1 Clement: A Reader's Edition 0813232368, 9780813232362

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1 CLEMENT

Copyright © 2020 The Catholic University of America Press All rights reserved The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standards for Information Science—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ansi z39.48-1984. ∞ isbn 978-0-8132-3236-2 The publisher thanks the author for preparing the camera-ready copy from which this book was produced.

1 CLEMENT A Reader’s Edition

Theodore A. Bergren

The Catholic University of America Press Washington, D.C.

Table of Contents

Introduction

vii

Acknowledgments

xii

1 Clement

2

Dictionary of Words Occurring Frequently In Early Christian Greek Literature

173

Scriptural Quotations and Allusions in 1 Clement

187

Bibliography

191

Introduction The document known as 1 Clement is a lengthy, hortatory letter written in Greek from the Christian community in Rome to the community in Corinth. It dates from the latter decades of the first century CE, perhaps specifically from between 95 and 98 CE. The occasion for the letter was a reported situation of turmoil in the Corinthian church: apparently a group of younger members had succeeded in marginalizing and deposing from office some of the older members who held positions in the established church hierarchy, specifically in the office of presbyter/elder (44:5-6; 47:6; 54:2; 57:1). The issue or issues that motivated the rebellion are uncertain; the letter is conspicuously reticent in this regard. It is said only that the dissenters are a small group (1:1; 47:6) inspired by jealousy, arrogance, and an unseemly desire for status and power (3:4; 57:2; 63:2). The letter’s author labels the rebelling party a “schism” (46:9; 54:2) and a “vile and profane faction” (1:1; cf. 46:5-9; 47:6; 51:1; 57:1; 63:1), going so far as to accuse the dissenters of being motivated by Satan (51:1). Adopting a decidedly parental tone, 1 Clement chides the rebellers, urging them, for the sake of church unity, to restore the elders to their positions, recognize and submit to their authority, repent (51:1; 57:1-2; 63:1-2), and even submit to voluntary exile from Corinth (54:2; 55:1). In this regard the letter seeks to strengthen the authority and stability of the offices that made up the church hierarchy: bishop, presbyter/elder, and deacon (42:4-5; 44:1-4). In the course of the letter, in order to bolster its exhortation, the author consistently lauds the virtues of love, harmony, compassion, self-control, hospitality, toleration, unity, cooperation, repentance, obedience, faith, humility, peace, fear of God, and submission to God’s will. These virtues are contrasted to the undesirable values of discord, jealousy, disharmony, envy, pride, duplicity, strife, rebellion, and disorder, values that the dissenters are accused of harboring. In framing his argument, the author of 1 Clement makes frequent use of concrete examples from the biblical tradition, citing scriptural passages

viii

1 clement

drawn mainly from the Septuagint (the early Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible). He also seems to be familiar with several early Christian documents presently included in the New Testament canon, including 1 Corinthians, Romans, Ephesians, Hebrews, and various gospel traditions. A complete list of scriptural quotations and allusions in 1 Clement is provided at the end of this volume. The compositional outline of the letter is fairly clear. After a brief salutation, chapters 1-3 describe the past and present situation in Corinth, as perceived by the Roman author, and present the occasion for the writing of the letter: the understood situation of discord and factional strife in the Corinthian church. Chapters 4-39 proceed to offer a compendium of Christian virtues and vices, again as perceived by the Roman author, as they pertain to the situation in Corinth. This compendium is replete with concrete illustrations drawn mainly from the Jewish scriptures, featuring characters ranging from Cain and Abel to Daniel. In chapters 40-61, the author returns to the situation in Corinth, chastising the rebelling party and offering strongly worded advice about how the untenable situation there should be resolved (see above). Finally, chapters 62-65 recapitulate the body of the letter and offer concluding remarks. The anonymous letter is clearly the work of one author, but his identity is uncertain. Tradition consistently identifies him as one Clement, an early bishop of Rome (cf. Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 3.15-16; 4.22.1-3; lrenaeus, Adv. haer. 3.3.3; Tertullian, Praescr. 32; Hermas Vision 2.4.3; and numerous citations by Clement of Alexandria). This identification, however, cannot be documented. All that can be said for certain is that this individual held a position of responsibility in the Roman church in the late first century. 1 Clement was read publicly in the Corinthian church in the mid­­­– second century (cf. Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.23.11) and soon came to be regarded as doctrinally authoritative in Christian churches in various regions, including Egypt and Syria. For example, 1 Clement, together with a short, anonymous early Christian homily now known as 2 Clement, appears at the end of the renowned Egyptian Greek biblical codex Alexandrinus (fifth century), following the book of Revelation. Alexandrinus contains the entirety of the Old and New Testaments in Greek (with a few gaps), and the inclusion of 1 and 2 Clement in the codex implies a “scriptural” status for these two documents. The quotations by Clement of Alexandria also treat the work as canonical. 1 Clement is found preceding the book of Revelation in a twelfth-century Syriac codex that contains mainly biblical material (see below), appears directly after

a reader’s edition

ix

the “canonical” books in the seventh-century “Strasbourg” Coptic biblical manuscript (see below), and is explicitly listed as canonical in Canon 85 of the “Canons of the Apostles” (ca. 380 CE, from Syria). Together with the Didache, an early Christian manual of practice, 1 Clement is clearly one of the earliest preserved Christian documents not included in the New Testament canon. In fact, if 1 Clement does date from the end of the first century, it is contemporary with or earlier than a number of the later New Testament writings, including the Pastoral letters (1 and 2 Timothy, Titus) and 1 and 2 Peter.

evidence for the text of 1 clement The text of 1 Clement is attested in eight codices covering four language traditions: Greek, Latin, Syriac, and Coptic. In the Greek codex Alexandrinus, described above, the text has a gap in chapters 57:7-63:4. 1 Clement also appears, in full, in the Greek codex Hierosolymitanus 54 (1056 CE). An early Latin translation, dating probably from the second or third century, is found in the eleventh­-century manuscript Seminaire 37, presently in Namur, Belgium. In Syriac, the book is attested in an 1169 CE New Testament codex from Edessa whose text was probably translated in the eighth century; a codex from Tur ‘Abdin (1895 CE); and an additional codex from 1899 CE. In Coptic, there exist an incomplete version in a seventh-century Akhmimic papyrus biblical codex presently in Strasbourg and an incomplete, fourth-century Akhmimic papyrus codex from the monastery of Shenute in Egypt (presently in Berlin).

the present “reader’s edition” The present volume is a “reader’s edition” of 1 Clement, designed specifically for rapid reading and for classroom use. On each left-facing page is printed a running, sequential section of Greek text. (The text is reprinted from the 1890 edition of J.B. Lightfoot, with some emendations.) Next to that, on each right-facing page, are recorded all of the more unusual words in that section of Greek text, with dictionary form, part of speech, and definition(s). In a representative sampling of compound Greek words, the word is divided into its constituent parts. All of the more common words in that same section of Greek text are included in a comprehensive glossary at the end of the book. This system, then, is designed so that the reader of the Greek text will not have to stop to look up every unusual Greek word in a printed or online dictionary. He or she will simply have to look to the facing page.

x

1 clement

Such constant lookups in a printed or online dictionary are tedious and time-consuming, especially if the text is difficult, and have little pedagogical value. Since in the present edition the words recorded on the right-facing page are not parsed, the reader is still faced with the challenge of parsing the word and determining its precise place in the overall structure of the sentence. It is this process that does serve a useful pedagogical purpose, and the present system preserves the challenge of this process. Similar “reader’s editions” of the Hebrew Bible and the Greek New Testament have recently been published by Hendrickson Publishers and by the United Bible Societies respectively (Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia: A Reader’s Edition, edited by Donald R. Vance, George Athas, and Yael Avrahami; Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson, 2015; The UBS Greek New Testament: A Reader’s Edition, edited by Barclay M. Newman and Florian Voss; Stuttgart: German Bible Society, 2015). Thus the present work serves in some sense as a continuation of those projects, fulfilling similar pedagogical and practical purposes but applied to a new body of literature.

why 1 clement? One natural question that arises in connection with the present volume is this: What is the value of a reader’s edition of 1 Clement in particular? Much of the potential audience for a volume like this will be students enrolled in Koine Greek classes in universities, seminaries, and divinity schools. Many such students will have a particular interest in the New Testament and in the history of early Christianity. Those who teach in such institutions will realize the value of their students being exposed to literary documents and historical events outside of the range of the New Testament proper. The early Christian movement produced a plethora of literature not included in the New Testament canon, and 1 Clement is an ideal example of a noncanonical writing that illuminates a crucial issue and a crucial period in the history of the early church. Becoming familiar with a document like 1 Clement will expand the historical and ideological horizons of the student, making him or her more sensitive to the full range of early Christian experience. At the same time, the vocabulary, grammar, and style of 1 Clement are relatively similar to those that characterize the New Testament documents. 1 Clement is written in the style of Koine Greek—like the New Testament, but unlike much of patristic theology, which is written

a reader’s edition

xi

in imitation of a higher, Attic style. This makes it an excellent “jumpingoff” point for students who are already somewhat familiar with New Testament Greek, but who wish to move into new territory. 1 Clement has the added advantage of containing numerous, lengthy quotations of the Septuagint, the early Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible. Thus students reading 1 Clement will at the same time gain valuable experience in reading Septuagintal Greek. One additional point is subtle, but significant. Especially in Christian educational institutions, many students will be intimately familiar with the text of the New Testament. Thus, when they “read” the New Testament in Greek, they are often not reading, but remembering a familiar text. This situation eliminates the challenge of genuinely confronting an unfamiliar text in a foreign language that they wish to master. In the case of 1 Clement, on the other hand, few if any students will be familiar with the text, making it a true challenge.

why a print edition? Another natural question that should be addressed here is this: In an age dominated by the Internet and by online resources, what is the role and value of a printed reader’s edition? First, this book is intended largely as a textbook, and thus for classroom use. In general, teachers of classes in Koine Greek tend to use textbooks, rather than conducting classes with each of the students using a computer. This is because each student will have a different type of computer, with different hardware and software. Rather, for a coherent class experience, the teacher will want every student to “be on the same page,” so to speak. She or he will want to be able to say, “Turn to page 54, line 6, and let’s begin from there.” This is only possible with a printed text. Second, even online resources containing the Greek text of 1 Clement tend to require a fair amount of additional effort for vocabulary lookups and the like. Normally one has to guess the dictionary form and then type it into a vocabulary database, hoping for a match. The present reader’s edition simplifies the lookup process significantly, requiring only a glance at the facing page.

Acknowledgments I am indebted for assistance and advice on this volume to Prof. Robert A. Kraft and to my colleagues, Profs. Julie Laskaris, Dean Simpson, and Walt Stevenson. Research assistance was provided by Abigail Johnson, John Gale, and Samantha Blankenship. The glosses of Greek words on right-facing pages are drawn on the whole, with permission, from the Accordance Bible electronic database and were originally formulated by Prof. Rex A. Koivisto. I am indebted to the University of Richmond for support of the research underlying this volume.

The left-facing pages of this “reader’s edition” contain a full, running sequential Greek text of 1 Clement. On right-facing pages, all of the more difficult Greek words in that section of text are listed and defined. The Greek words in that text section that are common in early Christian literature are all listed in a comprehensive dictionary at the end of the book (pages 173-185).

Clement of Rome: 1 Corinthians (1 Clement)

Incipit EKKA~aL~

(1.) 'H TU

EKKA~aL~

TOU 9€ou

KVPLOV

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€tp~v~

OCTIO

TI~pOlKOVaTI

TOU 9€ou TU

KA~TO~~ ~Yl~a~Evol~ >I~aou

EV

~ TI~pOlKOva~

9€A~~~Tl

XplaTou .

TI~VTOKp&TOpO~

9€ou

KOPlV90v,

9€ou

X&pl~ Ol~

'Pw~~v

Ol~

u~~v

K~t

> I~aou

Chap. 1

~€Y&AW~

(2.)

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TL~

Y~P TI~P€TIlO~~~a~~ TIPO~ v~&~ T~V

2

TOU

A Reader's Edition

3

1 Clement Vocabulary 1 Clem. 1:0 (incipit) TIOCpO~KEW

(TIOCp&) OTKO~) Verb: to live in as a stranger Noun (proper): Rome TIOCpO~KEW (TIOCp&) OTKO~) Verb: to live in as a stranger Kop~vao~} ~ Noun (proper): Corinth KA~TO~ (KOCAEW) Adjective: called, invited; (n.) a guest TIOCVTOKp&TWp} 0 Noun: almighty one TIA~aUVW (TIA~pOW) Verb: to multiply, be multiplied 'Pw~~}

~

1 Clem. 1:1 oct¢vL8~o~ (&¢vw) Adjective: sudden ETI&AA~AO~ Adjective: repeated, successive au~op&} ~ (auv) ¢EpW) Noun: calamity, disaster TIEpLTITWa~~} ~ Noun: misfortune ~poc8u~ Adjective: slow ETI~aTpo¢~} ~ (ETIL) aTpE¢w) Noun: return, turning;

conversion; turning one's attention (ETIL) '~TEW) Verb: to dispute, debate (&AAO~) Adjective (demonstrative): strange, foreign, belonging to another; (n.) stranger ~~ocpo~ (~~ocLvw) Adjective: polluted, abominable &voa~o~ (oc) oa~o~) Adjective: unholy aT&a~~} ~ (taT~~~) Noun: standing, position; argument; riot, revolt, uprising TIpOTIET~~ (TIpo) TILTITW) Adjective: reckless, rash ocv9&8~~ (OCVTO~) ~8o~oc~) Adjective: arrogant &TIovo~oc} ~ (&TIo) VO~~) Noun: madness, frenzy; distraction; desperation EKKOCLw (EK) KocLw) Verb: to burn, inflame, kindle aE~vo~ (aE~w) Adjective: serious; reverent TIEP~~O~TO~ (TIEpL) ~o~) Adjective: renowned, famous &~~OCY&TI~TO~ (&~~o~) &Y&TI~) Adjective: worthy of love ~EY&AW~ (~EYOC~) Adverb: greatly ~Aoca¢~~Ew (~A&TITW) ¢~~L) Verb: to slander, blaspheme ETI~'~TEW &AAOTp~O~

1 Clem. 1:2 TIocpETI~8~~EW Verb: to live at home, stay; TIOCV&pETO~ (TI&~) &pET~) Adjective: most

to visit

excellent; all-virtuous ~E~OC~O~ (~ocLvw) Adjective: sure, certain, persistent 80K~~&'W (8EXO~OC~) Verb: to prove, approve, test aw¢pwv (a~~) ¢p~v) Adjective: self-controlled; wise ETI~E~K~~ (ETIL) ELKWV) Adjective: gentle, forbearing EvaE~E~oc} ~ (EV) aE~w) Noun: godliness, piety

1 Clement

4 OUK €8~u~~a€v; ~~~V ~8o~

K~L

OUK €K~PU~€V;

&a¢~A~ yv~aLv OUK

(3.)

TO ~€Y~AOTIP€TIE~ T~~ ¢LAO~€V~~~

€~~KOCpLa€V;

>ATIpOaWTIOA~~TITW~

VO~~~OL~

K~L T~V T€A€~~V K~L

yocp TIOCVT~ €TIOL€LT€ K~L TOL~

ToD 8€oD €TIop€u€a8€, ~TIoT~aa6~€VOL TOL~

~YOU~€VOL~ ~~~v

K~L TL~~V T~V K~8~Koua~v

&TIOV€~OVT€~ TOL~

TI~p'

~€TPL~ K~L

VO€LV €TI€TP€TI€T€'

&~w~~ K~L

a€~voc a€~vTI

~~LV TIp€a~UT€pOL~ '

€~UT~V'

~TI~pxoua~~

yUV~L~~V T€

€V

K~L ocYVTI aUV€LO~a€L TIOCVT~

€TILT€A€LV TI~P~YY€AA€T€, &vop~~

V€OL~ T€

aT€pyoua~~

K~8~K6vTW~

TOU~

EV T€ T~ K~v6vL T~~ ~TIOT~Y~~

TOC K~TOC TOV OlKOV a€~v~~ OtKOUpY€LV

€OLOOCaK€T€, TIOCVU aw¢povoua~~.

Chap. 2

(1.)

nOCVT€~ T€

&A~Cov€u6~€VOL, ~TIOTOCaaOVT€~,

€T~TI€LVO¢pOV€LT€ ~~OEV

~TIoT~aa6~€VOL ~&AAOV ~

~OLOV OLo6vT€~

€¢OO~OL~ ToD 8€oD &pKOU~€VOL A6you~

~uToD

€TIL~€A~~

~

A~~~OCVOVT€~.

K~L TIpOa€XOVT€~

€V€aT€pVLa~€VOL

~T€

TOL~

TOU~

TOL~

A Reader's Edition

5

9ocu~ocCw Verb: to marvel, wonder, be amazed ~£YOCAOTIP£TI~~ (~EYOC~) TIPETIW) Adjective: majestic ~~AO~£VLOC) ~ (~LAO~) ~EVO~) Noun: hospitality ~90~) TO (€90~) Noun: character, habit; custom TEA£~O~ (TEAO~) Adjective: complete, perfect oca~ocA~~ (oc) a~ocAAw) Adjective: certain, safe ~OCKOCPLCW (~OCKOCp~O~) Verb: to bless, call happy

1 Clem. 1:3 OCTIpOaWTIOA~~TITW~ vo~~~o~ (vo~o~)

(oc) opocw) AOC~~OCVW) Adv.: impartially Adjective: lawful; (n.) statute UTIOTOCaaW (UTIo) Tocaaw) Verb: to sUbject; to submit ~YEO~OC~ (ocyw) Verb: to lead, guide, consider, count Koc9~KW (KOCTOC) ~KW) Verb: to belong to; to be lawful, proper; to let down, lower OCTIOVE~W (OCTIo) VE~W) Verb: to show; to impart, assign TIp£a~UT£po~ (TIp£a~uT~~) Adjective (comp.): older; elder ~ETP~O~ (~ETpOV) Adjective: moderate a£~vo~ (aE~w) Adjective: reverent; (n.) holiness VOEW (vou~) Verb: to understand, think €TI~TPETIW (€TIL) TPETIW) Verb: to order, instruct oc~w~o~ (oc) ~W~O~) Adjective: blameless, spotless a£~vo~ (aE~w) Adjective: reverent; (n.) holiness &yvo~ Adjective: pure auv£L8~a~~) ~ (auv) £18o~) Noun: conscience €TI~T£AEW (€TIL) TEAO~) Verb: to complete, perform TIOCPOCYYEAAW (TIOCpoc) OCYY£AO~) Verb: to command aTEpyw Verb: to love Koc9~KOVTW~ Adverb: fittingly KOCVWV) 0 (KOCVVOC) Noun: limit, rule; principle; canon UTIOTOCY~) ~ (UTIo) Tocaaw) Noun: sUbjection a£~vw~ (aE~w) Adverb: seriously; reverently OLKOUpYEW Verb: to keep house TIOCVU (TIOC~) Adverb: altogether, entirely aw~povEW (aw~) ~p~v) Verb: to be sensible, serious 1 Clem. 2:1 TOCTI£~VO~pOVEW OCAOCCOV£uo~oc~

(TOCTI£~VO~)

~p~v)

Verb: to be humble

(OCAOCCWV) Verb: to boast UTIOTOCaaW (UTIo) Tocaaw) Verb: to subject; to submit ~8EW~ (~8o~oc~) Adverb: €~o8~ov) TO (€TIL) o8o~)

gladly, with pleasure Noun: supplies for a journey OCpKEW Verb: to be content; to be enough TIpOaEXW (TIpo~) €xw) Verb: to pay attention to €TI~~£AW~ (€TIL) ~EAW) Adverb: carefully, thoroughly EvaT£pvLCO~OC~ Verb: to store within

1 Clement

6 crTIAOCYXVOl~)

KOCL TOC TIOC8~~OCTOC OCUTOU ~V TIPO

O~8OCA~~V u~~v. OUTW~

(2.)

£tp~v~

~oc8£~oc

KOCL AlTIOCpOC EokoOTO

TIOCcrlV KOCL &K6p£crTO~ TI68o~ £t~ &yoc8oTIOltocV) TIA~p~~

~£crTol

(3.) ~£T'

TIV£U~OCTO~

£ucr£~ou~

u~~v TIpO~

TOV

ocylo~ £KX~crl~

TIoccr~~

ETIL TIOCVTOC~ Eylv£TO '

T£ 6crloc~ ~O~A~~ EV &yoc8n TIpo8~~l~ TI£TIOl8~cr£w~

E~£T£lv£T£ TOC~

TIOCVTOKPOCTOPOC 8£6v)

OCUTOV lA£WV y£vkcr8ocl)

(4.)

KOCL

£t Tl

X£~poc~

lK£T£UOVT£~

OCKOVT£~

~~OCpT£T£.

'Aywv ~v u~~v ~~kpoc~ T£ KOCL V~KTO~ UTI€P T~~

&o£A~6T~TO~)

KOCL cr~V£lO~cr£W~

£t~

TO cr~(£cr8OCl ~£TOC oko~~

TOV &pl8~ov T~V

EKA£KT~V

OCUTOU.

(5.) £t~

EtAlKPlV£~~

KOCL &KkpOClOl ~T£ KOCL &~V~crtKOCKOl

&AA~AO~~.

(6.) u~~v.

noccroc crTOCcrl~ KOCL TIOCV crxlcr~oc ~O£A~KTOV ~v 'ETIL

ETI£v8£~T£ '

TO~~

TOC

TIOCpOCTIT~~OCcrlV T~V TIA~crlov

UcrT£p~~OCTOC OCUT~V

tOlOC EKplv£T£.

A Reader's Edition

crnAOCYXVOV, TO Noun: entrails; heart; affection TO (noccrxw) Noun: suffering

noce~~oc,

1 Clem. 2:2 ~OC9U~ Adjective: deep ALnocpo~ (Atno~) Adjective: luxurious, rich OCKOP€crTO~ Adjective: insatiable n090~, 6 Noun: longing, desire ocyoc90noLtoc, ~ (ocyoc90~, nOLEw) Noun: doing good nA~p~~ (nA~pow) Adjective: full €KxucrL~, ~ (€K, XEW) Noun: an overflow

1 Clem. 2:3 ~€crTO~ Adjective npo9u~toc, ~ (npo,

(verbal): full eu~o~) Noun: willingness, eagerness; goodwill €vcr€~~~ (€V, crE~W) Adjective: godly, pious n€not9~crL~, ~ (n€tew) Noun: confidence, trust €KT€tVW (€K, T€tVW) Verb: to stretch out nocvToKpOCTWP, 6 Noun: almighty one LK€T€UW (LKOCVO~) Verb: to beg, entreat LA€W~ Adjective: merciful, propitious OCKWV (oc, EKWV) Adjective: unwilling 1 Clem. 2:4

ocywv,

6 Noun: gathering; contest, struggle

OCO€A~OT~~, ~ (OCO€A~O~) Noun: fellowship OEO~, TO Noun: awe, fear cruV€tO~crL~, ~ (cruv, €Too~) Noun: conscience

1 Clem. 2:5 €tALKPLV~~ Adjective: sincere, pure OCKEpOCLO~ (oc, K€POCVVU~L) Adjective: harmless oc~v~crtKOCKO~ Adjective: without malice

1 Clem. 2:6 crTOCcrL~,

~ (LcrT~~L) Noun: standing, position; argument; riot, revolt, uprising crxtcr~oc, TO (crxtCw) Noun: division, schism ~O€AUKTO~ (~O€AUcrcrW) Adjective (verbal): detestable, abominable nocpocnTw~oc, TO (nocpoc, ntnTw) Noun: a trespass nA~crtov Adverb (+ gen.): near; (n.) neighbor n€V9EW (nEVeO~) Verb: to mourn UcrTEP~~OC, TO (UcrT€PO~) Noun: shortcoming

7

·~nod~~n9D3dll

~3~od~~

10

~~O~

1~~

1ll~

(~n039~~~ 1ll~

·~1DMX~~X;~ (~1D~~D

~~O~

10~~

~~O~

10~1~~

1~~

~1d?

10

~0~3X9ll

(~0~99~

(~no~1~od~

10 1ll~

103o~~

10

~~DU9d~AUll~

~oX~)

1~~

no~~o~

1ll~

(~no~1~~~

~M~QO

(~1D~~D~~~~~

1~~

~~O~

(oc) ~~~AM19

~3I~aou~

K~t

(3.)

K~TOC

~YO~~EVOL

aK~TITp~ ~UTOU

€TI~YYELA~~(VOU ~~

oL

OCaT(pE~

nOCVTE~

~UT~V ~ T~V

£Pywv

K~t ~~E~~

XpLaT~

>I~aou

€~

K~TOC TOV

OUK €V

TOU

€~

oL

~~aLAE~~

>Io~o~v '

6

~UTOU

K~t

TOC O€

UTIOCpXOuaLv)

-EaT~L

TO

aTI(p~~

oup~vou, K~l

~UT~V ~ T~~

ouv) OLOC

KA~B(VTE~)

T~~ ~~ET(P~~

TIOCVTE~

~UTOU

~LKP~ o6~TI

TOU BEOU) 5TL'

OCAAOC OLOC TOU

(4.)

AEULT~L

TOU BEOU '

aocpK~'

€OO~OCaB~a~v

ouv

K~TELpyoca~vTo)

OUO€ OLOC

~UTOU

UTI'

OWPE~V,

AELTOUPYOUVTE~

OCPXOVTE~

EtALKPLV~~

€~EY~A~vB~a~v

ou OL'

OLK~LOTIP~YL~~ ~~

BEA~~~TO~

9EA~~~TO~

ou OL'

~UTOU ,

~UTOU

€V

E~UT~V OLK~LO~~EB~

aO~L~~ ~ aUV(aEW~ ~

A Reader's Edition

TIpocrocyw

(TIPO~,

83

~yw)

Verb: to approach; to bring to

1 Clem. 31:4 'IOCK~~, 0 Noun TOCTIELVO~pOcruv~,

(proper): Jacob ~

(TOCTIELVO~,

~p~v)

Noun: humility

EKXWPEW (EK, XWpEW) Verb: to depart, leave Aoc~ocv, 0 Noun (proper): Laban 80UAEUW (8oDAO~) Verb: to serve as a slave 8w8EKOCcrK~TITpOV, TO (8uo, 8EKOC, crK~TITW) Noun: scepter of twelve tribes 1 Clem. 32:1 EtALKPLVW~

Adverb: sincerely voD~) Verb: to understand, consider,

KOCTOCVOEW (KOCTOC, notice ETILYLV~crKW

(ETIL, YLV~crKW) Verb: to know, look upon, witness; to recognize; to decide ~EYOCAELO~ (~EYOC~) Adjective: mighty, majestic 8WPEOC, ~ (8L8w~L) Noun: gift, bounty 1 Clem. 32:2 AEULT~~, 0 Noun: Levite AELTOUpYEW (AOCO~, €pyov) Verb: to serve, worship 8UcrLOCcrT~PLOV, TO (8uw) Noun: altar ~YEO~OCL (~yw) Verb: to lead, guide, consider, 'lou8oc~, 0 Noun (proper): Judas; Judah crK~TITpOV, TO (crK~TITW) Noun: staff, scepter ETIOCYYEAAO~OCL (ETIL, ~YYEAO~) Verb: to promise;

regard

to offer; to profess TO (crTIELpW) Noun: seed, offspring 0 Noun: star

crTIEP~OC, OCcrT~P,

1 Clem. 32:3 8o~oc(w

(80KEW) Verb: to think, suppose, hold an opinion; to glorify, extol ~EYOCAUVW (~EYOC~) Verb: to enlarge, boast, grow 8LKOCLOTIPOCYLOC, ~ Noun: righteous act KOCTEPYOC(O~OCL (KOCTOC, €pyov) Verb: to work, prepare, make; to oppress, subdue; to achieve, accomplish 1 Clem. 32:4 crUVEcrL~,

~ (cruv, t~~L) Noun: understanding, intelligence, comprehension

· 1~~13 gL~~ ~~

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A Reader's Edition Eva~~E~~} ~ K~TEPY&'O~~~

85

a~~w) Noun: godliness, piety (K~T&) ~PYov) Verb: to work, prepare,

(EV)

make; to oppress, subdue; to achieve, accomplish oa~oT~~} ~ (oa~o~) Noun: piety, holiness TI~VTOKp&TWp} 0 Noun: all mighty one; the almighty &~~v Particle (Hebrew): amen (Heb. 'truly')

1 Clem. 33:1 &pY~W

(~PYov)

Verb: to linger, become idle TIO~~w) Noun: doing good AEtTIW) Verb: to leave behind, desert, forsake, abandon ~~o~~w~ (~~) o~} EYW) Adverb: by no means E&W Verb: to let, permit; to pass over aTIEUOW Verb: to hasten, hurry EKT~VE~~} ~ (EK) TE~VW) Noun: zeal, earnestness TIpo9u~t~} ~ (TIpo) 9u~o~) Noun: willingness, eagerness, goodwill ETI~TEA~W (ETI~) T~AO~) Verb: to complete, perform &y~90TIO~t~} ~ (&y~90~) EYK~T~AEtTIW (EV) K~T&}

1 Clem. 33:2 O~~~OUPYO~} &y~AA~&W

0

(o~~o~)

(&Y&AAO~~~)

~pyov) Noun: maker, creator Verb: to exult, rejoice

1 Clem. 33:3 TI~~~Ey~9~~ Adjective: huge, immense Kp&TO~} TO Noun: power, might, strength aT~pt'w Verb: to support, make firm, strengthen &K~T&A~TITO~ Adjective (verbal): incomprehensible auvEa~~} ~ (auv) L~~~) Noun: understanding,

intelligence, comprehension (o~&) Koa~o~) Verb: to adorn, put/set in order; to regulate o~~xwp~'w (o~&) xwpt~) Verb: to depart, separate TIEP~~XW (TIEpt) ~xw) Verb: to surround, encircle, contain; to seize uowp} TO Noun: water kop&(w (€'O~~~) Verb: to settle, establish &a~~A~~ (~) a~&AAw) Adjective: certain, firm, sure, safe, steadfast 9E~~A~O~} 0 (Tt9~~~) Noun: foundation '~ov} TO ('&w) Noun: living being; animal ~O~T&W Verb: to move about O~&T~~~~} ~ (o~&) T&aaw) Noun: command, plan, arrangement KEAEUW Verb: to command, order o~~Koa~~w

1 Clement

86

eOCAOCcrcrocv KOCL TOC EV OCUTTI TTI EOCUTOU

E~OXQTOCTOV TOCL~

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OUTW~

(5.)

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(6.) TOCUTOC

(7.)

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6

ETIOt~cr£v OCUTOU~.

ETInv£cr£v OCUTOC KOCL TIA~euv£cre£ .

&yoceoL~

OCUTO~

TOUTOV TOV

EPYOV

KOCL

KOCL

KOcr~~croc~

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KOCL

KOCTOC

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e£o~'

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&yoceoL~

TIOC~~Ey£e£~

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KOCL £ITI£v'

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(8.)

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(4.) 'ETIL TIOCcrL TO

ETIAOCcr£V

C~OC TIpO£TOL~OCcrOC~

TIOCVT£~

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KUpLO~

EXOCp~. ~TIoypoc~~ov &OKVW~

OCUTOU'

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OA~~

T~~

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Chap. 34

(1.) ' 0

&yoceo~

EPYOCT~~

OCpTOV TOU EPYOU OCUTOU' 6

~£TOC TIOCpp~crtoc~ vwepo~

KOCL

AOC~~OCV£L

TIOCP£L~EVO~

TOV OUK

A Reader's Edition

87

8&Aocaaoc) ~ (~AOC~) Noun: sea, lake C~ov) TO (C&w) Noun: living being; animal TIpOETO~~&CW (TIpo) €TOl~O~) Verb: to prepare before EYKAElW (EV) KAElW) Verb: to shut in, enclose 1 Clem. 33:4 ~~OXO~ Adjective: prominent, outstanding TIOC~~Ey€8~~ Adjective: huge, immense o~&vo~oc) ~ Noun: mind, thought, intention, purpose OC~W~O~ (oc) ~W~O~) Adjective: blameless, spotless

TIA&aaw Verb: to form, make, mold, shape ElKWV) ~ Noun: image, form, appearance XOCpOCKT~p) 6 Noun: mark; character; reproduction 1 Clem. 33:5

ElKWV) ~ Noun: image, form, appearance 6~olwa~~) ~ (6~o~) Noun: likeness, similarity ocpa~v Adjective: male; (n.) man 8~AU~ (8~A&CW) Adjective: female, feminine; delicate 1 Clem. 33:6 TEXE~OW (T€XO~) Verb: to finish, make perfect ETIOC~V€W (ETIl) oc!vo~) Verb: to praise E~AOY€W (E~) A€YW) Verb: to bless ocu~&vw Verb: to grow, cause to grow TIA~8UVW (TIA~pOW) Verb: to multiply, grow, increase

1 Clem. 33:7 KOa~€W

XOClPW

(Koa~o~) Verb: to adorn, (X&p~~) Verb: to rejoice,

set in order, arrange exult

1 Clem. 33:8 ~TIOYPOC~~O~) 6 (~TIo) yp&~w) Noun: example; &OKVW~ Adverb: without hesitation TIpoa€pxo~oc~ (TIpo~) ~PXo~oc~) Verb: to come laxu~) ~ Noun: strength, might, power EPY&CO~oc~ (~pyov) Verb: to work

outline to

1 Clem. 34:1 EPY&T~~) 6 (~pyov) Noun: worker TIOCpp~aloc) ~ (TIOCp&) p~~oc) Noun: boldness, arrogance OCpTO~) 6 Noun: bread, loaf vw8po~ Adjective: lazy, sluggish TIOCP l~~~ (TIOCp&) 'L~~~) Verb: to neglect, be careless

1 Clement

88 &VTO¢eOCA~E~ ~€OV

(2.)

T~ o~v

&yoceOTIO~tocv'

~~~eo~ KOCT~

£~TtV TIpOeU~Ov~

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(3.)

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(4.)

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(6.)

KOCt

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KOCt £K€KPOCYOV'

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£AE~TOUPYovv KUp~OC;

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A Reader's Edition

89

OCVTO¢9OCA~EW

(OCVTL, op&w) Verb: to look in the face, head into, face €PYOTIOCpEKT~~, 0 Noun: employer

1 Clem. 34:2 TIp09U~o~

(TIpO,

9U~O~)

Adjective: willing, eager,

ready

ocyoc90TIOLtoc,

~

(ocyoc90~,

TIOLEW) Noun: doing good

1 Clem. 34:3

TIpOAEYW (TIpO, AEYW) Verb: to say ahead of time, foretell, predict Noun: wages; reward (OCTIO, OLOW~L) Verb: to give back, pay

~Lcr90~, 0 OCTIOOLOW~L

1 Clem. 34:4

TIpOTPETIW (TIpO, TPETIW) Verb: to encourage, persuade, urge on ocPyo~ (EPYOV) TIOCPL~~L (TIOCp&,

Adjective: idle, lazy t~~L) Verb: to neglect, be careless

1 Clem. 34:5 KOCVX~~OC,

TO

(KOCUX&O~OCL)

Noun: boast; object of

boasting; pride TIOCpp~crLoc,

~ (TIOCp&, p~~oc) Noun: boldness, arrogance UTIOT&crcrW (UTIO, T&crcrW) Verb: to sUbject; to submit KOCTOCVOEW (KOCT&, vou~) Verb: to understand, consider TIA~90~, TO (TIA~pOW) Noun: multitude AELTOUpYEW (AOCO~, EPYOV) Verb: to serve, worship TIOCPLcrT~~L (TIOCp&, tcrT~~L) Verb: to present, stand by

1 Clem. 34:6 ~UpLO~

Adjective: innumerable, countless; (adv.) incessantly ~UpL&~, ~ (~UpLO~) Noun: myriad, ten thousand; countless thousands TIOCPLcrT~~L (TIOCp&, tcrT~~L) Verb: to present, stand by XLALOL Adjective (cardinal): thousand XLAL&~, ~ (XLALOL) Noun: group of a thousand AELTOUpYEW (AOCO~, EPYOV) Verb: to serve, worship Kp&(W Verb: to callout, cry out crOC~OC~9 Particle: sabaoth (Heb.): of hosts, armies TIA~P~~ (TIA~pOW) Adjective: full KTlcrL~, ~ (KTl(W) Noun: creation, creature

1 Clement

90 (7.) KIXL T]f.L€Lt; ouv}

EV of.Lovo lq.}

bTL TO IX\!TO

cruvIXX8€VT€t; TTI crUV€LO~cr€L} Wt; E~ EVOt; crT0f.LIXTOt; ~o~crWf.L€V

TIpOt; IX~TOV EKT€VWt; €tt; TO f.L€TOXOUt; T]f.L&t;

Y€V€cr8IXL TWV f.L€yOCAWV KIXL EVOO~WV ETIIXYY€ALWV IX~TOV. (8.)

MYEL yocp'

~KOUcr€V

' OCP8IXAf.LOt; o~ K e:T 0 €V Ko:I.

O~K

OUt;

KIXL ETIL KIXPOlIXV OCV8PWTIOU O~K OCV€~~}

OcrIX

T]TOlf.LIXcr€V TOLt; UTI0f.L€VoucrLV IX~TOV.

Chap. 35 (1.)

' Ot;

f.LIXKOCPLIX KIXL 8IXUf.LIXcrTO: TO: OWPIX TaU

8€ov}

OC yIXTI~TO l.

(2.)

Zw~

OCA~8ELIX

EV OC8IXVIXcrlq.} AIXf.LTIpOT~t; EV OLKIXLOcrUVTI}

EV TIIXpp~crlq.} TIlcrTLt; EV TI€TIOL8~crEL}

EV OCYLIXcrf.L~·

EYKPOCTELIX

KIXL TIXUTIX UTI€TILTIT€V TIOCVTIX UTIO T~V

OLOCVOLIXV T]f.Lwv .

(3.) TlVIX

OUV

UTI0f.L€VOUcrLV;

'0

&pIX EcrTLV TO: ETOLf.LIX(Of.L€VIX TOLt; O~f.LLOUPyOt;

KIXL TIIXT~P TWV IXtWVWV 0

TIIXVOCYLOt; IX~TOt; YLVWcrK€L T~V TIOcrOT~TIX KIXL T~V KIXAAOV~V IX~TWV .

(4.)

'Hf.Le:lt; ouv ocywv LcrWf.L€8IX €UP€8~VIX L EV TCil

OCpL8f.L~ TWV

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OTIWt; f.L€TIXAOC~Wf.L€V TWV

A Reader's Edition

91

1 Clem. 34:7 6~ovo~oc) ~ (6~o~) vou~) Noun: harmony, concord a~vocyw (a~v) ocyw) Verb: to gather, bring together a~vEto~a~~) ~ (a~v) EtOO~) Noun: conscience

~oocw J~o~~ Verb; to cry out, callout EKTEVW~

(EK)

~ETOXO~ EVOO~O~

(~ETOC)

TE~VW)

Adverb: constantly, earnestly

EXW) Adjective: sharing, partaking (EV) OOKEW) Adjective: glorious: (n.) glory ETIOCYYEAtOC) ~ (ETIt) ~YYEAO~) Noun: promise

1 Clem. 34:8 O~~) TO Noun: ear ocvoc~octvw (ocvoc) ~octvw) Verb: go up, rise up, advance ETO~~OC(W (ETO~~O~) Verb: to prepare, make ready VTIO~EVW (VTIo) ~EVW) Verb: to endure, remain, wait

1 Clem. 35:1 aOC~~ocaTO~

(aoc~~oc(w) Adjective (verbal): marvelous, wonderful, amazing

1 Clem. 35:2 ~ (oc) aV~aKw) Noun: immortality AOC~TIpOT~~) ~ (AOC~TIW) Noun: brightness, brilliance TIocpp~atoc) ~ (TIOCpoc) p~~oc) Noun: boldness, arrogance TIETIota~a~~) ~ (TIE taw) Noun: confidence EYKPOCTE~OC) ~ (EV) KpOCTO~) Noun: self-control

ocaocvocatoc)

VTIOTItTITW (VTIo) TItTITW) Verb: to fall down, fall under: to befall o~ocvo~oc)

~

(o~oc)

vou~)

Noun: mind, thought, intention

1 Clem. 35:3 ~poc conjunction (coordinating): then, therefore ETO~~OC(W (ETO~~O~) Verb: to prepare, make ready VTIO~EVW (VTIo) ~EVW) Verb: to endure, remain, wait o~~~o~Pyo~) 6 (o~~o~) EPYOV) Noun: builder, maker,

creator TIocvocy~o~ TIOaOT~~) KOCAAOV~)

(TI&~) ~yo~) Adjective: completely holy ~ Noun: quantity, amount ~ (KOCAO~) Noun: beauty, excellence

1 Clem. 35:4 ocywvt(O~oc~ (ocywv) Verb: to strive, fight VTIO~EVW (VTIo) ~EVW) Verb: to endure, remain, ~ETOCAOC~~OCVW (~ETOC) AOC~~OCVW) Verb: to share,

wait receive

92

1 Clement

ETI~YY€A~kvwv OwP€~v.

(5.)

n~~

o~

EcrT~pLy~kv~

icrTOCL

TI

~

TO~TO.

EK(~T~~€V

OC~T~.

ETILT€Akcrw~€v

~ouA~cr€L &A~8€Loc~.

&vo~Locv.

OC~TO~

Koct

€~OCP€crTOC

T&

&KOAou8~crw~€v

TIA€ov€~Locv.

T€ KOCt

&~'

ip€L~.

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KOCt

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T&

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OLOCVOLOC ~~~v TILcrT~~ TIPO~ TOV

8€6v. E&V E&V

&yocTI~ToL;

€OCUT~V

&~~~~

TTI

TTI

6o~ T~~

TIoccrocv &OLKLocv KOCt

KOCKO~8€Loc~

KOCTOCAOCALOC~.

T€ KOCt

8€OcrTUyLocv.

UTI€p~~ocvLocv

T€ KOCt &Aoc(ov€Locv.

K€vooo~Locv

T€ KOCt

TOC~TOC

TIpoccrcroVT€~

crTUY~Tot T~ 8€~

(6.)

UTIOCPXOUcrLV. KOCt ot

y&p ot

o~ ~6vov o~

crUV€UOOKO~VT€~

(7.) AkY€L y&p 8€6~'

ot

TIpoccrcroVT€~

06AOU~.

&~LAO~€vLocv.

OC~TOC.

&AA&

OC~TOl~.

~ ypoc~~·

T~ o~ &~OCpTWA~

€ITI€v 6

'IVOCTL cr~ OL~YTI T& OLKOCLW~OCTOC ~OU Koct

&VOCAOC~~OCV€L~

T~V OLoc8~K~V ~OU

ETIt crT6~ocT6~ crou;

A Reader's Edition ETIOCYY€AAO~OCL

(ETIL,

93 OCYYEAO~)

Verb: to promise:

to profess

OWpE&,

~

(OLOW~L)

Noun: gift, bounty

1 Clem. 35:5 crT~PLCW Verb: to support, make firm, strengthen OL&VOLOC, ~ (OL&, vov~) Noun: mind, thought, intention EKC~T€W (EK, C~T€W) Verb: to search earnestly, seek E~&pEcrTO~ (ED, &p€crKW) E~TIpOcroEKTO~ (E~, TIpO~,

Adjective (verbal): acceptable O€XO~OCL) Adjective (verbal):

acceptable T€AO~) Verb: to complete, perform (oc, ~KW) Verb: to belong to, relate to: to be convenient OC~W~O~ (oc, ~~~O~) Adjective: blameless, spotless ~ouA~crL~, ~ Noun: will, intention &KOAOu8€w (&KOAou8o~) Verb: to follow &TIOPPLTITW (&TIO, PLTITW) Verb: to throwaway, cast out &VO~LOC, ~ (oc, vo~o~) Noun: lawlessness, sin TIAEOVE~LOC, ~ (TIA~pOW, ~Xw) Noun: greed: lust ~PL~, ~ Noun: strife, discord KOCKO~8ELOC, ~ (KOCKO~, ~8o~) Noun: meanness, malice OOAO~, 6 Noun: deceit, treachery, craftiness ~L8uPLcr~O~, 6 Noun: whistle: gossip KOCTOCAOCAL&, ~ (KOCTOC, A&AO~) Noun: slander, defamation 8EOcrTUYLOC, ~ Noun: hatred of God UTIEP~¢OCVLOC, ~ (UTI€P, ¢OCLVW) Noun: pride, arrogance &AOCCOVELOC, ~ (&AOCCWV) Noun: boasting KEVOOO~LOC, ~ (KEVO~, OOK€W) Noun: conceit, vanity &¢LAO~EVLOC, ~ Noun: inhospitality

ETILTEA€W (ETIL,

&V~KW

1 Clem. 35:6

TIp&crcrw Verb: to do, make, accomplish crTUY~TO~ (crTUY€W) Adjective (verbal): hated, hateful TIp&crcrw Verb: to do, make, accomplish cruvEUOOK€W (cruv, ED, OOK€W) Verb: to approve of, agree to, consent 1 Clem. 35:7 &~OCpTWAO~ OL~Y€O~OCL

(&~OCpT&VW)

Adjective: sinful:

(n.) sinner

(OL&, ocyw) Verb: to describe in detail:

to tell, explain, narrate, explicate TO (OLK~) Noun: ordinance, requirement: righteousness &VOCAOC~~&VW (&v&, AOC~~&VW) Verb: to take up, raise, undertake, adopt OLKOCLW~OC,

1 Clement

94

(8.)

~~

A6yo~~

O€

~o~

a~VETp€X€~ ETt8€~~ .

YAwaaoc &O€A¢OU ao~

To

E~ta~a~~ TI~~O€t~v K~t €t~

K~t

aT6~~ ao~

ETIA€6v~a€v

ETt8€~~

Eao~~t

K~T€AOCA€~~)

ao~

K~~

K~T&

K~8~~€vo~

TaU

~ K~T& TO~

~tou T~~

~~Tp6~

(11.)

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o~ T~UT~)

~~TIOT€

ocpTIocan

~~

K~t

AEWV

8~at~ ~tvEa€W~

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EatYT]a~'

'mEA~~H)

Q(VO~€}

o~o~o~ .

>EAEY~W a€

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K~t

K~t

aKocvo~AOV .

(10.)

(12.)

KAETIT~V)

K~Kt~V)

ao~ TI€P~ETIA€K€V ooA~6T~T~.

ao~

TO~~

~€T& ~o~xwv T~V ~€pto~ ao~

(9.) T~uT~ ETIot~a~~) OT~

E8€~p€~~

T& 6TItaw . Et

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at

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95

A Reader's Edition 1 Clem. 35:8 ~~crEW (~lcrO~) Verb: to hate TIOC~OElOC, ~ (TIOCl~) Noun: instruction, discipline EK~OCAAW (EK, ~OCAAW) Verb: to cast out, throw out

OTIlcrW Adverb: back, behind; Prep. (+ gen.): after 8EWPEW (8EOCO~OC~) Verb: to see, observe, notice KAETIT~~, 0 (KAETITW) Noun: thief crUVTPEXW (cruv, TpEXW) Verb: to run/go together ~o~Xo~, 0 Noun: adulterer ~EPl~, ~ (~EpO~) Noun: part, portion Tl8~~~ Verb: to put, place, make, appoint TIAEOVOC(W (TIA~pOW) Verb: to increase, multiply TIEP~TIAEKW (TIEPl, TIAEKW) Verb: to embrace, entangle OOA~OT~~, ~ (OOAO~) Noun: deceit, deception Koc8~~oc~ (KOCTOC, ~~OC~) Verb: to sit AOCAO~) Verb: to speak evil of Verb: to put, place, make, appoint crKocVOOCAOV, TO Noun: offense, cause of sin

KOCTOCAOCAEW (KOCTOC,

Tl8~~~

1 Clem. 35:9 cr~YOCW (cr~Y~) Verb: to be VTIOAOC~~OCVW (VTIO, AOC~~OCVW)

silent Verb: to suppose, think, believe; to lift up; to reply ~vo~o~ (oc, vo~o~) Adjective: lawless, sinful 1 Clem. 35:10

EAEYXW Verb: to reprove, reprimand, convict (TIOCpOC, tcrT~~~) Verb: to present, stand by

TIOCPlcrT~~~

1 Clem. 35:11 crUVl~~~ (cruv, t~~~) Verb: to ETI~AOCv8ocvo~oc~ (ETIl, Aocv8ocvw) ~~TIOTE (~~, TIou) Conjunction

understand, think about Verb: to forget (subord.): lest, perhaps

OCPTIoc(w Verb: to snatch away AEWV, 0 Noun: lion puo~oc~

Verb: to deliver, save, rescue

1 Clem. 35:12 OCtVEcr~~, ~ (octvo~) Noun: praise oo~oc(w (OOKEW) Verb: to think, suppose,

hold an opinion; to glorify, extol crWT~P~OV, TO (cr~(w) Noun: salvation; peace-offering

1 Clement

96

Chap. 36

aWTTJpLOV T]fLwv,

, IT]UO\JV XpLaTOV, TOV &.PXLE:PEcX

TIpOa~Opwv

T]fLwV, TOV TIpOaTOCT~V KOCt ~O~80V T~~

&.a8E:vdoc~

T]fLwv.

TOUTOU T]fLOC~

~8EA~aE:V

YE:uaOCa8OCL,

OLOC~OPWTE:POV

(3.)

6

OE:aTIOT~~

O~

QVOfLOC

WV

T~~

yvwaE:w~

OC8OCVOCTOU

ocTIocuyocafLoc

T~~

TWV

fLE:yocAwauv~~

KE:KA~pOVOfL~KE:V.

rEypOCTITOCL yilp

O{JTW~'

'0 TIOLi:lV TOU~ OCYYEAOU~

~AOyOC.

(4.)

ac

'ETIt OE

oc'lT~aocL

KA~povofLLocv

T~ ut~

OCtJTo\J

TIOCP' €fLo\J,

o\hw~

...

,

E:LTIE:V 0

KOCt owaw ao L

Ei8v~

TT]V

aou KOCt TT]V KOCTOCaXE:aLv aou Til TIEPOCTOC T~~

A Reader's Edition

97

1 Clem. 36:1 ~WT~PLO~, OCPXL~P~U~,

T?

(cr~Cw)

0

(ocPXw,

Noun: salvation; peace-offering t~po~) Noun: high priest, chief priest, pontifex TIpocr~opoc, ~ (TIPO~, ~€pw) Noun: offering TIpOcrTOCT~~, 0 (TIpO, LcrT~~L) Noun: defender, guardian, benefactor ~o~ao~ (~o~) Adjective: helpful, helping occra€V~LOC, ~ (oc, cra~vow) Noun: weakness 1 Clem. 36:2 OCT~VLCW (oc, T~LVW) Verb: to look intently, stare U~O~, TO Noun: height €VOTITPLCO~OCL Verb: to see in a mirror OC~W~O~ (oc, ~W~O~) Adjective: blameless, spotless VTI€PTOCTO~ Adjective (superlative): loftiest, highest O~L~, ~ (opocw) Noun: face, countenance

OCVOLYW Verb: to open, unlock, disclose occrUV~TO~ (oc, cruv, L~~L) Adjective: without understanding, uncomprehending, senseless

crKOTOW (crKOTO~) Verb: to darken OLOCVOLOC, ~ (OLOC, vou~) Noun: mind, thought, intention OCVOCaOCAAW (ocvoc, aocAAW) Verb: to flourish, sprout anew OCaOCVOCTO~ (oc, avUcrKw) Adjective: immortal Y~UO~OCL Verb: to taste, experience OCTIocuyoccr~oc, TO (OCTIO, ocuy~) Noun: brightness, radiance ~~YOCAwcruv~, ~ (~€yoc~) Noun: majesty OLOC~OpO~ (OLOC, ~€pw) Adjective: differing, different,

unlike; outstanding, excellent, (far) superior (KA~pOW, vo~o~) Verb: to inherit, acquire, obtain

KA~POVO~€W

1 Clem. 36:3 A~LTOUPYO~, 0 ~AO~, ~ Noun:

(AOCO~,

EPYOV) Noun: servant, minister

flame

1 Clem. 36:4 cr~~~pov

(~~€poc)

Adverb: today to bear, beget, engender vo~o~) Noun: inheritance; possession, property KOCTOCcrX~crL~, ~ (KOCTOC, EXW) Noun: possession TI€POC~, TO (TI€POCV) Noun: end, boundary, limit Y~vvocw (YLVO~OCL) Verb: KA~pOVO~LOC, ~ (KA~pOW,

1 Clement

98

(5.) Koct TI&~~v ~€YE~ TIPO~ OCUTOV· ~OU)

EW~

OCV 6w

TOU~

EX6pou~

aou

K&6ou EK

uTIoTIoa~ov

aE~~wv

TWV

TIoawv aou. (6.) TLVE~ ovv ot EX6POL; ot ¢ocu~o~ KOCt &vT~Tocaao~Evo~

T~ 6E~~~OCT~

OCUTOU .

Chap. 37

(1.) ~TpocTEuaw~E6oc ovv) ocvapE~ &aE~¢oL) EKTEVELOC~

EV

TO~~

&~W~O~~

TIpOaT&y~oca~v

~ETOC TIoca~~

OCUTOU.

(2.) KocTocvo~aw~Ev TOU~ aTpOCTEUO~€VOU~ TOl~ ~yOU~€VO~~ ~~WV)

TIW~

EUT&KTW~)

ETI~TE~OUa~v

TOC

TIW~

ELKT~KW~)

TIW~

UTIOTETOCy~€VW~

a~ocTocaao~Evoc.

(3.) Ou TI&VTE~ ELatv €TIOCPXO~ ouaE X~~LOCpXO~ ouaE €KOCTOVTOCpXO~

ouaE

&~~'

EV

EKocaTo~

UTIO TOU

~oca~~€w~

TIEVT~KOVTOCpXO~

T~

LaL~ T&Y~OCT~

KOCt TWV

ouaE TO TOC

~yOU~€VWV

KOC6E~~~)

ETI~TOCaaO~EVOC ETI~TE~El .

A Reader's Edition

99

1 Clem. 36:5 KOCe~~OC~ (KOCTOC, ~~OC~) Verb: to sit OE~~O~ Adjective: right-hand TLe~~~ Verb: to put, place, make, €XepO~ Adjective: hostile, enemy VTIOTIOO~OV, TO TIOV~, 6 Noun:

(VTIO,

TIov~)

appoint

Noun: footstool

foot

1 Clem. 36:6 €XepO~ Adjective: hostile, enemy ¢OCVAO~ Adjective: evil, base, despicable ocvT~TOCcrcr~ (ocvTL, TOCcrcr~) Verb: to resist,

oppose

1 Clem. 37:1 crTpOCTEV~ (crTpOCT~OC) Verb: to soldier, wage war €KTEVE~OC, ~ (€K, TELv~) Noun: zeal, earnestness OC~~~O~ (oc, ~W~O~) Adjective: blameless, spotless TIpOcrTOCY~OC, TO (TIpO~, TOCcrcr~) Noun: a command

1 Clem. 37:2 KOCTOCVOE~ (KOCTOC, vov~) Verb: to understand, consider crTpOCTEV~ (crTpOCT~OC) Verb: to soldier, wage war ~YEO~OC~ (ocY~) Verb: to lead, guide, consider, regard EVTOCKT~~ Adverb: in good order, in an orderly way ElKT~KW~ Adverb: readily yielding VTIOTETOCY~EV~~ Adverb: submissively €TI~TEAE~ (€TIL, TEAO~) Verb: to complete, perform O~OCTOCcrcr~ (o~oc, TOCcrcr~) Verb: to order, arrange:

to command: to assign 1 Clem. 37:3 ETIOCpXO~, 6 X~ALocPXo~,

ocPX~) Noun: commander: governor (XLA~o~, ocPX~) Noun: commander of a

(€TIL,

6

thousand soldiers: tribune, chief officer 6 (€KOCTOV, ocPX~) Noun: commander of a hundred soldiers: centurion TIEVT~KOVTOCpXO~, 6 (TIEVTE, ocpX~) Noun: commander of fifty soldiers KoceE~~~ (KOCTOC, E~~) Adverb: in order, sequentially TOCY~OC, TO (TOCcrcr~) Noun: proper order: group €TI~TOCcrcr~ (€TIL, TOCcrcr~) Verb: to command, order ~YEO~OC~ (ocY~) Verb: to lead, guide, consider, regard €TI~TEAE~ (€TIL, TEAO~) Verb: to complete, perform €KOCTOVTOCpXO~,

100

1 Clement ~EY&AOL

(4.) ot O~TE

~LKpOl

ot

iaTLv iv (5.)

otx~ TWV

K~l

TI&aLv}

A&~W~EV

otx~ TWV ~LKPWV o~ OVV~VT~L

iaTLV}

OUTW~

TOC OE

iA&XLaT~ ~EA~

ElaLV

KOCl UTIOTOCyn

TOVTOL~

aw~~ ~~WV·

TO

O~OEV

E~xp~aT&

iv

~Ey&AWV·

O~OE

TOU

ot

~

TL~

xp~aL~.

KE~~A~ otx~ TWV

TI60E~

otx~ T~~

El~

OCAAOC TI&VTOC

TIOOWV

KE~~A~~·

a6~~TO~ ~~WV OCV~YK~~~

OA~ T~ a6~OCTL·

~L~ XP~TOCL

aVYKp~at~

E1v~L}

K~l

aUVTIVE~

TO aW(EaeOCL OAOV TO

aw~oc.

Chap. 38

(1.)

,

~~(EaeW o~v ~~wv

I~aou)

KOCeW~

KOCl UTIOTOCaaEaeW

iTEe~

(2.) '0

iv

TOV

XpLaT~

€KOCaTO~ T~ TIA~atov ~~TOU}

laxup6v. 6

6 OE

TITWXO~

€OWKEV

OC~T~

OL'

6

iv

T~~EAEtTW TOV ocaeEV~}

TITWX~}

uaTEp~~oc·

aw~oc

T~ xocpta~ocTL ~~TOU.

laxupo~

EVTpETIEaeW

OAOV TO

TIAOVaLO~

ao~o~

EVoELKvvaeW

EV

A6YOL~}

~~

€OCUT~ ~OCpTUpEtTW}

OCAA' EV

€PYOL~

~~TOU

OTL

TO

T~V ao~tocv OC~TOU ~~

ocyoceo~~·

OCAA' E&TW

ocaeEV~~

ETILXOP~YEtTW T~

E~xocpLaTEtTw T~ eE~}

o~ OCVOCTIA~pWen

6 OE

u~'

6

T~TIELVO~povwv

ETEPOU EOCUTOV

101

A Reader's Edition 1 Clem. 37:4

OLXOC (ouo) Improper Preposition (+ gen.): divided; without, apart from

OUTE (o~) TE) Conjunction (coordinating): neither otxoc (ouo) Improper preposition (+ gen.): divided; without, apart from crUYKpOCcrL~)

~ (cruv) KEpOCVV~~L) Noun: mixing together, mixture, assemblage, combination Xp~crL~) ~ (XpOCO~OCL) Noun: use, usefulness, profit

1 Clem. 37:5

otxoc (ouo) Improper Preposition (+ gen.): divided; without, apart from TIou~) 0 Noun: foot EAOCXLcrTO~ (EAOCXU~) Adjective: insignificant, least ~EAO~) TO Noun: body part; musical part OCVOCYKOClO~ (OCVOCYK~) Adjective: necessary, essential EUXp~crTo~ (E~) XpOCO~OCL) Adjective (verbal):

profitable, useful Verb: to agree, coincide, accord with ~ (~TIo) TOCcrcrW) Noun: sUbjection Verb: to use; to act, proceed; to declare

cr~~TIVEW ~TIOTOCY~) XpOCO~OCL

1 Clem. 38:1 ~TIOTOCcrcrW (~TIo) TOCcrcrW) Verb: to TIA~crtOV Adverb (+ gen.): near; XOCpLcr~OC) TO (XOCpL~) Noun: gift

sUbject; to submit (n.) neighbor (of grace), favor

1 Clem. 38:2 tcrx~po~ (tcrxu~) Adjective: strong, mighty OCT~~EAEW Verb: to neglect, overlook, disregard OCcrBEV~~ (oc) crBEVOW) Adjective: weak; (n.) weakness

EVTPETIW (EV) TPETIW) Verb: to respect; to turn to

tcrx~po~ (tcrxu~) Adjective: strong, mighty TIAOUcrLo~ (TIAOVTO~) Adjective: rich, wealthy

ETILXOP~YEW

(ETIt)

xopo~)

ocyw) Verb: to

s~pply,

give

TITWXO~ Adjective: poor, needy E~XOCpLcrTEw (E~) XOCpL~) Verb: to give thanks OCVOCTIA~POW (ocvoc) TIA~pOW) Verb: to fill up, fulfill ~crTEP~~OC) TO (UcrTEpO~) Noun: what is lacking EVOEtKV~~L (EV) OEtKV~~L) Verb: to show, exhibit TOCTIELVO~pOVEW Verb: to be humble-minded, modest ~OCpT~PEW (~OCpT~~) Verb: to bear testimony;

to suffer martyrdom

EOCW Verb: to let, permit, pass over

1 Clement

102 ~OCpTupE~aeOC~'

0

y~v~aKWV)

ETEp6~

EYKP(XTE (3.)

OT~

>AvocAoy~a~~EeOC

K6a~ov)

EV TTI aOCpKL EaT ~ V

0

~~

&AOCCOVEU€aeW)

ETI~XOP~YWV OC~T~ T~V

~ocv .

EYEV~e~~EV)

KOCL

ocyvo~

TIO~O~

KOCL

TtVE~

EK TIotou T&¢OU KOCL

o~~~oupy~aoc~

TIpOETo~~&aoc~

T&~

Ela~yocYEv

TIotoc~

€K

oDV) &OEA¢ot)

Ela~AeOC~Ev

E l~

tA~~

TOV

aK6Tou~

0

El~

K6a~ov OC~TOU)

E~EpYEatoc~

TOV

OC~TOU

TIA&aoc~

TIpLV

~~&~

~~&~

YEvV~ellVoc~.

(4 . ) TOCUTOC oDv TI&VTOC

E~ OC~TOU

KOCT& TI&VTOC

E~xocp~aTE~v OC~T~ '

OClWVOC~

OCl~VWV .

Chap. (1.)

TWV

€XOVTE~

6¢EtAo~EV

~ ~ o6~oc

El~

TO~~

~WpOL

KOCL

&TIOCtOEUTO~

>A~~v.

39 "A¢pOVE~

KOCL

XAEu&Coua~v ~~&~ ETIoctpEaeOC~

TOC~~

(2.) Tt y&p

&a,JvETo~

KOCL

~UKT~ptCoua~v)

o~ocvotoc~~

O,JVOCTOC~

KOCL

EOCUTO~~

~ouA6~EVO~

OC~TWV.

eV~T6~;

~ Tt~

lax~~

y~yEVOU~ ;

A Reader's Edition

103

~ocpTupk~

(~OCpTU~) Verb: to bear testimony; to suffer martyrdom ocyv6~ Adjective: pure oc~oc(ov~uo~oc~ (oc~oc(wv) Verb: to boast ETI~xop~yk~ (ETIl) xop6~} &y~) Verb: to supply, give EYKPOCT~~OC} ~ (EV) KpOCTO~) Noun: self-control

1 Clem. 38:3 OCVOC~OYl(O~OC~ (ocvoc) ~ky~) Verb: to consider u~~} ~ Noun: wood, forest; material, matter ~takpxo~oc~ (~t~) ~pxo~oc~) Verb: to enter TOC~O~} 6 (6OCTIT~) Noun: grave, tomb aKOTO~} TO Noun: darkness TI~ocaa~ Verb: to form, shape, make, craft o~~~oupyk~ Verb: to work, form, create ~taocy~ (~t~) &y~) Verb: to bring in, lead in TIpO~TO~~OC(~ (TIpo) ETOL~O~) Verb: to prepare in

advance ~u~py~aloc}

~ (~V) ~pyov) Noun: service, act of kindness, good deed TIPlV (TIpo) conjunction (subord.): before; former y~vvoc~ (YlVO~OC~) Verb: to be parent of, bear, beget, engender

1 Clem. 38:4 6~~l~~ Verb: to be obligated, ought ~uxocp~aTk~ (~V) xocp~~) Verb: to give thanks oc~~v Particle (Hebrew): amen (Heb. 'truly')

1 Clem. 39:1 &~p~V (oc) ocauv~To~

~p~v)

Adjective: foolish, ignorant t~~~) Adjective: without understanding, uncomprehending ~~p6~ Adjective: foolish, stupid OCTIOClO~UTO~ (oc) TIOCl~) Adjective: uneducated, ignorant X~~uoc(~ Verb: to joke, scoff, jeer, mock ~UKT~pl(~ Verb: to mock, sneer ETIOClP~ (ETIl) octp~) Verb: to lift up, be presumptuous o~ocvo~oc} ~ (o~oc) voD~) Noun: mind, thought, intention

(oc) auv}

1 Clem. 39:2 6V~TO~ (6v~aK~) Adjective (verbal): mortal taxu~} ~ Noun: strength, might, power y~y~v~~ (YlVO~OC~) Adjective: earth-born

1 Clement

104 ~V ~op¢~

(3.) rEypOCUTOCL yocp ' OUK &AA'

~

KUp~OU)

KOCTOC

~~

yocp; ~

Koc9ocpo~

ot

€VOCVTL

&~€~UTO~

&v~p)

Oupocvo~

€U€Vo~a€v;

Koc9ocpo~

OE ou

€VWULOV OCUTOV' €OC OE)

WV

KOCTOLKOVVT€~

OLK~OC~

U~A~VOC~)

€~

U~AOV

€a~Ev.

MEuOCLa€V

OCUTO~~

TOV OCUTOV TpOUOV) €La~v'

€L

OCUTOV ou ULaT€U€L) KOCTOC OE &YYEAWV

OCUTOV aKoALov TL

(5.)

~pOTO~

€aTOCL

&uo TWV €Pywv OCUTOV

uoc~owv

6¢9OCA~WV ~OU)

¢WV~V ~KOUOV'

ocupOCV KOCt T~

(4.)

upo

KOCt &uo upwt9€v Uocpoc TO

~~

iw~

ouvoca9OCL

iauEpoc~ OCUTO~~

KOCt OCUTOt €K a~To~

OUK €TL

iOCUTOl~

~o~9~aOCL

&UQAOVTO.

(6.) €X€LV

'Ev€¢ua~a€v OCUTOl~) OCUTO~~

TLVOC ocY~wv &YYEAWV O~TI'

(8.) €U9EW~

U€UAOCV~~EVOV

OCUTWV

T~~

Uocpoc TO

aOL

~UOCKOUa€TocL)

~

€t

KOCt yocp &¢povoc &VOCLP€l

OE 9OCVOCTOl

'Eyw OE iWPOCKOC €~pw9~

€T€A€UT~aOCV

ao¢~ocv.

(7.) 'EULKOCA€aOCL OE) €t

6py~)

KOCt

&¢povoc~

~ O~OCLTOC .

C~AO~ . p~Coc~

~OCAOVTOC~)

&AA'

~~

A Reader's Edition

105

1 Clem. 39:3 ~Op¢~,

ocupoc,

¢wv~,

~ ~ ~

Noun: form, appearance Noun: breeze; whisper Noun: voice, sound (OC~~L)

1 Clem. 39:4 ~POTO~ Adjective: mortal, human OC~(~TITO~ (oc, ~E~O~OCL) Adjective:

blameless Adjective: crooked, bent; dishonest ETILVOEW Verb: to think of, about; to notice

aKoALo~

1 Clem. 39:5

EOCW Verb: to permit, pass over (also as interjection) KOCTOLKEW (KOCTOC, OTKO~) Verb: to settle, inhabit TI~ALVO~ TI~AO~,

(TI~AO~)

Adjective: made of clay

0 Noun: mud, clay

TIOClW Verb: to strike, hit a~~, 0 Noun: moth TpOTIO~, 0 (TPETIW) Noun: way, manner TIpwts(V (TIpO, 8EV) Adverb: from the morning EaTIEpOC, ~ (€aTI(po~) Noun: evening ~O~8EW

(~o~)

Verb: to help, aid, assist

1 Clem. 39:6 E~~aocw T(A(~TOCW

(EV, ¢uw) Verb: to breath in, upon (TEAO~)

Verb: to die; to finish

1 Clem. 39:7

ETILKOCAEW (ETIl, KOCAEW) Verb: to calIon, summon (~TIO, &KOUW) Verb: to obey; to hear, listen oc¢pwv (oc, ¢p~v) Adjective: foolish, ignorant &VOCLpEW (&voc, OCtPEW) Verb: to destroy, carry off

~TIOCKOUW

opy~,

~

Noun: wrath, anger

TIAOCVOCW (TIA&V~) Verb: to deceive, lead astray 8OCVOCTOW (8VnaKw) Verb: to put to death 1 Clem. 39:8

oc¢pWV (oc, ¢p~v) Adjective: foolish, ignorant PlCOC, ~ Noun: root; origin

(U8EW~ «(U8U~) Adverb: immediately, at once, suddenly ~L~p~aKw Verb: to eat OlOCLTOC, ~ Noun: habitation; food, diet; lifestyle

.101d~~~~ ~3L~n010ll

1~~

3L

~~Od1~~

JOL~3~D9dll~3

~~L~~

~10~~~A~L3LDOdll

~~dO¢DOdll

~~OL

~~o

'~OL~~

~L U~3

~L~3~D9dll~3

~~JD9 ~qL~~

(13x~e

,~l

13D~~0~~3

(13D~xnod

1~eD~3X3L1llf

.~1~d~

1~~

~3Dn3X~~f ~~X3~1llf

1~~

.~no~~~A~L3L

~~3X3L1llf ~L~~ll

~uL9llD3~

~~3D~~A 1~~

~D?

9

~~J3e

1L~~~X3e

~~3~9~1A ~L~~ll

~1~

1~~

~10~~~D1d~

~~L~~L~ ~ ~~13

~~JAdnoL13X

10 (ov)

~OL~~ ~L~Ld3ll~ ~L ~3D1d~

~~~JL

~~Od1~~

~f

~~o

,XX~

1~~

~~Od1~~

3L

~L~~

(~3~OXJ3¢9

101~~J~

9

1~LD?

10L3dJ~3f (1~LD~~JOL~

~~o

'~~JdUL~D

~uemelJ

1

~~o

1~~ qll~

~~~~~

~10~J3~f

(~~~9DD~ ~1~d~e ~~L~~

101n 10

~f

(1~eD3~JA

~~1

d~A

~3L9¢n~3~Af

1ll f

10L~~

Vu

(o~)

~3Dn3X~~f

~~X~~odU

~~

(o()

~~310ll 133~L

~13

~~~~ ~~o

~Oll

(1~eD~3X3L1llf

~~dO¢DOdll

~~L ue~d ~L

~~L~OL ~~L~~

3L

Ov ·1~L~OD?

~~L

(°1) °deqJ

.1~L~0~?

'~0~3~~od1~3f

~~DUJ3eD1dd~xo~

OL~10~~A ~dd9U

(°6)

901

107

A Reader's Edition 1 Clem. 39:9

TIOpPW (TIpo) Adverb: far away KOA~~PLCO~~L (KOAOCCW) ~pL8w) Verb: to be derided 8Up~)

~

Noun: door

~aawv Adjective (comparative): less, €~~LP£W (€K) ~tp£w) Verb: to remove,

worse set free

ETOL~OCCW (ETOL~O~) Verb: to prepare €~~LPETO~ (€K) ~tp£w) Adjective: chosen,

delivered, excepted, separated 1 Clem. 40:1 TIpOO~AO~

(TIpo) O~AO~) Adjective: very evident €YKUTITW (€V) KUTITW) Verb: to examine, study ~oc8o~) TO (~~8U~) Noun: depth

8ELO~ (8E6~) Adjective: TOC~L~) ~ (Tocaaw) Noun:

divine order, arrangement, sequence o¢ELAW Verb: to be obligated, ought €TILTEA£W (€TIL) T£AO~) Verb: to complete, perform KEAEUW Verb: to command, order Tocaaw Verb: to arrange, order; to appoint; to fix 1 Clem. 40:2 ~ (TIpo~) ¢£pw) Noun: offering AELTOUPYL~) ~ (A~O~) €pyov) Noun: service; worship €TIL~EAW~ (€TIL) ~£AW) Adverb: carefully, thoroughly €TILTEA£W (€TIL) T£AO~) Verb: to complete, perform

TIpoa¢opoc)

ELKTI Adverb: in vain; randomly, haphazardly (~) Tocaaw) Adverb: disorderly; arbitrarily KEAEUW Verb: to command, order OPLCW (opo~) Verb: to determine, fix, appoint &TOCKTW~

1 Clem. 40:3

€TILTEA£W (€TIL) T£AO~) Verb: to complete, perform OPLCW (opo~) Verb: to determine, fix, appoint

UTI£pT~TO~ Adjective (superlative): loftiest ~ouA~aL~) ~ Noun: will, desire oaLw~ (oaLo~) Adverb: in a holy manner EuooK~aL~) ~ (EU) OOK£W) Noun: approval, pleasure EUTIpOaOEKTo~ (EU) TIpo~) O£XO~~L) Adjective (verbal):

acceptable 1 Clem. 40:4

TIpOaTOCaaw TIpoa¢opoc)

(TIpo~)

Tocaaw) Verb: to command, order

~ (TIpo~) ¢£pw) Noun: offering EUTIpOaOEKTo~ Adjective (verbal): acceptable

108

1 Clement

TOl~

yocp

VO~l~O~~

OCKOAOu8oUVTE~

TOU OEaTIOTOU

ou

O~Q:~Q:pT~dAA!

1~~

'MM~1~ n~L

n~L~~ ~n~Do~~n~ ~L n~

n~~99

1~~

~038 ~OL

3L n~D~8d~ll~

13D~810ll3ll n~