpéngyiu liánxì? B: Ta zuìjìn yiu hgndud máfan shì. A: Wi yiu yí jiàn gèngdà de máfan shì, nà jiùshì nh. Nh gbn wi jiéhen le, kgshì shbn zài Cáo yíng xcn zài Hàn, xcn hái zài qiánrèn nryiu nàlh. B: Búshì, nh wùjig wi le. A: Why did you get back in touch with your ex-girlfriend again? B: She’s been dealing with a lot of tough problems lately. A: I have an even tougher problem. It’s you. You married me but your heart’s not in it. You’re still in love with your ex-girlfriend. B: No, you’ve misunderstood me. Usage: Functions as predicative or predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning. In the final years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, a very capable person, Xu Shu, was a counselor to the future emperor of the Shu Kingdom, Liu Bei. Knowing that Xu Shu was a dutiful son, Liu Bei’s rival, Cao Cao, captured Xu Shu’s mother in order to force him to help Cao Cao. Xu Shu was forced to abandon Liu Bei and go over to Cao Cao’s camp, however, in his heart, he was still loyal to Liu Bei and he never contributed to Cao Cao’s strategy.

231. 瘦死的骆驼比马大 (瘦死的駱駝比馬大)  shòu sh de luòtuo bh mf dà Translated character by character, 瘦死的骆驼比马大 means ‘skinny-die-camelrelative to-horse-bigger,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘a starving camel is still bigger than a horse.’ Example 1: A: B:

那次大地震以后，那个国家的经济就衰落了。 我不这样认为，瘦死的骆驼比马大，它的经济基础很雄厚。

A: Nà cì dàdìzhèn yhhòu, nàgè guójia de jcngjì jiù shuailuò le. B: Wi bú zhèyàng rènwéi, shòu sh de luòtuo bh mf dà, tade jcngjì jcchj hgn xiónghòu. A: After that major earthquake, that country’s economy collapsed. B: I wouldn’t agree; a starving camel is still bigger than a horse. The fundamentals of their economy are sound.



Entry 232: 树欲静而风不止 181

Example 2: A: B:

上笔生意他赔惨了，可是他花钱还跟水儿似的。 瘦死的骆驼比马大，人家拔根汗毛比咱们的腰都粗。

A: Shàng bh shbngyì ta péi cfn le, kgshì ta huaqián hái gbn shuhr shìde. B: Shòu sh de luòtuo bh mf dà, rénjia bá gbn hànmáo bh zánmen de yao ddu ce. A: He got clobbered on his last business deal, but he still spends money like it’s water. B: A starving camel is still bigger than a horse. He’s way wealthier than us. Usage: Usually used singly. Note: Humorous or neutral in meaning.

232. 树欲静而风不止 (樹欲靜而風不止)  shù yù jìng ér fbng bù zhh Translated character by character, 树欲静而风不止 means ‘tree-want-be still-butwind-not-stop,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘for a situation to take its own course regardless of someone’s wishes.’ Example 1: A: B:

哥哥，我们不要再跟他斗下去了，在这样下去会两败俱伤的。 我也知道这个道理，可是树欲静而风不止啊？

A: Gbge, wimen búyào zài gbn ta dòu xiàqù le, zài zhèyàng xiàqù huì lifngbàijùshang de. B: Wi yg zhcdao zhègè dàoli, kgshì shù yù jìng ér fbng bù zhh a! A: Brother, we shouldn’t keep fighting with him. If we continue like this, both sides will suffer. B: I know your reasoning, but this is out of our hands, right? Example 2: A:

只要存在着不同的意识形态，它们之间的斗争就会永远存在下去， 即使一方想罢手也不行，因为树欲静而风不止。

A: Zhhyào cúnzàizhe bùtóng de yìshixíngtài, tamen zhcjian de dòuzhbng jiùhuì yingyufn cúnzài xiàqu, jíshh yìfang xifng bàshiu yg bùxíng, ycnwèi shù yù jìng ér fbng bù zhh. A: So long as there exist different points of view, their conflict will continue forever. Even if one of them wants to give up, they can’t, because it’s taken on a life of its own. Usage: Used singly and mainly in written form. Note: Neutral in meaning.

182  Entries 233 – 234: 丑媳妇早晚也得见公婆 and 胜者王侯败者贼 233. 丑媳妇早晚也得见公婆 (醜媳婦早晚也得見公婆)  chiu xífu zfo wfn yg dgi jiàn gdng pó Translated character by character, 丑媳妇早晚也得见公婆 means ‘ugly-daughter-inlaw-sooner or later-also-must-meet-parents-in-law,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘one is unable to avoid an unpleasant experience forever.’ Example 1: A: B:

书记，我第一次跟这么多大媒体的记者见面，心里有点儿虚。 市长大人，这是你份内的事，再说丑媳妇早晚也得见公婆。别紧 张，必要的时候我会帮你一下。

A: Sheji, wi dì-yc cì gbn zhème dud dà méith de jìzhg jiànmiàn, xcnlh yiudifnr xe. B: Shìzhfng dàrén, zhè shì nh fènnèi de shì, zàishud chiu xífu zfowfn yg dgi jiàn gdngpó. Bié jhnzhang, bìyào de shíhòu wi huì bang nh yíxià. A: Secretary, this will be the first time I’ve met with this many reporters from big media outlets; I’m a little bit nervous. B: Mr. Mayor, these things are in your job description. Moreover, you can’t avoid unpleasant experiences forever. Don’t be nervous. When it’s necessary, I’ll help you. Example 2: A:

在钢琴大赛上，他明知自己弹得还不够完美，但是敢于抛开“丑媳 妇怕见公婆”的心理，大胆地弹了起来。

A: Zài gangqín dàsài shàng, ta míngzhc zìjh tán de hái búgòu wánmgi, dànshì gfnyú paokai “chiu xífu pà jiàn gdngpó” de xcnlh, dàdfn de tánle qhlái. A: At the big piano competition, he knew perfectly well that that he couldn’t play well enough, but he dared to cast aside his mindset of wanting to avoid an unpleasant experience, and played bravely. Usage: Used mainly singly. Variant: 丑媳妇总要见公婆 Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.

234. 胜者王侯败者贼 (勝者王侯敗者賊)  shèng zhg wáng hóu bài zhg zéi Translated character by character, 胜者王侯败者贼 means ‘winner-knight-losertraitor,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘victory absolves all sins and the defeated party is vilified.’ Its functional translation, is ‘history is written by the victors,’ or ‘winning isn’t everything, it’s the only thing.’



Entry 235: 下三烂 183

Example 1:

媒体的焦点全部在胜选的总统候选人身上，而败选的总统候选人已 经没人理了。可是几天前完全不是这个样子。 B: 这没什么。胜者王侯败者贼。败选的总统候选人已经成为历史了， 没有人对历史感兴趣。 A:

A: Méith de jiaodifn quánbù zài shèngxufn de zingting hòuxufnrén shbnshàng, ér bàixufn de zingting hòuxufnrén yhjcng méi rén lh le. Kgshì jh tian qián wánquán búshì zhègè yàngzi. B: Zhè méi shénme. Shèng zhg wánghóu bài zhg zéi. Bàixufn de zingting hòuxufnrén yhjcng chéngwéi lìshh le, méiyiu rén duì lìshh gfn xìngqù. A: All of the media’s attention is focused on the winning presidential candidate and everyone has lost interest in the losing candidate already. But just a few days ago it was entirely different. B: That’s normal. History is written by the victors. The losing candidate is history already and no one’s interested in history. Example 2: A:

这年头，大家都只认结果，没有人在意过程和手段，只要最后赢了 就好。胜者王侯败者贼。

A: Zhè niántou, dàjia ddu zhh rèn jiégui, méiyiu rén zàiyì guòchéng hé shiuduàn, zhhyào zuìhòu yíngle jiù hfo. Shèng zhg wánghóu bài zhg zéi. A: In years like this, everyone is only concerned with the result. Nobody cares about the process or methods, so long as they win in the end. Winning isn’t everything, it’s the only thing. Usage: Used singly. Note: Slightly derogatory or neutral in meaning.

235. 下三烂 (下三濫)  xià san làn Translated character by character, 下三烂 means ‘low-third-chaff,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘having less worth than the chaff left after three siftings of processed grain.’ Its functional translation is ‘low-life,’ or ‘low-down.’ Example 1: A: B:

他绑架了竞争对手的儿子来要挟对方。 这么下三烂的手段他也想得出来！

A: Ta bfngjià le jìngzhbng duìshiu de érzi lái yaoxié duìfang. B: Zhème xiàsanlàn de shiuduàn ta yg xifng de chelái!

184  Entry 236: 上了贼船 A: He kidnapped his opponent’s son to coerce his opponent. B: How did he think of such a low-down trick? Example 2: A:

以后别跟那些下三烂鬼混。

A: Yhhòu bié gbn nàxib xiàsanlàn guhhùn. A: In the future, don’t hang around with those low-lifes. Usage: Functions as attributive or object. Note: Derogatory in meaning.

236. 上了贼船 (上了賊船)  shàng le zéi chuán Translated character by character, 上了贼船 means ‘board-ed-pirate-ship,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to go past the point where one can turn back.’ Its functional translation is ‘to get in too deep,’ or ‘to cross the Rubicon.’ Example 1: A:

你跟他走得那么近，小心上了他的贼船下不来啊。他的名声可不怎 么样啊？

A: Nh gbn ta ziu de nàme jìn, xifoxcn shàngle ta de zéichuán xià bùlái a. Ta de míngshbng kg bùzgnmeyàng a? A: You’ve gotten so close with him. Be careful, once you get in too deep with him, there’s no coming back. He’s got a really bad reputation, huh? Example 2: A: B: A:

完了，我上了贼船了！ 怎么了？ 我把钱投入私募基金了，现在他们赔了，我想把本钱撤出来都不行。

A: Wán le, wi shàngle zéichuán le! B: Zgnme le? A: Wi bf qián tóurù scmù jcjcn le, xiànzài tamen péi le, wi xifng bf bgnqian chè chelái ddu bùxíng. A: That’s it, there’s no turning back now! B: What’s up? A: I’ve put my money into a private equity fund. At this point, even if they make losses and I want to take my money out, I can’t. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Derogatory and humorous in meaning.



Entries 237 – 238: 病急乱投医 and 打如意算盘 185 237. 病急乱投医 (病急亂投醫)  bìng jí luàn tóu yc

Translated character by character, 病急乱投医 means ‘sick-severe-indiscriminateseek-doctor,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘when a situation is desperate, one will try anything.’ Its functional translation is ‘desperate times call for desperate measures,’ or ‘a drowning man will clutch at a straw.’ Example 1: A: B:

求求你帮我一个忙，我的汽车又死火了。 真是病急乱投医。我哪儿会修车啊？哪次不是给修车公司打电话？

A: Qiúqiú nh bang wi yígè máng, wide qìchb yòu shhui le. B: Zhbnshì bìng jí luàn tóu yc. Wi nfr huì xiechb a? Nf cì búshì ggi xiechb gdngsc df diànhuà? A: Please give me a hand. My car broke down again. B: A drowning man really will clutch at a straw. How would I know how to fix a car? I always call a repair company to fix my car. Example 2: A:

那个国家的经济接近崩溃，病急乱投医，只好征收人头税。

A: Nàgè guójia de jcngjì jibjìn bbngkuì, bìng jí luàn tóu yc, zhhhfo zhbngshdu réntóushuì. A: Their country’s economy is nearing collapse. Desperate times call for desperate measures; they’ve just imposed a poll tax! Usage: Functions as predicative or predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

238. 打如意算盘 (打如意算盤)  df rúyì suànpán Translated character by character, 打如意算盘 means ‘play-ideal-abacus,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to expect things to turn out as well as possible.’ Its functional translation is ‘to engage in wishful thinking.’ Example 1: A:

希特勒的计划是德国从西边攻打苏联，日本从东边攻打，德、日在 莫斯科会师。但是他的如意算盘落空了。

A: Xctèlè de jìhuà shì Déguó cóng xcbian gdngdf Selián, Rìbgn cóng ddngbian gdngdf, Dé, Rì zài Mòsckb huìshc. Dànshì ta de rúyì suànpán luòkdng le. A: Hitler’s plan was to have Germany attack the Soviet Union from the West, and Japan attack from the East, with Germany and Japan meeting in Moscow. However, his wishful thinking didn’t come to be.

186  Entry 239: 龙生龙，凤生凤 Example 2: A: B:

她嫁给那个老头就是为了分他的家产。 我可以肯定地说，她的如意算盘打错了。据我所知，老头早就把遗 嘱写好了，财产绝大多数分给了子女。

A: Ta jià ggi nàgè lfotóu jiùshì wèile fbn tade jiachfn. B: Wi kgyh kgndìng de shud, ta de rúyì suànpán df cuò le. Jù wi sui zhc, lfotóu zfo jiù bf yízhj xighfo le, cáichfn juédàdudshù fbn ggi le zhnr. A: She married that geezer in order to share in his estate. B: I can say with certainty, her wishful thinking is misinformed. As far as I know, the old man wrote his will long ago, and he bequeathed the lion’s share of his assets to his children. Usage: Functions mainly as predicate. Note: Neutral in meaning.

239. 龙生龙，凤生凤 (龍生龍，鳳生鳳)  lóng shbng lóng, fèng shbng fèng Translated character by character, 龙生龙，凤生凤 means ‘dragon-give birth todragon, phoenix-give birth to-phoenix,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘a child takes after its parents.’ Its functional translation, is ‘like father like son,’ or ‘like mother like daughter.’ Example 1: A: B:

嘿，你看人家的儿子，北大毕业后直接进了外交部工作。 可以理解，他老爸是北京市长，这叫龙生龙，凤生凤。

A: Hei, nh kàn rénjia de érzi, Bgidà bìyè hòu zhíjib jìnle wàijiaobù gdngzuò. B: Kgyh lhjig, ta lfobà shì Bgijcng shìzhfng, zhè jiào lóng shbng lóng, fèng shbng fèng. A: Hey, look at his son. He went straight into a job at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs after graduating from Peking University. B: That’s understandable. His old man is the mayor of Beijing. That’s what they call ‘like father like son.’ Example 2: A: B:

那个亿万富翁的儿子二十多岁就做几千万美元的生意。 那是人家基因好，龙生龙，凤生凤。

A: Nàgè yìwàn fùwbng de érzi èrshí dud suì jiù zuò jh qian wàn mgiyuán de shbngyì. B: Nà shì rénjia jcycn hfo, lóng shbng lóng, fèng shbng fèng.



Entry 240: 不看僧面看佛面 187

A: That billionaire’s son got a multimillion dollar contract in his twenties. B: That’s because he has good genes. Like father like son. Usage: Used singly. Note: Complimentary in meaning. 240. 不看僧面看佛面 (不看僧面看佛面)  bú kàn sbng miàn kàn fó miàn Translated character by character, 不看僧面看佛面 means ‘not-consider-monk-faceconsider-Buddha-face,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to do something out of respect for a higher authority.’ Its functional translation is ‘for someone’s sake.’ Example 1: A: B:

我一定要处分他。 老丁，还是算了吧。我们的老领导都出面说情了，不看僧面看佛 面，这次就放过他吧。

A: Wi yídìng yào chjfèn ta. B: Lfo Dcng, háishì suànle ba. Wimen de lfo lhngdfo ddu chemiàn shudqíng le, bú kàn sbng miàn kàn fó miàn, zhècì jiù fàngguò ta ba. A: I definitely want to punish him. B: Old Ding, you should forget about it. Our ex-leader has already personally explained the situation. For our ex-leader’s sake, let it go this time. Example 2: A: B:

钱市长，你家的公子在外面打着你的旗号可没少干好事啊！ 牛书记，我家教不严，应该好好反思。但是以前的事，请你不看僧 面看佛面，给我点儿面子。

A: Qián shìzhfng, nh jia de gdngzi zài wàimiàn dfzhe nhde qíhào kg méi shfo gàn hfoshì a! B: Niú shejì, wi jiajiào bù yán, ycnggai hfohao ffnsc. Dànshì yhqián de shì, qhng nh bú kàn sbng miàn kàn fó miàn, ggi wi difnr miànzi. A: Mayor Qian, your son has been using your good name to do many bad things. B: Secretary Niu, I should reflect carefully on my lax parenting, but for what happened before, please forgive him for my sake and give me a little face. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Neutral in meaning.

188  Entries 241 – 242: 雷声大、雨点小 and 脸红脖子粗 241. 雷声大、雨点小 (雷聲大、雨點小)  léi shbng dà, yj difn xifo Translated character by character, 雷声大、雨点小 means ‘thunder-sound-loud, rain-drop-small,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘someone doesn’t make good on their promises or threats.’ Its functional translation is ‘all talk, no action.’ Example 1: A: B:

他又信誓旦旦地说明年有什么宏伟的计划了。 他总是雷声大、雨点小。他最近十年的计划没做成一两件。

A: Ta yòu xìnshì-dàndàn de shud míngnián yiu shénme hóngwgi de jìhuà le. B: Ta zingshì léishbng dà, yjdifn xifo. Ta zuìjìn shí nián de jìhuà méi zuòchéng yì lifng jiàn. A: He once again solemnly said that he had magnificent plans for next year. B: He’s always all talk and no action. He’s barely accomplished one or two of his plans from the last ten years. Example 2: A:

国家三令五申要严厉打击领导干部任人唯亲的现象，但结果是雷声 大、雨点小，腐败现象越来越严重了。

A: Guójia sanlìng-wjshbn yào yánlì dfjc lhngdfo gànbù rènrén-wéiqcn de xiànxiàng, dàn jiégui shì léishbng dà, yjdifn xifo, fjbài xiànxiàng yuèláiyuè yánzhòng le. A: The nation has repeatedly warned that we must take strong measures against the phenomenon of our leaders and cadres engaging in nepotism, but it’s all talk, no action. The corruption is getting worse and worse. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

242. 脸红脖子粗 (臉紅脖子粗)  lifn hóng bózi ce Translated character by character, 脸红脖子粗 means ‘face-red-neck-flared,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to be extremely angry or agitated.’ Its functional translation is ‘to be red in the face,’ or ‘flushed with excitement or agitation.’ Example 1: A:

因为一点小事，两个人争得脸红脖子粗。

A: Ycnwèi yìdifn xifoshì, lifng gè rén zhbng de lifn hóng bózi ce. A: Because of a little trifle, two people fought until they were red in the face.



Entry 243: 一棍子打死 189

Example 2: A:

他很尴尬，于是脸红脖子粗地嚷道，“关你什么事！

A: Ta hgn gangà, yú shì lifn hóng bózi ce de rfng dào, “guan nh shénme shì!” A: He was really embarrassed so, flushed with anger, he yelled, “It’s none of your business!” Usage: Functions as complement, adverbial or predicate. Note: Neutral in meaning.

243. 一棍子打死 (一棍子打死)  yí gùnzi df sh Translated character by character, 一棍子打死 means ‘one-stick-beat-dead,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to completely discount something with some redeeming value due to a small flaw.’ Its functional translation is ‘to throw the baby out with the bathwater.’ Example 1: A: B: A: B:

他这个人完全不能用。 为什么？ 他喜欢喝酒，容易误事。 他喜欢喝酒是喜欢喝酒，但是我们也不能一棍子把他打死。他的业 务能力很强，这也是众所周知的。

A: Ta zhègè rén wánquán bùnéng yòng. B: Wèishénme? A: Ta xhhuan hbjij, róngyì wùshì. B: Ta xhhuan hbjij shì xhhuan hbjij, dànshì wimen yg bùnéng yí gùnzi bf ta df sh. Ta de yèwù nénglì hgn qiáng, zhè yg shì zhòngsui-zhduzhc de. A: You absolutely can’t use that person. B: Why? A: He likes to drink; he’s apt to hold things up. B: So, he likes to drink, but we can’t throw the baby out with the bathwater. His vocational competency is very strong; everyone knows that. Example 2: A:

这篇报告里的确有一、两处数据不准确，但是我们不能一棍子打 死，报告还是有不少有价值的分析的。

A: Zhè pian bàogào lh díquè yiu yc-lifng chù shùjù bù zhjnquè, dànshì wimen bùnéng yí gùnzi df sh, bàogào háishì yiu bùshfo yiu jiàzhí de fbnxc de.

190  Entry 244: 拿鸡蛋碰石头 A: This report definitely has one or two inaccurate statistics in it, but we can’t throw the baby out with the bathwater. The report still has a good deal of valuable analysis. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Derogatory in meaning.

244. 拿鸡蛋碰石头 (拿雞蛋碰石頭)  ná jcdàn pèng shítou Translated character by character, 拿鸡蛋碰石头 means ‘use-chicken-egg-hit-stone,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to court destruction.’ Its functional translation is ‘to pick a losing battle.’ Example 1: A: B:

他要挑战世界拳击协会重量级冠军。 虽然他这两年进步很大，但是要挑战拳王还是拿鸡蛋碰石头。

A: Ta yào tifozhàn Shìjiè Quánjc Xiéhuì zhòngliàngjí guànjen. B: Sucrán ta zhè lifng nián jìnbù hgn dà, dànshì yào tifozhàn quánwáng háishì ná jcdàn pèng shítou. A: He wants to challenge the World Boxing Association heavyweight champion. B: Although he has made great strides in the last two years, if he challenges the champion, he’ll be picking a losing battle. Example 2: A: B:

我要跟他打官司。 忍了吧，怎么打也打不赢啊！他有权有势，你拿着鸡蛋碰石头，输 定了。

A: Wi yào gbn ta df guansi. B: Rgnle ba, zgnme df yg df bù yíng a! Ta yiuquán-yiushì, nh ná zhe jcdàn pèng shítou, she dìng le. A: I want to sue him. B: Forget it, you’ll never win. He’s got power and influence. You’re picking a losing battle. You’ll lose for sure. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Neutral or slightly derogatory in meaning.



Entries 245 – 246: 没有不透风的墙 and 人怕出名猪怕壮 191 245. 没有不透风的墙 (沒有不透風的墻)  méiyiu bú tòu fbng de qiáng

Translated character by character, 没有不透风的墙 means ‘not-exist-impermeablewall,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘secrets will always come out.’ Its functional translation is ‘two may keep counsel, putting one away.’ Example 1: A: B:

她怎么知道这件事了？ 没有不透风的墙，你想那么多人都知道了，她怎么会不知道？

A: Ta zgnme zhcdao zhè jiàn shì le? B: Méiyiu bú tòu fbng de qiáng, nh xifng nàme dud rén ddu zhcdao le, ta zgnme huì bù zhcdao? A: How does she know about that? B: Two may keep counsel, putting one away. Just think, if that many people know already, how could she not know? Example 2: A: B:

两家公司的背后交易被媒体曝光了。 没有不透风的墙，当时有四、五个人知道内幕。

A: Lifng jia gdngsc de bèihòu jiaoyì bèi méith bàoguang le. B: Méiyiu bú tòu fbng de qiáng, dangshí yiu sì-wj gè rén zhcdao nèimù. A: The media exposed the under-the-table dealings between the two companies. B: Two may keep counsel, putting one away. At the time there were maybe five or six people who knew the inner workings. Usage: Used singly. Note: Neutral in meaning.

246. 人怕出名猪怕壮 (人怕出名豬怕壯)  rén pà che míng zhe pà zhuàng Translated character by character, 人怕出名猪怕壮 means ‘person-fear-becomefamous-pig-fear-fat,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘famous people are liable to greater scrutiny and attack.’ Its functional translation is ‘fame can be a double-edged sword.’ Example 1: A: B:

你怎么极少接受记者采访啊？ 你以为那全是好事啊？人怕出名猪怕壮，出了名以后，妒嫉、谣言 什么的都来了。

192  Entry 247: 山中无老虎，猴子称大王 A: Nh zgnme jí shfo jibshòu jìzhg cfiffng a? B: Nh yhwéi nà quán shì hfoshì a? Rén pà chemíng zhe pà zhuàng, chele míng yhhòu, dùjí, yáoyán shénme de ddu lái le. A: Why do you so seldom accept interviews with reporters? B: You think it’s all good? Fame can be a double-edged sword. Once you’re famous, the jealousy, rumors, and everything else start. Example 2: A: B:

他去年高调嫁女儿，两公里长的车队都是奔驰级别以上的。 结果怎么样？现在因为偷税漏税进了监狱了吧？人怕出名猪怕壮， 为人还是得低调点儿。

A: Ta qùnián gaodiào jià nr’ér, lifng gdnglh cháng de chbduì ddu shì Bbnchí jíbié yhshàng de. B: Jiégui zgnmeyàng? Xiànzài ycnwèi tdushuì lòushuì jìnle jianyù le ba? Rén pà chemíng zhe pà zhuàng, wéirén háishì dgi dcdiào difnr. A: He very publicly married off his daughter last year. The two-kilometer-long line of cars were all at least Mercedes-Benzes. B: What happened? Has he now been jailed for evading taxes? Fame is a doubleedged sword. People should be a little lower key. Usage: Used singly. Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning.

247. 山中无老虎，猴子称大王 (山中無老虎，

猴子稱大王)  shan zhdng wú lfo hj, hóuzi chbng dà wáng Translated character by character, 山中无老虎，猴子称大王 means ‘mountain-onno-tiger, monkey-claim-king,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘when the top tier is not present, the second tier rules according to their whim.’ Its functional translation is ‘when the cat’s away, the mice will play.’ Example 1: A: B:

他居然赢了法国网球公开赛冠军。 这次他太幸运了。世界前四名选手都因伤退出，山中无老虎，猴子 称大王，他就得了冠军。

A: Ta jerán yíngle Ffguó Wfngqiú Gdngkaisài guànjen. B: Zhècì ta tài xìngyùn le. Shìjiè qián sì míng xufnshiu ddu ycn shang tuìche, shan zhdng wú lfohj, hóuzi chbng dà wáng, ta jiù déle guànjen. A: He surprisingly won the French Open. B: He was very lucky this time. The top four players in the world withdrew due to injuries. When the cat’s away, the mice will play. That’s how he won the championship.



Entry 248: 杀鸡焉用宰牛刀 193

Example 2: A: B: A:

我出差才一个星期，公司怎么看起来乱七八糟的？ 我们都是按照李副主任的命令来做的。 啊……！山中无老虎，猴子称大王，李副主任的胆子可真不小！

A: Wi chechai cái yígè xcngqc, gdngsc zgnme kànqhlái luànqc-bazao de? B: Wimen ddu shì ànzhào Lh fù zhjrèn de mìnglìng lái zuò de. A: À ……! Shan zhdng wú lfohj, hóuzi chbng dà wáng, Lh fù zhjrèn de dfnzi kg zhbn bù xifo! A: I’ve only been abroad on business for a week; how does the company seem to be such a mess? B: We all did everything according to vice-director Li’s orders. A: Oh! When the cat’s away the mice will play. Vice-director Li’s really got guts! Usage: Used singly. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

248. 杀鸡焉用宰牛刀 (殺雞焉用宰牛刀)  sha jc yan yòng zfi niú dao Translated character by character, 杀鸡焉用宰牛刀 means ‘kill-chicken-not-needslaughter-cow-knife,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘there’s no need to go to town over a small issue.’ Its functional translation is ‘you don’t need a sledgehammer to crack a nut.’ Example 1: A: B:

这件事是不是需要我亲自去处理啊？ 老板，杀鸡焉用宰牛刀。您放心，一个星期之内一定给您摆平。

A: Zhè jiàn shì shìbúshì xeyào wi qcnzì qù chjlh a? B: Lfobfn, sha jc yan yòng zfi niú dao. Nín fàngxcn, yígè xcngqc zhcnèi yídìng ggi nín bfipíng. A: Is this an issue that I need to deal with personally? B: Boss, you don’t need a sledgehammer to crack a nut. Relax, I’ll have it taken care of for you within a week. Example 2: A:

对手那么烂，怎么主教练派上了全部主力球员？这不是杀鸡用牛刀 嘛。

A: Duìshiu nàme làn, zgnme zhjjiàoliàn pàishàngle quánbù zhjlì zhènróng? Zhè búshì sha jc yòng niú dao ma.

194  Entry 249: 大树底下好乘凉 A: Our opponent is so bad, why did the head coach send his starting line? Isn’t that using a sledgehammer to crack a nut? Usage: Used singly. Variants: 杀鸡用牛刀; 杀鸡焉用牛刀 Note: Humorous or neutral in meaning.

249. 大树底下好乘凉 (大樹底下好乘涼)  dà shù dhxia hfo chéngliáng Translated character by character, 大树底下好乘凉 means ‘big-tree-under-easy-getshade,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘benefits accrue to those close to influential people.’ Its functional translation is ‘follow closely behind heavy-laden wagons.’ Example 1: A: B:

在中国，为什么那么多大学生毕业以后想到政府里去工作？ 大树底下好乘凉，工资高、福利好、有实惠，还不用担心失业。

A: Zài Zhdngguó wèishénme nàme dud dàxuéshbng bìyè yhhòu xifng dào zhèngfj lh qù gdngzuò? B: Dà shù dhxia hfo chéngliáng, gdngzc gao, fúlì hfo, yiu shíhui, hái búyòng danxcn shcyè. A: In China, why do so many college students want to work in government after they graduate? B: Follow closely behind heavy-laden wagons. The salary is high, the benefits are good, there’s material benefit, and you don’t have to worry about losing your job. Example 2: A:

很多人想申请攻读那位诺贝尔化学奖得主的博士学位，目的无非是 大树底下好乘凉，将来发论文、评职称、申请项目容易一些。

A: Hgndud rén xifng shbnqhng gdngdú nà wèi Nuòbèi’gr Huàxuéjifng dézhj de bóshì xuéwèi, mùdì wúfbi shì dà shù dhxia hfo chéngliáng, jianglái fa lùnwén, píng zhíchbng, shbnqhng xiàngmù róngyi yìxib. A: A lot of people want to apply to study for a doctorate with that Nobel Laureate in Chemistry. Their goal is simply to follow closely behind heavy-laden wagons. After­ wards, it will be easier to publish papers, get academic titles, and apply for grants. Usage: Used singly. Variant: 大树下面好乘凉 Note: Humorous or neutral in meaning.



Entries 250 – 251: 跑龙套 and 七大姑，八大姨 195 250. 跑龙套 (跑龍套)  pfo lóng tào

Translated character by character, 跑龙套 means ‘play-insignificant-role,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘one who does various insignificant tasks for someone.’ Its functional translation is ‘to be a small player,’ or ‘act as a utility man.’ Example 1: A: B:

你在这件事上起了很大的作用。 哪儿啊！我就是个跑龙套的。

A: Nh zài zhè jiàn shì shàng qhle hgndà de zuòyòng. B: Nfr a! Wi jiù shì gè pfolóngtào de. A: You had a big effect on this issue. B: No, I didn’t. I’m just a small player. Example 2: A: B:

他能帮多大的忙？ 我觉得帮不了多大的忙。他也就是个跑龙套的，说话不算数。

A: Ta néng bang duddà de máng? B: Wi juéde bang bùlifo duddà de máng. Ta yg jiùshì gè pfolóngtào de, shudhuà bú suànshù. A: How much of a help can he be? B: Not too much, I think. He’s only a utility man; his word doesn’t carry any weight. Usage: Functions as predicate or used in the structure ‘是(一)个~的.’ Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.

251. 七大姑，八大姨 (七大姑，八大姨)  qc dà ge, ba dà yí Translated character by character, 七大姑，八大姨 means ‘seven-paternal aunts, eight-maternal aunts,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘extremely distant relatives.’ Example 1: A:

他当上市长以后，把七大姑，八大姨都安排进了市政府工作。

A: Ta dangshàng shìzhfng yhhòu, bf qc dà ge, ba dà yí ddu anpái jìnle shìzhèngfj gdngzuò. A: After he became mayor, he arranged for all of his distant relatives to work in the municipal government.

196  Entry 252: 一是一，二是二 Example 2: A:

从我赚钱以后，七大姑，八大姨都找上门来了，说白了，都是借钱 来了。这不，又冒出来一个二舅，我根本没见过。

A: Cóng wi zuànqián yhhòu, qc dà ge, ba dà yí ddu zhfoshàng mén lái le, shud bái le, ddushì jièqián lái le. Zhè bú, yòu mào chelái yígè èr jiù, wi gbnbgn méi jiànguò. A: After I made my money, all of my distant relatives came to my house. To be honest, they all came to borrow money. You see, even my mother’s second oldest brother came out of the woodwork. I’d really never even met him. Usage: Functions as object or subject. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

252. 一是一，二是二 (一是一，二是二)  yc shì yc, èr shì èr Translated character by character, 一是一, 二是二 means ‘one-is-one, two-is-two,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to call things as they are,’ or ‘to do something how it should be done.’ Its functional translation is ‘to call a spade a spade.’ Example 1: A: （父亲对孩子）你在那家公司里明明只实习了两个星期，但你的简历

上为什么写一个月？ B: 这个…… A: 不能这样，做人得诚实，一是一，二是二。 A: (fùqcn duì háizi) Nh zài nà jia gdngsc lh míngmíng zhh shíxí le lifng gè xcngqc, dàn nhde jifnlì shàng wèishénme xig yígè yuè? B: Zhè gè …… A: Bùnéng zhèyàng, zuòrén dgi chéngshi, yc shì yc, èr shì èr. A: (Father to his child) You’ve only interned at that company for two weeks, so why did you write you worked there for a month on your resume? B: Well  .  .  . A: You can’t do that. Let’s call a spade a spade. You have to be an honest person. Example 2:

市长光临我们小店我们感到非常荣幸，因此我们很高兴地把您选购 的东西免费送给您。 B: 这样怎么能行？工作的时候我是市长，但是下班以后在超市购物， 我就是普通消费者，咱们一是一，二是二。你的好意我心领了。

A:



Entry 253: 多个朋友多条路 197

A: Shìzhfng guanglín wimen xifo diàn wimen gfndào fbicháng róngxìng, ycnch wimen hgn gaoxìng de bf nín xufngòu de ddngxi mifnfèi sòngggi nín. B: Zhèyàng zgnme néng xíng? Gdngzuò de shíhòu wi shì shìzhfng, dànshì xiàban yhhòu zài chaoshì gòuwù, wi jiùshì pjtdng xiaofèizhg, zánmen yc shì yc, èr shì èr. Nhde hfoyì wi xcnlhng le. A: We feel extremely honored to have the mayor visit our humble store, so we’ll happily give you whatever you choose at no charge. B: Don’t do that. When I’m working I’m the mayor but, let’s call a spade a spade. When I’m off work, buying things at the supermarket, I’m just a normal consumer. Your kindness is appreciated. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Neutral in meaning.

253. 多个朋友多条路 (多個朋友多條路)  dud gè péngyou dud tiáo lù Translated character by character, 多个朋友多条路 means ‘add-one-friend-createone-path.’ Its functional translation is ‘the more friends you have, the more options you have in life.’ Example 1:

老田，我有一个在电视台工作的朋友今天晚上过来，到时候你也 来，咱们三个聊聊。 B: 算了吧，我跟他又不认识。 A: 一回生，二回熟嘛。再说，多个朋友多条路，认识一下有什么不 好？ A:

A: Lfo Tián, wi yiu yígè zài diànshìtái gdngzuò de péngyou jcntian wfnshang guòlai, dào shíhòu nh yg lái, zánmen san gè liáoliao. B: Suànle ba, wi gbn ta yòu bú rènshi. A: Yì huí shbng, èr huí shú ma. Zàishud, dud gè péngyou dud tiáo lù, rènshí yíxià yiu shénme bùhfo? A: Old Tian, I have a friend who works at the TV station who’s coming over tonight. You should come too. The three of us can talk. B: Nah, I don’t know him. A: A stranger is just a friend you haven’t met yet. That’s to say, the more friends you have, the more options life offers. What do you stand to lose from meeting him quickly?

198  Entries 254 – 255: 下台阶 and 打小算盘 Example 2: A:

做生意的人非常重视交际面，因为多个朋友多条路。

A: Zuò shbngyì de rén fbicháng zhòngshì jiaojìmiàn, ycnwèi dud gè péngyou dud tiáo lù. A: People in business put extreme emphasis on networking, because the more friends you have, the more options life offers. Usage: Used singly. Note: Neutral in meaning.

254. 下台阶 (下臺階)  xià tái jib Translated character by character, 下台阶 means ‘go down-step,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to get out of an embarrassing predicament.’ Its functional translation is ‘to give someone an out.’ Example 1: A: B:

她很会做人。 是啊，即使别人错了，她也总是能让别人下台阶。

A: Ta hgn huì zuòrén. B: Shì a, jíshh biérén cuò le, ta yg zingshì néng ràng biérén xiàtáijib. A: She’s really good with people. B: Yeah, even if other people are wrong, she’s always able to give them an out. Example 2: A:

你说话太直了，即使你全对，你也得让对方下得了台阶啊。

A: Nh shudhuà tài zhí le, jíshh nh quán duì, nh yg dgi ràng duìfang xiàdelifo táijib a. A: You speak too directly. Even if you’re completely right, you have to allow the other person an out. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Neutral in meaning.

255. 打小算盘 (打小算盤)  df xifo suànpán Translated character by character, 打小算盘 means ‘use-small-abacus,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to act in one’s own self-interest.’



Entry 256: 坐山观虎斗 199

Example 1:

昨天说得好好的，今天大家都反对主任的提议。 可是该他发言的时 候他却支支吾吾。 B: 他啊，在打自己的小算盘，怕惹了主任。 A:

A: Zuótian shud de hfohao de, jcntian dàjia ddu ffnduì zhjrèn de tíyì. Kgshì gai ta fayán de shíhòu ta què zhczhcwewe. B: Ta a, zài df zìjh de xifosuànpán, pà rgle zhjrèn. A: It was talked out yesterday; everyone was going to oppose the chairman’s proposal today. But when it was his turn to speak, he pussyfooted around it. B: Him? He’s acting out of self-interest. He’s afraid to piss off the director. Example 2: A:

那个大城市的女人精得很，很会打小算盘，从来不肯吃一点儿亏。

A: Nàgè dà chéngshì de nrrén jcng de hgn, hgn huì df xifosuànpán, cónglái bùkgn chc yìdifnr kuc. A: The women from that big city are extremely shrewd. They’re very calculating, never willing to take a loss. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

256. 坐山观虎斗 (坐山觀虎鬥)  zuò shan guan hj dòu Translated character by character, 坐山观虎斗 means ‘sit-mountain-watch-tiger-fight,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to refrain from entering a dispute and instead wait until both sides are exhausted to take what one wants.’ Its functional translation is ‘to sit this one out and reap the spoils later.’ Example 1: A: B:

我们的两个竞争对手现在正打官司呢。 让他们打吧，我们坐山观虎斗。

A: Wimen de lifng gè jìngzhbng duìshiu xiànzài zhèng df guansc ne. B: Ràng tamen df ba, wimen zuò shan guan hj dòu. A: Our two competitors are currently in litigation. B: Let them fight. We’ll sit this one out and reap the spoils later. Example 2: A: B:

你说我们该帮哪一方呢？ 哪一方也不帮，我们坐山观虎斗。等双方两败俱伤了，我们就坐收 渔利。

200  Entry 257: 羊毛出在羊身上 A: Nh shud wimen gai bang nf yì fang ne? B: Nf yì fang yg bù bang, wimen zuò shan guan hj dòu. Dgng shuangfang lifngbài-jùshang le, wimen jiù zuòshdu-yúlì. A: Which side should we help? B: Neither. We’ll sit this one out. Once both sides have been hobbled, we’ll reap the spoils. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Neutral in meaning.

257. 羊毛出在羊身上 (羊毛出在羊身上)  yáng máo che zài yáng shbnshang Translated character by character, 羊毛出在羊身上 means ‘wool-come-from-sheepbody,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘even if you receive something for free, you are paying for it in some way.’ Its functional translation is ‘there’s no such thing as a free lunch.’ Example 1: A: B:

喔，我们退休后的福利增加了百分之三。 有什么高兴的？羊毛出在羊身上，没看见我们的退休年龄增长了两 岁吗？

A: Wò, wimen tuìxie hòu de fúlì zbngjiale bfi fbn zhc san. B: Yiu shénme gaoxìng de? Yángmáo che zài yáng shbnshang, méi kànjiàn wimen de tuìxie niánlíng zbngzhfngle lifng suì ma? A: Wow, our retirement benefits increased by 3 percent. B: What’s there to be happy about? There’s no such thing as a free lunch. Didn’t you see that our retirement age increased by two years? Example 2: A: B:

这个小区的房子真好，买一套房免费送一个车库！ 羊毛出在羊身上，开发商不傻，肯定会在其他方面找回来。

A: Zhègè xifoqe de fángzi zhbn hfo, mfi yí tào fáng mifnfèi sòng yígè chbkù! B: Yángmáo che zài yáng shbnshang, kaifashang bù shf, kgndìng huì zài qíta fangmiàn zhfo huílai. A: This community’s houses are great. If you buy a house you get a garage for free! B: There’s no such thing as a free lunch. The developers aren’t stupid. You can be sure they’ll find another way to make that money back. Usage: Used singly.



Entries 258 – 259: 一口吃成个胖子 and 屋漏偏逢连阴雨 201

Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning.

258. 一口吃成个胖子 (一口吃成個胖子)  yì kiu chc chéng gè pàngzi Translated character by character, 一口吃成个胖子 means ‘one-mouth-eat-into-afat-person,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to get what one wants instantly.’ Its functional translation is ‘to wave a magic wand and get what one wants.’ Example 1: A: B:

我的进步怎么那么小呢? 别想一口吃成个胖子，啥事慢慢儿来。

A: Wide jìnbù zgnme nàme xifo ne? B: Bié xifng yì kiu chc chéng gè pàngzi, shá shì mànmanr lái. A: How have I improved so little? B: Don’t think you can wave a magic wand and be perfect. Some things take time. Example 2:

我们要一年一小步，三年一大步，十年一飞跃，超过所有的竞争对 手。 B: [对C小声说] 又说胡话呢，一口吃不成个胖子。 A:

A: Wimen yào yì nián yì xifo bù, san nián yí dà bù, shí nián yì fbiyuè, chaoguò suiyiu de jìngzhbng duìshiu. B: [duì C xifoshbng shud] Yòu húshud ne, yì kiu chc bù chéng gè pàngzi. A: We need to take, in one year, a small step; in three years, one big step; in ten years, one flying leap; to surpass all of our competitors. B: [whispering to C] He’s spewing crap again. You can’t just wave a magic wand. Usage: Functions as predicate or used singly. Note: Neutral in meaning. The negative form ‘一口吃不成胖子’ is often seen too.

259. 屋漏偏逢连阴雨 (屋漏偏逢連陰雨)  we lòu pian féng lián ycn yj Translated character by character, 屋漏偏逢连阴雨 means ‘room-leak-just-run-inconsecutive-rainy-days,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘when bad things happen, many bad things happen concurrently.’ Its functional translation is ‘when it rains, it pours.’

202  Entry 260: 老油条 Example 1: A:

他最近可真可怜。上个月丢了工作，这个月老婆跟他离婚了，屋漏 偏逢连阴雨，昨天他爸又死了。

A: Ta zuìjìn kg zhbn kglián. Shàng gè yuè diele gdngzuò, zhègè yuè lfopo gbn ta líhen le, we lòu pian féng lián ycn yj, zuótian ta bà yòu sh le. A: He’s been really pitiful lately. He lost his job last month and his wife divorced him this month. When it rains, it pours. His father died yesterday as well. Example 2: A:

那家公司最近订单大减，资金周转出现问题，可是屋漏偏逢连阴 雨，政府刚出台的政策严格限制贷款。

A: Nà jia gdngsc zuìjìn dìngdan dà jifn, zcjcn zhduzhufn chexiàn wèntí, kgshì we lòu pian féng lián ycn yj, zhèngfj gang chetái de zhèngcè yángé xiànzhì dàikufn. A: That company’s backlog has recently shrunk drastically and it has run into issues with capital turnover, but when it rains, it pours; the policy that the government just unveiled seriously restricts loans. Usage: Used singly. Variant: 屋漏偏逢连夜雨 Note: Neutral in meaning.

260. 老油条 (老油條)  lfo yóu tiáo Translated character by character, 老油条 means ‘old-deep fried-dough stick,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘one who has learned to be sly.’ Its functional translation is ‘a slippery one,’ or ‘wily old fox.’ Example 1: A: B:

他说要为这次事故负全部责任。 别听他的，他是官场上的老油条。不信你就看着，过不了几天他就 会推出一个替罪羊。

A: Ta shud yào wèi zhècì shìgù fù quánbù zérèn. B: Bié tcng ta de, ta shì guanchfng shàng de lfoyóutiáo. Bú xìn nh jiù kàn zhe, guòbùlifo jh tian ta jiù huì tuc che yígè tìzuìyáng. A: He says he will take full responsibility for this accident. B: Don’t listen to him. He’s the wily old fox of officialdom. If you don’t believe me, just watch. In a few days, he’s going to push out a scapegoat.



Entry 261: 捅马蜂窝 203

Example 2: A:

跟他打交道要格外小心，他是个老油条，很难对付。

A: Gbn ta dfjiaodào yào géwài xifoxcn, ta shì gè lfoyóutiáo, hgn nán duìfu. A: You should take care when interacting with him. He’s a slippery one, hard to deal with. Usage: Functions mainly as predicative. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

261. 捅马蜂窝 (捅馬蜂窩)  ting mffbng wd Translated character by character, 捅马蜂窝 means ‘poke-hornet-nest,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to create a lot of trouble.’ Its functional translation is ‘to stir up a hornet’s nest.’ Example 1: A:

他在演讲的时候说有一些女性工作时不太专心，总想着孩子的事。 这句话捅了马蜂窝。他的演讲当时就被抗议声和指责声打断。

A: Ta zài yfnjifng de shíhòu shud yiu yìxib nrxìng gdngzuò shí bú tài zhuanxcn, zing xifngzhe háizi de shì. Zhè jù huà tingle mffbngwd. Ta de yfnjifng dangshí jiù bèi kàngyì shbng hé zhhzé shbng dfduàn. A: While giving a speech, he said that there were a few women who weren’t very focused on their work, always thinking about their children. These words stirred up a hornet’s nest. At that time, his speech was broken up by the sound of protests and criticism. Example 2:

咱们公司员工的效率低。我想引进竞争机制，考核垫底的人被淘 汰。 B: 你别去捅这个马蜂窝。咱们的员工被惯坏了，如果你想淘汰他们， 我看啊，他们没被淘汰前，你先给淘汰了。

A:

A: Zánmen gdngsc yuángdng de xiàolq dc. Wi xifng yhnjìn jìngzhbng jczhì, kfohé diàndh de rén bèi táotài. B: Nh bié qù ting zhègè mffbng wd. Zánmen de yuángdng bèi guànhuài le, rúgui nh xifng táotài tamen, wi kàn a, tamen méi bèi táotài qián, nh xian ggi táotài le. A: Our company’s employees are inefficient. I want to recommend a system of competition, where the person with the worst evaluation is eliminated. B: Don’t stir up this hornet’s nest. Our employees have been spoiled. If you want to eliminate them, my opinion is that you will be eliminated before they are gone.

204  Entries 262 – 263: 小意思 and 倒打一耙 Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Neutral in meaning.

262. 小意思 (小意思)  xifo yìsi Translated character by character, 小意思 means ‘little-significance,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘a small gift,’ or ‘something easy or unimportant.’ Its functional translation is ‘a token,’ or ‘not a big deal.’ Example 1: A: B:

你能借给我一万块钱吗？我现在急需钱。 一万块？小意思。现在就给你。

A: Nh néng jiè ggi wi yí wàn kuài qián ma? Wi xiànzài jíxe qián. B: Yí wàn kuài? Xifoyìsi. Xiànzài jiù ggi nh. A: Can you lend me 10,000 RMB? I urgently need money right now. B: 10,000 RMB? No big deal. I’ll give it to you right now. Example 2: A: （送给B很贵的酒。 ） B: 你这是做什么？ A: 这是一点小意思，请您收下。 A: (sòngggi B hgn guì de jij.) B: Nh zhè shì zuò shénme? A: Zhè shì yìdifn xifoyìsi, qhng nín shduxià. A: (giving B expensive wine) B: What are you doing? A: This is just a small gift. Please accept it. Usage: Functions as predicative or object. Note: Neutral in meaning.

263. 倒打一耙 (倒打一耙)  dào df yì pá Translated character by character, 倒打一耙 means ‘reverse-hit-one-rake,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to make unsupported accusations of someone.’ Its functional translation is ‘to play the blame game.’



Entry 264: 陈芝麻、烂谷子 205

Example 1: A: B:

听说你撞人了？ 哪儿啊？分明是他撞了我的车，他却倒打一耙，说我撞了他。

A: Tcngshud nh zhuàng rén le? B: Nfr a? Fbnmíng shì ta zhuàngle wide chb, ta què dào df yì pá, shud wi zhuàngle ta. A: I heard you hit someone? B: What? Clearly it was him that hit my car. He’s playing the blame game, saying I hit him. Example 2: A:

S公司剽窃了A公司的专利，S公司不但不承认，反而倒打一耙，起诉 A公司剽窃。

A: S gdngsc piaoqiè le A gdngsc de zhuanlì, S gdngsc búdàn bù chéngrèn, ffn’ér dào df yì pá, qhsù A gdngsc piaoqiè. A: Company S infringed on company A’s patent, but not only is company S not admitting to it, they’re playing the blame game, suing company A for infringement. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

264. 陈芝麻、烂谷子 (陳芝蔴、爛穀子)  chén zhcma, làn gjzi Translated character by character, 陈芝麻、烂谷子 means ‘stale-sesame-seed, rottenbarley,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘mundane, overhashed topics.’ Its functional translation is ‘idle chatter.’ Example 1: A: B:

咱们上大学第一年，你跟我借…… 有完没完？那点儿陈芝麻、烂谷子的事说多少回了？

A: Zánmen shàng dàxué dì-yc nián, nh gbn wi jiè...... B: Yiu wán méi wán? Nà difnr chén zhcma làn gjzi de shì shud dudshao huí le? A: In our freshman year of college, you borrowed my  .  .  . B: Shut up! How many times have you repeated that piece of idle chatter? Example 2: A: B:

那位大明星小时候姓黄，不是现在的姓。还有，她小时候是单眼皮。 够了，别跟我提这种陈芝麻、烂谷子，我没兴趣。

206  Entry 265: 一条龙 A: Nà wèi dà míngxcng xifoshíhou xìng Huáng, búshì xiànzài de xìng. Háiyiu, ta xifoshíhou shì danyfnpí. B: Gòu le, bié gbn wi tí zhè zhing chén zhcma làn gjzi, wi méi xìngqù. A: When that movie star was younger, her surname was Huang, which isn’t her current surname. Also, when she was younger, she had single-fold eyelids. B: Enough! Don’t bring up this sort of idle chatter with me. I’m not interested. Usage: Functions as object. Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning.

265. 一条龙 (一條龍)  yì tiáo lóng Translated character by character, 一条龙 means ‘one-MW-dragon,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘an integrated process.’ Its functional translation is ‘from soup to nuts.’ Example 1: A:

这家留学服务公司为客户提供信息咨询、申请学校、办理签证、安 排国外住宿等一条龙服务。

A: Zhèjia liúxué fúwù gdngsc wèi kèhù tígdng xìnxc zcxún, shbnqhng xuéxiào, bànlh qianzhèng, anpái guówài zhùsù dgng yìtiáolóng fúwù. A: This study abroad service company offers soup to nuts service for its clients, helping with consulting, applying to schools, obtaining a visa, arranging housing abroad, etc. Example 2: A:

沃尔玛不仅是大型连锁零售店，本身也生产，实现了生产、加工、 销售、存储、运输一条龙的格局。

A: Wò’grmf bùjhn shì dàxíng liánsui língshòudiàn, bgnshbn yg shbngchfn, shíxiàn le shbngchfn, jiagdng, xiaoshòu, cúnchj, yùnshe yìtiáolóng de géjú. A: Walmart is not just a large-scale retail chain, it also produces products, achieving a soup to nuts production, processing, sales, warehousing and shipping structure. Usage: Functions as attributive. Note: Neutral in meaning.



Entries 266 – 267: 四两拨千斤 and 前怕狼，后怕虎 207 266. 四两拨千斤 (四兩撥千斤)  sì lifng bd qian jcn

Translated character by character, 四两拨千斤 means ‘four-taels-deflect-thousandcatty,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to solve a big issue with little effort.’ Example 1: A:

他去调解两个人的矛盾，话虽不多，但是句句切中要害，起到四两 拨千斤的效果。于是那两个人的矛盾很快化解了。

A: Ta qù tiáojig lifng gè rén de máodùn, huà suc bù dud, dànshì jù jù qièzhòng yàohài, qh dào sì lifng bd qian jcn de xiàogui. Yúshì nà lifng gè rén de máodùn hgnkuài huàjig le. A: He went to mediate two people’s conflict. Not much was said, but every sentence hit the mark, creating an outsized effect. So, the conflict between those two people dissipated very quickly. Example 2: A:

两个人的辩论中，一方对另一方展开了猛烈地攻击，而另一方不慌 不忙，用了一个笑话四两拨千斤，一下子就变被动为主动。

A: Lifng gè rén de biànlùn zhdng, yc fang duì lìng yc fang zhfnkai le mgngliè de gdngjc, ér lìng yc fang bùhuang-bùmáng, yòngle yígè xiàohua sì lifng bd qian jcn, yíxiàzi jiù biàn bèidòng wéi zhjdòng. A: In an argument between two people, one side launched a fierce attack against the other, but the other person, unflustered, used a joke to turn the tables. In a moment, he went from being on defense to being on offense. Usage: Functions as attributive, predicate or predicative. Note: Neutral in meaning.

267. 前怕狼，后怕虎 (前怕狼，後怕虎)  qián pà láng, hòu pà hj Translated character by character, 前怕狼，后怕虎 means ‘ahead-fear-wolf-behindfear-tiger,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to be overcome by fear and indecision.’ Its functional translation is ‘to be afraid to commit oneself.’ Example 1: A:

他做不成大事，因为总是前怕狼后怕虎。

A: Ta zuò bù chéng dàshì, ycnwèi zingshì qián pà láng hòu pà hj. A: He can’t accomplish big things because he’s always afraid to commit himself.

208  Entry 268: 吃水不忘挖井人 Example 2: A:

改革就得付出代价，如果前怕狼后怕虎，那就永远不会发展。

A: Gfigé jiù dgi fùche dàijià, rúgui qián pà láng hòu pà hj, nà jiù yingyufn búhuì fazhfn. A: In order to reform, you must pay the price. If you’re afraid to commit yourself, then you will never develop. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

268. 吃水不忘挖井人 (吃水不忘挖井人)  chc shuh bú wàng wa jhng rén Translated character by character, 吃水不忘挖井人 means ‘drink-water-don’t-forgetdig-well-person.’ Its functional translation is ‘when drinking water, don’t forget those who dug the well.’ Example 1: A: B: A:

孩子，你也十几岁了，应该回爸爸的农村老家看一看。 农村什么有意思的都没有，有什么看头？ 你怎么能这么说！你的父母和祖父母都从那里出生，都在那里长 大。是那个地方养育了我们，没有那个地方就没有我们，也不会有 现在的你。虽然现在我们生活好了，但是吃水不忘挖井人，你应该 知道你现在的生活是怎么来的。

A: Háizi, nh yg shí jh suì le, ycnggai huí bàba de nóngcen lfojia kàn yí kàn. B: Nóngcen shénme yiuyìsc de ddu méiyiu, yiu shénme kàntou? A: Nh Zgnme néng zhème shud! Nhde fùmj hé zjfùmj ddu cóng nàlh cheshbng, ddu zài nàlh zhfngdà. Shì nàgè dìfang yfngyù le wimen, méiyiu nàgè dìfang jiù méiyiu wimen, yg bú huì yiu xiànzài de nh. Sucrán xiànzài wimen shbnghuó hfo le, dànshì chc shuh bú wàng wa jhng rén, nh ycnggai zhcdào nh xiànzài de shbnghuó shì zgnme lái de. A: Kiddo, now that you’re a teenager, you should go see your father’s rural, ancestral home. B: There’s nothing interesting in the country. What’s there worth seeing? A: How could you say that? Your father and grandparents were all born and raised there. It’s that place that brought us up; without it we wouldn’t be here and you wouldn’t exist. Although we have a good life now, when drinking water, don’t forget those who dug the well. You should know how your current lifestyle came to be.



Entry 269: 有仇不报非君子 209

Example 2: A:

日本民间企业家促使中日关系正常化，吃水不忘挖井人，我们应该 感谢这些企业家们。

A: Rìbgn mínjian qhyèjia cùshh Zhdng-Rì guanxì zhèngchánghuà, chc shuh bú wàng wa jhng rén, wimen ycnggai gfnxiè zhèxib qhyèjiamen. A: Japanese civilian entrepreneurs pressed for the normalization of Sino-Japanese relations. When drinking water, don’t forget those who dug the well; we should be grateful to those entrepreneurs. Usage: Used singly. Note: Neutral in meaning.

269. 有仇不报非君子 (有仇不報非君子)  yiu chóu bú bào fbi jenzh Translated character by character, 有仇不报非君子 means ‘have-feud-not-get revengenot-gentleman,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘a good man must avenge slights done unto him.’ Its functional translation is ‘a real man must settle his scores.’ Example 1: A: B:

今天他在大会上的发言明显是针对你的。 是的，我会记住这笔帐的，有仇不报非君子，以后他的把柄不要落 到我手里。

A: Jcntian ta zài dàhuì shàng de fayán míngxifn shì zhbnduì nh de. B: Shìde, wi huì jìzhù zhè bh zhàng de, yiu chóu bú bào fbi jenzh, yhhòu ta de bfbhng búyào luò dào wi shiulh. A: His address at the general assembly today was clearly directed at you. B: Yeah, I’ll remember this slight. A real man must settle his scores. He shouldn’t let me get my hooks into him in the future. Example 2: A: B:

他把你打了？ 这个王八蛋下手真狠，有仇不报非君子，以后我也找机会打他一顿。

A: Ta bf nh df le? B: Zhègè wángbadàn xiàshiu zhbn hgn, yiu chóu bú bào fbi jenzh, yhhòu wi yg zhfo jchuì df ta yí dùn. A: Did he hit you? B: That bastard has no mercy. But, a real man must settle his scores. I’ll look for an opportunity to beat him up in the future.

210  Entries 270 – 271: 不倒翁 and 干打雷，不下雨 Usage: Used singly. Note: Neutral in meaning.

270. 不倒翁 (不倒翁)  bù dfo wbng Translated character by character, 不倒翁 means ‘not-fall-man’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘someone who always lands on their feet no matter what the political environment.’ Its functional translation is ‘a tumbler.’ Example 1: A:

他善于观察政治上的变化，每次都站在优胜者的一方，是政坛上的 不倒翁。

A: Ta shànyú guanchá zhèngzhì shàng de biànhuà, mgicì ddu zhàn zài ydushèngzhg de yì fang, shì zhèngtán shàng de bùdfowbng. A: He’s good at observing political change and always stands with the winning side. He’s a political tumbler. Example 2: A:

他是个有名的不倒翁，做了十九年的美联储主席，不管哪个党派上 台，对他都没有影响。

A: Ta shì gè yiumíng de bùdfowbng, zuòle shíjij nián de Mgiliánchj zhjxí, bùgufn nf gè dfngpài shàngtái, duì ta ddu méiyiu yhngxifng. A: He’s a renowned tumbler. He’s been chairman of the Federal Reserve for 19 years and no matter which party is in office, it doesn’t affect him. Usage: Functions as object. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

271. 干打雷，不下雨 (乾打雷，不下雨)  gan df léi, bú xià yj Translated character by character, 干打雷，不下雨 means ‘only-thunder-no-rain,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘talking big, but not backing it up with action.’ Its functional translation is ‘to talk the talk but not walk the walk’ or ‘all bark and no bite.’ Example 1: A: B:

高层总是说要改善我们的工作条件，但是一年了什么都没做啊！ 对啊，干打雷，不下雨。



Entry 272: 鸡飞狗跳 211

A: Gaocéng zingshì shud yào gfishàn wimen de gdngzuò tiáojiàn, dànshì yì nián le shénme ddu méi zuò a! B: Duì a, gan dfléi, bú xiàyj. A: Management is always saying they’re going to improve our working conditions, but it’s been a year already and they haven’t done a thing! B: Yep, they’re talking big but not backing it up with action. Example 2:

总说要反腐败，结果一个贪污犯也没抓起来。 B: 干打雷，不下雨。

A:

A: Zing shud yào ffn fjbài, jiégui yígè tanwefàn yg méi zhua qhlái. B: Gan dfléi, bú xiàyj. A: They’re always saying they want to crack down on corruption, but they haven’t even caught one corrupt person. B: They are all bark and no bite. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.

272. 鸡飞狗跳 (雞飛狗跳)  jc fbi giu tiào Translated character by character, 鸡飞狗跳 means ‘chicken-fly-dog-jump,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘in an animated and disordered state.’ Its functional translation is ‘in a tizzy.’ Example 1: A:

省里的干部要到一个小村子搞调查，村长觉得是一个在大干部面前 表现的机会，赶紧让老百姓连夜打扫街道、栽花栽树，闹得全村鸡 飞狗跳。

A: Shgng lh de gànbù yào dào yígè xifo cenzi gfo diàochá, cenzhfng juéde shì yígè zài dà gànbù miànqián bifoxiàn de jchuì, gfnjhn ràng lfobfixìng lián yè dfsfo jibdào, zai hua zai shù, nào de quán cen jc fbi giu tiào. A: When province level cadres were going to survey a small town, the mayor thought it was an opportunity to shine in front of important cadres, so he quickly got the townsfolk to clean the streets and plant flowers and trees through the night, throwing the whole town into a tizzy. Example 2: A: B:

政府又在抓恐怖分子。 什么恐怖分子？政府军倒像恐怖分子，把整个国家搞得鸡飞狗跳的。

212  Entry 273: 事后诸葛亮 A: Zhèngfj yòu zài zhua kingbùfènzh. B: Shénme kingbùfènzh? Zhèngfjjen dào xiàng kingbùfènzh, bf zhgng gè guójia gfo de jc fbi giu tiào de. A: The government is catching terrorists again. B: What terrorists? The army is really like the terrorists, throwing the whole country into a tizzy. Usage: Functions as complement. Variant: 鸡飞狗跳墙 Note: Derogatory in meaning.

273. 事后诸葛亮 (事後諸葛亮)  shì hòu Zhegé Liàng Translated character by character, 事后诸葛亮 means ‘event-after-Zhuge Liang,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to claim prescience after a result is known.’ Its functional translation is ‘hindsight is 20-20.’ Example 1:

我说对了吧？别人都说她在这档选秀节目中过不了第一轮，我说她 能得冠军。 B: 你别事后诸葛亮了。我可从来没听你说过她能得冠军。

A:

A: Wi shud duì le ba? Biérén ddu shud ta zài zhè dàng xufnxiù jiémù zhdng guò bùlifo dì-yc lún, wi shud ta néng dé guànjen. B: Nh bié shì hòu Zhegé Liàng le. Wi kg cónglái méi tcng nh shudguò ta néng dé guànjen. A: Am I right? Everyone else said she wouldn’t get past the first round of this talent search; I said she could be the winner. B: Hindsight is 20-20. I never heard you say that she could win. Example 2: A:

比赛结束后，评论员大谈应该用哪个球员，应该使用什么战术。这 不过是事后诸葛亮。

A: Bhsài jiéshù hòu, pínglùnyuán dà tán ycnggai yòng nf gè qiúyuán, ycnggai shhyòng shénme zhànshù. Zhè búguò shì shì hòu Zhegé Liàng. A: After the match ends, commentators talk big about which players should have been used, and which tactics should have been used. But hindsight is 20-20. Usage: Functions as predicative or predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.



Entries 274 – 275: 落水狗 and 板上钉钉 213 274. 落水狗 (落水狗)  luò shuh giu

Translated character by character, 落水狗 means ‘fall in-water-dog,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘a bad person who has fallen out of favor.’ Its functional translation is ‘one who is down on their luck.’ Example 1: A: B:

怎么这么多人批评他？ 你不知道，他以前有权的时候，对待别人非常粗暴；现在他成了落 水狗，大家都想把以前的怨气出出来。

A: Zgnme zhème dud rén pcpíng ta? B: Nh bù zhcdào, ta yhqián yiu quán de shíhòu, duìdài biérén fbicháng cebào; xiànzài ta chéngle luòshuhgiu, dàjia ddu xifng bf yhqián de yuànqì che chelái. A: Why are so many people criticizing him? B: Don’t you know? When he had power before, he treated others very rudely. Now that he’s down on his luck, everyone wants to take out their anger on him. Example 2: A: B:

他看着挺可怜的。 不能可怜他。我们要痛打落水狗。

A: Ta kànzhe thng kglián de. B: Bùnéng kglián ta. Wimen yào tòng df luòshuhgiu. A: He looks pretty pitiful. B: You can’t pity him. We should hit a bad person even if he’s down. Usage: Nominal element, functions mainly as object. Note: Slightly derogatory or neutral in meaning.

275. 板上钉钉 (板上釘釘)  bfn shàng dìng dcng Translated character by character, 板上钉钉 means ‘board-on-to nail-nail,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘finalized,’ or ‘a guaranteed result.’ Its functional translation is ‘sure as shooting,’ ‘a shoo-in,’ or ‘a sure bet.’ Example 1: A: B:

谁能当选下届市长？ 肯定是张副市长，这是板上钉钉的事。

A: Shuí néng dangxufn xià jiè shìzhfng? B: Kgndìng shì Zhang fùshìzhfng, zhè shì bfn shàng dìng dcng de shì.

214  Entry 276: 一碗水端平 A: Who could be elected to be the next mayor? B: It will definitely be Vice-Mayor Zhang. That one’s sure as shooting. Example 2: A:

说到奥运会男篮冠军，美国队是板上钉钉的。

A: Shud dào Àoyùnhuì nánlán guànjen, Mgiguó duì shì bfn shàng dìng dcng de. A: As far as the Olympics men’s basketball champion goes, Team USA is a shoo-in. Usage: Functions as attributive or predicative. Note: Neutral in meaning.

276. 一碗水端平 (一碗水端平)  yì wfn shuh duan píng Translated character by character, 一碗水端平 means ‘one-bowl-water-hold-even,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to treat equally without discrimination.’ Its functional translation is ‘to be impartial’ or ‘to take an impartial approach.’ Example 1: A: B:

我们请他评评理去。 谁不知道，你们俩是亲戚，他能一碗水端平吗？

A: Wimen qhng ta píngping lh qù. B: Shéi bù zhcdao, nhmen lif shì qcnqi, ta néng yì wfn shuh duan píng ma? A: We asked him to referee for us. B: Everyone knows you two are related. Can he be impartial? Example 2: A:

政府在收入分配政策上应该一碗水端平，不能叫弱势群体吃亏。

A: Zhèngfj zài shdurù fbnpèi zhèngcè shang ycnggai yì wfn shuh duan píng, bùnéng jiào ruòshì qúnth chckuc. A: The government should take an impartial approach to income distribution policy. It can’t let the disadvantaged suffer. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Neutral in meaning.



Entries 277 – 278: 烫手的山芋 and 笑掉大牙 215 277. 烫手的山芋 (燙手的山芋)  tàng shiu de shanyù

Translated character by character, 烫手的山芋 means ‘scalding-hand-sweet potato,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘something very annoying which no one wants to be saddled with.’ Its functional translation is ‘a hot potato.’ Example 1: A: B:

恭喜你！现在你是国家队的主教练了。 甭提了，你知道，这是个烫手的山芋，没人想干。我也不想干，可 是上边非让我干不可。

A: Gdngxh nh! Xiànzài nh shì guójiaduì de zhjjiàoliàn le. B: Béng tí le, nh zhcdào, zhè shì gè tàngshiu de shanyù, méi rén xifng gàn. Wi yg bù xifng gàn, kgshì shàngbian fbi ràng wi gàn bùkg. A: Congratulations! You’re now the national team’s head coach. A: Don’t mention it. You know, this job is like a hot potato; no one wants to have it. I also didn’t want to do it, but the higher-ups wouldn’t let me refuse. Example 2: A:

老城区改造是一块烫手的山芋，改好了，原有的居民感谢你；改不 好，估计得让老百姓骂死。

A: Lfochéngqe gfizào shì yí kuài tàngshiu de shanyù, gfi hfo le, yuányiu de jemín gfnxiè nh; gfi bù hfo, gejì dgi ràng lfobfixìng mà sh. A: Old city planning is a hot potato job. If you do a good job, the existing residents will thank you, but if you do a bad job, the public will probably scold you to death. Usage: Functions mainly as predicative. Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.

278. 笑掉大牙 (笑掉大牙)  xiào diào dà yá Translated character by character, 笑掉大牙 means ‘laugh-off-big-tooth,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to laugh one’s head off.’ Example 1: A: B: A:

你赶快回去换一身衣服吧？ 怎么了？不合适吗？ 岂止是不合适，简直是太不合适了！你穿这身衣服，会让人笑掉大 牙的。

216  Entry 279: 一回生，二回熟 A: Nh gfnkuài huíqù huàn yì shbn ycfú ba? B: Zgnme le? Bù héshì ma? A: Qhzhh shì bù héshì, jifnzhí shì tài bù héshì le! Nh chuan zhè shbn ycfú, huì ràng rén xiào diào dà yá de. A: Go back and change your outfit now! B: What’s wrong? Is it not appropriate? A: It’s not just inappropriate, it’s honestly incredibly inappropriate. If you wear this outfit, people will laugh their heads off. Example 2:

庄子是谁？ B: 你真不知道？你还是学习中国哲学的，怎么连庄子都不知道？千万 别跟别人说你不知道庄子，那会叫人笑掉大牙的。 A:

A: Zhuangzi shì shéi? B: Nh zhbn bù zhcdào? Nh hái shì xuéxí Zhdngguó zhéxué de, zgnme lián Zhuangzi ddu bù zhcdào? Qianwàn bié gbn biérén shud nh bù zhcdào Zhuangzi, nà huì jiào rén xiào diào dà yá de. A: Who is Zhuangzi? B: Do you really not know? You studied Chinese philosophy; how do you not even know Zhuangzi? Don’t, under any circumstances, tell people you don’t know who Zhuangzi is. People would laugh their heads off. Usage: Used in the structure ‘让/叫/令/被人 ~（的）.’ Note: Slightly derogatory or neutral in meaning.

279. 一回生，二回熟 (一回生，二回熟)  yc huí shbng, èr huí shú Translated character by character, 一回生，二回熟 means ‘first-time-strangers, second-time-intimates,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘people become closer when they spend time together.’ Its functional meaning is ‘a stranger is just a friend you haven’t met yet.’ Example 1: A: B: A:

我来了一个高中同学，晚上过来热闹一下吧。 我跟他不认识，还是你们自己热闹吧。 没事儿，一回生，二回熟。再说我这个同学特别随和，很好相处。

A: Wi láile yígè gaozhdng tóngxué, wfnshang guòlái rènào yíxià ba. B: Wi gbn ta bú rènshí, háishì nhmen zìjh rènào ba. A: Méishìr, yc huí shbng, èr huí shú. Zàishud wi zhègè tóngxué tèbié suíhé, hgn hfo xiangchj.



Entry 280: 鱼与熊掌不可得兼 217

A: One of my high school classmates is coming to see me. Let’s hang out tonight. B: I don’t know him. You two should just hang out yourselves. A: Don’t worry about it, a stranger is just a friend you haven’t met yet. Moreover, this classmate of mine is extremely easy-going. Example 2: A: B:

对不起，刚才我很失礼，请您不要介意。 哪里！以前我们不认识，才有这个误会；一回生，二回熟，下次就 不会了。

A: Duìbùqh, gangcái wi hgn shclh, qhng nín búyào jieyì. B: Nf lh! Yhqián wimen bú rènshí, cái yiu zhègè wùhuì; yc huí shbng, èr huí shú, xiàcì jiù bú huì le. A: I’m sorry. I’ve been very rude. Please don’t take offense. B: Don’t worry about it! We had this misunderstanding because we didn’t know each other. A stranger is just a friend you haven’t met yet. Next time we won’t have this issue. Usage: Used singly. Note: Neutral in meaning.

280. 鱼与熊掌不可得兼 (魚與熊掌不可得兼)  yú yj xióng zhfng bù kg dé jian Translated character by character, 鱼与熊掌不可得兼 means ‘fish-and-bear-palmnot-able-get-both,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘one cannot always have everything.’ Its functional translation is ‘one can’t have everything in life.’ Example 1:

从工作的角度，这是一个绝好的机会；但是从家庭的角度，我要付 出太多。 B: 好好权衡一下吧，鱼与熊掌不可得兼，必须有取舍。 A:

A: Cóng gdngzuò de jifodù, zhè shì yígè jué hfo de jchuì; dànshì cóng jiatíng de jifodù, wi yào fùche tài dud. B: Hfohao quánhéng yíxià ba, yú yj xióngzhfng bùkg dé jian, bìxe yiu qjshg. A: From a work perspective, this is an outstanding opportunity but, from a family perspective, I’d have to give up too much. B: Weigh up the pros and cons. You can’t have everything in life. You have to give something up.

218  Entry 281: 咸鱼翻身 Example 2: A:

我们得做出一个选择，是要利润还是要产品的知名度？鱼和熊掌不 可兼得。

A: Wimen dgi zuò che yígè xufnzé, shì yào lìrùn háishì yào chfnphn de zhcmíngdù? Yú hé xióngzhfng bùkg jian dé. A: We have to make a choice. At this point, do we want profit, or product recognition? We can’t have both. Usage: Used singly. Variant: 鱼与熊掌不可兼得 Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.

281. 咸鱼翻身 (鹹魚翻身)  xián yú fan shbn Translated character by character, 咸鱼翻身 means ‘salted-fish-turn over-body,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to revive something that is old or having difficulties.’ Its functional translation is ‘to give a new lease on life.’ Example 1: A: B:

这个电影今年票房收入第一。 是啊，男主角演电影三十年都没红过，这次凭这部电影咸鱼翻身了。

A: Zhègè diànyhng jcnnián piàofáng shdurù dì-yc. B: Shì a, nán zhjjué yfn diànyhng sanshí nián ddu méi hóng guò, zhècì píng zhè bù diànyhng xiányúfanshbn le. A: This movie topped the box office this year. B: Yeah, the movie’s male lead hasn’t been in a hot movie in 30 years, and was relying on this movie to give his career a new lease on life. Example 2: A:

他做实业越做越赔，后来炒股咸鱼翻身了。

A: Ta zuò shíyè yuè zuò yuè péi, hòulái chfogj xiányúfanshbn le. A: He was losing more and more in industry but, later, stock speculation gave him a new lease on life. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory or neutral in meaning.



Entries 282 – 283: 一根绳上的蚂蚱 and 趟浑水 219 282. 一根绳上的蚂蚱 (一根繩上的螞蚱)  yì gbn shéng shàng de màzha

Translated character by character, 一根绳上的蚂蚱 means ‘one-MW-string-on-locusts,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to have intertwined fates.’ Its functional translation is ‘to be in something together.’ Example 1: A: B:

张局长怎么那么坚决地支持赵市长？ 你不知道，张局长是赵市长一手提拔起来的，他们是一根绳上的蚂 蚱。如果赵市长下台，张局长也干不了了。

A: Zhang júzhfng zgnme nàme jianjué de zhcchí Zhào shìzhfng? B: Nh bù zhcdao, Zhang júzhfng shì Zhào shìzhfng yìshiu tíbá qhlái de, tamen shì yì gbn shéng shàng de màzha. Rúgui Zhào shìzhfng xiàtái, Zhang júzhfng yg gàn bùlifo le. A: Why is Minister Zhang supporting Mayor Zhao so steadfastly? B: You don’t know? Minister Zhang singlehandedly promoted Mayor Zhao. They are in this together. If Mayor Zhao is unseated, Minister Zhang will not be able to continue. Example 2: A:

大食品公司认为，只要食品药品管理局的官员收受了他们的巨额贿 赂，从此他们就是一根绳上的蚂蚱。

A: Dà shíphn gdngsc rènwéi, zhhyào shíphn yàophn gufnlhjú de guanyuán shdushòule tamen de jù’é huìlù, cóngch tamen jiù shì yì gbn shéng shàng de màzha. A: The big food company believes that if the FDA accepts their huge bribe, they will be in it together going forward. Usage: Functions as object. Variant: 一条绳上的蚂蚱 Note: Neutral or slightly derogatory in meaning.

283. 趟浑水 (趟渾水)  tang hún shuh Translated character by character, 趟浑水 means ‘wade-murky-water,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb is ‘to intentionally get involved in a messy situation.’

220  Entry 284: 狗腿子 Example 1: A: B:

我想去竞聘这个主任的位置。 别去趟这个浑水，这里面的关系太复杂，太肮脏。你跟他们不是一 路人。

A: Wi xifng qù jìngpìn zhègè zhjrèn de wèizhì. B: Bié qù tang zhègè húnshuh, zhè lhmiàn de guanxì tài fùzá, tài angzang. Nh gbn tamen búshì yí lù rén. A: I want to be a candidate for this post as director. B: Don’t get yourself into that mess. The situation is too complicated and too dirty. You’re not that breed of person. Example 2: A: B:

你想不想解决那家公司的污染问题？ 我不想趟浑水。官司都打十年了，还墨墨迹迹的，我可不想管。

A: Nh xifng bù xifng jigjué nà jia gdngsc de werfn wèntí? B: Wi bù xifng tanghúnshuh. Guansi ddu df shí nián le, hái mòmojcji de, wi kg bù xifng gufn. A: Do you want to deal with that company’s pollution problem? B: I don’t want to get into that mess. The case has gone on for ten years already and it’s still messy. I don’t want any part of it. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

284. 狗腿子 (狗腿子)  giu tuh zi Translated character by character, 狗腿子 means ‘dog-leg,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘a servile follower.’ Its functional translation is ‘henchman,’ ‘lackey,’ or ‘lapdog.’ Example 1: A: B:

他跟领导走得很近。 他就是领导的狗腿子，对领导溜须拍马，领导让他做什么他就做什 么。

A: Ta gbn lhngdfo ziu de hgn jìn. B: Ta jiù shì lhngdfo de giutuhzi, duì lhngdfo liexe-paimf, lhngdfo ràng ta zuò shénme ta jiù zuò shénme. A: He’s gotten very close to the boss. B: He’s the boss’s lapdog. He fawns on the boss and does anything that the boss says.



Entry 285: 用在刀刃上 221

Example 2: A:

他手下有几个狗腿子，尤其是那个瘦子。

A: Ta shiuxià yiu jh gè giutuhzi, yóuqí shì nàgè shòuzi. A: He has a few lackeys at his command, especially the skinny one. Usage: Functions as predicative or object. Note: Derogatory in meaning.

285. 用在刀刃上 (用在刀刃上)  yòng zài dao rèn shàng Translated character by character, 用在刀刃上 means ‘use-on-knife-edge,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to employ limited resources where they are most needed.’ Example 1: A: B:

今年我的公司赚了一千万，我准备花一百万买辆跑车。 你就知道乱花钱，钱得用在刀刃上，你能不能把那一百万用在改善 生产设备上？

A: Jcn nián wide gdngsc zuànle yc qian wàn, wi zhjnbèi hua yì bfi wàn mfi liàng pfochb. B: Nh jiù zhcdào luàn huaqián, qián dgi yòng zài daorèn shàng, nh néngbùnéng bf nà yì bfi wàn yòng zài gfishàn shbngchfn shèbèi shàng? A: My company made 10 million RMB this year. I’m planning to spend a million to buy a sports car. B: All you know how to do is waste money. You should use the money where it’s needed. Can you use that million RMB on improving your production equipment? Example 2: A: B:

他可聪明了，游戏玩得好着呢。 浪费了，好钢得用在刀刃上，学习那么差，游戏玩儿得好有什么用？

A: Ta kg cdngmíng le, yóuxì wán de hfo zhe ne. B: Làngfèi le, hfo gang dgi yòng zài daorèn shàng, xuéxí nàme chà, yóuxì wánr de hfo yiu shénme yòng? A: He’s very smart. He’s really good at video games. B: That’s a waste. He should use his talents where they’re most needed. What use is his being good at video games if his studies are in such a poor state? Usage: Functions as predicate. Variant: 好钢用在刀刃上 Note: Neutral in meaning.

222  Entries 286 – 287: 鸡飞蛋打 and 胳膊扭不过大腿 286. 鸡飞蛋打 (雞飛蛋打)  jc fbi dàn df Translated character by character, 鸡飞蛋打 means ‘chicken-fled-egg-broken,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘all is lost.’ Its functional translation is ‘to come up empty-handed.’ Example 1: A: B:

他的女儿跟男朋友跑了。 是啊，他本想跟男方多要些彩礼，谁知道要得太多了，结果不但没 得到一分钱，女儿反倒跟人家跑了，鸡飞蛋打。

A: Ta de nr’ér gbn nánpéngyiu pfo le. B: Shì a, ta bgn xifng gbn nánfang dud yào xib cfilh, shuízhcdào yào de tài dud le, jiégui búdàn méi dédào yì fbn qián, nr’ér ffndfo gbn rénjia pfo le, jc fbi dàn df. A: His daughter ran away with her boyfriend. B: Yeah, he originally wanted to get a larger dowry from the man, but he was asking too much. In the end, he not only got no money, his daughter ran away with someone. He came up empty-handed. Example 2: A:

你不要太贪婪，差不多就行了，别最后弄得鸡飞蛋打。

A: Nh búyào tài tanlán, chàbudud jiù xíng le, bié zuìhòu nòng de jc fbi dàn df. A: Don’t be too greedy. Just leave well enough alone. Don’t make it so that you come up empty-handed in the end. Usage: Functions as predicate or complement. Note: Neutral in meaning.

287. 胳膊扭不过大腿 (胳膊扭不過大腿)  gbbo nij bú guò dàtuh Translated character by character, 胳膊扭不过大腿 means ‘arm-twist-not-able-thigh,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘no amount of effort can make up for inherent weakness.’ Its functional translation is ‘the weak cannot contend with the strong.’ Example 1: A: B:

这项规定太不合理了。不行，我要去上访。 上诉也没有用，胳膊扭不过大腿，你告的可是一级政府啊！

A: Zhè xiàng gucdìng tài bù hélh le. Bùxíng, wi yào qù shàngffng. B: Shàngsù yg méiyiuyòng, gbbo nij bú guò dàtuh, nh gào de shì yì jí zhèngfj a!



Entry 288: 饱汉不知饿汉饥 223

A: This regulation is so unreasonable. This won’t work; I’m going to appeal to a higher authority. B: There’s no use in going to court either. The weak cannot contend with the strong. You’re going up against the government! Example 2:

老同学，不是我要说让你不高兴的话。你那家小书店还是关了吧， 凭你的脑瓜，干什么不赚钱啊？ B: 不行，如果我的小店儿关了，周围的孩子、邻居看书就不方便了。 A: 你说得很对，可是胳膊拧不过大腿啊。网上购物兴起以后，全国的 小书店都关了一半了。 A:

A: Lfotóngxué, búshì wi yào shud ràng nh bù gaoxìng de huà. Nh nà jia xifo shediàn háishi guanle ba, píng nhde nfogua, gàn shénme bú zhuànqián a? B: Bùxíng, rúgui wide xifodiànr guan le, zhduwéi de háizi, línju kànshe jiù bù fangbian le. A: Nh shud de hgn duì, kgshì gbbo nhng bú guò dàtuh. Wfngshàng gòuwù xcngqh yhhòu, quánguó de xifo shediàn ddu guanle yíbàn le. A: My friend, it’s not that I want to say something that will make you unhappy, but you should close your little bookstore. Use your head; you can make money doing anything. B: That won’t work. If I close my small bookstore, it won’t be convenient for the local children and residents to read books. A: You’re right, but the weak cannot contend with the strong. Since the rise of online shopping, half of the small bookstores in the country have closed. Usage: Used singly. Variant: 胳膊拧不过大腿 (拧 nhng, to twist) Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.

288. 饱汉不知饿汉饥 (飽漢不知餓漢饑)  bfo hàn bù zhc è hàn jc Translated character by character, 饱汉不知饿汉饥 means ‘full-man-not-knowhungry-man-starving,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘one cannot understand someone’s suffering without having experienced it.’ Its functional translation is ‘he jests at scars that never felt a wound,’ or ‘the wearer knows best where the shoe pinches.’ Example 1: A: B:

过几天我再把钱打到你的账户上。 你真是饱汉子不知饿汉子饥，我等你的钱都快等疯了。

224  Entry 289: 笑面虎 A: Guò jh tian wi zài bf qián df dào nhde zhànghù shàng. B: Nh zhbn shì bfo hànzi bù zhc è hànzi jc, wi dgng nhde qián ddu kuài dgng fbng le. A: In a few days, I’ll wire more money into your account. B: He jests at scars that never felt a wound. I’m about to go crazy waiting for the money. Example 2:

求他一点儿事，他却一拖再拖。 B: 他啊，饱汉不知饿汉饥，不理解我们的困难。 A:

A: Qiú ta yìdifnr shì, ta què yìtud-zàitud. B: Ta a, bfo hàn bù zhc è hàn jc, bù lhjig wimen de kùnnan. A: I asked something of him and he just keeps pushing it back. B: Him? The wearer knows best where the shoe pinches. He doesn’t understand our troubles. Usage: Functions as predicative. Variant: 饱汉子不知饿汉子饥 Note: Derogatory and humorous in meaning.

289. 笑面虎 (笑面虎)  xiào miàn hj Translated character by character, 笑面虎 means ‘smile-face-tiger,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘one who hides their ferocity or malicious intent behind a façade of kindliness.’ Its functional translation is ‘a wolf in sheep’s clothing.’ Example 1: A:

他整天笑嘻嘻的，不过你要小心点儿，他是个笑面虎。

A: Ta zhgngtian xiàoxcxc de, búguò nh yào xifoxcn difnr, ta shì gè xiàomiànhj. A: He’s always smiling, but you need to watch yourself. He’s a wolf in sheep’s clothing. Example 2: A:

律师个个都像笑面虎，表面上客客气气，收费的时候可是一点儿也 不手软。

A: Lqshc gègè ddu xiàng xiàomiànhj, bifomiàn shàng kèkeqìqì, shdufèi de shíhòu kgshì yìdifnr yg bù shiurufn. A: Lawyers are all wolves in sheep’s clothing. On the outside they’re nice and polite, but when it comes time to collect the bills, they’re coldhearted.



Entries 290 – 291: 二 and 给力 225

Usage: Functions as predicative or object. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

290. 二 (二)  èr Translated character by character, 二 means ‘two,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘clueless.’ Example 1: A:

他太二了，连这话都不懂。

A: Ta tài èr le, lián zhè huà ddu bù ding. A: He’s so clueless. He doesn’t even understand what this means. Example 2: A:

这个老外真二，把中国当成美国了。

A: Zhègè lfowài zhbn èr, bf Zhdngguó dangchéng Mgiguó le. A: This foreigner is really clueless. He thinks China is just like the US. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

291. 给力 (給力)  ggi lì Translated character by character, 给力 means ‘giving-power,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘awesome,’ or ‘exciting.’ Example 1: A:

这部电影真精彩，实在太给力了。

A: Zhè bù diànyhng zhbn jcngcfi, shízài tài ggilì le. A: This movie is truly excellent. It’s really so awesome. Example 2: A:

我给你拍照片呢。笑一笑，……再笑一笑，……不行，给点儿力好 不好？

A: Wi ggi nh pai zhàopiàn ne. Xiào yi xiào, ……zài xiào yi xiào, ……bùxíng, ggi difnr lì hfobùhfo?

226  Entries 292 – 293: 母老虎 and 五十步笑百步 A: I’ll take your picture. Smile  .  .  .  ; smile again  .  .  .  ; that’s no good. Look alive, OK? Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Complimentary in meaning. Started to gain popularity in 2010. Sometimes referred to in English as ‘gelivable.’ 292. 母老虎 (母老虎)  mj lfohj Translated character by character, 母老虎 means ‘female-tiger,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘a controlling or overbearing woman.’ Its functional translation is ‘shrew,’ or ‘battle-axe.’ Example 1:

听说他老婆可厉害了。 B: 是个母老虎，把他管得跟个小猫似的。

A:

A: Tcng shud ta lfopo kg lìhai le. B: Shì gè mjlfohu, bf ta gufn de gbn gè xifomao shì de. A: I hear his wife is really fierce. B: She’s a shrew. She’s got him whipped. Example 2: A:

我的老板是只母老虎，非常凶。

A: Wide lfobfn shì zhc mjlfohu, fbicháng xidng. A: My boss is a battle-axe; very fierce. Usage: Nominal element, functions as predicative or object. Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning.

293. 五十步笑百步 (五十步笑百步)  wjshí bù xiào bfi bù Translated character by character, 五十步笑百步 means ‘fifty-steps-laugh-one hundred-steps,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘disparaging someone else for essentially the same thing you yourself have done.’ Its functional translation is ‘the pot calling the kettle black.’ Example 1: A: B:

这个游戏有十关，你才过第二关，怎么这么慢？ 你别五十步笑百步，你不是还差五关呢吗？

A: Zhègè yóuxì yiu shí guan, nh cái guò dì-èr guan, zgnme zhème màn? B: Nh bié wjshí bù xiào bfi bù, nh búshì hái chà wj guan ne ma?



Entry 294: 门外汉 227

A: This game has ten levels and you’ve only just beaten the second? How are you so slow? B: The pot shouldn’t call the kettle black. Don’t you still have five levels left? Example 2: A: B:

你连比尔·克林顿都没听说过吗？你还算是美国人吗？ 你连老布什和小布什都不分呢，五十步笑百步。

A: Nh lián Bh’gr Kèlíndùn ddu méi tcngshud guò ma? Nh hái suàn shì Mgiguórén ma? B: Nh lián lfo Bùshí hé xifo Bùshí ddu bù fbn ne, wjshí bù xiào bfi bù. A: You haven’t even heard of Bill Clinton? Are you really American? B: You don’t even know the difference between George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush. That’s the pot calling the kettle black. Usage: Functions as predicative or predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning. 五十步笑百步 is an allusion from the Book of Mencius. A soldier who retreated fifty paces mocked one who retreated one hundred paces.

294. 门外汉 (門外漢)  mén wài hàn Translated character by character, 门外汉 means ‘door-outside-man,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘an inexperienced person.’ Its functional translation is ‘a layman.’ Example 1: A:

对于艺术，我是个门外汉，所以最好不要乱发表看法。

A: Duìyú yìshù, wi shì gè ménwàihàn, suiyh zuìhfo búyào luàn fabifo kànff. A: With regards to art, I’m a layman, so I’d better not make comments lightly. Example 2: A:

经过不懈的努力，他从一个门外汉变成了内行。

A: Jcngguò búxiè de njlì, ta cóng yígè ménwàihàn biànchéng le nèiháng. A: Through persistent effort, he went from being a layman to being an insider. Usage: Nominal element, functions mainly as predicative or object. Note: Neutral in meaning.

228  Entries 295 – 296: 前人栽树，后人乘凉 and 烂泥扶不上墙 295. 前人栽树，后人乘凉 (前人栽樹，後人乘涼)  qián rén zai shù, hòu rén chéng liáng Translated character by character, 前人栽树，后人乘凉 means ‘forefather-plant-tree, descendent-enjoy shade,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘descendants benefit from the efforts of their forebears.’ Its functional translation is ‘walnuts and pears you plant for your heirs,’ or ‘for posterity’s sake.’ Example 1: A:

我们应该有一种奉献精神，前人栽树，后人乘凉，我们的子孙后代 会感谢我们的付出的。

A: Wimen ycnggai yiu yìzhing fèngxiàn jcngshén, qián rén zai shù, hòu rén chéng liáng, wimen de zhsen hòudài huì gfnxiè wimen de fùche de. A: We should have a spirit of sacrifice. Walnuts and pears you plant for your heirs. Our descendants will be grateful for our efforts. Example 2: A: B:

这片荒漠何年何月才能改造成草原啊？值得吗？ 改造荒漠是前人栽树，后人乘凉。为了后世人，很值得。

A: Zhè piàn huangmò hénián-héyuè cáinéng gfizào chéng cfoyuán a? Zhíde ma? B: Gfizào huangmò shì qián rén zai shù, hòu rén chéng liáng. Wèile hòushì rén, hgn zhíde. A: Who knows when this piece of desert will finally be transformed into grassland? Is it worth it? B: Transforming this desert is planting walnuts and pears for your heirs. For posterity, it’s very much worth it. Usage: Functions as predicative or used singly. Note: Complimentary in meaning. 296. 烂泥扶不上墙 (爛泥扶不上墻)  làn ní fú bú shàng qiáng Translated character by character, 烂泥扶不上墙 means ‘thin-mud-stick-not-uponwall,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to help someone but have them fail to fulfill your expectations.’ Its functional translation is ‘to wash a pig is to waste both water and soap.’ Example 1: A: B:

我们还应该再帮他一次。 一次又一次，不知道已经多少次了，每次都是失败。他是烂泥扶不 上墙的那种人。



Entry 297: 关公面前耍大刀 229

A: Wimen hái ycnggai zài bang ta yí cì. B: Yí cì yòu yí cì, bù zhcdào yhjcng dudshfo cì le, mgicì ddu shì shcbài. Ta shì làn ní fú bú shàng qiáng de nà zhing rén. A: We should help him again. B: It happens again and again. I don’t know how many times we’ve helped him already, but he fails every time. To wash a pig is to waste both water and soap. Example 2: A:

这么多人帮他，他还是不能成功，真是烂泥扶不上墙。

A: Zhème dud rén bang ta, ta hái shì bùnéng chénggdng, zhbn shì làn ní fú bú shàng qiáng. A: So many people are helping him and he still can’t succeed. To wash a pig is to waste both water and soap. Usage: Functions as predicate or attributive. Note: Derogatory and humorous in meaning.

297. 关公面前耍大刀 (關公面前耍大刀)  Guangdng miàn qián shuf dà dao Translated character by character, 关公面前耍大刀 means ‘in the face of-Lord Guanplay-broadsword,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to show off one’s knowledge of some subject matter in front of a master.’ Its functional translation is ‘to teach one’s grandmother how to suck eggs.’ Example 1: A: B:

他写了一本应该怎么打网球的书，送了一本给费德勒。 哇，他真好意思！这不是关公面前耍大刀么？

A: Ta xigle yì bgn ycnggai zgnme df wfngqiú de she, sòngle yì bgn ggi Fèidélè. B: Wà, ta zhbn hfoyìsi! Zhè búshì Guangdng miànqián shuf dà dao me? A: He wrote a book about how to play tennis and sent a copy to Roger Federer. B: Wow, that’s embarassing! Isn’t that like teaching your grandmother how to suck eggs? Example 2: A: B: A:

你有什么看法，说出来听听？ 王教授，我可不敢。如果说了，那不是关公面前耍大刀嘛。 学术上的事，不要那么谦虚，说来听听。

230  Entry 298: 高不成，低不就 A: Nh yiu shénme kànff, shud chelái tcngtcng? B: Wáng jiàoshòu, wi kg bùgfn. Rúgui shud le, nà búshì Guangdng miànqián shuf dà dao ma. A: Xuéshù shàng de shì, búyào nàme qianxe, shud lái tcngtcng. A: What do you think? Let’s hear what you have to say. B: Professor Wang, I don’t dare. If I spoke, wouldn’t that be like teaching your grandmother how to suck eggs? A: Don’t be so modest with regard to academic issues. Let’s hear what you have to say. Usage: Functions as predicative. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

298. 高不成，低不就 (高不成，低不就)  gao bù chéng, dc bú jiù Translated character by character, 高不成，低不就 means ‘high-not able-achieve, low-not willing-accept,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to not be good enough to get what one wants, but unwilling to pursue something befitting one’s talents.’ Example 1: A: B:

他好像整天怀才不遇似的。 哪儿啊，他是高不成，低不就。

A: Ta hfoxiàng zhgngtian huáicái-búyù shìde. B: Nfr a, ta shì gaobùchéng, dcbújiù. A: He seems to never be able to use his talents. B: Not really. He’s not good enough to do what he wants to do, but unwilling to do anything befitting his own talents. Example 2: A: B:

这个人有一定的才能，我想招聘他。 再想想吧，他这个人高不成，低不就，干不成大事，抱怨倒不少。

A: Zhègè rén yiu yídìng de cáinéng, wi xifng zhaopìn ta. B: Zài xifngxifng ba, ta zhègè rén gaobùchéng, dcbújiù, gàn bù chéng dàshì, bàoyuàn dào bùshfo. A: This person has some talent. I want to recruit him. B: Think again. This guy is not good enough to do what he wants to do, but he’s unwilling to do anything befitting his own talents. He can’t get big things done and he complains a lot.



Entries 299 – 300: 胳膊肘往外扭 and 长痛不如短痛 231

Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

299. 胳膊肘往外扭 (胳膊肘往外扭)  gbbozhiu wfng wài nij Translated character by character, 胳膊肘往外扭 means ‘arm-elbow-toward-outsideturn,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to side with outsiders instead of one’s own people.’ Example 1: A: B:

你也得为别人想想。 你这话是怎么说的？你怎么不为我说话，胳膊肘往外扭啊？

A: Nh yg dgi wèi biérén xifngxifng. B: Nh zhè huà shì zgnme shud de? Nh zgnme bú wèi wi shudhuà, gbbozhiu wfng wài nij a? A: You should also think about others. B: How can you say that? Why didn’t you take my side? You sided with outsiders instead of me. Example 2: A: B:

X国其实对中国很好的。 我看你像个汉奸，要不为什么胳膊肘往外扭？

A: X guó qíshí duì Zhdngguó hgnhfo de. B: Wi kàn nh xiàng gè hànjian, yào bú wèishénme gbbozhiu wfng wài nij? A: Country X is actually very good to China. B: I think you sound like a traitor, otherwise why would you be supporting that country? Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.

300. 长痛不如短痛 (長痛不如短痛)  cháng tòng bù rú dufn tòng Translated character by character, 长痛不如短痛 means ‘long-agony-not-as good as-short-agony,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘it is better to deal with painful things quickly.’ Its functional translation is ‘it’s better to just rip the Band-Aid off now.’

232  Entry 301: 酒香不怕巷子深 Example 1:

你看我跟我男朋友的关系，分分合合，好好坏坏，我们到底合适不 合适？ B: 我看你们俩不合适。现在让你们分手，心里肯定会痛苦。但是，长 痛不如短痛，与其一直痛苦下去，不如现在一刀两断。 A:

A: Nh kàn wi gbn wi nánpéngyou de guanxì, fènfenhéhé, hfohfohuàihuài, wimen dàodh héshì bú héshì? B: Wi kàn nhmen lif bù héshì. Xiànzài ràng nhmen fbnshiu, xcnlh kgndìng huì tòngkj. Dànshì, cháng tòng bùrú dufn tòng, yjqí yìzhí tòngkj xiàqù, bùrú xiànzài yìdao-lifngduàn. A: Take a look at my relationship with my boyfriend. It’s on and off, good and bad; are we right for each other or not? B: I think you’re not right for each other. If you break up now, it will definitely hurt, but it’s better to just rip the Band-Aid off. It’s better to make a clean break now than to continue being miserable. Example 2:

我在这家公司干得不如意，贡献多但是不受重视。想换家公司吧， 但是现在总体就业形势不好。 B: 长痛不如短痛。虽然现在就业形势不好，但是只要有机会就比你原 来的公司强。

A:

A: Wi zài zhè jia gdngsc gàn de bù rúyì, gòngxiàn dud dànshì bú shòu zhòngshì. Xifng huàn jia gdngsc ba, dànshì xiànzài zingth jiùyè xíngshì bùhfo. B: Cháng tòng bùrú dufn tòng. Sucrán xiànzài jiùyè xíngshì bùhfo, dànshì zhhyào yiu jchuì jiù bh nh yuánlái de gdngsc qiáng. A: Working at this company hasn’t turned out as I’d hoped. I’ve distinguished myself a lot, but I’m not valued. I want to move to another company, but the overall employment situation isn’t good now. B: It’s better to just rip the Band-Aid off now. Although the employment situation isn’t good now, if you get an opportunity, it’ll be better than your old one. Usage: Used singly. Note: Neutral in meaning.

301. 酒香不怕巷子深 (酒香不怕巷子深)  jij xiang bú pà xiàngzi shbn Translated character by character, 酒香不怕巷子深 means ‘wine-fragrant-not-fearalley-deep,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘a good product needs no advertisement.’ Its functional translation is ‘good wine needs no bush.’



Entry 302: 一条路走到黑 233

Example 1: A: B:

张董，你们公司不怎么打广告，产品却卖得很火，有什么秘诀？ 什么也没有。我们只是注重质量，质量高了，酒香不怕巷子深，消 费者自然也就喜欢了。其实我们不是不打广告，而是用消费者直接 打广告。

A: Zhang ding, nhmen gdngsc bù zgnme df gufnggào, chfnphn què mài de hgn hui, yiu shénme mìjué? B: Shénme yg méiyiu. Wimen zhhshì zhùzhòng zhìliàng, zhìliàng gao le, jij xiang bú pà xiàngzi shbn, xiaofèizhg zìrán yg jiù xhhuan le. Qíshí wimen búshì bù df gufnggào, érshì yòng xiaofèizhg zhíjib df gufnggào. A: Mr. Zhang, your company doesn’t really advertise, but your products are flying off the shelves. What’s your secret? B: There is no secret. We just pay attention to quality. Good wine needs no bush. When the quality is good, consumers naturally like it. Really, it’s not that we don’t advertise; it’s that we use consumers to advertise directly. Example 2: A:

可口可乐、麦当劳都做很多广告，看来酒香也怕巷子深。

A: Kgkiu kglè, Màidangláo ddu zuò hgn dud gufnggào, kànlái jij xiang yg pà xiàngzi shbn. A: Coca-Cola and McDonald’s both advertise a lot. I see even good products need advertisement. Usage: Used singly. Variants: 酒好不怕巷子深; 好酒不怕巷子深 Note: Neutral in meaning.

302. 一条路走到黑 (一條路走到黑)  yì tiáo lù ziu dào hbi Translated character by character, 一条路走到黑 means ‘one-MW-road-walk-untildark,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to persist in a quixotic endeavor until failure.’ Its functional translation is ‘to be as stubborn as a mule.’ Example 1: A: B:

你去劝劝他，别再干下去了。这样肯定不行。 我也劝过，但是不管用啊？他是一条路走到黑的人。

A: Nh qù quànquàn ta, bié zài gàn xiàqù le. Zhèyàng kgndìng bùxíng. B: Wi yg quàn guò, dànshì bù gufnyòng a? Ta shì yì tiáo lù ziu dào hbi de rén.

234  Entry 303: 不是鱼死，就是网破 A: Go have a talk with him; he can’t keep doing that. It’s just not OK. B: I’ve spoken with him, but to what avail? He’s stubborn as a mule. Example 2:

他怎么还做方便面生意啊？人们讲究饮食之后，这个行业一天比一 天萎缩。 B: 他总是一条路走到黑，不会变通。 A:

A: Ta zgnme hái zuò fangbiànmiàn shbngyì a? Rénmen jifngjie yhnshí zhchòu, zhègè hángyè yì tian bh yì tian wgisud. B: Ta zingshì yì tiáo lù ziu dào hbi, búhuì biàntdng. A: How is he still in the instant noodle business? Since people became more discerning in their tastes, that industry has been shrinking constantly. B: He’s always been stubborn as a mule. He can’t adapt. Usage: Functions as predicate or attributive. Variants: 一条路跑到黑；一条道走到黑；一条道跑到黑 Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

303. 不是鱼死，就是网破 (不是魚死，就是網破)  bú shì yú sh, jiù shì wfng pò Translated character by character, 不是鱼死，就是网破 means ‘if-not-fish-die, thenis-net-break,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to be engaged in a fight to the end.’ Its functional translation is ‘it’s either him or me.’ Example 1: A: B:

你还想跟他争下去吗？ 我要跟他斗到底，不是鱼死，就是网破。

A: Nh hái xifng gbn ta zhbng xiàqù ma? B: Wi yào gbn ta dòu dàodh, búshì yú sh, jiùshì wfng pò. A: You still want to keep fighting with him? B: I want to fight him to the end. It’s either him or me. Example 2: A:

事情已经发展到这一步了，不是鱼死，就是网破，妥协是不可能的 了。

A: Shìqíng yhjcng fa zhfn dào zhè yí bù le, búshì yú sh, jiùshì wfng pò, tuixié shì bù kgnéng de le. A: Things have already come this far. It’s either him or me. Compromise isn’t a possibility anymore.



Entries 304 – 305: 冰山一角 and 身体是革命的本钱 235

Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Neutral in meaning.

304. 冰山一角 (冰山一角)  bcng shan yì jifo Translated character by character, 冰山一角 means ‘iceberg-one-corner,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘the tip of the iceberg.’ Example 1: A: B:

这起案件牵涉到很多重量级的人物。 这只是冰山一角，真正的大人物还没出场呢。

A: Zhè qh ànjiàn qianshè dào hgndud zhòngliàngjí de rénwù. B: Zhè zhhshì bcngshan yì jifo, zhbnzhèng de dàrénwù hái méi chechfng ne. A: This case has implicated a lot of heavyweights. B: This is just the tip of the iceberg. The real big-hitters haven’t come out yet. Example 2: A: B:

毒奶粉事件真可怕！ 这仅仅是食品行业冰山的一角，食用油、人工色素等问题还很多， 并且更严重。

A: Dú nfifgn shì jiàn zhbn kgpà! B: Zhè jhnjhn shì shíphn hángyè bcngshan de yì jifo, shíyòngyóu, réngdng sèsù dgng wèntí hái hgndud, bìngqig gèng yánzhòng. A: The tainted milk powder scandal was really frightening! B: This is just the tip of the iceberg with the food industry. There are still a lot of issues, like those with cooking oil and artificial coloring, which are even more serious. Usage: Functions mainly as predicative. Note: Neutral in meaning.

305. 身体是革命的本钱 (身體是革命的本錢)  shbnth shì gémìng de bgnqián Translated character by character, 身体是革命的本钱 means ‘body-is-revolution-’scapital,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘good health is a prerequisite for work.’

236  Entry 306: 说风凉话 Example 1: A: B: A:

小高，你得注意身体啊，工作别太辛苦了。 谢谢您的关心，我的身体很棒。 身体是革命的本钱。工作可以慢慢干，但累坏了身体可就不容易恢 复了。

A: Xifo Gao, nh dgi zhùyì shbnth a, gdngzuò bié tài xcnkj le. B: Xièxiè nín de guanxcn, wide shbnth hgn bàng. A: Shbnth shì gémìng de bgnqian. Gdngzuò kgyh mànman gàn, dàn lèihuàile shbnth kg jiù bù róngyì hucfù le. A: Little Gao, you have to be careful of your health. Don’t work too hard. B: Thank you for your concern. I’m very healthy. A: Good health is a prerequisite for work. Work can be done slowly, but if you tire yourself out, it’s not easy to recover. Example 2: A:

你少喝点儿酒吧，身体是革命的本钱。

A: Nh shfo hb difnr jij ba, shbnth shì gémìng de bgnqian. A: Drink a little less. Good health is a prerequisite for work. Usage: Used singly. Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.

306. 说风凉话 (說風涼話)  shud fbng liáng huà Translated character by character, 说风凉话 means ‘speak-sarcastic-remark,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to make sarcastic comments.’ Its functional translation is ‘to crack wise.’ Example 1: A: B:

就那点活儿，干了一个星期了，还没干完呢。 你要是想帮，就过来帮个忙；要是不想帮，也别在这儿说风凉话。

A: Jiù nà difn huór, gànle yígè xcngqc le, hái méi gàn wán ne. B: Nh yàoshì xifng bang, jiù guòlái bang gè máng; yàoshì bù xifng bang, yg bié zài zhèr shud fbngliánghuà. A: You’ve been working on that little task for a week and you still haven’t finished? B: If you want to help then come over and help. If you don’t want to help, don’t just stand here cracking wise.



Entry 307: 紧箍咒 237

Example 2: A: B:

她做事很有主见。 对，那么多人说风凉话，可是她一点也不在乎。

A: Ta zuòshì hgn yiu zhjjiàn. B: Duì, nàme dud rén shud fbngliánghuà, kgshì ta yìdifn yg bú zàihu. A: She has her own way of doing things. B: Yeah, so many people crack, wise but she doesn’t care at all. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

307. 紧箍咒 (緊箍咒)  jhn ge zhòu Translated character by character, 紧箍咒 means ‘tighten-headband-incantation,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘a method by which one controls another person.’ Its functional translation is ‘to tug on the yoke,’ or ‘a yoke on the shoulders.’ Example 1: A: B:

他老是提我上大学的时候吸大麻被警察抓住那件事。 又念紧箍咒了吧，肯定是你最近让他不满意了。

A: Ta lfoshì tí wi shàng dàxué de shíhòu xc dàmá bèi jhngchá zhuazhù nà jiàn shì. B: Yòu niàn jhngezhòu le ba, kgndìng shì nh zuìjìn ràng ta bù mfnyì le. A: He always reminds me of how I was arrested by the police for smoking marijuana when we were in college. B: He’s tugging on the yoke again. You obviously have upset him recently. Example 2: A:

百分之八的经济增长率就像戴在各级政府领导头上的一道紧箍咒。

A: Bfi fbn zhc ba de jcngjì zbngzhfnglq jiù xiàng dài zài gè jí zhèngfj lhngdfo tóu shàng de yí dào jhngezhòu. A: An 8 percent economic growth rate is like a yoke on the shoulders of government leaders at all levels. Usage: Functions mainly as object. Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.

238  Entry 308: 唱双簧 308. 唱双簧 (唱雙簧)  chàng shuang huáng Translated character by character, 唱双簧 means ‘play-double-reed,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to scheme with someone.’ Its functional translation is ‘a carefully choreographed dance.’ Example 1: A: B: A:

这两个人真会演戏。 怎么讲？ 那个女的在电视上哭诉遇到家庭暴力，另一个男的接受采访时说男 女平等，坚决反对家庭暴力。其实谁都知道他们在唱双簧，女的是 有夫之妇，男的是有妇之夫，但是两个人早就有不正当男女关系了。

A: Zhè lifng gè rén zhbn huì yfnxì. B: Zgnme jifng? A: Nàgè nrde zài diànshì shàng kesù yùdào jiatíng bàolì, lìngyígè nánde jibshòu cfiffng shí shud nánnr píngdgng, jianjué ffnduì jiatíng bàolì. Qíshí shéi ddu zhcdào tamen zài chàngshuanghuáng, nrde shì yiufezhcfù, nánde shì yiufùzhcfe, dànshì lifng gè rén zfo jiù yiu bú zhèngdang nánnr guanxì le. A: Those two really can act. B: What do you mean? A: On TV, that woman said through her tears that she suffered domestic abuse, and when another man was being interviewed, he said men and women are equal and that he is firmly opposed to domestic violence. But everyone knew they were taking part in a carefully choreographed dance. The woman was married and the man was married, but the two of them had been having inappropriate relations for a long time. Example 2: A:

美、日元首的新闻发布会就像唱双簧，表面上好像有些分歧意见， 本质上是一个立场。

A: Mgi, Rì yuánshiu de xcnwén fabùhuì jiù xiàng chàngshuanghuáng, bifomiànshàng hfoxiàng yiu xib fbnqí yìjiàn, bgnzhìshàng shì yígè lìchfng. A: The press conference held by the US and Japanese heads of state was like a carefully choreographed dance. On the face of it, it seemed as though there were some divergent opinions, but, in essence, they have the same position. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.



Entries 309 – 310: 开空白支票 and 保护伞 239 309. 开空白支票 (開空白支票)  kai kòng bái zhc piào

Translated character by character, 开空白支票 means ‘write-blank-check,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to make a promise one cannot keep.’ Its functional translation is ‘to write a check one can’t cash.’ Example 1: A:

他对员工许诺说如果公司今年盈利，年底会多发一个月的工资作为 奖金。谁知道他开出的是一张空白支票，盈利是盈利了，可是奖金 根本没有。

A: Ta duì yuángdng xjnuò shud rúgui gdngsc jcnnián yínglì, niándh huì dud fa yígè yuè de gdngzc zuòwéi jifngjcn. Shuízhcdào ta kai che de shì yì zhang kòngbái zhcpiào, yínglì shì yínglì le, kgshì jifngjcn gbnbgn méiyiu. A: He promised his employees that if the company made a profit this year, he would give an extra month’s pay to each employee as a bonus. Who knew he was writing a check he couldn’t cash? While the company made a profit, there was no bonus. Example 2: A: B:

我保证三个月之内把本钱及利息全部还给你。 你也不用给我开空白支票了，咱们白纸黑字写下来好不好？

A: Wi bfozhèng san gè yuè zhcnèi bf bgnqián jí lìxc quánbù hái ggi nh. B: Nh yg búyòng ggi wi kai kòngbái zhcpiào le, zánmen báizhh-hbizì xig xiàlái hfo bù hfo? A: I promise I will repay all of the capital with interest to you within three months. B: Don’t write me a check you can’t cash. Let’s put it in writing, OK? Usage: Functions as predicate. Variant: 开空头支票 Note: Neutral in meaning.

310. 保护伞 (保護傘)  bfo hù sfn Translated character by character, 保护伞 means ‘protective-umbrella,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘something providing legal or political cover for someone.’ Example 1: A:

现在有的警察充当黑社会的保护伞。

240  Entry 311: 一个萝卜一个坑 A: Xiànzài yiude jhngchá chdngdang hbishèhuì de bfohùsfn. A: Now, some cops run interference for the underworld. Example 2: A:

有的公司明目张胆地制假售假，就是因为有政府官员为他们当保护 伞。

A: Yiude gdngsc míngmù-zhangdfn de zhìjif shòujif, jiùshì ycnwèi yiu zhèngfj guanyuán wèi tamen dang bfohùsfn. A: Some companies openly produce and sell counterfeit goods because they have government officials running interference for them. Usage: Functions mainly as object. Note: Neutral in meaning.

311. 一个萝卜一个坑 (一個蘿蔔一個坑)  yí gè luóbo yí gè kbng Translated character by character, 一个萝卜一个坑 means ‘one-MW-turnip-one-MWhole,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘each has his own task and there’s nobody to spare.’ Example 1: A: B:

经理，我想请两天假去参加我表弟的婚礼。 小李，你知道，咱们公司缺人手，一个萝卜一个坑，你休假，只好 我去做你的工作了。

A: Jcnglh, wi xifng qhng lifng tian jià qù canjia wi bifodì de henlh. B: Xifo Lh, nh zhcdao, zánmen gdngsc qub rénshiu, yígè luóbo yígè kbng, nh xiejià, zhhhfo wi qù zuò nhde gdngzuò le. A: Manager, I’d like to take two days’ leave to attend my cousin’s wedding. B: Little Li, you know, our company is short-handed; each person has their own task and there’s nobody to spare. If you take time off, I’ll have to do your work myself. Example 2: A: B:

这次考核，他怎么那么紧张？ 你想，他的工作那么好，并且只有几个位置，一个萝卜一个坑 ，你 走了，有的是人想占那个位置。

A: Zhècì kfohé, ta zgnme nàme jhnzhang? B: Nh xifng, tade gdngzuò nàme hfo, bìngqig zhhyiu jh gè wèizhì, yígè luóbo yígè kbng, nh ziu le, yiudeshì rén xifng zhàn nàge wèizhì.



Entry 312: 狗咬狗 241

A: Why is he so nervous about this evaluation? B: Think about it. He’s got such a good job and there are only a few positions. Every position is filled. If you leave, there will be plenty of people who want to take that position. Usage: Mostly used singly. Note: Neutral in meaning. Since the 1990s, Beijing’s charter middle schools have been harder than ever to get into. As these schools choose from academically qualified students with an electronic lottery, students must not only be very intelligent, but also very lucky to get in. Parents who were concerned with their children’s education soon realized that they could improve their children’s chances of being accepted if they enrolled them in afterschool tutoring classes offered by these charter schools. Therefore, parents scrambled to enroll their children in these classes. Parents call these kinds of classes ‘坑班’ or ‘占坑班.’

312. 狗咬狗 (狗咬狗)  giu yfo giu Translated character by character 狗咬狗 means ‘dog-bite-dog,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb is ‘a fight between two bad people.’ Its functional translation is ‘dogfight.’ Example 1: A: B:

他们两个人吵起来了。 他们是狗咬狗，没一个好东西。

A: Tamen lifng gè rén chfo qhlái le. B: Tamen shì giuyfogiu, méi yígè hfoddngxi. A: The two of them started fighting. B: It’s a dogfight. Neither of them is a good person. Example 2: A: B:

他们两派互相攻击得厉害。 让他们狗咬狗去吧，最好都咬死。

A: Tamen lifng pài hùxiang gdngjc de lìhai. B: Ràng tamen giuyfogiu qù ba, zuìhfo ddu yfo sh. A: Their two camps are attacking each other fiercely. B: Let them have a dogfight. Let’s hope they kill each other. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Derogatory and humorous in meaning.

242  Entries 313 – 314: 唱高调 and 打水漂 313. 唱高调 (唱高調)  chàng gao diào Translated character by character, 唱高调 means ‘sing-high-pitch,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to say something that sounds good but not act in such a way as to back it up.’ Its functional translation is ‘to posture.’ Example 1: A: B:

她说她管理的那家非赢利组织的利润都捐给贫困人口了。 净唱高调。我看钱都让她挥霍了，剩下的几毛钱可能捐出去了。

A: Ta shud ta gufnlh de nà jia fbiyínglì zjzhc de lìrùn ddu juan ggi pínkùn rénkiu le. B: Jìng chànggaodiào. Wi kàn qián ddu ràng ta huchuò le, shèngxià de jh máo qián kgnéng juan cheqù le. A: She said the non-profit organization she runs donates all of its profits to the underprivileged. B: She’s just posturing. I think she blows all of the money and maybe donates the few cents that are left over. Example 2: A: B:

他说要把公司员工的利益放在第一位。 唱高调呢。他的做法却是把他自己的分红放在第一位。

A: Ta shud yào bf gdngsc yuángdng de lìyì fàng zài dì-yc wèi. B: Chànggaodiào ne. Ta de zuòff què shì bf ta zìjh de fbnhóng fàng zài dì-yc wèi. A: He said he was going to put the interests of the company’s employees first. B: He’s posturing. What he really does is put his own dividends first. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

314. 打水漂 (打水漂)  df shuh piao Translated character by character, 打水漂 means ‘play-water-skipping stones,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to make ducks and drakes of.’ Example 1: A: B:

你那笔投资赚了多少钱？ 甭提了，都打水漂了。

A: Nh nà bh tóuzc zuànle dudshfo qián? B: Béng tí le, ddu dfshuhpiao le.



Entry 315: 开小差 243

A: How much did he make from that investment? B: Don’t mention it. He made ducks and drakes of it. Example 2: A: B:

现在股市低迷，正是买股票的大好时机。你从银行借钱也得买。 我从银行借的钱如果打了水漂，那我怎么还啊？

A: Xiànzài gjshì dcmí, zhèng shì mfi gjpiào de dà hfo shíjc. Nh cóng yínháng jièqián yg dgi mfi. B: Wi cóng yínháng jiè de qián rúgui df le shuhpiao, nà wi zgnme huán a? A: The stock market is depressed. Now is a very good opportunity to buy stocks. Even if you have to borrow from the bank, you need to buy. B: If I make ducks and drakes of the money I borrow from the bank, how will I pay it back? Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.

315. 开小差 (開小差)  kai xifo chai Translated character by character, 开小差 means ‘grant-secret-leave,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to be distracted or unfocused.’ Its functional translation is ‘to let one’s mind wander,’ or ‘to zone out.’ Example 1: A: B:

司机开车的时候脑子不能开小差，否则太危险。 外科医生做手术的时候更不能，如果开小差，那受伤的可不是自 己，而是病人。

A: Scjc kaichb de shíhòu nfozi bùnéng kaixifochai, fiuzé tài wbixifn. B: Wàikb ycshbng zuò shiushù de shíhòu gèng bùnéng, rúgui kaixifochai, nà shòushang de kg búshì zìjh, érshì bìngrén. A: When driving, a driver can’t zone out, otherwise it’s too dangerous. B: Even more so when a surgeon is performing surgery. If they zone out, it won’t be them that gets hurt, but their patient. Example 2: A: B:

你们单位领导讲话有意思吗？ 一点儿意思都没有。他讲话的时候下边的人都开小差，玩儿手机游 戏的，递小纸条的，闭目养神的，干什么的都有，就是没有听讲话 的。

244  Entry 316: 两面派 A: Nhmen danwèi lhngdfo jifnghuà yiu yìsi ma? B: Yìdifnr yìsi ddu méiyiu. Ta jifnghuà de shíhòu xiàbian de rén ddu kaixifochai, wánr shiujc yóuxì de, dì xifo zhhtiáo de, bìmù-yfngshén de, gàn shénme de ddu yiu, jiùshì méiyiu tcng jifnghuà de. A: Is your work unit’s boss an interesting speaker? B: Not at all. When he speaks, the audience zones out, playing cell phone games, passing notes, and resting their eyes. People do all kinds of things, except listen. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

316. 两面派 (兩面派)  lifng miàn pài Translated character by character, 两面派 means ‘double-face-person/style,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘double-dealer,’ or ‘double dealing.’ Example 1: A: B: A:

对他要小心一点儿。 为什么？ 他是个典型的两面派，说话不可靠。

A: Duì ta yào xifoxcn yìdifnr. B: Wèishénme? A: Ta shì gè difnxíng de lifngmiànpài, shudhuà bù kgkào. A: You need to be a little careful with him. B: Why? A: He’s a typical double-dealer. You can’t trust what he says. Example 2: A:

在这个问题上，外交部耍两面派手法，一方面对国内的民众说支持某 国的学生运动；另一方面又偷偷地与该国的军政府保持密切联系。

A: Zài zhègè wèntí shàng, wàijiaobù shuf lifngmiànpài shiuff, ycfangmiàn duì guónèi de mínzhòng shud zhcchí miu guó de xuéshbng yùndòng; lìngycfangmiàn yòu tdutdu de yj gai guó de jenzhèngfj bfochí mìqiè liánxì. A: In this case, the Foreign Ministry employed double dealing methods. On the one hand, they said to their citizens that they supported some country’s student movement; on the other hand, they secretly maintained their close ties with that country’s military junta. Usage: Functions as attributive, predicative or object. Note: Derogatory in meaning.



Entries 317 – 318: 一盘散沙 and 和稀泥 245 317. 一盘散沙 (一盤散沙)  yì pán sfn sha

Translated character by character, 一盘散沙 means ‘a-plate-loose-sands,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to be in a state of disunity.’ Example 1: A: B:

他们人很多。 不用担心，人虽然多，但是是一盘散沙。

A: Tamen rén hgndud. B: Búyòng danxcn, rén sucrán dud, dànshì shì yì pán sfnsha. A: There are a lot of them. B: Don’t worry. While there are a lot of them, they’re in a state of disunity. Example 2: A:

有人认为一个中国人很可能是一条龙，可是一群中国人却是一盘散沙。

A: Yiurén rènwéi yígè Zhdngguórén hgn kgnéng shì yì tiáo lóng, kgshì yì qún Zhdngguórén què shì yì pán sfnsha. A: Some people think one Chinese person can be a dragon, but a group of Chinese actually has no cohesion. Usage: Functions mainly as predicative. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

318. 和稀泥 (和稀泥)  huò xc ní Translated character by character, 和稀泥 means ‘mix-thin-mud,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to mediate a dispute without determining fault.’ Its functional translation is ‘to paper over something.’ Example 1: A:

两个人吵了起来，有人赶快上来和稀泥，说：“哟，下班时间都过 了，你们两个人是为了公事吵。我看你们先各自回家，明天上班以 后再吵好不好？”

A: Lifng gè rén chfole qhlái, yiu rén gfnkuài shànglái huòxcní, shud: “yò, xiàban shíjian ddu guò le, nhmen lifng gè rén shì wèile gdngshì chfo. Wi kàn nhmen xian gèzì huíjia, míngtian shàngban yhhòu zài chfo hfobuhfo?” A: When two people started fighting, someone quickly stepped forward to paper over the issue, saying, “Hey, the work day’s over, you two are fighting over work issues. I think you two should both go home, and when work starts tomorrow, you can continue fighting, OK?”

246  Entry 319: 敲竹杠 Example 2: A:

双方争执不下，他就在中间和稀泥，反正不明确表态到底站在哪一 方。

A: Shuangfang zhbngzhí búxià, ta jiù zài zhdngjian huòxcní, ffnzhèng bù míngquè bifotài dàodh zhàn zài nf yì fang. A: Two sides were in the middle of an argument, so he papered over the issue between them. However, he didn’t clearly express which side he stood with. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

319. 敲竹杠 (敲竹杠)  qiao zhú gàng Translated character by character, 敲竹杠 means ‘knock-bamboo-pole,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to extract money from someone,’ or ‘to charge an exorbitantly high price.’ Its functional translation is ‘to fleece,’ or ‘highway robbery.’ Example 1: A: B:

刚才市政府来了两个人，说是请咱们公司为什么什么活动赞助一下。 又是来敲竹杠的。不过，怎么也得表示一下，要不然会麻烦不断。

A: Gangcái shìzhèngfj láile lifng gè rén, shud shì qhng zánmen gdngsc wèi shénme shénme huódòng zànzhù yíxià. B: Yòu shì lái qiaozhúgàng de. Búguò, zgnme yg dgi bifoshì yíxià, yàobùrán huì máfan búduàn. A: Two people from the municipal government just came by. They said they were asking our company to sponsor some event. B: They came to fleece us again. Anyways, we have to make a show of it, otherwise we’ll have endless trouble. Example 2: A: B: A:

昨天我被当地老百姓敲了一次竹杠。 怎么回事？ 他们那里修路，大路不通。他们跟我要了二百块钱，才把我从小路 带过去。

A: Zuótian wi bèi dangdì lfobfixìng qiaole yí cì zhúgàng. B: Zgnme huí shì? A: Tamen nàlh xielù, dàlù bù tdng. Tamen gbn wi yàole èrbfi kuài qián, cái bf wi cóng xifolù dài guòqù.



Entry 320: 扯后腿 247

A: I got fleeced by the locals there yesterday. B: What happened? A: They’re fixing the road there, and the main road is closed. They asked me for 200 RMB to take me through the back roads. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Derogatory in meaning. There are many stories regarding the etymology of ‘敲竹杠.’ One such etymology is as follows: In the mountainous region of Sichuan, when wealthy people went into the mountains to burn incense, they sat on a palanquin made of bamboo which was carried by palanquin bearers. When they got halfway up the mountain, the palanquin bearers would fleece their passengers for more money, refusing to carry on without a raise. The passengers had no option but to pay up.

320. 扯后腿 (扯後腿)  chg hòu tuh Translated character by character, 扯后腿 means ‘pull-back-leg,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to hold someone back.’ Example 1: A: B:

他办事怎么这么不爽快？ 不是他不爽快，而是他老婆总扯后腿。

A: Ta bànshì zgnme zhème bù shufngkuài? B: Búshì ta bù shufngkuài, érshì ta lfopo zing chghòutuh. A: Why is he so indecisive? B: It’s not that he’s indecisive, but rather that his wife is always holding him back. Example 2: A: B:

看来他要大刀阔斧地改革了。 没那么容易，他想改革，可是扯后腿的多着呢。

A: Kànlái ta yào dàdao-kuòfj de gfigé le. B: Méi nàme róngyì, ta xifng gfigé, kgshì chghòutuh de dud zhe ne. A: I think he wants to boldly and resolutely institute reforms. B: It’s not that easy. He wants to reform, but there are many people holding him back. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

248  Entries 321 – 322: 穿小鞋 and 给他一点颜色看看 321. 穿小鞋 (穿小鞋)  chuan xifo xié Translated character by character, 穿小鞋 means ‘wear-small-shoes,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to create trouble for someone.’ Its functional translation is ‘to stack the deck against someone.’ Example 1: A: B: A:

我受不了了。 怎么了？ 他老是给我穿小鞋，存心给我制造麻烦。

A: Wi shòu bùlifo le. B: Zgnme le? A: Ta lfoshì ggi wi chuanxifoxié, cúnxcn ggi wi zhìzào máfan. A: I can’t take it anymore! B: What’s wrong? A: He’s always stacking the deck against me, deliberately making trouble for me. Example 2: A: B:

他为人怎么样？ 不太公正，谁惹了他他就给谁穿小鞋。

A: Ta wéirén zgnmeyàng? B: Bú tài gdngzhèng, shéi rgle ta ta jiù ggi shéi chuanxifoxié. A: What kind of person is he? B: Not very fair. If anyone annoys him, he’ll stack the deck against them. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

322. 给他一点颜色看看 (給他一點顏色看看)  ggi ta yì difn yánsè kàn kàn Translated character by character, 给他一点颜色看看 means ‘give-him-a-bit-colorsee-see,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to punish someone for what they’ve done.’ Its functional translation is ‘to take someone down a peg,’ or ‘to fix someone’s wagon.’ Example 1: A: B:

他也太狂了！ 我们给他一点颜色看看，让他以后老实点儿。



Entry 323: 天高皇帝远 249

A: Ta yg tài kuáng le! B: Wimen ggi ta yìdifn yánsè kànkan, ràng ta yhhòu lfoshi difnr. A: He’s just too arrogant! B: Let’s take him down a peg and make him a little more obedient in the future. Example 2: A: B:

我们做什么，他总是反对。 他存心跟我们过意不去，那我们就给他一点颜色看看。

A: Wimen zuò shénme, ta zingshì ffnduì. B: Ta cúnxcn gbn wimen guòyìbúqù, nà wimen jiù ggi ta yìdifn yánsè kànkan. A: Whatever we do, he always opposes us. B: He’s deliberately causing trouble for us, so let’s fix his wagon. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.

323. 天高皇帝远 (天高皇帝遠)  tian gao huángdì yufn Translated character by character, 天高皇帝远 means ‘heaven-high-emperor-far away,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘when one is far away from authority, the powers that be will not intervene.’ Example 1: A: B:

有些地方领导怎么那么大胆，连违法的事都敢做？ 中国太大了，天高皇帝远，中央政府对偏远地区的地方政府控制不 够。

A: Yiuxib dìfang lhngdfo zgnme nàme dàdfn, lián wéiff de shì ddu gfn zuò? B: Zhdngguó tài dà le, tian gao huángdì yufn, zhdngyang zhèngfj duì pianyufn dìqe de dìfang zhèngfj kòngzhì búgòu. A: How are some regional leaders so bold? They even dare to do illegal things. B: China’s too big; when one is far away from authority, the powers that be will not intervene. The central government doesn’t exercise enough control over the governments of far-flung areas. Example 2: A: B:

你们部门的人工作效率不高啊！ 我们这块儿山高皇帝远，公司不重视，干好干坏一个样。

A: Nhmen bùmén de rén gdngzuò xiàolq bù gao a! B: Wimen zhè kuàir shan gao huángdì yufn, gdngsc bú zhòngshì, gàn hfo gàn huài yígè yàng.

250  Entry 324: 拣软柿子捏 A: The efficiency of your division’s workers is low! B: Because they are far away, the management doesn’t bother us; the company doesn’t pay attention. Whether we do a good job or a bad job, it’s all the same. Usage: Functions as predicate. Variant: 山高皇帝远 Note: Neutral in meaning.

324. 拣软柿子捏 (撿軟柿子捏)  jifn rufn shìzi nib Translated character by character, 拣软柿子捏 means ‘pick-soft-persimmon-to pinch,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to run after a train with a full mouth.’ Its functional translation is ‘to pick on an easy target.’ Example 1: A: B:

这次裁员，就我们小组被裁的人多。 倒霉啊！咱们小组的头儿废物，上头也是专拣软柿子捏啊！

A: Zhècì cáiyuán, jiù wimen xifozj bèi cái de rén dud. B: Dfoméi a! Zánmen xifozj de tóur fèiwu, shàngtou yg shì zhuan jifn rufnshìzi nib a! A: There were more layoffs in our group in this round of cuts. B: What a mess! Our group leader is useless. The guys upstairs are just picking on an easy target. Example 2: A: B:

大家都迟到了，领导为什么只批评我？ 谁叫你那么老实来着，领导总是拣软柿子捏。

A: Dàjia ddu chídào le, lhngdfo wèishénme zhh pcpíng wi? B: Shéi jiào nh nàme lfoshí láizhe, lhngdfo zingshì jifn rufnshìzi nib. A: Everyone was late, why did the leader only chastise me? B: Who made you so naïve? The boss always picks on easy targets. Usage: Functions as predicate. Variant: 挑软柿子捏(挑 tiao, to pick) Note: Neutral in meaning. 软柿子 alone is a colloquial expression, meaning ‘coward, pushover (person).’



Entries 325 – 326: 打马虎眼 and 千里马 251 325. 打马虎眼 (打馬虎眼)  df mfhu yfn

Translated character by character, 打马虎眼 means ‘act-careless-eye,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to pretend not to know what someone is talking about,’ or ‘to seek to deceive someone.’ Its functional translation is ‘to play dumb,’ or ‘to demur.’ Example 1: A: B: A:

这项任务能不能按时完成？ 大家正在努力做。 你别给我打马虎眼。我问你能不能完成，只要回答“能”或者“不 能”就行了。

A: Zhè xiàng rènwù néngbùnéng ànshí wánchéng? B: Dàjia zhèng zài njlì zuò. A: Nh bié ggi wi df mfhuyfn. Wi wèn nh néngbùnéng wánchéng, zhhyào huídá “néng” huòzhg “bùnéng” jiù xíng le. A: Can this task be completed on time? B: Everyone is working hard on it now. A: Don’t play dumb. I asked you if it could be completed; you only need to answer with a “yes” or a “no.” Example 2: A:

别人跟她聊工作，她聊得很细。但是当被人问她收入的时候，她打 了个马虎眼，说“还可以”。

A: Biérén gbn ta liáo gdngzuò, ta liáo de hgn xì. Dànshì dang biérén wèn ta shdurù de shíhòu, ta dfle gè mfhjyfn, shud “hái kgyh”. A: When other people talk shop with her, she gets into the details, but when she’s asked what her income is, she demurs, saying, “It’s OK.” Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

326. 千里马 (千里馬)  qian lh mf Translated character by character, 千里马 means ‘thousand-mile-horse,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘a person (particularly a young person) of great talent.’ Its functional translation is ‘wunderkind,’ or ‘prodigy.’

252  Entry 327: 打擦边球 Example 1: A: B:

这个年轻人怎么样？ 我认为是匹千里马，前途无限。

A: Zhègè niánqcngrén zgnmeyàng? B: Wi rènwéi shì ph qianlhmf, qiántú wúxiàn. A: What’s that young person like? B: I think he’s a prodigy. His potential is limitless. Example 2: A:

领导的一部分职责就是在下属中发现千里马，然后好好培养。

A: Lhngdfo de yíbùfbn zhízé jiùshì zài xiàshj zhdng faxiàn qianlhmf, ránhòu hfohao péiyfng. A: Part of a leader’s responsibility is to uncover prodigies among his subordinates and train them well. Usage: Nominal element, functions as predicative or object. Note: Complimentary in meaning. 327. 打擦边球 (打擦邊球)  df ca bian qiú Translated character by character, 打擦边球 means ‘hit-brush-edge-ball,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to push the limits of rules or laws.’ Its functional translation is ‘to push the envelope.’ Example 1: A:

有的公司利用国家有关法律、法规不严谨的空子，专门打法律的擦 边球。

A: Yiude gdngsc lìyòng guójia yiuguan fflq, ffguc bù yánjhn de kòngzi, zhuanmén df fflq de cabianqiú. A: Some companies use the loopholes in the relevant laws and regulations of a country, intentionally pushing the legal envelope. Example 2:

他对别人说上级领导应该充分发掘下级的潜力，否则就称不上是一 个令人信服的上级。 B: 他是在打擦边球，是批评我专权。 A:

A: Ta duì biérén shud shàngjí lhngdfo ycnggai chdngfèn fajué xiàjí de qiánlì, fiuzé jiù chbng búshàng shì yígè lìng rén xìnfú de shàngjí. B: Ta shì zài df cabianqiú, shì pcpíng wi zhuanquán.



Entry 328: 摸着石头过河 253

A: He tells other people that high-level leaders should fully develop the potential of their inferiors, otherwise they cannot be called an inspiring leader. B: He’s pushing the envelope, criticizing my monopoly on power. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

328. 摸着石头过河 (摸著石頭過河)  md zhe shítou guò hé Translated character by character, 摸着石头过河 means ‘touch-ing-stones-cross-river,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to learn something by trial and error.’ As this proverb was made famous by Deng Xiaoping, it is generally delivered according to its character by character translation, ‘to cross the river by touching stones.’ Example 1: A:

邓小平说中国的改革开放得摸着石头过河，因为以前没有现成的经 验。

A: Dèng Xifopíng shud Zhdngguó de Gfigé Kaifàng dgi mdzhe shítou guò hé, ycnwèi yhqián méiyiu xiànchéng de jcngyàn. A: Deng Xiaoping said China’s Reform and Opening needed to cross the river by touching stones, because the country had no relevant experience. Example 2: A: B:

你对这个计划有信心吗？ 说实话，我心里也没底，咱们就摸着石头过河，走一步看一步吧。

A: Nh duì zhègè jìhuà yiu xìnxcn ma? B: Shud shíhuà, wi xcnli yg méidh, zánmen jiù mdzhe shítou guò hé, ziu yí bù kàn yí bù ba. A: Are you confident in this plan? B: To be honest, I’m not sure. Let’s just cross the river by touching stones and play it by ear. Usage: Functions as predicate. Variant: 摸石头过河 Note: Neutral in meaning.

254  Entries 329 – 330: 半路出家 and 老狐狸 329. 半路出家 (半路出家)  bàn lù che jia Translated character by character, 半路出家 means ‘middle-road-become-monk,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to move into a field one is not familiar with.’ Its functional translation is ‘mid-life career change.’ Example 1: A: B:

她的画真棒，一定从小就有名师指点。 不是，她四十多岁才学画，是半路出家。

A: Ta de huà zhbn bàng, yídìng cóngxifo jiù yiu míngshc zhhdifn. B: Búshì, ta sìshí dud suì cái xué huà, shì bànlù chejia. A: Her paintings are really great. She must have been tutored by a master from a young age. B: No, she only learned how to paint in her 40s. It was a mid-life career change. Example 2: A:

他原来是学物理的，后来半路出家，搞起了法律。

A: Ta yuánlái shì xué wùlh de, hòulái bànlù chejia, gfoqhle fflq. A: He used to be a physics student, then he made a mid-life career change and took up law. Usage: Functions mainly as predicative or predicate. Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.

330. 老狐狸 (老狐狸)  lfo húli Translated character by character, 老狐狸 means ‘old-fox,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘sly old fox.’ Example 1: A: B:

我觉得他挺和蔼的。 别上他的当，他是只老狐狸。

A: Wi juéde ta thng hé’fi de. B: Bié shàng ta de dàng, ta shì zhc lfohúli. A: I think he’s very affable. B: Don’t be taken in by him. He’s a sly old fox.



Entries 331 – 332: 一窝蜂 and 开夜车 255

Example 2: A:

他是生意场上的老狐狸，骗人无数。

A: Ta shì shbngyìchfng shàng de lfohúli, piànrén wúshù. A: He’s the sly old fox of the business world, having cheated countless people. Usage: Nominal element, functions as predicative. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

331. 一窝蜂 (一窩蜂)  yì wd fbng Translated character by character, 一窝蜂 means ‘a-hive of-bees,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘swarm.’ Example 1: A: B:

最近人们好像都疯了！ 一窝蜂似的去整容，好像谁的鼻子矮一点儿就是丑八怪了。

A: Zuìjìn rénmen hfoxiàng ddu fbng le! B: Yìwdfbng shìde qù zhgngróng, hfoxiàng shéi de bízi fi yìdifnr jiù shì chiubaguài le. A: It seems like everyone’s gone crazy recently! B: They’re going to get their makeup done in swarms. It seems like people believe that anyone whose nose looks small is a monster. Example 2: A:

看到这种商品大卖，不少商家一窝蜂地生产起了这种商品。

A: Kàn dào zhèzhing shangphn dà mài, bùshfo shangjia yìwdfbng de shbngchfn qhle zhèzhing shangphn. A: When they saw that this sort of merchandise was selling well, many store owners swarmed to produce it. Usage: Functions as adverbial. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

332. 开夜车 (開夜車)  kai yè chb Translated character by character, 开夜车 means ‘drive-night-car,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to work or study late into the night, sometimes for days in a row.’ Its functional translation is ‘to burn the midnight oil.’

256  Entry 333: 手心手背都是肉 Example 1: A: B:

报告明天就要交了，现在我还没写完呢。 我也没写完呢，今天得开夜车了。

A: Bàogào míngtian jiùyào jiao le, xiànzài wi hái méi xigwán ne. B: Wi yg méi xigwán ne, jcntian dgi kaiyèchb le. A: I have to turn in my report tomorrow and I still haven’t finished it. B: I also haven’t finished it. I’ll have to burn the midnight oil tonight. Example 2: A:

很多大学生平常学习不太努力，都是等到考试前几天开夜车。

A: Hgndud dàxuéshbng píngcháng xuéxí bú tài njlì, ddu shì dgngdào kfoshì qián jh tian kaiyèchb. A: A lot of college students ordinarily don’t study very diligently, waiting until the days before a test to burn the midnight oil. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Neutral in meaning.

333. 手心手背都是肉 (手心手背都是肉)  shiu xcn shiu bèi ddu shì ròu Translated character by character, 手心手背都是肉 means ‘hand-palm-hand-backall-are-flesh,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to be unable to choose between two choices.’ Its functional translation is ‘a tough call.’ Example 1: A: B:

你的两个孩子打架打得那么厉害，你怎么不惩罚一下理亏的那个？ 我舍不得啊！手心手背都是肉，让我惩罚哪个我都不忍心。

A: Nhde lifng gè háizi dfjià df de nàme lìhai, nh zgnme bù chéngfá yíxià lhkuc de nàgè? B: Wi shgbùdé a! Shiuxcn shiubèi ddu shì ròu, ràng wi chéngfá nf gè wi ddu bù rgnxcn. A: Your two children are fighting so intensely, why don’t you punish whichever one is in the wrong? B: I couldn’t stand it! It’s a tough call; I couldn’t bear to punish either. Example 2: A:

国家也很为难，不管是城市居民，还是农民，手心手背都是肉，国 家都不忍心使他们受到伤害。



Entries 334 – 335: 缩头乌龟 and 走过场 257

A: Guójia yg hgn wéinán, bùgufn shì chéngshì jemín, háishì nóngmín, shiuxcn shiubèi ddu shì ròu, guójia ddu bù rgnxcn shh tamen shòudào shanghài. A: It’s also difficult for the country. Whether it’s the city-dwellers or the rural population, it’s a tough call. The country can’t bear to subject any of them to harm. Usage: Used singly. Note: Neutral in meaning.

334. 缩头乌龟 (縮頭烏龜)  sud tóu weguc Translated character by character, 缩头乌龟 means ‘withdraw-head-tortoise,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘a cowardly or easily frightened person.’ Its functional translation is ‘a chicken,’ or ‘a scaredy cat.’ Example 1: A: B:

他在故意挑衅你，你不要上他的当。 不行，如果我当缩头乌龟，以后怎么见别人？

A: Ta zài gùyì tifoxìn nh, nh búyào shàng ta de dàng. B: Bùxíng, rúgui wi dang sud tóu weguc, yhhòu zgnme jiàn biérén? A: He’s intentionally provoking you. Don’t fall for it. B: No. If I’m a chicken, how could I face people? Example 2: A:

别看他平时好像牛哄哄的，可是在外国人面前就像个缩头乌龟，连 个屁都不敢放。

A: Bié kàn ta píngshí hfoxiàng niúhdnghdng de, kgshì zài wàiguórén miànqián jiù xiàng gè sud tóu weguc, lián gè pì ddu bùgfn fàng. A: Although he normally seems cocky, he’s a chicken in the company of foreigners. He doesn’t dare make a peep. Usage: Functions mainly as object of verbs like ‘成了,’ ‘当,’ or ‘做.’ Note: Derogatory in meaning.

335. 走过场 (走過場)  ziu guò chfng Translated character by character, 走过场 means ‘go-interlude,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to act as though one is doing something, but

258  Entry 336: 做文章 not work hard.’ Its functional translation is ‘to go through the motions,’ or ‘to do something as a formality.’ Example 1: A: B:

下个星期上级来检查，我们得好好准备准备。 不用紧张，这都是走过场，关键是要招待好。

A: Xià gè xcngqc shàngjí lái jifnchá, wimen dgi hfohao zhjnbèi zhjnbèi. B: Búyòng jhnzhang, zhè ddushì ziuziu guòchang, guanjiàn shì yào zhaodài hfo. A: Next week the higher-ups are coming to do an inspection. We need to prepare well. B: Don’t worry, this is just a formality. What’s crucial is that we receive them well. Example 2:

国会里自由党和保守党对政府预算赤字已经辩论好几天了，如果明 天还达不成协议，政府就要关门了，真让人紧张。 B: 放松，放松，肯定会达成协议的。其实协议早就达成了，现在不过 是走过场，好让选民觉得他们在代表选民说话。 A:

A: Guóhuì lh Zìyóudfng hé Bfoshiudfng duì zhèngfj yùsuàn chìzì yhjcng biànlùn hfo jh tian le, rúgui míngtian hái dá bù chéng xiéyì, zhèngfj jiù yào guanmén le, zhbn ràng rén jhnzhang. B: Fàngsdng, fàngsdng, kgndìng huì dáchéng xiéyì de. Qíshí xiéyì zfojiù dáchéng le, xiànzài búguò shì ziu guòchang, hfo ràng xufnmín juéde tamen zài dàibifo xufnmín shudhuà. A: The liberal and conservative parties have already been debating the government budget deficit in Congress for a number of days. If they still haven’t reached an agreement by tomorrow, the government will close. It’s nerve-racking. B: Relax, relax. They’ll definitely come to an agreement. In fact, they came to an agreement long ago; now they’re just going through the motions to make voters believe they are representing constituent interests. Usage: Functions mainly as predicate. Note: Neutral in meaning.

336. 做文章 (做文章)  zuò wénzhang Translated character by character, 做文章 means ‘write-composition,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to make a big deal of something.’ Its functional translation is ‘to seize on,’ or ‘to make an issue of something.’



Entry 337: 吃大锅饭 259

Example 1: A: B:

请您对我们面包店的发展提出宝贵的意见。 你们的长处是声誉好，所以可以在形象上大作文章；至于面包的品 种，可以逐渐多样化。

A: Qhng nín duì wimen miànbaodiàn de fazhfn tíche bfoguì de yìjiàn. B: Nhmen de chángchù shì shbngyù hfo, suiyh kgyh zài xíngxiàng shàng dà zuò wénzhang; zhìyú miànbao de phnzhing, kgyh zhújiàn dudyànghuà. A: Please give us your valuable insights on our bakery’s development. B: Your strong point is that you have a good reputation, so you can really seize on that image. As for your assortment of breads, you can slowly diversify. Example 2: A: B:

他在搜集你上大学时的言论，好像想在这方面攻击你。 嗯，想在这方面做文章，用心真是险恶啊。

A: Ta zài sdují nh shàng dàxué shí de yánlùn, hfoxiàng xifng zài zhè fangmiàn gdngjc nh. B: Èn, xifng zài zhè fangmiàn zuòwénzhang, yòngxcn zhbn shì xifn’è a. A: He’s gathering your speeches from when you were in college. It seems like he wants to attack you on that. B: Yeah. If he’s looking to make an issue of this, his intentions really are sinister. Usage: Functions as predicate. Variant: 作文章 Note: Slightly derogatory or neutral in meaning.

337. 吃大锅饭 (吃大鍋飯)  chc dà gud fàn Translated character by character, 吃大锅饭 means ‘eat-big-pot-meal,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to be compensated without regard to performance.’ Example 1: A: B:

你们公司怎么样？ 不怎么样。干好干坏都一样，吃大锅饭。

A: Nhmen gdngsc zgnmeyàng? B: Bù zgnmeyàng. Gàn hfo gàn huài ddu yíyàng, chc dàgudfàn. A: What’s your company like? B: Not so good. Whether you do a good job or a bad job, it’s all the same. The compensation is not performance-based.

260  Entry 338: 戴高帽 Example 2: A: B:

你们饭馆得到的小费怎么分？ 吃大锅饭，平均分配。

A: Nhmen fàngufn dédào de xifofèi zgnme fbn? B: Chc dàgudfàn, píngjen fbnpèi. A: How do you divide up the tips the restaurant gets? B: It’s not performance-based; we divide them up equally. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

338. 戴高帽 (戴高帽)  dài gao mào Translated character by character, 戴高帽 means ‘put on-high-hat,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to overstate someone’s skills or standing.’ Its functional translation is ‘to oversell someone.’ Example 1: A: B:

老婆，你的厨艺天下第一。 你又给我戴高帽呢，在咱们家第一我就满足了。

A: Lfopó, nhde chúyì tianxià dì-yc. B: Nh yòu ggi wi dàigaomào ne, zài zánmen jia dì-yc wi jiù mfnzú le. A: Honey, you’re the best chef on earth. B: You’re overselling me again. I’m happy just to be the best in our home. Example 2: A:

现在的领导见了面，都是互相戴高帽，吹嘘了别人，也吹嘘了自 己。

A: Xiànzài de lhngdfo jiànle miàn, ddu shì hùxiang dàigaomào, chucxe le biérén, yg chucxe le zìjh. A: When today’s leaders meet, it’s all patting each other on the back. They boast about themselves while boasting about others. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.



Entries 339 – 340: 秋后算账 and 僧多粥少 261 339. 秋后算账 (秋後算賬)  qie hòu suàn zhàng

Translated character by character, 秋后算账 means ‘fall-after-calculate-bill,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to settle one’s accounts at an opportune moment.’ Its functional translation is ‘revenge is a dish best served cold.’ Example 1: A: B:

我跟老板的矛盾解决了，他没有生气。 现在没生气，但是得小心他秋后算账。

A: Wi gbn lfobfn de máodùn jigjué le, ta méiyiu shbngqì. B: Xiànzài méi shbngqì, dànshì dgi xifoxcn ta qie hòu suànzhàng. A: I’ve resolved my conflict with my boss and he didn’t get angry. B: He hasn’t yet, but be careful. Revenge is a dish best served cold. Example 2: A:

B国常常用所谓的人权问题指责C国。C国的策略是，在B国申请成为 联合国常任理事国问题上坚决反对，秋后算账。

A: B guó chángcháng yòng suiwèi de rénquán wèntí zhhzé C guó. C guó de cèlüè shì, zài B guó shbnqhng chéngwéi Liánhéguó Chángrèn Lhshìguó wèntí shàng jianjué ffnduì, qie hòu suànzhàng. A: Country B often uses so-called human rights issues to criticize country C. Country C’s strategy is to firmly oppose country B when they apply to become a standing member of the UN Security Council. Revenge is a dish best served cold. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory or neutral in meaning.

340. 僧多粥少 (僧多粥少)  sbng dud zhdu shfo Translated character by character, 僧多粥少 means ‘monk-many-porridge-little,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘a situation in which there is not enough of a desired commodity to go around.’ Its functional translation is ‘too many boats chasing too few fish.’ Example 1: A:

文秘市场僧多粥少，因此很多中文系文秘专业毕业的学生毕业就等 于失业。

A: Wénmì shìchfng sbng dud zhdu shfo, ycnch hgndud zhdngwénxì wénmì zhuanyè bìyè de xuéshbng bìyè jiù dgngyú shcyè.

262  Entry 341: 坐冷板凳 A: In the secretary market, there are too many boats chasing too few fish. So, a lot of Chinese Department graduates with secretary majors are unemployed after graduation. Example 2: A: B:

老刘，想想办法，把我的外甥女安排进你们单位。 老王，不是我不想帮啊，而是我们单位僧多粥少。实话告诉你，下 周就要裁三十人啊。

A: Lfo Liú, xifngxifng bànff, bf wide wàishbngnr anpái jìn nhmen danwèi. B: Lfo Wáng, búshì wi bù xifng bang a, érshì wimen danwèi sbng dud zhdu shfo. Shíhuà gàosù nh, xià zhdu jiù yào cái sanshí rén a. A: Old Liu, think of a way to use my niece in your work unit. B: Old Wang, it’s not that I don’t want to help you, but in our work unit, there are too many boats chasing too few fish. To tell you the truth, we’re going to have to lay off 30 people next week. Usage: Functions as predicate or attributive. Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.

341. 坐冷板凳 (坐冷板凳)  zuò lgng bfndèng Translated character by character, 坐冷板凳 means ‘sit-cold-bench,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to be ignored in an unimportant position.’ Its functional translation is ‘to be sidelined.’ Example 1: A:

搞基础研究的人必须能够坐得了冷板凳。

A: Gfo jcchj yánjie de rén bìxe nénggòu zuò de lifo lgngbfndèng. A: Those who do basic research need to be able to deal with sitting on the sidelines. Example 2: A:

他坐了十年冷板凳，终于写出了一本震惊世界的书。

A: Ta zuòle shí nián lgngbfndèng, zhdngyú xigchele yì bgn zhènjcng shìjiè de she. A: He was sidelined for ten years, but he finally wrote a book that shocked the world. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Neutral in meaning.



Entries 342 – 343: 不当家不知柴米贵 and 红眼病 263 342. 不当家不知柴米贵 (不當家不知柴米貴)  bù dang jia bù zhc chái mh guì

Translated character by character, 不当家不知柴米贵 means ‘not-run-householdnot-know-firewood-rice-expensive,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘if one is not in someone else’s situation, one cannot understand that person’s trouble.’ Example 1: A: B:

他儿子又跟他要钱买辆新车。 这个儿子太不争气了。不当家不知柴米贵，他老爸挣钱容易吗？

A: Ta érzh yòu gbn ta yào qián mfi liàng xcn chb. B: Zhègè érzh tài bù zhbngqì le. Bù dangjia bù zhc chái mh guì, ta lfobà zhèngqián róngyì ma? A: His son’s asking him for money again to buy a new car. B: That kid is such a disappointment. He doesn’t understand his father’s trouble. Money doesn’t grow on trees. Example 2: A: B:

老板，我们的福利不能再增加一点儿吗？ 增加？我还想减少呢！你真是不当家不知柴米贵，现在公司用钱的 地方太多了。

A: Lfobfn, wimen de fúlì bùnéng zài zbngjia yìdifnr ma? B: Zbngjia? Wi hái xifng jifnshfo ne! Nh zhbn shì bù dangjia bù zhc chái mh guì, xiànzài gdngsc yòngqián de dìfang tài dud le. A: Boss, can’t you increase our benefits a little bit? B: Increase them? I actually want to decrease them! You don’t understand my trouble. There are many things the company is going to spend a lot of money on now. Usage: Functions as predicate or predicative. Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning.

343. 红眼病 (紅眼病)  hóng yfn bìng Translated character by character, 红眼病 means ‘red-eye-illness,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘jealousy.’ Its functional translation is ‘the green-eyed monster.’

264  Entry 344: 葫芦里卖的是什么药 Example 1: A: B:

你得了奖，别人看起来好像很不高兴。 他们得了红眼病。

A: Nh déle jifng, biérén kàn qhlái hfoxiàng hgn bù gaoxìng. B: Tamen déle hóngyfnbìng. A: When you got the award, the others looked like they were very unhappy. B: They got a touch of the green-eyed monster. Example 2: A:

改革开放初期，有一小部分人先富了起来，结果不少人得了红眼病， 抱怨政府为什么那些人先富了而他们却没富。

A: Gfigé kaifàng cheqc, yiu yì xifo bùfèn rén xian fùle qhlái, jiégui bùshfo rén déle hóngyfnbìng, bàoyuàn zhèngfj wèishénme nàxib rén xian fùle ér tamen què méi fù. A: In the beginning of the Reform and Opening, there was a small portion of the population that became wealthy first, causing a lot of people to be bitten by the green-eyed monster and complain to the government about why those people got rich first and they still hadn’t. Usage: Functions as object. Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning.

344. 葫芦里卖的是什么药 (葫蘆裏賣的是什麽藥)  húlu lh mài de shì shénme yào Translated character by character, 葫芦里卖的是什么药 means ‘gourd-inside-sell-iswhat-medicine,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to not be able to see what someone has planned.’ Its functional translation is ‘to have something up one’s sleeve.’ Example 1: A: B:

她说她有一个好主意。你知道那是什么吗？ 不知道，不知道她葫芦里卖的是什么药。

A: Ta shud ta yiu yígè hfo zhúyì. Nh zhcdào nà shì shénme ma? B: Bù zhcdào, bù zhcdào ta húlu lh mài de shì shénme yào. A: She says she has a good idea. Do you know what it is? B: No. I don’t know what she has up her sleeve.



Entry 345: 三句话不离本行 265

Example 2: A: B:

他明天要跟你单独谈？ 对，但是我不知道他葫芦里卖的是什么药。

A: Ta míngtian yào gbn nh dandú tán? B: Duì, dànshì wi bù zhc dào ta húlu lh mài de shì shénme yào. A: He wants to talk with you alone tomorrow? B: Yeah, but I don’t know what he’s got up his sleeve. Usage: Functions mainly as object of ‘不知道.’ Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.

345. 三句话不离本行 (三句話不離本行)  san jù huà bù lí bgn háng Translated character by character, 三句话不离本行 means ‘three-MW-sentences-notaway-own-profession,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to hardly be able to talk about anything other than one’s work.’ Example 1:

今天咱们只聊中学时候的事儿，不许聊工作上的事。……听说，那 家公司的股票…… B: 你啊，三句话不离本行，不说股票你就受不了。 A:

A: Jcntian zánmen zhh liáo zhdngxué shíhòu de shìr, bùxj liáo gdngzuò shàng de shì. ……tcng shud, nà jia gdngsc de gjpiào …… B: Nh a, san jù huà bù lí bgnháng, bù shud gjpiào nh jiù shòu bùlifo. A: Today, we’re only going to talk about stuff from middle school; we’re not allowed to talk about work things  .  .  .  I heard that company’s stock  .  .  . B: You’re a shop talk junkie. You can’t stand not talking about stocks. Example 2: A:

她是电视台记者，跟人说话的时候，三句话不离本行，总是问别 人“最近有什么新鲜事吗？”

A: Ta shì diànshìtái jìzhg, gbn rén shudhuà de shíhòu, san jù huà bù lí bgnháng, zingshì wèn biérén “zuìjìn yiu shénme xcnxian shì ma?” A: She’s a TV reporter. When she’s talking with people, she can hardly talk about anything other than her work. She’s always asking others, “Has anything interesting happened recently?” Usage: Functions as predicate or used singly. Note: Slightly derogatory or neutral in meaning.

266  Entries 346 – 347: 糖衣炮弹 and 树倒猢狲散 346. 糖衣炮弹 (糖衣炮彈)  táng yc pào dàn Translated character by character, 糖衣炮弹 means ‘sugar-coated-cannon-shell,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘an advance that one has convinced another person to gladly accept through clever camouflage.’ Its functional translation is ‘a Trojan Horse.’ Example 1: A: B:

王局长最近好像对奢侈品和美女很感兴趣。 这是糖衣炮弹啊！作为政府官员，必须警惕这些东西。

A: Wáng júzhfng zuìjìn hfoxiàng duì shbchhphn hé mginr hgn gfn xìngqù. B: Zhè shì tángyc pàodàn a! Zuòwéi zhèngfj guanyuán, bìxe jhngtì zhèxib ddngxc. A: Director Wang seems to have become interested in luxury goods and beautiful women recently. B: It’s a Trojan Horse! As a government official, you need to be on the alert about these things. Example 2: A:

不少大学生被西方国家的民主与自由这两颗糖衣炮弹击中。

A: Búshfo dàxuéshbng bèi xcfang guójia de mínzhj yj zìyóu zhè lifng kb tángyc pàodàn jczhòng. A: Many college students have taken in the Trojan Horses of western countries, democracy and freedom. Usage: Nominal element, functions as predicative or object. Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning.

347. 树倒猢狲散 (樹倒猢猻散)  shù dfo húsen sàn Translated character by character, 树倒猢狲散 means ‘tree-fallen-monkey-scatter,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘when an influential person falls from power, those beneath him tend to flee.’ Its functional translation is ‘rats leaving a sinking ship.’ Example 1:

那个王牌节目主持人的栏目没被电视台续约，结果那个主持人手下 的人纷纷自谋出路。 B: 树倒猢狲散，以前的大树靠不住了。

A:

A: Nàgè wángpái jiémù zhjchírén de lánmù méi bèi diànshìtái xùyub, jiégui nàgè zhjchírén shiuxià de rén fbnfbn zìmóu-chelù. B: Shù dfo húsen sàn, yhián de dàshù kào búzhù le.



Entry 348: 硬骨头 267

A: That ace TV host’s program wasn’t picked up for another season by the station, so his subordinates found a way out. B: Rats leaving a sinking ship. What was once a great ship is now unstable. Example 2: A: B:

首相被逼下台，原来的内阁大臣们纷纷与他划清界线。 咳，树倒猢狲散，人啊，有时候挺无情的。

A: Shiuxiàng bèi bc xiàtái, yuánlái de nèigé dàchénmen fbnfbn yj ta huà qcng jièxiàn. B: Hài, shù dfo húsen sàn, rén a, yiushíhou thng wúqíng de. A: The prime minister was forced to step down. His former cabinet ministers severed ties with him. B: Oh, rats leaving a sinking ship. People are quite ruthless sometimes. Usage: Used singly. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

348. 硬骨头 (硬骨頭)  yìng gjtou Translated character by character, 硬骨头 means ‘hard-bone,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘a difficult issue,’ or ‘a person who doesn’t fold under pressure.’ Its functional translation is ‘a tough nut to crack,’ or ‘one tough cookie.’ Example 1: A: B:

这项研发任务最重，派谁去负责呢？ 这是一块硬骨头，非得能力出众、责任心又强的人去才行。

A: Zhè xiàng yánfa rènwù zuìzhòng, pài shéi qù fùzé ne? B: Zhè shì yí kuài yìnggjtou, fbidgi nénglì chezhòng, zérènxcn yòu qiáng de rén qù cái ràng rén fàngxcn. A: The responsibilities associated with this R&D program are the greatest. Who do you want to make responsible for it? B: This is a tough nut to crack. This position needs to be filled by a very capable and very responsible person. Example 2: A: B:

犯罪集团用金钱、美女，甚至恐吓都没能诱惑或吓唬住他。 他真是硬骨头。

A: Fànzuì jítuán yòng jcnqián, mginr, shènzhì kinghè ddu méi néng yòuhuò huò xiàhu zhù ta. B: Ta zhbn shì yìnggjtou.

268  Entry 349: 二虎相争，必有一伤 A: The crime syndicate hasn’t been able to entice or frighten him with money, beautiful women, or even threats. B: He really is one tough cookie. Usage: Functions as object or attributive. Note: Complimentary in meaning when used to describe a person. 349. 二虎相争，必有一伤 (二虎相爭，必有一傷)  èr hj xiang zhbng, bì yiu yì shang Translated character by character, 二虎相争，必有一伤 means ‘two-tiger-each otherfight, must-get-one-hurt,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘when two powerful people clash, at least one is bound to get hurt.’ Its functional translation is ‘when two tigers clash, one is sure to get hurt.’ Example 1: A: B:

他们两个争得很厉害。 最好别让他们争下去了，二虎相争，必有一伤啊！

A: Tamen lifng gè zhbng de hgn lìhai. B: Zuìhfo bié ràng tamen zhbng xiàqù le, èr hj xiang zhbng, bì yiu yì shang a! A: They’re both fighting really fiercely. B: You shouldn’t let them continue fighting. When two tigers fight, one is sure to get hurt. Example 2: A: B:

美国副总统和国务卿都要竞选下届总统。 二虎相争，必有一伤，即使赢了的一方也会遍体鳞伤。

A: Mgiguó fùzingting hé guówùqcng ddu yào jìngxufn xiàjiè zingting. B: Èr hj xiang zhbng, bì yiu yì shang, jíshh yíngle de yìfang yg huì biànth-línshang. A: Both the vice-president and the secretary of state for the US want to run for president next cycle. B: When two tigers fight, one is sure to get hurt. Even the winner will get beaten black and blue. Usage: Used singly. Note: Neutral in meaning.



Entries 350 – 351: 拆东墙，补西墙 and 大鱼吃小鱼 269 350. 拆东墙，补西墙 (拆東墻，補西墻)  chai ddng qiáng, bj xc qiáng

Translated character by character, 拆东墙，补西墙 means ‘tear down-east-wall, mend-west wall,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to take things from one place in order to resupply another.’ Its functional translation is ‘to rob Peter to pay Paul.’ Example 1: A: B:

他跟我借一万块钱。 他早就跟我借过八千块钱，现在他就是在拆东墙，补西墙。

A: Ta gbn wi jiè yí wàn kuài qián. B: Ta zfo jiù gbn wi jièguò ba qian kuài qián, xiànzài ta jiùshì zài chaiddngqiáng, bjxcqiáng. A: He borrowed 10,000 RMB from me. B: He borrowed 8,000 RMB from me a long time ago. Now, he’s just robbing Peter to pay Paul. Example 2: A:

政府财政赤字太大了，也没有理由加税了，于是拆东墙，补西墙， 把社会养老金提前用了。

A: Zhèngfj cáizhèng chìzì tài dà le, yg méiyiu lhyóu jiashuì le, yúshì chaiddngqiáng, bjxcqiáng, bf shèhuì yfnglfojcn tíqián yòng le. A: The government’s budget deficit is too large, and they have no reason to increase taxes, so they’re robbing Peter to pay Paul, using social security’s trust fund. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning.

351. 大鱼吃小鱼 (大魚吃小魚)  dà yú chc xifo yú Translated character by character, 大鱼吃小鱼 means ‘big-fish-eat-little-fish,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘the strong outcompete the weak.’ Its functional translation is ‘the law of the jungle.’ Example 1: A: B:

生意真难做啊！弄不好就会被对手吃掉。 是啊，商业领域就是大鱼吃小鱼，没有什么同情心可言。

A: Shbngyì zhbn nán zuò a! Nòng bùhfo jiù huì bèi duìshiu chcdiào. B: Shì a, shangyè lhngyù jiùshì dà yú chc xifo yú, méiyiu shénme tóngqíngxcn kg yán.

270  Entry 352: 狐狸尾巴露出来了 A: Business is really tough! If you mess up, you’ll be swallowed up by your competitors. B: Yeah, in the field of business, the law of the jungle applies. There’s no compassion to speak of. Example 2: A:

洗发水行业原有数十家企业，后来竞争极其激烈，结果是大鱼吃小 鱼，最后只剩下四、五家了。

A: Xhfàshuh hángyè yuán yiu shù shí jia qhyè, hòulái jìngzhbng jíqí jcliè, jiégui shì dà yú chc xifo yú, zuìhòu zhh shèngxià sì-wj jia le. A: The shampoo industry used to have tens of companies, but as a result of extremely intense competition, the law of the jungle applied. In the end, only four or five companies were left. Usage: Functions as predicative or attributive, or used singly. Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.

352. 狐狸尾巴露出来了 (狐狸尾巴露出來了)  húli wgiba lòu chelái le Translated character by character, 狐狸尾巴露出来了 means ‘fox-tail-show-out,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘a bad person has accidentally made their true nature known.’ Its functional translation is ‘to show one’s true colors,’ or ‘the jig is up.’ Example 1:

他是一个外国志愿者，怎么也跑到市中心广场上与当地市民一起抗 议去了？ B: 没那么简单，他肯定是个间谍，现在狐狸尾巴露出来了。 A:

A: Ta shì yígè wàiguó zhìyuànzhg, zgnme yg pfo dào shìzhdngxcn gufngchfng shàng yj dangdì shìmín yìqh kàngyì qù le? B: Méi nàme jifndan, ta kgndìng shì gè jiàndié, xiànzài húli wgiba lòu chelái le. A: He is a foreign volunteer, why did he go into the square in the city center to protest with local city residents? B: It’s not that simple; he’s definitely a spy. Now the jig is up. Example 2:

她平常好像对您很尊敬，可是在这么重要的问题上怎么敢强烈地反 对您？ B: 她是只小狐狸，平常掩盖得很深，现在露出了狐狸尾巴。 A:



Entry 353: 开绿灯 271

A: Ta píngcháng hfoxiàng duì nín hgn zenjìng, kgshì zài zhème zhòngyào de wèntí shàng zgnme gfn qiángliè de ffnduì nín? B: Ta shì zhc xifo húli, píngcháng yfngài de hgn shbn, xiànzài lòu chele húli wgiba. A: She usually seems to respect you a lot; how could she dare to strongly oppose you on such an important issue? B: She’s a slippery one. She usually buries her inclinations deep, but now she’s shown her true colors. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning.

353. 开绿灯 (開綠燈)  kai lq dbng Translated character by character, 开绿灯 means ‘turn on-green-light,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to signal one’s approval of something,’ or ‘to expedite.’ Its functional translation is ‘to give the green light,’ or ‘to give the go-ahead.’ Example 1: A: B:

这些药是怎么流入市场的？ 按说这些劣质药品根本不可能通过检验的，但是制药公司花费巨资 行贿，所以审批部门、检验部门处处开绿灯，最后药品就进入市场了。

A: Zhèxib yào shì zgnme liúrù shìchfng de? B: Ànshud zhèxib lièzhì yàophn gbnbgn bù kgnéng tdngguò jifnyàn de, dànshì zhìyào gdngsc huafèi jùzc xínghuì, suiyh shgnpc bùmén, jifnyàn bùmén chùchù kailqdbng, zuìhòu yàophn jiù jìnrù shìchfng le. A: How did these drugs get onto the market? B: They say these substandard drugs really couldn’t have passed inspection, but the drug company spent an enormous amount of money on bribes, so the examination and approval agency and the inspection agency both gave the go-ahead and, in the end, the drug got onto the market. Example 2: A:

当地政府为了吸引外资高科技企业，在企业投产前的许多环节都大 开绿灯，以便企业尽快入驻。

A: Dangdì zhèngfj wèile xcyhn wàizc gaokbjì qhyè, zài qhyè tóuchfn qián de xjdud huánjié ddu dà kai lqdbng, yhbiàn qhyè jìnkuài rùzhù. A: In order to attract foreign high-tech companies, the local government expedited many of the pre-production steps in order to facilitate the companies’ earliest tenancy.

272  Entries 354 – 355: 歪瓜裂枣 and 小辫子 Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Neutral in meaning.

354. 歪瓜裂枣 (歪瓜裂棗)  wai gua liè zfo Translated character by character, 歪瓜裂枣 means ‘asymmetrical-melon-split-date,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘an ugly person.’ Its functional translation is ‘a troll.’ Example 1: A: B: A:

你要把他介绍给王小姐？ 是啊？ 他长得歪瓜裂枣的，怎么配得上王小姐？

A: Nh yào bf ta jièshào ggi Wáng xifojig? B: Shì a? A: Ta zhfng de wai gua liè zfo de, zgnme pèi de shàng Wáng xifojig? A: You want to introduce him to Miss Wang? B: Yeah, why? A: He looks like a troll. How will he match up to Miss Wang? Example 2: A: B:

你们办公室的男人怎么那么丑？ 你们办公室的帅吗？个个都是歪瓜裂枣。

A: Nhmen bàngdngshì de nánrén zgnme nàme chiu? B: Nhmen bàngdngshì de shuài ma? Gègè ddu shì wai gua liè zfo. A: How are all the men in your office so ugly? B: Are the ones in your office handsome? All of yours are trolls. Usage: Functions mainly as object. Note: Derogatory in meaning.

355. 小辫子 (小辮子)  xifo biànzi Translated character by character, 小辫子 means ‘short-pigtail,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘one’s weak point.’ Its functional translation is ‘short hairs,’ or ‘chink in one’s armor.’



Entry 356: 一头雾水 273

Example 1: A: B:

他对你怎么那么客气？ 他有小辫子在我手里。

A: Ta duì nh zgnme nàme kèqì? B: Ta yiu xifobiànzi zài wi shiulh. A: Why is he so polite to you? B: I’ve got him by the short hairs. Example 2: A:

他被对手抓住了小辫子，最后不得不认输。

A: Ta bèi duìshiu zhuazhù le xifobiànzi, zuìhòu bùdebù rènshe. A: His opponent got him by the short hairs. In the end, he had no choice but to admit defeat. Usage: Functions as object. Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.

356. 一头雾水 (一頭霧水)  yì tóu wù shuh Translated character by character, 一头雾水 means ‘full-head-mist,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘in a befuddled or confused state.’ Its functional translation is ‘at a loss.’ Example 1: A: B:

她的报告的主要观点是什么？ 不知道。她的思维太跳跃，听得我一头雾水。

A: Ta de bàogào de zhjyào guandifn shì shénme? B: Bù zhcdào. Ta de scwéi tài tiàoyuè, tcng de wi yì tóu wùshuh. A: What was the main conclusion of her report? B: I don’t know. Her thought process was too jumpy; I was at a loss to under­ stand it. Example 2: A: B:

电影怎么样？ 人物关系太复杂，我看得一头雾水，到最后也没看明白谁是男主角。

A: Diànyhng zgnmeyàng? B: Rénwù guanxì tài fùzá, wi kàn de yì tóu wùshuh, dào zuìhòu yg méi kàn míngbai shéi shì nán zhjjué.

274  Entry 357: 隔行如隔山 A: How was the movie? B: The interpersonal relationships were too complicated. At the end I was still at a loss as to who the main male character was. Usage: Functions as complement and usually used in the structure ‘看/听/搞 + 得 + (Subject) + ~.’ Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.

357. 隔行如隔山 (隔行如隔山)  gé háng rú gé shan Translated character by character, 隔行如隔山 means ‘different-profession-likedividing-mountain,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘one is uninformed about trades other than one’s own.’ Its functional translation is ‘different professions are different worlds.’ Example 1: A: B:

你试一下，很简单。 没那么容易吧？隔行如隔山，我以前根本没接触过。

A: Nh shì yíxià, hgn jifndan. B: Méi nàme róngyì ba? Gé háng rú gé shan, wi yhqián gbnbgn méi jibchù guò. A: Give it a try. It’s simple. B: Can it be that easy? Different professions are different worlds. I haven’t had any experience with it. Example 2: A:

在今天的报告中，那位大教授说了不合适的话，因为虽然他在自己 的领域是大牛，但是隔行如隔山，在这个领域他几乎一无所知。

A: Zài jcntian de bàogào zhdng, nà wèi dà jiàoshòu shudle bú héshì de huà, ycnwèi sucrán ta zài zìjh de lhngyù shì dàniú, dànshì gé háng rú gé shan, zài zhègè lhngyù ta jche yìwúsuizhc. A: In today’s speech, that prominent professor made some misinformed comments because, even though he’s a big shot in his field, different professions are different worlds. He knows almost nothing about this field. Usage: Used singly. Note: Neutral in meaning.



Entries 358 – 359: 一亩三分地 and 成也萧何，败也萧何 275 358. 一亩三分地 (一畝三分地)  yì mj san fbn dì

Translated character by character, 一亩三分地 means ‘one-point-three-mu (666.66 m2)land,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘an area in which one’s word goes.’ Its functional translation is ‘personal fief.’ Example 1: A: B:

请您多关照。 小意思，这块地方是我的一亩三分地，什么事我都能摆平。

A: Qhng nín dud guanzhào. B: Xifoyìsi, zhè kuài dìfang shì wide yì mj san fbn dì, shénme shì wi ddu néng bfipíng. A: Please take care of me. B: It’s nothing. This area is my personal fief; I can smooth anything over here. Example 2: A: B:

校长，会不会有人反对？ 有用吗？这是我的一亩三分地，只有我说了算。

A: Xiàozhfng, huìbúhuì yiu rén ffnduì? B: Yiuyòng ma? Zhè shì wide yì mj san fbn dì, zhhyiu wi shudle suàn. A: Principal, will people resist? B: What’s the use? This is my personal fief; only what I say goes. Usage: Functions as object. Note: Neutral in meaning.

359. 成也萧何，败也萧何 (成也蕭何，敗也蕭何)  chéng yg Xiao Hé, bài yg Xiao Hé Translated character by character, 成也萧何，败也萧何 means ‘succeed-also-(because) Xiao He, defeat-also-(because) Xiao He,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘one’s successes and failures are both due to the same person.’ Example 1: A: B:

这家公司的兴起是因为他，衰败也是因为他。 真是成也萧何，败也萧何。这就是命啊！

A: Zhè jia gdngsc de xìngqh shì ycnwèi ta, shuaibài ygshì ycnwèi ta. B: Zhbn shì chéng yg Xiao Hé, bài yg Xiao Hé. Zhè jiùshì mìng a! A: This company’s rise was due to him, and its fall was also due to him. B: Both their successes and failures really were due to him. This is fate!

276  Entry 360: 大水冲了龙王庙 Example 2: A:

这个大牌球星虽然篮球技术很高，但是太独断。球队赢球靠他，输 球也往往是因为他，可谓成也萧何，败也萧何。

A: Zhègè dàpái qiúxcng sucrán lánqiú jìshù hgn gao, dànshì tài dúduàn. Qiúduì yíng qiú kào ta, she qiú yg wfngwfng shì ycnwèi ta, kgwèi chéng yg Xiao Hé, bài yg Xiao Hé. A: While that superstar is very talented at basketball, he’s not a team player. The team relies on him to win, but when they lose, it’s often because of him. You could say their successes and failures are all due to him. Usage: Functions as predicative. Note: Neutral in meaning.

360. 大水冲了龙王庙 (大水沖了龍王廟)  dà shuh chdng le lóng wáng miào Translated character by character, 大水冲了龙王庙 means ‘flood-overflow-ed-DragonKing’s-temple,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to accidentally wrong an ally,’ or ‘conflicts arise between people on one’s own side.’ Its functional translation is ‘friendly fire.’ Example 1:

告诉你一件新鲜事儿。我有个邻居，是法官，今天因为他家的宠物 与另一个邻居发生了冲突，结果这个法官被告上了法庭。 B: 哟，这不是大水冲了龙王庙嘛。 A:

A: Gàosù nh yí jiàn xcnxian shìr. Wi yiu gè línje, shì ffguan, jcntian ycnwèi ta jia de chingwù yj lìngyígè línje fashbng le chdngtu, jiégui zhègè ffguan bèi gào shàngle fftíng. B: Yò, zhè búshì dà shuh chdngle lóngwáng miào ma. A: Let me tell you something interesting. I have a neighbor who is a judge. Today, he got into an altercation with another neighbor because of his pet, resulting in his being sued. B: Oh, aren’t things like that not supposed to happen? Example 2: A: （与B争吵……）其实，我是反对堕胎的。 B: 是嘛，既然这样，我们还吵什么啊，大水冲了龙王庙了。 A: (yj B zhbngchfo ……) Qíshí, wi shì ffnduì duòtai de. B: Shì ma, jìrán zhèyàng, wimen hái chfo shénme a, dà shuh chdngle lóngwáng miào le.



Entries 361 – 362: 乱弹琴 and 挤牙膏 277

A: (arguing with B) In reality, I’m opposed to abortion. B: Really? If that’s the case, what’re we fighting about? This is friendly fire. Usage: Functions as predicative or used singly. Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.

361. 乱弹琴 (亂彈琴)  luàn tán qín Translated character by character, 乱弹琴 means ‘blindly-play-zither,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to speak or act without sound reasons.’ Example 1: A: B:

您不在这几天，他把您的规定改了很多。 简直是乱弹琴！马上把他叫来。

A: Nín bú zài zhè jh tian, ta bf nín de gucdìng gfile hgndud. B: Jifnzhí shì luàntánqín! Mfshàng bf ta jiào lái. A: In the days that you weren’t here, he changed your rules a lot. B: He really acts without thinking. Tell him to see me immediately! Example 2: A: B:

他说社会的发展一定是前进两步、后退一步。 乱弹琴！看来他连最基本的历史都不了解。

A: Ta shud shèhuì de fazhfn yídìng shì qiánjìn lifng bù, hòutuì yí bù. B: Luàntánqín! Kànlái ta lián zuì jcbgn de lìshh ddu bù lifojig. A: He says social development is definitely two steps forward, one step back. B: He doesn’t think before speaking! I can see he doesn’t even understand the most basic things about history. Usage: Functions as predicate or used singly. Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning.

362. 挤牙膏 (擠牙膏)  jh yá gao Translated character by character, 挤牙膏 means ‘squeeze-toothpaste,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to speak slowly and haltingly,’ or ‘to advance with difficulty.’ Its functional translation is ‘to draw something out,’ or ‘to be like pulling teeth.’

278  Entry 363: 墙倒众人推 Example 1: A: B:

是这么回事。我……我……，这么说吧，…… 你别挤牙膏了，有话就快说。

A: Shì zhème huí shì. Wi……wi……, zhème shud ba, …… B: Nh bié jhyágao le, yiu huà jiù kuài shud. A: It’s like this. I  .  .  .  I  .  .  .  Let’s say  .  .  . B: Spit it out! If you have something to say, say it fast. Example 2: A: B:

这部电视连续剧的进展也太慢了，跟挤牙膏似的。 怪不得一拍就是八十集呢。

A: Zhè bù diànshì liánxùjù de jìnzhfn yg tàimàn le, gbn jhyágao shìde. B: Guàibude yì pai jiùshì bashí jí ne. A: This TV series develops too slowly. It’s like pulling teeth. B: No wonder they shoot 80 episodes at a time. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning.

363. 墙倒众人推 (墻倒衆人推)  qiáng dfo zhòng rén tuc Translated character by character, 墙倒众人推 means ‘wall-fallen-crowd-push,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘when a wall is about to collapse, everyone gives it a push.’ Its functional translation is ‘everyone kicks a man who is down.’ Example 1: A: B:

看今天的报纸，怎么全是批评他的？ 很简单，他的性丑闻被曝光，政治生命结束，墙倒众人推，媒体也 开始一致批评他了。

A: Kàn jcntian de bàozhh, zgnme quán shì pcpíng ta de? B: Hgn jifndan, tade xìngchiuwén bèi bàoguang, zhèngzhì shbngmìng jiéshù, qiáng dfo zhòngrén tuc, méith yg kaishh yízhì pcpíng ta le. A: Look at today’s paper. How is it all criticizing him? B: It’s simple. His sex scandal has been brought to light; his political career is over. Everyone hits a man who is down and now the media has started to criticize him as one.



Entry 364: 莫须有 279

Example 2: A: B:

兄弟，还能撑得住吧？ 大哥，你真够朋友。在我落难的时候别人都墙倒众人推，就你一个 人跟平常一样照顾小弟。

A: Xidngdi, hái néng chbng de zhù ba? B: Dàgb, nh zhbn gòupéngyou. Zài wi luònàn de shíhou biérén ddu qiáng dfo zhòngrén tuc, jiù nh yígè rén gbn píngcháng yíyàng zhàogù xifodì. A: Brother, can you still stand it? B: Big brother, you’re so good to me. When I fell on hard times, everyone else kicked me while I was down; only you cared for your little brother as usual. Usage: Used singly or functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

364. 莫须有 (莫須有)  mò xe yiu Translated character by character, 莫须有 means ‘maybe-exist,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘groundless,’ or ‘trumped-up.’ Example 1: A: B:

有的公司以莫须有的理由解聘员工。 这还算好的，更糟糕的是，美国大使馆会以莫须有的理由拒绝签证 申请。

A: Yiude gdngsc yh mòxeyiu de lhyóu jigpìn yuángdng. B: Zhè hái suàn hfo de, gèng zaogao de shì, Mgiguó dàshhgufn huì yh mòxeyiu de lhyóu jùjué qianzhèng shbnqhng. A: Some companies dismiss employees on trumped-up grounds. B: That’s not so bad. What’s worse is that the American embassy will reject visa applications without grounds. Example 2: A:

他在监狱中关了五年，出狱后的第一件事就是对媒体说对他的指控 都是莫须有。

A: Ta zài jianyù zhdng guanle wj nián, cheyù hòu de dì-yc jiàn shì jiùshì duì méith shud duì ta de zhhkòng ddu shì mòxeyiu. A: He was held in prison for five years. After he got out, the first thing he did was say the charges against him were groundless. Usage: Functions as attributive or predicative.

280  Entry 365: 拿鸡毛当令箭 Note: Derogatory in meaning. This phrase alludes to an answer that the infamous Chancellor Qin Hui of the Song Dynasty gave on the question of whether General Yue Fei had betrayed his country. There are several different interpretations of the meaning of 莫须有, but the translation here is the most popular one.

365. 拿鸡毛当令箭 (拿雞毛當令箭)  ná jc máo dang lìng jiàn Translated character by character, 拿鸡毛当令箭 means ‘use-chicken-feather-as(authoritative) arrow,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to use a made-up directive to order people around.’ Example 1: A: B:

这是主任的话，你们爱听不听。 你别拿鸡毛当令箭。主任有话可以自己说嘛，干嘛要让你转达？

A: Zhè shì zhjrèn de huà, nhmen ài tcng bù tcng. B: Nh bié ná jcmáo dang lìngjiàn. Zhjrèn yiu huà kgyh zìjh shud ma, gàn ma yào ràng nh zhufndá? A: This is what the director says, but decide for yourself whether or not you want to listen. B: Don’t make things up in order to order people around. If the director has something to say, he can say it himself. What’s he doing making you relay? Example 2: A: B:

她说话这么牛？ 没办法，她是领导的红人，整天拿着鸡毛当令箭，别人都对她客气 三分。

A: Ta shudhuà zhème niú? B: Méi bànff, ta shì lhngdfo de hóngrén, zhgngtian názhe jcmáo dang lìngjiàn, biérén ddu duì ta kèqì san fbn. A: Why does she speak so arrogantly? B: There’s nothing we can do about it. She is the boss’s favorite, always making things up to boss people around. Everyone is quite polite to her. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.



Entries 366 – 367: 捅破窗户纸 and 三字经 281 366. 捅破窗户纸 (捅破窗戶紙)  ting pò chuanghu zhh

Translated character by character, 捅破窗户纸 means ‘poke-broken-window-paper,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to reveal the truth and speak openly about a secret.’ Its functional translation is ‘to affirm an open secret,’ or ‘to address the elephant in the room.’ Example 1: A:

大家都觉得他是同性恋，可是没有人公开说过。今天他自己捅破了 这层窗户纸，主动告诉别人他就是同性恋。

A: Dà jia ddu juéde ta shì tóngxìngliàn, kgshì méiyiu rén gdngkai shud guò. Jcntian ta zìjh ting pò le zhè céng chuanghu zhh, zhjdòng gàosù biérén ta jiùshì tóngxìngliàn. A: Everyone thought he was gay, but no one had stated it openly. Today, he addressed the elephant in the room and took it upon himself to tell everyone he was gay. Example 2: A: B:

你说，这种事怎么好意思让女人先开口？ 都这年代了，还考虑什么谁先谁后的？把这层窗户纸捅破了就行 了。

A: Nh shud, zhèzhing shì zgnme hfoyìsi ràng nrrén xian kaikiu? B: Ddu zhè niándài le, hái kfolq shénme shéi xian shéi hòu de? Bf zhè céng chuanghu zhh ting pò le jiù xíng le. A: Hey, how could you allow a woman to bring an issue like this up first? B: In this day and age, you still worry about something like who brings something up? You just need to deal with the elephant in the room. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Neutral in meaning.

367. 三字经 (三字經)  san zì jcng Translated character by character, 三字经 means ‘three-character-scripture.’ Its implied meaning is ‘curse.’ Example 1: A: B:

这是谁xxx干的？ 不许带三字经。

282  Entry 368: 苍蝇不叮无缝的蛋 A: Zhè shì shéi xxx gàn de? B: Bùxj dài sanzìjcng. A: Who the #&%@ did this? B: You can’t say curse words! Example 2: A:

他十分生气，说着说着三字经就出来了。

A: Ta shífbn shbngqì, shudzhe shudzhe sanzìjcng jiù chelái le. A: He’s extremely angry. As he was speaking, curses came out. Usage: Nominal element, functions as object or subject. Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.

368. 苍蝇不叮无缝的蛋 (蒼蠅不叮無縫的蛋)  cangying bù dcng wú fèng de dàn Translated character by character, 苍蝇不叮无缝的蛋 means ‘fly-not-suck-withoutcracked-egg,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘if you don’t have any faults, bad people won’t gravitate to you.’ Its functional translation is ‘to bring bad things upon oneself as a result of one’s bad character.’ Example 1: A: B:

那么多花花公子老是缠着她。 苍蝇不叮无缝的蛋，如果她严辞拒绝，不会有那么多人的。

A: Nàme dud huahuagdngzi lfoshì chánzhe ta. B: Cangying bù dcng wú fèng de dàn, rúgui ta yáncí jùjué, búhuì yiu nàme dud rén de. A: So many playboys are pursuing her. B: She’s bringing it upon herself. If she rejected them forcefully there wouldn’t be so many. Example 2:

在电视上他哭哭啼啼地说他刚当干部的时候是多么清廉，后来不断 有人给他送礼，他拒绝不了才受贿的。 B: 苍蝇不叮无缝的蛋，如果他内心真的很清廉，什么时候都不会收受 贿赂。 A:

A: Zài diànshì shang ta kekutíti de shud ta gang dang gànbù de shíhou shì dudme qcnglián, hòulái búduàn yiu rén ggi ta sònglh, ta jùjué bùlifo cái shòuhuì de. B: Cangying bù dcng wú fèng de dàn, rúgui ta nèixcn zhbnde hgn qcnglián, shénme shíhou ddu búhuì shòuhuì.



Entry 369: 大跌眼镜 283

A: On television, he said, sobbing, how honest he was when he first became a cadre and that later, people were constantly giving him gifts. Only when he couldn’t refuse them did he start taking bribes. B: He brought it upon himself. If he was truly honest at heart, he would never have taken bribes. Usage: Used singly. Note: Derogatory in meaning.

369. 大跌眼镜 (大跌眼鏡)  dà dib yfn jìng Translated character by character, 大跌眼镜 means ‘truly-drop-glasses,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to be surprising.’ Its functional translation is ‘to have one’s jaw drop,’ or ‘to be slack-jawed.’ Example 1: A:

在这起贿赂案中，让人大跌眼镜的是，他不但没有受到惩罚，反而 升了官。

A: Zài zhè qh huìlù’àn zhdng, ràng rén dà dib yfnjìng de shì, ta búdàn méiyiu shòudào chéngfá, ffn’ér shbngle guan. A: What was really jaw-dropping about this bribery case was that he not only wasn’t punished, but instead was promoted in the government. Example 2: A:

在七八个总统候选人中，开始人气最低的人最终当选总统，这让众 多媒体和时事评论员大跌眼镜。

A: Zài qc-ba gè zingting hòuxufnrén zhdng, kaishh rénqì zuì dc de rén zuìzhdng dangxufn zingting, zhè ràng zhòngdud méith hé shíshì pínglùnyuán dà dib yfnjìng. A: Out of seven or eight presidential candidates, the one who was least popular at the beginning won in the end. This left a lot of commentators and members of the media slack-jawed. Usage: Functions as predicate, usually after ‘让/令人.’ Variant: 跌破眼镜 Note: Neutral in meaning.

284  Entries 370 – 371: 说一千，道一万 and 绊脚石 370. 说一千，道一万 (說一千，道一萬)  shud yì qian, dào yí wàn Translated character by character, 说一千，道一万 means ‘say-one thousand, sayten thousand,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘no matter what you say.’ Its functional translation is ‘there are no two ways about it.’ Example 1: A: B:

这件事真的很难办，不是我不使劲。 算了，说一千道一万，你还是没办了，你以前是怎么保证来着？

A: Zhè jiàn shì zhbnde hgn nán bàn, búshì wi bù shhjìn. B: Suànle, shud yì qian dào yí wàn, nh háishì méi bàn lifo, nh yhqián shì zgnme bfozhèng láizhe? A: This issue is really hard to handle. It’s not that I’m not putting in the effort. B: Forget it, there are no two ways about it; you still haven’t dealt with it. How did you promise me before? Example 2: A:

发展经济，保护环境，说一千道一万，都要以人为本。如果人民没 能满意，这些都是空话。

A: Fazhfn jcngjì, bfohù huánjìng, shud yì qian dào yí wàn, ddu yào yh rén wéi bgn. Rúgui rénmín méi néng mfnyì, zhèxib ddu shì kdnghuà. A: There are no two ways about it, developing the economy and protecting the environment both have to be based on people. If people aren’t able to be satisfied, this is all empty talk. Usage: Functions as parenthetical between subject and object, or used at the beginning of a sentence. Note: Neutral in meaning.

371. 绊脚石 (絆腳石)  bàn jifo shí Translated character by character, 绊脚石 means ‘stumbling-foot-stone,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘stumbling block.’ Example 1: A: B:

我们的计划非常好，就是他是一块绊脚石，怎么办？ 能绕过去就绕过去，实在绕不过去就赶走他。

A: Wimen de jìhuà fbicháng hfo, jiùshì ta shì yí kuài bànjifoshí, zgnme bàn? B: Néng rào guòqù jiù rào guòqù, shízài rào bú guòqù jiù gfnziu ta.



Entry 372: 过五关、斩六将 285

A: Our plan is really good. He’s the only stumbling block. What should we do? B: If we can go around him, we’ll go around him. If we really can’t go around, we’ll drive him away. Example 2: A:

老同志从领导岗位上退下来以后就不要再干涉年轻人的工作了，不 能成为他们前进路上的绊脚石。

A: Lfo tóngzhì cóng lhngdfo gfngwèi shàng tuì xiàlái yhhòu jiù búyào zài ganshè niánqcngrén de gdngzuò le, bùnéng chéngwéi tamen qiánjìn lùshàng de bànjifoshí. A: After old comrades retire from their positions as leaders, they shouldn’t continue to interfere in the work of younger people. They can’t become a stumbling block on the younger people’s work paths. Usage: Functions as object or predicative. Note: Neutral in meaning.

372. 过五关、斩六将 (過五關、斬六將)  guò wj guan , zhfn liù jiàng Translated character by character, 过五关、斩六将 means ‘to pass-five-pass, decapitate-six-general,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb is ‘to overcome great challenges and have the glory to show for it.’ Example 1:

我上高中的时候是学校的足球队长，是全校男生崇拜的对象，也是 众多女生追求的目标。 B: 行了吧，谁年青的时候没有过五关、斩六将的经历。 A:

A: Wi shàng gaozhdng de shíhòu shì xuéxiào de zúqiú duìzhfng, shì quánxiào nánshbng chóngbài de duìxiàng, ygshì zhòngdud nrshbng zhucqiú de mùbiao. B: Xíng le ba, shéi niánqcng de shíhòu méi yiu guò wj guan zhfn liù jiàng de jcnglì. A: When I was in high school, I was the captain of the soccer team, I was worshipped by every guy at the school, and I was pursued by many girls. B: That’s enough. Who doesn’t have achievements to be proud of from their youth? Example 2: A:

他以坚实的业务能力、良好的沟通技巧和出色的宏观视野，过五 关、斩六将，征服了所有的招聘者，得到了一个非常重要的职位。

286  Entry 373: 求爷爷、告奶奶 A: Ta yh jianshí de yèwù nénglì, liánghfo de gdutdng jìqifo hé chesè de hóngguan shìyg, guò wj guan, zhfn liù jiàng, zhbngfú le suiyiu de zhaopìnzhg, dédào le yígè fbicháng zhòngyào de zhíwèi. A: Relying on his solid vocational skills, his very good communication skills and his outstanding holistic understanding of situations, he overcame great challenges, won over all of the interviewers, and got an extremely important post. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Complimentary in meaning. 373. 求爷爷、告奶奶 (求爺爺、告奶奶)  qiú yéye, gào nfinai Translated character by character, 求爷爷、告奶奶 means ‘beg-grandpa-call-grandma.’ Its implied meaning is ‘to go around begging for help.’ Example 1: A: B:

你的银行贷款的担保人是谁？ 别提这事儿了！谁也不愿意当。我求爷爷、告奶奶，到处找人，最 后还是一位大学同学当的保人。

A: Nhde yínháng dàikufn de danbforén shì shéi? B: Bié tí zhè shìr le! Shéi yg bú yuànyì dang. Wi qiú yéye gào nfinai, dàochù zhfo rén, zuìhòu háishì yí wèi dàxué tóngxué dang de bforén. A: Who is the guarantor for your bank loan? B: I don’t want to talk about it! No one was willing to be my guarantor. I went around begging for help, looking everywhere, and in the end it was a college classmate who became my guarantor. Example 2: A:

咳，这个专业的毕业生真可怜，拿了博士学位以后还得求爷爷、告 奶奶到处找用人单位，最后很多人都去当中学老师了。

A: Hài, zhègè zhuanyè de bìyèshbng zhbn kglián, nále bóshì xuéwèi yhhòu hái dgi qiú yéye gào nfinai de dàochù zhfo yòngrén danwèi, zuìhòu hgndud rén ddu qù dang zhdngxué lfoshc le. A: Oh, grad students in this field are really pitiful. After they get their PhDs, they still have to go around begging for help, looking for work units that are hiring. In the end, many go become middle school teachers. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Neutral in meaning.



Entries 374 – 375: 羡慕嫉妒恨 and 打掉门牙往肚里咽 287 374. 羡慕嫉妒恨 (羡慕嫉妒恨)  xiànmù jídù hèn

Translated character by character, 羡慕嫉妒恨 means ‘jealous-envious-hate,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to be very jealous.’ Its functional translation is ‘to be green with envy.’ Example 1: A: B:

我的州的个人所得税率还不到百分之十。 什么？不到百分之十？你真让我羡慕嫉妒恨。

A: Wide zhdu de gèrén suidéshuìlq hái bú dào bfi fbn zhc shí. B: Shénme? Bú dào bfi fbn zhc shí? Nh zhbn ràng wi xiànmù jídù hèn. A: My state income tax rate is even less than 10 percent. B: What? Less than 10 percent? You’re really making me green with envy. Example 2: A: B:

我一周工作二十个小时就可以了。 你的工作是什么？这真是让人羡慕嫉妒恨的工作。

A: Wi yc zhdu gdngzuò èrshí gè xifoshí jiù kgyh le. B: Nhde gdngzuò shì shénme? Zhè zhbnshì ràng rén xiànmù jídù hèn de gdngzuò. A: I only need to work twenty hours a week. B: What do you do? That really is a job that could make someone green with envy. Usage: Functions as predicate or attributive. Note: Humorous in meaning.

375. 打掉门牙往肚里咽 (打掉門牙往肚里咽)  df diào mén yá wfng dù lh yàn Translated character by character, 打掉门牙往肚里咽 means ‘knock-out-front-teethinto-stomach-swallow,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to refrain from addressing or speaking the truth about an insult one has endured.’ Its functional translation is ‘to bite one’s tongue.’ Example 1: A:

他本想借助别人的力量发展自己，没想到不但没能发展自己，反倒被别 人侵占了他自己不少利益。他得罪不起人家，只好打掉门牙往肚里咽。

A: Ta bgnxifng jièzhù biérén de lìliàng fazhfn zìjh, méixifngdào búdàn méi néng fazhfn zìjh, ffndfo bèi biérén qcnzhàn le ta zìjh bùshfo lìyì. Ta dézuì bùqh rénjia, zhhhfo df diào ményá wfng dù lh yàn.

288  Entry 376: 唱对台戏 A: He originally wanted to use other people’s strength to advance himself. He never thought that he would not be able to advance himself, but rather that other people would expropriate his benefits. He didn’t have the power to resist the others, so he bit his tongue. Example 2: A:

他辞去了国内待遇优厚的工作，不顾一切地到了国外，以为国外就 是天堂。但是他在国外混得并不如意，远远不如国内成功，有时候 甚至得去饭馆刷盘子。国内的人问起他国外怎么样时，他打掉门牙 往肚里咽，说“挺好的”。

A: Ta cíqù le guónèi dàiyù yduhòu de gdngzuò, búgù yíqib de dàole guówài, yhwéi guówài jiùshì tiantáng. Dànshì ta zài guówài hùn de bìng bù rúyì, yufnyufn bùrú guónèi chénggdng, yiushíhòu shènzhì dgi qù fàngufn shua pánzi. Guónèi de rén wèn qh ta guówài zgnmeyàng shí, ta df diào ményá wfng dù lh yàn, shud “thng hfo de.” A: He gave up a cushy domestic job, recklessly going abroad, believing that other countries were heaven. But things didn’t pan out for him as he had expected abroad, with much less success than he had at home. Sometimes, he even had to wash dishes at restaurants. When people from home asked him how abroad was, he bit his tongue, saying, “Quite good.” Usage: Functions as predicate. Variants: 打掉门牙(or 牙齿)和血吞 (和 huò, with) Note: Neutral in meaning.

376. 唱对台戏 (唱對臺戲)  chàng duì tái xì Translated character by character, 唱对台戏 means ‘sing-opposing-stage-drama,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to do what an opponent is doing with the intention of foiling their plans or distracting attention.’ Its functional translation is ‘to steal someone’s thunder,’ or ‘to take the wind out of someone’s sails.’ Example 1:

老板，我们举办产品发布会的消息刚发布，我们的对手也发布消息 说在同一天召开产品发布会。 B: 他们总是跟我们唱对台戏。

A:

A: Lfobfn, wimen jjbàn chfnphn fabùhuì de xiaoxc gang fabù, wimen de duìshiu yg fabù xiaoxc shud zài tóng yì tian zhàokai chfnphn fabùhuì. B: Tamen zingshì gbn wimen chàng duìtáixì.



Entry 377: 分一杯羹 289

A: Boss, the news that we’re hosting a product launch was just released. Our competitor also announced that they will be holding a product launch on the same day. B: They’re always trying to steal our thunder. Example 2: A:

那个国家专门跟美国唱对台戏，美国支持什么，那个国家就反对什么。

A: Nàgè guójia zhuanmén gbn Mgiguó chàng duìtáixì, Mgiguó zhcchí shénme, nàgè guójia jiù ffnduì shénme. A: That country is specifically trying to take the wind out of the sails of the US. Anything that the US supports, that country opposes. Usage: Functions as predicate. It is usually used after ‘跟/和 somebody.’ Note: Slightly derogatory or neutral in meaning.

377. 分一杯羹 (分一杯羹)  fbn yì bbi gbng Translated character by character, 分一杯羹 means ‘share-a-cup-bouillon,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to receive one’s portion of a windfall.’ Its functional translation is ‘to take one’s share of the loot.’ Example 1: A: B:

他怎么突然变得这么积极？ 不是快见成果了吗？他也想分一杯羹。

A: Ta zgnme terán biàn de zhème jcjí? B: Búshì kuài jiàn chénggui le ma? Ta yg xifng fbn yì bbi gbng. A: Why has he suddenly become so proactive? B: Isn’t the result about to be known? He wants to take his share of the loot. Example 2: A:

中国政府放开某类商品市场，于是外国公司蜂拥而入，都希望分得 一杯羹。

A: Zhdngguó zhèngfj fàng kai miu lèi shangphn shìchfng, yúshì wàiguó gdngsc fbngydng’érrù, ddu xcwàng fbn dé yì bbi gbng. A: China’s government opened some commodity markets. As a result, foreign companies flooded in, all of them wanting to take their share of the loot. Usage: Functions as predicate or object of 希望, 想 etc. Note: Slightly derogatory or neutral in meaning.

290  Entries 378 – 379: 变色龙 and 独木不成林 378. 变色龙 (變色龍)  biàn sè lóng Translated character by character, 变色龙 means ‘change-color-lizard,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘chameleon.’ Example 1: A: B:

领导好像都挺喜欢他的。 他是变色龙，只要领导变，他就变。

A: Lhngdfo hfoxiàng ddu thng xhhuan ta de. B: Ta shì biànsèlóng, zhhyào lhngdfo biàn, ta jiù biàn. A: The boss seems to like him a lot. B: He’s a chameleon. When the boss changes his mind, so does he. Example 2: A:

在政治上他是变色龙，民众需要什么他就许诺什么。

A: Zài zhèngzhì shàng ta shì biànsèlóng, mínzhòng xeyào shénme ta jiù xjnuò shénme. A: He’s a political chameleon. Whatever the people need, he promises it to them. Usage: Nominal element, functions as predicative. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

379. 独木不成林 (獨木不成林)  dú mù bù chéng lín Translated character by character, 独树不成林 means ‘single-tree-not-become-forest,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘one person alone cannot accomplish much.’ Its functional translation is ‘a single tree does not a forest make.’ Example 1: A: B:

你能不能自己干？ 我倒是想过，不过，独木不成林。在现在的单位，毕竟有几个关系 不错的能照应一下。

A: Nh néngbùnéng zìjh gàn? B: Wi dàoshì xifngguò, búguò, dú mù bù chéng lín. Zài xiànzài de danwèi, bìjìng yiu jh gè guanxì búcuò de néng zhàoyìng yíxià. A: Can you do it yourself ? B: Although I did think about it, a single tree does not a forest make. After all, I’m pretty friendly with a number of people in my current work unit who can lend me a hand.



Entry 380: 既生瑜，何生亮？ 291

Example 2: A: B:

他的想法怎么样？ 好是好，可是支持的人少，独木不成林，很难成功。

A: Ta de xifngff zgnmeyàng? B: Hfo shì hfo, kgshì zhcchí de rén shfo, dú mù bù chéng lín, hgn nán chénggdng. A: How is his idea? B: It’s good, but there aren’t many people supporting it. A single tree does not a forest make. It’ll be hard to succeed. Usage: Used singly. Note: Neutral in meaning.

380. 既生瑜，何生亮？ (既生瑜，何生亮？)  jì shbng Yú, hé shbng Liàng? Translated character by character, 既生瑜，何生亮？means ‘since-born-Zhou Yu, why-born-Zhuge Liang,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘if god made someone so excellent, why did he make someone even better?’ Example 1:

真可惜，希拉里·克林顿如果不是与奥巴马竞争，一定会成为一位 出色的总统。 B: 既生瑜，何生亮啊！ A:

A: Zhbn kgxc, Xclalh Kèlíndùn rúgui búshì yj Àobamf jìngzhbng, yídìng huì chéngwéi yí wèi chesè de zingting. B: Jì shbng Yú, hé shbng Liàng a! A: It’s a shame. If Hillary Clinton hadn’t been competing with Obama, she definitely would have become a distinguished president. B: If god made someone so excellent, why did he make someone even better? Example 2: A: B:

你们两个是天生的冤家，竞争了几十年，而他的运气常常比你好一点儿。 既生瑜，何生亮？老天对我如此不公。

A: Nhmen lifng gè shì tianshbng de yuanjia, jìngzhbng le jh shí nián, ér ta de yùnqì chángcháng bh nh hfo yìdifnr. B: Jì shbng Yú, hé shbng Liàng? Lfotian duì wi rúch bùgdng. A: You two are born enemies. You’ve been competing for decades and his luck has often been a little better than yours. B: If god made me so excellent, why did he make him even better? God is so unfair to me.

292  Entries 381 – 382: 撂挑子 and 敲门砖 Usage: Used singly. Note: Neutral in meaning.

381. 撂挑子 (撂挑子)  liào tiaozi Translated character by character, 撂挑子 means ‘drop-shoulder pole,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to quit one’s job,’ or ‘to shirk one’s responsibilities.’ Example 1: A: B:

我宁可失业，也不干这份苦差事了。 你想撂挑子啦？别那么着急做决定。

A: Wi nìngkg shcyè, yg bú gàn zhè fèn kj chaishì le. B: Nh xifng liàotiaozh la? Bié nàme zháojí zuò juédìng. A: I’d rather be unemployed than do this drudgery. B: You want to quit your job? Don’t be in such a hurry to make a decision. Example 2: A:

这个老太太体弱多病，多亏小保姆精心照顾，要不然早就不行了。 老太太知道这份工作非常辛苦，一般人没有耐心做，所以她对小保 姆格外好，生怕小保姆撂挑子不干了。

A: Zhègè lfotàitai thruò-dudbìng, dudkuc xifo bfomj jcngxcn zhàogù, yàobùrán zfo jiù bùxíng le. Lfotàitai zhcdào zhè fèn gdngzuò fbicháng xcnkj, yìban rén méiyiu nàixcn zuò, suiyh ta duì xifo bfomj géwài hfo, shbng pà xifo bfomj liàotiaozi bú gàn le. A: This old lady is frail and sick. Without the painstaking care of her caretaker, she would have died long ago. The old lady knows this job is extremely taxing and the average person doesn’t have the patience for it, so she is especially nice to her caretaker, lest she quit her job. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning.

382. 敲门砖 (敲門磚)  qiao mén zhuan Translated character by character, 敲门砖 means ‘knock-door-brick,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘something that one needs or uses as a tool to gain fortune and fame.’ Its functional translation is ‘a step on the path to,’ or ‘prerequisite for.’



Entry 383: 试金石 293

Example 1: A: B: A:

你儿子无论如何也得上一所藤校。 为什么一定要上藤校？ 藤校是他毕业以后找工作的敲门砖。

A: Nh érzh wúlùnrúhé yg dgi shàng yì sui Téngxiào. B: Wèishénme yídìng yào shàng Téngxiào? A: Téngxiào shì ta bìyè yhhòu zhfo gdngzuò de qiaoménzhuan. A: In any case, your son needs to attend an Ivy League school. B: Why does he need to go to an Ivy? A: An Ivy is a step on the path to his finding a job after he graduates. Example 2: A: B:

那个俱乐部的成员好像都很有钱。 一亿美元财产和会说法语是那家俱乐部的敲门砖。

A: Nàgè jùlèbù de chéngyuán hfoxiàng ddu hgn yiu qián. B: Yc yì mgiyuán cáichfn hé huì shud Ffyj shì nà jia jùlèbù de qiaoménzhuan. A: It seems all of the members in that club are rich. B: Having $100 million and speaking French are the prerequisites for entry into that club. Usage: Functions as predicative or predicate. Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.

383. 试金石 (試金石)  shì jcn shí Translated character by character, 试金石 means ‘test-gold-stone,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘a standard or criterion by which something is judged.’ Its functional translation is ‘touchstone.’ Example 1: A: B:

他们两个人结婚三个月就离婚了。 时间是婚姻的试金石，看来他们真的不合适。

A: Tamen lifng gè rén jiéhen san gè yuè jiù líhen le. B: Shíjian shì henycn de shìjcnshí, kànlái tamen zhbnde bù héshì. A: The two of them were only married for three months when they divorced. B: Time is the touchstone by which marriage is tested. I guess they really aren’t suitable for each other.

294  Entry 384: 火烧眉毛 Example 2: A:

市场是企业产品的试金石。

A: Shìchfng shì qhyè chfnphn de shìjcnshí. A: The market is the touchstone by which products are assessed. Usage: Functions as predicative. Note: Neutral in meaning.

384. 火烧眉毛 (火燒眉毛)  hui shao méi máo Translated character by character, 火烧眉毛 means ‘fire-burn-eyebrow,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to be in an urgent situation.’ Its functional translation is ‘the chips are down,’ or ‘pressing.’ Example 1: A: B:

好，这样吧，我先考虑考虑，明天回复你。 还考虑什么啊！都火烧眉毛了，赶快行动吧！

A: Hfo, zhèyàng ba, wi xian kfolq kfolq, míngtian huífù nh. B: Hái kfolq shénme a! Ddu hui shao méimáo le, gfnkuài xíngdòng ba! A: OK. Why don’t we do this? I’ll think about it and get back to you tomorrow. B: What’s left to consider? The chips are down, you need to act soon! Example 2:

王总，您真沉得住气，火烧眉毛的事一大堆，您还能安心地钓鱼 啊？ B: 你不知道，其实我正在想办法。 A:

A: Wáng zing, nín zhbn chéndezhù qì, hui shao méimáo de shì yí dà duc, nín hái néng anxcn de diàoyú a? B: Nh bù zhc dào, qí shí wi zhèng zài xifng bànff. A: Mr. Wang, you really can handle pressure. There are loads of pressing issues and you can still fish calmly? B: You don’t know it, but I’m thinking of solutions right now. Usage: Functions as predicate or attributive. Variant: 火烧眉毛到眼前 Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.



Entries 385 – 386: 空手套白狼 and 一瓶子不满，半瓶子晃荡 295 385. 空手套白狼 (空手套白狼)  kdng shiu tào bái láng

Translated character by character, 空手套白狼 means ‘empty-hands-catch-whitewolf,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to gain something without risking anything of one’s own.’ Example 1: A: B:

她一点儿都不想付出啊？ 光想着空手套白狼了。天下哪儿有那么多好事？

A: Ta yìdifnr ddu bù xifng fùche a? B: Guang xifngzhe kdngshiu tào báiláng le. Tianxià nfr yiu nàme dud hfoshì? A: She doesn’t want to put up anything? B: She only wants to gain something without risking anything of her own. Where on earth are there so many good opportunities? Example 2: A:

有人认为咨询公司没有什么实物资产，做生意就是空手套白狼。

A: Yiurén rènwéi zcxún gdngsc méiyiu shénme shíwù zcchfn, zuò shbngyì jiùshì kdngshiu tào báiláng. A: Some people think consulting companies don’t have any real assets and their business is gaining something without risking anything of their own. Usage: Functions mainly as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory or neutral in meaning.

386. 一瓶子不满，半瓶子晃荡 (一瓶子不滿，

半瓶子晃蕩)  yì píngzi bù mfn, bàn píngzi huàngdang Translated character by character, 一瓶子不满，半瓶子晃荡 means ‘one-bottle-notfull, half-bottle-slosh,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘those who know don’t speak, those who speak don’t know.’ Its functional translation is ‘empty barrels make the most noise.’ Example 1: A: B:

他刚学了几句法语，就在大家面前炫耀。 一瓶子不满，半瓶子晃荡，其实只懂三五句。

A: Ta gang xuéle jh jù Ffyj, jiù zài dàjia miànqián xuànyào. B: Yì píngzi bù mfn, bàn píngzi huàngdang, qíshí zhh ding san-wj jù.

296  Entry 387: 脱了裤子放屁 A: He’s only learned a little French and he’s showing off in front of everyone. B: Empty barrels make the most noise. He really only knows a few phrases. Example 2: A: B:

她总是觉得自己高人一头，比别人有见识。 一瓶子不满，半瓶子晃荡，这样的人肤浅得很。

A: Ta zingshi juéde zìjh gaorén-yìtóu, bh biéren yiu jiànshi. B: Yì píngzi bù mfn, bàn píngzi huàngdang, zhèyàng de rén feqifn de hgn. A: She always thinks she’s head and shoulders above the rest, that she’s more experienced than others. B: Empty barrels make the most noise. Those kinds of people are very shallow. Usage: Used singly. Variants: 一瓶(子)不满半瓶晃; 一瓶不响, 半瓶晃荡 Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning.

387. 脱了裤子放屁 (脫了褲子放屁)  tud le kùzi fàng pì Translated character by character, 脱了裤子放屁 means ‘take off-ed-pants-fart,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to be excessive and unnecessary.’ Its functional translation is ‘as useless as tits on a bull.’ Example 1:

我要买辆中档的日本车，但是还差三千美元呢。你能不能借给我 两、三千块？ B: 买日本车干什么？德国车多好。 A: 你这不是脱了裤子放屁嘛？日本车我还买不起呢，更不用说德国车 了。

A:

A: Wi yào mfi liàng zhdngdàng de Rìbgn chb, dànshì hái chà sanqian mgiyuán ne. Nh néngbùnéng jièggi wi lifng, san qian kuài? B: Mfi Rìbgn chb gàn shénme? Déguó chb dud hfo. A: Nh zhè búshì tudle kùzi fàngpì ma? Rìbgn chb wi hái mfi bù qh ne, gèng búyòng shud Déguó chb le. A: I want to buy a mid-range Japanese car, but I’m still three thousand dollars short. Can you lend me two or three thousand bucks? B: What’re you doing buying a Japanese car? German cars are great. A: That comment is as useless as tits on a bull. I can’t even afford a Japanese car, to say nothing of a German car.



Entry 388: 借东风 297

Example 2:

快春节了，报纸上又说了，“领导干部在节日期间不能收受红包或 礼物”。 B: 简直是脱了裤子放屁！分明是在提醒老百姓应该给领导送礼。 A:

A: Kuài chenjié le, bàozhh shàng yòu shud le, “lhngdfo gànbù zài jiérì qcjian bùnéng shdushòu hóngbao huò lhwù”. B: Jifnzhí shì tudle kùzi fàngpì! Fbnmíng shì zài tíxhng lfobfixìng ycnggai ggi lhngdfo sònglh. A: It’s almost Lunar New Year. In the newspaper it said, “Leaders and cadres cannot accept holiday money or gifts during the holidays.” B: That’s as useless as tits on a bull! Clearly they’re just reminding people that they should give gifts to officials. Usage: Functions as predicative. Note: Derogatory in meaning.

388. 借东风 (借東風)  jiè ddng fbng Translated character by character, 借东风 means ‘borrow-east-wind,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to turn a trend or situation to one’s advantage,’ or ‘to learn from someone else’s experience.’ Its functional translation is ‘to ride the wave.’ Example 1: A:

这是千载难逢的好机会，我们要借政策的东风，把我们的事业推上 一个台阶。

A: Zhè shì qianzfi-nánféng de hfo jchuì, wimen yào jiè zhèngcè de ddngfbng, bf wimen de shìyè tuc shàng yígè táijib. A: This is a once in a lifetime opportunity. We need to ride the wave of this policy and take our careers to the next level. Example 2:

今年全国的失业率平均百分之八，我们省的是百分之十，但是邻省 的只有百分之五。 B: 我们得到邻省借东风，好好看看人家是怎么搞的。 A:

A: Jcnnián quánguó de shcyèlq píngjen bfi fbn zhc ba, wimen shgng de shì bfifbnzhc shí, dànshì lín shgng de zhhyiu bfifbnzhc wj. B: Wimen dgi dào lín shgng jièddngfbng, hfohao kànkàn rénjia shì zgnme gfo de.

298  Entries 389 – 390: 白开水 and 鲤鱼跳龙门 A: The national unemployment rate is 8 percent and our state’s unemployment rate is 10 percent, but the neighboring state’s is only 4 percent. B: We need to go there to learn from their experience and see how they do it. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Neutral in meaning.

389. 白开水 (白開水)  bái kai shuh Translated character by character, 白开水 means ‘plain-boiled-water,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘very boring.’ Its functional translation is ‘vanilla.’ Example 1: A: B:

你的老板怎么样？ 只知道工作，别的都不感兴趣，跟一杯白开水似的。

A: Nhde lfobfn zgnmeyàng? B: Zhh zhcdào gdngzuò, biéde ddu bù gfn xìngqù, gbn yì bbi báikaishuh shìde. A: What is your boss like? B: All he knows is work; he’s not interested in anything else. He’s very vanilla. Example 2: A: B:

生活太无聊了。 是啊，就像白开水。不行，我才三十岁，得找些刺激的事做。

A: Shbnghuó tài wúliáo le. B: Shì a, jiù xiàng báikaishuh. Bùxíng, wi cái sanshí suì, dgi zhfo xib cìjc de shì zuò. A: Life is so boring. B: Yeah, it’s very vanilla. I need to do something about that. I’m only 30, I need to find some exciting things to do. Usage: Functions as predicative. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

390. 鲤鱼跳龙门 (鯉魚跳龍門)  lh yú tiào lóng mén Translated character by character, 鲤鱼跳龙门 means ‘carp-jump-dragon-gate,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to advance to a point at which one’s success is guaranteed.’ Its functional translation is ‘to get one’s big break.’



Entry 391: 强龙压不住地头蛇 299

Example 1: A: B:

他用了二十年心血，终于进入了这个委员会。 鲤鱼跳龙门了，以后可以大有作为了。

A: Ta yòngle èrshí nián xcnxuè, zhdngyú jìnrùle zhègè wgiyuánhuì. B: Lhyú tiào Lóngmén le, yhhòu kgyh dàyiuzuòwéi le. A: With twenty years of blood and toil, he finally got onto this committee. B: He’s gotten his big break. Now he can do great things. Example 2: A:

如果一位不知名的作家的小说能被《纽约时报》推荐，那就像鲤鱼 跃过了龙门，作家的名气一下子就大了。

A: Rúgui yí wèi bù zhcmíng de zuòjia de xifoshud néng bèi “Nijyub Shíbào” tucjiàn, nà jiù xiàng lhyú yuè guò le Lóngmén, zuòjia de míngqì yíxiàzi jiù dà le. A: If an unknown author’s novel is recommended by the New York Times, it’s a big break. The author will immediately become famous. Usage: Functions as predicate. Variant: 鲤鱼跃龙门 Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning. Legend has it that if a carp can jump over a gate called ‘Dragon Gate’ in a stretch of the Yellow River located in Shanxi Province, it will become a dragon.

391. 强龙压不住地头蛇 (強龍壓不住地頭蛇)  qiáng lóng ya bú zhù dìtóushé Translated character by character, 强龙压不住地头蛇 means ‘powerful-dragonsuppress-not-able-local-snake,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘even a powerful outsider cannot crush a local bully.’ Its functional translation is ‘you can’t beat someone on their home turf.’ Example 1:

那么大牌的歌星到一个小县城去开演唱会，结果演砸了。听说是让 几个小混混搞的。 B: 强龙压不住地头蛇，对这些地头蛇，谁也没办法。 A:

A: Nàme dàpái de gbxcng dào yígè xifo xiànchéng qù kai yfnchànghuì, jiégui yfn zá le. Tcngshud shì ràng jh gè xifohùnhun gfo de. B: Qiáng lóng ya bú zhù dìtóushé, duì zhèxib dìtóushé, shéi yg méi bànfa.

300  Entry 392: 这山望着那山高 A: That huge pop star went to a small county seat to give a concert and it was a failure. I heard it was the doing of a few punks. B: You can’t beat someone on their home turf. No one can handle them. Example 2: A: B:

总统侯选人竞选的时候到了某地都要事先打听当地的头面人物有谁。 是啊，强龙不压地头蛇，在地方办事还需要他们。

A: Zingting hòuxufnrén jìngxufn de shíhou dàole miu dì ddu yào shìxian dfting dangdì de tóumiàn rénwù shì shéi. B: Shì a, qiáng lóng ya bú zhù dìtóushé, zài dàngdì bànshì hái xeyào tamen. A: When running for president, upon arriving in a particular location, the candidate must first inquire as to who the most important people are. B: Yeah, you can’t beat someone on their home turf. In order to do things in their area, you need them. Usage: Used singly. Variants: 强龙斗不过地头蛇; 强龙难压地头蛇 Note: Neutral in meaning.

392. 这山望着那山高 (這山望著那山高)  zhè shan wàng zhe nà shan gao Translated character by character, 这山望着那山高 means ‘this-mountain-look-ingthat-mountain-tall,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘the other mountain always looks higher.’ Its functional translation is ‘the grass is always greener on the other side.’ Example 1: A: B:

有的人总想换工作。 这山望着那山高，总会有更好的工作，永远换不完。

A: Yiude rén zing xifng huàn gdngzuò. B: Zhè shan wàngzhe nà shan gao, zòng huì yiu gèng hfo de gdngzuò, yingyufn huàn bù wán. A: Some people are always itching to change jobs. B: The grass is always greener on the other side. There will always be a better job. They will never stop moving. Example 2: A: B:

他从中国到了美国，现在又想去欧洲。 是啊，这山望着那山高，不过，欧洲的确比美国好。



Entry 393: 光脚的不怕穿鞋的 301

A: Ta cóng Zhdngguó dàole Mgiguó, xiànzài yòu xifngqù nuzhdu. B: Shì a, zhè shan wàngzhe nà shan gao, búguò, nuzhdu díquè bh Mgiguó hfo. A: He came to the US from China; now he wants to go to Europe. B: Yes, the grass is always greener on the other side, but Europe actually is better than the US. Usage: Used singly. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

393. 光脚的不怕穿鞋的 (光腳的不怕穿鞋的)  guang jifo de bú pà chuan xié de Translated character by character, 光脚的不怕穿鞋的 means ‘bare-foot-de (people)not-fear-wear-shoes-de (people),’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘those with nothing do not fear those with power.’ Its functional translation is ‘he who is down need fear no fall.’ Example 1: A: B:

你一个普通老百姓，敢抗拒政府拆迁的命令，不怕有人收拾你吗？ 光脚的不怕穿鞋的，他们还能把我怎么样？大不了坐几年监狱。

A: Nh yígè pjtdng lfobfixìng, gfn kàngjù zhèngfj chaiqian de mìnglìng, bú pà yiurén shdushi nh ma? B: Guangjifo de bú pà chuanxié de, tamen hái néng bf wi zgnmeyàng? Dàbùlifo zuò jh nián jianyù. A: You’re an average person, how do you dare resist the government’s demolition order? Aren’t you worried someone is going to rough you up? B: He who is down need fear no fall. What else can they do to me? Nothing worse than a few years in jail. Example 2: A: B:

这场球赛有啥看头？中国男足的实力与巴西队是天上地下啊！ 别这么说，光脚的不怕穿鞋的，中国男足如果像爷们儿一样去踢， 不一定输得太难看。

A: Zhè cháng qiúsài yiu shá kàntou? Zhdngguó nánzú de shílì yj Baxcduì shì tianshang-dìxia a! B: Bié zhème shud, guangjifo de bú pà chuanxié de, Zhdngguó nánzú rúgui xiàng yémenr yíyàng qù tc, bùyídìng she de tài nánkàn. A: What’s worth watching about this match? China’s men’s soccer team is nowhere near as strong as Brazil’s. B: Don’t say that. He who is down need fear no fall. If our team plays like men, we won’t necessarily lose that badly.

302  Entry 394: 不成功，便成仁 Usage: Used singly. Note: Humorous in meaning.

394. 不成功，便成仁 (不成功，便成仁)  bù chénggdng, biàn chéng rén Translated character by character, 不成功，便成仁 means ‘not-became-successful, then-die for-justice,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘I’ll stake something on it,’ or ‘to win or die trying.’ Example 1: A: B: A:

老板，把这件事交给我办吧？ 这件事难度不小，而且一旦失败，影响很大。 您放心，我不成功，便成仁。如果失败，我主动辞职。

A: Lfobfn, bf zhèjiàn shì jiaoggi wi bàn ba? B: Zhèjiàn shì nándù bùxifo, érqig yídàn shcbài, yhngxifng hgn dà. A: Nín fàngxcn, wi bù chénggdng, biàn chéng rén. Rúgui shcbài, wi zhjdòng cízhí. A: Boss, you’re giving me that issue to deal with, right? B: This is a difficult issue. If you happen to fail, the repercussions will be very large. A: Relax, I’ll stake my career on it. If I fail, I’ll proffer my resignation. Example 2: A: B:

我看他孤注一掷了，把希望都寄托在女性选民身上了。 是啊，这次不成功就得成仁了，因为他把大部分男性选民都惹了。

A: Wi kàn ta gezhù-yízhì le, bf xcwàng ddu jìtud zài nrxìng xufnmín shbnshàng le. B: Shì a, zhècì bù chénggdng jiù dgi chéng rén le, ycnwèi ta bf dàbùfen nánxìng xufnmín ddu rg le. A: I think he’s putting all of his eggs in one basket, putting all of his hopes on female voters. B: Yeah. This time, he’ll win or die trying, because he offended a lot of male voters. Usage: Functions as predicate. Variant: 不成功, 则成仁 Note: Neutral in meaning.



Entries 395 – 396: 滚刀肉 and 久病成良医 303 395. 滚刀肉 (滾刀肉)  gjn dao ròu

Translated character by character, 滚刀肉 means ‘rolling-knife-meat,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘a person who is annoying and difficult to deal with.’ Its functional translation is ‘a real piece of work.’ Example 1: A: B: A:

无论她说什么你都别跟她吵。 为什么？ 她是个滚刀肉。

A: Wúlùn ta shud shénme nh ddu bié gbn ta chfo. B: Wèishénme? A: Ta shì gè gjndaoròu. A: No matter what she says, don’t argue with her. B: Why? A: She’s a real piece of work. Example 2: A:

他从小就是个滚刀肉，没有人敢惹他。

A: Ta cóngxifo jiù shì gè gjndaoròu, méiyiu rén gfn rg ta. A: Ever since he was young, he’s been a real piece of work. No one dares rile him up. Usage: Nominal element, functions as predicative. Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning.

396. 久病成良医 (久病成良醫)  jij bìng chéng liáng yc Translated character by character, 久病成良医 means ‘prolonged-illness-make-gooddoctor,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘prolonged illness makes the patient a good doctor.’ Example 1: A: B:

你真厉害，连汽车都会修！ 哪儿啊！我那辆老爷车整天坏，去修车铺都修不起，只好自己鼓 捣，现在久病成良医了。

A: Nh zhbn lìhai, lián qìchb ddu huì xie! B: Nfr a! Wi nà liàng lfoyechb zhgngtian huài, qù xiechbpù ddu xie bùqh, zhhhfo zìjh gjdao, xiànzài jij bìng chéng liángyc le.

304  Entry 397: 枕边风 A: You’re awesome. You can even fix cars! B: It’s nothing! That old car of mine is always broken, and I can’t afford to have it fixed at the shop, so I tinker with it myself. Now, prolonged illness has made the patient a good doctor. Example 2: A: B: A:

这种水果伤胃，不能跟糖一起吃。 你怎么知道这么多养生知识？ 我从小体弱多病，久病成良医，算是半个医生吧。

A: Zhèzhing shuhgui shang wèi, bùnéng gbn táng yìqh chc. B: Nh zgnme zhcdào zhème dud yfngshbng zhcshi? A: Wi cóngxifo thruò-dudbìng, jij bìng chéng liángyc, suànshì bàngè ycshbng ba. A: This kind of fruit can harm your stomach. You can’t eat it with sugar. B: How do you know so much about staying healthy? A: I’ve had a fragile constitution since I was little. Prolonged illness makes a good doctor. I guess I’m practically a doctor now. Usage: Functions as predicate or used singly. Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.

397. 枕边风 (枕邊風)  zhgn bian fbng Translated character by character, 枕边风 means ‘pillow-side-wind,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘the conversation that a couple has in bed before going to sleep.’ Its functional translation would be ‘pillow talk.’ Example 1: A: B:

他昨天还说要那样做来着，今天怎么就变了？ 肯定是他老婆吹枕边风了。

A: Ta zuótian hái shud yào nàyàng zuò láizhe, jcntian zgnme jiù biàn le? B: Kgndìng shì ta lfopo chuc zhgnbianfbng le. A: He said yesterday that he wanted to do it that way. How has he changed his mind today? B: It’s definitely his wife’s pillow talk. Example 2: A: B:

我们怎么才能改变他的决定呢？ 你这样吧，先试着找他老婆谈谈。如果他老婆愿意帮忙，吹吹枕边 风，他可能就会改变决定了。



Entry 398: 一锤子买卖 305

A: Wimen zgnme cáinéng gfibiàn ta de juédìng ne? B: Nh zhèyàng ba, xian shìzhe zhfo ta lfopo tántán. Rúgui ta lfopo yuànyì bangmáng, chucchuc zhgnbianfbng, ta kgnéng jiù huì gfibiàn juédìng le. A: How can we change his decision? B: This is what you need to do: first, try to find his wife and talk to her. If his wife is willing to help and work it into her pillow talk, he might just change his decision. Usage: Functions mainly as object of ‘吹.’ Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning.

398. 一锤子买卖 (一錘子買賣)  yì chuízi mfimai Translated character by character, 一锤子买卖 means ‘a-hammer-business,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘a one-time deal.’ Its functional translation is ‘to skin the sheep.’ Example 1: A: B:

他们公司产品的服务靠得住吗？ 根本靠不住。他们公司干的都是一锤子买卖，赚钱以后就跑了。

A: Tamen gdngsc chfnphn de fúwù kào de zhù ma? B: Gbnbgn kào bú zhù. Tamen gdngsc gàn de ddu shì yì chuízi mfimai, zuàn qián yhhòu jiù pfo le. A: Is their company’s customer service reliable? B: It really isn’t. Their company is of the ‘skin the sheep’ mindset. Once they’ve gotten their money, they disappear. Example 2: A: B:

我们给合作方的利润太高了。 是很高，但是我们的目的是长期合作，所以不搞一锤子买卖。

A: Wimen ggi hézuòfang de lìrùn tài gao le. B: Shì hgn gao, dànshì wimen de mùdì shì chángqc hézuò, suiyh bù gfo yì chuízi mfimai. A: We give too much profit to our collaborators. B: It is a lot, but our goal is long-term cooperation, so we don’t skin the sheep. Usage: Functions as object of verbs like ‘是,’ ‘搞,’ or ‘做.’ Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.

306  Entries 399 – 400: 横挑鼻子竖挑眼 and 唱空城计 399. 横挑鼻子竖挑眼 (橫挑鼻子豎挑眼)  héng tiao bízi shù tiao yfn Translated character by character, 横挑鼻子竖挑眼 means ‘this way-criticize-nosethat way-criticize-eyes,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to pick out small flaws.’ Its functional translation is ‘to do one’s utmost to find problems where there are none.’ Example 1: A:

他跟我过不去，总是横挑鼻子竖挑眼。

A: Ta gbn wi guòbúqù, zingshì héng tiao bízi shù tiao yfn. A: He’s out to get me. He’s always finding problems where there are none. Example 2: A: B:

你们俩关系好像有点儿紧张。 说白了吧，他忌妒我，所以就借着手里的权力对我的工作横挑鼻子 竖挑眼。

A: Nhmen lif guanxì hfoxiàng yiudifnr jhnzhang. B: Shudbáile ba, ta jìdù wi, suiyh jiù jièzhe shiulh de quánlì duì wide gdngzuò héng tiao bízi shù tiao yfn. A: It seems that the relationship between you two is a little tense. B: To speak candidly, he’s jealous of me, so he uses the power he has in his hands to find problems in my work where there are none. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

400. 唱空城计 (唱空城計)  chàng kdng chéng jì Translated character by character, 唱空城计 means ‘play-empty-city-stratagem,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to act confident and bold in order to conceal weakness,’ or ‘to not be at home.’ Its functional translation is ‘to bluff,’ or ‘to not be at home.’ Example 1: A: B:

找到他没有？ 这小子跟我唱空城计，连家都不回。

A: Zhfo dào ta méi yiu? B: Zhè xifozi gbn wi chàng kdngchéngjì, lián jia ddu bù huí.



Entry 401: 一刀切 307

A: Did you find him? B: That kid’s avoiding me. He doesn’t even go home. Example 2: A: B:

他说他要买瑞士银行的股票。 唱空城计呢吧？是不是想卖啊？

A: Ta shud ta yào mfi Ruìshì Yínháng de gjpiào. B: Chàng kdngchéngjì ne ba? Shìbúshì xifng mài a? A: He said he wants to buy UBS stock. B: He’s bluffing, right? Doesn’t he want to sell? Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.

401. 一刀切 (一刀切)  yì dao qib Translated character by character, 一刀切 means ‘one-knife-cut,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to make hard and fast rules.’ Its functional translation is ‘cookie-cutter,’ or ‘use cookie-cutter methods.’ Example 1: A:

在处理问题的时候不能搞一刀切，要具体事情具体分析。

A: Zài chjlh wèntí de shíhou bùnéng gfo yìdaoqib, yào jùth shìqing jùth fbnxi. A: When fixing problems, you can’t use cookie-cutter methods. You need to tailor your response. Example 2: A:

在小学课本的编写上，要充分考虑到各地的文化差异，防止一刀切， 全国只有一套课本。

A: Zài xifoxué kèbgn de bianxig shang, yào chdngfèn kfolq dào gèdì de wénhuà chayì, fángzhh yìdaoqib, quánguó zhhyiu yí tào kèbgn. A: In writing an elementary school textbook, one needs to fully consider the cultural differences of different regions in order to prevent the whole country from having just one, cookie-cutter textbook. Usage: Functions mainly as predicate, usually after ‘搞’ or ‘防止.’ Note: Neutral in meaning.

308  Entries 402 – 403: 旧瓶装新酒 and 两面三刀 402. 旧瓶装新酒 (舊瓶裝新酒)  jiù píng zhuang xcn jij Translated character by character, 旧瓶装新酒 means ‘old-bottle-hold-new-wine,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘new content in an old form.’ Example 1: A:

社会上的很多流行语实际上套用的是以前的固定语的格式，旧瓶装 新酒，只是内容新而已。

A: Shèhuì shàng de hgndud liúxíngyj shíjìshang tàoyòng de shì yhqián de gùdìngyj de géshì, jiù píng zhuang xcn jij, zhhshì nèiróng xcn éryh. A: A lot of society’s popular sayings actually borrow the constructions of existing expressions. It’s new content in an old form. The only thing that’s new is the content. Example 2: A:

这是一个当代梁祝的故事，导演极力想旧瓶装新酒，给这个故事新 的内涵。

A: Zhè shì yígè dangdài Liángzhù de gùshi, dfoyfn jílì xifng jiù píng zhuang xcn jij, ggi zhègè gùshì xcn de nèihán. A: This is a modern day Romeo and Juliet story. The director badly wants to put new content into an old form and give the story a new connotation. Usage: Functions as predicate or used singly. Note: Neutral in meaning.

403. 两面三刀 (兩面三刀)  lifng miàn san dao Translated character by character, 两面三刀 means ‘two-faces-three-blades,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘deceitful and insincere.’ Its functional translation is ‘two-faced,’ or ‘double-dealing.’ Example 1: A: B:

他是我的朋友，会帮我的。 他也是你的对手的朋友，也会帮他的。这个人两面三刀的，不可 靠。

A: Ta shì wide péngyiu, huì bang wide. B: Ta yg shì nhde duìshiu de péngyiu, yg huì bang ta de. Zhègè rén lifngmiànsandao de, bù kgkào.



Entry 404: 一把钥匙开一把锁 309

A: He’s my friend. He’ll help me. B: He’s also your competitor’s friend and will help him. He’s a double-dealer. He can’t be relied upon. Example 2: A:

她是一个两面三刀的女人，对她要留一个心眼儿。

A: Ta shì yígè lifngmiàn-sandao de nrrén, duì ta yào liú yígè xcnyfnr. A: She’s a two-faced woman. You have to keep an eye on her. Usage: Functions as attributive or predicate. Note: Derogatory in meaning.

404. 一把钥匙开一把锁 (一把鑰匙開一把鎖)  yì bf yàoshi kai yì bf sui Translated character by character, 一把钥匙开一把锁 means ‘one-MW-key-open-oneMW-lock,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘there is a discrete answer to every problem.’ Its functional translation is ‘there is a key for every lock.’ Example 1: A: B:

她怎么那么不开心？你去劝劝她。 你把她惹得那么不高兴，一把钥匙开一把锁，还是你自己去劝吧？

A: Ta zgnme nàme bù kaixcn? nh qù quànquàn ta. B: Nh bf ta rg de nàme bù gaoxìng, yì bf yàoshi kai yì bf sui, háishì nh zìjh qù quàn ba? A: How is she so unhappy? You should go comfort her. B: You’re the one who made her so unhappy. There is a key for every lock; maybe you should go comfort her yourself. Example 2: A:

每个国家都有自己的难处，没有一种解决办法能够包打天下。一把 钥匙开一把锁，适合这个国家的办法在别的国家就很可能行不通。

A: Mgi gè guójia ddu yiu zìjh de nánchù, méiyiu yìzhing jigjué bànff nénggòu baodf-tianxià. Yì bf yàoshi kai yì bf sui, shìhé zhègè guójia de bànff zài biéde guójia jiù hgn kgnéng xíng bù tdng. A: Every country has its own difficulties and there is no all-encompassing solution. There is a key for every lock and a fitting solution for this country might very well not work in another country Usage: Used singly. Note: Neutral in meaning.

310  Entry 405: 打一巴掌，给个甜枣 405. 打一巴掌，给个甜枣 (打一巴掌，給個甜棗)  df yì bazhang, ggi gè tián zfo Translated character by character, 打一巴掌，给个甜枣 means ‘give-one-slap, givea-sweet-date,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to severely punish someone and give them something good afterwards to keep their spirits up.’ Its functional translation is ‘to throw someone a bone,’ or ‘to use the carrot and stick approach.’ Example 1: A: B:

在这次换届中，他没能如愿从副系主任升为系主任，真够委屈的。 也不尽然，上头打一巴掌，给个甜枣，虽说没让他升为系主任，但 是职称从副教授升为正教授了。

A: Zài zhècì huànjiè zhdng, ta méi néng rúyuàn cóng fù xìzhjrèn shbng wéi xìzhjrèn, zhbn gòu wgiqe de. B: Yg bú jìnrán, shàngtou df yì bazhang, ggi gè tián zfo, sucshud méi ràng ta shbngwéi xìzhjrèn, dànshì zhíchbng cóng fùjiàoshòu shbngwéi zhèngjiàoshòu le. A: In this transition, he wasn’t promoted from associate department chair to department chair as he’d hoped. It’s so wrong. B: Not necessarily. His superior threw him a bone. While they didn’t allow him to become a department chair, his title was elevated from associate professor to full professor. Example 2: A:

一个男生手捧一束鲜花去请一个女生吃饭，可是女生断然拒绝。为 了使男生免于过分尴尬，女生打一巴掌后给个甜枣，说以后有好电 影可以考虑一起去看。

A: Yígè nánshbng shiupgng yí shù xianhua qù qhng yígè nrshbng chcfàn, kgshì nrshbng duànrán jùjué. Wèile shh nánshbng mifnyú guòfèn gangà, nrshbng df yì bazhang hòu ggi gè tián zfo, shud yhhòu yiu hfo diànyhng kgyh kfolq yìqh qù kàn. A: A man asked a woman out with a bunch of flowers in his hand, but the woman flatly refused him. In order to avoid making the man feel too awkward, the woman threw him a bone, saying that if there were a good movie later, she would consider seeing it with him. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning.



Entries 406 – 407: 先君子后小人 and 尺有所短，寸有所长 311 406. 先君子后小人 (先君子後小人)  xian jenzh hòu xiforén

Translated character by character, 先君子后小人 means ‘first-gentleman-after-meanperson,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to prefer peaceful negotiation but resort to force if reason cannot be found.’ Its functional translation is ‘let’s not let this get ugly.’ Example 1:

就这样定了，咱们先君子后小人，如果违约，虽然咱们是好朋友， 也得法庭上见了。 B: 你放心吧。我对不起谁也不能对不起你啊！

A:

A: Jiù zhèyàng dìng le, zánmen xian jenzh hòu xiforén, rúgui wéiyub, sucrán zánmen shì hfo péngyiu, yg dgi fftíng shàng jiàn le. B: Nh fàngxcn ba. wi duìbùqh shuí yg bùnéng duìbùqh nh a! A: Let’s settle it this way. Let’s not let this get ugly. If you break the contract, even though we are good friends, I’ll have to see you in court. B: Relax, I could wrong others but I would never wrong you! Example 2: A:

他为人圆滑，在自己的利益上寸步不让，凡事都先君子后小人，滴 水不漏。

A: Ta wéirén yuánhuá, zài zìjh de lìyì shàng cùn bù bú ràng, fánshì ddu xian jenzh hòu xiforén, dc shuh bú lòu. A: He’s shrewd. He refuses to budge an inch when it comes to his interests and he always makes the terms watertight before he strikes a deal. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Neutral in meaning.

407. 尺有所短，寸有所长 (尺有所短，寸有所長)  chh yiu sui dufn, cùn yiu sui cháng Translated character by character, 尺有所短，寸有所长 means ‘foot-have-its-shortness, inch-have-its-length,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘no one is perfect, but no one is worthless either.’ Example 1: A: B:

没想到，这次是以前完全不起眼的他解决了这个大难题。 是啊，尺有所短，寸有所长，以后我们还真得好好挖掘一下每个人 的长处。

312  Entry 408: 出来混的，总要还的 A: Méi xifng dào, zhècì shì yhqián wánquán bùqhyfn de ta jigjué le zhègè dà nántí. B: Shì a, chh yiu sui dufn, cùn yiu sui cháng, yhhòu wimen hái zhbn dgi hfohao wajué yíxià mgi gè rén de chángchù. A: I wouldn’t have thought that that previously utterly undistinguished guy would solve this big problem. B: Yeah, no one is perfect, but no one is worthless either. We should really thoroughly uncover every person’s merits. Example 2:

他是一个乡巴佬，能有什么本事？ B: 话不能这么说，尺有所短，寸有所长，单说他的勤奋精神，就是我 们在座的都比不了的。

A:

A: Ta shì yígè xiangbalfo, néng yiu shénme bgnshì? B: Huà bùnéng zhème shud, chh yiu sui dufn, cùn yiu sui cháng, dan shud ta de qínfèn jcngshén, jiùshì wimen zàizuò de ddu bh bùlifo de. A: He’s a bumpkin. What could he be good at? B: You can’t say that. No one is perfect, but no one is worthless either. Just in terms of his work ethic, no one here can compete with him. Usage: Used singly. Variant: 寸有所长 Note: Neutral or slightly complimentary in meaning. 408. 出来混的，总要还的 (出來混的，總要還的)  chelai hùn de, zing yào huán de Translated character by character, 出来混的，总要还的 means ‘leave-home-make a living, some day-will-pay for-it,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘every bad deed will eventually have its consequences.’ Its functional translation is ‘chickens come home to roost.’ Example 1: A: B:

他都要退休了，还是因为受贿被判刑了。 出来混的，总要还的。

A: Ta ddu yào tuìxie le, háishì ycnwèi shòuhuì bèi pànxíng le. B: Chelai hùn de, zing yào huán de. A: He was going to retire, but he was still convicted for accepting bribes. B: Chickens will always come home to roost.



Entry 409: 画虎不成反类犬 313

Example 2:

他年轻的时候对别人太苛刻，现在年纪大了，结果连一个朋友都没 有。 B: 出来混，迟早要还的。 A:

A: Ta niánqcng de shíhòu duì biérén tài kbkè, xiànzài niánjì dà le, jiégui lián yígè péngyiu ddu méiyiu. B: Chelai hùn, chízfo yào huán de. A: When he was young, he was too hard on others. Now that he’s old, he doesn’t have even one friend. B: Chickens come home to roost. Usage: Used singly. Variant: 出来混，总要还的 Note: Humorous in meaning. This proverb comes from a line in a 2003 movie: “出来混，迟早要还的.” It has become popular in the last few years.

409. 画虎不成反类犬 (畫虎不成反類犬)  huà hj bù chéng ffn lèi qufn Translated character by character, 画虎不成反类犬 means ‘draw-tiger-not-successfulinstead-resemble-dog,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to try to imitate something and fail miserably.’ Its functional translation is ‘(to try to emulate something beyond one’s ability and) fall flat on one’s face.’ Example 1: A:

他觉得什么都是西方的好，于是拼命模仿，但是缺乏真正理解，结 果画虎不成反类犬。

A: Ta júede shénme ddu shì xcfang de hfo, yúshì pcnmìng móffng, dànshì qubfá zhbnzhèng lhjig, jiégui huà hj bù chéng ffn lèi qufn. A: He thinks all Western things are better, so he kills himself emulating them even though he lacks real understanding. The result is that his imitation is poor and he falls flat on his face. Example 2:

我认为绘画艺术中的野兽派色彩强烈，表现力强。我准备学习这种 风格。 B: 好好想想，这种风格并不适合中国的环境，别最后出现画虎不成反 类犬的情况。 A:

314  Entry 410: 大意失荆州 A: Wi rènwéi huìhuà yìshù zhdng de Ygshòupài sècfi qiángliè, bifoxiànlì qiáng. Wi zhjnbèi xuéxí zhè zhing fbnggé. B: Hfohao xifngxiang, zhè zhing fbnggé bìng bú shìhé Zhdngguó de huánjìng, bié zuìhòu chexiàn huà hj bù chéng ffn lèi qufn de qíngkuàng. A: I think the colors in the Fauvist style of painting are bold. It’s very impressive. I plan on studying this style. B: Make sure to look before you leap. This style doesn’t fit with the appetites of Chinese people. Don’t try to imitate it and end up falling flat on your face. Usage: Functions as predicate or attributive. Variant: 画虎不成反类狗 Note: Slightly derogatory or neutral in meaning.

410. 大意失荆州 (大意失荊州)  dà yì shc Jcngzhdu Translated character by character, 大意失荆州 means ‘careless-lose-Jingzhou,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to suffer a serious setback as the result of a careless mistake.’ Example 1: A:

奥运会上，美国男子篮球队轻视对手，结果大意失荆州，输给了欧 洲的一支球队。

A: Àoyùnhuì shàng, Mgiguó nánzh lánqiúduì qcngshì duìshiu, jiégui dàyi shc Jcngzhdu, she ggi le nuzhdu de yì zhc qiúduì. A: In the Olympics, the US men’s basketball team underestimated their opponents and, as a result, suffered a loss, losing to a European team. Example 2: A:

现任总统在谋求连任时与一位名不见经传的对手展开竞选，他以为 自己会轻松连任，因此竞选活动并不积极。没想到大意失荆州，最 后没能连任。

A: Xiàn rèn zingting zài móuqiú liánrèn shí yj yí wèi míng bú jiàn jcngzhuàn de duìshiu zhfnkai jìngxufn, ta yhwéi zìjh huì qcngsdng liánrèn, ycnch jìngxufn huódòng bìngbù jcjí. Méi xifng dào dàyi shc Jcngzhdu, zuìhòu méi néng liánrèn. A: While seeking a second term, the incumbent president wasn’t proactive about holding campaign events, because he mistakenly believed that he would win reelection easily against an unknown candidate. He hadn’t imagined that he would suffer a loss and, in the end, be unable to serve another term. Usage: Functions as predicate.



Entry 411: 卸磨杀驴 315

Note: Neutral in meaning. Jingzhou (located in modern Hubei province) was a city of strategic importance during the Three Kingdoms Period. The emperor of the Shu Kingdom, Liu Bei sent his most reliable and capable general, Guan Yu to protect the city. But, in the end, Guan Yu lost Jingzhou due to a careless mistake, causing the Shu Kingdom to go on the defensive for the rest of the Three Kingdoms period.

411. 卸磨杀驴 (卸磨殺驢)  xiè mò sha lp Translated character by character, 卸磨杀驴 means ‘unload-mill-kill-donkey,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to get rid of someone as soon as they’ve done their job.’ Its functional translation is ‘to kick someone to the curb when they’ve outlived their usefulness.’ Example 1: A: B:

老朱，别生那么大气了，小心身体。 我能不生气吗？我为公司工作了四十年，最后被打发到那个偏远的 小地方，他们是卸磨杀驴。

A: Lfo Zhe, bié shbng nàme dà qì le, xifoxcn shbnth. B: Wi néng bù shbngqì ma? Wi wèi gdngsc gdngzuò le sìshí nián, zuìhòu bèi dffa dào nàgè pianyufn de xifo dìfang, tamen shì xiè mò sha lp. A: Old Zhu, don’t get so angry. You need to consider your health. B: How could I not be angry? I worked for that company for forty years and, in the end, they sent me to that small, remote area. They kicked me to the curb when I’d outlived my usefulness. Example 2: A:

他为自己的党派与反对派拼命争斗，可是赢了之后，该党却卸磨杀 驴，把所有的过错都让他一个人承担了。

A: Ta wèi zìjh de dfngpài yj ffnduìpài pcnmìng zhbngdòu, kgshì yíngle zhchòu, gai dfng què xiè mò sha lp, bf suiyiu de guòcuò ddu ràng ta yígè rén chéngdan le. A: He fought tooth and nail for his party against the opposition party but, after they won, his party kicked him to the curb, loading him down with all of their mistakes. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Derogatory in meaning.

316  Entry 412: 躺着都中枪 412. 躺着都中枪 (躺著都中槍)  tfng zhe ddu zhòng qiang Translated character by character, 躺着都中枪 means ‘lie-ing-however-got-shot,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to be dragged into something one tried, unsuccessfully, to avoid.’ Its functional translation is ‘to get caught in the crossfire.’ Example 1: A: B:

这件事怎么把你也给卷进去了？ 人要是倒霉了，躺着都中枪。就是因为他们俩都姓王，而我也姓 王，所以就给卷进去了。

A: Zhè jiàn shì zgnme bf nh yg ggi jufn jìnqù le? B: Rén yàoshì dfoméi le, tfngzhe ddu zhòng qiang. Jiùshì ycnwèi tamen lif ddu xìng Wáng, ér wi yg xìng Wáng, suiyh jiù ggi jufn jìnqù le. A: How did you get sucked into this mess? B: If you’re unlucky, you get caught in the crossfire. I got dragged into it because they both have the last name Wang and so do I. Example 2:

现在的独生子女啊，没有任何独立生活能力，全靠父母，尤其是大 城市的。 B: （对C）你是独生子女吗？ C: 我躺着也中枪。我不但是独生子女，而且是上海的独生子女。 A:

A: Xiànzài de dúshbng zhnr a, méiyiu rènhé dúlì shbnghuó nénglì, quán kào fùmj, yóuqí shì dà chéngshì de. B: (duì C) nh shì dúshbng zhnr ma? C: Wi tfngzhe yg zhòng qiang. Wi búdàn shì dúshbng zhnr, érqig shì Shànghfi de dúshbng zhnr. A: Only children today  .  .  .  they’re completely incapable of fending for themselves; they rely completely on their parents, especially those children that live in big cities. B: (To C) Are you an only child? C: I guess I’ve gotten caught in the crossfire here. I’m not only an only child, I’m an only child from Shanghai. Usage: Functions as predicate. Variant: 躺枪 Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.



Entry 413: 脚正不怕鞋歪 317 413. 脚正不怕鞋歪 (腳正不怕鞋歪)  jifo zhèng bú pà xié wai

Translated character by character, 脚正不怕鞋歪 means ‘foot-straight-not-feat-shoecrooked,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘a righteous person is not influenced by rumors.’ Its functional translation is ‘an honest man fears no gossip.’ Example 1: A: B:

最近很多人在背后说你利用职权招聘了你的小姨子进了咱们公司。 老王，随他们说去吧。他们只看到她是我的小姨子，怎么不想想我 的小姨子是北大十佳大学生呢？我脚正不怕鞋歪，别人爱怎么说就 怎么说吧。

A: Zuìjìn hgndud rén zài bèihòu shud nh lìyòng zhíquán zhaopìn le nhde xifoyízh jìnle zánmen gdngsc. B: Lfo Wáng, suí tamen shud qù ba. Tamen zhh kàndào ta shì wide xifoyízh, zgnme bù xifngxifng wide xifoyízh shì Bgidà shí jia dàxuéshbng ne? Wi jifo zhèng bú pà xié wai, biérén ài zgnme shud jiù zgnme shud ba. A: Recently, a lot of people have been saying, behind your back, that you used your authority to hire your sister-in-law into our office. B: Old Wang, let them say what they want. They only see that she is my sisterin-law; why don’t they consider that she was top ten in her class at Peking University? An honest man fears no gossip. Let them say what they want. Example 2: A:

我们领导同志要时时刻刻把人民的利益挂在心头，至于社会上的流 言蜚语，根本不用在乎。脚正不怕鞋歪，人民的眼睛是雪亮的，是 会对我们有一个公正的评价的。

A: Wimen lhngdfo tóngzhì yào shíshí kèkè bf rénmín de lìyì guà zài xcntóu, zhìyú shèhuì shàng de liúyán-fbiyj, gbnbgn búyòng zàihe. Jifo zhèng bú pà xié wai, rénmín de yfnjcng shì xugliàng de, shì huì duì wimen yiu yígè gdngzhèng de píngjià de. A: As leaders, we should have the best interests of the people at heart at all times. As for society’s rumors, they can simply be ignored. An honest man fears no gossip. The people are perceptive; they will have a fair opinion of us. Usage: Used singly. Note: Complimentary in meaning.

318  Entries 414 – 415: 有奶就是娘 and 肉烂在锅里 414. 有奶就是娘 (有奶就是娘)  yiu nfi jiù shì niáng Translated character by character, 有奶就是娘 means ‘have-milk-just-is-mother,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘whoever suckles me is my mother.’ Its functional translation is ‘to sell one’s allegience to the highest bidder.’ Example 1: A: B:

新领导刚上台，他就不停地拍马屁。 这个人有奶就是娘。你再看看他怎么对待刚下台的领导就行了，见 了面连招呼都不打。

A: Xcn lhngdfo gang shàngtái, ta jiù bùtíng de paimfpì. B: Zhège rén yiu nfi jiù shì niáng. Nh kànkan ta zgnme duìdài gang xiàtái de lhngdfo jiù xíng le, jiànle miàn lián zhaohu ddu bù df. A: The new leader has just taken office and he’s already incessantly kissing up to him. B: This guy sells his allegiance to the highest bidder. Just look at how he treats our former leader. He doesn’t even acknowledge him when he sees him. Example 2: A: B:

昨天说得好好的，今天签合同。怎么突然变卦了？ 另一家公司的报价比我们高出一万块钱，他们就不讲信誉了。他们 啊，有奶就是娘。

A: Zuótian shud de hfohao de, jcntian qian hétóng. Zgnme terán jiù biànguà le? B: Lìng yì jia gdngsc de bàojià bh wimen gao che yíwàn kuàiqian, tamen jiù bù jifng xìnyù le. Tamen a, yiu nfi jiù shì niáng. A: Yesterday we talked it out and today we signed a contract. How did it suddenly fall through? B: Another company’s offer was 10,000 RMB more than ours. They don’t take reputation into account; they sell their allegiance to the highest bidder. Usage: Functions as predicate. Variant: 有奶便是娘 Note: Derogatory in meaning.

415. 肉烂在锅里 (肉爛在鍋裏)  ròu làn zài gud lh Translated character by character, 肉烂在锅里 means ‘meat-melt-inside-pot,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘one’s interests have been affected, but the benefits have not accrued to someone else.’ Its functional translation is ‘it’s all in the family.’



Entry 416: 说你胖你就喘 319

Example 1: A: B: A: B:

今天打麻将赢了多少？ 不知道，玩儿以前没数，玩儿以后也没数。 你真是，赌博不在乎输赢！ 那也不是，因为都是亲戚，输赢没关系，反正肉烂在锅里。

A: Jcntian df májiàng yíngle dudshfo? B: Bù zhcdào, wánr yhqián méi shj, wánr yhhòu yg méi shj. A: Nh zhbnshi, djbó bú zàihe sheyíng! B: Nà yg búshì, ycnwèi ddu shì qcnqi, sheyíng méi guanxi, ffnzhèng ròu làn zài gudli. A: B: A: B:

How much did you win playing Mah-jong today? I don’t know. I didn’t count before or after. Look at you, not caring whether you win or lose when you gamble. It’s not like that. Because we’re relatives, winning or losing doesn’t matter. After all, it’s all in the family.

Example 2: A: B:

贪污腐败阻碍经济发展。 这话也对也不对。贪污腐败当然不对；不过，只要不把钱转移到国 外，最终肉还是烂在锅里，钱还是国家的。

A: Tanwe fjbài zj’ài jcngjì fazhfn. B: Zhè huà yg duì yg bú duì. Tanwe fjbài dangrán búduì; búguò, zhhyào bù bf qián zhufnyí dào guówài, zuìzhdng ròu hái shì làn zài gudli, qián háishì guójia de. A: Graft impedes economic development. B: That’s partially correct. Graft definitely isn’t right, but so long as the money isn’t transferred abroad, in the end, it’s all in the family. The money is still in the country. Usage: Usually used after ‘反正.’ Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.

416. 说你胖你就喘 (說你胖你就喘)  shud nh pàng nh jiù chufn Translated character by character, 说你胖你就喘 means ‘say-you-fat-you-just-pant,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to believe a flattering comment said in jest reflects one’s true nature.’ Its functional translation is ‘flattery, like perfume, should be smelled, not swallowed.’

320  Entry 417: 擦屁股 Example 1: A: B: A:

你这个娱乐记者一定采访过很多大明星吧？ 当然啦，像成龙啊，周润发啊经常请我喝茶。 说你胖你就喘上了，你一个狗仔队，人家见到你不骂你就算你幸运了。

A: Nh zhègè yúlè jìzhg yídìng cfiffngguò hgndud dà míngxcng ba? B: Dangrán la, xiàng Chénglóng a, Zhdu Rùnfa a jcngcháng qhng wi hbchá. A: Shud nh pàng nh jiù chufn shàng le, nh yígè giuzfiduì, rénjia jiàn dào nh bú mà nh jiù suàn nh xìngyùn le. A: As an entertainment reporter, you must have interviewed a lot of movie stars, right? B: Of course! Like, Jackie Chan and Chow Yun-fat often invite me for tea. A: Flattery, like perfume, should be smelled, not swallowed. You paparazzi, you should consider yourself lucky if they see you and don’t berate you. Example 2:

你们的产品最近好像很畅销。 是啊。我们已经占领了本省市场，下一步是全国市场，再下一步是 全球市场。我们准备三年内超过英国对手，五年内超过美国对手。 A: 好家伙，说你胖你就喘。什么时候超过火星上的对手啊？ A: B:

A: Nhmen de chfnphn zuìjìn hfoxiàng hgn chàngxiao. B: Shì a. Wimen yhjcng zhànlhngle bgn shgng shìchfng, xiàyíbù shì quánguó shìchfng, zài xiàyíbù shì quánqiú shìchfng. Wimen zhjnbèi san nián nèi chaoguò Ycngguó duìshiu, wj nián nèi chaoguò Mgiguó duìshiu. A: Hfo jiahuo, shud nh pàng nh jiù chufn. Shénme shíhòu chaoguò Huixcng shàng de duìshiu a? A: It seems like your products have been selling well recently. B: Yeah. We’ve already captured the market in this province; next we’ll capture the national market, then the world market. We are prepared to overtake our English rivals in three years, and our American rivals within five years. A: Wow. Flattery, like perfume, should be smelled, not swallowed, buddy. When are you going to overtake your competitors on Mars? Usage: Used singly. Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning.

417. 擦屁股 (擦屁股)  ca pìgu Translated character by character, 擦屁股 means ‘wipe-butt’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to resolve the problems someone has caused.’ Its functional translation is ‘to clean up someone’s mess.’



Entry 418: 皇帝女儿不愁嫁 321

Example 1: A: B:

叔叔，我又有点儿麻烦事。 你小子，总是在外面惹是生非，每次都让我替你擦屁股。

A: Sheshu, wi yòu yiu difnr máfan shì. B: Nh xifozi, zingshì zài wàimiàn rgshì-shbngfbi, mgi cì ddu ràng wi tì nh ca pìgu. A: Uncle, I’ve gotten in trouble again. B: You, boy, are always out stirring up trouble, and I always have to clean up your mess for you. Example 2: A:

邮政局福利高，可是员工效率低，连年亏损，但是政府总是给他们 擦屁股，不断地补贴他们。

A: Yóuzhèngjú fúlì gao, kgshì yuángdng xiàolq dc, lián nián kucsjn, dànshì zhèngfj zingshì ggi tamen ca pìgu, búduàn de bjtib tamen. A: The benefits in the postal service are good, but the efficiency of their employees is low and they’ve lost money many years in a row. But the government always cleans up their mess, continually subsidizing them. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Derogatory and humorous in meaning.

418. 皇帝女儿不愁嫁 (皇帝女兒不愁嫁)  huáng dì nr ér bù chóu jià Translated character by character, 皇帝女儿不愁嫁 means ‘emperor-daughter-notworry-marriage,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to be in an advantageous situation and rely on that for success.’ Its functional translation is ‘sitting pretty.’ Example 1: A:

以前，清华、北大的毕业生可以说是皇帝女儿不愁嫁，但是现在不 同了。

A: Yhqián, Qcnghuá, Bgidà de bìyèshbng kgyh shud shì huáng dì nr ér bù chóu jià, dànshì xiànzài bùtóng le. A: Before, you could say that Tsinghua and Peking University students were sitting pretty, but things are different now.

322  Entry 419: 一朝天子一朝臣 Example 2: A: B:

这种产品怎么二十年来技术上都没有提高，还是那么不好用？ 它们受到政府的保护，处于垄断地位，产品呢，自然是皇帝女儿不 愁嫁，好坏都卖得出去。

A: Zhè zhing chfnphn zgnme èrshí nián lái jìshù shàng ddu méiyiu tígao, háishì nàme bù hfoyòng? B: Tamen shòudào zhèngfj de bfohù, chjyú lingduàn dìwèi, chfnphn ne, zìrán shì huáng dì nr ér bù chóu jià, hfohuài ddu mài de cheqù. A: How is this product still so inconvenient? How has it not improved technologically in the last twenty years? B: They’re protected by the government and have monopolistic standing. As for the product, naturally it’s sitting pretty; it’ll sell whether it’s good or bad. Usage: Functions as predicative or attributive. Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.

419. 一朝天子一朝臣 (一朝天子一朝臣)  yì cháo tianzh yì cháo chén Translated character by character, 一朝天子一朝臣 means ‘one-reign-emperor-onereign-feudal officials,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘new leaders appoint new counsellors.’ Example 1: A: B: A:

有什么事需要王市长办就赶快去找他。 急什么？ 听说王市长明年要调到其他城市去了，一朝天子一朝臣，王市长现 在手下的大部分人都得换，这样王市长以后再说话也就不好使了。

A: Yiu shénme shì xeyào Wáng shìzhfng bàn jiù gfnkuài qù zhfo ta. B: Jí shénme? A: Tcngshud Wáng shìzhfng míngnián yào diào dào qíta chéngshì qù le, yì cháo tianzh yì cháo chén, Wáng shìzhfng xiànzài shiuxià de dàbùfèn rén ddu dgi huàn, zhèyàng Wáng shìzhfng yhhòu zài shudhuà yg jiù bù hfoshh le. A: If you have anything you need Mayor Wang to do, you should see him soon. B: What’s the hurry? A: I hear that Mayor Wang is going to be transferred to another city next year. New leaders appoint new counsellors. Most of the people currently under Mayor Wang must be replaced, so Mayor Wang won’t have much influence afterwards.



Entry 420: 活人让尿憋死 323

Example 2: A:

英国不搞领导终身制，一朝天子一朝臣，执政党若下台，基本上所 有的高级官员都要下台。

A: Ycngguó bù gfo lhngdfo zhdngshbnzhì, yì cháo tianzh yì cháo chén, zhízhèngdfng ruò xiàtái, jcbgnshang suiyiu de gaojí guanyuán ddu yào xiàtái. A: As Britain doesn’t have lifelong tenure, and a new leader appoints new counsellors, if the ruling party is unseated, basically all of the high-level officials must step down. Usage: Used singly. Note: Neutral or slightly derogatory in meaning.

420. 活人让尿憋死 (活人讓尿憋死)  huó rén ràng niào bib sh Translated character by character, 活人让尿憋死 means ‘live-person-let-urinehold in-die,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to not be adaptable.’ Example 1: A: B: A:

你怎么走回来了？为什么不打车？ 我的钱不够。 你真笨，你不会先打车回来，然后从家里取钱给司机，活人还让尿 憋死啊？

A: Nh zgnme ziu huílai le? Wèishénme bù dfchb? B: Wide qián búgòu. A: Nh zhbn bèn, nh búhuì xian dfchb huílai, ránhòu cóng jiali qj qián ggi scjc, huórén hái ràng niào bib sh a? A: Why did you walk back? Why didn’t you take a cab? B: I didn’t have enough money. A: You’re an idiot. Couldn’t you take a cab home and get cash from your house to pay the driver? Why don’t you use your head? Example 2:

咱们这个城市失业率上升、犯罪率上升，生活质量越来越差，怎么 办呢？ B: 那就搬走呗，活人总不能让尿给憋死。 A:

A: Zánmen zhègè chéngshì shcyèlq shàngshbng, fànzuìlq shàngshbng, shbnghuó zhìliàng yuèláiyuè chà, zgnmebàn? B: Nà jiù banziu bei, huórén zingbùnéng ràng niào ggi bib sh.

324  Entries 421 – 422: 走马灯 and 花无百日红 A: The unemployment rate in our city is rising, the crime rate is rising, and the quality of life is getting worse and worse. What should we do? B: Just leave. You can’t be as stubborn as a mule. Usage: Used singly. Variants: (活)人不能让尿(给)憋死 Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning.

421. 走马灯 (走馬燈)  ziu mf dbng Translated character by character, 走马灯 means ‘rotate-horse-lantern,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘an incessant turnover of personnel.’ Its functional translation is ‘a revolving door,’ or ‘musical chairs.’ Example 1: A:

日本和意大利有一段时间政局不稳定，首相或总理走马灯似的换。

A: Rìbgn hé Yìdàlì yiu yí duàn shíjian zhèngjú bù wgndìng, shiuxiàng huò zinglh ziumfdbng shìde huàn. A: Japan and Italy had periods of political instability, changing prime ministers or premiers like musical chairs. Example 2: A:

这个老板脾气古怪，很难相处，秘书走马灯似的换。

A: Zhègè lfobfn píqì gjguài, hgn nán xiangchj, mìshe ziumfdbng shìde huàn. A: That boss has a bizarre temperament and is tough to get along with. Secretaries have come and gone like musical chairs. Usage: Functions as adverbial. Note: Neutral in meaning.

422. 花无百日红 (花無百日紅)  hua wú bfi rì hóng Translated character by character, 花无百日红 means ‘flower-no-hundred-day-red,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘an ideal state cannot last long.’ Its functional translation is ‘nothing good lasts forever.’ Example 1: A: B:

我们曾经的性感女神也老了。 是啊，花无百日红。



Entry 423: 东风压倒西风 325

A: Wimen céngjcng de xìnggfn nrshén yg lfo le. B: Shì a, hua wú bfi rì hóng. A: Our old sex symbol has also aged. B: Yeah, nothing good lasts forever. Example 2: A: B:

你为什么想离开咱们单位？ 咱们单位的确不错，工作稳定，各方面的待遇也很好；但是就是给 人一种缺乏激情的感觉。趁现在还年轻，我想到外边去闯一闯。花 无百日红，也许再过十年，我就不会想换工作了。

A: Nh wèishénme xifng líkai zánmen danwèi? B: Zánmen danwèi díquè búcuò, gdngzuò wgndìng, gè fangmiàn de dàiyù yg hgnhfo; dànshì jiùshì ggi rén yìzhing qubfá jcqíng de gfnjué. Chèn xiànzài hái niánqcng, wi xifng dào wàibian qù chufngyìchufng. Hua wú bfi rì hóng, ygxj zài guò shí nián, wi jiù búhuì xifng huàn gdngzuò le. A: Why do you want to leave our work unit? B: Our work unit is really pretty good; the work is stable, and in many regards we’re treated very well, but it makes me feel deprived of excitement here. I want to see the world outside while I’m still young. Nothing good lasts forever; maybe in another ten years I won’t want to change jobs anymore. Usage: Used singly. Note: Neutral in meaning.

423. 东风压倒西风 (東風壓倒西風)  ddng fbng ya dfo xc fbng Translated character by character, 东风压倒西风 means ‘east-wind-prevail-over-westwind,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘the forces of good far outpower the forces of evil.’ Its functional translation is ‘the good guys win.’ Example 1: A: B:

日本自民党选举哪派赢了？ 我没关注，因为结果不是东风压倒西风，就是西风压倒东风，但 是，哪派上台都差不多。

A: Rìbgn Zìmíndfng xufnjj nf pài yíng le? B: Wi méi guanzhù, ycnwèi jiégui búshì ddngfbng yadfo xcfbng, jiùshì xcfbng yadfo ddngfbng, dànshì, nf pài shàngtái ddu chàbudud. A: Which faction won in Japan’s Liberal Democratic Party’s election? B: I haven’t been following it, because if one group doesn’t win, the other will. But it makes no difference which is in power.

326  Entry 424: 岁月是把杀猪刀 Example 2: A:

这届冬奥会上，东风压倒了西风，亚洲国家赢得了更多金牌。

A: Zhè jiè Ddng’àohuì shàng, ddngfbng yadfo le xcfbng, Yàzhdu guójia yíngdé le gèng dud jcnpái. A: At this Winter Olympics, our side won. Asian countries won more gold medals. Usage: Functions as predicate or predicative. Note: Neutral in meaning.

424. 岁月是把杀猪刀 (歲月是把殺豬刀)  suìyuè shì bf sha zhe dao Translated character by character, 岁月是把杀猪刀 means ‘age-is-MW-slaughter-pigknife,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘time isn’t kind to anyone.’ Example 1: A: B:

哇，几年不见，他竟然这么老了！ 岁月是把杀猪刀啊！

A: Wà, jh nián bú jiàn, ta jìngrán zhème lfo le! B: Suìyuè shì bf sha zhe dao a! A: Wow, I hadn’t seen him for a few years, I’m surprised he looks so old! B: Time isn’t kind to anyone. Example 2: A: B:

咳，前几年还是玉女呢，怎么几年以后就成了大妈了呢？ 岁月是把杀猪刀。

A: Hài, qián jh nián háishì yùnr ne, zgnme jh nián yhhòu jiù chéngle dàma le ne? B: Suìyuè shì bf sha zhe dao. A: Oh, she was still young and beautiful a few years ago. How has she now turned into an old lady? B: Time isn’t kind to anyone. Usage: Used singly. Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.



Entries 425 – 426: 丁是丁，卯是卯 and 多年的媳妇熬成婆 327 425. 丁是丁，卯是卯 (丁是丁，卯是卯)  dcng shì dcng, mfo shì mfo

Translated character by character, 丁是丁，卯是卯 means ‘nail-is-nail, rivet-is-rivet,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to be meticulous.’ Example 1: A:

他做起工作来丁是丁，卯是卯，让人很放心。

A: Ta zuò qh gdngzuò lái dcng shì dcng, mfo shì mfo, ràng rén hgn fàngxcn. A: He’s a very meticulous worker. It makes people feel confident. Example 2: A:

严市长是个丁是丁，卯是卯的人，公私分明。

A: Yán shìzhfng shì gè dcng shì dcng, mfo shì mfo de rén, gdngsc fbnmíng. A: Mayor Yan is very meticulous. He keeps his work separate from his personal life. Usage: Functions as predicate or attributive. Note: Complimentary in meaning. 426. 多年的媳妇熬成婆 (多年的媳婦熬成婆)  dud nián de xífu áo chéng pó Translated character by character, 多年媳妇熬成婆 means ‘many-year-’s-daughterin-law-(finally)-turned-into-mother-in-law,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to reap rewards one has patiently endured hardship to merit.’ Its functional translation is ‘to have paid one’s dues and get what one deserves.’ Example 1: A: B:

他在副市长的位置上干了十年，现在终于提上了正市长。 不容易啊！多年的媳妇熬成了婆。

A: Ta zài fù shìzhfng de wèizhì shàng gànle shí nián, xiànzài zhdngyú tí shàng le zhèng shìzhfng. B: Bù róngyì a! Dud nián de xífu áo chéng le pó. A: He’s been vice-mayor for ten years and has finally been promoted to mayor. B: That doesn’t come easily! He’s paid his dues, now he’s getting what he deserves. Example 2: A: B:

他在这家公司说话终于算数了。 是啊，多年的媳妇熬成婆了。

328  Entry 427: 强将手下无弱兵 A: Ta zài zhè jia gdngsc shudhuà zhdngyú suànshù le. B: Shì a, dud nián de xífu áo chéng pó le. A: His word finally carries weight at this company. B: Yeah. He’s paid his dues, now he’s getting what he deserves. Usage: Used singly. Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.

427. 强将手下无弱兵 (強將手下無弱兵)  qiáng jiàng shiu xià wú ruò bcng Translated character by character, 强将手下无弱兵 means ‘able-general-under-noweak-soldier,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘a good leader has no weak subordinates.’ Its functional translation, is ‘there are no poor soldiers under an able general.’ Example 1: A: B:

这个团队怎么这么能干？ 主要是因为有一个特别能干的头儿，强将手下无弱兵。

A: Zhègè tuánduì zgnme zhème nénggàn? B: Zhjyào shì ycnwèi yiu yígè tèbié nénggàn de tóur, qiáng jiàng shiuxià wú ruò bcng. A: How is this team so capable? B: It’s mainly because of the extremely capable leader. There are no poor soldiers under an able general. Example 2: A: B:

那位诺贝尔化学奖得主的学生们个个都很出色。 那当然，强将手下无弱兵嘛。

A: Nà wèi Nuòbèi’gr huàxuéjifng dézhj de xuéshbngmen gègè ddu hgn chesè. B: Nà dangrán, qiáng jiàng shiuxià wú ruò bcng ma. A: That Nobel laureate’s students are all very distinguished. B: Of course. There are no poor soldiers under an able general. Usage: Used singly. Note: Complimentary in meaning.



Entries 428 – 429: 头痛医头，脚痛医脚 and 拉不出屎来怨茅房 329 428. 头痛医头，脚痛医脚 (頭痛醫頭，腳痛醫腳)  tóu tòng yc tóu, jifo tòng yc jifo

Translated character by character, 头痛医头，脚痛医脚 means ‘head-ache-treat-head, foot-ache-treat-foot,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to treat symptoms as they occur without addressing the underlying issue.’ Its functional translation is ‘to slap a Band-Aid on something.’ Example 1:

那么多农民在街头当小贩，乱糟糟的，太破坏我们城市的形象了。 应该把他们都赶回农村去。 B: 这种办法不是头痛医头，脚痛医脚吗？归根结底是农村的生活差， 所以农民才跑到城市里来。 A:

A: Nàme dud nóngmín zài jibtóu dang xifofàn, luànzaozao de, tài pòhuài wimen chéngshì de xíngxiàng le. Ycnggai bf tamen ddu gfn huí nóngcen qù. B: Zhèzhing bànff búshì tóu tòng yc tóu, jifo tòng yc jifo ma? Gucgbn-jiédh shì nóngcen de shbnghuó chà, suiyh nóngmín cái pfodào chéngshì lh lái. A: There are so many farmers turned peddlers on the streets. It’s a mess, and it’s so damaging to the image of our city. They should shoo them all back to the countryside. B: Isn’t that just slapping a Band-Aid on the problem? The root of it is that country life is bad, so the farmers come flooding into the cities. Example 2: A:

分析事情的时候要能联系地看，抓住事情的本质，然后对症下药， 不能头痛医头，脚痛医脚。

A: Fbnxc shìqíng de shíhòu yào néng liánxì de kàn, zhuazhù shìqíng de bgnzhì, ránhòu duìzhèng-xiàyào, bùnéng tóu tòng yc tóu, jifo tòng yc jifo. A: When you analyze a situation, you need to be able to see things holistically; grasp the essence of the situation. You can’t just slap a Band-Aid on it. Usage: Functions as predicative, attributive or predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

429. 拉不出屎来怨茅房 (拉不出屎來怨茅房)  la bù che shh lái yuàn máofáng Translated character by character, 拉不出屎来怨茅房 means ‘pull-not-out-poopblame-outhouse,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to blame someone or something else for one’s own inability to perform.’ Its functional

330  Entry 430: 东方不亮西方亮 translation is ‘to pass the buck,’ or, in the negative form, ‘a good carpenter doesn’t blame his tools.’ Example 1: A: B:

都怪你不好。 你这个人怎么回事？拉不出屎来怨茅房啊？明明是你自己的事，怎 么怪到我头上来了？

A: Ddu guài nh bùhfo. B: Nh zhègè rén zgnmehuíshì? La bù che shh lái yuàn máofáng a? Míngming shì nh zìjh de cuò, zgnme guài dào wi tóushang lái le? A: It’s all your fault. B: What’s wrong with you, passing the buck on to me? This is clearly your problem. How are you blaming me? Example 2: A: B:

总统把竞选连任失败的责任归到美联储主席头上来了。 瞎扯，那纯粹是拉不出屎来怨茅房。他自己的经济政策不成功怨不 得别人。

A: Zingting bf jìngxufn liánrèn shcbài de zérèn guc dào Mgiliánchj zhjxí tóushang lái le. B: Xiachg, nà chúncuì shì la bù che shh lái yuàn máofáng. Ta zìjh de jcngjì zhèngcè bù chénggdng yuàn bu de biérén. A: The president placed the blame for his reelection loss on the shoulders of the Federal Reserve chairman. B: That’s nonsense! That’s only him passing the buck. His economic policies were not successful. He shouldn’t blame others. Usage: Usually used singly. Note: Derogatory in meaning.

430. 东方不亮西方亮 (東方不亮西方亮)  ddng fang bú liàng xc fang liàng Translated character by character, ‘东方不亮西方亮’ means ‘eastern-world-not-litwestern-world-lit,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb is ‘while something isn’t workable in one place, it might be workable somewhere else.’ Example 1: A: B:

新能源这个行业有前途吗？ 别担心，不行咱们就转行。东方不亮西方亮，哪个行业能赚钱，我 们就干哪个行业。



Entry 431: 老牛拉破车 331

A: Xcnnéngyuán zhègè hángyè yiu qiántú ma? B: Bié danxcn, bùxíng zánmen jiù zhufnháng. Ddngfang bú liàng xcfang liàng, nfgè hángyè néng zuànqián, wimen jiù gàn nfgè hángyè. A: Is there a future in the renewable energy industry? B: Don’t worry, if not we’ll change professions. We might find success elsewhere. We’ll work in whatever profession we can make money in. Example 2: A:

大企业的产品和服务往往多元化，企业希望东方不亮西方亮，因此 在竞争中立于不败之地。

A: Dà qhyè de chfnphn hé fúwù wfngwfng dudyuánhuà, qhyè xcwàng ddngfang bú liàng xcfang liàng, ycnch zài jìngzhbng zhdng lì yú bú bài zhc dì. A: The products and services of large corporations are often diversified in the hope that if something doesn’t succeed, something else will. So, in competition, they can’t lose. Usage: Used singly. Variant: 东边不亮西边亮 Note: Neutral in meaning.

431. 老牛拉破车 (老牛拉破車)  lfo niú la pò chb Translated character by character, 老牛拉破车 means ‘old-cow-pull-broken-cart,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to move slowly and haltingly.’ Its functional translation is ‘to trundle along.’ Example 1: A: B:

你怎么才到？怎么开的车？ 怎么才到？就那辆破车，五十迈都跑不了，老牛拉破车，能到就谢 天谢地了。

A: Nh zgnme cái dào? Zgnme kai de chb? B: Zgnme cái dào? Jiù nà liàng pò chb, wjshí mài ddu pfobulifo, lfo niú la pò chb, néng dào jiù xiètian-xièdì le. A: How did you only just get here? How were you driving? B: How did I only just get here? I was trundling along in that old car, which can’t even make 50 miles an hour. I thank god I even got here. Example 2: A:

那家企业员工众多，但是生产效率低，管理混乱，给人一种老牛拉 破车的感觉，倒闭只是时间早晚的问题了。

332  Entries 432 – 433: 放卫星 and 鸡同鸭讲 A: Nà jia qhyè yuángdng zhòngdud, dànshì shbngchfn xiàolq dc, gufnlh hùnluàn, ggi rén yìzhing lfo niú la pò chb de gfnjué, dfobì zhhshì shíjian zfowfn de wèntí le. A: That company has a huge number of employees, its production efficiency is low and its management is chaotic. It feels like it’s just trundling along. It’s just a matter of time until it goes bankrupt. Usage: Functions mainly as attributive or adverbial. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

432. 放卫星 (放衛星)  fàng wèi xcng Translated character by character, 放卫星 means ‘launch-satellite,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to talk the talk,’ or ‘to talk big.’ Example 1: A: B:

厂长说要在三年内把产量翻一番。 他在放卫星。有点儿常识的人都知道这不可能。

A: Chfngzhfng shud yào zài san nián nèi bf chfnliàng fan yc fan. B: Ta zài fàng wèixcng. Yiu difnr chángshi de rén ddu zhcdào zhè bù kgnéng. A: The plant manager said he wanted to double production within three years. B: He’s talking big. Anyone with common sense knows that’s not possible. Example 2: A: B:

我们能3:0赢你们。 你们就会放卫星，谁赢谁输还不一定呢。

A: Wimen néng 3:0 yíng nhmen. B: Nhmen jiù huì fàng wèixcng, shéi yíng shéi she hái bùyídìng ne. A: We’ll beat you 3-0. B: So, you can talk the talk, but the jury’s still out on who’s going to win. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

433. 鸡同鸭讲 (雞同鴨講)  jc tóng ya jifng Translated character by character, 鸡同鸭讲 means ‘chicken-to-duck-speak,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to be speaking to the wrong audience.’ Its functional translation is ‘whistling in the wind.’



Entry 434: 一锅端 333

Example 1: A: B:

他跟一个文盲介绍毕加索的油画。 那不是鸡同鸭讲嘛，对方怎么能听得懂？

A: Ta gbn yígè wénmáng jièshào Bìjiasui de yóuhuà. B: Nà búshì jc tóng ya jifng ma, duìfang zgnme néng tcng de ding? A: He was explaining Picasso’s paintings to an uncultured person. B: He’s whistling in the wind. How could the other guy understand? Example 2:

有些老年人很认真地对他们的孙子、孙女讲他们的人生观和价值 观，希望孙辈们接受。 B: 可怜他们的一片苦心，不过，这完全是鸡同鸭讲。 A:

A: Yiuxib lfoniánrén hgn rènzhbn de duì tamen de senzh, sennr jifng tamen de rénshbngguan hé jiàzhíguan, xcwàng senbèi men jibshòu. B: Kglián tamen de yí piàn kjxcn, búguò, zhè wánquán shì jc tóng ya jifng. A: Some old people solemnly impart their values and outlook on life to their grandchildren in the hopes that they will take them to heart. B: I empathize with their effort, but they’re absolutely whistling in the wind. Usage: Functions mainly as predicative. Note: Derogatory and humorous in meaning.

434. 一锅端 (一鍋端)  yì gud duan Translated character by character, 一锅端 means ‘whole-pot-removed,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to be wiped out all at once.’ Example 1: A: B:

咱们这里的社会治安以后几年会好很多。 是啊，最大的黑社会组织被一锅端了。

A: Zánmen zhèlh de shèhuì zhì’an yhhòu jh nián huì hfo hgndud. B: Shì a, zuì dà de hbishèhuì zjzhc bèi yìgudduan le. A: Public order will be much better here in the next few years. B: Yeah, the biggest crime syndicate was wiped out. Example 2: A: B:

多少人被免职了？ 上自市长，下至办公室秘书，一锅端了。

334  Entries 435 – 436: 老皇历 and 家花没有野花香 A: Dudshao rén bèi mifnzhí le? B: Shàng zì shìzhfng, xiàzhì bàngdngshì mìshe, yìgudduan le. A: How many people were let go? B: From the mayor to the office secretaries, they were all wiped out. Usage: Functions as predicate. Variants: 一窝端; 连锅端; 连窝端 (窝 wd: nest, den) Note: Neutral in meaning.

435. 老皇历 (老皇曆)  lfo huángli Translated character by character, 老皇历 means ‘old-emperor-calendar.’ Its functional translation is ‘anachronistic,’ or ‘an anachronistic practice.’ Example 1: A: B:

子女结婚得征得父母的同意。 这都是老皇历了，现在时兴父母再婚得征得子女同意。

A: Zhnr jiéhen dgi zhbngdé fùmj de tóngyì. B: Zhè ddu shì lfohuángli le, xiànzài shíxcng fùmj zàihen dgi zhbngdé zhnr tóngyì. A: Children need to ask their parents’ approval to get married. B: That’s an anachronistic practice. Now, the trend is for parents to have to ask their children’s approval to get remarried. Example 2: A:

男60岁、女55岁退休成了老皇历，现在都是65岁。

A: Nán 60 suì, nr 55 suì tuìxie chéngle lfohuángli, xiànzài ddu shì 65 suì. A: Men retiring at 60 and women at 55 is an anachronistic practice. Now, it’s 65 for both. Usage: Functions as object or predicative. Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning.

436. 家花没有野花香 (家花沒有野花香)  jia hua méi yiu yg hua xiang Translated character by character, 家花没有野花香 means ‘home-flower-not-as-wildflower-fragrant,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘other



Entry 437: 又想当婊子又想立牌坊 335

women seem better than your significant other.’ Its functional translation is ‘the grass is always greener (on the other side of the fence).’ Example 1: A: B:

他老婆长得挺漂亮的，他怎么还在外面乱搞？ 家花没有野花香，男人都喜新厌旧。

A: Ta lfopo zhfng de thng piàoliang de, ta zgnme hái zài wàimiàn luàn gfo? B: Jia hua méi yiu yg hua xiang, nánrén ddu xhxcn-yànjiù. A: His wife is quite pretty, why is he out philandering? B: The grass is always greener. Men have a short attention span. Example 2: A: B:

王子也搞婚外恋啊？ 家花没有野花香。

A: Wángzh yg gfo henwàiliàn a? B: Jia hua méi yiu yg hua xiang. A: Does the prince also have extramarital affairs? B: The grass is always greener. Usage: Used singly. Note: Neutral in meaning.

437. 又想当婊子又想立牌坊 (又想當婊子又想立牌坊)  yòu xifng dang bifozi yòu xifng lì páifang Translated character by character, 又想当婊子又想立牌坊 means ‘not only-wantbe-whore-also-want-erect-arch,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to want to be able to do immoral things while maintaining a good name.’ Example 1:

那个国家侵占了周围的小国，还大言不惭地说为了被侵占国家人民 的利益着想。 B: 那个国家又想当婊子又想立牌坊， 纯粹是流氓政府。 A:

A: Nàgè guójia qcnzhànle zhduwéi de xifo guó, hái dàyán-bùcán de shud wèile bèi qcnzhàn guójia rénmín de lìyì zhuóxifng. B: Nàgè guójia yòu xifng dang bifozi yòu xifng lì páifang, chúncuì shì liúmáng zhèngfj. A: That country invaded the small neighboring country, shamelessly boasting that they were doing it for the good of the people of the invaded country. B: That country wants to do bad things while maintaining a good name. It’s simply a rogue state.

336  Entry 438: 遮羞布 Example 2:

他设下圈套陷害竞争对手，把人家送进监狱，还假惺惺地说很同情 老朋友，对结果很遗憾。 B: 这个王八蛋又想当婊子又想立牌坊，将来不得好死。 A:

A: Ta shè xià quantào xiànhài jìngzhbng duìshiu, bf rénjia sòng jìn jianyù, hái jifxcngxing de shud hgn tóngqíng lfopéngyou, duì jiégui hgn yíhàn. B: Zhègè wángbadàn yòu xifng dang bifozi yòu xifng lì páifang, jianglái bù dé hfo sh. A: He framed his competitor and had him sent to jail, hypocritically saying he sympathized with his old friend and that he was very sorry about the result. B: That bastard wants to do bad things and keep a good name. I hope he dies a violent death. Usage: Functions as predicate. Variant: 又想当婊子又想立贞节牌坊 (贞节 zhbnjié, chastity) Note: Derogatory in meaning.

438. 遮羞布 (遮羞布)  zhb xie bù Translated character by character, 遮羞布 means ‘cover up-shame (private parts)cloth,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘something with which one covers up an embarrassing fact or problem.’ Its functional translation is ‘a fig leaf.’ Example 1:

他赤裸裸地排挤、打击与他意见不同的人，提拔只会吹捧他的人， 还美其名曰“选拔人才”。 B: “选拔人才”只是一块遮羞布。

A:

A: Ta chìluiluo de páijh, dfjc yj ta yìjiàn bùtóng de rén, tíbá zhh huì chucpgng ta de rén, hái mgiqímíngyub “xufnbá réncái”. B: “Xufnbá réncái” zhh shì yí kuài zhbxiebù. A: He unabashedly attacked and pushed out those people whose opinions were different than his and promoted those who would only flatter him. He even put lipstick on it and called it “personnel selection.” B: “Personnel selection” is just a fig leaf. Example 2: A: B:

如果把我逼急了，我就把内幕都抖出来。 最好别撕下这块遮羞布，那对谁都不好。



Entries 439 – 440: 耍花枪 and 又要马儿跑，又要马儿不吃草 337

A: Rúgui bf wi bc jí le, wi jiù bf nèimù ddu diu chelái. B: Zuìhfo bié sc xià zhè kuài zhbxiebù, nà duì shéi ddu bùhfo. A: If you push me, I’ll reveal all of your secrets. B: You’d better not remove that fig leaf. That would be bad for everyone involved. Usage: Functions as object. Note: Neutral in meaning.

439. 耍花枪 (耍花槍)  shuf hua qiang Translated character by character, 耍花枪 means ‘flourish-spear,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to be dishonest,’ or ‘to cheat.’ Its functional translation is ‘to toy with someone.’ Example 1: A: B:

我不是故意的，是一时糊涂。 你少给我耍花枪，这么大的事能糊涂吗？

A: Wi búshì gùyì de, shì yìshí hútu. B: Nh shfo ggi wi shufhuaqiang, zhème dà de shì néng hútu ma? A: I didn’t do it on purpose. I was confused at the time. B: Don’t toy with me. How could you be confused about such an important issue? Example 2: A:

你不要以为他是认真的，其实他在跟你耍花枪呢。

A: Nh búyào yhwéi ta shì rènzhbn de, qíshí ta zài gbn nh shufhuaqiang ne. A: Don’t make the mistake of thinking he’s serious when he’s really toying with you. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

440. 又要马儿跑，又要马儿不吃草 (又要馬兒跑，

又要馬兒不吃草)  yòu yào mf ér pfo, yòu yào mf ér bù chc cfo Translated character by character, 又要马儿好，又要马儿不吃草 means ‘on one hand-require-horse-run, on other hand-require-horse-not-eat-grass,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to want to have something both ways.’ Its functional translation is ‘to have one’s cake and eat it too.’

338  Entry 441: 牛不喝水强按头 Example 1: A: B:

小牛，周末加班把这个活儿干完。 老板，你怎么也得表示一下，总不能又要马儿跑，又要马儿不吃草 吧？

A: Xifo Niú, zhdumò jiaban bf zhègè huór gàn wán. B: Lfobfn, nh zgnme yg dgi bifoshì yíxià, zing bùnéng yòu yào mf ér pfo, yòu yào mf ér bù chc cfo ba? A: Little Niu, work overtime this weekend and get this project finished. B: Boss, you need to give an incentive. You can’t have your cake and eat it too. Example 2: A:

奖惩得分明，对努力工作的人就应该奖励，不能又要马儿跑，又要 马儿不吃草。

A: Jifngchéng dgi fbnmíng, duì njlì gdngzuò de rén jiù ycnggai jifnglì, bùnéng yòu yào mf ér pfo, yòu yào mf ér bù chc cfo. A: You have to be clear about rewards and punishments. You should encourage and reward those who work diligently. You can’t have your cake and eat it too. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning.

441. 牛不喝水强按头 (牛不喝水強按頭)  niú bù hb shuh qiáng àn tóu Translated character by character, 牛不喝水强按头 means ‘cow-not-drink-waterforce-push down-head,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to force someone to do something.’ Its functional translation is ‘to impose one’s will on someone.’ Example 1: A: B: A:

这件事就由他吧，你就别再强迫他了。 不行，他小小年纪懂什么？就得听我的。 牛不喝水强按头，你强迫他接受，但他会心服口服吗？

A: Zhè jiàn shì jiù yóu ta ba, nh jiù bié zài qiángpò ta le. B: Bùxíng, ta xifoxifo niánjì ding shénme? Jiù dgi tcng wi de. A: Niú bù hbshuh qiáng àn tóu, nh qiángpò ta jibshòu, dàn ta huì xcnfú-kiufú ma? A: This is his issue to deal with. Stop trying to force him. B: No, what does he understand at this young age? He must obey me. A: You can impose your will on him and he will accept it, but will he take it to heart?



Entry 442: 摆乌龙 339

Example 2: A: B:

他不接受我们的意见怎么办？ 不接受？那我们只好牛不喝水强按头了。

A: Ta bù jibshòu wimen de yìjiàn zgnme bàn? B: Bù jibshòu? Nà wimen zhhhfo niú bù hbshuh qiáng àn tóu le. A: What will we do if he doesn’t accept our advice? B: If he doesn’t accept? Then we’ll just have to impose our will on him. Usage: Mainly used singly. Note: Neutral in meaning.

442. 摆乌龙 (擺烏龍)  bfi we lóng Translated character by character, 摆乌龙 means ‘waggle-black-dragon,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to say something that later turns out to be false.’ Its functional translation is ‘to put one’s foot in it.’ Example 1: A: B: A:

这回CNN摆乌龙了。 怎么回事？ 为了吸引读者和观众，在最高法院对这起案件宣判之前半个小 时，CNN就抢先播报了。可是判决的结果正好与CNN播报的相反。

A: Zhè huí CNN bfiwelóng le. B: Zgnme huí shì? A: Wèile xcyhn dúzhg hé guanzhòng, zài zuìgao ffyuàn duì zhè qh ànjiàn xuanpàn zhcqián bàn gè xifoshí, CNN jiù qifngxian bdbào le. Kgshì pànjué de jiégui zhènghfo yj CNN bdbào de xiangffn. A: CNN put their foot in it this time. B: What happened? A: In order to attract readers and viewers, CNN was the first to report the Supreme Court’s ruling in this case, a half an hour before it was announced. But, in the end, the ruling was the opposite of what CNN had reported. Example 2: A: B: A:

这位“打假”英雄出大丑了。 打错了吗？ 没打错，而是自己被打了。他以前总是揭露别人的论文造假，可是 这次大摆乌龙，他读博士期间发表的一篇论文被人揭露造假，连他 的博士导师都承认那篇文章有问题。

340  Entry 443: 各打五十大板 A: Zhè wèi “df jif” ycngxióng che dà chiu le. B: Df cuò le ma? A: Méi df cuò, érshì zìjh bèi df le. Ta yhqián zingshì jiblù biérén de lùnwén zàojif, kgshì zhècì dà bfi welóng, ta dú bóshì qcjian fabifo de yì pian lùnwén bèi rén jiblù zàojif, lián ta de bóshì dfoshc ddu chéngrèn nà pian wénzhang yiu wèntí. A: This anti-fakery crusader really screwed up. B: Did he wrongly accuse someone? A: No, he was caught himself. Before, he would always reveal other people’s plagiarism, but, this time, he really put his foot in it. One of the papers he published when he was a doctoral student was revealed to be plagiarized. Even his PhD advisor admitted that that paper was plagiarized. Usage: Functions as predicate. Variant: 自摆乌龙 Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.

443. 各打五十大板 (各打五十大板)  gè df wjshí dà bfn Translated character by character, 各打五十大板 means ‘each-strike-fifty-hardswitch,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to punish both parties equally without considering guilt.’ Example 1: A:

在足球比赛中，两个球员粗野地动起手来了，主裁和边裁都没有看 清楚事件的起因，所以各打五十大板，两个球员都被罚下。

A: Zài zúqiú bhsài zhdng, lifng gè qiúyuán ceyg de dòng qh shiu lái le, zhjcái hé biancái ddu méiyiu kàn qcngchu shìjiàn de qhycn, suiyh gè df wjshí dàbfn, lifng gè qiúyuán ddu bèi fáxià. A: In a soccer match, two players got into a vicious fistfight. Neither the main referee or the linesman saw clearly what caused the incident, so they penalized both players without regard for guilt. Example 2:

你们俩的矛盾在公司中造成了极不好的影响，因此公司决定把你们 两个分别调到不同的部门。 B: 怎么？各打五十大板啊？那么谁该负主要的责任呢？ A:

A: Nhmen lif de máodùn zài gdngsc zhdng zàochéngle jí bùhfo de yhngxifng, ycnch gdngsc juédìng bf nhmen lifng gè fbnbié diào dào bùtóng de bùmén. B: Zénme? Gè df wjshí dàbfn a? Nàme shéi gai fù zhjyào de zérèn ne?



Entry 444: 一个将军一个令 341

A: The conflict between the two of you had a very negative impact on the company, so the company has decided to transfer you separately to different divisions. B: What? You’re punishing us both equally? Then who should shoulder the brunt of the blame? Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.

444. 一个将军一个令 (一個將軍一個令)  yí gè jiangjen yí gè lìng Translated character by character, 一个将军一个令 means ‘one-MW-general-oneMW-order,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘each leader has his own policies.’ Its functional translation is ‘new lords, new laws,’ or ‘too many chiefs and not enough Indians.’ Example 1: A: B:

新领导上台了，以前的政策还会延续吗？ 我看不会，一个将军一个令，谁都想施行自己的政策。

A: Xcn lhngdfo shàngtái le, yhqián de zhèngcè hái huì yánxù ma? B: Wi kàn búhuì, yígè jiangjen yígè lìng, shéi ddu xifng shcxíng zìjh de zhèngcè. A: Will the old policies be continued once the new leader takes office? B: I don’t think so. New lords, new laws. Everyone wants to institute their own policies. Example 2: A: B:

你们单位人不多，但是管理怎么那么混乱？ 干活儿的不多，但是指挥的人多，一个将军一个令，能不乱吗？

A: Nhmen danwèi rén bùdud, dànshì gufnlh zgnme nàme hùnluàn? B: Gànhuór de bùdud, dànshì zhhhuc de rén dud, yígè jiangjen yígè lìng, néng bú luàn ma? A: There aren’t many people in your work unit. How is the management so chaotic? B: There aren’t many workers, but there are a lot of people giving commands. There are too many chiefs and not enough Indians. How can it not be a mess? Usage: Used singly. Note: Slightly derogatory or neutral in meaning.

342  Entries 445 – 446: 抱大腿 and 砸了锅 445. 抱大腿 (抱大腿)  bào dà tuh Translated character by character, 抱大腿 means ‘embrace-big-thigh,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to cozy up to someone powerful.’ Example 1: A: B:

她不是有个帅哥男朋友吗？怎么又跟这个富商谈恋爱了？ 抱大腿呗。你想，如果能跟这个富商结婚，那就一辈子吃喝不愁了。

A: Ta búshì yiu gè shuàigb nánpéngyiu ma? Zgnme yòu gbn zhègè fùshang tán liàn’ài le? B: Bàodàtuh bei. Nh xifng, rúgui néng gbn zhègè fùshang jiéhen, nà jiù yíbèizi chchbbùchóu le. A: Doesn’t she have a handsome boyfriend? Why has she taken up with that rich businessman? B: She’s cozying up to someone powerful. Think about it, if she can marry this rich businessman, she’ll never have to worry about money again. Example 2: A: B:

新领导刚上台，他就不停地拍马屁。 他这个人就是善于抱粗腿。

A: Xcn lhngdfo gang shàngtái, ta jiù bù tíng de paimfpì. B: Ta zhègè rén jiùshì shànyú bàocetuh. A: The new leader has just taken office and he is constantly sucking up. B: That guy is just good at cozying up to powerful people. Usage: Functions as predicate. Variant: 抱粗腿 Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

446. 砸了锅 (砸了鍋)  zá le gud Translated character by character, 砸了锅 means ‘break-ed-pot,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to screw something up.’ Its functional translation is ‘to drop the ball.’ Example 1: A: B:

怎么这么不开心？ 有一个电话面试，结果太紧张，砸了锅。对方当时就说我不适合他 们公司。



Entry 447: 会哭的孩子有奶吃 343

A: Zgnme zhème bù kaixcn? B: Yiu yígè diànhuà miànshì, jiégui tài jhnzhang, zálegud. Duìfang dangshí jiù shud wi bú shìhé tamen gdngsc. A: Why are you so unhappy? B: I had a phone interview and because I was so nervous, I dropped the ball. The interviewer said to me, on the spot, that I wasn’t right for their company. Example 2:

这次演出一定要成功。 B: 我保证一定成功。 A: 如果你演砸锅了，我就砸你的饭碗。 A:

A: zhècì yfnche yídìng yào chénggdng. B: Wi bfozhèng yídìng chénggdng. A: Rúgui nh yfn zágud le, wi jiù zá nhde fànwfn. A: Your act needs to work this time. B: I promise it will. A: If you drop the ball, I’ll fire you. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Neutral in meaning.

447. 会哭的孩子有奶吃 (會哭的孩子有奶吃)  huì ke de háizi yiu nfi chc Translated character by character, 会哭的孩子有奶吃 means ‘good at-crying-babyhave-breast milk-to eat,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be, ‘if a baby is good at pretending to cry, he will be rewarded with his mother’s breast milk.’ Its functional translation is, ‘those who complain the loudest get the most attention,’ or ‘the squeaky wheel gets the grease.’ Example 1: A: B:

你看这些人，整天上街游行。结果怎么样？国会很重视。 会哭的孩子有奶吃。咱们亚洲人就是吃亏。

A: Nh kàn zhèxib rén, zhgngtian shàngjib yóuxíng. Jiégui zgnmeyàng? Guóhuì hgn zhòngshì. B: Huì ke de háizi yiu nfi chc. Zánmen Yàzhdurén jiùshì chckuc. A: Look at these people, always protesting in the street. And what happens? Congress pays attention. B: The squeaky wheel gets the grease; we Asians just lose out.

344  Entry 448: 二一添作五 Example 2: A: B:

他又去找老板抱怨别人了。 会哭的孩子有奶吃。你不说话，老板就不重视你。

A: Ta yòu qù zhfo lfobfn bàoyuàn biérén le. B: Huì ke de háizi yiu nfi chc. Nh bù shudhuà, lfobfn jiù bú zhòngshì nh. A: He went to the boss again to complain about other people. B: Those who complain the loudest get the most attention. If you don’t speak out, the boss won’t pay attention to you. Usage: Used singly. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning. The ‘奶’ in this proverb should be translated as ‘母乳’ (breast milk), not ‘牛奶’ (cow’s milk).

448. 二一添作五 (二一添作五)  èr yc tian zuò wj Translated character by character, 二一添作五 means ‘two-to divide-one-add-five,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to split equally.’ Its functional translation is ‘to split something down the middle,’ or ‘go fifty-fifty.’ Example 1: A: B:

赚钱之后咱俩四六开，你拿大头，我拿小头。 你这么客气干嘛。别说了，二一添作五，你一半我一半。

A: Zuànqián zhchòu zán lif sì-liù kai, nh ná dàtóu, wi ná xifotóu. B: Nh zhème kèqì gàn ma. Bié shud le, èr yc tian zuò wj, nh yíbàn wi yíbàn. A: After we get the money, we’ll split it 40–60; you take the big share, I’ll take the small one. B: What’re you being so polite for? Don’t argue, we’ll split it down the middle; half for you, half for me. Example 2: A:

在这个项目的投入上，中外双方二一添作五，中方出场地，外方出 资金。

A: Zài zhègè xiàngmù de tóurù shàng, zhdngwài shuangfang èr yc tian zuò wj, zhdngfang che chfngdì, wàifang che zcjcn. A: In terms of the investment in this project, the Chinese and foreigners are splitting it down the middle. The Chinese are providing the land, the foreigners the capital. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Neutral in meaning. 二一添作五 is a rule to be followed when using an abacus.



Entries 449 – 450: 风一阵，雨一阵 and 剃头挑子一头热 345 449. 风一阵，雨一阵 (風一陣，雨一陣)  fbng yí zhèn, yj yí zhèn

Translated character by character, 风一阵，雨一阵 means ‘wind-a-while, rain-a-while,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to change back and forth quickly and unpredictably.’ Its functional translation is ‘to flit from one thing to another.’ Example 1: A: B:

她怎么今天想干这，明天想干那？ 她总是风一阵，雨一阵的，做事很不成熟。

A: Ta zgnme jcntian xifng gàn zhè, míngtian xifng gàn nà? B: Ta zingshì fbng yí zhèn yj yí zhèn de, zuòshì hgn bù chéngshú. A: How does she want to do this today and something else tomorrow? B: She’s always flitting from one thing to another. She conducts herself in a very immature way. Example 2: A: B:

下个月我要去参加选秀节目。 你别整天风一阵，雨一阵的，安安心心把工作干好是大事。

A: Xià gè yuè wi yào qù canjia xufnxiù jiémù. B: Nh bié zhgng tian fbng yí zhèn yj yí zhèn de, ananxcnxcn bf gdngzuò gànhfo shì dàshì. A: I want to go participate in a talent search contest next month. B: Don’t flit from one thing to another all the time. Keeping your mind on getting your work done is the main issue. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

450. 剃头挑子一头热 (剃頭挑子一頭熱)  tì tóu tiaozi yc tóu rè Translated character by character, 剃头挑子一头热 means ‘shave-head-carrying poleone-end-hot,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘one person wants something but the other has no interest.’ Its functional translation is ‘A is not buying what B is selling,’ or ‘not having any of it.’ Example 1: A: B:

他跟我们大学的校花谈恋爱了？ 校花？笑话吧？肯定是剃头挑子一头热。校花早就有亿万富翁的儿 子追求了。

346  Entry 451: 远来的和尚会念经 A: Ta gbn wimen dàxué de xiàohua tánliàn’ài le? B: Xiàohua? Xiàohuà ba? Kgndìng shì tìtóu tiaozi yc tóu rè. Xiàohua zfo jiù yiu yìwàn fùwbng de érzh zhucqiú le. A: Is he seeing the most beautiful girl at our university? B: The most beautiful girl in the school? You’re kidding, right? She’s definitely not buying what he’s selling. She’s been getting courted by billionaires’ sons for a long time now. Example 2:

听说那两家公司正在研究合并的可能性。 B: 有一家都快破产了还想合并？剃头挑子一头热，另一方愿意收购就 不错了。 A:

A: Tcngshud nà lifng jia gdngsc zhèngzài yánjie hébìng de kgnéngxìng. B: Yiu yì jia ddu kuài pòchfn le hái xifng hébìng? Tìtóu tiaozi yc tóu rè, lìng yì fang yuànyì shdugòu jiù búcuò le. A: I heard those two companies are currently researching the possibility of a merger. B: One of them is nearly bankrupt and they still want to merge? The other company’s not buying what they’re selling. If the other company is even willing to acquire them it should be considered a good result. Usage: Functions as predicative or used singly. Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning. In ancient China, street barbers carried a pole over their shoulder. On one end of the pole was a coal brazier, which was hot; on the other end of the pole was a stool and their tools, which were cold.

451. 远来的和尚会念经 (遠來的和尚會念經)  yufn lái de héshang huì niàn jcng Translated character by character, 远来的和尚会念经 means ‘distant-come-monkgood at-chant-scripture,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘all that is foreign must be better.’ Example 1:

他在剑桥大学也就是个普通的教授，这次来咱们大学报告，校长亲 自到飞机场去接，面子够大的。 B: 远来的和尚会念经，人家是英国剑桥大学的。 A:

A: Ta zài Jiànqiáo Dàxué yg jiùshì gè pjtdng de jiàoshòu, zhècì lái zánmen dàxué bàogào, xiàozhfng qcnzì dào fbijcchfng qù jib, miànzi gòu dà de.



Entry 452: 揪辫子 347

B: Yufn lái de héshang huì niànjcng, rénjia shì Ycngguó Jiànqiáo Dàxué de. A: He was only an ordinary professor at Cambridge, but when he came to present at our university, the president himself went to the airport to pick him up. What an honor. B: All that is foreign must be better. He’s a professor at Cambridge (University). Example 2:

这个老外的观点真的很新颖。 B: 是啊，外来的和尚会念经，老外的理论就是新。 A:

A: Zhègè lfowài de guandifn zhbnde hgn xcnyhng. B: Shì a, wài lái de héshang huì niànjcng, lfowài de lhlùn jiùshì xcn. A: This foreigner’s opinion is very original. B: Yes. All that is foreign must be better; foreigners’ theories are truly new. Usage: Used singly. Variant: 外来的和尚会念经 Note: Neutral in meaning.

452. 揪辫子 (揪辮子)  jie biànzi Translated character by character, 揪辫子 means ‘seize-pigtail,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to seize on someone’s shortcomings,’ or ‘to get one’s hooks into someone.’ Example 1: A: B: A:

你千万别把任何把柄留给她。 怎么讲？ 她会揪住你的辫子不放。

A: Nh qianwàn bié bf rènhé bfbhng liúggi ta. B: Zgnme jifng? A: Ta huì jie zhù nhde bianzi bú fàng. A: You absolutely must not give her any leverage. B: Why do you say that? A: She’ll get her hooks into you and never let go. Example 2: A:

民主党和共和党在这个问题上争论不休，互相揪小辫。

A: Mínzhjdfng hé Gònghédfng zài zhègè wèntí shàng zhbnglùn bù xie, hùxiang jie xifobiàn.

348  Entry 453: 小姐的身子丫鬟的命 A: The Democrats and Republicans quarreled endlessly about this issue, seizing on each other’s shortcomings. Usage: Functions as predicate. Variant: 揪小辫 Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

453. 小姐的身子丫鬟的命 (小姐的身子丫鬟的命)  xifo jig de shbnzi yahuán de mìng Translated character by character, 小姐的身子丫鬟的命 means ‘princess-’s-bodymaiden-’s-fate,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘a good lady with bad fortune.’ Example 1: A: B:

你怎么那么瞧不起她？ 她也太把自己当回事儿了。不就是一个服务员吗？有什么了不起的？ 小姐的身子丫鬟的命。

A: Nh zgnme nàme qiáobùqh ta? B: Ta yg tài bf zìjh dang huí shìr le. Bú jiùshì yígè fúwùyuán ma? Yiu shénme lifobùqh de? Xifojie de shbnzi yahuán de mìng. A: Why do you look down on her so much? B: She thinks too highly of herself. Isn’t she just a waitress? What’s so special about her? No matter what she thinks of herself, she is still poor. Example 2: A: B:

她的命怎么那么不好？婆婆和丈夫都虐待她？ 可惜了，这么好的一个姑娘，小姐的身子丫鬟的命。

A: Ta de mìng zgnme nàme bù hfo? Pópo hé zhàngfu ddu nuèdài ta? B: Kgxc le, zhème hfo de yígè geniang, xifojie de shbnzi yahuán de mìng. A: How does she have such bad luck, with her mother-in-law and husband both abusing her? B: It’s a shame that such a good girl has such bad fortune. Usage: Functions as predicate or used singly. Variant: 小姐的身子丫环的命 Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning.



Entry 454: 只见树木，不见森林 349 454. 只见树木，不见森林 (只見樹木，不見森林)  zhh jiàn shùmù, bú jiàn sbnlín

Translated character by character, 只见树木，不见森林 means ‘only-seen-trees-notseen-forest,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to only see parts of the whole and be unable to comprehend the larger issue.’ Its functional translation is ‘to not see the forest for the trees.’ Example 1:

那个国家有很多问题，比方说民主的问题，平等的问题和创新的问 题，所以那个国家是没有前途的。 B: 话不能这样说。我们得全面地、历史地看问题，否则就会只见树 木，不见森林。那个国家最近二十年来在你提到的那些方面都取得 了明显的进步。 A:

A: Nàgè guójia yiu hgndud wèntí, bhfangshud mínzhj de wèntí, píngdgng de wèntí hé chuàngxcn de wèntí, suiyh nàgè guójia shì méiyiu qiántú de. B: Huà bùnéng zhèyàng shud. Wimen dgi quánmiàn de, lìshh de kàn wèntí, fiuzé jiù huì zhh jiàn shùmù, bú jiàn sbnlín. Nàgè guójia zuìjìn èrshí nián lái zài nh tídào de nàxib fangmiàn ddu qjdé le míngxifn de jìnbù. A: That country has no future because it has many issues, with democracy, equality, and innovation to name a few. B: You can’t say that. We have to look at the issues comprehensively, and with an eye to the past, otherwise we won’t see the forest for the trees. In the last twenty years, that country has achieved clear progress in the few areas you mentioned. Example 2: A:

下结论不能太武断，要全面分析问题，不能只见树木，不见森林。

A: Xià jiélùn bùnéng tài wjduàn, yào quánmiàn fbnxc wèntí, bùnéng zhh jiàn shùmù, bú jiàn sbnlín. A: You can’t make conclusions subjectively. You need to analyze the issue comprehensively. Don’t fail to see the forest for the trees. Usage: Functions as predicate or attributive. Variant: 见树不见林 Note: Slightly derogatory or neutral in meaning.

350  Entries 455 – 456: 屁股决定脑袋 and 兔子尾巴长不了 455. 屁股决定脑袋 (屁股決定腦袋)  pìgu juédìng nfodai Translated character by character, 屁股决定脑袋 means ‘butt-determine-head,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘one’s position determines one’s views and behavior.’ Example 1: A: B:

他在学生时代思想很激进的，现在说话怎么都是官腔？ 不难理解，屁股决定脑袋。现在他是副市长。

A: Ta zài xuéshbng shídài scxifng hgn jcjìn de, xiànzài shudhuà zgnme ddu shì guanqiang? B: Bù nán lhjig, pìgu juédìng nfodai. Xiànzài ta shì fù shìzhfng. A: When he was a student, his thinking was very radical. How does he now speak like an official? B: It’s not hard to understand. His thought process is determined by his position. He’s a vice-mayor now. Example 2: A: B:

咱们从小一起长大，可是现在他的想法跟我们很不同。 那就对了，他是当官的，我们是老百姓，屁股决定脑袋。

A: Zánmen cóngxifo yìqh zhfngdà, kgshì xiànzài ta de xifngff gbn wimen hgn bùtóng. B: Nà jiù duì le, ta shì dangguan de, wimen shì lfobfixìng, pìgu juédìng nfodai. A: We all grew up together, but now his views are very different from ours. B: That’s right. He’s an official, we’re common people; one’s position determines one’s views. Usage: Used singly. Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning.

456. 兔子尾巴长不了 (兔子尾巴長不了)  tùzi wgiba cháng bù lifo Translated character by character, 兔子尾巴长不了 means ‘rabbit-tail-unable-longer,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘something (often bad people or institutions) cannot last.’ Its functional translation is ‘something’s days are numbered.’ Example 1: A: B:

这届政府十分腐败，只会加税，其他什么都不会干。 看着吧，兔子尾巴长不了，过不了两年就会下台。



Entry 457: 骑马找马 351

A: Zhè jiè zhèngfj shífbn fjbài, zhh huì jiashuì, qíta shénme ddu búhuì gàn. B: Kànzhe ba, tùzi wgiba cháng bùlifo, guò bùlifo lifng nián jiù huì xiàtái. A: This administration is extremely corrupt. All they do is raise taxes; they can’t do anything else. B: Look, their days are numbered. They’ll be out of office in less than two years. Example 2:

最近股市好像很牛。 B: 都是假象，兔子尾巴长不了，熊市马上就到了。 A:

A: Zuìjìn gjshì hfoxiàng hgn niú. B: Ddu shì jifxiàng, tùzi wgiba cháng bùlifo, xióngshì mfshàng jiù dào le. A: The stock market seems to be really bullish lately. B: It’s all an illusion. The bull market’s days are numbered; the bear market is right around the corner. Usage: Used singly. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

457. 骑马找马 (騎馬找馬)  qí mf zhfo mf Translated character by character, 骑马找马 means ‘ride-horse-find-horse,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to look for another job while keeping one’s current position.’ Example 1: A: B:

这个工作不太理想，我不太想去。 你现在一份工作都没有，就不要挑三拣四了。先有一份工作，然后 骑马找马，再找下一份好工作。

A: Zhègè gdngzuò bú tài lhxifng, wi bú tài xifng qù. B: Nh xiànzài yc fèn gdngzuò ddu méiyiu, jiù búyào tiaosan-jifnsì le. Xian yiu yí fèn gdngzuò, ránhòu qí mf zhfo mf, zài zhfo xià yí fèn hfo gdngzuò. A: This job isn’t ideal. I don’t really want to go. B: You don’t even have a job right now. Don’t be picky. First get a job, and then you can look for another job while keeping that position. Example 2: A: B: A: B:

我想辞职。 找到下家没有？ 还没有。 那我建议你还是暂时不要辞职，骑马找马，现在找一份工作多不容易！

352  Entry 458: 敲锣边儿 A: Wi xifng cízhí. B: Zhfodào xiàjia méiyiu? A: Hái méiyiu. B: Nà wi jiànyì nh háishì zànshí búyào cízhí, qí mf zhfo mf, xiànzài zhfo yí fèn gdngzuò dud bù róngyì! A: B: A: B:

I want to resign. Have you found your next employer yet? Not yet. Then I would suggest you temporarily remain at your job and look for another job while keeping that position. It’s very difficult to find a job now.

Usage: Functions as predicate. Variant: 骑驴找马 Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.

458. 敲锣边儿 (敲鑼邊兒)  qiao luó bianr Translated character by character, 敲锣边儿 means ‘beat-gong-edge,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to meddle with the intent of causing or intensifying an altercation.’ Its functional translation is ‘to stir the pot.’ Example 1: A: B:

其实我们两个人之间的矛盾没有那么大。 我也这样觉得。这次我们闹得这么不愉快都是因为他敲锣边儿。

A: Qíshí wimen lifng gè rén zhcjian de máodùn méiyiu nàme dà. B: Wi yg zhèyàng juéde. Zhècì wimen nào de zhème bù yúkuài ddu shì ycnwèi ta qiaoluóbianr. A: Really, the issue between the two of us isn’t that serious. B: I don’t think so either. The reason we fought so bitterly this time was because he was stirring the pot. Example 2: A: B: A:

对她的话你要多个心眼儿。 怎么了？ 她特别喜欢敲锣边儿，就希望别人打起来，她好从中得到好处。

A: Duì ta de huà nh yào dud gè xcnyfnr. B: Zgnme le? A: Ta tèbié xhhuan qiaoluóbianr, jiù xcwàng biérén df qhlái, ta hfo cóngzhdng dédào hfochù.



Entry 459: 扣帽子 353

A: You need to be wary of what she says. B: What’s wrong? A: She really likes to stir the pot. She hopes that when others start fighting, she can benefit from it. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

459. 扣帽子 (扣帽子)  kòu màozi Translated character by character, 扣帽子 means ‘place-hat (on someone),’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to give someone an unfitting and unflattering label.’ Its functional translation is ‘to paint someone as something,’ or ‘to call someone names.’ Example 1: A: B: A:

这家伙真坏。 怎么了？ 他在所有的同事面前给我扣了一个“破坏团结”的大帽子。

A: Zhè jiahuo zhbn huài. B: Zgnme le? A: Ta zài suiyiu de tóngshì miànqián ggi wi kòule yígè “pòhuài tuánjié” de dà màozi. A: That guy is really bad. B: What’s wrong? A: He painted me as someone who is a “destroyer of unity” in front of all of our colleagues. Example 2: A:

今天的辩论基本上算是实事求是，没有人给对方扣帽子。

A: Jcntian de biànlùn jcbgnshàng suàn shì shíshì-qiúshì, méiyiu rén ggi duìfang kòumàozi. A: Today’s debate was mainly based on fact. There was no undeserved name-calling. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

354  Entries 460 – 461: 拔出萝卜带出泥 and 满嘴跑火车 460. 拔出萝卜带出泥 (拔出蘿蔔帶出泥)  bá che luóbo dài che ní Translated character by character, 拔出萝卜带出泥 means ‘pull-out-turnip-bringup-mud,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘one thing brings about another.’ Example 1: A: B:

省长的秘书出事了。 看着吧，拔出萝卜带出泥，过不了多久这个省长也得出事。

A: Shgngzhfng de mìshe cheshì le. B: Kànzhe ba, bá che luóbo dài che ní, guò bùlifo dudjij zhègè shgngzhfng yg dgi cheshì. A: The governor’s secretary is in trouble. B: You just watch, one thing will bring about another. It won’t be too long until that governor is also in trouble. Example 2: A:

经济腐败案一般都会涉及到一群人，抓住一个，拔出萝卜带出泥， 很快就能发现其他人。

A: Jcngjì fjbài àn yìban ddu huì shèjí dào yì qún rén, zhuazhù yígè, bá che luóbo dài che ní, hgnkuài jiù néng faxiàn qíta rén. A: Economic corruption cases generally implicate a group of people. When one person is caught, one thing leads to another and others are quickly found out. Usage: Used singly. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

461. 满嘴跑火车 (滿嘴跑火車)  mfn zuh pfo huichb Translated character by character, 满嘴跑火车 means ‘full-mouth-run-train,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to run after a train with a full mouth.’ Its functional translation is ‘to blow smoke,’ or ‘to be full of it.’ Example 1: A: B:

他好像很有理想。 别听他的，这家伙整天满嘴跑火车，没一句话是真的。

A: Ta hfoxiàng hgn yiu lhxifng. B: Bié tcng tade, zhè jiahuo zhgngtian mfn zuh pfo huichb, méi yí jù huà shì zhbnde.



Entry 462: 温水煮青蛙 355

A: He seems to be very idealistic. B: Don’t listen to him. This guy is always blowing smoke; not a word of what he says is true. Example 2: A: B:

你又喝多了，满嘴跑火车。 谁喝多了！你才喝多了呢。我呀，再喝三瓶二锅头也醉不了。

A: Nh yòu hb dud le, mfn zuh pfo huichb. B: Shéi hb dud le! Nh cái hb dud le ne. Wi ya, zài hb san píng èrgudtóu yg zuì bùlifo. A: You’re drunk again. You’re full of it. B: I’m drunk? You’re the one that’s drunk. As for me, I could drink another three bottles of Erguotou (a liquor popular in Beijing) and not get drunk. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Humorous and slightly derogatory in meaning.

462. 温水煮青蛙 (溫水煮青蛙)  wbn shuh zhj qcngwa Translated character by character, 温水煮青蛙 means ‘tepid-water-boil-frog,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to attempt to defeat someone without their knowing of a plot against them.’ Its functional translation is ‘to boil the frog slowly.’ Example 1: A: B:

行动不能太快，否则对手会发现我们的意图。 对，我们来个温水煮青蛙，等对手发现威胁的时候已经晚了。

A: Xíngdòng bùnéng tài kuài, fiuzé duìshiu huì faxiàn wimen de yìtú. B: Duì, wimen lái gè wbnshuh zhj qcngwa, dgng duìshiu faxiàn wbixié de shíhou yhjcng wfn le. A: You can’t move too fast, or else our opponent will realize our intentions. B: Right, we’ll boil the frog slowly. By the time they uncover the threat, it’ll already be over. Example 2: A: B:

要慢慢买入目标公司的股票，不要让他们觉察到危险。 好，我们温水煮青蛙，先让他们暂时舒服几个月。

A: Yào mànmàn mfi rù mùbiao gdngsc de gjpiào, búyào ràng tamen chájué dào wbixifn. B: Hfo, wimen wbnshuh zhj qcngwa, xian ràng tamen zànshí shefu jh gè yuè.

356  Entry 463: 万金油 A: We need to slowly increase our holdings in the target company. We can’t let them see the danger. B: OK. We’ll boil the frog slowly; allow them their false sense of security for a few months. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Neutral in meaning.

463. 万金油 (萬金油)  wàn jcn yóu Translated character by character, 万金油 means ‘ten thousand-gold-oil,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘someone who can do many things,’ or ‘a remedy for many ills.’ Its functional translation is ‘jack of all trades,’ or ‘panacea.’ Example 1: A: B:

我们要招一个公关部经理。 她是万金油，让她干正合适。

A: Wimen yào zhao yígè gdngguanbù jcnglh. B: Ta shì wànjcnyóu, ràng ta gàn zhèng héshì. A: We need to hire a manager for our PR department. B: She’s a jack-of-all-trades. She’d be just right for it. Example 2: A:

很多人批评政府对经济的调控太多，有很多负面作用，说要让市场 发挥真正的主导作用。但是市场不是万金油，并不能解决所有问 题。

A: Hgndud rén pcpíng zhèngfj duì jcngjì de tiáokòng tài dud, yiu hgndud fùmiàn zuòyòng, shud yào ràng shìchfng fahuc zhbnzhèng de zhjdfo zuòyòng. Dànshì shìchfng búshì wànjcnyóu, bìng bùnéng jigjué suiyiu wèntí. A: A lot of people criticize the government for interfering excessively in the economy, as there are a lot of negative externalities and they want to allow the market to exert its guiding influence. But the market isn’t a panacea; it can’t solve all problems. Usage: Functions as predicative. Note: Neutral in meaning.



Entries 464 – 465: 树挪死，人挪活 and 按下葫芦起了瓢 357 464. 树挪死，人挪活 (樹挪死，人挪活)  shù nuó sh, rén nuó huó

Translated character by character, 树挪死，人挪活 means ‘tree-transplant-die, person-move-live,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘sometimes change is good for people.’ Its functional translation is ‘people, unlike trees, thrive on change.’ Example 1: A: B:

咱们这儿发展越来越差，怎么办呢？ 树挪死，人挪活。到南方去碰碰运气吧。

A: Zánmen zhèr fazhfn yuèláiyuè chà, zgnmebàn ne? B: Shù nuó sh, rén nuó huó. Dào nánfang qù pèngpèng yùnqì ba. A: Things are getting worse and worse for us here. What should we do? B: People, unlike trees, thrive on change. You should go to the South and try your hand there. Example 2: A: B: A:

你在这家公司工作了十年了，一点儿没发展，要不你换家公司吧？ 我都工作十年了，也有一定的基础了，离开了怪可惜的。 树挪死，人挪活。凭你的本事，在别的地方肯定成功。

A: Nh zài zhè jia gdngsc gdngzuòle shí nián le, yìdifnr méi fazhfn, yàobù nh huàn jia gdngsc ba? B: Wi ddu gdngzuò shí nián le, yg yiu yídìng de jcchj le, líkai le guài kgxc de. A: Shù nuó sh, rén nuó huó. Píng nhde bgnshì, zài biéde dìfang kgndìng chénggdng. A: You’ve worked at this company for ten years now, and you haven’t advanced at all. Why don’t you move to another company? B: I’ve worked here for ten years now and I have a certain foundation. It would be a real shame if I left. A: People, unlike trees, thrive on change. With your skills, you will definitely succeed somewhere else. Usage: Used singly. Note: Neutral in meaning.

465. 按下葫芦起了瓢 (按下葫蘆起了瓢)  àn xià húlu qh le piáo Translated character by character, 按下葫芦起了瓢 means ‘press-down-gourd-riseed-gourd dipper,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘if it’s not one thing it’s another.’ Its functional translation is ‘to be like Whac-A-Mole.’

358  Entry 466: 到什么山唱什么歌 Example 1:

最近他倒霉事不断，公司财务状况不佳，这两天公司的情况刚稍好 一点儿，他儿子又因为伤人进了监狱。 B: 是啊，按下葫芦起了瓢，最麻烦的是他老婆要跟他离婚。 A:

A: Zuìjìn ta dfoméi shì búduàn, gdngsc cáiwù zhuàngkuàng bùjia, zhè lifng tian gdngsc de qíngkuàng gang shao hfo yìdifnr, ta érzi yòu ycnwèi shang rén jìnle jianyù. B: Shì a, àn xià húlu qhle piáo, zuì máfan de shì ta lfopo yào gbn ta líhen. A: Recently, he’s been deluged by unlucky events. The company’s financial situation wasn’t good and when, in the last two days, the situation improved a little bit, his son was sent to jail for injuring someone. A: Yeah. It’s like Whac-A-Mole. The worst part is that his wife wants to divorce him. Example 2: A: B:

美国最近挺乱的。 共和党和民主党争吵了快一年才在预算案上达成妥协，按下葫芦起 了瓢，最近股市又大起大落。

A: Méiguó zuìjìn thng luàn de. B: Gònghédfng hé Mínzhjdfng chfole kuài yì nián cái zài yùsuàn’àn shang dáchéng tuixié, àn xià húlu qhle piáo, zuìjìn gjshì yòu dàqh-dàluò. A: Recently, America has been a mess. B: After almost a year of fighting, the Republicans and Democrats have finally come to a compromise on the budget. But, it’s like Whac-A-Mole. Recently, the stock market has been fluctuating wildly. Usage: Used singly. Variants: 按下葫芦浮起瓢; 按下葫芦起瓢; 按倒葫芦浮起瓢 Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.

466. 到什么山唱什么歌 (到什麽山唱什麽歌)  dào shénme shan chàng shénme gb Translated character by character, 到什么山唱什么歌 means ‘arrive-what-mountainsing-what-song,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to change one’s tune when talking to different people.’ Example 1: A: B:

她怎么到哪里都吃香？ 她嘴很甜，到什么山唱什么歌。



Entry 467: 拔根汗毛比腰粗 359

A: Ta zgnme dào nflh ddu chcxiang? B: Ta zuh hgn tián, dào shénme shan chàng shénme gb. A: How is she popular everywhere? B: She’s a sweet talker. She changes her tune when talking to different people. Example 2: A: B:

那个推销员的业绩很好。 他见什么人说什么话，到什么山唱什么歌。

A: Nàgè tucxiaoyuán de yèjì hgn hfo. B: Ta jiàn shénme rén shud shénme huà, dào shénme shan chàng shénme gb. A: That salesman is very accomplished. B: He changes his tune when talking to different people. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Neutral in meaning.

467. 拔根汗毛比腰粗 (拔根汗毛比腰粗)  bá gbn hàn máo bh yao ce Translated character by character, 拔根汗毛比腰粗 means ‘pull-MW-body-hairrelative to-waist-thick,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to be significantly richer or more powerful than others.’ Example 1: A: B:

我就是要跟他比。 比什么啊！人家拔根汗毛比咱的腰都粗。

A: Wi jiùshì yào gbn ta bh. B: Bh shénme a! Rénjia bá gbn hànmáo bh zán de yao ddu ce. A: I want to compete with him. B: What’re you thinking? We’re nothing compared to him. Example 2: A: B:

小李，去年你借我的两千块钱还没还我呢。 哟，你还记着哪。你拔根汗毛比我的腰还粗，这点儿小钱还要啊？

A: Xifo Lh, qùnián nh jiè wi de lifngqian kuài qián hái méi huán wi ne. B: Yò, nh hái jìzhe na. Nh bá gbn hànmáo bh wide yao hái ce, zhè difnr xifoqián hái yào a? A: Little Li, you still haven’t repaid the two thousand dollars you borrowed from me last year. B: Oh, you still remember. You’re much richer than me; you still want such a small sum of money?

360  Entry 468: 阎王好见，小鬼难搪 Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Derogatory and humorous in meaning.

468. 阎王好见，小鬼难搪 (閻王好見，小鬼難搪)  Yánwáng hfo jiàn, xifo guh nán táng Translated character by character, 阎王好见，小鬼难搪 means ‘devil-easy-meet, lesser-demon-hard-evade,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘important people are very welcoming, but their handlers are less so.’ Its functional translation is ‘getting past the gatekeeper is the hard part.’ Example 1: A: B:

我要写检举信给省长反映咱们县的腐败案。 如果省长看了大概会起作用，但是阎王好见，小鬼难搪，估计这封 信根本到不了省长手里，在秘书那里就被扣下了。

A: Wi yào xig jifnjjxìn ggi shgng lhngdfo ffnyìng zánmen xiàn de fjbài àn. B: Rúgui shgngzhfng kànle dàgài huì qh zuòyòng, dànshì Yánwáng hfo jiàn, xifoguh nán táng, gejì zhè fbng xìn gbnbgn dàobùlifo shgngzhfng shiulh, zài mìshe nàlh jiù bèi kòuxià le. A: I want to write a letter of accusation reflecting the corruption case in our county to the provincial governor. B: If the provincial governor receives it, it will probably have an effect, but getting past the gatekeeper is the hard part. That letter might not even reach the governor; it’ll be culled by the secretary. Example 2: A: B:

我想见我们局长，可是每次秘书都说局长开会去了。 很明显，你没有打点好秘书，阎王好见，小鬼难搪，下次先把秘书 打点好了，也就能见到领导了。

A: Wi xifng jiàn wimen júzhfng, kgshì mgi cì mìshe ddu shud júzhfng kaihuì qù le. B: Hgn míngxifn, nh méiyiu dfdifn hfo mìshe, Yánwáng hfo jiàn, xifoguh nán táng, xià cì xian bf mìshe dfdifn hfo le, yg jiù néng jiàndào lhngdfo le. A: I want to see our director, but his secretary always tells me he’s in a meeting. B: It’s obvious that you haven’t buttered up the secretary well enough. Getting past the gatekeeper is the hardest part. Next time, once you’ve first made nice with the secretary, you’ll be able to see the boss. Usage: Used singly. Variants: 阎王好见, 小鬼难缠; 阎王好见, 小鬼难当 (缠 chán, tangle) Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning.



Entries 469 – 470: 不见兔子不撒鹰 and 当面锣，对面鼓 361 469. 不见兔子不撒鹰 (不見兔子不撒鷹)  bú jiàn tùzi bù sa ycng

Translated character by character, 不见兔子不撒鹰 means ‘not-see-hare-not-releaseeagle,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to refrain from acting until something is certain.’ Its functional translation is ‘to not commit oneself until success is certain.’ Example 1: A: B:

为什么骗子在中国北方屡屡得手，而在南方却很难得手呢？ 北方人实在，别人说的话都信；南方人精明，不见兔子不撒鹰。

A: Wèishénme piànzi zài Zhdngguó bgifang lrlr déshiu, ér zài nánfang què hgn nán déshiu ne? B: Bgifang rén shízai, biérén shud de huà ddu xìn; nánfang rén jcngmíng, bú jiàn tùzi bù sa ycng. A: Why do cheats succeed time and again in northern China but find it hard to succeed in the south? B: Northerners are naïve; they believe everything other people tell them. Southerners are shrewd; they won’t commit themselves until success is certain. Example 2: A: B:

找他借钱吧。 估计很难，他这个人不见兔子不撒鹰，手紧得很。

A: Zhfo ta jièqián ba. B: Gejì hgn nán, ta zhègè rén bú jiàn tùzi bù sa ycng, shiu jhn de hgn. A: Go borrow money from him. B: It’ll probably be very difficult. That guy is very careful with his money. He won’t commit himself unless he is certain of success. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Neutral in meaning.

470. 当面锣，对面鼓 (當面鑼，對面鼓)  dang miàn luó, duì miàn gj Translated character by character, 当面锣，对面鼓 means ‘facing-gong-opposingdrum,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to argue about or discuss something face-to-face.’ Its functional translation is ‘to hash things out in the open.’

362  Entry 471: 眼大肚子小 Example 1: A:

在背后散布谣言算什么本事？有本事就站出来当面锣，对面鼓地辩 论一次！

A: Zài bèihòu sànbù yáoyán suàn shénme bgnshì? Yiu bgnshì jiù zhàn chelái dang miàn luó duì miàn gj de biànlùn yí cì! A: What kind of integrity is spreading rumors behind people’s backs? Someone with character would stand up and hash things out in the open! Example 2: A:

这样吧，我把你们两个都约出来。大家当面锣，对面鼓，把话说明白。

A: Zhèyàng ba, wi bf nhmen lifng gè ddu yub chelái. Dàjia dang miàn luó duì miàn gj, bf huà shud míngbai. A: Here’s what we’ll do, I’ll put you two together. Everyone will hash things out in the open and make themselves understood. Usage: Functions as adverbial or predicate. Note: Neutral in meaning.

471. 眼大肚子小 (眼大肚子小)  yfn dà dùzi xifo Translated character by character, 眼大肚子小 means ‘eyes-big-stomach-small,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to want to tackle more than one is able.’ Its functional translation is ‘to have eyes bigger than one’s stomach.’ Example 1: A: B:

再多吃点儿！ 这桌子菜这么好吃，我想吃光它们，可是眼大肚子小，再也吃不下 了。

A: Zài dud chc difnr! B: Zhè zhudzi cài zhème hfochc, wi xifng chc guang tamen, kgshì yfn dà dùzi xifo, zài yg chc bú xià le. A: Eat some more! B: The food on this table is so good, I want to eat it all, but my eyes are bigger than my stomach. I can’t get anything else down. Example 2: A:

他是个书迷，看见书就想买，可惜眼大肚子小，买了很多，看得不 多。



Entry 472: 浅水养不了大鱼 363

A: Ta shì gè shemí, kàn jiàn she jiù xifng mfi, kgxc yfn dà dùzi xifo, mfile hgn dud, kàn de bù dud. A: He’s a bookworm. If he sees a book, he wants to buy it. It’s a shame his eyes are bigger than his stomach. He’s bought a lot of books but read few. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning.

472. 浅水养不了大鱼 (淺水養不了大魚)  qifn shuh yfng bù lifo dà yú Translated character by character, 浅水养不了大鱼 means ‘shallow-water-raise-notable-big-fish,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘ambitious or talented people need room to grow.’ Its functional translation is ‘a big fish needs a big pond.’ Example 1: A: B:

听说他也交了辞职报告走了。 是啊，咱们是小公司，他是大能人，浅水养不了大鱼，离开是早晚 的事。

A: Tcngshud ta yg jiaole cízhí bàogào ziu le. B: Shì a, zánmen shì xifo gdngsc, ta shì dà néngrén, qifnshuh yfng bùlifo dàyú, líkai shì zfowfn de shì. A: I heard he also proffered his resignation and left. B: Yeah. We’re a small company and he’s a wunderkind. A big fish needs a big pond; he was going to leave sooner or later. Example 2: A: B: A:

经理，他的求职简历看起来太好了。 这不是挺好吗？ 我担心浅水养不了大鱼，他只是拿咱们公司做个跳板。

A: Jcnglh, ta de qiúzhí jifnlì kàn qhlái tài hfo le. B: Zhè búshì thng hfo ma? A: Wi danxcn qifnshuh yfng bùlifo dàyú, ta zhhshì ná zánmen gdngsc zuò gè tiàobfn. A: Manager, his CV looks too good. B: Isn’t that a good thing? A: I’m worried that a big fish needs a big pond and he’s just using our company as a springboard. Usage: Functions as predicate or object.

364  Entries 473 – 474: 吃别人嚼过的馍不香 and 起大早，赶晚集 Variant: 浅水养不住大鱼 Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.

473. 吃别人嚼过的馍不香 (吃別人嚼過的饃不香)  chc bié rén jiáo guò de mó bù xiang Translated character by character, 吃别人嚼过的馍不香 means ‘eat-other-personchew-ed-naan-not-tasty,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘getting to something second is not enjoyable.’ Its functional translation is ‘if you’re not first, you’re last.’ Example 1: A:

艺术家们最不愿意吃别人嚼过的馍，他们总是追求独树一帜。

A: Yìshùjiamen zuì bú yuànyì chc biérén jiáoguò de mó, tamen zingshì zhucqiú dúshù-yízhì. A: Artists are completely unwilling to do what others have done before. They’re always seeking to blaze a new trail. Example 2: A: B:

我有一个新想法，……。 你已经说了已经有别人这样做了，那你还是想点儿别的吧。吃别人 嚼过的馍不香。

A: Wi yiu yígè xcn xifngff, ……. B: Nh yhjcng shudle yhjcng yiu biérén zhèyàng zuò le, nà nh háishì xifng difnr biéde ba. Chc biérén jiáoguò de mó bù xiang. A: I’ve got a new idea,  .  .  . B: You already said that someone else did that already, so you should think of something else. If you’re not first, you’re last. Usage: Functions as predicate or used singly. Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning.

474. 起大早，赶晚集 (起大早，趕晚集)  qh dà zfo, gfn wfn jí Translated character by character, 起大早，赶晚集 means ‘get up-(in) early morningarrive at-market-late,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to be first to start but the last to finish.’ Its functional translation, is ‘first off the blocks, but last over the line.’



Entry 475: 打不着狐狸惹身骚 365

Example 1: A: B: A:

日本那家电子公司在显示技术上够倒霉的。 怎么讲？ 起了个大早，赶了个晚集。他们是最先提出改善显示技术的，并且 投入了很多研究经费，可是最后被美国和韩国的公司领先了。

A: Rìbgn nà jia diànzh gdngsc zài xifnshì jìshù shàng gòu dfoméi de. B: Zgnme jifng? A: Qhle gè dà zfo, gfnle gè wfn jí. Tamen shì zuìxian tíche gfishàn xifnshì jìshù de, bìngqig tóurù le hgndud yánjie jcngfèi, kgshì zuìhòu bèi Mgiguó hé Hánguó de gdngsc lhngxian le. A: That Japanese electronics company was very unlucky with display technologies. B: Why do you say that? A: They were first off the blocks but last over the line. They were the first to suggest improving display technology, and they invested a lot in R&D, but, in the end, they were surpassed by American and Korean companies. Example 2: A:

有人认为中国在同性恋问题上是起大早，赶晚集，因为在古代人们 对同性恋的态度比较宽容，而到了现代则越来越不包容。

A: Yiurén rènwéi Zhdngguó zài tóngxìngliàn wèntí shàng shì qh dà zfo gfn wfn jí, ycnwèi zài gjdài rénmen duì tóngxìngliàn de tàidù bhjiào kuanróng, ér dàole xiàndài zé yuèláiyuè bù baoróng. A: Some people believe that, in terms of gay rights, China was first off the blocks but last over the line, because their attitude towards homosexuals during ancient times was relatively tolerant, but in modern times has become more and more intolerant. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.

475. 打不着狐狸惹身骚 (打不着狐狸惹身騷)  df bù zháo húli rg shbn sao Translated character by character, 打不着狐狸惹身骚 means ‘get-not-able-fox-catchbody-odor,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to not only not succeed in achieving one’s objective, but also cause oneself trouble.’ Its functional translation is ‘to wake a sleeping giant.’

366  Entry 476: 多面手 Example 1: A: （公安局长）这个人臭名昭著并且很难对付，如果没有绝对把握不能

草率行动，免得打不着狐狸惹身骚。 A: (gdng’an júzhfng) Zhègè rén chòumíng-zhaozhù bìngqig hgn nán duìfù, rúgui méiyiu juéduì bfwò bùnéng cfoshuài xíngdòng, mifnde df bù zháo húli rg shbn sao. A: (Police chief ) This person is notorious and hard to handle so, in order to avoid waking a sleeping giant, if we do not have absolute certainty, we cannot act rashly. Example 2: A: B:

我想联合一些人把他赶下台。 小心啊！他可是只老狐狸，弄不好你们打不着狐狸还惹一身骚。

A: Wi xifng liánhé yìxib rén bf ta gfn xià tái. B: Xifoxcn a! Ta kg shì zhc lfohúli, nòng bù hfo nhmen df bù zháo húli hái rg yì shbn sao. A: I want to get a few people together to unseat him. B: Be careful! He’s a wily old fox. If you screw up, you’ll be waking a sleeping giant. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory or neutral in meaning.

476. 多面手 (多面手)  dud miàn shiu Translated character by character, 多面手 means ‘multi-facet-hand(person),’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘someone with a diverse set of skills and knowledge.’ Its functional translation is ‘a renaissance man/woman,’ or ‘a polymath.’ Example 1: A: B:

他是个难得的人才。 对，业务又精通，又会搞人际关系，是个多面手。

A: Ta shì gè nándé de réncái. B: Duì, yèwù yòu jcngtdng, yòu huì gfo rénjì guanxì, shì gè dudmiànshiu. A: He’s a rare talent. B: Yeah. He’s proficient at his work and he has good interpersonal skills. He’s a renaissance man.



Entries 477 – 478: 鸟枪换炮 and 矬子里拔将军 367

Example 2: A:

她既能唱，又能跳，还会弹乐器，也会作曲，是一位多面手。

A: Ta jì néng chàng, yòu néng tiào, hái huì tán yuèqì, yg huì zuòqj, shì yí wèi dudmiànshiu. A: She can dance, she can sing, she can play instruments, and she can compose. She’s a renaissance woman. Usage: Functions as object. Note: Complimentary in meaning. 477. 鸟枪换炮 (鳥槍換炮)  nifo qiang huàn pào Translated character by character, 鸟枪换炮 means ‘bird-gun-change-cannon,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to see one’s situation improve dramatically.’ Its functional translation is ‘to be moving on up.’ Example 1: A:

哟，一年不见，开上大奔了，鸟枪换炮了啊！

A: Yò, yì nián bú jiàn, kai shàng dà Bbn le, nifo qiang huàn pào le a! A: Oh, I haven’t seen you in a year and you’re driving a Mercedes-Benz now. You’re moving on up! Example 2: A:

以前该公司的设备一直比较落后，现在鸟枪换炮了，采用的都是世 界上最先进的设备。

A: Yh qián gai gdngsc de shèbèi yìzhí bhjiào luòhòu, xiànzài nifo qiang huàn pào le, cfiyòng de ddu shì shìjiè shàng zuì xianjìn de shèbèi. A: Before, this company’s equipment was always pretty outdated, but now they’re moving on up. Everything they’re using is the world’s most advanced equipment. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Humorous in meaning.

478. 矬子里拔将军 (矬子裏拔將軍)  cuózi lh bá jiangjen Translated character by character, 矬子里拔将军 means ‘dwarf-amongst-choosegeneral,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to pick the best out of a bad group.’ Its functional translation is ‘the best house in a bad neighborhood,’ or ‘in the land of the blind, the one-eyed man is king.’

368  Entry 479: 给个棒槌就当针 Example 1: A: B:

他就是你们那里最优秀的了？ 也不是。我们那里最优秀的几个都病了，现在只能矬子里拔将军， 所以选上了他。

A: Ta jiùshì nhmen nàlh zuì yduxiù de le? B: Yg búshì. Wimen nàlh zuì yduxiù de jh gè ddu bìng le, xiànzài zhhnéng cuózi lh bá jiangjen, suiyh xufnshàngle ta. A: He’s the best you’ve got? B: Not really, our best few are all sick. For now, he’s the best house in a bad neighborhood, so we chose him. Example 2: A: B:

他什么能力都没有，怎么被选上州长了？ 咳，这届州长候选人不是有这样的问题就是有那样的问题。他虽然 没有能力，但是问题少，所以矬子里拔将军，就把他选上了。

A: Ta shénme nénglì ddu méiyiu, zgnme bèi xufnshàng zhduzhfng le? B: Hài, zhè jiè zhduzhfng hòuxufnrén búshì yiu zhèyàng de wènti jiùshì yiu nàyàng de wènti. Ta sucrán méiyiu nénglì, dànshì wènti shfo, suiyh cuózi lh bá jiangjen, jiù bf ta xufnshàng le. A: He’s completely incapable; how was he elected governor? B: Oh, in this governor’s race, if a candidate didn’t have one issue, he had another. While this guy is incapable, he had few issues, so we picked the best house in a bad neighborhood. Usage: Functions mainly as predicate Variant: 矮子里拔将军 (used more frequently in written form) Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning.

479. 给个棒槌就当针 (給個棒槌就當針)  ggi gè bàngchui jiù dang zhbn Translated character by character, 给个棒槌就当针 means ‘given-a-club-just-use asneedle,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to take something too literally or seriously.’ Example 1: A:

他可真够幼稚的，没听出来别人是跟他客套，给个棒槌就当针了。

A: Ta kg zhbn gòu yòuzhì de, méi tcng chelái biérén shì gbn ta kètào, ggi gè bàngchui jiù dangzhbn le.



Entry 480: 捧臭脚 369

A: He really is incredibly naïve. He can’t tell that other people are just standing on ceremony. He’s so naïve. Example 2: A:

你怎么那么傻，别人给你个棒槌你就当针了。他们是逗你玩儿呢。

A: Nh zgnme nàme shf, biérén ggi nh gè bàngchui nh jiù dangzhbn le. Tamen shì dòu nh wánr ne. A: How can you be so stupid? You take what they say to you seriously; they’re having a laugh at your expense. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning. 真 is homophone of 针. 当真 means ‘to take at face value; to take seriously.’

480. 捧臭脚 (捧臭腳)  pgng chòu jifo Translated character by character, 捧臭脚 means ‘uphold-stinky-foot,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to shamelessly flatter.’ Its functional translation is ‘to lick someone’s boots.’ Example 1: A: B:

领导说了应该这么办，我们就得这么办。 你就会捧臭脚。领导让你死，你去死吗？

A: Lhngdfo shudle ycnggai zhème bàn, wimen jiù dgi zhème bàn. B: Nh jiù huì pgngchòujifo. Lhngdfo ràng nh sh, nh qù sh ma? A: The boss said we should do it this way, so we have to do it this way. B: You just lick his boots. If he told you to kill yourself, would you? Example 2: A:

他就是一个捧臭脚的，就会拍马屁。

A: Ta jiùshì yígè pgngchòujifo de, jiù huì paimfpì. A: He’s a bootlicker. He’s only good at sucking up to people. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Derogatory in meaning.

370  Entries 481 – 482: 咬人的狗不露齿 and 炒冷饭 481. 咬人的狗不露齿 (咬人的狗不露齒)  yfo rén de giu bú loù chh Translated character by character, 咬人的狗不露齿 means ‘bite-person-dog-not-showteeth,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘things that seem harmless are always the most dangerous.’ Its functional translation is ‘beware of a silent dog and still water.’ Example 1: A: B:

他看起来挺面善的，做起事来不至于这么狠吧？ 你太幼稚了。咬人的狗不露齿，让你防不胜防啊？

A: Ta kàn qhlái thng miànshàn de, zuò qh shì lái bú zhìyú zhème hgn ba? B: Nh tài yòuzhì le. Yfo rén de giu bú loù chh, ràng nh fángbúshèngfáng a? A: He looks pretty kind-faced. He can’t be that vicious, right? B: You’re so naïve, that’s to catch you off balance. Beware of a silent dog and still water. Example 2: A: B: A:

你要小心。他在背后没少说你坏话。 不至于吧？他人挺好的。 咬人的狗不露齿，看着老实，咬起人来才凶呢。

A: Nh yào xifoxcn. Ta zài bèihòu méi shfo shud nh huàihuà. B: Bú zhìyú ba? Ta rén thng hfo de. A: Yfo rén de giu bú loù chh, kànzhe lfoshi, yfo qh rén lái cái xidng ne. A: You need to watch out. He’s been saying a lot of bad things about you behind your back. B: Can that be? He’s a good person. A: Beware of a silent dog and still water. He looks honest, but when he attacks people, he’s fierce. Usage: Used singly. Note: Derogatory in meaning.

482. 炒冷饭 (炒冷飯)  chfo lgng fàn Translated character by character, 炒冷饭 means ‘stir-cold-rice,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to hype something old without adding anything new.’ Its functional translation is ‘to rehash.’



Entry 483: 一只羊是赶，一群羊也是放 371

Example 1: A: B:

今天的报告人又讲鲁迅的小说。 又在炒冷饭，已经讲了一百多年了。

A: Jcntian de bàogàorén yòu jifng Ljxùn de xifoshud. B: Yòu zài chfolgngfàn, yhjcng jifngle yì bfi dud nián le. A: Today’s presenter talked about Lu Xun’s novels again. B: Still rehashing it. It’s already been talked about for over a hundred years. Example 2: A: B:

媒体又在评选最伟大的足球运动员。 这是炒冷饭，几乎每隔十年八年就炒一次。

A: Méith yòu zài píngxufn zuì wgidà de zúqiú yùndòngyuán. B: Zhè shì chfolgngfàn, jhhe mgi gé shí nián ba nián jiù chfo yí cì. A: The media is polling to select the greatest soccer player again. B: That’s rehashing. They remake the story practically every eight or ten years. Usage: Functions as predicate or predicative. Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning.

483. 一只羊是赶，一群羊也是放 (一隻羊是趕，

一群羊也是放)  yì zhc yáng shì gfn, yì qún yáng yg shì fàng Translated character by character, 一只羊是赶，一群羊也是放 means ‘one-MWsheep-is-drive, one-flock-sheep-also-is-herd,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘one more is not a burden.’ Its functional translation is ‘what’s one more?’ Example 1: A: B:

他们家已经有三个孩子了，现在老婆又大肚子了，还要生啊？ 那有什么，一只羊是赶，一群羊也是放。

A: Tamen jia yhjcng yiu san gè háizi le, xiànzài lfopo yòu dàdùzh le, háiyào shbng a? B: Nà yiu shénme, yì zhc yáng shì gfn, yì qún yáng yg shì fàng. A: They already have three kids, but the wife is pregnant again. Are they having another? B: That’s not a big deal. What’s one more?

372  Entry 484: 虱子多了不咬，账多了不愁 Example 2: A: B:

老牛，上头决定这项工作也由你负责。 领导这么信任我，把工作都给我干了。对我来说无所谓，一只羊是 赶，一群羊也是放，只要领导不挑剔质量就行了。

A: Lfo Niú, shàngtou juédìng zhè xiàng gdngzuò yg yóu nh fùzé. B: Lhngdfo zhème xìnrèn wi, bf gdngzuò ddu ggi wi gàn le. Duì wi láishud wúsuiwèi, yì zhc yáng shì gfn, yì qún yáng yg shì fàng, zhhyào lhngdfo bù tiaoti zhìliàng jiù xíng le. A: Old Niu, the boss has decided that you’ll be responsible for this task. B: The boss really trusts me, giving me all of the work. I don’t care, what’s one more? As long as he’s not picky about quality, it’s fine. Usage: Used singly. Note: Neutral in meaning.

484. 虱子多了不咬，账多了不愁 (蝨子多了不咬，

賬多了不愁)  shczi dud le bù yfo, zhàng dud le bù chóu Translated character by character, 虱子多了不咬, 账多了不愁 means ‘lice-many-notbite, debts-many-not-worry,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘when one is up to one’s ears in debt, one stops worrying.’ Its functional translation is ‘worry is interest paid on trouble before it is due.’ Example 1: A: B:

你欠那么多债，不担心债主去告你啊？ 我啊？虱子多了不咬，账多了不愁。他们把我送进监狱，更一分钱 都得不到了，所以现在他们对我客气着呢。

A: Nh qiàn nàme dud zhài, bù danxcn zhàizhj qù gào nh a? B: Wi a? Shczi dudle bù yfo, zhàng dud le bù chóu. Tamen bf wi sòngjìn jianyù, gèng yc fbn qián ddu dé búdào le, suiyh xiànzài tamen duì wi kèqì zhe ne. A: You’re so deep in debt, aren’t you worried the creditor will sue you? B: Me? If I owe you a pound, I have a problem; if I owe you a million, the problem is yours. If they send me to jail, they won’t get even a penny, so now they’re being polite to me. Example 2: A: B:

还有三天就大考了，你怎么还那么轻松？ 我以前欠得太多了，现在虱子多了不咬，账多了不愁，反正也考不 好了。



Entry 485: 攒鸡毛，凑掸子 373

A: Hái yiu san tian jiù dàkfo le, nh zgnme hái nàme qcngsdng? B: Wi yhqián qiàn de tài dud le, xiànzài shczi dudle bù yfo, zhàng dudle bù chóu, ffnzhèng yg kfo bù hfo le. A: The big test is in just three days; how are you still so calm? B: I’ve already fallen too far behind. At this point, worry is just interest paid on trouble before it’s due. In any case, I won’t do well. Usage: Functions as predicate or used singly. Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning.

485. 攒鸡毛，凑掸子 (攢雞毛，湊擔子)  zfn jc máo, còu dfnzi Translated character by character, 攒鸡毛，凑掸子 means ‘accumulate-chickenfeather-make up-duster,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘quantity does not make up for inferior quality.’ Example 1: A: B:

咱们的竞争对手联合了二十家小公司，要跟咱们对抗。 别说二十家，就是二百家也不是咱们的对手啊。他们就是攒鸡毛， 凑掸子。

A: Zánmen de jìngzhbng duìshiu liánhé le èrshí jia xifo gdngsc, yào gbn zánmen duìkàng. B: Bié shud èrshí jia, jiùshì èr bfi jia yg búshì zánmen de duìshiu a. Tamen jiùshì zfn jcmáo, còu dfnzi. A: Our competitor combined twenty small companies and wants to compete with us. B: It doesn’t matter if it’s 20 or 200 companies, they’re not our competitor. They’re just trying to use quantity to make up for quality. Example 2: A: B: A: B:

房子首付凑齐了吗？ 终于齐了。 找了好多人吧？ 可不是，东借西借，攒鸡毛，凑掸子，终于凑齐了。

A: Fángzi shiufù còu qí le ma? B: Zhdngyú qí le. A: Zhfole hfo dud rén ba? B: Kgbúshì, ddng jiè xc jiè, zfn jcmáo, còu dfnzi, zhdngyú còu qí le. A: Have you pieced together the down payment yet? B: Yes, finally.

374  Entry 486: 骑脖子拉屎 A: Did you ask a lot of people? B: Yeah, I borrowed from everyone. Piece by piece, I finally got the down payment together. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

486. 骑脖子拉屎 (騎脖子拉屎)  qí bózi lashh Translated character by character, 骑脖子拉屎 means ‘sit-neck-poop,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to treat someone like garbage.’ Example 1:

这些房地产商，强行征了人家的住宅，还找人把人家打得吐血，太 残忍了。 B: 这不是骑脖子拉屎吗？让人家怎么活啊？

A:

A: Zhèxib fángdìchfnshang, qiángxíng zhbngle rénjia de zhùzhái, hái zhfo rén bf rénjia df de tùxig, tài cánrgn le. B: Zhè búshì qí bózi lashh ma? Ràng rénjia zgnme huó a? A: That real estate developer forcefully took someone’s home and asked some people to severely beat him. It’s so cruel. B: Isn’t he treating others like garbage? How can he live like that? Example 2: A: B:

他在我眼前调戏我老婆。 简直骑着你脖子拉屎，你怎么办了？

A: Ta zài wi yfnqián tiáoxì wi lfopo. B: Jifnzhí qízhe nh bózi lashh, nh zgnme bàn le? A: He flirted with my wife right in front of me. B: He really treated you like garbage. What did you do about it? Usage: Functions as predicate or predicative. Variant: 骑着脖子拉屎 Note: Derogatory in meaning.



Entries 487 – 488: 指着和尚骂秃子 and 蚂蚱也是肉 375 487. 指着和尚骂秃子 (指著和尚罵禿子)  zhh zhe héshang mà tezi

Translated character by character, 指着和尚骂秃子 means ‘point-ing-monk-cursebald-person,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to say something to someone that doesn’t appear to be about them, but is, in fact, a thinly veiled criticism.’ Example 1: A: B:

那个女人有过很多男朋友，可是他在她面前总是提到“妓女”。 喔，这不是指着和尚骂秃子嘛。

A: Nàgè nrrén yiu guò hgndud nánpéngyou, kgshì ta zài ta miànqián zingshì tídào “jìnr”. B: Wò, zhè búshì zhhzhe héshang mà tezi ma. A: That woman has had a lot of boyfriends, but he was always mentioning “prostitutes” in front of her. B: Oh, isn’t he just criticizing her to her face? Example 2: A: B: A:

你什么意思？ 你自己心里清楚。 有种就说出来，别指着和尚骂秃子。

A: Nh shénme yìsi? B: Nh zìjh xcnli qcngchu. A: Yiu zhing jiù shud chelái, bié zhh zhe héshang mà tezi. A: What do you mean? B: You know what I mean. A: If you have the guts, just spit it out. Don’t beat around the bush. Usage: Functions as predicate or predicative. Note: Derogatory and humorous in meaning.

488. 蚂蚱也是肉 (螞蚱也是肉)  màzha yg shì ròu Translated character by character, 蚂蚱也是肉 means ‘locust-also-is-meat,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘a buck is a buck.’ Example 1: A: B:

利润这么低的生意你也做？ 蚂蚱也是肉！这年头生意不好做啊。

376  Entry 489: 背着抱着一般沉 A: Lìrùn zhème dc de shbngyì nh yg zuò? B: Màzha yg shì ròu! Zhè nián tóu shbngyì bù hfo zuò a. A: You even engage in such low-profit business? B: A buck is a buck! In this sort of an environment, business is hard. Example 2: A: B:

银行在那个服务项目上增收了一毛钱。 一毛钱虽然少，但是蚂蚱腿也是肉，多了就显出来了。

A: Yínháng zài nàgè fúwù xiàngmù shàng zbngshdu le yì máo qián. B: Yì máo qián sucrán shfo, dànshì màzha tuh yg shì ròu, dudle jiù xifn chelái le. A: The bank raised fees by ten cents on that service. B: While ten cents is not much, a buck is a buck. It adds up. Usage: Used singly. Variants: 蚂蚱腿也是肉; 蚂蚱虽小也是肉 Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.

489. 背着抱着一般沉 (背著抱著一般沉)  bbi zhe bào zhe yìban chén Translated character by character, 背着抱着一般沉 means ‘carry on back-ing-carry in arms-ing-equal-heavy,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘it’s more or less the same.’ Its functional translation is ‘six of one, half a dozen of the other.’ Example 1: A: B:

我是买精装房，还是买毛坯房然后自己再装修？ 背着抱着一般沉，看你急不急住了。

A: Wi shì mfi jcngzhuangfáng, háishi mfi máopcfáng ránhòu zìjh zài zhuangxie? B: Bbizhe bàozhe yìban chén, kàn nh jí bù jí zhù le. A: Should I buy a finished house, or should I buy a semi-finished house and then renovate it myself? B: It’s six of one, half a dozen of the other. It depends on whether you’re anxious to move in or not. Example 2:

我的个人所得税，是先少交些然后再补，还是先多交些然后再退税 呢？ B: 背着抱着一般沉，先多交省心。 A:



Entry 490: 一言堂 377

A: Wide gèrénsuidéshuì, shì xian shfo jiao xib ránhòu zài bj, háishi xian dud jiao xib ránhòu zài tuìshuì ne? B: Bbizhe bàozhe yìban chén, xian dud jiao shgngxcn. A: For my income taxes, should I underpay first and then supplement, or should I overpay and then get a refund? B: It’s six of one, half a dozen of the other. Overpaying first saves you the worry. Usage: Used singly. Note: Neutral in meaning.

490. 一言堂 (一言堂)  yì yán táng Translated character by character, 一言堂 means ‘one-speaking-hall,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘an area where one person’s word goes.’ Example 1: A: B:

他叫别人发言的时候，别人怎么不说话？ 开始的时候有人说，后来发现说不说都是一个样。表面上他很民 主，但实际上搞一言堂，听不进去别人的建议。

A: Ta jiào biérén fayán de shíhòu, biérén zgnme bù shudhuà? B: Kaishh de shíhòu yiu rén shud, hòulái faxiàn shud bù shud ddu shì yígèyàng. Bifomiàn shàng ta hgn mínzhj, dàn shíjìshàng gfo yìyántáng, tcng bú jìnqù biérén de jiànyì. A: When he calls on people to speak, why don’t people talk? B: People spoke at first, but they later realized that it makes no difference whether they speak or not. On the surface, he seems very democratic, but in reality, he rules the roost. He doesn’t take people’s suggestions into account. Example 2: A:

在那个公司的会议上基本上没人讲话，整个会议差不多成了首席执 行官的一言堂。

A: Zài nàgè gdngsc de huìyì shàng jcbgnshàng méi rén jifnghuà, zhgnggè huìyì chàbùdud chéngle shiuxízhíxíngguan de yìyántáng. A: At that company’s meeting, practically no one spoke. The whole meeting pretty much turned into the CEO show. Usage: Functions as object, often after verb ‘搞.’ Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

378  Entry 491: 乱拳打死老师傅 491. 乱拳打死老师傅 (亂拳打死老師傅)  luàn quán df sh lfo shcfu Translated character by character, 乱拳打死老师傅 means ‘chaos-fist-beat-to deathold-master,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘an inexperienced person defeats a master by throwing out the rules or traditions.’ Example 1: A: B: A:

英格兰队赢了意大利队？ 真的？怎么可能？意大利队踢得那么好。 按理说赢不了，但是今天的比赛英格兰队的战术很奇怪，根本不讲 究章法，一阵乱攻，乱拳打死老师傅。

A: Ycnggélán duì yíngle Yìdàlì duì? B: Zhbnde? Zgnme kgnéng? Yìdàlì duì tc de nàme hfo. A: Àn lh shud yíng bùlifo, dànshì jcntian de bhsài Ycnggélán duì de zhànshù hgn qíguài, gbnbgn bù jifngjie zhangff, yí zhèn luàn gdng, luàn quán df sh lfo shcfu. A: England’s team beat Italy’s? B: Really? How’s that possible? Italy’s team is so good. A: Logically speaking, it isn’t possible, but England’s tactics today were very odd. They really weren’t concerned with organization and attacked haphazardly. They beat the Italians by throwing out the rules. Example 2: A:

这个年轻人与一个资深政客竞选，大家都以为两个人不是一个级别 的，没想到年轻人的竞选行动完全不讲规则，最后乱拳打死老师 傅，竟然赢了。

A: Zhègè niánqcngrén yj yígè zcshbn zhèngkè jìngxufn, dàjia ddu yhwéi lifng gè rén búshì yígè jíbié de, méi xifng dào niánqcngrén de jìngxufn xíngdòng wánquán bù jifng guczé, zuìhòu luàn quán df sh lfo shcfu, jìngrán yíng le. A: When this young person was running against a powerful politician, everyone thought they weren’t on the same level. No one thought that the young person’s campaign events would completely flout tradition and that, in the end, he would surprisingly win by throwing out the rules. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.



Entry 492: 端起碗来吃肉，放下筷子骂娘 379 492. 端起碗来吃肉，放下筷子骂娘 (端起碗來吃肉，

放下筷子駡娘)  duan qh wfn chc ròu, fàng xià kuàizi mà niáng Translated character by character, 端起碗来吃肉，放下筷子骂娘 means ‘hold-upbowl-eat-meat, put-down-chopsticks-scold-mother,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to be ungrateful for that which is provided to them and want more.’ Its functional translation is ‘to drink the ocean and then call it salty.’ Example 1: A: B:

他又在发牢骚，说工作太辛苦。 让他闭嘴。端起碗吃肉，放下筷子骂娘。工资那么高，还想不干 活，简直做梦。

A: Ta yòu zài fa láosao, shud gdngzuò tài xcnkj. B: Ràng ta bìzuh. Duan qh wfn chc ròu, fàngxià kuàizi mà niáng. Gdngzc nàme gao, hái xifng bú gànhuó, jifnzhí zuòmèng. A: He’s grumbling again, saying his job is too arduous. B: Make him shut up. He drinks the ocean and then calls it salty. His salary is huge and he still doesn’t want to work; he’s really dreaming. Example 2:

政治家们也不容易，千方百计地想为老百姓多做些好事，可是老百 姓现在很难满足，总是批评政府。 B: 是啊。端起碗吃肉，放下筷子骂娘。是不是老百姓的要求太高了？ A:

A: Zhèngzhìjiamen yg bù róngyi, qianfang-bfijì de xifng wèi lfobfixìng dud zuò xib hfoshì, kgshì lfobfixìng xiànzài hgn nán mfnzú, zingshì pcpíng zhèngfj. B: Shì a. Duan qh wfn chc ròu, fàngxià kuàizi mà niáng. Shìbúshì lfobfixìng de yaoqiú tài gao le? A: Politicians also have it bad. They do everything in their power to try to do more good for the people, but the people are very hard to satisfy, always criticizing the government. B: Yes, they drink the ocean and then call it salty. Aren’t the people’s demands too extravagant? Usage: Used singly. Variants: 端起碗吃肉, 放下筷子骂娘; 拿起筷子吃肉, 放下筷子骂娘 Note: Derogatory and humorous in meaning.

380  Entries 493 – 494: 出头的椽子先烂 and 一马勺坏一锅 493. 出头的椽子先烂 (出頭的椽子先爛)  che tóu de chuánzi xian làn Translated character by character, 出头的椽子先烂 means ‘stick-out-rafter-first-rot,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘those who stand out are subject to attack.’ Its functional translation is ‘the nail that sticks out gets hammered down.’ Example 1: A: B:

医院的新规定大家都觉得不合理，怎么没人提意见？ 没看出来吗？这次医院不惜代价推行新规定，如果有人反对，肯定 没有好下场。出头的椽子先烂，你还是别带这个头儿吧。

A: Ycyuàn de xcn gucdìng dàjia ddu juéde bù hélh, zgnme méi rén tí yìjian? B: Méi kàn chelai ma? Zhècì ycyuàn bùxc dàijià tucxíng xcn gucdìng, rúgui yiu rén ffnduì, kgndìng méiyiu hfo xiàchang. Chetóu de chuánzi xian làn, nh háishi bié dài zhègè tóur ba. A: Everyone thinks that the hospital’s new rule is unreasonable; so why hasn’t anyone spoken up? B: Haven’t you noticed? This time around, the hospital has spared no expense in implementing the new rule. If anyone objects, it won’t end well. The nail that sticks up gets hammered down. You best not lead on this one. Example 2: A:

部分领导干部在改革的步子上太小，总是跟在别人的后面，担心出 头的椽子先烂。

A: Bùfen lhngdfo gànbù zài gfigé de bùzi shang tài xifo, zingshì gbn zài biéren de hòumian, danxcn chetóu de chuánzi xian làn. A: Some party cadres are moving too slowly toward reform, always following behind the others. They’re afraid that they will be punished for taking the lead. Usage: Usually used singly. Note: Neutral or humorous in meaning.

494. 一马勺坏一锅 (一馬勺壞一鍋)  yì mfsháo huài yì gud Translated character by character, 一马勺坏一锅 means ‘one-ladle-spoil-one-pot,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘one bad thing can spoil the lot.’ Its functional translation is ‘one bad apple spoils the barrel.’



Entry 495: 终日打雁，让雁啄了眼 381

Example 1:

其实绝大多数神父都是好的，就有那么一两个娈童的，结果神职人 员的形象大受影响。 B: 一马勺坏一锅。 A:

A: Qíshí juédàdudshù shénfù ddu shì hfo de, jiù yiu nàme yì-lifng gè luántóng de, jiégui shénzhí rényuán de xíngxiàng dà shòu yhngxifng. B: Yì mfsháo huài yì gud. A: In reality, the vast majority of priests are good. Only a couple are pedophiles, but this seriously affected the image of the clergy. B: One bad apple spoils the barrel. Example 2: A: B:

这批产品中被抽查出来有一件不合格，影响了整批产品的价格。 是啊，一马勺坏一锅。

A: Zhè pc chfnphn zhdng bèi chduchá chelái yiu yí jiàn bù hégé, yhngxifngle zhgng pc chfnphn de jiàgé. B: Shì a, yì mfsháo huài yì gud. A: An inspection revealed that there was one substandard item in this batch of product, and it affected the price of the whole batch. B: Yes, one bad apple spoils the barrel. Usage: Used singly. Note: Slightly derogatory in meaning.

495. 终日打雁，让雁啄了眼 (終日打雁，讓雁啄了眼)  zhdng rì df yàn, ràng yàn zhuó le yfn Translated character by character, 终日打雁，让雁啄了眼 means ‘all-day-hunt-eagle, by-eagle-pecked-eye,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to be unexpectedly bested by one’s quarry.’ Its functional translation is ‘the hunter has become the hunted.’ Example 1: A: B: A:

今天我现眼了。 怎么回事儿？ 我干代理怎么说也有二十年了，什么样的客户没见过？谁能骗得了 我？可是今天我却被一个大学生模样的人骗了，终日打雁，让雁啄 了眼。

382  Entry 496: 老鸹嫌猪黑 A: Jcntian wi xiànyfn le. B: Zgnme huí shìr? A: Wi gàn dàilh zgnme shud yg yiu èrshí nián le, shénmeyàng de kèhù méi jiànguò? Shéi néng piàndelifo wi? Kgshì jcntian wi què bèi yígè dàxuéshbng múyàng de rén piàn le, zhdng rì df yàn, ràng yàn zhuóle yfn. A: I made a fool of myself today. B: What happened? A: I’ve been an agent for at least twenty years now, and I’ve seen every kind of client. Who could cheat me? But, today I was duped by someone who looked like a college student. The hunter has become the hunted. Example 2: A:

那个主持人总喜欢开别人的玩笑，可是今天被别人开了玩笑，终日 打雁，却被雁啄了眼。

A: Nàgè zhjchírén zing xhhuan kai biérén de wánxiào, kgshì jcntian bèi biérén kaile wánxiào, zhdng rì df yàn, què bèi yàn zhuóle yfn. A: That show host always enjoys making fun of other people, but today he got made fun of by someone. The hunter became the hunted. Usage: Functions as predicate or used singly. Variants: 终日打雁，叫雁啄了眼; 终日打雁，被雁啄了眼 Note: Slightly derogatory or neutral in meaning.

496. 老鸹嫌猪黑 (老鴰嫌豬黑)  lfogua xián zhe hbi Translated character by character, 老鸹嫌猪黑 means ‘crow-mock-pig-darker,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to criticize someone about something that would also apply to oneself.’ Its functional translation is ‘it’s the pot calling the kettle black.’ Example 1: A: B:

她自己的英语那么差，还说别人的不好。 是啊，老鸹嫌猪黑。

A: Ta zìjh de ycngyj nàme chà, hái shud biérén de bùhfo. B: Shì a, lfogua xián zhe hbi. A: Her English is so poor, yet she says that other person’s English is no good. B: Yeah, it’s the pot calling the kettle black. Example 2: A: B:

他总是嘲笑那些不太聪明的人。 他有什么资格？他自己的智商超不过八十，老鸹嫌猪黑。



Entry 497: 别人牵驴你拔橛 383

A: Ta zingshì cháoxiào nàxib bú tài cdngmíng de rén. B: Ta yiu shénme zcgé? Ta zìjh de zhìshang chao bú guò bashí, lfogua xián zhe hbi. A: He’s always laughing at those people who aren’t so bright. B: What right does he have? His IQ can’t be any higher than 80. It’s the pot calling the kettle black. Usage: Used singly. Note: Derogatory and humorous in meaning.

497. 别人牵驴你拔橛 (別人牽驢你拔橛)  bié rén qian lp nh bá jué Translated character by character, 别人牵驴你拔橛 means ‘other-person-lead-donkeyyou-pull-stake,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to shoulder the blame and not get what one wants.’ Its functional translation is ‘to get caught holding the bag.’ Example 1: A: B: A: B:

听说那个省的人正在抢购盐呢。 是啊，价格已经炒上去十倍了，政府已经很关注了。 那我们也赶快贩一批盐过去吧？ 诶，别人牵驴你拔橛。你没听见刚才我说政府已经盯上了吗？你一 去不是正好被政府抓到吗？

A: Tcngshud nàgè shgng de rén zhèngzài qifnggòu yán ne. B: Shì a, jiàgé yhjcng chfo shàngqù shí bèi le, zhèngfj yhjcng hgn guanzhù le. A: Nà wimen yg gfnkuài fàn yì pc yán guòqù ba? B: Èi, biérén qian lp nh bá jué. Nh méi tcngjiàn gangcái wi shud zhèngfj yhjcng dcng shàng le ma? Nh yí qù búshì zhènghfo bèi zhèngfj zhua dào ma? A: I hear people in that province are making a run on salt. B: Yeah. The price has already been jacked up ten times; the government is already monitoring it closely. A: Then let’s quickly move a shipment of salt there to sell. B: Huh? And get caught holding the bag? Didn’t you just hear me say that the government is already onto it? Wouldn’t you get caught by the government once you got there? Example 2: A: （医生甲）你看，报纸上又在骂咱们呢，说咱们收费过高了。 B: （医生乙）咱们这一行真倒霉，钱都让别人赚走了大头儿，别人牵走

了驴，咱们成了拔橛的了。

384  Entry 498: 仔卖爷田不心疼 A: (ycsheng jif) Nh kàn, bàozhh shàng yòu zài mà zánmen ne, shud zánmen shdufèi guò gao le. B: (ycsheng yh) Zánmen zhè yì háng zhbn dfoméi, qián ddu ràng biérén zuàn ziule dàtóur, biérén qian ziu le lp, zánmen chéngle bá jué de le. A: (Doctor A) Look, they’re slandering us in the newspaper again, saying our fees are too high. B: (Doctor B) Our industry is such a mess. The vast majority of the money has all been taken by other people and we’ve been left holding the bag. Usage: Used singly. Variants: 别人(or 人家)牵驴(or 牛)你拔橛(or 桩) Note: Derogatory and humorous in meaning.

498. 仔卖爷田不心疼 (仔賣爺田不心疼)  zfi mài yé tián bù xcn téng Translated character by character, 仔卖爷田不心疼 means ‘child-sell-grandfatherfield-not-heart-painful,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘to sell one’s inheritance with no regret.’ Its functional translation is ‘to sell one’s birthright for a mess of pottage.’ Example 1:

因为不喜欢做餐饮，他把他爸爸传给他的、经营了几十年的一家在 当地很受欢迎的比萨饼店转手卖给别人了。 B: 咳，仔卖爷田不心疼，他爸要是活着不得气死啊！ A:

A: Ycnwèi bù xhhuan zuò canyhn, ta bf ta bàba chuán ggi ta de, jcngyíngle jhshí nián de yì jia zài dangdì hgn shòu huanyíng de bhsàbhng diàn zhufnshiu mài ggi biérén le. B: Hài, zfi mài yé tián bù xcn téng, ta bà yàoshi huózhe bùdgi qì sh a! A: Because he doesn’t like to run a restaurant, he sold the pizza parlor that his father ran for decades and passed down to him, to another person. B: He sold his birthright for a mess of pottage. If his father were still alive, he would be furious. Example 2: A: B:

这么大的国有企业，以不到市场价格的三分之一卖给私人企业了。 这帮领导啊，仔卖爷田不心疼，反正亏的不是他们自己。他们从中 反倒捞了一把。

A: Zhème dà de guóyiu qhyè, yh búdào shìchfng jiàgé de san fbn zhc yc mài ggi scrén qhyè le. B: Zhè bang lhngdfo a, zfi mài yé tián bù xcn téng, ffnzhèng kuc de búshì tamen zìjh. Tamen cóngzhdng ffndào laole yì bf.



Entry 499: 萝卜快了不洗泥 385

A: That large state owned enterprise was sold to a private company for less than one third of its market value. B: These leaders will sell their birthrights for a mess of pottage. After all, they got something out of it. Usage: Used singly or functions as predicate. Variants: 仔(or 崽)卖爷田不心疼(or 痛) Note: Slightly derogatory and humorous in meaning.

499. 萝卜快了不洗泥 (蘿蔔快了不洗泥)  luóbo kuài le bù xh ní Translated character by character, 萝卜快了不洗泥 means ‘radish-(sell) fast-notwash-mud,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘haste creates an inferior product.’ Its functional translation, is ‘the hasty bitch brings forth blind puppies.’ Example 1: A: B:

这家公司的产品的质量怎么越来越差了，反倒不如前几年的好？ 自从他们的产品一炮走红之后，销量有了保证。萝卜快了不洗泥， 质量差了点儿，但是销量还不错。

A: Zhè jia gdngsc de chfnphn de zhìliàng zgnme yuèláiyuè chà le, ffndào bùrú qián jh nián de hfo? B: Zìcóng tamen de chfnphn yípàoziuhóng zhchòu, xiaoliàng yiule bfozhèng. Luóbo kuàile bù xh ní, zhìliàng chàle difnr, dànshì xiaoliàng hái búcuò. A: How does the quality of this company’s product keep getting worse and worse? On the contrary, it’s not even as good as last year. B: Ever since their product became a hit overnight, their sales volume was guaranteed. The hasty bitch brings forth blind puppies. While the quality has suffered a little, their sales numbers are still good. Example 2: A:

这位小说家自从获得诺贝尔文学奖以后，每年都出版好几本小说。 当然，萝卜快了不洗泥，质量也越来越差。

A: Zhè wèi xifoshudjia zìcóng huòdé Nuòbèi’gr wénxuéjifng yhhòu, mginián ddu chebfn hfo jh bgn xifoshud. Dangrán, luóbo kuàile bù xh ní, zhìliàng yg yuèláiyuè chà. A: Ever since that novelist won the Nobel Prize, she’s been publishing many books each year. Of course, the hasty bitch brings forth blind puppies. The quality of her novels is deteriorating.

386  Entry 500: 接地气 Usage: Used singly. Note: Neutral in meaning.

500. 接地气 (接地氣)  jib dì qì Translated character by character, 接地气 means ‘connect with-earth-vapor,’ whereas the implied meaning of this proverb would be ‘connected with ordinary people or circumstances.’ Its functional translation is ‘grounded,’ or ‘down to earth.’ Example 1: A: B: A: B: A:

你好像很不舒服，是不是？ 没有哇。我怎么了？ 那你说话的时候怎么总是耸肩，我还以为你病了呢。 哪儿啊！我就是留学几年，习惯西方的 body language 了。 对了，你又耸肩，说话又夹洋文，在中国这儿不接地气啊。

A: Nh hfoxiàng hgn bù shefu, shìbúshì? B: Méiyiu wa. Wi zgnme le? A: Nà nh shudhuà de shíhòu zgnme zingshì singjian, wi hái yhwéi nh bìngle ne? B: Nfr a! Wi jiùshì liúxué jh nián, xíguàn le xcfang de body language le. A: Duìle, nh yòu singjian, shudhuà yòu jia yángwén, zài Zhdngguó zhèr bù jibdìqì a. A: B: A: B:

You seem very uncomfortable. Are you? No. What’s wrong? Then why do you keep shrugging when you speak? I thought you were sick. Not at all! It’s just because I’ve gotten used to Western body language after studying abroad for several years. B: Right. You not only shrug, you also use words from other languages when you speak Chinese. In China, that’s not down-to-earth. Example 2: A:

冯导演的电影之所以很受观众欢迎就是因为他的电影接地气。

A: Féng dfoyfn de diànyhng zhcsuiyh hgn shòu guanzhòng huanyíng jiùshì ycnwèi ta de diànyhng jibdìqì. A: The reason that Director Feng’s films are very popular is that they are grounded. Usage: Functions as predicate. Note: Complimentary in meaning.

Appendix one: Pinyin index of 500 common Chinese proverbs and colloquial expressions References are to entry numbers.

A àn xià húlu qh le piáo 按下葫芦起了瓢 (465)

B ba jij bù lí shí 八九不离十 (122) ba zì hái méi yì pig 八字还没一撇 (119) bá che luóbo dài che ní 拔出萝卜带出泥 (460) bá gbn hàn máo bh yao ce 拔根汗毛比腰粗 (467) bái kai shuh 白开水 (389) bfi we lóng 摆乌龙 (442) ban qh shítou zá zìjh de jifo 搬起石头砸 自己的脚 (71) bfn shàng dìng dcng 板上钉钉 (275) bàn lù che jia 半路出家 (329) bàn lù sha che gè Chéng Yfojcn 半路杀出个 程咬金 (163) bàn jifo shí 绊脚石 (371) bfo hàn bù zhc è hàn jc 饱汉不知饿汉饥 (288) bfo hù sfn 保护伞 (310) bào dà tuh 抱大腿 (445) bào fó jifo 抱佛脚 (91) bbi hbi gud 背黑锅 (127) bbi zhe bào zhe yìban chén 背着抱着一般沉 (489) biàn sè long 变色龙 (378) bié rén qian lp nh bá jué 别人牵驴你拔橛 (497) bcng dòng san chh, fbi yí rì zhc hán 冰冻 三尺，非一日之寒 (130) bcng shan yì jifo 冰山一角 (304)

bìng jí luàn tóu yc 病急乱投医 (237) bù chénggdng, biàn chéng rén 不成功， 便成仁 (394) bù dang jia bù zhc chái mh guì 不当家不知 柴米贵 (342) bù dfo wbng 不倒翁 (270) bú dào Huáng Hé xcn bù sh 不到黄河心不死 (134) bù fbn qcng hóng zào bái 不分青红皂白 (54) bù gufn hbi mao bái mao, huì zhud lfoshj jiù shì hfo mao 不管黑猫白猫，会捉老鼠 就是好猫 (169) bùgufn san qc èrshíyc 不管三七二十一 (23) bú jiàn guancai bú luò lèi 不见棺材不落泪 (94) bú jiàn tùzi bù sa ycng 不见兔子不撒鹰 (469) bú kàn sbng miàn kàn fó miàn 不看僧面看 佛面 (240) bú pà yí wàn, jiù pà wànyc 不怕一万， 就怕万一 (21) bú rù hj xuè, yan dé hj zh 不入虎穴， 焉得虎子 (116) bú shì chc sù de 不是吃素的 (188) bú shì shgng yóu de dbng 不是省油的灯 (125) bú shì yú sh, jiù shì wfng pò 不是鱼死， 就是网破 (303)

C ca pìgu 擦屁股 (417) cangying bù dcng wú fèng de dàn 苍蝇不叮 无缝的蛋 (368) chai ddng qiáng, bj xc qiáng 拆东墙， 补西墙 (350)

388  Appendix one: Pinyin index cháng tòng bù rú dufn tòng 长痛不如短痛 (300) cháng zài hé bian ziu, nf yiu bù shc xié 常在河边走，哪有不湿鞋 (220) chàng duì tái xì 唱对台戏 (376) chàng gao diào 唱高调 (313) chàng kdng chéng jì 唱空城计 (400) chàng shuang huáng 唱双簧 (308) chfo lgng fàn 炒冷饭 (482) chfo yóu yú 炒鱿鱼 (66) chb dào shan qián bì yiu lù 车到山前 必有路 (82) chg hòu tuh 扯后腿 (320) chén zhcma, làn gjzi 陈芝麻、烂谷子 (264) chéng shì bù zú, bài shì yiu yú 成事不足， 败事有余 (38) chéng yg Xiao Hé, bài yg Xiao Hé 成也萧何，败也萧何 (359) chc bì mén gbng 吃闭门羹 (222) chc bié rén jiáo guò de mó bù xiang 吃别人嚼过的馍不香 (473) chc bú dào pútao jiù shud pútao suan 吃不到葡萄就说葡萄酸 (43) chc bù lifo ddu zhe ziu 吃不了兜着走 (84) chc dà gud fàn 吃大锅饭 (337) chc dòufu 吃豆腐 (206) chc rufn fàn 吃软饭 (211) chc shuh bú wàng wa jhng rén 吃水不忘挖 井人 (268) chc xiang de, hb là de 吃香的，喝辣的 (77) chc yfba kuc 吃哑巴亏 (215) chc yí qiàn, zhfng yí zhì 吃一堑，长一智 (7) chc zhe wfn lh de, kàn zhe gud lh de 吃着碗里的，看着锅里的 (24) chh yiu sui dufn, cùn yiu sui cháng 尺有所短，寸有所长 (407) chiu huà shud zài qiántou 丑话说在前头 (162) chiu xífu zfo wfn yg dgi jiàn gdng pó 丑媳妇早晚也得见公婆 (233) chelai hùn de, zing yào huán de 出来混的，总要还的 (408) che qì ting 出气筒 (121) che tóu de chuánzi xian làn 出头的椽子 先烂 (493) che shbng niú dú bú pà hj 初生牛犊 不怕虎 (155) chuan xifo xié 穿小鞋 (321) chuc niú pí 吹牛皮 (98) ch dì wú yín sanbfi lifng 此地无银三百两 (42) cù tánzi 醋坛子 (179) cuózi lh bá jiangjen 矬子里拔将军 (478)

D df bù zháo húli rg shbn sao 打不着狐狸惹 身骚 (475) df ca bian qiú 打擦边球 (327) df diào mén yá wfng dù lh yàn 打掉门牙往 肚里咽 (375) df giu hái dgi kàn zhj rén 打狗还得 看主人 (167) df jiàngyóu 打酱油 (20) df kai tian chuang shud liàng huà 打开天窗说亮话 (190) df mfhu yfn 打马虎眼 (325) df rúyì suànpán 打如意算盘 (238) df shuh piao 打水漂 (314) df tuì táng gj 打退堂鼓 (146) df xifo suànpán 打小算盘 (255) df yì bazhang, ggi gè tián zfo 打一巴掌， 给个甜枣 (405) df zhing lifn chdng pàngzi 打肿脸充胖子 (85) dà dib yfn jìng 大跌眼镜 (369) dà shù dhxia hfo chéngliáng 大树底下好 乘凉 (249) dà shuh chdng le lóng wáng miào 大水冲了 龙王庙 (360) dà yì shc Jcngzhdu 大意失荆州 (410) dà yú chc xifo yú 大鱼吃小鱼 (351) dài gao mào 戴高帽 (338) dang gr páng fbng 当耳旁风 (87) dang miàn luó, duì miàn gj 当面锣， 对面鼓 (470) dang yì tian héshang zhuàng yì tian zhdng 当一天和尚撞一天钟 (227) daozi zuh, dòufu xcn 刀子嘴，豆腐心 (63) dào df yì pá 倒打一耙 (263) dào shénme shan chàng shénme gb 到什么山唱什么歌 (466) dé piányi mài guai 得便宜卖乖 (124) dbng bízi shàng lifn 蹬鼻子上脸 (205) diào liànzi 掉链子 (159) dcng shì dcng, mfo shì mfo 丁是丁， 卯是卯 (425) ddng fang bú liàng xc fang liàng 东方不亮 西方亮 (430) ddng fbng ya dfo xc fbng 东风压倒西风 (423) dú mù bù chéng lín 独木不成林 (379) duan qh wfn chc ròu, fàng xià kuàizi mà niáng 端起碗来吃肉，放下筷子骂娘 (492) duì hào rù zuò 对号入座 (141)

duì shì bú duì rén 对事不对人 (174) dud gè péngyou dud tiáo lù 多个朋友 多条路 (253) dud miàn shiu 多面手 (476) dud nián de xífu áo chéng pó 多年的媳妇 熬成婆 (426) dui de guò che-yc, dui bù guò shíwj 躲得过初一，躲不过十五 (76)

E èr 二 (290) èr bfi wj 二百五 (6) èr hj xiang zhbng, bì yiu yì shang 二虎相争，必有一伤 (349) èr yc tian zuò wj 二一添作五 (448)

F fàng gbzi 放鸽子 (113) fàng wèi xcng 放卫星 (432) fàng cháng xiàn, diào dà yú 放长线， 钓大鱼 (184) féi shuh bù liú wài rén tián 肥水不流外人田 (52) fbn yì bbi gbng 分一杯羹 (377) fbng mf niú bù xiang jí 风马牛不相及 (148) fbng yí zhèn, yj yí zhèn 风一阵，雨一阵 (449)

G gfn yazi shàng jià 赶鸭子上架 (182) gan df léi, bú xià yj 干打雷，不下雨 (271) gao bù chéng, dc bú jiù 高不成，低不就 (298) gbbo nij bú guò dàtuh 胳膊扭不过大腿 (287) gbbozhiu wfng wài nij 胳膊肘往外扭 (299) gé háng rú gé shan 隔行如隔山 (357) gé qiáng yiu gr 隔墙有耳 (186) gè df wjshí dà bfn 各打五十大板 (443) ggi gè bàngchui jiù dang zhbn 给个棒槌 就当针 (479) ggi lì 给力 (291) ggi ta yì difn yánsè kàn kàn 给他一点颜色 看看 (322) gdng shud gdng yiu lh, pó shud pó yiu lh 公说公有理，婆说婆有理 (144) giu gfi bù lifo chc shh 狗改不了吃屎 (171) giu jí le tiào qiáng 狗急了跳墙 (135)

Appendix one: Pinyin index  389 giu tuh zi 狗腿子 (284) giu yfn kàn rén dc 狗眼看人低 (136) giu yfo giu 狗咬狗 (312) giu zuh lh tj bù che xiàng yá 狗嘴里吐不出 象牙 (59) guà yáng tóu, mài giu ròu 挂羊头、卖狗肉 (218) Guangdng miàn qián shuf dà dao 关公面前耍大刀 (297) guang jifo de bú pà chuan xié de 光脚的 不怕穿鞋的 (393) gjn dao ròu 滚刀肉 (395) guò hé chai qiáo 过河拆桥 (105) guò le zhè ge cen, jiù méi zhè ge diàn 过了这个村，就没这个店 (90) guò wj guan, zhfn liù jiàng 过五关、 斩六将 (372)

H hfo hàn bù chc yfn qián kuc 好汉不吃 眼前亏 (50) hfo le shangba wàng le téng 好了伤疤 忘了疼 (178) hfo mf bù chc huí tóu cfo 好马不吃回头草 (1) hfo xì zài hòutou 好戏在后头 (97) hèn tig bù chéng gang 恨铁不成钢 (88) héng tiao bízi shù tiao yfn 横挑鼻子竖挑眼 (399) hóng yfn bìng 红眼病 (343) Hóngmén yàn 鸿门宴 (214) hóu nián mf yuè 猴年马月 (31) húli jcng 狐狸精 (161) húli wgiba lòu chelái le 狐狸尾巴露出来了 (352) húlu lh mài de shì shénme yào 葫芦里卖的 是什么药 (344) hj dú bù shí zh 虎毒不食子 (165) hua wú bfi rì hóng 花无百日红 (422) huà hj bù chéng ffn lèi qufn 画虎不成 反类犬 (409) huàn tang bú huàn yào 换汤不换药 (197) huáng dì nr ér bù chóu jià 皇帝女儿不愁嫁 (418) huángshang bù jí tàijian jí 皇上不急太监急 (39) huì ke de háizi yiu nfi chc 会哭的孩子有 奶吃 (447) huó rén ràng niào bib sh 活人让尿憋死 (420)

390  Appendix one: Pinyin index hui shao méi máo 火烧眉毛 (384) huò xc ní 和稀泥 (318)

J jc bù zé shí 饥不择食 (173) jcdàn lh tiao gútou 鸡蛋里挑骨头 (83) jc fbi dàn df 鸡飞蛋打 (286) jc fbi giu tiào 鸡飞狗跳 (272) jc máo suàn pí 鸡毛蒜皮 (28) jc tóng ya jifng 鸡同鸭讲 (433) jh sui bú yù, wù shc yú rén 己所不欲， 勿施于人 (15) jh yá gao 挤牙膏 (362) jì shbng Yú, hé shbng Liàng? 既生瑜， 何生亮？ (380) jia cháng biàn fàn 家常便饭 (45) jia chiu bù kg wài yang 家丑不可外扬 (126) jia hua méi yiu yg hua xiang 家花没有 野花香 (436) jia jia yiu bgn nán niàn de jcng 家家有本 难念的经 (100) jià jc suí jc, jià giu suí giu 嫁鸡随鸡， 嫁狗随狗 (189) jifn rufn shìzi nib 拣软柿子捏 (324) jiang shì lfo de là 姜是老的辣 (33) jifo cfi lifng zhc chuán 脚踩两只船 (41) jifo zhèng bú pà xié wai 脚正不怕鞋歪 (413) jib dì qì 接地气 (500) jig líng hái xe jì líng rén 解铃还须系铃人 (51) jiè ddng fbng 借东风 (388) jhn ge zhòu 紧箍咒 (307) jìn shuh lóu tái xian dé yuè 近水楼台先得月 (103) jìn zhe zhg chì, jìn mò zhg hbi 近朱者赤， 近墨者黑 (9) jhng shuh bú fàn hé shuh 井水不犯河水 (111) jìng jij bù chc chc fá jij 敬酒不吃吃罚酒 (75) jie biànzi 揪辫子 (452) jij niú èr hj zhc lì 九牛二虎之力 (74) jij bìng chéng liáng yc 久病成良医 (396) jij féng zhc jh qian bbi shfo 酒逢知己 千杯少 (226) jij xiang bú pà xiàngzi shbn 酒香不怕 巷子深 (301) jiù píng zhuang xcn jij 旧瓶装新酒 (402) jiù mìng dào cfo 救命稻草 (198) jenzh zhc jiao dàn rú shuh 君子之交淡如水 (180)

K kai kòng bái zhc piào 开空白支票 (309) kai lq dbng 开绿灯 (353) kai xifo chai 开小差 (315) kai yè chb 开夜车 (332) kdng shiu tào bái láng 空手套白狼 (385) kòu màozi 扣帽子 (459) kuài dao zhfn luàn má 快刀斩乱麻 (210)

L la bù che shh lái yuàn máofáng 拉不出屎来 怨茅房 (429) làiháma xifng chc tian’é ròu 癞蛤蟆想吃 天鹅肉 (46) làn ní fú bú shàng qiáng 烂泥扶不上墙 (296) lfo diào yá 老掉牙 (70) lfogua xián zhe hbi 老鸹嫌猪黑 (496) lfo húli 老狐狸 (330) lfo huángli 老皇历 (435) lfo niú la pò chb 老牛拉破车 (431) lfo yóu tiáo 老油条 (260) léi shbng dà, yj difn xifo 雷声大、雨点小 (241) lh yú tiào lóng mén 鲤鱼跳龙门 (390) lifn hóng bózi ce 脸红脖子粗 (242) lifng miàn pài 两面派 (316) lifng miàn san dao 两面三刀 (403) liào tiaozi 撂挑子 (381) línzi dà le, shénme nifo ddu yiu 林子大了，什么鸟都有 (27) liú dé qcng shan zài, bú pà méi chái shao 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧 (34) lóng shbng lóng, fèng shbng fèng 龙生龙， 凤生凤 (239) lòu mf jifo 露马脚 (143) luàn tán qín 乱弹琴 (361) luàn quán df sh lfo shcfu 乱拳打死老师傅 (491) luóbo báicài, gè yiu sui ài 萝卜白菜， 各有所爱 (58) luóbo kuài le bù xh ní 萝卜快了不洗泥 (499) luò shuh giu 落水狗 (274) lq màozi 绿帽子 (109)

M má què suc xifo, wj zàng jù quán 麻雀 虽小，五脏俱全 (164) mf hòu pào 马后炮 (158) màzha yg shì ròu 蚂蚱也是肉 (488)

mài guanzi 卖关子 (72) mfn zuh pfo huichb 满嘴跑火车 (461) méiyiu bú tòu fbng de qiáng 没有不透风的 墙 (245) méimao húzi yì bf zhua 眉毛胡子一把抓 (207) mén wài hàn 门外汉 (294) míng qiang yì dui, àn jiàn nán fang 明枪 易躲，暗箭难防 (199) md zhe shítou guò hé 摸着石头过河 (328) mó dao bú wù kfn chái gdng 磨刀不误 砍柴工 (147) mò xe yiu 莫须有 (364) móu shì zài rén, chéng shì zài tian 谋事在人，成事在天 (200) mj lfohj 母老虎 (292)

N ná de qh, fàng de xià 拿得起，放得下 (35) ná jcdàn pèng shítou 拿鸡蛋碰石头 (244) ná jc máo dang lìng jiàn 拿鸡毛当令箭 (365) nf hú bù kai tí nf hú 哪壶不开提哪壶 (65) nh ziu nh de yáng guan dào, wi guò wi de dú mù qiáo 你走你的阳关道，我过我的 独木桥 (89) nifo qiang huàn pào 鸟枪换炮 (477) niú bù hb shuh qiáng àn tóu 牛不喝水 强按头 (441) niú tóu bú duì mf zuh 牛头不对马嘴 (80)

P pai mf pì 拍马屁 (18) pfo le héshang pfo bù lifo miào 跑了和尚 跑不了庙 (108) pfo lóng tào 跑龙套 (250) péi le feren yòu zhé bcng 赔了夫人又折兵 (117) pgng chòu jifo 捧臭脚 (480) pèng dìngzi 碰钉子 (204) pèng yì bízi huc 碰一鼻子灰 (195) pí xiào ròu bú xiào 皮笑肉不笑 (175) pìgu juédìng nfodai 屁股决定脑袋 (455) pd lgng shuh 泼冷水 (152) pò guànzi pò shuai 破罐子破摔 (56)

Q qc dà ge, ba dà yí 七大姑，八大姨 (251) qí bózi lashh 骑脖子拉屎 (486)

Appendix one: Pinyin index  391 qí mf zhfo mf 骑马找马 (457) qh dà zfo, gfn wfn jí 起大早，赶晚集 (474) qian lh mf 千里马 (326) qián pà láng, hòu pà hj 前怕狼，后怕虎 (267) qián rén zai shù, hòu rén chéng liáng 前人栽树，后人乘凉 (295) qifn shuh yfng bù lifo dà yú 浅水养不了 大鱼 (472) qiang df che tóu nifo 枪打出头鸟 (203) qiáng jiàng shiu xià wú ruò bcng 强将手下 无弱兵 (427) qiáng lóng ya bú zhù dìtóushé 强龙压不住 地头蛇 (391) qiáng nij de gua bù tián 强扭的瓜不甜 (69) qiáng dfo zhòng rén tuc 墙倒众人推 (363) qiáng tóu cfo 墙头草 (101) qiao luó bianr 敲锣边儿 (458) qiao mén zhuan 敲门砖 (382) qiao zhú gang 敲竹杠 (319) qifo fù nán wéi wú mh zhc chuc 巧妇难为 无米之炊 (187) qíngrén yfn lh che Xcshc 情人眼里出西施 (19) qie hòu suàn zhàng 秋后算账 (339) qiú yéye, gào nfinai 求爷爷、告奶奶 (373)

R rè lifn tib lgng pìgu 热脸贴冷屁股 (177) rén bù kg mào xiàng, hfi shuh bù kg diu liáng 人不可貌相，海水不可斗量 (26) rén pà che míng zhe pà zhuàng 人怕出名 猪怕壮 (246) rén suàn bù rú tian suàn 人算不如天算 (191) rén wfng gao chù ziu, shuh wfng dc chù liú 人往高处走，水往低处流 (67) ròu làn zài gud lh 肉烂在锅里 (415)

S san gè chòu pí jiàng, dhng gè Zhegé Liàng 三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮 (40) san gè héshang méi shuh chc 三个和尚 没水吃 (181) san gè nr rén yì tái xì 三个女人一台戏 (201) san jifo mao 三脚猫 (221) san jù huà bù lí bgn hang 三句话不离本行 (345)

392  Appendix one: Pinyin index sanshíliù jì ziu wéi shàng 三十六计走为上 (86) sanshí nián hé ddng, sanshí nián hé xc 三十年河东，三十年河西 (223) san tian df yú, lifng tian shài wfng 三天打鱼，两天晒网 (60) san xià wj chú èr 三下五除二 (151) san cháng lifng dufn 三长两短 (95) san zì jcng 三字经 (367) sbng dud zhdu shfo 僧多粥少 (340) sha jc ggi hóu kàn 杀鸡给猴看 (153) sha jc yan yòng zfi niú dao 杀鸡焉用宰牛刀 (248) sha shiu jifn 杀手锏 (172) shan zhdng wú lfo hj, hóuzi chbng dà wáng 山中无老虎，猴子称大王 (247) shàng dao shan, xià hui hfi 上刀山， 下火海 (145) shàng le zéi chuán 上了贼船 (236) shàng liáng bú zhèng xià liáng wai 上梁不正下梁歪 (115) shg bù de háizi tào bú zhù láng 舍不得孩子套不住狼 (217) shbnth shì gémìng de bgnqián 身体是革命 的本钱 (305) shbn zài Cáo yíng xcn zài Hàn 身在曹营 心在汉 (230) shbng mh zuò chéng shú fàn 生米做成熟饭 (154) shèng zhg wáng hóu bài zhg zéi 胜者王侯 败者贼 (234) shczi dud le bù yfo, zhàng dud le bù chóu 虱子多了不咬，账多了不愁 (484) shí wàn ba qian lh 十万八千里 (142) shí shí wù zhg wéi jùn jié 识时务者为俊杰 (110) shì hòu Zhegé Liàng 事后诸葛亮 (273) shì jcn shí 试金石 (383) shì luózi shì mf la chelai liùliu 是骡子 是马拉出来遛遛 (228) shiu xcn shiu bèi ddu shì ròu 手心手背 都是肉 (333) shòu sh de luòtuo bh mf dà 瘦死的骆驼 比马大 (231) shù dà zhao fbng 树大招风 (225) shù dfo húsen sàn 树倒猢狲散 (347) shù nuó sh, rén nuó huó 树挪死，人挪活 (464) shù yù jìng ér fbng bù zhh 树欲静而风不止 (232) shuf hua qiang 耍花枪 (439)

shuang rèn jiàn 双刃剑 (176) shud Cáo Cao, Cáo Cao dào 说曹操，曹操到 (4) shud de bh chàng de hfo tcng 说得比唱得 好听 (68) shud fbng liáng huà 说风凉话 (306) shud nh pàng nh jiù chufn 说你胖你就喘 (416) shud yì qian, dào yí wàn 说一千，道一万 (370) sh mf dang huó mf yc 死马当活马医 (139) sh zhe bú pà kai shuh tang 死猪不怕开水烫 (196) sì lifng bd qian jcn 四两拨千斤 (266) suìyuè shì bf sha zhe dao 岁月是把杀猪刀 (424) sud tóu weguc 缩头乌龟 (334)

T tàiyáng cóng xc bian chelai 太阳从西边 出来 (3) tang hún shuh 趟浑水 (283) táng yc pào dàn 糖衣炮弹 (346) tfng zhe ddu zhòng qiang 躺着都中枪 (412) tàng shiu de shanyù 烫手的山芋 (277) tì tóu tiaozi yc tóu rè 剃头挑子一头热 (450) tì zuì yang 替罪羊 (102) tian gao huángdì yufn 天高皇帝远 (323) tianshang diào xiànbhng 天上掉馅饼 (14) tian wú jué rén zhc lù 天无绝人之路 (47) tianxià méiyiu bú sàn de yánxí 天下没有 不散的筵席 (13) tianxià weya yìban hbi 天下乌鸦一般黑 (133) tiào jìn Huáng Hé xh bù qcng 跳进黄河 洗不清 (17) tig fàn wfn 铁饭碗 (129) tig gdng jc 铁公鸡 (156) tcng fbng jiù shì yj 听风就是雨 (213) ting mf fbng wd 捅马蜂窝 (261) ting pò chuanghu zhh 捅破窗户纸 (366) tdu jc bù chéng ffn shí bf mh 偷鸡不成 反蚀把米 (208) tdu jc md giu 偷鸡摸狗 (138) tóu tòng yc tóu, jifo tòng yc jifo 头痛医头，脚痛医脚 (428) tj baozi 土包子 (224) tùzi bù chc wd bian cfo 兔子不吃窝边草 (128) tùzi wgiba cháng bù lifo 兔子尾巴长不了 (456) tud le kùzi fàng pì 脱了裤子放屁 (387)



Appendix one: Pinyin index  393

W

Y

wai gua liè zfo 歪瓜裂枣 (354) wàn jcn yóu 万金油 (463) wàn shì jù bèi, zhh qiàn ddng fbng 万事俱备，只欠东风 (168) wáng pó mài gua, zì mài zì kua 王婆卖瓜， 自卖自夸 (11) wbn shuh zhj qcngwa 温水煮青蛙 (462) weya zuh 乌鸦嘴 (5) we lòu pian féng lián ycn yj 屋漏偏逢 连阴雨 (259) wú fbng bù qh làng 无风不起浪 (123) wú shì bù dbng san bfo diàn 无事不登 三宝殿 (157) wjshí bù xiào bfi bù 五十步笑百步 (293) wù yh xc wéi guì 物以稀为贵 (10)

Yánwáng hfo jiàn, xifo guh nán tang 阎王好见，小鬼难搪 (468) yfn bú jiàn wéi jìng 眼不见为净 (32) yfn dà dùzi xifo 眼大肚子小 (471) yfn lh róu bù de shazi 眼里揉不得沙子 (150) yfn zhdng dcng, ròu zhdng cì 眼中钉、 肉中刺 (216) yáng máo che zài yáng shbnshang 羊毛出在羊身上 (257) yfo rén de giu bú lòu chh 咬人的狗不露齿 (481) yì bf yàoshi kai yì bf sui 一把钥匙开一把锁 (404) yc bú zuò, èr bù xie 一不做，二不休 (106) yí bù yí gè jifoyìn 一步一个脚印 (114) yì zhao bèi shé yfo, shí nián pà jhng shéng 一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳 (61) yì cháo tianzh yì cháo chén 一朝天子一朝臣 (419) yì chuízi mfimai 一锤子买卖 (398) yì dao qib 一刀切 (401) yc fèn qián yc fèn huò 一分钱一分货 (73) yí gè bazhang pai bù xifng 一个巴掌拍不响 (79) yí gè bí king che qì 一个鼻孔出气 (229) yí gè jiangjen yí gè ling 一个将军一个令 (444) yí gè luóbo yí gè kbng 一个萝卜一个坑 (311) yì gbn shéng shàng de màzha 一根绳上的 蚂蚱 (282) yí gùnzi df sh 一棍子打死 (243) yì gud duan 一锅端 (434) yc huí shbng, èr huí shú 一回生，二回熟 (279) yc kb shù shàng diào sh 一棵树上吊死 (112) yì kiu chc chéng gè pàngzi 一口吃成个胖子 (258) yì mfsháo huài yì gud 一马勺坏一锅 (494) yì mj san fbn dì 一亩三分地 (358) yì pán sfn sha 一盘散沙 (317) yì píngzi bù mfn, bàn píngzi huàngdang 一瓶子不满，半瓶子晃荡 (386) yc shan bù róng èr hj 一山不容二虎 (149) yì shc zú chéng qian gj hèn 一失足成 千古恨 (64) yc shì yc, èr shì èr 一是一，二是二 (252)

X xia mao pèng shàng sh hàozi 瞎猫碰上 死耗子 (49) xià mf wbi 下马威 (132) xià san làn 下三烂 (235) xià tái jib 下台阶 (254) xian jenzh hòu xiforén 先君子后小人 (406) xian hua cha zài niú fèn shàng 鲜花插在 牛粪上 (29) xián yú fan shbn 咸鱼翻身 (281) xiànmù jídù hèn 羡慕嫉妒恨 (374) xifo bái lifn 小白脸 (183) xifo biànzi 小辫子 (355) xifo bù rgn zé luàn dà móu 小不忍则乱 大谋 (166) xifo cài yì dié 小菜一碟 (2) xifo dòngzuò 小动作 (192) xifo ér kb 小儿科 (78) xifo jig de shbnzi yahuán de mìng 小姐的身子丫鬟的命 (453) xifo we jiàn dà we 小巫见大巫 (104) xifo yìsi 小意思 (262) xiào diào dà yá 笑掉大牙 (278) xiào miàn hj 笑面虎 (289) xiè mò sha lp 卸磨杀驴 (411) xcn jí chc bù lifo rè dòufu 心急吃不了 热豆腐 (44) xcn yiu yú ér lì bù zú 心有余而力不足 (53) xcn guan shàng rèn san bf hui 新官上任 三把火 (140)

394  Appendix one: Pinyin index yì yì yì yì yì yì yì

tiáo long 一条龙 (265) tiáo lù ziu dào hbi 一条路走到黑 (302) tóu wù shuh 一头雾水 (356) wfn shuh duan píng 一碗水端平 (276) wd fbng 一窝蜂 (331) yán tang 一言堂 (490) zhao bú shèn, mfn pán jib she 一着不慎，满盘皆输 (212) yì zhc yáng shì gfn, yì qún yáng yg shì fang 一只羊是赶，一群羊也是放 (483) yc húlu huà piáo 依葫芦画瓢 (185) yh qí rén zhc dào huán zhì qí rén zhc shbn 以其人之道还治其人之身 (36) yh xiforén zhc xcn, duó jenzh zhc fù 以小人之心，度君子之腹 (81) yh yá huán yá, yh yfn huán yfn 以牙还牙， 以眼还眼 (107) ycngxióng nán guò mgirén guan 英雄难过 美人关 (62) yìng gjtou 硬骨头 (348) yòng zài dao rèn shàng 用在刀刃上 (285) yiu bízi yiu yfn 有鼻子有眼 (202) yiu chóu bú bào fbi jenzh 有仇不报非君子 (269) yiu nfi jiù shì niáng 有奶就是娘 (414) yiu qí fù bì yiu qí zh 有其父必有其子 (93) yiu qián néng shh guh tuc mò 有钱能使 鬼推磨 (92) yiu xcn zai hua hua bù zhfng, wú xcn cha lij lij chéng ycn 有心栽花花不长，无心 插柳柳成荫 (118) yiu yfn bù shí Tài Shan 有眼不识泰山 (120) yòu xifng dang bifozi yòu xifng lì páifang 又想当婊子又想立牌坊 (437) yòu yào mf ér pfo, yòu yào mf ér bù chc cfo 又要马儿跑，又要马儿不吃草 (440) yú yj xióng zhfng bù kg dé jian 鱼与熊掌 不可得兼 (280) yù sù zé bù dá 欲速则不达 (99) yufn lái de héshang huì niàn jcng 远来的 和尚会念经 (451) yufn qcn bù rú jìn lín 远亲不如近邻 (131) yufn shuh jig bù lifo jìn kg 远水解不了近渴 (193)

Z zá le gud 砸了锅 (446) zfi mài yé tián bù xcn téng 仔卖爷田不心疼 (498) zfn jc máo, còu dfnzi 攒鸡毛，凑掸子 (485) zhàn zhe máokbng bù lashh 占着茅坑不 拉屎 (194) zhàn zhe shudhuà bù yao téng 站着说话不 腰疼 (12) zhb xie bù 遮羞布 (438) zhè shan wàng zhe nà shan gao 这山望着 那山高 (392) zhbn jcn bú pà hui liàn 真金不怕火炼 (170) zhgn bian fbng 枕边风 (397) zhbng yfn xia 睁眼瞎 (16) zhbng yì zhc yfn, bì yì zhc yfn 睁一只眼， 闭一只眼 (55) zhbng zhe yfnjing shud xia huà 睁着眼睛 说瞎话 (8) zhh jiàn shùmù, bú jiàn sbnlín 只见树木， 不见森林 (454) zhh xj zhdu guan fàng hui, bù xj bfixìng difn dbng 只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯 (137) zhh bao bú zhù hui 纸包不住火 (96) zhh lfohj 纸老虎 (160) zhh zhe héshang mà tezi 指着和尚骂秃子 (487) zhdng rì df yàn, ràng yàn zhuó le yfn 终日打雁，让雁啄了眼 (495) zhòng gua dé gua, zhòng dòu dé dòu 种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆 (57) zhòng rén shí chái hui yàn gao 众人拾柴 火焰高 (209) zhj shú de yazi fbi le 煮熟的鸭子飞了 (219) ziu guò chfng 走过场 (335) ziu hòu mén 走后门 (48) ziu mf dbng 走马灯 (421) ziu táo hua yùn 走桃花运 (37) ziu zhe qiáo 走着瞧 (22) zuan niú jifo jian 钻牛角尖 (25) zuì wbng zhc yì bú zài jij 醉翁之意不在酒 (30) zuò lgng bfndèng 坐冷板凳 (341) zuò shan guan hj dòu 坐山观虎斗 (256) zuò wénzhang 做文章 (336)

Appendix two: stroke index of 500 common Chinese proverbs and colloquial expressions References are to entry numbers.

One stroke

Two strokes

一刀切 (401) 一口吃成个胖子 (258) 一山不容二虎 (149) 一个巴掌拍不响 (79) 一个将军一个令 (444) 一个萝卜一个坑 (311) 一个鼻孔出气 (229) 一马勺坏一锅 (494) 一不做，二不休 (106) 一分钱一分货 (73) 一只羊是赶，一群羊也是放 (483) 一失足成千古恨 (64) 一头雾水 (356) 一回生，二回熟 (279) 一把钥匙开一把锁 (404) 一步一个脚印 (114) 一条龙 (265) 一条路走到黑 (302) 一言堂 (490) 一亩三分地 (358) 一是一，二是二 (252) 一根绳上的蚂蚱 (282) 一瓶子不满，半瓶子晃荡 (386) 一盘散沙 (317) 一着不慎，满盘皆输 (212) 一朝天子一朝臣 (419) 一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳 (61) 一棵树上吊死 (112) 一棍子打死 (243) 一锅端 (434) 一窝蜂 (331) 一碗水端平 (276) 一锤子买卖 (398)

二 (290) 二一添作五 (448) 二百五 (6) 二虎相争，必有一伤 (349) 丁是丁，卯是卯 (425) 十万八千里 (142) 七大姑，八大姨 (251) 人不可貌相，海水不可斗量 (26) 人往高处走，水往低处流 (67) 人怕出名猪怕壮 (246) 人算不如天算 (191) 八九不离十 (122) 八字还没一撇 (119) 九牛二虎之力 (74) 刀子嘴，豆腐心 (63) 又要马儿跑，又要马儿不吃草 (440) 又想当婊子又想立牌坊 (437)

Three strokes 三十六计走为上 (86) 三十年河东，三十年河西 (223) 三下五除二 (151) 三个女人一台戏 (201) 三个和尚没水吃 (181) 三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮 (40) 三天打鱼，两天晒网 (60) 三长两短 (95) 三句话不离本行 (345) 三字经 (367) 三脚猫 (221) 干打雷，不下雨 (271) 土包子 (224)

396  Appendix two: stroke index 下三烂 (235) 下马威 (132) 下台阶 (254) 大水冲了龙王庙 (360) 大鱼吃小鱼 (351) 大树底下好乘凉 (249) 大跌眼镜 (369) 大意失荆州 (410) 万事俱备，只欠东风 (168) 万金油 (463) 上了贼船 (236) 上刀山，下火海 (145) 上梁不正下梁歪 (115) 小儿科 (78) 小不忍则乱大谋 (166) 小白脸 (183) 小动作 (192) 小巫见大巫 (104) 小姐的身子丫鬟的命 (453) 小菜一碟 (2) 小意思 (262) 小辫子 (355) 山中无老虎，猴子称大王 (247) 千里马 (326) 久病成良医 (396) 门外汉 (294) 己所不欲，勿施于人 (15) 马后炮 (158)

Four strokes 王婆卖瓜，自卖自夸 (11) 井水不犯河水 (111) 开小差 (315) 开夜车 (332) 开空白支票 (309) 开绿灯 (353) 天下乌鸦一般黑 (133) 天下没有不散的筵席 (13) 天上掉馅饼 (14) 天无绝人之路 (47) 天高皇帝远 (323) 无风不起浪 (123) 无事不登三宝殿 (157) 五十步笑百步 (293) 不入虎穴，焉得虎子 (116) 不见兔子不撒鹰 (469) 不见棺材不落泪 (94) 不分青红皂白 (54) 不成功，便成仁 (394) 不当家不知柴米贵 (342)

不到黄河心不死 (134) 不怕一万，就怕万一 (21) 不是吃素的 (188) 不是鱼死，就是网破 (303) 不是省油的灯 (125) 不看僧面看佛面 (240) 不倒翁 (270) 不管三七二十一 (23) 不管黑猫白猫，会捉老鼠就是好猫 (169) 太阳从西边出来 (3) 车到山前必有路 (82) 手心手背都是肉 (333) 牛不喝水强按头 (441) 牛头不对马嘴 (80) 长痛不如短痛 (300) 分一杯羹 (377) 公说公有理，婆说婆有理 (144) 风一阵，雨一阵 (449) 风马牛不相及 (148) 乌鸦嘴 (5) 火烧眉毛 (384) 心有余而力不足 (53) 心急吃不了热豆腐 (44) 尺有所短，寸有所长 (407) 丑话说在前头 (162) 丑媳妇早晚也得见公婆 (233) 以小人之心，度君子之腹 (81) 以牙还牙，以眼还眼 (107) 以其人之道还治其人之身 (36) 双刃剑 (176)

Five strokes 打一巴掌，给个甜枣 (405) 打小算盘 (255) 打马虎眼 (325) 打开天窗说亮话 (190) 打不着狐狸惹身骚 (475) 打水漂 (314) 打如意算盘 (238) 打肿脸充胖子 (85) 打狗还得看主人 (167) 打退堂鼓 (146) 打掉门牙往肚里咽 (375) 打酱油 (20) 打擦边球 (327) 巧妇难为无米之炊 (187) 龙生龙，凤生凤 (239) 东风压倒西风 (423) 东方不亮西方亮 (430) 占着茅坑不拉屎 (194)

旧瓶装新酒 (402) 只见树木，不见森林 (454) 只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯 (137) 四两拨千斤 (266) 生米做成熟饭 (154) 白开水 (389) 仔卖爷田不心疼 (498) 用在刀刃上 (285) 鸟枪换炮 (477) 饥不择食 (173) 半路出家 (329) 半路杀出个程咬金 (163) 头痛医头，脚痛医脚 (428) 出气筒 (121) 出头的椽子先烂 (493) 出来混的，总要还的 (408) 皮笑肉不笑 (175) 对号入座 (141) 对事不对人 (174) 母老虎 (292)

Six strokes 扣帽子 (459) 老牛拉破车 (431) 老狐狸 (330) 老油条 (260) 老皇历 (435) 老掉牙 (70) 老鸹嫌猪黑 (496) 过了这个村，就没这个店 (90) 过五关、斩六将 (372) 过河拆桥 (105) 有仇不报非君子 (269) 有心栽花花不长，无心插柳柳成荫 (118) 有奶就是娘 (414) 有其父必有其子 (93) 有钱能使鬼推磨 (92) 有眼不识泰山 (120) 有鼻子有眼 (202) 死马当活马医 (139) 死猪不怕开水烫 (196) 成也萧何，败也萧何 (359) 成事不足，败事有余 (38) 此地无银三百两 (42) 光脚的不怕穿鞋的 (393) 当一天和尚撞一天钟 (227) 当耳旁风 (87) 当面锣，对面鼓 (470) 吃一堑，长一智 (7) 吃大锅饭 (337)

Appendix two: stroke index  397 吃不了兜着走 (84) 吃不到葡萄就说葡萄酸 (43) 吃水不忘挖井人 (268) 吃闭门羹 (222) 吃豆腐 (206) 吃别人嚼过的馍不香 (473) 吃软饭 (211) 吃哑巴亏 (215) 吃香的，喝辣的 (77) 吃着碗里的，看着锅里的 (24) 岁月是把杀猪刀 (424) 肉烂在锅里 (415) 先君子后小人 (406) 会哭的孩子有奶吃 (447) 杀手锏 (172) 杀鸡给猴看 (153) 杀鸡焉用宰牛刀 (248) 众人拾柴火焰高 (209) 各打五十大板 (443) 多个朋友多条路 (253) 多年的媳妇熬成婆 (426) 多面手 (476) 冰山一角 (304) 冰冻三尺，非一日之寒 (130) 羊毛出在羊身上 (257) 关公面前耍大刀 (297) 好了伤疤忘了疼 (178) 好马不吃回头草 (1) 好汉不吃眼前亏 (50) 好戏在后头 (97) 红眼病 (343)

Seven strokes 远水解不了近渴 (193) 远来的和尚会念经 (451) 远亲不如近邻 (131) 扯后腿 (320) 走马灯 (421) 走过场 (335) 走后门 (48) 走桃花运 (37) 走着瞧 (22) 花无百日红 (422) 苍蝇不叮无缝的蛋 (368) 求爷爷、告奶奶 (373) 两面三刀 (403) 两面派 (316) 听风就是雨 (213) 吹牛皮 (98) 别人牵驴你拔橛 (497)

398  Appendix two: stroke index 乱拳打死老师傅 (491) 乱弹琴 (361) 你走你的阳关道，我过我的独木桥 (89) 身在曹营心在汉 (230) 身体是革命的本钱 (305) 近水楼台先得月 (103) 近朱者赤，近墨者黑 (9) 坐山观虎斗 (256) 坐冷板凳 (341) 这山望着那山高 (392) 没有不透风的墙 (245) 快刀斩乱麻 (210) 初生牛犊不怕虎 (155) 识时务者为俊杰 (110) 君子之交淡如水 (180) 屁股决定脑袋 (455) 陈芝麻、烂谷子 (264) 鸡飞狗跳 (272) 鸡飞蛋打 (286) 鸡毛蒜皮 (28) 鸡同鸭讲 (433) 鸡蛋里挑骨头 (83) 纸包不住火 (96) 纸老虎 (160)

Eight strokes 拔出萝卜带出泥 (460) 拔根汗毛比腰粗 (467) 拣软柿子捏 (324) 拍马屁 (18) 拆东墙，补西墙 (350) 抱大腿 (445) 抱佛脚 (91) 拉不出屎来怨茅房 (429) 英雄难过美人关 (62) 林子大了，什么鸟都有 (27) 板上钉钉 (275) 枪打出头鸟 (203) 枕边风 (397) 画虎不成反类犬 (409) 事后诸葛亮 (273) 卖关子 (72) 到什么山唱什么歌 (466) 虎毒不食子 (165) 明枪易躲，暗箭难防 (199) 物以稀为贵 (10) 和稀泥 (318) 依葫芦画瓢 (185) 舍不得孩子套不住狼 (217) 肥水不流外人田 (52)

鱼与熊掌不可得兼 (280) 兔子不吃窝边草 (128) 兔子尾巴长不了 (456) 狐狸尾巴露出来了 (352) 狐狸精 (161) 狗改不了吃屎 (171) 狗咬狗 (312) 狗急了跳墙 (135) 狗眼看人低 (136) 狗腿子 (284) 狗嘴里吐不出象牙 (59) 饱汉不知饿汉饥 (288) 变色龙 (378) 放卫星 (432) 放长线，钓大鱼 (184) 放鸽子 (113) 炒冷饭 (482) 炒鱿鱼 (66) 浅水养不了大鱼 (472) 泼冷水 (152) 空手套白狼 (385) 试金石 (383) 虱子多了不咬，账多了不愁 (484) 终日打雁，让雁啄了眼 (495) 绊脚石 (371)

Nine strokes 挂羊头、卖狗肉 (218) 指着和尚骂秃子 (487) 挤牙膏 (362) 按下葫芦起了瓢 (465) 树大招风 (225) 树挪死，人挪活 (464) 树倒猢狲散 (347) 树欲静而风不止 (232) 咸鱼翻身 (281) 歪瓜裂枣 (354) 耍花枪 (439) 背着抱着一般沉 (489) 背黑锅 (127) 是骡子是马拉出来遛遛 (228) 蚂蚱也是肉 (488) 咬人的狗不露齿 (481) 哪壶不开提哪壶 (65) 卸磨杀驴 (411) 种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆 (57) 秋后算账 (339) 保护伞 (310) 皇上不急太监急 (39) 皇帝女儿不愁嫁 (418)

胜者王侯败者贼 (234) 独木不成林 (379) 姜是老的辣 (33) 前人栽树，后人乘凉 (295) 前怕狼，后怕虎 (267) 烂泥扶不上墙 (296) 剃头挑子一头热 (450) 活人让尿憋死 (420) 恨铁不成钢 (88) 穿小鞋 (321) 说一千，道一万 (370) 说风凉话 (306) 说你胖你就喘 (416) 说曹操，曹操到 (4) 说得比唱得好听 (68) 既生瑜，何生亮？ (380) 屋漏偏逢连阴雨 (259) 眉毛胡子一把抓 (207) 给力 (291) 给个棒槌就当针 (479) 给他一点颜色看看 (322)

Ten strokes 赶鸭子上架 (182) 起大早，赶晚集 (474) 换汤不换药 (197) 热脸贴冷屁股 (177) 捅马蜂窝 (261) 捅破窗户纸 (366) 莫须有 (364) 真金不怕火炼 (170) 砸了锅 (446) 破罐子破摔 (56) 紧箍咒 (307) 钻牛角尖 (25) 铁公鸡 (156) 铁饭碗 (129) 笑面虎 (289) 笑掉大牙 (278) 借东风 (388) 倒打一耙 (263) 拿鸡毛当令箭 (365) 拿鸡蛋碰石头 (244) 拿得起，放得下 (35) 胳膊扭不过大腿 (287) 胳膊肘往外扭 (299) 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧 (34) 高不成，低不就 (298) 病急乱投医 (237) 站着说话不腰疼 (12)

Appendix two: stroke index  399 酒香不怕巷子深 (301) 酒逢知己千杯少 (226) 烫手的山芋 (277) 家丑不可外扬 (126) 家花没有野花香 (436) 家家有本难念的经 (100) 家常便饭 (45)

Eleven strokes 捧臭脚 (480) 掉链子 (159) 接地气 (500) 萝卜白菜，各有所爱 (58) 萝卜快了不洗泥 (499) 救命稻草 (198) 常在河边走，哪有不湿鞋 (220) 睁一只眼，闭一只眼 (55) 睁眼瞎 (16) 睁着眼睛说瞎话 (8) 眼大肚子小 (471) 眼不见为净 (32) 眼中钉、肉中刺 (216) 眼里揉不得沙子 (150) 唱双簧 (308) 唱对台戏 (376) 唱空城计 (400) 唱高调 (313) 做文章 (336) 偷鸡不成反蚀把米 (208) 偷鸡摸狗 (138) 得便宜卖乖 (124) 欲速则不达 (99) 脚正不怕鞋歪 (413) 脚踩两只船 (41) 脸红脖子粗 (242) 脱了裤子放屁 (387) 麻雀虽小，五脏俱全 (164) 阎王好见，小鬼难搪 (468) 鸿门宴 (214) 情人眼里出西施 (19) 谋事在人，成事在天 (200) 骑马找马 (457) 骑脖子拉屎 (486) 绿帽子 (109)

Twelve strokes 替罪羊 (102) 揪辫子 (452) 煮熟的鸭子飞了 (219)

400  Appendix two: stroke index 葫芦里卖的是什么药 (344) 敬酒不吃吃罚酒 (75) 落水狗 (274) 硬骨头 (348) 跑了和尚跑不了庙 (108) 跑龙套 (250) 赔了夫人又折兵 (117) 矬子里拔将军 (478) 猴年马月 (31) 羡慕嫉妒恨 (374) 温水煮青蛙 (462) 强龙压不住地头蛇 (391) 强扭的瓜不甜 (69) 强将手下无弱兵 (427) 隔行如隔山 (357) 隔墙有耳 (186)

Thirteen strokes 摸着石头过河 (328) 摆乌龙 (442) 搬起石头砸自己的脚 (71) 碰一鼻子灰 (195) 碰钉子 (204) 雷声大、雨点小 (241) 跳进黄河洗不清 (17) 躲得过初一，躲不过十五 (76) 解铃还须系铃人 (51) 新官上任三把火 (140) 满嘴跑火车 (461) 滚刀肉 (395) 嫁鸡随鸡，嫁狗随狗 (189)

Fourteen strokes 墙头草 (101) 墙倒众人推 (363) 撂挑子 (381) 僧多粥少 (340) 鲜花插在牛粪上 (29)

敲门砖 (382) 敲竹杠 (319) 敲锣边儿 (458) 遮羞布 (438) 瘦死的骆驼比马大 (231) 端起碗来吃肉，放下筷子骂娘 (492) 缩头乌龟 (334)

Fifteen strokes 趟浑水 (283) 横挑鼻子竖挑眼 (399) 醋坛子 (179) 醉翁之意不在酒 (30) 瞎猫碰上死耗子 (49) 躺着都中枪 (412) 鲤鱼跳龙门 (390)

Sixteen strokes 磨刀不误砍柴工 (147) 糖衣炮弹 (346)

Seventeen strokes 戴高帽 (338) 擦屁股 (417)

Eighteen strokes 癞蛤蟆想吃天鹅肉 (46)

Nineteen strokes 攒鸡毛，凑掸子 (485) 蹬鼻子上脸 (205)

Twenty-one strokes 露马脚 (143)

Appendix three: Chinese word index of 500 common Chinese proverbs and colloquial expressions References are to entry numbers. 矮：矬子里拔将军 (478) 爱：萝卜白菜，各有所爱 (58) 爱情：脚踩两只船 (41) 按下：牛不喝水强按头 (441)；按下葫芦 起了瓢 (465) 按照：依葫芦画瓢 (185) 暗地：明枪易躲，暗箭难防 (199) 熬：多年的媳妇熬成婆 (426) 熬夜：开夜车 (332) 八：八九不离十 (122)；八字还没一撇 (119) 巴掌：一个巴掌拍不响 (79)；打一巴掌， 给个甜枣 (405) 拔：拔出萝卜带出泥 (460)；拔根汗毛比腰粗 (467)；矬子里拔将军 (478)；别人牵驴 你拔橛 (497) 拔除：眼中钉、肉中刺 (216) 把柄：小辫子 (355)；揪辫子 (452) 罢工：撂挑子 (381) 霸道：只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯 (137) 白菜：萝卜白菜，各有所爱 (58) 白开水：白开水 (389) 白脸：小白脸 (183) 百日：花无百日红 (422) 百姓：只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯 (137)； 接地气 (500) 摆乌龙：摆乌龙 (442) 败者：胜者王侯败者贼 (234) 搬：搬起石头砸自己的脚 (71) 板凳：坐冷板凳 (341) 板子：各打五十大板 (443)；板上钉钉 (275) 半：一瓶子不满，半瓶子晃荡 (386) 半路：半路出家 (329)；半路杀出个程咬金 (163)

绊：绊脚石 (371) 绊脚石：绊脚石 (371) 帮凶：狗腿子 (284) 帮助：多个朋友多条路 (253)；远亲不如近邻 (131)；借东风 (388) 榜样：上梁不正下梁歪 (115)；杀鸡给猴看 (153) 棒槌：给个棒槌就当针 (479) 包：纸包不住火 (96) 包庇：纸包不住火 (96) 包子：土包子 (224) 保护：大树底下好乘凉 (249)；保护伞 (310) 保护伞：保护伞 (310) 报恩：过河拆桥 (105) 报复：以牙还牙，以眼还眼 (107)；有仇不报 非君子 (269) 报应：出来混的，总要还的 (408) 抱：抱大腿 (445)；抱佛脚 (91)；背着抱着 一般沉 (489) 抱大腿：抱大腿 (445) 抱佛脚：抱佛脚 (91) 抱怨：会哭的孩子有奶吃 (447) 暴露：此地无银三百两 (42)；露马脚 (143) 杯：酒逢知己千杯少 (226) 背：背着抱着一般沉 (489)；背黑锅 (127) 背黑锅：背黑锅 (127) 背后：小动作 (192) 被：一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳 (61)； 终日打雁，让雁啄了眼 (495) 被逼：狗急了跳墙 (135) 本行：三句话不离本行 (345) 本钱：留得青山在，不怕没柴烧 (34)；身体 是革命的本钱 (305) 本人：对事不对人 (174)

402  Appendix three: Chinese word index 本事：是骡子是马拉出来遛遛 (228) 本质：狐狸尾巴露出来了 (352)；背着抱着 一般沉 (489)；是骡子是马拉出来遛遛 (228)；睁眼瞎 (16) 笨蛋：二百五 (6) 鼻孔：一个鼻孔出气 (229) 鼻子：一个鼻孔出气 (229)；有鼻子有眼 (202)；碰一鼻子灰 (195)；横挑鼻子竖挑眼 (399)；蹬鼻子上脸 (205) 比：拔根汗毛比腰粗 (467)；说得比唱得好听 (68)；瘦死的骆驼比马大 (231) 必：二虎相争，必有一伤 (349) 必定：车到山前必有路 (82)；有其父必有 其子 (93) 必输：拿鸡蛋碰石头 (244) 闭：睁一只眼，闭一只眼 (55) 闭门：吃闭门羹 (222) 庇护：保护伞 (310) 边：敲锣边儿 (458) 变成：一口吃成个胖子 (258) 变化：人算不如天算 (191)；三十年河东， 三十年河西 (223) 变老：岁月是把杀猪刀 (424) 变色龙：变色龙 (378) 变通：一棵树上吊死 (112)；东方不亮西方亮 (430)；活人让尿憋死 (420) 便：不成功，便成仁 (394) 便饭：家常便饭 (45) 辫子：小辫子 (355)；揪辫子 (452) 表达：挤牙膏 (362) 表面：冰山一角 (304) 表象：纸老虎 (160) 婊子：又想当婊子又想立牌坊 (437) 憋死：活人让尿憋死 (420) 别人：己所不欲，勿施于人 (15)；吃别人 嚼过的馍不香 (473)；别人牵驴你拔橛 (497) 冰：冰冻三尺，非一日之寒 (130) 冰冻：冰冻三尺，非一日之寒 (130) 冰山：冰山一角 (304) 兵：赔了夫人又折兵 (117)；强将手下无弱兵 (427) 病：久病成良医 (396)；红眼病 (343)；病急 乱投医 (237) 拨动：四两拨千斤 (266) 脖子：脸红脖子粗 (242)；骑脖子拉屎 (486) 补：拆东墙，补西墙 (350) 补偿：打一巴掌，给个甜枣 (405) 不：一个巴掌拍不响 (79)；八九不离十 (122)；又要马儿跑，又要马儿不吃草 (440)；三句话不离本行 (345)；干打雷， 不下雨 (271)；不入虎穴，焉得虎子 (116)；

不见兔子不撒鹰 (469)；不见棺材不落泪 (94)；不分青红皂白 (54)；不成功，便成仁 (394)；不当家不知柴米贵 (342)；不到黄河 心不死 (134)；不怕一万，就怕万一 (21)； 不看僧面看佛面 (240)；牛不喝水强按头 (441)；牛头不对马嘴 (80)；风马牛不相及 (148)；心急吃不了热豆腐 (44)；打不着 狐狸惹身骚 (475)；占着茅坑不拉屎 (194)； 只见树木，不见森林 (454)；只许州官放火， 不许百姓点灯 (137)；仔卖爷田不心疼 (498)；饥不择食 (173)；对事不对人 (174)； 有仇不报非君子 (269)；有心栽花花不长， 无心插柳柳成荫 (118)；有眼不识泰山 (120)；死猪不怕开水烫 (196)；光脚的不怕 穿鞋的 (393)；吃不到葡萄就说葡萄酸 (43)；吃水不忘挖井人 (268)；吃别人嚼过 的馍不香 (473)；好马不吃回头草 (1)； 好汉不吃眼前亏 (50)；远亲不如近邻 (131)； 苍蝇不叮无缝的蛋 (368)；没有不透风的墙 (245)；初生牛犊不怕虎 (155)；纸包不住火 (96)；虎毒不食子 (165)；舍不得孩子套 不住狼 (217)；肥水不流外人田 (52)；兔子 不吃窝边草 (128)；饱汉不知饿汉饥 (288)； 虱子多了不咬，账多了不愁 (484)；树欲静 而风不止 (232)；咬人的狗不露齿 (481)； 皇上不急太监急 (39)；皇帝女儿不愁嫁 (418)；独木不成林 (379)；烂泥扶不上墙 (296)；恨铁不成钢 (88)；换汤不换药 (197)；真金不怕火炼 (170)；胳膊扭不过 大腿 (287)；留得青山在，不怕没柴烧 (34)； 高不成，低不就 (298)；站着说话不腰疼 (12)；酒香不怕巷子深 (301)；家丑不可外 扬 (126)；萝卜快了不洗泥 (499)；常在 河边走，哪有不湿鞋 (220)；眼不见为净 (32)；眼里揉不得沙子 (150)；偷鸡不成反 蚀把米 (208)；欲速则不达 (99)；脚正不怕 鞋歪 (413)；敬酒不吃吃罚酒 (75)；跑了 和尚跑不了庙 (108)；强龙压不住地头蛇 (391)；强扭的瓜不甜 (69)；醉翁之意不 在酒 (30)；磨刀不误砍柴工 (147) 不成：画虎不成反类犬 (409)；偷鸡不成反 蚀把米 (208) 不倒翁：不倒翁 (270) 不定：风一阵，雨一阵 (449) 不断：按下葫芦起了瓢 (465) 不感激：端起碗来吃肉，放下筷子骂娘 (492) 不公正：各打五十大板 (443) 不关心：打酱油 (20) 不管：不分青红皂白 (54)；不管三七二十一 (23)；不管黑猫白猫，会捉老鼠就是好猫 (169)



Appendix three: Chinese word index  403

不见：眼不见为净 (32) 不开：哪壶不开提哪壶 (65) 不可：人不可貌相，海水不可斗量 (26)； 鱼与熊掌不可得兼 (280)；家丑不可外扬 (126) 不可能：太阳从西边出来 (3) 不了：吃不了兜着走 (84)；兔子尾巴长不了 (456)；狗改不了吃屎 (171)；浅水养不了 大鱼 (472)；跑了和尚跑不了庙 (108)； 躲得过初一，躲不过十五 (76) 不灵活：钻牛角尖 (25) 不怕：不怕一万，就怕万一 (21)；初生牛犊 不怕虎 (155)；真金不怕火炼 (170)；留得 青山在，不怕没柴烧 (34)；酒香不怕 巷子深 (301)；脚正不怕鞋歪 (413) 不如：远亲不如近邻 (131)；家花没有野花香 (436) 不是：不是吃素的 (188)；不是鱼死，就是 网破 (303)；不是省油的灯 (125) 不嫌弃：蚂蚱也是肉 (488) 不相干：你走你的阳关道，我过我的独木桥 (89) 不相关：打酱油 (20) 不要：一不做，二不休 (106)；己所不欲， 勿施于人 (15) 不再：过了这个村，就没这个店 (90) 不在：醉翁之意不在酒 (30) 不在意：当耳旁风 (87) 不正当：走后门 (48) 不知：饱汉不知饿汉饥 (288) 不自量力：拿鸡蛋碰石头 (244) 不自责：拉不出屎来怨茅房 (429) 不自知：癞蛤蟆想吃天鹅肉 (46) 不足：心有余而力不足 (53)；成事不足， 败事有余 (38) 布：遮羞布 (438) 步：一步一个脚印 (114)；五十步笑百步 (293) 擦：擦屁股 (417) 擦边：打擦边球 (327) 擦屁股：擦屁股 (417) 猜不透：葫芦里卖的是什么药 (344) 财力：拔根汗毛比腰粗 (467) 踩：脚踩两只船 (41) 残忍：虎毒不食子 (165) 惨重：赔了夫人又折兵 (117) 苍蝇：苍蝇不叮无缝的蛋 (368) 操心：皇上不急太监急 (39) 曹操：身在曹营心在汉 (230)；说曹操， 曹操到 (4)

草：好马不吃回头草 (1)；兔子不吃窝边草 (128)；墙头草 (101) 测量：人不可貌相，海水不可斗量 (26) 测验：试金石 (383) 插：鲜花插在牛粪上 (29) 插柳：有心栽花花不长，无心插柳柳成荫 (118) 差不多：八九不离十 (122) 差距：八字还没一撇 (119)；小巫见大巫 (104) 拆：拆东墙，补西墙 (350) 拆解：拆东墙，补西墙 (350) 拆桥：过河拆桥 (105) 柴：留得青山在，不怕没柴烧 (34)； 磨刀不误砍柴工 (147) 柴火：众人拾柴火焰高 (209) 柴米：不当家不知柴米贵 (342) 掺和：趟浑水 (283) 谄媚：捧臭脚 (480) 长：尺有所短，寸有所长 (407)；兔子尾巴 长不了 (456) 长…短…：长痛不如短痛 (300)；三长两短 (95) 长线：放长线，钓大鱼 (184) 常常：常在河边走，哪有不湿鞋 (220) 常年：终日打雁，让雁啄了眼 (495) 畅销：萝卜快了不洗泥 (499) 唱：说得比唱得好听 (68)；唱双簧 (308)； 唱对台戏 (376)；唱空城计 (400)；唱高调 (313) 唱高调：唱高调 (313) 唱歌：到什么山唱什么歌 (466) 唱双簧：唱双簧 (308) 唱戏：唱对台戏 (376) 朝：一朝天子一朝臣 (419) 朝代：一朝天子一朝臣 (419) 嘲笑：笑掉大牙 (278) 炒：炒冷饭 (482)；炒鱿鱼 (66) 炒饭：炒冷饭 (482) 炒冷饭：炒冷饭 (482) 炒鱿鱼：炒鱿鱼 (66) 车：车到山前必有路 (82)；老牛拉破车 (431) 扯：扯后腿 (320) 扯后腿：扯后腿 (320) 臣：一朝天子一朝臣 (419) 沉：背着抱着一般沉 (489) 陈旧：老掉牙 (70)；陈芝麻、烂谷子 (264)； 炒冷饭 (482) 成…败…：成也萧何，败也萧何 (359)； 成事不足，败事有余 (38)；胜者王侯败者 贼 (234)

404  Appendix three: Chinese word index 成功：不成功，便成仁 (394)；成也萧何， 败也萧何 (359)；成事不足，败事有余 (38)； 高不成，低不就 (298)；谋事在人，成事 在天 (200) 成仁：不成功，便成仁 (394) 乘凉：大树底下好乘凉 (249)；前人栽树， 后人乘凉 (295) 程咬金：半路杀出个程咬金 (163) 惩罚：打一巴掌，给个甜枣 (405)；各打五十 大板 (443) 吃：一口吃成个胖子 (258)；大鱼吃小鱼 (351)；心急吃不了热豆腐 (44)；吃一堑， 长一智 (7)；吃大锅饭 (337)；吃不了兜着 走 (84)；吃不到葡萄就说葡萄酸 (43)； 吃水不忘挖井人 (268)；吃闭门羹 (222)； 吃豆腐 (206)；吃别人嚼过的馍不香 (473)； 吃软饭 (211)；吃哑巴亏 (215)；吃香的， 喝辣的 (77)；吃着碗里的，看着锅里的 (24)；会哭的孩子有奶吃 (447)；好马不吃 回头草 (1)；好汉不吃眼前亏 (50)；虎毒不 食子 (165)；兔子不吃窝边草 (128)； 狗改不了吃屎 (171)；敬酒不吃吃罚酒 (75)； 端起碗来吃肉，放下筷子骂娘 (492)； 癞蛤蟆想吃天鹅肉 (46) 吃…喝…：吃香的，喝辣的 (77) 吃草：又要马儿跑，又要马儿不吃草 (440) 吃豆腐：吃豆腐 (206) 吃饭：吃大锅饭 (337)；吃软饭 (211) 吃亏：偷鸡不成反蚀把米 (208)；吃哑巴亏 (215)；好汉不吃眼前亏 (50) 吃肉：端起碗来吃肉，放下筷子骂娘 (492) 吃软饭：吃软饭 (211) 吃屎：狗改不了吃屎 (171) 吃水：三个和尚没水吃 (181)；吃水不忘 挖井人 (268) 吃素：不是吃素的 (188) 尺…寸…：尺有所短，寸有所长 (407) 齿：咬人的狗不露齿 (481) 赤：近朱者赤，近墨者黑 (9) 冲：大水冲了龙王庙 (360) 仇：有仇不报非君子 (269) 愁：虱子多了不咬，账多了不愁 (484) 丑：丑话说在前头 (162)；丑媳妇早晚也得见 公婆 (233) 丑陋：歪瓜裂枣 (354) 丑事：家丑不可外扬 (126) 臭：捧臭脚 (480) 出丑：摆乌龙 (442) 出家：半路出家 (329) 出来：出来混的，总要还的 (408) 出名：人怕出名猪怕壮 (246)

出气：一个鼻孔出气 (229)；出气筒 (121) 出气筒：出气筒 (121) 出生：既生瑜，何生亮？ (380) 出头：出头的椽子先烂 (493)；枪打出头鸟 (203) 出自：羊毛出在羊身上 (257) 初生：初生牛犊不怕虎 (155) 初始：下马威 (132) 初一…十五…：躲得过初一，躲不过十五 (76) 除掉：一锅端 (434) 处理：烫手的山芋 (277)；擦屁股 (417) 穿：穿小鞋 (321) 穿小鞋：穿小鞋 (321) 穿鞋：光脚的不怕穿鞋的 (393) 船：上了贼船 (236)；脚踩两只船 (41) 椽子：出头的椽子先烂 (493) 喘：说你胖你就喘 (416) 窗户：捅破窗户纸 (366) 窗户纸：捅破窗户纸 (366) 闯荡：出来混的，总要还的 (408) 吹牛：放卫星 (432)；吹牛皮 (98) 吹牛皮：吹牛皮 (98) 吹捧：戴高帽 (338) 吹嘘：吹牛皮 (98) 锤子：一锤子买卖 (398) 刺：眼中钉、肉中刺 (216) 凑：攒鸡毛，凑掸子 (485) 粗：拔根汗毛比腰粗 (467)；脸红脖子粗 (242) 醋：醋坛子 (179) 醋坛子：醋坛子 (179) 村子：过了这个村，就没这个店 (90) 存心：哪壶不开提哪壶 (65) 忖度：以小人之心，度君子之腹 (81) 矬子：矬子里拔将军 (478) 达：欲速则不达 (99) 打：一棍子打死 (243)；打一巴掌，给个甜枣 (405)；打小算盘 (255)；打马虎眼 (325)； 打不着狐狸惹身骚 (475)；打水漂 (314)； 打如意算盘 (238)；打狗还得看主人 (167)； 打退堂鼓 (146)；打酱油 (20)；打擦边球 (327)；各打五十大板 (443)；枪打出头鸟 (203)；终日打雁，让雁啄了眼 (495)； 倒打一耙 (263) 打掉：打掉门牙往肚里咽 (375) 打击：出头的椽子先烂 (493)；泼冷水 (152)； 枪打出头鸟 (203) 打酱油：打酱油 (20) 打劫：一锤子买卖 (398)；敲竹杠 (319)



Appendix three: Chinese word index  405

打开：打开天窗说亮话 (190) 打雷：干打雷，不下雨 (271) 打乱：小不忍则乱大谋 (166) 打破：鸡飞蛋打 (286) 打扰：无事不登三宝殿 (157) 打水漂：打水漂 (314) 打死：一棍子打死 (243)；乱拳打死老师傅 (491) 打鱼：三天打鱼，两天晒网 (60) 打肿：打肿脸充胖子 (85) 大：林子大了，什么鸟都有 (27)；树大招风 (225)；起大早，赶晚集 (474)；眼大肚子小 (471)；雷声大、雨点小 (241)；瘦死的骆驼 比马大 (231) 大…小…：眼大肚子小 (471) 大本营：跑了和尚跑不了庙 (108) 大臣：一朝天子一朝臣 (419) 大大地：大跌眼镜 (369) 大刀：关公面前耍大刀 (297) 大水：大水冲了龙王庙 (360) 大头：放长线，钓大鱼 (184) 大腿：抱大腿 (445)；胳膊扭不过大腿 (287) 大王：山中无老虎，猴子称大王 (247) 大牙：笑掉大牙 (278) 大意：大意失荆州 (410) 大鱼：放长线，钓大鱼 (184)；浅水养不了 大鱼 (472) 代价：舍不得孩子套不住狼 (217) 代替：替罪羊 (102) 带：拔出萝卜带出泥 (460) 带头：出头的椽子先烂 (493) 戴：戴高帽 (338) 戴高帽：戴高帽 (338) 单方：一个巴掌拍不响 (79)；剃头挑子 一头热 (450) 单相思：剃头挑子一头热 (450) 单向：热脸贴冷屁股 (177) 耽误：磨刀不误砍柴工 (147) 胆小：缩头乌龟 (334) 掸子：攒鸡毛，凑掸子 (485) 淡：君子之交淡如水 (180) 弹琴：乱弹琴 (361) 蛋：苍蝇不叮无缝的蛋 (368)；鸡飞蛋打 (286) 当：当一天和尚撞一天钟 (227)； 当耳旁风 (87)；拿鸡毛当令箭 (365) 当家：不当家不知柴米贵 (342) 当面：当面锣，对面鼓 (470) 当事者：解铃还须系铃人 (51) 当真：给个棒槌就当针 (479) 当作：死马当活马医 (139)

刀：一刀切 (401)；岁月是把杀猪刀 (424)； 杀鸡焉用宰牛刀 (248)；关公面前耍大刀 (297)；两面三刀 (403)；快刀斩乱麻 (210)； 磨刀不误砍柴工 (147) 刀刃：用在刀刃上 (285) 刀山：上刀山，下火海 (145) 刀子：一刀切 (401)；刀子嘴，豆腐心 (63) 捣乱：和稀泥 (318) 倒：树倒猢狲散 (347)；倒打一耙 (263)； 墙倒众人推 (363) 倒霉：屋漏偏逢连阴雨 (259)；躺着都中枪 (412) 倒向：墙头草 (101) 到：说曹操，曹操到 (4) 到手：煮熟的鸭子飞了 (219) 道：以其人之道还治其人之身 (36) 道理：公说公有理，婆说婆有理 (144) 道路：天无绝人之路 (47) 稻草：救命稻草 (198) 得：打狗还得看主人 (167)；得便宜卖乖 (124) 得尺进尺：蹬鼻子上脸 (205) 得到：近水楼台先得月 (103)；鱼与熊掌不可 得兼 (280)；种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆 (57) 灯：只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯 (137)； 走马灯 (421) 蹬：蹬鼻子上脸 (205) 低：狗眼看人低 (136)；高不成，低不就 (298) 低处：人往高处走，水往低处流 (67) 敌意：当面锣，对面鼓 (470) 底下：大树底下好乘凉 (249) 地：一亩三分地 (358)；接地气 (500) 地方：此地无银三百两 (42) 地方势力：强龙压不住地头蛇 (391) 地盘：一亩三分地 (358) 地气：接地气 (500) 地头蛇：强龙压不住地头蛇 (391) 地位：多年的媳妇熬成婆 (426)；屁股决定 脑袋 (455) 地域：近水楼台先得月 (103) 点灯：只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯 (137) 店铺：过了这个村，就没这个店 (90) 吊死：一棵树上吊死 (112) 钓鱼：放长线，钓大鱼 (184) 掉：天上掉馅饼 (14)；掉链子 (159) 掉链子：掉链子 (159) 掉牙：老掉牙 (70) 跌落：大跌眼镜 (369) 丁：丁是丁，卯是卯 (425) 叮：苍蝇不叮无缝的蛋 (368)

406  Appendix three: Chinese word index 顶：三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮 (40) 钉：板上钉钉 (275)；眼中钉、肉中刺 (216)； 丁是丁，卯是卯 (425) 钉子：板上钉钉 (275)；碰钉子 (204) 丢失：大意失荆州 (410) 东…西…：东风压倒西风 (423)；东方不亮 西方亮 (430)；拆东墙，补西墙 (350) 东方：东方不亮西方亮 (430) 东风：万事俱备，只欠东风 (168)；东风压倒 西风 (423)；借东风 (388) 动作：小动作 (192) 兜：吃不了兜着走 (84) 斗：人不可貌相，海水不可斗量 (26)；坐山 观虎斗 (256) 豆：种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆 (57) 豆腐：刀子嘴，豆腐心 (63)；心急吃不了 热豆腐 (44)；吃豆腐 (206) 毒：虎毒不食子 (165) 独：独木不成林 (379) 独断：一言堂 (490) 独木桥：你走你的阳关道，我过我的独木桥 (89) 肚子：打掉门牙往肚里咽 (375)；眼大肚子小 (471) 妒嫉：人怕出名猪怕壮 (246)；醋坛子 (179) 端掉：一锅端 (434) 端平：一碗水端平 (276) 端起：端起碗来吃肉，放下筷子骂娘 (492) 短：尺有所短，寸有所长 (407) 对：对事不对人 (174) 对待：以牙还牙，以眼还眼 (107)；以其人 之道还治其人之身 (36) 对付：阎王好见，小鬼难搪 (468) 对面：当面锣，对面鼓 (470) 对台戏：唱对台戏 (376) 对外：家丑不可外扬 (126) 对应：牛头不对马嘴 (80)；对号入座 (141) 多：多个朋友多条路 (253)；多年的媳妇熬成 婆 (426)；多面手 (476)；虱子多了不咬， 账多了不愁 (484)；僧多粥少 (340) 多面手：多面手 (476)；万金油 (463) …多…少：僧多粥少 (340) 多余：脱了裤子放屁 (387) 躲：躲得过初一，躲不过十五 (76) 躲避：明枪易躲，暗箭难防 (199)；躲得过 初一，躲不过十五 (76)；跑了和尚跑不了 庙 (108) 恶人：狗咬狗 (312) 恶习：狗改不了吃屎 (171) 恶语：狗嘴里吐不出象牙 (59)

饿：饱汉不知饿汉饥 (288) 儿子：有其父必有其子 (93) 耳：隔墙有耳 (186) 耳朵：当耳旁风 (87) 二：一回生，二回熟 (279)；一是一， 二是二 (252)；二 (290)；二虎相争， 必有一伤 (349)；九牛二虎之力 (74) 二百五：二百五 (6) 发愁：皇帝女儿不愁嫁 (418)；家家有本难念 的经 (100) 发展：兔子尾巴长不了 (456) 乏味：老掉牙 (70) 罚酒：敬酒不吃吃罚酒 (75) 翻身：咸鱼翻身 (281) 烦恼：眼不见为净 (32) 反倒：画虎不成反类犬 (409)；倒打一耙 (263)；偷鸡不成反蚀把米 (208) 饭：巧妇难为无米之炊 (187)；生米做成熟饭 (154)；吃软饭 (211)；炒冷饭 (482)； 家常便饭 (45) 饭碗：铁饭碗 (129) 方便：远亲不如近邻 (131) 方面：多面手 (476) 方式：以其人之道还治其人之身 (36) 防备：温水煮青蛙 (462) 妨碍：绊脚石 (371) 房梁：上梁不正下梁歪 (115) 放：一只羊是赶，一群羊也是放 (483)； 放卫星 (432)；放长线，钓大鱼 (184)； 放鸽子 (113)；拿得起，放得下 (35) 放鸽子：放鸽子 (113) 放火：只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯 (137) 放屁：脱了裤子放屁 (387) 放卫星：放卫星 (432) 放下：拿得起，放得下 (35)；端起碗来吃 肉，放下筷子骂娘 (492)；撂挑子 (381) 放羊：一只羊是赶，一群羊也是放 (483) 飞：鸡飞狗跳 (272)；鸡飞蛋打 (286)； 煮熟的鸭子飞了 (219) 飞黄腾达：鲤鱼跳龙门 (390) 非：有仇不报非君子 (269)；冰冻三尺， 非一日之寒 (130) 肥水：肥水不流外人田 (52) 费力：九牛二虎之力 (74) 分：一亩三分地 (358) 分不清：眉毛胡子一把抓 (207) 分配：吃大锅饭 (337)；僧多粥少 (340) 分散：一盘散沙 (317) 分手：天下没有不散的筵席 (13) 分享：分一杯羹 (377)



Appendix three: Chinese word index  407

粪：鲜花插在牛粪上 (29) 风：风马牛不相及 (148)；东风压倒西风 (423)；当耳旁风 (87)；听风就是雨 (213)； 枕边风 (397)；树大招风 (225)；树欲静而 风不止 (232)；借东风 (388) 风…雨…：风一阵，雨一阵 (449)； 听风就是雨 (213) 风浪：无风不起浪 (123) 风凉话：说风凉话 (306)；站着说话不腰疼 (12) 风头：枪打出头鸟 (203) 蜂：一窝蜂 (331) 蜂拥：一窝蜂 (331) 逢：屋漏偏逢连阴雨 (259)；酒逢知己千杯少 (226) 缝隙：苍蝇不叮无缝的蛋 (368) 凤：龙生龙，凤生凤 (239) 佛：不看僧面看佛面 (240)；抱佛脚 (91) 夫人：赔了夫人又折兵 (117) 敷衍：当一天和尚撞一天钟 (227) 扶：烂泥扶不上墙 (296) 扶助：烂泥扶不上墙 (296) 腐烂：出头的椽子先烂 (493)；陈芝麻、 烂谷子 (264) 腐蚀：糖衣炮弹 (346) 父…子…：有其父必有其子 (93) 父亲：有其父必有其子 (93) 付出：又要马儿跑，又要马儿不吃草 (440)； 空手套白狼 (385)；站着说话不腰疼 (12) 复活：咸鱼翻身 (281) 复兴：咸鱼翻身 (281) 富余：心有余而力不足 (53) 腹：以小人之心，度君子之腹 (81) 改：狗改不了吃屎 (171) 改变：一条路走到黑 (302)；树挪死，人挪活 (464) 尴尬：哪壶不开提哪壶 (65) 赶：一只羊是赶，一群羊也是放 (483)； 赶鸭子上架 (182) 赶集：起大早，赶晚集 (474) 感恩：吃水不忘挖井人 (268) 感染：近朱者赤，近墨者黑 (9) 干涉：你走你的阳关道，我过我的独木桥 (89) 钢：恨铁不成钢 (88) 杠：敲竹杠 (319) 高：众人拾柴火焰高 (209)；这山望着那山高 (392)；戴高帽 (338) 高…低…：高不成，低不就 (298) 高潮：好戏在后头 (97)

高处：人往高处走，水往低处流 (67) 高调：唱高调 (313) 搞砸：砸了锅 (446) 告：求爷爷、告奶奶 (373) 胳膊：胳膊扭不过大腿 (287)；胳膊肘往外扭 (299) 胳膊肘：胳膊肘往外扭 (299) 鸽子：放鸽子 (113) 歌：到什么山唱什么歌 (466) 革命：身体是革命的本钱 (305) 隔：隔行如隔山 (357)；隔墙有耳 (186) 隔行：隔行如隔山 (357) 个人：对事不对人 (174) 各：各打五十大板 (443) 各自：公说公有理，婆说婆有理 (144) 给：打一巴掌，给个甜枣 (405)；给个棒槌 就当针 (479) 给力：给力 (291) 根据：对号入座 (141) 根植：接地气 (500) 羹：分一杯羹 (377)；吃闭门羹 (222) 更替：一朝天子一朝臣 (419)；走马灯 (421) 工夫：磨刀不误砍柴工 (147) 公…婆…：公说公有理，婆说婆有理 (144) 公鸡：铁公鸡 (156) 公开：当面锣，对面鼓 (470) 公婆：丑媳妇早晚也得见公婆 (233) 公正：一碗水端平 (276) 攻击：倒打一耙 (263) 勾当：偷鸡摸狗 (138) 沟通：鸡同鸭讲 (433) 狗：打狗还得看主人 (167)；鸡飞狗跳 (272)； 狗改不了吃屎 (171)；狗咬狗 (312)； 狗急了跳墙 (135)；狗眼看人低 (136)； 狗腿子 (284)；狗嘴里吐不出象牙 (59)； 挂羊头、卖狗肉 (218)；咬人的狗不露齿 (481)；偷鸡摸狗 (138)；落水狗 (274)； 嫁鸡随鸡，嫁狗随狗 (189) 狗：画虎不成反类犬 (409) 狗肉：挂羊头、卖狗肉 (218) 狗腿子：狗腿子 (284) 狗咬狗：狗咬狗 (312) 姑：七大姑，八大姨 (251) 姑且：死马当活马医 (139) 谷子：陈芝麻、烂谷子 (264) 骨头：鸡蛋里挑骨头 (83)；硬骨头 (348) 鼓：打退堂鼓 (146)；当面锣，对面鼓 (470) 故意：唱对台戏 (376) 顾及：不看僧面看佛面 (240) 顾忌：死猪不怕开水烫 (196)；光脚的不怕 穿鞋的 (393)

408  Appendix three: Chinese word index 瓜：王婆卖瓜，自卖自夸 (11)；歪瓜裂枣 (354)；种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆 (57)；强扭的 瓜不甜 (69) 瓜…豆…：种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆 (57) 瓜…枣…：歪瓜裂枣 (354) 挂：挂羊头、卖狗肉 (218) 关公：关公面前耍大刀 (297) 关键：成也萧何，败也萧何 (359) 关键时刻：掉链子 (159) 关联：拔出萝卜带出泥 (460) 关系：走后门 (48) 关系到：一着不慎，满盘皆输 (212) 关注：会哭的孩子有奶吃 (447) 关子：卖关子 (72) 观：坐山观虎斗 (256) 官：新官上任三把火 (140) 官员：只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯 (137) 棺材：不见棺材不落泪 (94) 罐子：破罐子破摔 (56) 光：干打雷，不下雨 (271) 光脚：光脚的不怕穿鞋的 (393) 光说不做：说得比唱得好听 (68) 鬼：有钱能使鬼推磨 (92)；阎王好见， 小鬼难搪 (468) 贵：不当家不知柴米贵 (342) 贵重：物以稀为贵 (10) 滚刀肉：滚刀肉 (395) 棍子：一棍子打死 (243) 锅：一马勺坏一锅 (494)；一锅端 (434)； 吃大锅饭 (337)；吃着碗里的，看着锅里的 (24)；肉烂在锅里 (415)；背黑锅 (127)； 砸了锅 (446) 锅…碗…：吃着碗里的，看着锅里的 (24) 果断：快刀斩乱麻 (210) 过：过了这个村，就没这个店 (90)； 你走你的阳关道，我过我的独木桥 (89) 过场：走过场 (335) 过关：过五关、斩六将 (372)；英雄难过 美人关 (62) 过河：过河拆桥 (105)；摸着石头过河 (328) 过时：老皇历 (435)；陈芝麻、烂谷子 (264) 过头：虱子多了不咬，账多了不愁 (484) 蛤蟆：癞蛤蟆想吃天鹅肉 (46) 还：以牙还牙，以眼还眼 (107)；出来混的， 总要还的 (408) 孩子：会哭的孩子有奶吃 (447)；舍不得孩子 套不住狼 (217) 海水：人不可貌相，海水不可斗量 (26) 寒冷：冰冻三尺，非一日之寒 (130) 汉朝：身在曹营心在汉 (230)

汉子：饱汉不知饿汉饥 (288) 汗毛：拔根汗毛比腰粗 (467) 行：隔行如隔山 (357) 行动：干打雷，不下雨 (271)；雷声大、 雨点小 (241) 好：不管黑猫白猫，会捉老鼠就是好猫 (169)； 好了伤疤忘了疼 (178)；好戏在后头 (97) 好处：肉烂在锅里 (415)；羊毛出在羊身上 (257)；鱼与熊掌不可得兼 (280) 好汉：好汉不吃眼前亏 (50) 好景：花无百日红 (422) 好马：好马不吃回头草 (1) 好色：家花没有野花香 (436) 好听：说得比唱得好听 (68) 号码：对号入座 (141) 耗子：瞎猫碰上死耗子 (49) 喝：吃香的，喝辣的 (77) 喝酒：敬酒不吃吃罚酒 (75) 喝水：牛不喝水强按头 (441) 何必：既生瑜，何生亮？ (380) 和尚：三个和尚没水吃 (181)；当一天和尚撞 一天钟 (227)；远来的和尚会念经 (451)； 指着和尚骂秃子 (487)；跑了和尚跑不了庙 (108)；僧多粥少 (340) 和稀泥：和稀泥 (318) 河：过河拆桥 (105)；常在河边走，哪有不 湿鞋 (220)；摸着石头过河 (328)； 跳进黄河洗不清 (17) 河边：常在河边走，哪有不湿鞋 (220) 河水：井水不犯河水 (111) 黑：一条路走到黑 (302)；天下乌鸦一般黑 (133)；老鸹嫌猪黑 (496)；近朱者赤， 近墨者黑 (9) 黑锅：背黑锅 (127) 很久：久病成良医 (396) 恨：一失足成千古恨 (64)；恨铁不成钢 (88)； 羡慕嫉妒恨 (374) 恒心：三天打鱼，两天晒网 (60) 横…竖…：横挑鼻子竖挑眼 (399) 衡量：试金石 (383) 红：红眼病 (343)；花无百日红 (422)； 脸红脖子粗 (242) 红眼病：红眼病 (343) 鸿门：鸿门宴 (214) 鸿门宴：鸿门宴 (214) 哄抢：一窝蜂 (331) 猴：杀鸡给猴看 (153)；猴年马月 (31) 猴子：树倒猢狲散 (347)；山中无老虎，猴子 称大王 (247) 后：先君子后小人 (406)；前怕狼，后怕虎 (267)



Appendix three: Chinese word index  409

后备：骑马找马 (457) 后代：仔卖爷田不心疼 (498) 后果：打不着狐狸惹身骚 (475)；吃不了 兜着走 (84) 后悔：好马不吃回头草 (1) 后门：走后门 (48) 后人：前人栽树，后人乘凉 (295) 后头：好戏在后头 (97) 后腿：扯后腿 (320) 后遗症：一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳 (61) 厚望：恨铁不成钢 (88) 忽略：坐冷板凳 (341) 狐狸：打不着狐狸惹身骚 (475)； 老狐狸 (330)；狐狸尾巴露出来了 (352)； 狐狸精 (161) 狐狸精：狐狸精 (161) 胡乱：眉毛胡子一把抓 (207) 胡说：乱弹琴 (361)；满嘴跑火车 (461) 胡子：眉毛胡子一把抓 (207) 壶：哪壶不开提哪壶 (65) 葫芦：依葫芦画瓢 (185)；按下葫芦起了瓢 (465)；葫芦里卖的是什么药 (344) 猢狲：树倒猢狲散 (347) 虎：一山不容二虎 (149)；九牛二虎之力 (74)；不入虎穴，焉得虎子 (116)；坐山观 虎斗 (256)；初生牛犊不怕虎 (155)；画虎 不成反类犬 (409)；虎毒不食子 (165)； 前怕狼，后怕虎 (267)；笑面虎 (289) 虎穴：不入虎穴，焉得虎子 (116) 花：有心栽花花不长，无心插柳柳成荫 (118)；花无百日红 (422)；家花没有野花香 (436)；鲜花插在牛粪上 (29) 花枪：耍花枪 (439) 画：画虎不成反类犬 (409)；依葫芦画瓢 (185) 话：三句话不离本行 (345)；丑话说在前头 (162)；打开天窗说亮话 (190) 坏：一马勺坏一锅 (494) 坏人：天下乌鸦一般黑 (133) 坏事：成事不足，败事有余 (38) 缓慢：老牛拉破车 (431)；挤牙膏 (362) 换：鸟枪换炮 (477)；换汤不换药 (197) 换位：饱汉不知饿汉饥 (288) 皇帝：一朝天子一朝臣 (419)；天高皇帝远 (323)；皇帝女儿不愁嫁 (418) 皇历：老皇历 (435) 皇上：皇上不急太监急 (39) 黄河：不到黄河心不死 (134)；跳进黄河洗不 清 (17)；三十年河东，三十年河西 (223) 晃：一瓶子不满，半瓶子晃荡 (386) 晃荡：一瓶子不满，半瓶子晃荡 (386)

幌子：挂羊头、卖狗肉 (218) 灰：碰一鼻子灰 (195) 回：一回生，二回熟 (279) 回头：好马不吃回头草 (1) 回头客：一锤子买卖 (398) 会：会哭的孩子有奶吃 (447)；远来的和尚会 念经 (451) 浑水：趟浑水 (283) 混：出来混的，总要还的 (408) 混乱：鸡飞狗跳 (272) 活：死马当活马医 (139)；树挪死，人挪活 (464) 活该：搬起石头砸自己的脚 (71) 活马：死马当活马医 (139) 活人：活人让尿憋死 (420) 火：火烧眉毛 (384)；只许州官放火，不许 百姓点灯 (137)；众人拾柴火焰高 (209)； 纸包不住火 (96)；真金不怕火炼 (170)； 新官上任三把火 (140) 火车：满嘴跑火车 (461) 火海：上刀山，下火海 (145) 火焰：众人拾柴火焰高 (209) 货：一分钱一分货 (73) 获得：不入虎穴，焉得虎子 (116) 饥…饱…：饱汉不知饿汉饥 (288) 饥饿：饥不择食 (173)；饱汉不知饿汉饥 (288) 机会：过了这个村，就没这个店 (90) 鸡：杀鸡给猴看 (153)；杀鸡焉用宰牛刀 (248)；鸡飞蛋打 (286)；鸡毛蒜皮 (28)； 鸡同鸭讲 (433)；鸡蛋里挑骨头 (83)； 铁公鸡 (156)；拿鸡毛当令箭 (365)； 拿鸡蛋碰石头 (244)；偷鸡不成反蚀把米 (208)；偷鸡摸狗 (138)；嫁鸡随鸡， 嫁狗随狗 (189)；攒鸡毛，凑掸子 (485) 鸡…狗…：鸡飞狗跳 (272)；偷鸡摸狗 (138)； 嫁鸡随鸡，嫁狗随狗 (189) 鸡…鸭…：鸡同鸭讲 (433) 鸡蛋：苍蝇不叮无缝的蛋 (368)；鸡蛋里挑 骨头 (83)；拿鸡蛋碰石头 (244) 鸡毛：鸡毛蒜皮 (28)；拿鸡毛当令箭 (365)； 攒鸡毛，凑掸子 (485) 积累：姜是老的辣 (33) 积习：狗改不了吃屎 (171) 基础：身体是革命的本钱 (305)；磨刀不误 砍柴工 (147) 急：狗急了跳墙 (135)；皇上不急太监急 (39)；病急乱投医 (237) 棘手：烫手的山芋 (277) 集体：众人拾柴火焰高 (209)

410  Appendix three: Chinese word index 嫉妒：羡慕嫉妒恨 (374) 嫉妒：吃不到葡萄就说葡萄酸 (43)；红眼病 (343)；既生瑜，何生亮？ (380) 挤：挤牙膏 (362) 挤牙膏：挤牙膏 (362) 计划：人算不如天算 (191)；小不忍则乱大谋 (166) 技巧：四两拨千斤 (266) 忌惮：打狗还得看主人 (167) 既然：既生瑜，何生亮？ (380) 家：家丑不可外扬 (126)；家花没有野花香 (436)；家家有本难念的经 (100) 家产：仔卖爷田不心疼 (498) 家常：家常便饭 (45) 家丑：家丑不可外扬 (126) 家底：赔了夫人又折兵 (117) 假借：拿鸡毛当令箭 (365) 假象：笑面虎 (289) 假装：睁一只眼，闭一只眼 (55)；唱双簧 (308)；得便宜卖乖 (124) 价格：物以稀为贵 (10) 嫁：嫁鸡随鸡，嫁狗随狗 (189) 嫁人：皇帝女儿不愁嫁 (418) 奸猾：不倒翁 (270)；老狐狸 (330) 坚决：不管三七二十一 (23) 坚强：硬骨头 (348) 艰难：硬骨头 (348) 兼得：鱼与熊掌不可得兼 (280) 拣：拣软柿子捏 (324) 见：丑媳妇早晚也得见公婆 (233)； 阎王好见，小鬼难搪 (468) 见不得人：偷鸡摸狗 (138) 剑：双刃剑 (176) 锏：杀手锏 (172) 箭：明枪易躲，暗箭难防 (199) 将：强将手下无弱兵 (427) 将就：矬子里拔将军 (478)；高不成，低不就 (298) 将军：一个将军一个令 (444)；过五关、 斩六将 (372)；矬子里拔将军 (478) 姜：姜是老的辣 (33) 讲：鸡同鸭讲 (433) 酱油：打酱油 (20) 交往：君子之交淡如水 (180)；一回生， 二回熟 (279) 嚼：吃别人嚼过的馍不香 (473) 角：冰山一角 (304) 狡诈：两面三刀 (403) 脚：一步一个脚印 (114)；三脚猫 (221)； 头痛医头，脚痛医脚 (428)；抱佛脚 (91)； 绊脚石 (371)；捧臭脚 (480)；脚正不怕

鞋歪 (413)；脚踩两只船 (41)；搬起石头 砸自己的脚 (71) 脚印：一步一个脚印 (114) 搅和：和稀泥 (318) 搅坏：一马勺坏一锅 (494) 教训：一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳 (61)； 吃一堑，长一智 (7)；好了伤疤忘了疼 (178)；给他一点颜色看看 (322) 皆：一着不慎，满盘皆输 (212) 接：接地气 (500) 节省：不是省油的灯 (125) 结果：生米做成熟饭 (154)；有心栽花 花不长，无心插柳柳成荫 (118) 解：解铃还须系铃人 (51) 解雇：炒鱿鱼 (66) 解决：远水解不了近渴 (193)；一把钥匙开 一把锁 (404) 届时：秋后算账 (339) 界限：打擦边球 (327) 借：借东风 (388) 借东风：借东风 (388) 借题发挥：做文章 (336) 斤…两…：四两拨千斤 (266) 金：试金石 (383)；真金不怕火炼 (170) 紧箍咒：紧箍咒 (307) 紧急：火烧眉毛 (384)；病急乱投医 (237) 谨慎：一着不慎，满盘皆输 (212) 尽头：一条路走到黑 (302) 进展：好戏在后头 (97) 近：远水解不了近渴 (193)；远亲不如近邻 (131)；近水楼台先得月 (103)；近朱者赤， 近墨者黑 (9) 经书：远来的和尚会念经 (451) 经验：姜是老的辣 (33) 荆州：大意失荆州 (410) 精：狐狸精 (161) 精神：开小差 (315) 井绳：一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳 (61) 井水：井水不犯河水 (111) 警告：杀鸡给猴看 (153)；给他一点颜色看看 (322) 警示：给他一点颜色看看 (322) 竞争：大鱼吃小鱼 (351)；二虎相争， 必有一伤 (349) 敬酒：敬酒不吃吃罚酒 (75) 静：树欲静而风不止 (232) 究竟：说一千，道一万 (370) 揪：揪辫子 (452) 揪辫子：揪辫子 (452) 九：八九不离十 (122)；九牛二虎之力 (74)



Appendix three: Chinese word index  411

酒：酒香不怕巷子深 (301)；敬酒不吃吃罚酒 (75)；醉翁之意不在酒 (30)；酒逢知己 千杯少 (226) 酒瓶：旧瓶装新酒 (402) 旧题材：炒冷饭 (482) 救命：救命稻草 (198) 就：不成功，便成仁 (394) 就是：不是鱼死，就是网破 (303)；有奶 就是娘 (414)；听风就是雨 (213) 拒绝：吃闭门羹 (222)；碰钉子 (204) 俱备：万事俱备，只欠东风 (168) 俱全：麻雀虽小，五脏俱全 (164) 距离：十万八千里 (142) 卷进：躺着都中枪 (412) 决定：屁股决定脑袋 (455)；谋事在人， 成事在天 (200) 决心：长痛不如短痛 (300) 绝技：杀手锏 (172) 绝境：狗急了跳墙 (135) 绝望：天无绝人之路 (47)；狗急了跳墙 (135) 橛子：别人牵驴你拔橛 (497) 军营：身在曹营心在汉 (230) 君子：以小人之心，度君子之腹 (81)；有仇 不报非君子 (269)；先君子后小人 (406)； 君子之交淡如水 (180) 俊杰：识时务者为俊杰 (110) 开：一把钥匙开一把锁 (404)；开空白支票 (309)；开绿灯 (353) 开车：开夜车 (332) 开绿灯：开绿灯 (353) 开水：白开水 (389)；死猪不怕开水烫 (196) 开小差：开小差 (315) 开夜车：开夜车 (332) 砍柴：磨刀不误砍柴工 (147) 看：打狗还得看主人 (167)；吃着碗里的， 看着锅里的 (24)；杀鸡给猴看 (153)； 狗眼看人低 (136) 看见：不见兔子不撒鹰 (469)；不见棺材 不落泪 (94)；只见树木，不见森林 (454) 看清：识时务者为俊杰 (110)；睁眼瞎 (16) 考虑：病急乱投医 (237) 考验：真金不怕火炼 (170) 靠山：树倒猢狲散 (347) 科班：半路出家 (329) 科室：小儿科 (78) 可能：莫须有 (364) 可笑：笑掉大牙 (278) 渴：远水解不了近渴 (193) 客观：对事不对人 (174) 肯定：板上钉钉 (275)

坑：一个萝卜一个坑 (311) 空白：开空白支票 (309) 空城计：唱空城计 (400) 空手：空手套白狼 (385) 空谈：唱高调 (313) 控制：天高皇帝远 (323) 口：一口吃成个胖子 (258) 口渴：远水解不了近渴 (193) 扣：扣帽子 (459) 扣帽子：扣帽子 (459) 哭：会哭的孩子有奶吃 (447) 裤子：脱了裤子放屁 (387) 夸耀：王婆卖瓜，自卖自夸 (11) 快：快刀斩乱麻 (210)；萝卜快了不洗泥 (499) 筷子：端起碗来吃肉，放下筷子骂娘 (492) 亏：偷鸡不成反蚀把米 (208) 亏：好汉不吃眼前亏 (50) 捆绑：一根绳上的蚂蚱 (282) 困境：饥不择食 (173) 困难：不当家不知柴米贵 (342) 拉：老牛拉破车 (431) 拉出来：是骡子是马拉出来遛遛 (228) 拉屎：占着茅坑不拉屎 (194)；拉不出屎来怨 茅房 (429)；骑脖子拉屎 (486) 辣：姜是老的辣 (33) 来不及：远水解不了近渴 (193) 来得及：磨刀不误砍柴工 (147) 癞蛤蟆：癞蛤蟆想吃天鹅肉 (46) 烂：肉烂在锅里 (415) 烂泥：烂泥扶不上墙 (296) 狼：舍不得孩子套不住狼 (217)；空手套白狼 (385)；前怕狼，后怕虎 (267) 浪费：打水漂 (314)；杀鸡焉用宰牛刀 (248) 老：老牛拉破车 (431)；老狐狸 (330)； 老油条 (260)；老皇历 (435)；老掉牙 (70)； 乱拳打死老师傅 (491)；姜是老的辣 (33) 老底：瘦死的骆驼比马大 (231) 老掉牙：老掉牙 (70) 老鸹：老鸹嫌猪黑 (496) 老狐狸：老狐狸 (330) 老虎：山中无老虎，猴子称大王 (247)； 母老虎 (292)；纸老虎 (160)；一山不容 二虎 (149) 老皇历：老皇历 (435) 老牛：老牛拉破车 (431) 老鼠：不管黑猫白猫，会捉老鼠就是好猫 (169) 老鹰：不见兔子不撒鹰 (469) 老油条：老油条 (260)

412  Appendix three: Chinese word index 雷：雷声大、雨点小 (241) 雷声：雷声大、雨点小 (241) 类似：画虎不成反类犬 (409) 累积：冰冻三尺，非一日之寒 (130)； 攒鸡毛，凑掸子 (485) 累赘：扯后腿 (320) 冷：坐冷板凳 (341) 冷…热…：热脸贴冷屁股 (177) 冷饭：炒冷饭 (482) 冷水：泼冷水 (152) 冷遇：热脸贴冷屁股 (177)；碰一鼻子灰 (195) 离：八九不离十 (122) 离开：三句话不离本行 (345) 里：十万八千里 (142) 鲤鱼：鲤鱼跳龙门 (390) 力：九牛二虎之力 (74)；心有余而力不足 (53) 力气：九牛二虎之力 (74) 厉害：母老虎 (292) 立场：两面派 (316) 立功：卸磨杀驴 (411) 利落：快刀斩乱麻 (210) 利益：打小算盘 (255)；有奶就是娘 (414)； 有钱能使鬼推磨 (92)；肥水不流外人田 (52) 利益相关：兔子不吃窝边草 (128) 利用：过河拆桥 (105)；借东风 (388) 连累：打不着狐狸惹身骚 (475) 连锁：一条龙 (265) 连夜雨：屋漏偏逢连阴雨 (259) 连阴雨：屋漏偏逢连阴雨 (259) 联系：对号入座 (141) 脸：小白脸 (183)；打肿脸充胖子 (85)； 热脸贴冷屁股 (177)；脸红脖子粗 (242)； 蹬鼻子上脸 (205) 脸红：脸红脖子粗 (242) 炼：真金不怕火炼 (170) 链子：掉链子 (159) 梁：上梁不正下梁歪 (115) 两：二虎相争，必有一伤 (349)；三天打鱼， 两天晒网 (60)；两面派 (316)；脚踩两只船 (41) 两空：鸡飞蛋打 (286) 两面：两面派 (316) 两面派：两面派 (316) 两难：高不成，低不就 (298) 亮：东方不亮西方亮 (430) 撂：撂挑子 (381) 撂挑子：撂挑子 (381) 裂开：歪瓜裂枣 (354)

邻近：兔子不吃窝边草 (128) 邻居：远亲不如近邻 (131) 林：独木不成林 (379) 临时：抱佛脚 (91) 灵活：一棵树上吊死 (112)；好汉不吃眼前亏 (50) 灵巧：巧妇难为无米之炊 (187) 灵验：说曹操，曹操到 (4) 铃铛：解铃还须系铃人 (51) 领导：强将手下无弱兵 (427) 领域：隔行如隔山 (357) 令：一个将军一个令 (444) 令箭：拿鸡毛当令箭 (365) 刘邦：鸿门宴 (214) 留不住：浅水养不了大鱼 (472) 留下：留得青山在，不怕没柴烧 (34) 流：人往高处走，水往低处流 (67) 流动：人往高处走，水往低处流 (67) 流入：肥水不流外人田 (52) 流失：肉烂在锅里 (415) 柳：有心栽花花不长，无心插柳柳成荫 (118) 遛：是骡子是马拉出来遛遛 (228) 龙：一条龙 (265)；龙生龙，凤生凤 (239)； 变色龙 (378)；强龙压不住地头蛇 (391) 龙…凤…：龙生龙，凤生凤 (239) 龙门：鲤鱼跳龙门 (390) 龙套：跑龙套 (250) 龙王：大水冲了龙王庙 (360) 娄子：捅马蜂窝 (261) 楼台：近水楼台先得月 (103) 漏雨：屋漏偏逢连阴雨 (259) 路：一条路走到黑 (302)；车到山前必有路 (82)；多个朋友多条路 (253) 露：露马脚 (143) 露齿：咬人的狗不露齿 (481) 露出来：狐狸尾巴露出来了 (352) 露马脚：露马脚 (143) 露馅：露马脚 (143) 乱：乱拳打死老师傅 (491)；乱弹琴 (361)； 快刀斩乱麻 (210)；病急乱投医 (237) 乱弹琴：乱弹琴 (361) 乱来：乱弹琴 (361) 萝卜：一个萝卜一个坑 (311)；拔出萝卜 带出泥 (460)；萝卜白菜，各有所爱 (58)； 萝卜快了不洗泥 (499) 锣：当面锣，对面鼓 (470)；敲锣边儿 (458) 锣边：敲锣边儿 (458) 骡子：是骡子是马拉出来遛遛 (228) 骆驼：瘦死的骆驼比马大 (231) 落：落水狗 (274) 落空：吃闭门羹 (222)



Appendix three: Chinese word index  413

落泪：不见棺材不落泪 (94) 落水：落水狗 (274) 落水狗：落水狗 (274) 驴：别人牵驴你拔橛 (497)；卸磨杀驴 (411)； 猴年马月 (31) 绿：绿帽子 (109) 绿灯：开绿灯 (353) 绿帽子：绿帽子 (109) 麻：快刀斩乱麻 (210) 麻烦：不是省油的灯 (125)；穿小鞋 (321)； 捅马蜂窝 (261)；眼中钉、肉中刺 (216) 麻利：三下五除二 (151) 麻雀：麻雀虽小，五脏俱全 (164) 马：又要马儿跑，又要马儿不吃草 (440)； 下马威 (132)；千里马 (326)；马后炮 (158)；风马牛不相及 (148)；死马当活马医 (139)；拍马屁 (18)；是骡子是马拉出来 遛遛 (228)；骑马找马 (457)；猴年马月 (31)；瘦死的骆驼比马大 (231) 马蜂：捅马蜂窝 (261) 马蜂窝：捅马蜂窝 (261) 马后炮：马后炮 (158) 马虎：打马虎眼 (325) 马脚：露马脚 (143) 马屁：拍马屁 (18) 马勺：一马勺坏一锅 (494) 马嘴：牛头不对马嘴 (80) 蚂蚱：一根绳上的蚂蚱 (282)；蚂蚱也是肉 (488) 骂：三字经 (367)；指着和尚骂秃子 (487)； 端起碗来吃肉，放下筷子骂娘 (492) 骂娘：端起碗来吃肉，放下筷子骂娘 (492) 埋怨：拉不出屎来怨茅房 (429) 买卖：一锤子买卖 (398) 卖：王婆卖瓜，自卖自夸 (11)；仔卖爷田不 心疼 (498)；卖关子 (72)；挂羊头、卖狗肉 (218)；葫芦里卖的是什么药 (344) 卖乖：得便宜卖乖 (124) 卖关子：卖关子 (72) 卖药：葫芦里卖的是什么药 (344) 满：一瓶子不满，半瓶子晃荡 (386)； 满嘴跑火车 (461) 猫：三脚猫 (221)；不管黑猫白猫，会捉老鼠 就是好猫 (169)；瞎猫碰上死耗子 (49) 矛盾：三个女人一台戏 (201) 茅房：拉不出屎来怨茅房 (429) 茅坑：占着茅坑不拉屎 (194) 卯：丁是丁，卯是卯 (425) 铆：丁是丁，卯是卯 (425) 冒充：打肿脸充胖子 (85)

冒犯：大水冲了龙王庙 (360) 冒险：不入虎穴，焉得虎子 (116)；舍不得 孩子套不住狼 (217) 帽：戴高帽 (338) 帽子：扣帽子 (459)；绿帽子 (109) 貌：人不可貌相，海水不可斗量 (26) 没：过了这个村，就没这个店 (90) 没出息：下三烂 (235) 没完：走着瞧 (22) 没有：天下没有不散的筵席 (13)；没有不 透风的墙 (245)；留得青山在，不怕没柴烧 (34)；家花没有野花香 (436) 眉毛：火烧眉毛 (384)；眉毛胡子一把抓 (207) 美女：鲜花插在牛粪上 (29) 美人：英雄难过美人关 (62) 媚外：胳膊肘往外扭 (299) 门：门外汉 (294)；敲门砖 (382) 门外汉：门外汉 (294) 门牙：打掉门牙往肚里咽 (375) 蒙混：眼里揉不得沙子 (150) 迷惑：一头雾水 (356) 米：巧妇难为无米之炊 (187)；生米做成熟饭 (154)；偷鸡不成反蚀把米 (208) 秘密：没有不透风的墙 (245) 蜜蜂：一窝蜂 (331) 勉强：强扭的瓜不甜 (69) 面：两面三刀 (403)；两面派 (316)；笑面虎 (289) 面前：关公面前耍大刀 (297) 面子：不看僧面看佛面 (240)；下台阶 (254)； 打狗还得看主人 (167) 庙：大水冲了龙王庙 (360)；跑了和尚跑 不了庙 (108) 名声：跳进黄河洗不清 (17) 名声：人怕出名猪怕壮 (246) 明…暗…：明枪易躲，暗箭难防 (199) 明确：一是一，二是二 (252) 命：小姐的身子丫鬟的命 (453) 命令：一个将军一个令 (444)；拿鸡毛当令箭 (365) 命运：既生瑜，何生亮？ (380)；嫁鸡随鸡， 嫁狗随狗 (189) 摸：偷鸡摸狗 (138)；摸着石头过河 (328) 摸索：摸着石头过河 (328) 馍：吃别人嚼过的馍不香 (473) 模仿：依葫芦画瓢 (185) 磨：卸磨杀驴 (411)；磨刀不误砍柴工 (147) 磨刀：磨刀不误砍柴工 (147) 陌生：一回生，二回熟 (279) 莫：一不做，二不休 (106)

414  Appendix three: Chinese word index 莫须有：莫须有 (364) 墨：近朱者赤，近墨者黑 (9) 谋：谋事在人，成事在天 (200) 谋划：小不忍则乱大谋 (166) 母：母老虎 (292) 母老虎：母老虎 (292) 亩：一亩三分地 (358) 木：独木不成林 (379) 目标：树大招风 (225) 目的：醉翁之意不在酒 (30) 拿：拿鸡毛当令箭 (365)；拿鸡蛋碰石头 (244)；拿得起，放得下 (35) 拿起：拿得起，放得下 (35) 哪：哪壶不开提哪壶 (65) 哪有：常在河边走，哪有不湿鞋 (220) 奶：有奶就是娘 (414)；会哭的孩子有奶吃 (447) 奶奶：求爷爷、告奶奶 (373) 耐心：放长线，钓大鱼 (184) 男人：吃软饭 (211) 难：巧妇难为无米之炊 (187)；英雄难过 美人关 (62)；明枪易躲，暗箭难防 (199)； 家家有本难念的经 (100)；阎王好见， 小鬼难搪 (468) 难缠：滚刀肉 (395) 难免：常在河边走，哪有不湿鞋 (220) 难事：家家有本难念的经 (100) 脑袋：屁股决定脑袋 (455) 内耗：二虎相争，必有一伤 (349) 内容：旧瓶装新酒 (402) 能：有钱能使鬼推磨 (92) 能干：拿得起，放得下 (35) 能力：高不成，低不就 (298)；眼大肚子小 (471) 能手：多面手 (476) 能说：说得比唱得好听 (68) 泥：拔出萝卜带出泥 (460)；和稀泥 (318)； 萝卜快了不洗泥 (499) 你…我…：你走你的阳关道，我过我的 独木桥 (89) 年：三十年河东，三十年河西 (223)； 多年的媳妇熬成婆 (426) …年…月：猴年马月 (31) 念叨：说曹操，曹操到 (4) 念经：远来的和尚会念经 (451)；家家有本 难念的经 (100) 娘：有奶就是娘 (414)；端起碗来吃肉， 放下筷子骂娘 (492) 鸟：林子大了，什么鸟都有 (27)； 枪打出头鸟 (203)

鸟枪：鸟枪换炮 (477) 尿：活人让尿憋死 (420) 捏：拣软柿子捏 (324) 牛：九牛二虎之力 (74)；牛不喝水强按头 (441)；风马牛不相及 (148)；杀鸡焉用 宰牛刀 (248) 牛犊：初生牛犊不怕虎 (155) 牛粪：鲜花插在牛粪上 (29) 牛角尖：钻牛角尖 (25) 牛皮：吹牛皮 (98) 牛头：牛头不对马嘴 (80) 扭：胳膊扭不过大腿 (287)；胳膊肘往外扭 (299)；强扭的瓜不甜 (69) 挪：树挪死，人挪活 (464) 懦弱：拣软柿子捏 (324) 女儿：皇帝女儿不愁嫁 (418) 女人：母老虎 (292)；吃豆腐 (206)； 吃软饭 (211)；狐狸精 (161)；三个女人 一台戏 (201) 耙：倒打一耙 (263) 怕：一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳 (61)；人怕 出名猪怕壮 (246)；死猪不怕开水烫 (196)； 光脚的不怕穿鞋的 (393)；初生牛犊不怕虎 (155)；前怕狼，后怕虎 (267)；留得 青山在，不怕没柴烧 (34) 拍：一个巴掌拍不响 (79)；拍马屁 (18) 拍马屁：拍马屁 (18) 牌坊：又想当婊子又想立牌坊 (437) 派：两面派 (316) 攀附：抱大腿 (445) 盘：一盘散沙 (317)；一着不慎，满盘皆输 (212) 判断：人不可貌相，海水不可斗量 (26)； 以小人之心，度君子之腹 (81) 旁边：当耳旁风 (87)；枕边风 (397) 旁观：坐山观虎斗 (256)；说风凉话 (306) 胖：说你胖你就喘 (416) 胖子：一口吃成个胖子 (258)；打肿脸充胖子 (85) 抛弃：卸磨杀驴 (411) 跑：又要马儿跑，又要马儿不吃草 (440)； 跑了和尚跑不了庙 (108)；跑龙套 (250)； 满嘴跑火车 (461) 跑龙套：跑龙套 (250) 炮：马后炮 (158)；鸟枪换炮 (477) 炮弹：糖衣炮弹 (346) 赔：赔了夫人又折兵 (117) 配角：跑龙套 (250) 朋友：多个朋友多条路 (253)；君子之交 淡如水 (180)



Appendix three: Chinese word index  415

捧：捧臭脚 (480) 捧臭脚：捧臭脚 (480) 碰：拿鸡蛋碰石头 (244)；碰一鼻子灰 (195)； 碰钉子 (204) 碰钉子：碰钉子 (204) 碰上：瞎猫碰上死耗子 (49) 皮…肉…：皮笑肉不笑 (175) 皮匠：三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮 (40) 屁：脱了裤子放屁 (387) 屁股：屁股决定脑袋 (455)；热脸贴冷屁股 (177)；擦屁股 (417) 偏偏：屋漏偏逢连阴雨 (259) 便宜：得便宜卖乖 (124) 片面：只见树木，不见森林 (454)； 头痛医头，脚痛医脚 (428) 瓢：依葫芦画瓢 (185)；按下葫芦起了瓢 (465) 撇：八字还没一撇 (119) 拼凑：攒鸡毛，凑掸子 (485) 平常：家常便饭 (45) 平淡：白开水 (389) 平凡：三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮 (40) 平分：二一添作五 (448) 平均：吃大锅饭 (337) 瓶：旧瓶装新酒 (402) 瓶子：一瓶子不满，半瓶子晃荡 (386) 泼：泼冷水 (152) 泼冷水：泼冷水 (152) 泼皮：滚刀肉 (395) 婆：多年的媳妇熬成婆 (426) 破：不是鱼死，就是网破 (303)；老牛拉破车 (431)；破罐子破摔 (56) 破车：老牛拉破车 (431) 破坏：一马勺坏一锅 (494) 葡萄：吃不到葡萄就说葡萄酸 (43) 普通：家常便饭 (45) 七…八…：七大姑，八大姨 (251) 期望：高不成，低不就 (298) 欺负：不是吃素的 (188)；拣软柿子捏 (324)； 骑脖子拉屎 (486) 欺辱：骑脖子拉屎 (486) 奇怪：林子大了，什么鸟都有 (27) 骑：骑马找马 (457)；骑脖子拉屎 (486) 骑马：骑马找马 (457) 起：按下葫芦起了瓢 (465) 起因：解铃还须系铃人 (51) 起早：起大早，赶晚集 (474) 气筒：出气筒 (121) 恰当：用在刀刃上 (285) 恰好：一个萝卜一个坑 (311)

千：酒逢知己千杯少 (226) 千…万…：说一千，道一万 (370) 千方百计：横挑鼻子竖挑眼 (399) 千古：一失足成千古恨 (64) 千斤：四两拨千斤 (266) 千里马：千里马 (326) 牵：别人牵驴你拔橛 (497) 谦虚：一瓶子不满，半瓶子晃荡 (386) 前…后…：前人栽树，后人乘凉 (295)； 前怕狼，后怕虎 (267) 前人：前人栽树，后人乘凉 (295) 前提：敲门砖 (382) 前头：丑话说在前头 (162) 前途：兔子尾巴长不了 (456) 钱：一分钱一分货 (73)；有钱能使鬼推磨 (92) 浅：浅水养不了大鱼 (472) 欠：万事俱备，只欠东风 (168) 堑：吃一堑，长一智 (7) 枪：枪打出头鸟 (203)；明枪易躲，暗箭难防 (199)；躺着都中枪 (412) 枪…炮…：鸟枪换炮 (477) 强：强龙压不住地头蛇 (391)；强扭的瓜不甜 (69)；强将手下无弱兵 (427) 强…弱…：强将手下无弱兵 (427) 强龙：强龙压不住地头蛇 (391) 强迫：赶鸭子上架 (182)；牛不喝水强按头 (441) 强弱：胳膊扭不过大腿 (287) 强硬：敬酒不吃吃罚酒 (75) 墙：没有不透风的墙 (245)；拆东墙，补西墙 (350)；狗急了跳墙 (135)；烂泥扶不上墙 (296)；隔墙有耳 (186)；墙头草 (101)； 墙倒众人推 (363) 墙头：墙头草 (101) 墙头草：墙头草 (101) 敲：敲门砖 (382)；敲竹杠 (319)；敲锣边儿 (458) 敲锣边：敲锣边儿 (458) 敲门砖：敲门砖 (382) 敲竹杠：敲竹杠 (319) 桥：过河拆桥 (105)；你走你的阳关道， 我过我的独木桥 (89) 瞧：走着瞧 (22) 巧合：瞎猫碰上死耗子 (49) 切：一刀切 (401) 侵犯：井水不犯河水 (111) 亲戚：远亲不如近邻 (131)；七大姑，八大姨 (251) 青山：留得青山在，不怕没柴烧 (34) 青蛙：温水煮青蛙 (462) 轻率：听风就是雨 (213)

416  Appendix three: Chinese word index 轻视：坐冷板凳 (341) 清：跳进黄河洗不清 (17) 清白：跳进黄河洗不清 (17) 清净：眼不见为净 (32) 情人：情人眼里出西施 (19) 秋：秋后算账 (339) 秋后：秋后算账 (339) 求：求爷爷、告奶奶 (373) 求救：抱佛脚 (91) 球：打擦边球 (327) 驱动：有钱能使鬼推磨 (92) 屈辱：打掉门牙往肚里咽 (375) 取舍：鱼与熊掌不可得兼 (280) 取笑：五十步笑百步 (293) 圈套：鸿门宴 (214) 权势：大树底下好乘凉 (249)；拔根汗毛比 腰粗 (467)；抱大腿 (445) 权威：一个将军一个令 (444) 全部：一锅端 (434) 全局：一着不慎，满盘皆输 (212)； 只见树木，不见森林 (454) 拳头：乱拳打死老师傅 (491) 犬：画虎不成反类犬 (409) 缺点：苍蝇不叮无缝的蛋 (368) 让：终日打雁，让雁啄了眼 (495) 让步：先君子后小人 (406) 惹：打不着狐狸惹身骚 (475) 热：心急吃不了热豆腐 (44)；剃头挑子 一头热 (450)；热脸贴冷屁股 (177) 热闹：三个女人一台戏 (201) 热情：泼冷水 (152) 人：人不可貌相，海水不可斗量 (26)；人往 高处走，水往低处流 (67)；人怕出名猪怕 壮 (246)；人算不如天算 (191)；天无绝人 之路 (47)；以其人之道还治其人之身 (36)；对事不对人 (174)；吃水不忘挖井人 (268)；狗眼看人低 (136)；树挪死，人挪活 (464)；咬人的狗不露齿 (481)；谋事在人， 成事在天 (200)；解铃还须系铃人 (51)； 墙倒众人推 (363) 人…事…：对事不对人 (174) 人…天…：人算不如天算 (191) 人才：人往高处走，水往低处流 (67)； 千里马 (326)；门外汉 (294)；浅水养不了 大鱼 (472) 人为：穿小鞋 (321) 仁：不成功，便成仁 (394) 忍耐：小不忍则乱大谋 (166) 刃：双刃剑 (176) 认为：物以稀为贵 (10)

认真：说你胖你就喘 (416)；给个棒槌就当针 (479) 任何：不分青红皂白 (54)；不管三七二十一 (23) 日出：太阳从西边出来 (3) 容：一山不容二虎 (149) 容纳：一山不容二虎 (149) 容颜：岁月是把杀猪刀 (424) 容易：大树底下好乘凉 (249)；小儿科 (78)； 小菜一碟 (2)；小意思 (262)；阎王好见， 小鬼难搪 (468)；明枪易躲，暗箭难防 (199) 揉：眼里揉不得沙子 (150) 肉：手心手背都是肉 (333)；肉烂在锅里 (415)；挂羊头、卖狗肉 (218)；蚂蚱也是肉 (488)；眼中钉、肉中刺 (216)；滚刀肉 (395)；端起碗来吃肉，放下筷子骂娘 (492)；癞蛤蟆想吃天鹅肉 (46) 如：君子之交淡如水 (180)；隔行如隔山 (357) 如意：打如意算盘 (238) 入座：对号入座 (141) 软：吃软饭 (211)；拣软柿子捏 (324) 弱：强将手下无弱兵 (427) 撒：不见兔子不撒鹰 (469) 三：三个女人一台戏 (201)；三个和尚没水吃 (181)；三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮 (40)； 三天打鱼，两天晒网 (60)；三句话不离 本行 (345)；三脚猫 (221)；下三烂 (235)； 新官上任三把火 (140) 三…两…：三天打鱼，两天晒网 (60)； 三长两短 (95)；两面三刀 (403) 三把火：新官上任三把火 (140) 三百：此地无银三百两 (42) 三尺：冰冻三尺，非一日之寒 (130) 三脚猫：三脚猫 (221) 三十：三十年河东，三十年河西 (223) 三十六计：三十六计走为上 (86) 三字经：三字经 (367) 伞：保护伞 (310) 散：天下没有不散的筵席 (13) 散开：树倒猢狲散 (347) 散沙：一盘散沙 (317) 骚气：打不着狐狸惹身骚 (475) 森林：只见树木，不见森林 (454) 僧：不看僧面看佛面 (240)；僧多粥少 (340) 杀：半路杀出个程咬金 (163)；岁月是把杀 猪刀 (424)；杀鸡给猴看 (153)；杀鸡焉用 宰牛刀 (248)；卸磨杀驴 (411) 杀手锏：杀手锏 (172) 沙子：一盘散沙 (317)；眼里揉不得沙子 (150)



Appendix three: Chinese word index  417

傻：二 (290) 晒网：三天打鱼，两天晒网 (60) 山：一山不容二虎 (149)；山中无老虎， 猴子称大王 (247)；车到山前必有路 (82)； 坐山观虎斗 (256)；这山望着那山高 (392)； 到什么山唱什么歌 (466)；留得青山在， 不怕没柴烧 (34)；隔行如隔山 (357) 山芋：烫手的山芋 (277) 善变：变色龙 (378) 善于：会哭的孩子有奶吃 (447) 伤：二虎相争，必有一伤 (349) 伤疤：好了伤疤忘了疼 (178) 伤害：双刃剑 (176) 伤心：不见棺材不落泪 (94) 上：蹬鼻子上脸 (205) 上…下…：上梁不正下梁歪 (115) 上策：三十六计走为上 (86) 上船：上了贼船 (236) 上吊：一棵树上吊死 (112) 上架：赶鸭子上架 (182) 上任：新官上任三把火 (140) 烧：火烧眉毛 (384)；留得青山在，不怕没 柴烧 (34) 少：酒逢知己千杯少 (226)；僧多粥少 (340) 蛇：一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳 (61)；强龙 压不住地头蛇 (391) 舍得：舍不得孩子套不住狼 (217) 社会：出来混的，总要还的 (408) 身…心…：身在曹营心在汉 (230) 身份：多年的媳妇熬成婆 (426) 身体：身在曹营心在汉 (230)；身体是革命的 本钱 (305) 身子：小姐的身子丫鬟的命 (453) 深：酒香不怕巷子深 (301) 什么：林子大了，什么鸟都有 (27)； 到什么山唱什么歌 (466) 慎：一着不慎，满盘皆输 (212) 升级：鸟枪换炮 (477) 生：一回生，二回熟 (279)；龙生龙，凤生凤 (239) 生…熟…：生米做成熟饭 (154) 生动：有鼻子有眼 (202) 生疏：一回生，二回熟 (279) 生育：龙生龙，凤生凤 (239) 生长：有心栽花花不长，无心插柳柳成荫 (118) 声势：雷声大、雨点小 (241) 声誉：酒香不怕巷子深 (301) 绳：一根绳上的蚂蚱 (282) 绳子：一根绳上的蚂蚱 (282) 胜…败…：胜者王侯败者贼 (234)

胜者：胜者王侯败者贼 (234) 失败：成也萧何，败也萧何 (359)； 成事不足，败事有余 (38) 失去：过了这个村，就没这个店 (90) 失势：落水狗 (274)；墙倒众人推 (363) 失手：终日打雁，让雁啄了眼 (495) 失业：铁饭碗 (129) 失真：画虎不成反类犬 (409) 失足：一失足成千古恨 (64) 师傅：乱拳打死老师傅 (491) 虱子：虱子多了不咬，账多了不愁 (484) 施加：己所不欲，勿施于人 (15) 湿：常在河边走，哪有不湿鞋 (220) 十：八九不离十 (122) 十年：一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳 (61) 十万八千：十万八千里 (142) 石：绊脚石 (371) 石头：试金石 (383)；拿鸡蛋碰石头 (244)； 摸着石头过河 (328)；搬起石头砸自己的脚 (71) 时务：识时务者为俊杰 (110) 识别：有眼不识泰山 (120) 实力：胳膊扭不过大腿 (287) 实用：不管黑猫白猫，会捉老鼠就是好猫 (169) 实质：换汤不换药 (197) 拾柴：众人拾柴火焰高 (209) 食物：饥不择食 (173) 蚀：偷鸡不成反蚀把米 (208) 屎：占着茅坑不拉屎 (194)；拉不出屎来怨 茅房 (429)；狗改不了吃屎 (171)；骑脖子 拉屎 (486) 势力：一亩三分地 (358)；东风压倒西风 (423)；独木不成林 (379) 势利：狗眼看人低 (136)；变色龙 (378)； 墙头草 (101)；墙倒众人推 (363) 事：万事俱备，只欠东风 (168) 事端：无风不起浪 (123) 事故：按下葫芦起了瓢 (465) 事关：成也萧何，败也萧何 (359) 事后：马后炮 (158) 事情：无事不登三宝殿 (157)；对事不对人 (174)；成事不足，败事有余 (38)；事后 诸葛亮 (273)；谋事在人，成事在天 (200) 试：试金石 (383) 试金石：试金石 (383) 试探：敲门砖 (382) 柿子：拣软柿子捏 (324) 收获：空手套白狼 (385)；种瓜得瓜， 种豆得豆 (57) 收拾：擦屁股 (417)

418  Appendix three: Chinese word index 手：手心手背都是肉 (333)；烫手的山芋 (277) 手背：手心手背都是肉 (333) 手下：强将手下无弱兵 (427) 手心：手心手背都是肉 (333) 受罚：替罪羊 (102) 受过：背黑锅 (127) 受伤：二虎相争，必有一伤 (349) 瘦：瘦死的骆驼比马大 (231) 疏忽：一着不慎，满盘皆输 (212) 输：一着不慎，满盘皆输 (212) 熟：一回生，二回熟 (279)；煮熟的鸭子飞了 (219) 熟识：一回生，二回熟 (279) 树：一棵树上吊死 (112)；大树底下好乘凉 (249)；树大招风 (225)；树挪死，人挪活 (464)；树倒猢狲散 (347)；树欲静而风不止 (232)；前人栽树，后人乘凉 (295) 树林：林子大了，什么鸟都有 (27)； 独木不成林 (379) 树木：只见树木，不见森林 (454) 树荫：有心栽花花不长，无心插柳柳成荫 (118) 耍：关公面前耍大刀 (297)；耍花枪 (439) 耍花枪：耍花枪 (439) 摔：破罐子破摔 (56) 双：双刃剑 (176)；唱双簧 (308) 双方：一个巴掌拍不响 (79) 双簧：唱双簧 (308) 双刃剑：双刃剑 (176) 爽约：放鸽子 (113) 水：一碗水端平 (276)；人往高处走，水往 低处流 (67)；大水冲了龙王庙 (360)；井水 不犯河水 (111)；白开水 (389)；死猪不怕 开水烫 (196)；远水解不了近渴 (193)； 近水楼台先得月 (103)；君子之交淡如水 (180)；浅水养不了大鱼 (472)；泼冷水 (152)；落水狗 (274)；温水煮青蛙 (462)； 趟浑水 (283) 水漂：打水漂 (314) 说：丑话说在前头 (162)；打开天窗说亮话 (190)；吃不到葡萄就说葡萄酸 (43)； 说你胖你就喘 (416)；说曹操，曹操到 (4)；说得比唱得好听 (68)；睁着眼睛 说瞎话 (8) 说…道…：说一千，道一万 (370) 说话：乌鸦嘴 (5)；说风凉话 (306)； 站着说话不腰疼 (12) 说谎：睁着眼睛说瞎话 (8) 私情：绿帽子 (109) 思想：屁股决定脑袋 (455)

死：一棵树上吊死 (112)；一棍子打死 (243)； 不是鱼死，就是网破 (303)；死马当活马医 (139)；死猪不怕开水烫 (196)；树挪死， 人挪活 (464)；瘦死的骆驼比马大 (231)； 瞎猫碰上死耗子 (49) 死马：死马当活马医 (139) 死心：不到黄河心不死 (134) 四两：四两拨千斤 (266) 松手：不见兔子不撒鹰 (469) 怂恿：敲锣边儿 (458) 诉苦：吃哑巴亏 (215) 速：欲速则不达 (99) 酸：吃不到葡萄就说葡萄酸 (43) 蒜：鸡毛蒜皮 (28) 蒜皮：鸡毛蒜皮 (28) 算：人算不如天算 (191) 算盘：打小算盘 (255)；打如意算盘 (238) 算账：秋后算账 (339) 虽：麻雀虽小，五脏俱全 (164) 随：嫁鸡随鸡，嫁狗随狗 (189) 岁月：岁月是把杀猪刀 (424) 缩：缩头乌龟 (334) 缩头：缩头乌龟 (334) 琐碎：鸡毛蒜皮 (28) 锁：一把钥匙开一把锁 (404) 踏实：一步一个脚印 (114) 台阶：下台阶 (254) 太监：皇上不急太监急 (39) 太阳：太阳从西边出来 (3) 泰山：有眼不识泰山 (120) 贪婪：吃着碗里的，看着锅里的 (24)； 蹬鼻子上脸 (205) 贪心：这山望着那山高 (392) 坛子：醋坛子 (179) 探索：摸着石头过河 (328) 汤药：换汤不换药 (197) 堂：一言堂 (490) 搪塞：打马虎眼 (325) 糖：糖衣炮弹 (346) 糖衣炮弹：糖衣炮弹 (346) 躺：躺着都中枪 (412) 躺枪：躺着都中枪 (412) 烫：死猪不怕开水烫 (196)；烫手的山芋 (277) 烫手：烫手的山芋 (277) 趟：趟浑水 (283) 趟浑水：趟浑水 (283) 逃避：丑媳妇早晚也得见公婆 (233) 逃跑：三十六计走为上 (86) 桃花：走桃花运 (37)



Appendix three: Chinese word index  419

讨好：两面派 (316) 套：舍不得孩子套不住狼 (217)；空手套白狼 (385) 疼：仔卖爷田不心疼 (498)；好了伤疤忘了疼 (178)；站着说话不腰疼 (12) 提：哪壶不开提哪壶 (65) 体谅：饱汉不知饿汉饥 (288) 剃头：剃头挑子一头热 (450) 替：替罪羊 (102) 替代：出气筒 (121) 替人：背黑锅 (127) 替罪羊：替罪羊 (102) 天：人算不如天算 (191)；三天打鱼， 两天晒网 (60)；天无绝人之路 (47)； 天高皇帝远 (323)；当一天和尚撞一天钟 (227)；谋事在人，成事在天 (200) 天窗：打开天窗说亮话 (190) 天鹅：癞蛤蟆想吃天鹅肉 (46) 天鹅肉：癞蛤蟆想吃天鹅肉 (46) 天亮：东方不亮西方亮 (430) 天上：天上掉馅饼 (14) 天下：天下乌鸦一般黑 (133)；天下没有不散 的筵席 (13) 天子：一朝天子一朝臣 (419) 田：仔卖爷田不心疼 (498)；肥水不流外人田 (52) 甜：打一巴掌，给个甜枣 (405)；强扭的瓜 不甜 (69) 填补：拆东墙，补西墙 (350) 挑：鸡蛋里挑骨头 (83)；横挑鼻子竖挑眼 (399) 挑刺：鸡蛋里挑骨头 (83) 挑剔：眼里揉不得沙子 (150)；横挑鼻子 竖挑眼 (399) 挑战：唱对台戏 (376) 挑子：剃头挑子一头热 (450)；撂挑子 (381) 条件：巧妇难为无米之炊 (187) 调停：和稀泥 (318) 跳：鸡飞狗跳 (272)；跳进黄河洗不清 (17)； 鲤鱼跳龙门 (390) 跳进：跳进黄河洗不清 (17) 跳墙：狗急了跳墙 (135) 贴：热脸贴冷屁股 (177) 铁：恨铁不成钢 (88)；铁公鸡 (156)； 铁饭碗 (129) 铁公鸡：铁公鸡 (156) 听：听风就是雨 (213) 听天由命：嫁鸡随鸡，嫁狗随狗 (189) 停止：树欲静而风不止 (232)；一不做， 二不休 (106) 挺不住：掉链子 (159)

通奸：绿帽子 (109) 捅：捅马蜂窝 (261)；捅破窗户纸 (366) 捅破：捅破窗户纸 (366) 痛：长痛不如短痛 (300)；头痛医头， 脚痛医脚 (428) 痛苦：长痛不如短痛 (300) 偷：偷鸡不成反蚀把米 (208)；偷鸡摸狗 (138) 偷摸：偷鸡摸狗 (138) 偷听：隔墙有耳 (186) 头：一头雾水 (356)；牛不喝水强按头 (441)； 挂羊头、卖狗肉 (218)；缩头乌龟 (334) 头…脚…：头痛医头，脚痛医脚 (428) 头痛：头痛医头，脚痛医脚 (428) 投机：酒逢知己千杯少 (226) 投入：种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆 (57) 投医：病急乱投医 (237) 透风：没有不透风的墙 (245) 秃子：指着和尚骂秃子 (487) 土：土包子 (224) 土包子：土包子 (224) 土气：土包子 (224) 吐：狗嘴里吐不出象牙 (59) 兔子：不见兔子不撒鹰 (469)；兔子不吃 窝边草 (128)；兔子尾巴长不了 (456) 团结：一盘散沙 (317) 推：墙倒众人推 (363) 推磨：有钱能使鬼推磨 (92) 推诿：三个和尚没水吃 (181) 腿：扯后腿 (320)；狗腿子 (284)；胳膊扭 不过大腿 (287) 退出：打退堂鼓 (146) 退堂：打退堂鼓 (146) 脱：脱了裤子放屁 (387) 挖井：吃水不忘挖井人 (268) 歪：上梁不正下梁歪 (115)；歪瓜裂枣 (354)； 脚正不怕鞋歪 (413) 外：门外汉 (294) 外表：人不可貌相，海水不可斗量 (26) 外界：树欲静而风不止 (232) 外来：远来的和尚会念经 (451) 外流：肥水不流外人田 (52) 外人：肥水不流外人田 (52) 外扬：家丑不可外扬 (126) 外因：树欲静而风不止 (232) 完备：麻雀虽小，五脏俱全 (164) 完成：八字还没一撇 (119) 晚：起大早，赶晚集 (474) 碗：一碗水端平 (276)；吃着碗里的，看着 锅里的 (24)；铁饭碗 (129)；端起碗来吃肉， 放下筷子骂娘 (492)

420  Appendix three: Chinese word index 万：万事俱备，只欠东风 (168) 万金油：万金油 (463) 万一：不怕一万，就怕万一 (21) 王侯：胜者王侯败者贼 (234) 王婆：王婆卖瓜，自卖自夸 (11) 网：不是鱼死，就是网破 (303) 往外：胳膊肘往外扭 (299) 忘：好了伤疤忘了疼 (178) 忘记：吃水不忘挖井人 (268) 望：这山望着那山高 (392) 危急：病急乱投医 (237) 危险：上刀山，下火海 (145) 威严：下马威 (132) 微薄：独木不成林 (379) 为难：赶鸭子上架 (182) 伪装：咬人的狗不露齿 (481) 尾巴：兔子尾巴长不了 (456)；狐狸尾巴 露出来了 (352) 猥琐男：鲜花插在牛粪上 (29) 卫星：放卫星 (432) 位置：一个萝卜一个坑 (311)；占着茅坑不 拉屎 (194) 畏缩：前怕狼，后怕虎 (267) 胃口：卖关子 (72) 温水：温水煮青蛙 (462) 文章：做文章 (336) 翁：不倒翁 (270)；醉翁之意不在酒 (30) 窝：一窝蜂 (331)；兔子不吃窝边草 (128)； 捅马蜂窝 (261) 窝案：拔出萝卜带出泥 (460) 窝边草：兔子不吃窝边草 (128) 乌龟：缩头乌龟 (334) 乌龙：摆乌龙 (442) 乌鸦：天下乌鸦一般黑 (133)；乌鸦嘴 (5)； 老鸹嫌猪黑 (496) 乌鸦嘴：乌鸦嘴 (5) 污蔑：脚正不怕鞋歪 (413) 污染：常在河边走，哪有不湿鞋 (220) 巫师：小巫见大巫 (104) 诬陷：扣帽子 (459) 屋子：屋漏偏逢连阴雨 (259) 无：天无绝人之路 (47)；无风不起浪 (123)； 无事不登三宝殿 (157)；有心栽花花不长， 无心插柳柳成荫 (118)；此地无银三百两 (42)；花无百日红 (422)；苍蝇不叮无缝的 蛋 (368)；强将手下无弱兵 (427) 无常：三十年河东，三十年河西 (223) 无耻：睁着眼睛说瞎话 (8) 无价值：鸡毛蒜皮 (28) 无赖：滚刀肉 (395) 无趣：白开水 (389)

无望：死马当活马医 (139) 无心：有心栽花花不长，无心插柳柳成荫 (118) 无意：有心栽花花不长，无心插柳柳成荫 (118) 五十：五十步笑百步 (293)；各打五十大板 (443) 五脏：麻雀虽小，五脏俱全 (164) 勿：己所不欲，勿施于人 (15) 物：物以稀为贵 (10) 物极必反：虱子多了不咬，账多了不愁 (484) 误会：大水冲了龙王庙 (360) 雾水：一头雾水 (356) 西边：太阳从西边出来 (3) 西方：东方不亮西方亮 (430) 西风：东风压倒西风 (423) 西施：情人眼里出西施 (19) 吸收：远来的和尚会念经 (451) 希望：己所不欲，勿施于人 (15)；天无绝人 之路 (47)；车到山前必有路 (82) 稀泥：和稀泥 (318) 稀少：物以稀为贵 (10) 媳妇：丑媳妇早晚也得见公婆 (233)；多年的 媳妇熬成婆 (426) 洗：萝卜快了不洗泥 (499)；跳进黄河洗不清 (17) 喜好：萝卜白菜，各有所爱 (58) 喜新厌旧：家花没有野花香 (436) 戏：三个女人一台戏 (201)；好戏在后头 (97)；唱对台戏 (376) 戏耍：放鸽子 (113) 系：解铃还须系铃人 (51) 瞎：睁眼瞎 (16)；瞎猫碰上死耗子 (49) 瞎话：睁着眼睛说瞎话 (8) 瞎猫：瞎猫碰上死耗子 (49) 狭隘：钻牛角尖 (25) 下贱：又想当婊子又想立牌坊 (437)； 下三烂 (235) 下降：萝卜快了不洗泥 (499) 下马威：下马威 (132) 下三烂：下三烂 (235) 下台阶：下台阶 (254) 下一步：骑马找马 (457) 下一代：龙生龙，凤生凤 (239) 下雨：干打雷，不下雨 (271) 吓唬：唱空城计 (400) 先：出头的椽子先烂 (493)；先君子后小人 (406)；近水楼台先得月 (103) 先…后…：先君子后小人 (406) 先发：起大早，赶晚集 (474)

先决条件：敲门砖 (382) 先验：事后诸葛亮 (273) 鲜花：鲜花插在牛粪上 (29) 咸鱼：咸鱼翻身 (281) 嫌：老鸹嫌猪黑 (496) 显眼：树大招风 (225) 限制：巧妇难为无米之炊 (187) 线：放长线，钓大鱼 (184) 馅饼：天上掉馅饼 (14) 羡慕：羡慕嫉妒恨 (374)；人怕出名猪怕壮 (246) 相爱：情人眼里出西施 (19) 相差：十万八千里 (142) 相处：一山不容二虎 (149) 相当于：三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮 (40) 相关：风马牛不相及 (148) 相貌：人不可貌相，海水不可斗量 (26) 相同：手心手背都是肉 (333)；背着抱着 一般沉 (489) 香：吃别人嚼过的馍不香 (473)；吃香的， 喝辣的 (77)；酒香不怕巷子深 (301)； 家花没有野花香 (436) 响：一个巴掌拍不响 (79) 想：癞蛤蟆想吃天鹅肉 (46) 想得开：拿得起，放得下 (35) 项羽：鸿门宴 (214) 巷子：酒香不怕巷子深 (301) 象牙：狗嘴里吐不出象牙 (59) 萧何：成也萧何，败也萧何 (359) 小：小白脸 (183)；小动作 (192)； 小辫子 (355)；眼大肚子小 (471)； 麻雀虽小，五脏俱全 (164)； 雷声大、雨点小 (241) 小…大…：小不忍则乱大谋 (166)；小巫见 大巫 (104) 小白脸：小白脸 (183) 小菜：小菜一碟 (2) 小动作：小动作 (192) 小儿：小儿科 (78) 小儿科：小儿科 (78) 小鬼：阎王好见，小鬼难搪 (468) 小姐：小姐的身子丫鬟的命 (453) 小气：铁公鸡 (156) 小巧：麻雀虽小，五脏俱全 (164) 小人：以小人之心，度君子之腹 (81)； 先君子后小人 (406) 小鞋：穿小鞋 (321) 小意思：小菜一碟 (2)；小意思 (262) 笑：皮笑肉不笑 (175)；笑面虎 (289)； 笑掉大牙 (278) 笑掉：笑掉大牙 (278)

Appendix three: Chinese word index  421 笑面虎：笑面虎 (289) 鞋：光脚的不怕穿鞋的 (393)；穿小鞋 (321)； 常在河边走，哪有不湿鞋 (220) 泄漏：没有不透风的墙 (245) 卸：卸磨杀驴 (411) 谢：脚正不怕鞋歪 (413) 心：刀子嘴，豆腐心 (63)；不到黄河心不死 (134)；心有余而力不足 (53)；心急吃不了 热豆腐 (44)；以小人之心，度君子之腹 (81)；仔卖爷田不心疼 (498) 心病：眼中钉、肉中刺 (216) 心急：心急吃不了热豆腐 (44)； 一口吃成个胖子 (258)；欲速则不达 (99) 心软：刀子嘴，豆腐心 (63) 心思：身在曹营心在汉 (230) 新：新官上任三把火 (140) 新…旧…：旧瓶装新酒 (402) 新官：新官上任三把火 (140) 新颖：吃别人嚼过的馍不香 (473) 新政：新官上任三把火 (140) 形式：旧瓶装新酒 (402)；走过场 (335) 形势：识时务者为俊杰 (110) 凶恶：咬人的狗不露齿 (481) 熊掌：鱼与熊掌不可得兼 (280) 休：一不做，二不休 (106) 须：解铃还须系铃人 (51) 虚假：皮笑肉不笑 (175) 虚实：指着和尚骂秃子 (487) 虚伪：打肿脸充胖子 (85)；笑面虎 (289) 许诺：开空白支票 (309) 宣扬：家丑不可外扬 (126) 悬念：葫芦里卖的是什么药 (344) 选拔：矬子里拔将军 (478) 选择：饥不择食 (173) 炫耀：关公面前耍大刀 (297) 丫环：小姐的身子丫鬟的命 (453) 丫鬟：小姐的身子丫鬟的命 (453) 压倒：东风压倒西风 (423) 压制：强龙压不住地头蛇 (391) 鸭：鸡同鸭讲 (433) 鸭子：赶鸭子上架 (182)；煮熟的鸭子飞了 (219) 牙：以牙还牙，以眼还眼 (107)；打掉门牙往 肚里咽 (375)；老掉牙 (70)；笑掉大牙 (278) 牙膏：挤牙膏 (362) 哑巴：吃哑巴亏 (215) 咽：打掉门牙往肚里咽 (375) 焉：不入虎穴，焉得虎子 (116)；杀鸡焉用 宰牛刀 (248)

422  Appendix three: Chinese word index 严谨：丁是丁，卯是卯 (425) 严肃：丁是丁，卯是卯 (425) 言：一言堂 (490) 阎王：阎王好见，小鬼难搪 (468) 筵席：天下没有不散的筵席 (13) 颜色：给他一点颜色看看 (322) 掩藏：纸包不住火 (96) 掩盖：此地无银三百两 (42)；家丑不可外扬 (126) 掩饰：耍花枪 (439) 眼：以牙还牙，以眼还眼 (107)；打马虎眼 (325)；狗眼看人低 (136)；终日打雁， 让雁啄了眼 (495)；睁一只眼，闭一只眼 (55)；睁眼瞎 (16)；眼大肚子小 (471)； 眼不见为净 (32)；眼中钉、肉中刺 (216)； 眼里揉不得沙子 (150)；情人眼里出西施 (19)；横挑鼻子竖挑眼 (399) 眼睛：有眼不识泰山 (120)；有鼻子有眼 (202)；红眼病 (343)；睁着眼睛说瞎话 (8) 眼镜：大跌眼镜 (369) 眼泪：不见棺材不落泪 (94) 眼里：情人眼里出西施 (19) 眼前：火烧眉毛 (384)；好汉不吃眼前亏 (50)；眼不见为净 (32) 演戏：唱双簧 (308) 艳遇：走桃花运 (37) 宴：鸿门宴 (214) 宴席：天下没有不散的筵席 (13) 雁：终日打雁，让雁啄了眼 (495) 央求：求爷爷、告奶奶 (373) 羊：一只羊是赶，一群羊也是放 (483)； 羊毛出在羊身上 (257)；挂羊头、卖狗肉 (218)；替罪羊 (102) 羊毛：羊毛出在羊身上 (257) 羊头：挂羊头、卖狗肉 (218) 阳关道：你走你的阳关道，我过我的独木桥 (89) 养：浅水养不了大鱼 (472) 妖媚：狐狸精 (161) 要挟：敲竹杠 (319) 腰：拔根汗毛比腰粗 (467)；站着说话不腰疼 (12) 腰疼：站着说话不腰疼 (12) 遥远：十万八千里 (142)；猴年马月 (31)； 天高皇帝远 (323) 咬：一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳 (61)；狗咬狗 (312)；虱子多了不咬，账多了不愁 (484)； 咬人的狗不露齿 (481) 咬人：咬人的狗不露齿 (481) 药：换汤不换药 (197)；葫芦里卖的是什么药 (344)

钥匙：一把钥匙开一把锁 (404) 爷：仔卖爷田不心疼 (498) 爷爷：求爷爷、告奶奶 (373) 野花：家花没有野花香 (436) 夜：开夜车 (332) 一：一回生，二回熟 (279)；一是一，二是二 (252) 一…二…：一山不容二虎 (149)；一不做， 二不休 (106)；一回生，二回熟 (279)； 一是一，二是二 (252) 一把：眉毛胡子一把抓 (207) 一百：五十步笑百步 (293) 一般：天下乌鸦一般黑 (133)；背着抱着 一般沉 (489) 一旦：一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳 (61) 一定：二虎相争，必有一伤 (349) 一分：一分钱一分货 (73) 一概：一棍子打死 (243) 一律：一刀切 (401) 一千：说一千，道一万 (370) 一群：一只羊是赶，一群羊也是放 (483) 一条龙：一条龙 (265) 一头：剃头挑子一头热 (450) 一万：不怕一万，就怕万一 (21)；说一千， 道一万 (370) 一窝端：一锅端 (434) 一窝蜂：一窝蜂 (331) 一言堂：一言堂 (490) 一样：天下乌鸦一般黑 (133) 医生：久病成良医 (396)；病急乱投医 (237) 医治：头痛医头，脚痛医脚 (428)；死马当 活马医 (139) 依附：吃软饭 (211) 依照：依葫芦画瓢 (185) 姨：七大姑，八大姨 (251) 遗传：有其父必有其子 (93) 遗憾：一失足成千古恨 (64) 以：以小人之心，度君子之腹 (81)；以牙 还牙，以眼还眼 (107)；以其人之道还治其 人之身 (36) 以…为…：物以稀为贵 (10) 以后：事后诸葛亮 (273) 以偏概全：一棍子打死 (243) 义务：当一天和尚撞一天钟 (227) 异想天开：癞蛤蟆想吃天鹅肉 (46) 意外：三长两短 (95)；大跌眼镜 (369)； 不怕一万，就怕万一 (21)； 半路杀出个程咬金 (163) 银子：此地无银三百两 (42) 隐藏：狐狸尾巴露出来了 (352) 英雄：英雄难过美人关 (62)



Appendix three: Chinese word index  423

英勇：过五关、斩六将 (372) 应对：阎王好见，小鬼难搪 (468) 硬：硬骨头 (348) 硬骨头：硬骨头 (348) 勇敢：上刀山，下火海 (145) 用：用在刀刃上 (285) 优劣：尺有所短，寸有所长 (407) 优势：近水楼台先得月 (103) 优秀：久病成良医 (396) 优越：吃香的，喝辣的 (77) 油灯：不是省油的灯 (125) 油滑：老油条 (260)；耍花枪 (439) 油条：老油条 (260) 鱿鱼：炒鱿鱼 (66) 有：有仇不报非君子 (269)；有奶就是娘 (414)；有其父必有其子 (93)；有钱能使 鬼推磨 (92)；有眼不识泰山 (120)；有鼻子 有眼 (202)；林子大了，什么鸟都有 (27) 有理：公说公有理，婆说婆有理 (144) 有钱：有钱能使鬼推磨 (92) 有市场：皇帝女儿不愁嫁 (418) 有恃无恐：皇帝女儿不愁嫁 (418) 有心：有心栽花花不长，无心插柳柳成荫 (118) 有余：成事不足，败事有余 (38) 又…又…：又要马儿跑，又要马儿不吃草 (440)；又想当婊子又想立牌坊 (437) 诱惑：狐狸精 (161) 鱼：大鱼吃小鱼 (351)；不是鱼死，就是网破 (303)；鱼与熊掌不可得兼 (280)；放长线， 钓大鱼 (184)；浅水养不了大鱼 (472)； 鲤鱼跳龙门 (390) 鱼…水…：浅水养不了大鱼 (472) 渔利：坐山观虎斗 (256) 愚蠢：二 (290)；二百五 (6)；活人让尿憋死 (420) 愚钝：有眼不识泰山 (120) 雨：听风就是雨 (213)；屋漏偏逢连阴雨 (259)；雷声大、雨点小 (241) 雨点：雷声大、雨点小 (241) 预测：乌鸦嘴 (5)；事后诸葛亮 (273) 欲：树欲静而风不止 (232)；欲速则不达 (99) 欲望：眼大肚子小 (471) 遇到：屋漏偏逢连阴雨 (259) 冤枉：别人牵驴你拔橛 (497) 原则：到什么山唱什么歌 (466) 远：远来的和尚会念经 (451) 远…近…：远水解不了近渴 (193)； 远亲不如近邻 (131) 远亲：七大姑，八大姨 (251) 怨：拉不出屎来怨茅房 (429)

月亮：近水楼台先得月 (103) 允许：只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯 (137) 砸：砸了锅 (446)；搬起石头砸自己的脚 (71) 砸锅：砸了锅 (446) 栽倒：吃一堑，长一智 (7) 栽花：有心栽花花不长，无心插柳柳成荫 (118) 栽树：前人栽树，后人乘凉 (295) 仔：仔卖爷田不心疼 (498) 宰：杀鸡焉用宰牛刀 (248) 再起：留得青山在，不怕没柴烧 (34) 在于：谋事在人，成事在天 (200) 攒：攒鸡毛，凑掸子 (485) 早…晚…：起大早，赶晚集 (474) 早晚：丑媳妇早晚也得见公婆 (233) 枣：打一巴掌，给个甜枣 (405)；歪瓜裂枣 (354) 造福：前人栽树，后人乘凉 (295) 则：欲速则不达 (99) 责备：倒打一耙 (263) 责任：三个和尚没水吃 (181)；不当家不知 柴米贵 (342) 贼：上了贼船 (236)；胜者王侯败者贼 (234) 怎么：不入虎穴，焉得虎子 (116) 增长：吃一堑，长一智 (7) 扎实：一步一个脚印 (114)；三脚猫 (221) 债务：拆东墙，补西墙 (350) 斩：过五关、斩六将 (372)；快刀斩乱麻 (210) 占便宜：吃豆腐 (206)；偷鸡不成反蚀把米 (208)；得便宜卖乖 (124) 占据：占着茅坑不拉屎 (194) 站：站着说话不腰疼 (12) 张扬：枪打出头鸟 (203) 章法：乱拳打死老师傅 (491) 账：虱子多了不咬，账多了不愁 (484)； 秋后算账 (339) 招风：树大招风 (225) 招架：阎王好见，小鬼难搪 (468) 朝：一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳 (61) 找：骑马找马 (457) 找碴：鸡蛋里挑骨头 (83) 找麻烦：做文章 (336) 照顾：开绿灯 (353) 遮：遮羞布 (438) 遮羞：遮羞布 (438) 遮羞布：遮羞布 (438) 折兵：赔了夫人又折兵 (117) 这：过了这个村，就没这个店 (90) 这…那…：这山望着那山高 (392)

424  Appendix three: Chinese word index 着数：一着不慎，满盘皆输 (212) 贞洁：又想当婊子又想立牌坊 (437) 针：给个棒槌就当针 (479) 针对：对事不对人 (174) 珍惜：仔卖爷田不心疼 (498) 真金：真金不怕火炼 (170) 真相：露马脚 (143) 真正：君子之交淡如水 (180) 枕边风：枕边风 (397) 枕头：枕边风 (397) 争：二虎相争，必有一伤 (349) 争吵：脸红脖子粗 (242) 睁：睁一只眼，闭一只眼 (55)；睁眼瞎 (16)； 睁着眼睛说瞎话 (8) 睁眼瞎：睁眼瞎 (16) 正：上梁不正下梁歪 (115)；脚正不怕鞋歪 (413) 正直：脚正不怕鞋歪 (413) 支票：开空白支票 (309) 只：万事俱备，只欠东风 (168)；只见树木， 不见森林 (454)；只许州官放火，不许百姓 点灯 (137) 芝麻：陈芝麻、烂谷子 (264) 知道：不当家不知柴米贵 (342) 知己：酒逢知己千杯少 (226) 直接：打开天窗说亮话 (190) 直说：捅破窗户纸 (366) 纸：纸包不住火 (96)；纸老虎 (160)； 捅破窗户纸 (366) 纸老虎：纸老虎 (160) 指：指着和尚骂秃子 (487) 制服：紧箍咒 (307) 质变：鲤鱼跳龙门 (390) 质量：一分钱一分货 (73)；萝卜快了不洗泥 (499) 治：以其人之道还治其人之身 (36) 智慧：吃一堑，长一智 (7) 中枪：躺着都中枪 (412) 中伤：明枪易躲，暗箭难防 (199) 忠于：身在曹营心在汉 (230)；脚踩两只船 (41) 终究：跑了和尚跑不了庙 (108)；躲得过 初一，躲不过十五 (76) 终日：终日打雁，让雁啄了眼 (495) 钟：当一天和尚撞一天钟 (227) 种：种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆 (57) 众人：众人拾柴火焰高 (209)；墙倒众人推 (363) 州官：只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯 (137) 周瑜：既生瑜，何生亮？ (380) 粥：僧多粥少 (340)

咒：紧箍咒 (307) 朱：近朱者赤，近墨者黑 (9) 诸葛亮：三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮 (40)； 事后诸葛亮 (273)；既生瑜，何生亮？ (380)；唱空城计 (400) 猪：人怕出名猪怕壮 (246)；老鸹嫌猪黑 (496)；死猪不怕开水烫 (196)；岁月是把 杀猪刀 (424) 竹杠：敲竹杠 (319) 主次：眉毛胡子一把抓 (207) 主妇：巧妇难为无米之炊 (187) 主人：打狗还得看主人 (167) 煮：煮熟的鸭子飞了 (219)；温水煮青蛙 (462) 注定：谋事在人，成事在天 (200)； 嫁鸡随鸡，嫁狗随狗 (189) 抓：眉毛胡子一把抓 (207) 抓住：揪辫子 (452) 专业：半路出家 (329) 砖：敲门砖 (382) 装：旧瓶装新酒 (402) 壮：人怕出名猪怕壮 (246) 撞钟：当一天和尚撞一天钟 (227) 捉：不管黑猫白猫，会捉老鼠就是好猫 (169) 捉弄：既生瑜，何生亮？ (380) 捉住：空手套白狼 (385) 啄：终日打雁，让雁啄了眼 (495) 子：虎毒不食子 (165) 自暴自弃：破罐子破摔 (56) 自不量力；关公面前耍大刀 (297) 自残：二虎相争，必有一伤 (349)； 狗咬狗 (312) 自己：双刃剑 (176)；己所不欲，勿施于人 (15)；王婆卖瓜，自卖自夸 (11)； 搬起石头砸自己的脚 (71) 自救：树倒猢狲散 (347) 自身：以其人之道还治其人之身 (36)； 羊毛出在羊身上 (257) 自私：打小算盘 (255) 自相矛盾：摆乌龙 (442) 自知：老鸹嫌猪黑 (496) 自作自受：搬起石头砸自己的脚 (71) 总要：出来混的，总要还的 (408) 总账：秋后算账 (339) 走：一条路走到黑 (302)；人往高处走， 水往低处流 (67)；三十六计走为上 (86)； 吃不了兜着走 (84)；走后门 (48)；走着瞧 (22)；你走你的阳关道，我过我的独木桥 (89)；常在河边走，哪有不湿鞋 (220) 走过场：走过场 (335) 走后门：走后门 (48)

走马灯：走马灯 (421) 走思：开小差 (315) 走运：走桃花运 (37) 走着瞧：走着瞧 (22) 阻碍：绊脚石 (371) 祖辈：仔卖爷田不心疼 (498) 钻：钻牛角尖 (25) 嘴：刀子嘴，豆腐心 (63)；乌鸦嘴 (5)； 满嘴跑火车 (461) 嘴里：狗嘴里吐不出象牙 (59) 嘴硬：刀子嘴，豆腐心 (63)

Appendix three: Chinese word index  425 罪：替罪羊 (102) 醉：醉翁之意不在酒 (30) 醉翁：醉翁之意不在酒 (30) 醉翁之意：醉翁之意不在酒 (30) 作为：占着茅坑不拉屎 (194) 坐：坐山观虎斗 (256)；坐冷板凳 (341) 座位：对号入座 (141) 做：一不做，二不休 (106)；做文章 (336) 做成：生米做成熟饭 (154) 做梦：天上掉馅饼 (14) 做文章：做文章 (336)