Методические указания по выполнению дипломной работы для студентов специализации 1-31 03 02-01 09 «Компьютерная механика» направления специальности 1-31 03 02-01 «Механика (научно-производственная деятельность)»

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Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ ȻȿɅɈɊɍɋɋɄɂɃ ɇȺɐɂɈɇȺɅɖɇɕɃ ɌȿɏɇɂɑȿɋɄɂɃ ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌ Ʉɚɮɟɞɪɚ «Ɍɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɚ»

Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ 1-31 03 02-01 09 «Ʉɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɚɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɚ» ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ 1-31 03 02-01 «Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɤɚ (ɧɚɭɱɧɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ)»

ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɟ

Ɇɢɧɫɤ 2010

ɍȾɄ 531.1 ɋɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ: Ƚ.ɇ. Ⱥɥɟɯɧɨɜɢɱ, ȿ.ɋ. ɋɟɥɢɰɤɚɹ Ɋɟɰɟɧɡɟɧɬɵ: Ɇ.Ⱦ. Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɟɧɤɨ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ «Ɍɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɚɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɚ» ȻȽɍ, ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ; ɂ.ɋ. Ʉɭɥɢɤɨɜ, ɡɚɜɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɟɣ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ «Ɉɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɹɞɟɪɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ – ɋɨɫɧɵ» ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɢ, ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ

Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ-ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ 1-31 03 02-01 09 «Ʉɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɚɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɚ» ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ 1-31 03 02-01 «Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɤɚ (ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ)» ɦɚɲɢɧɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬɚ ȻɇɌɍ. ɍɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɤ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɢɸ ɢ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɸ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.

Ȼɟɥɨɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɩɪ-ɬ ɇɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ, 65, ɝ. Ɇɢɧɫɤ, Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ Ɍɟɥ.(017) 293-91-97 ɮɚɤɫ (017) 292-91-37 Ɋɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ʋ ȻɇɌɍ/ɆɋɎ25 – 1.2010

© ȻɇɌɍ, 2010 © Ƚ.ɇ. Ⱥɥɟɯɧɨɜɢɱ, ȿ.ɋ. ɋɟɥɢɰɤɚɹ, 2010

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ɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɇɂȿ ȼȼȿȾȿɇɂȿ................................................................................................................. 5 1. ɈȻɓɂȿ ɌɊȿȻɈȼȺɇɂə Ʉ ȾɂɉɅɈɆɇɈɃ ɊȺȻɈɌȿ ................................... 6 1.1. Ɂɚɞɚɱɢ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ................................................................................ 6 1.2. ȼɵɛɨɪ ɬɟɦ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ........................................................................... 6 1.3. Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ, ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚ-ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɢɤɚ ................ 7 1.4. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɧɚɞ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ. ɋɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɫɩɪɚɜɤɢ ɢ ɩɥɚɧɩɪɨɫɩɟɤɬɚ................................................................................................................... 8 1.5. Ɉɬɡɵɜ ɢ ɪɟɰɟɧɡɢɹ ɧɚ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ...................................................... 11 1.6. Ɂɚɳɢɬɚ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ............................................................................. 12 1.7. Ɍɢɩɢɱɧɵɟ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ......................................................... 15 2. ȼɂȾɕ, ɌȿɆȺɌɂɄȺ ɂ ɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɇɂȿ ȾɂɉɅɈɆɇɈɃ ɊȺȻɈɌɕ ɉɊɈȿɄɌɂɊɈȼȺɇɂə............................................................................................. 17 2.1. Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ............... 17 2.2. Ⱦɢɩɥɨɦɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ................................................. 17 2.3. Ⱦɢɩɥɨɦɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ................................................. 18 2.4. Ⱦɢɩɥɨɦɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ.............................................. 20 2.5. ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɵ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ...................................................... 20 3. ɋɌɊɍɄɌɍɊȺ ɂ ɈɎɈɊɆɅȿɇɂȿ ɉɈəɋɇɂɌȿɅɖɇɈɃ ɁȺɉɂɋɄɂ ....... 21 3.1. Ɍɢɬɭɥɶɧɵɣ ɥɢɫɬ ............................................................................................... 21 3.2. Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ ............................................................................................................. 22 3.3. Ɋɟɮɟɪɚɬ ............................................................................................................. 22 3.4. ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ...................................................................................................... 22 3.5. ɉɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɯ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ, ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ, ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜ.............................. 22 3.6. ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ........................................................................................................... 23 3.7. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ................................................................................................ 23 3.8. Ɂɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ....................................................................................................... 24 3.9. ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ............................................................ 25 3.10. ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ................................................................................................... 25 4. ɐȿɅɂ ɂ ɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɇɂȿ ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɈȽɈ ɄɈɇɌɊɈɅə .......... 26 5. ɐȿɅɂ ɂ ɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɇɂȿ ɇɈɊɆɈɄɈɇɌɊɈɅə .......................................... 29

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ɉɊɂɅɈɀȿɇɂə ...................................................................................................... 33 ɉɊɂɅɈɀȿɇɂȿ Ⱥ Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ............................... 33 ɉɊɂɅɈɀȿɇɂȿ Ȼ Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɬɢɬɭɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɫɬɚ ɩɨɹɫɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɩɢɫɤɢ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ................................................................................................. 34 ɉɊɂɅɈɀȿɇɂȿ ȼ Ɉɛɪɚɡɟɰ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɮɟɪɚɬɚ ɤ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ (ɩɨɹɫɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɩɢɫɤɟ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ) ...................................................... 35 ɉɊɂɅɈɀȿɇɂȿ Ƚ Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɜɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ................. 36 ɉɊɂɅɈɀȿɇɂȿ Ⱦ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɵ, ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ....................................................... 37 ɉɊɂɅɈɀȿɇɂȿ ȿ Ɉɛɪɚɡɟɰ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɫɩɪɚɜɤɢ ɤ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ........... 40 ɉɊɂɅɈɀȿɇɂȿ ɀ Ɉɛɪɚɡɟɰ ɩɥɚɧ-ɩɪɨɫɩɟɤɬɚ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.................. 45

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ȼȼȿȾȿɇɂȿ Ⱦɢɩɥɨɦɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɚɸɳɢɦ ɷɬɚɩɨɦ ɜ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɚ. ɉɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬ-ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɢɤ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɟ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɶ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɭ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɢ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.

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1. ɈȻɓɂȿ ɌɊȿȻɈȼȺɇɂə Ʉ ȾɂɉɅɈɆɇɈɃ ɊȺȻɈɌȿ

1.1. Ɂɚɞɚɱɢ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ

ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɷɬɚɩɨɦ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɜɵɫɲɟɦ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɦ ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ. Ⱦɢɩɥɨɦɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɧɢɤɚ. ɉɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɸ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɟɝɨ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɩɟɪɟɞ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɷɤɡɚɦɟɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɟɣ (ȽɗɄ) ɞɟɥɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɧɢɤɭ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ. ɐɟɥɢ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ:  ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɢɡɛɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ;  ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ;  ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɱɢɤɚɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ;  ɜɵɹɫɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɚ ɧɚɭɤɢ, ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ.

1.2. ȼɵɛɨɪ ɬɟɦ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ

Ɍɟɦɚɬɢɤɚ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɸ ɢ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɚɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɧɚɭɤɢ, ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ. Ɍɟɦɚɬɢɤɚ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɢ ɢɯ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɸɳɟɣ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɨɣ ɢ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɨɜɟɬɨɦ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬɚ. ɉɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ. ɋɬɭɞɟɧɬɚɦ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɬɟɦɵ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. Ɍɟɦɵ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ, ɧɚɭɱɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɝɞɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɧɢɤɨɜ. ɋɬɭɞɟɧɬ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɸ ɬɟɦɭ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɜ ɟɟ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ. Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɬɶ ɬɟɦɵ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ, ɨɛɳɟɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ, ɨɛɳɟɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɜɢɞɨɦ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.

7

1.3. Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ, ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚ-ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɢɤɚ

Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɥɢɰɚ ɢɡ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪɫɤɨɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɭɡɚ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪɚ ɢ ɞɨɰɟɧɬɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɵ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɭɡɚ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ. ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɟɦɨɣ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜɵɞɚɟɬ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɭ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɭɸ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭ ɩɨ ɫɛɨɪɭ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɤ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ. Ɉɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɭ ɜɵɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɢ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɚɜɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɨɣ, ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɪɨɤɚ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. ɗɬɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ȽɗɄ. Ⱦɢɩɥɨɦɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɦ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɤɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɦ ɩɥɚɧɨɦ ɩɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɜ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɤ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ. Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɨɛɹɡɚɧ:  ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɢ ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɜɵɞɚɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ;  ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɭ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɜ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɚ-ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ ɧɚ ɜɟɫɶ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ;  ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɭ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɭɸ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɭɸ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ, ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɵɟ ɢ ɚɪɯɢɜɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ, ɬɢɩɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɩɨ ɬɟɦɟ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ;  ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɥɚɧɨɦ-ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɦ ɛɟɫɟɞɵ ɫɨ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɦ, ɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɭ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɢ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ;  ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɯɨɞ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢ ɧɟɫɬɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɟɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɩɥɨɬɶ ɞɨ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ;  ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɨɬɡɵɜ ɨ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ. ɉɨ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɸ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɟ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɩɪɢɝɥɚɲɚɬɶ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚɦ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɥɢɦɢɬɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ. Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚɦ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪɚ ɢ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɜɵɫɲɢɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɵ ɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ. ȼ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɵ ɩɨ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɟ, ɨɯɪɚɧɟ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ

8

ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɨɜ ɢɡ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɤɚɮɟɞɪ ɜɵɫɲɟɝɨ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɧɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɸɬ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢ ɫɬɚɜɹɬ ɫɜɨɸ ɩɨɞɩɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɬɢɬɭɥɶɧɨɦ ɥɢɫɬɟ. ȼɵɩɭɫɤɚɸɳɚɹ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɢɤɚ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɚ ɩɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ. ȼɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɬɟɦɭ ɢ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɞɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɩɪɟɞɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɶ ɷɬɢ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɸɳɭɸ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɭ (Ɏ.ɂ.Ɉ. ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚ, ɬɟɦɚ, Ɏ.ɂ.Ɉ., ɦɟɫɬɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ). ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɟ, ɨɯɪɚɧɟ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɭ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɨɜ. ɉɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬ-ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɢɤ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɪɢɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ, ɜ ɫɪɨɤ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɭ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɤɭɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɤ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɣ. ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɦ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɯɨɞɚɬɚɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɸɳɟɣ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɨɣ ɨɛ ɨɬɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬ-ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɢɤ ɨɛɹɡɚɧ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɩɨɹɫɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɡɚɩɢɫɤɭ (ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜ ɪɚɫɲɢɬɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ) ɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɧɨ ɫɨ ɜɫɟɦɢ ɩɨɞɩɢɫɹɦɢ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɨɜ ɧɨɪɦɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɪɭ, ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɟ, ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɪɦɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɪɦɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬ-ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɢɤ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɪɨɣɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɡɚɳɢɬɭ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɢ, ɪɟɰɟɧɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɜ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɟɤɪɟɬɚɪɟɦ ȽɗɄ ɞɟɧɶ ɹɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɟɪɟɞ ȽɗɄ.

1.4. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɧɚɞ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ. ɋɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɫɩɪɚɜɤɢ ɢ ɩɥɚɧ-ɩɪɨɫɩɟɤɬɚ

Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɧɚɞ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɦ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɜɭɡɟ. ɉɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɬɟɦɚɦ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ, ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɜ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ. Ɂɚ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɟ ɜ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɫɟɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɧɵɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬ - ɚɜɬɨɪ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.

9

ɋɬɭɞɟɧɬ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɬɟɦɭ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɡɚɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɟɤɪɟɬɚɪɸ ȽɗɄ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɵɣ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚ ɜɟɫɶ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɬɚɩɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɹ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ (ɩɨɞɩɢɫɶ) ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɜɟɞɭɸɳɟɦɭ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɸɳɟɣ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɨɣ. ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ, ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬ-ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɢɤ ɨɫɜɚɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ. ɂɡɭɱɚɟɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɸ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ, ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɢ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ. ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɦ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧ ɨɛɡɨɪ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɩɨ ɬɟɦɟ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɩɥɚɧ-ɩɪɨɫɩɟɤɬ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɵ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɨɜ. ɐɟɥɶɸ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɢ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ, ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɭɛɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɨɤ. ɑɚɫɬɶɸ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɢɫɤ. ɉɨɢɫɤ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɱɢɫɬɨɬɵ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɚɜ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɨɨɛɥɚɞɚɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ɐɟɥɢ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ: - ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ, ɭɬɪɚɬɢɜɲɢɯ ɫɢɥɭ ɢɥɢ ɚɧɧɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɨɜ; - ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɨɜ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ; - ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɪɨɤɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ: - ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ (ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɣ) ɩɨɢɫɤ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧ, ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɣ (ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ, ɬɨɜɚɪɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɤɨɜ), ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɦɭ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ; - ɢɦɟɧɧɨɣ (ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ) ɩɨɢɫɤ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧ ɧɚ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ (ɮɢɪɦɵ). ɑɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɨɧ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɷɬɚɩɨɦ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ; - ɧɭɦɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɪɹɞ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ, ɤɚɫɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ: ɟɝɨ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ, ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɚ.

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ɉɨɢɫɤ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɨɜ-ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɨɜ, ɜɵɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨ ɢ ɬɨɠɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɟ. ɉɚɬɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬ ɫ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ. ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɢɞ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ, ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɟɦɚɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ, ɫɬɪɚɧɚ, ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ: 1. Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ. 2. Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ. 3. ɉɨɢɫɤ ɢ ɨɬɛɨɪ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɤɨɧɴɸɧɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ. 4. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ. 5. Ɉɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɱɟɬɚ ɨ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ. ȼ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɥɚɧ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɜɢɞ:  ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ;  ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ;  ɩɨɢɫɤ ɢ ɨɬɛɨɪ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ;  ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɱɟɬɚ ɨ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ. ɉɪɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɬɟɦɭ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ, ɬ.ɟ. ɨɞɧɭ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ. ɉɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɦɵ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɜɫɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɵ ɤ ɩɹɬɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦ: ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ; ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ; ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ; ɲɬɚɦɦɵ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ; ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ, ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɩɨ ɧɨɜɨɦɭ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ: ɪɚɡɛɢɜɤɭ ɬɟɦɵ ɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ; ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɚɧ; ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ; ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ; ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɩɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɆɄɂ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɩɨ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɛɸɥɥɟɬɟɧɹɦ «Ɉɬɤɪɵɬɢɹ, ɢɡɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɹ», «ɉɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ, ɬɨɜɚɪɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɤɢ» ɢ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟɦ ɢɡɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɣ ɤ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɢɦ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɦ ɢ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɚɦ. Ƚɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ - ɩɹɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɥɟɬ. Ɍɟɦɚ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɆɄɂ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɚɥɮɚɜɢɬɧɨ-ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɦ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɤ ɆɄɂ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɹɸɬ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɫɩɪɚɜɤɢ (ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ Ⱥ). ɉɥɚɧ-ɩɪɨɫɩɟɤɬ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɯ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɨɜ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɤɪɚɬɤɢɦ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟɦ ɢɯ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ, ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɣ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɜ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɟɣ (ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ Ȼ).

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Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɨ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɞɜɭɯ ɧɟɞɟɥɶ ɨɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɩɪɟɞɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ.

1.5. Ɉɬɡɵɜ ɢ ɪɟɰɟɧɡɢɹ ɧɚ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ

Ɂɚɤɨɧɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ, ɩɨɞɩɢɫɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɦ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɚɦɢ, ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɸ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɧɟɟ ɨɬɡɵɜ. ȼ ɨɬɡɵɜɟ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɵ:  ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɦɵ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ;  ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɪɟɲɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ;  ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɦ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ;  ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚ;  ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ;  ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚ ɤ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ;  ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ;  ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ;  ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɧɢɤɭ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ. Ⱦɢɩɥɨɦɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɢ ɨɬɡɵɜ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɭɸ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɸ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɡɚɫɥɭɲɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚ ɩɨ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɸ, ɜɵɹɫɧɹɟɬ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚ ɤ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ. Ⱦɨɩɭɫɤ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚ ɤ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞɩɢɫɶɸ ɡɚɜɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɨɣ ɧɚ ɬɢɬɭɥɶɧɨɦ ɥɢɫɬɟ ɩɨɹɫɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɩɢɫɤɢ ɤ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ. ȿɫɥɢ ɡɚɜɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɨɣ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɵɜɨɞɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɢ ɧɟ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚ ɤ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ, ɷɬɨɬ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɡɚɫɟɞɚɧɢɢ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ ɫ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. ɉɪɢ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥ ɡɚɫɟɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɞɟɤɚɧɚ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬɚ ɧɚ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɤɬɨɪɭ, ɩɨɫɥɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧ ɧɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. Ⱦɢɩɥɨɦɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ, ɞɨɩɭɳɟɧɧɚɹ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɸɳɟɣ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɨɣ ɤ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɜɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɨɣ ɧɚ ɪɟɰɟɧɡɢɸ. Ɋɟɰɟɧɡɟɧɬɵ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɟɤɚɧɨɦ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬɚ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɡɚɜɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɨɣ ɧɟ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɫɹɰɚ ɞɨ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɢɡ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪɫɤɨ-ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɤɚɮɟɞɪ ɢ ɜɭɡɨɜ, ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ. ȼ ɪɟɰɟɧɡɢɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɵ:  ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɦɵ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ;

12

 ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɸ;  ɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɹɫɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɩɢɫɤɢ;  ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɩɨ ɬɟɦɟ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɡɨɪɚ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɵ ɢ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɬɚ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ;  ɩɨɥɧɨɬɚ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ, ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ, ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ;  ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɜɨɞɨɜ ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ;  ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ;  ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɢ ɫɥɚɛɵɟ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ;  ɡɚɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɹɫɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɩɢɫɤɢ ɤ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɢ ɫɬɢɥɸ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ;  ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ ȿɋɄȾ, ȿɋɌȾ;  ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɩɪɢ 10-ɛɚɥɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ: ɨɬ 1 (ɨɞɢɧ) ɞɨ 10 (ɞɟɫɹɬɶ);  ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɧɢɤɭ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ. Ɋɟɰɟɧɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ 2-3 ɞɧɹ. ȼ ɪɟɰɟɧɡɢɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɶ, Ɏ.ɂ.Ɉ. ɪɟɰɟɧɡɟɧɬɚ. ȿɫɥɢ ɪɟɰɟɧɡɟɧɬ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɨɦ ȻɇɌɍ, ɬɨ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɞɩɢɫɶ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɜɟɪɟɧɚ ɩɟɱɚɬɶɸ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɧ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ. Ɋɟɰɟɧɡɟɧɬ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɡɚɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɬɶ ɭ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚ – ɚɜɬɨɪɚ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ, ɤɚɫɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɪɨɞɟɥɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. ɋɬɭɞɟɧɬ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɥɟɧ ɫ ɪɟɰɟɧɡɢɟɣ ɞɨ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɧɚ ȽɗɄ.

1.6. Ɂɚɳɢɬɚ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ

ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɉɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɨ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɷɤɡɚɦɟɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɹɯ. ɉɟɪɟɞ ɡɚɳɢɬɨɣ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ ȽɗɄ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ: Ʉ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ (ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ) ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ: - ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬ ɩɟɱɚɬɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɥɢɫɬɚɯ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ Ⱥ4: 1) ɩɨɹɫɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɡɚɩɢɫɤɚ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ (ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ); 2) ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ; 3) ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ; 4) ɨɩɢɫɶ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ (ɪɚɛɨɬɵ), ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɢɫɤɟɬɚɯ 3,5" ɢɥɢ

13

ɤɨɦɩɚɤɬ-ɞɢɫɤɟ; 5) ɨɬɡɵɜ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ; 6) ɪɟɰɟɧɡɢɹ; - ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɧɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɦ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ: 1) ɜ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɟ DOC - ɩɨɹɫɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɡɚɩɢɫɤɚ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ (ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ); 2) ɜ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɟ PRG - ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɮɚɣɥɵ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ (ɪɚɛɨɬɵ); 3) ɜ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɟ ȿɏȿ ɮɚɣɥ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ; 4) ɮɚɣɥɵ ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ; 5) ɨɩɢɫɶ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ (ɪɚɛɨɬɵ). ɋɬɭɞɟɧɬ ɧɟɫɟɬ ɩɨɥɧɭɸ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɩɨɥɧɨɬɭ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɭɸɫɹ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ. ȼ ȽɗɄ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɭɸ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɣ ɢ ɢɡɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɣ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɟɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɜ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ, ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɜɢɞɚɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ, ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɦ ɩɥɚɧɨɦ. Ɂɚɳɢɬɚ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɦ ɡɚɫɟɞɚɧɢɢ ȽɗɄ ɫ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɢ. Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ - ɞɨɤɥɚɞ-ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ. Ⱦɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɚ-ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ - 10-15 ɦɢɧɭɬ. Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɚ: ɜɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ, ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚ, ɩɭɬɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ, ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɵ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ, ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ. ȼɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɦ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɬɶ ɢɡ ɨɞɧɨɣ-ɞɜɭɯ ɮɪɚɡ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ, ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɬɟɦɚ ȾɊ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɱɟɬɤɨ ɢ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɰɟɥɶ ȾɊ, ɞɚɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ. ɗɬɨ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɤɪɭɝ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ȾɊ, ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ. Ⱥɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ȾɊ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɢɨɧɟɪɫɤɢɦɢ, ɨɧɢ ɛɚɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɭɠɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɹɯ, ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɯ, ɢɦɟɸɬ ɧɟɤɭɸ "ɨɫɧɨɜɭ", ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɢ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ. ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɷɬɨ ɧɚɞɨ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨ ɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚ. Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɷɬɨɬ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɜ ɨɛɡɨɪɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚɯ ȾɊ. ɉɭɬɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ - ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɨɜ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɚ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɤɪɚɬɤɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɵ ɤ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ, ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɵɣ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ,

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ɨɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɶ, ɤɚɤ ɪɟɲɚɥɚɫɶ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ, ɢ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɥɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɟɝɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɝ ɚɜɬɨɪ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɵ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɰɟɥɹɦ. ɀɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɢɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ, ɚ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɟɟ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ. ȼ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ȾɊ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɵ (ɨɯɪɚɧɚ ɬɪɭɞɚ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɚ) ɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɟ ɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨ ɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɶ. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨ ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɯ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɡɜɚɬɶ ɬɟɦɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɬɚɦ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ. ȼ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɤɪɚɬɤɨ ɢɡɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɭ ɩɨɹɫɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɩɢɫɤɢ. ɉɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ. ȼ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɫɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ. ɑɟɪɬɟɠ, ɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɜ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɟ ɧɟ ɫɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɢ ɫɥɨɜɚ, ɹɜɧɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ "ɥɢɲɧɢɦ". ɋɨɫɬɚɜ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɚ ɢ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɧɚɢɥɭɱɲɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɞɨɤɥɚɞ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɧɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɥɨ ɧɟɭɞɨɛɧɨɣ ɩɚɭɡɵ, ɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɱɟɬɤɨ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɢɬɶ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɟ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɚ ɢ ɩɨɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɢɬɶ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ȽɗɄ ɡɚ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɚ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɧɢɤ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ȽɗɄ. ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɤɚɫɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɬɟɦɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɨɛɳɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɨɣ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɜɭɡɟ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ȽɗɄ ɫ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɟɞɚɬɟɥɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɡɚɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɧɚ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɪɟɰɟɧɡɟɧɬ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɟɝɨ ɪɟɰɟɧɡɢɹ. ɇɚ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɡɚɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɰɟɧɡɟɧɬɚ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɧɢɤ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɞɚɬɶ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɫɨ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɨɬɡɵɜɨɦ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɟɟ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ, ɡɚɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɡɵɜ. Ⱦɢɩɥɨɦɧɢɤ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ, ɡɧɚɬɶ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɬɟɯ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɨɜ ɢ ɬɟɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ȾɊ. Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɚ. ɉɪɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɦ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɟ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɭɝɚɞɚɬɶ, ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɧɢɦ. Ɂɚɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɰɟɧɡɟɧɬɚ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵ ɢ ɤ ɨɬɜɟɬɚɦ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ. Ɉɬɜɟɬɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭ, ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɦɢ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ. ȿɫɥɢ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɧɟɬ, ɬɨ ɫ ɡɚɦɟɱɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɪɟɰɟɧɡɟɧɬɚ ɥɭɱɲɟ

15

ɫɨɝɥɚɫɢɬɶɫɹ. ȿɫɥɢ ɡɚɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ, ɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɭɱɟɫɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɚ. Ɂɚɳɢɬɚ ȾɊ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɸ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɟɳɟ ɪɚɡ ɜɫɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ, ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɦɚɬɶ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ (ɜɩɥɨɬɶ ɞɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ, ɪɨɥɢɤɨɜ), ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ. Ⱦɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɲɚɧɫɵ ɧɚ ɭɫɩɟɯ ɢ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɩɪɢɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɫɹ ȽɗɄɨɦ. Ɂɚɳɢɬɚ ɡɚɤɚɧɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɧɢɤɭ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɨɧ ɜɩɪɚɜɟ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɟ ɦɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɡɚɦɟɱɚɧɢɹɦ ɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɹɦ, ɫɞɟɥɚɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ȽɗɄ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬ ɫɜɨɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɧɚ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɡɚɫɟɞɚɧɢɹ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɟɞɚɬɟɥɹ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɢ ɪɟɰɟɧɡɟɧɬɵ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ. ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɡɚɫɟɞɚɧɢɹ ɱɥɟɧɵ ȽɗɄ:  ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɸɬ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɨɰɟɧɤɚɦɢ 10 (ɞɟɫɹɬɶ) – 0 (ɧɨɥɶ);  ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɸɬ ɜɵɞɚɬɶ ɞɢɩɥɨɦ ɨ ɜɵɫɲɟɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɢɥɢ ɛɟɡ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɹ;  ɯɨɞɚɬɚɣɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɚɫɩɢɪɚɧɬɭɪɭ ɢ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɬɭɪɭ. Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɡɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɭ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨɦ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ȽɗɄ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɦ ɝɨɥɨɫɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ. ɋɬɭɞɟɧɬɚɦ, ɧɟ ɡɚɳɢɳɚɜɲɢɦ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɩɨ ɭɜɚɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ (ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɧɨɣ), ɪɟɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɜɭɡɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɨɞɥɟɧ ɫɪɨɤ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ȽɗɄ ɩɨ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ. ɋɬɭɞɟɧɬɵ, ɧɟ ɫɞɚɜɲɢɟ ɷɤɡɚɦɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɧɨɦ ɤɭɪɫɟ ɢɥɢ ɧɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɢɜɲɢɟ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɩɨ ɭɜɚɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ, ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɸɬɫɹ ɤ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɟɯ ɥɟɬ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ ɜɭɡɚ.

1.7. Ɍɢɩɢɱɧɵɟ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ

Ɉɲɢɛɤɢ, ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ ȾɊ, ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵ ɢ, ɤ ɫɨɠɚɥɟɧɢɸ, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬ ɤ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ ɪɚɛɨɬ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɯɨɪɨɲɟɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ. ɇɢɠɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɬɢɩɢɱɧɵɟ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɨɣ ɤ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ. ɇɟɭɞɚɱɧɵɣ ɞɨɤɥɚɞ, ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɧɟ ɹɫɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɥ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɚɜɬɨɪ ɢ ɱɬɨ ɨɧ ɫɞɟɥɚɥ. Ʉɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ – ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɢɞɭɬ ɧɟ ɩɨ ɬɟɦ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚɦ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ, ɝɞɟ ɚɜɬɨɪ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɱɬɨ-ɬɨ ɞɟɥɚɥ, ɚ ɩɨ ɨɛɳɢɦ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟ ɨɠɢɞɚɥɢɫɶ.

16

Ⱦɨɤɥɚɞ ɡɚɬɹɧɭɬ. ɉɪɟɞɫɟɞɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɪɟɪɵɜɚɟɬ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɢɤɚ, ɩɪɨɫɢɬ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬ ɢ ɡɚɤɚɧɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɞɨɤɥɚɞ. ɋɬɭɞɟɧɬ ɫɛɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɞɨɤɥɚɞ ɫɤɨɦɤɚɧ, ɜɩɟɱɚɬɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɩɨɪɱɟɧɨ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɬ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɨɜ ɭ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ ɧɟɬ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɟ "... ɩɨɫɥɟ ɞɨɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɷɬɨ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɫɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ...", ɜɨɩɪɨɫ – "Ƚɞɟ?"). Ⱥɜɬɨɪ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɡɜɚɬɶ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ, ɤɪɨɦɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ, ɨɝɨɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɟ. Ⱦɢɩɥɨɦɧɢɤ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɡɚɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɰɟɧɡɟɧɬɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɟɦɭ ɛɵɥɢ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ. Ⱦɢɩɥɨɦɧɢɤ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɧɟ ɧɚ ɬɨɬ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɛɵɥ ɟɦɭ ɡɚɞɚɧ. Ⱦɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɚ, ɧɚɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɫɛɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɨɧɢ ɧɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ. Ⱦɢɩɥɨɦɧɢɤ ɩɥɨɯɨ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɤ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ, ɚɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɧ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɩɨ ȾɊ ɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɤɥɚɞ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ, ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɫ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ, ɨɬɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ. Ⱦɚɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚ (ɱɬɨ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟɢɡɛɟɠɧɨ) ɞɨɤɥɚɞ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɪɟɪɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɦɤɚɬɶɫɹ. Ɉɱɟɧɶ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨ ɨɬɪɟɩɟɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɨɤɥɚɞ ɫ ɤɨɥɥɟɝɚɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɨɮɨɧ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɩɪɨɫɥɭɲɚɬɶ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɨɛɫɭɞɢɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ ɧɚ ɡɚɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɰɟɧɡɟɧɬɚ ɫ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ ȾɊ.

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2. ȼɂȾɕ, ɌȿɆȺɌɂɄȺ ɂ ɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɇɂȿ ȾɂɉɅɈɆɇɈɃ ɊȺȻɈɌɕ ɉɊɈȿɄɌɂɊɈȼȺɇɂə

2.1. Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ

ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɚ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ, ɪɟɲɚɟɦɨɣ ɜ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ, ɢɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɢɞɵ: ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪɫɤɢɟ, ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɟ. Ⱦɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɜɢɞ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. Ɍɟɦɚɬɢɤɚ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɸ ɢ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɚɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ, ɨɬɜɟɱɚɬɶ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɟɦɭ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ 1, ɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬɶ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɭ:  ɩɪɨɹɜɢɬɶ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪɫɤɨɟ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ;  ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɗȼɆ, ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ (ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɧɨ-ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ, ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.).

2.2. Ⱦɢɩɥɨɦɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ

ȼ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɪɟɲɚɸɬɫɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɢɥɢ ɭɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɸ (ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ) ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ, ɭɡɥɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ (ɛɥɨɤɨɜ, ɫɭɛɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.), ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɜ ɢɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ ɢ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɷɫɤɢɡɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɫ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɦ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ (ɱɟɪɬɟɠɚɯ). ɂɡ-ɡɚ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ, ɭɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɦ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪɫɤɢɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɦ ɞɚɠɟ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɞɟɬɚɥɢ ɧɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ. ȼ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɦ - ɩɹɬɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɦ, ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ. ȼ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɤ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɚɬɶ ɪɚɫɩɟɱɚɬɤɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɗȼɆ, ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ (ɬɢɬɭɥɶɧɵɣ ɥɢɫɬ, ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ, ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.).

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Ƚɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɟɣ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ Ⱥ1:  ɫɯɟɦɵ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ, ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ;  ɫɛɨɪɨɱɧɵɣ ɱɟɪɬɟɠ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ;  ɫɛɨɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɡɥɨɜ;  ɱɟɪɬɟɠɢ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ;  ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ, ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ – 1-3 ɥ. ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ Ⱥ1. Ƚɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɚɤɟɬɨɜ ɋȺɉɊ (PCAD, AutoCAD, T-FLEX ɢ ɞɪ.) ɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ (Photoshop, Coreldraw, VisioPro ɢ ɞɪ.).

2.3. Ⱦɢɩɥɨɦɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ

ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɚ, ɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɭ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ. ȼ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɭɡɥɨɜ ɦɚɲɢɧ ɢ ɢɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɦɢɤɪɨɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɢɤɢ, ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɝɢɛɤɢɯ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜ, ɫ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɨɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɫɧɚɫɬɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ. ȼ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɫɛɨɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰ ɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ. Ɉɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ:  ɜɵɫɨɤɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɫɛɨɪɤɢ, ɦɨɧɬɚɠɚ, ɧɚɥɚɞɤɢ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɢ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ ɢ ɭɡɥɨɜ ɦɚɲɢɧ;  ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɫɛɨɪɤɢ ɢ ɦɨɧɬɚɠɚ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ ɢ ɭɡɥɨɜ ɦɚɲɢɧ;  ɜɵɫɨɤɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɫɧɚɫɬɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɫɛɨɪɤɢ, ɦɨɧɬɚɠɚ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ, ɧɚɥɚɞɤɢ, ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ ɭɡɥɨɜ ɦɚɲɢɧ. Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ:  ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɥɢɛɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ

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ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ;  ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɭɸ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ (ɞɨɩɭɫɤɢ), ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬ ɛɪɚɤɚ;  ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɟɝɨ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ;  ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɜ ɝɨɞ ɢɥɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɨ ɬɢɩɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ (ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɟ, ɤɪɭɩɧɨɫɟɪɢɣɧɨɟ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.);  ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨɛ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ;  ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɟɯɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ;  ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɢ ɧɟ ɨɝɨɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɵɲɟ. ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ:  ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɦɭ ɢ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɡɨɪɭ ɩɨ ɬɟɦɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ;  ɚɧɚɥɢɡɭ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ;  ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɫɛɨɪɤɢ ɢ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ (ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ 2-3 ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ);  ɜɵɛɨɪɭ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɫɧɚɫɬɤɢ;  ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɨɫɧɚɫɬɤɢ) ɢ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ;  ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ;  ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ;  ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ. Ƚɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɟɣ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ Ⱥ1:  ɫɯɟɦɭ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ;  ɫɛɨɪɨɱɧɵɣ ɱɟɪɬɟɠ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ (ɱɟɪɬɟɠ ɞɟɬɚɥɢ);  ɫɛɨɪɨɱɧɵɣ ɱɟɪɬɟɠ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɫɧɚɫɬɤɢ;  ɱɟɪɬɟɠɢ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ ɨɫɧɚɫɬɤɢ;  ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɫɛɨɪɤɢ;  ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ, ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ. Ƚɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɚɤɟɬɨɜ ɋȺɉɊ (PCAD, AutoCAD, T-FLEX ɢ ɞɪ.) ɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ (Photoshop, Coreldraw, Visiopro ɢ ɞɪ.).

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2.4. Ⱦɢɩɥɨɦɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ

Ⱦɢɩɥɨɦɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɵ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢ (ɢɥɢ) ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ. Ƚɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɟɣ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ Ⱥ1, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɱɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɩɥɚɤɚɬɨɜ:  ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɵ ɢ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ;  ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ  ɫɯɟɦɵ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɢ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ;  ɫɛɨɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɢ ɢ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɢ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ. Ƚɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ (Photoshop, Coreldraw, Visiopro ɢ ɞɪ.) ɢ ɩɚɤɟɬɨɜ ɋȺɉɊ (PCAD, AutoCAD ɢ ɞɪ.). 2.5. ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɵ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ

Ʉ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚɦ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɭ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ. Ɉɛɴɟɦ ɷɬɢɯ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɦɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɫ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɨɦ ɩɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦɭ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɭ. Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬ ɞɚɟɬ ɨɛɳɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɭ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɩɨ ɨɯɪɚɧɟ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɟ, ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ, ɭɬɨɱɧɹɟɬ ɷɬɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɢ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɭ ɜ ɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ. ɋɬɭɞɟɧɬɭ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ "ɩɪɨɧɢɡɵɜɚɬɶ" ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ (ɛɟɡɜɪɟɞɧɨɫɬɶ) ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹɦɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ. Ɋɚɡɞɟɥ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɨɣ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɪɵ ɩɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ȾɊ.

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3. ɋɌɊɍɄɌɍɊȺ ɂ ɈɎɈɊɆɅȿɇɂȿ ɉɈəɋɇɂɌȿɅɖɇɈɃ ɁȺɉɂɋɄɂ

Ⱦɢɩɥɨɦɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ: ɩɨɹɫɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɩɢɫɤɢ, ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɨɜ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪɫɤɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ (ɢɥɢ) ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ (ɩɥɚɤɚɬɨɜ). Ɉɛɳɢɦɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɤ ɩɨɹɫɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɩɢɫɤɟ ɤ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ: ɱɟɬɤɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ, ɤɪɚɬɤɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɹɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɨɤ, ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɨɥɤɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ, ɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɢ ɜɵɜɨɞɨɜ. ɉɨɹɫɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɡɚɩɢɫɤɚ ɤ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɜ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɣ ɢ ɱɟɬɤɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɬɶ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɡɚɦɵɫɟɥ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɢ ɫɚɦɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ, ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɢɯ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɢ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ ɩɨ ɧɢɦ, ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ ɢ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɬɶɫɹ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɹɦɢ: ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚɦɢ, ɷɫɤɢɡɚɦɢ, ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚɦɢ, ɫɯɟɦɚɦɢ ɢ ɬ.ɩ. ȼ ɬɟɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɫɹ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ, ɞɥɹ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨ-ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ. ɉɨɹɫɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɡɚɩɢɫɤɚ ɤ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ:  ɬɢɬɭɥɶɧɵɣ ɥɢɫɬ;  ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ;  ɪɟɮɟɪɚɬ;  ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ;  ɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɯ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ, ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ ɢ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜ (ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ),  ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ;  ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ;  ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ (ɜɵɜɨɞɵ);  ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ;  ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ. 3.1. Ɍɢɬɭɥɶɧɵɣ ɥɢɫɬ

ɇɚ ɬɢɬɭɥɶɧɨɦ ɥɢɫɬɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ: ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɵɫɲɟɝɨ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ, ɝɞɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧ ɞɢɩɥɨɦ; ɮɚɦɢɥɢɹ, ɢɦɹ, ɨɬɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ; ɬɟɦɚ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɝɨɪɨɞ ɢ ɝɨɞ (ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ Ƚ). ɇɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ, ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɪɚɬɤɢɦ ɢ ɬɨɱɧɨ

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ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ. ȼ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ (ɩɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ) ɢɡɛɟɝɚɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɨɠɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɭɡɤɨɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ. ɇɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɬɶ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɨ ɫɥɨɜ: "ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ...", "ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɭɬɟɣ...", "Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ...", "Ʉ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ..." ɢ ɬ.ɩ., ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɟ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɫɭɬɶ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ, ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɧɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɹɫɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɟɟ ɰɟɥɢ ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ. 3.2. Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ

Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɛɥɚɧɤɟ. 3.3. Ɋɟɮɟɪɚɬ

Ɋɟɮɟɪɚɬ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɚ, ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɱɧɹ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɯ ɫɥɨɜ. ȼ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɢɧɞɟɤɫ ɍȾɄ; ɮɚɦɢɥɢɹ, ɢɦɹ, ɨɬɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ; ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ; ɝɨɞ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰ. Ɍɟɤɫɬ ɪɟɮɟɪɚɬɚ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɬɶ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɰɟɥɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɦɟɬɨɞ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɭɪɭ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢ ɢɯ ɧɨɜɢɡɧɭ, ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ, ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ. Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ (ɞɨ 15) ɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɢɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɚɞɟɠɟ, ɩɟɱɚɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ, ɱɟɪɟɡ ɡɚɩɹɬɵɟ. ɂɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɜ ɪɟɮɟɪɚɬɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɤɪɚɬɤɢɦ ɢ ɬɨɱɧɵɦ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɸ, ɢɡɛɟɝɚɬɶ ɧɟɩɪɢɜɵɱɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜ ɢ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ. 3.4. ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ

ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɉɁ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ("ɉɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɯ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ", "ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ", "Ɋɚɡɞɟɥɵ", "Ɂɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ", "ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ", "ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ"), ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɨɜ ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɧɨɦɟɪɨɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɉɁ. ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɧɚɱɚɥɟ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɷɬɨ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɭɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. 3.5. ɉɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɯ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ, ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ, ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜ

ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɉɁ ɤ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɚ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɦɚɥɨɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ, ɧɨɜɵɟ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɵ,

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ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬ.ɩ., ɬɨ ɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɜ ɉɁ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ, ɩɨɦɟɳɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ. ɉɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɬɨɥɛɰɨɦ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɥɟɜɚ (ɜ ɚɥɮɚɜɢɬɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ) ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ, ɫɩɪɚɜɚ — ɟɝɨ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɪɚɫɲɢɮɪɨɜɤɭ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɉɁ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɵ, ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ, ɫɢɦɜɨɥɵ, ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬ.ɩ. ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɸɬɫɹ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɬɪɟɯ ɪɚɡ, ɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɧɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ, ɚ ɢɯ ɪɚɫɲɢɮɪɨɜɤɭ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɢ. 3.6. ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ

ȼɨ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɰɟɥɶ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ – ɜɫɬɭɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ, ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɉɁ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. ȼ ɧɟɣ ɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɳɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ, ɝɞɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɢɡɛɪɚɧɧɵɣ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɦ-ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɢɤɨɦ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɷɤɫɤɭɪɫ, ɨɱɟɪɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɪɭɝ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ, ɧɭɠɞɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɢɤɚ. ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, - ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɣ ɪɚɡɞɟɥ ɞɨ 3 ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰ. ɇɭɦɟɪɚɰɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰ ɜɵɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɦ ɭɝɥɭ, ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ, ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɞɨ ɧɟɝɨ ɥɢɫɬɨɜ. Ɉɬɫɱɟɬ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɬɢɬɭɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɫɬɚ. 3.7. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ

Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɉɁ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚɯ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɞɚɸɬɫɹ: ɨɛɡɨɪ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɨ ɬɟɦɟ ɢ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ, ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ (ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ, ɤɪɨɦɟ ɥɢɫɬɢɧɝɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ, ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, Visual Studio; ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ CAD/CAE ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɢ; ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ANSYS ɢ MSC.NASTRAN/PATRAN ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ; ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɬɪɟɯɦɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ SolidWorks, Unigraphics ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ), ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɢɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ (ɢɥɢ) ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɢ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ.

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ȼ ɨɛɡɨɪɟ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬ-ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɢɤ ɞɚɟɬ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɨɤ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɟ. ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɧɚɡɜɚɬɶ ɬɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɫɬɚɥɢɫɶ ɧɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɧɵɦɢ, ɢ, ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɜ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɬɟɦɟ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ. ɀɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɱɢɬɶ ɨɛɡɨɪ ɤɪɚɬɤɢɦ ɪɟɡɸɦɟ ɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ, ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɨɜ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɢɡɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɯ ɫɭɬɶ, ɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ. ɂɡɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɩɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ. ȼ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚɯ ɉɁ ɫ ɢɫɱɟɪɩɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɥɧɨɬɨɣ ɢɡɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɢɤɚ ɫ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɨɝɨ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧ ɜɧɨɫɢɬ ɜ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ (ɡɚɞɚɱɢ). Ⱥɜɬɨɪ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɢ ɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɬɵ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ, ɢɯ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ. ɉɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɭ ɩɨɹɫɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɩɢɫɤɢ ɞɟɥɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ. ȼɟɫɶ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɉɁ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɞɱɢɧɟɧ ɰɟɥɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɦ. Ʌɨɝɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɰɟɥɟɭɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɨɝɞɚ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɪɚɡɞɟɥ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɰɟɥɟɜɨɟ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɚɡɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ. ȼ ɉɁ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɫɠɚɬɨ, ɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ ɢ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɢɡɥɚɝɚɬɶ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ; ɢɡɛɟɝɚɬɶ ɨɛɢɥɢɹ ɨɛɳɢɯ ɫɥɨɜ, ɛɟɡɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɣ, ɬɚɜɬɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɧɟɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɉɁ. ɉɪɢ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɢɢ ɉɁ ɤ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬ-ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɢɤ ɨɛɹɡɚɧ ɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɫɫɵɥɤɢ ɧɚ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ, ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɧ ɡɚɢɦɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ. ɐɢɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɤɚɜɵɱɟɤ. ɇɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɩɢɥɹɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɟɫɤɚɡ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ. 3.8. Ɂɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ

ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ, ɫɞɟɥɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ. ȼ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɩɭɬɢ ɢɯ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ.

25 3.9. ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ

ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜ ɉɁ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɫɫɵɥɤɢ. 3.10. ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ

ȼ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɬɵ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ, ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɢ:  ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɱɧɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɄȾ;  ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɵ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ (ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɧɨ-ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɤɚɪɬɵ, ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ, ɜɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɞɪ.);  ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɵ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɗȼɆ ɫ ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɹɦɢ, ɤɪɚɬɤɨɟ ɢɯ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ȿɋɉȾ (ȿɞɢɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ), ɪɚɫɩɟɱɚɬɤɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɜ, ɷɤɪɚɧɵ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ, ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ. ɉɪɢ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɹɫɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɩɢɫɤɢ (ɉɁ) ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɟɦɵɦɢ ɤ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɦ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪɫɤɢɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦ (ȽɈɋɌ 2.105-95, ȽɈɋɌ 2.106-96, ȽɈɋɌ 7.32-2001 ɢ ɞɪ.). Ɉɛɴɟɦ ɩɨɹɫɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɩɢɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶ 90-100 ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰ ɦɚɲɢɧɨɩɢɫɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɣ.

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4. ɐȿɅɂ ɂ ɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɇɂȿ ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɈȽɈ ɄɈɇɌɊɈɅə

ɉɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ - ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɮɟɪ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ. ɇɚ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪɟ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɟ ɥɟɠɢɬ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɨɧɨ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪɫɤɨɣ (ɄȾ) ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ (ɌȾ) ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɷɬɚɩɚɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɧɨɪɦɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ. ɐɟɥɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ: – ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ; – ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ; – ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɯ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ; – ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚ, ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɵ ɜ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ. Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ, ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ȽɈɋɌ 14.206-73, ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɫɟ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ: ɱɟɪɬɟɠɢ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ, ɫɛɨɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɫɛɨɪɤɢ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɤɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɹɫɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɡɚɩɢɫɤɚ. ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ. 1) ɇɚ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ. 2) ɇɚ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɷɫɤɢɡɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɸɬɫɹ: – ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɬɭ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɨɜɤɢ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ; – ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɬɵ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ; – ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɟɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ; – ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɱɥɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɭɞɨɛɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ, ɦɨɧɬɚɠɚ ɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ; – ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɦɟɧɤɥɚɬɭɪɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɦɚɪɨɤ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɦɚɪɨɤ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɩɟɪɟɱɧɸ;

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– ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ. 3) ɇɚ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɸɬɫɹ: – ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɛɨɪɤɢ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɢ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ; – ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɞɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɨ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɚ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɫɛɨɪɤɟ, ɭɞɨɛɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɫɬ ɫɛɨɪɤɢ; – ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɡɚɦɟɧɹɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɛɨɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰ ɢ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ; – ɜɵɛɨɪ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɫɛɨɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ. – ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɨɦɟɧɤɥɚɬɭɪɵ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɢɯ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ; – ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ; – ɜɫɟ ɩɭɧɤɬɵ, ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɟɦɵɟ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ "ɷɫɤɢɡɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ", ɟɫɥɢ ɷɬɚ ɫɬɚɞɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɥɚɫɶ. 4) ɇɚ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɸɬɫɹ: – ɜɫɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ, ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ; – ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɛɨɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰ; – ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɛɨɪɤɢ ɤɚɤ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ; – ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ, ɥɢɬɵɯ, ɲɬɚɦɩɭɟɦɵɯ ɢ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ; – ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɛɨɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ ɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ, ɫɛɨɪɤɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ; – ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɫɛɨɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɛɚɡ; – ɭɞɨɛɫɬɜɨ ɫɛɨɪɤɢ ɢ ɪɚɡɛɨɪɤɢ; – ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɩɪɢɝɨɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ. Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪɫɤɢɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɧɨ. Ⱦɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɄȾ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚɦɢ. Ⱦɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɫɜɚɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚ «ɉ», ɷɫɤɢɡɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ – «ɗ», ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ – «Ɍ», ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɨɩɵɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ – «Ɉ», «Ɉ1» («Ɉ2» – ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ), ɫɟɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ – «Ⱥ» («Ȼ» – ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ). Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɪɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɫɜɚɢɜɚɸɬ ɥɢɬɟɪɭ «ɂ». ȼ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɄȾ ɢ ɌȾ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɥɢɬɟɪɵ «Ɍ»,

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«Ɉ» ɢɥɢ «ɂ» ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɜɢɞɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɪɢɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɤ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ.

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5. ɐȿɅɂ ɂ ɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɇɂȿ ɇɈɊɆɈɄɈɇɌɊɈɅə

ɇɨɪɦɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɷɬɚɩɨɜ ɢɯ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɤ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ. Ɉɧ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɚɦɢ ɉɁ, ɄȾ ɢ ɌȾ. ɐɟɥɢ ɧɨɪɦɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ: – ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ, ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɜɵɯ, ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚɯ ɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ; – ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɟɞɢɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ (ȿɋɄȾ) ɢ ɟɞɢɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ (ȿɋɌȾ); – ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɯ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɭɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ; – ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɨɦɟɧɤɥɚɬɭɪ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ, ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ, ɦɚɪɨɤ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɩɪɨɮɢɥɟɣ ɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ ɩɪɨɤɚɬɚ ɢ ɬ. ɩ. ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɧɨɪɦɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɜɢɞɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɟɦɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ. 5.1. Ⱦɥɹ ɄɊ ɜɫɟɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɸɬɫɹ: – ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢɫɜɨɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪɫɤɨɦɭ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɭ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ȿɋɄȾ; – ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ; – ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɧɚɞɩɢɫɢ; – ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɜ; – ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɫɵɥɨɤ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɵ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ. 5.2. Ⱦɥɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɸɬɫɹ: – ɜɫɟ, ɱɬɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɜ ɩɭɧɤɬɟ 5.1; – ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚɦ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦ, ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɢɩɨɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɧɨɦɟɧɤɥɚɬɭɪɟ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɢ ɬ.ɩ., ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɤ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɭ, ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚɦ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦ; ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɭɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ. 5.3. Ⱦɥɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ (ɩɨɹɫɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɩɢɫɤɢ, ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɪ.) ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɸɬɫɹ: – ɜɫɟ, ɱɬɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɜ ɩɭɧɤɬɚɯ 5.1 ɢ 5.2;

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– ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪɫɤɢɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ (ȽɈɋɌ 2.105-95, ȽɈɋɌ 2.106 -96); – ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ. 5.4. Ⱦɥɹ ɜɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɸɬɫɹ: – ɞɚɧɧɵɟ, ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɩɭɧɤɬɚɯ 5.1 ɢ 5.3; – ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ ɮɨɪɦ ɜɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɣ; – ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ (ȽɈɋɌ 2.108-68); – ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɡɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɜɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ; – ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɨɣ ɧɨɦɟɧɤɥɚɬɭɪɵ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɨɤɭɩɧɵɯ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ; – ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɬɢɩɨɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɨɤɭɩɧɵɯ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɧɨɦɟɧɤɥɚɬɭɪɚɦ. 5.5. Ⱦɥɹ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɟɣ ɜɫɟɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɸɬɫɹ: – ɞɚɧɧɵɟ, ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɩɭɧɤɬɟ 5.1; – ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɟɣ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ȿɋɄȾ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɵ, ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɵ, ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ, ɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.; – ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɩɪɨɤɚɬɚ, ɜɢɞɨɜ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɫɚɞɨɤ ɢ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɛɥɢɡɤɢɯ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɭ ɢ ɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɜɢɞɭ ɢ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ. 5.6. Ⱦɥɹ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɟɣ ɫɛɨɪɨɱɧɵɯ, ɨɛɳɢɯ, ɦɨɧɬɚɠɧɵɯ ɢ ɝɚɛɚɪɢɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɸɬɫɹ: – ɞɚɧɧɵɟ, ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɩɭɧɤɬɚɯ 5.1 ɢ 5.5; – ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɦɟɪɨɜ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ; – ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ȿɋɄȾ ɧɚ ɭɩɪɨɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ. 5.7. Ⱦɥɹ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɟɣ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɸɬɫɹ: – ɞɚɧɧɵɟ, ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɩɭɧɤɬɚɯ 5.1 ɢ 5.5; – ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ȿɋɄȾ ɧɚ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ, ɧɚ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɲɟɪɨɯɨɜɚɬɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɬɟɪɦɨɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ, ɩɪɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ ɢ ɬ. ɩ.; – ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɦɟɧɵ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɬɚɥɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ; – ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɫɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ; – ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɨɦɟɧɤɥɚɬɭɪ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɞɨɩɭɫɤɨɜ, ɩɨɫɚɞɨɤ, ɦɚɪɨɤ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɩɪɨɮɢɥɟɣ ɩɪɨɤɚɬɚ ɢ ɬ.ɩ. 5.8. Ⱦɥɹ ɫɯɟɦ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɸɬɫɹ: – ɞɚɧɧɵɟ, ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɩɭɧɤɬɚɯ 5.1 ɢ 5.5;

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– ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ȿɋɄȾ; – ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɫɯɟɦɟ, ɞɚɧɧɵɦ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɱɧɹɯ; – ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɢɩɨɜɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ. 5.9. Ⱦɥɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɚ ɌȾ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɸɬɫɹ: – ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɢɯ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ȽɈɋɌ 3.1201-85, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɮɨɪɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ȿɋɌȾ; – ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɧɚɞɩɢɫɢ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ȽɈɋɌ 3.1103-82, ɧɭɦɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɧɭɦɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ, ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɢɬɭɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɫɬɚ; – ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɜɧɨɫɢɦɨɣ ɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɢɡ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪɫɤɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ (Ɍɉ) ɬɢɩɭ Ɍɉ ɩɨ ɟɝɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɸ, ɫɬɚɞɢɣ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɨ ȽɈɋɌ 3.1102-81, ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɢ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚɦ ȿɋɌȾ; – ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɩɨɞɩɢɫɟɣ, ɮɚɦɢɥɢɣ ɢ ɞɚɬ; – ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɦɟɧɵ ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɨɝɨ Ɍɉ ɬɢɩɨɜɵɦ; – ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ (ɇɌȾ) ɧɚ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɨɫɧɚɫɬɤɭ, ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ, ɩɪɨɮɢɥɢ ɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɩɪɨɤɚɬɚ. 5.10. Ⱦɥɹ ɌȾ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɬɟɤɫɬ, ɪɚɡɛɢɬɵɣ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɮɵ, ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɸɬɫɹ: – ɞɚɧɧɵɟ, ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɩɭɧɤɬɟ 5.9; – ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɮ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ; – ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ; – ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ; – ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɦ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ; – ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɮ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɞɪɨɛɢ; – ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɨɤ, ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɫɧɚɫɬɤɢ; – ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɪɭɞɚ. 5.11. Ⱦɥɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɸɬɫɹ: – ɞɚɧɧɵɟ, ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɩɭɧɤɬɚɯ 5.9 ɢ 5.10; – ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ȽɈɋɌ 2.105-95. 5.12. Ⱦɥɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɸɬɫɹ: – ɞɚɧɧɵɟ, ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɩɭɧɤɬɚɯ 5.9 ɢ 5.10; – ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ȽɈɋɌ 3.1105-81;

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– ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɫɤɢɡɨɜ, ɫɯɟɦ ɢ ɬɚɛɥɢɰ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ȿɋɄȾ; – ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɯ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɨɩɨɪ ɩɨ ȽɈɋɌ 3.1107-81. 5.13. Ⱦɥɹ ɌȾ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɣɫɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ, ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɸɬɫɹ: – ɞɚɧɧɵɟ, ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɩɭɧɤɬɚɯ 5.9 ɢ 5.10; – ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɮ, ɨɛɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɜɨɣɧɨɣ ɭɬɨɥɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɟɣ. 5.14. Ⱦɥɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ, ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɩɭɧɤɬɚɯ 5.9, 5.10 ɢ 5.12. ɇɨɪɦɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɚɸɳɢɦ ɷɬɚɩɨɦ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ. ȼɫɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ (ɄȾ, ɌȾ ɢ ɉɁ) ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɧɨɪɦɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɨɞɩɢɫɟɣ ɥɢɰ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ Ⱦɉ. ɇɨɪɦɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɪ ɜ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɟɦɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɧɚɧɨɫɢɬ ɤɚɪɚɧɞɚɲɨɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɦɟɬɤɢ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ, ɝɞɟ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ. ɋɞɟɥɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɦɟɬɤɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɢɫɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɲɢɛɨɤ ɫɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɧɨɪɦɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɪ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɝɪɚɮɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɧɚɞɩɢɫɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ.

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ɉɊɂɅɈɀȿɇɂə ɉɊɂɅɈɀȿɇɂȿ Ⱥ Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɆɂɇɂɋɌȿɊɋɌȼɈ ɈȻɊȺɁɈȼȺɇɂə ɊȿɋɉɍȻɅɂɄɂ ȻȿɅȺɊɍɋɖ ȻȿɅɈɊɍɋɋɄɂɃ ɇȺɐɂɈɇȺɅɖɇɕɃ ɌȿɏɇɂɑȿɋɄɂɃ ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌ Ɏɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬ Ɇɚɲɢɧɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬ Ʉɚɮɟɞɪɚ «Ɍɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɚ» ɍɌȼȿɊɀȾȺɘ Ɂɚɜɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɨɣ ɌɆ _____________ Ⱥ.ȼ. ɑɢɝɚɪɟɜ «___»_____________20__ɝ. ɁȺȾȺɇɂȿ ɉɈ ȾɂɉɅɈɆɇɈɃ ɊȺȻɈɌȿ ɋɬɭɞɟɧɬɭ-ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɢɤɭ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ _________ _________________________ ɧɨɦɟɪ

ɢɧɢɰɢɚɥɵ ɢ ɮɚɦɢɥɢɹ

ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ (ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ) 1-__ __ __(-__)__ « ɲɢɮɪ

» ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ

ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ: 1-31 03 02-01 09 "Ʉɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɚɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɚ" 1. Ɍɟɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ: « » ɍɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɤɚɡɨɦ ɪɟɤɬɨɪɚ ȻɇɌɍ ɨɬ «___»____________20__ɝ. ʋ _______________. 2. Ⱦɚɬɚ ɜɵɞɚɱɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ – «___»_____________20__ɝ. 3. ɋɪɨɤ ɫɞɚɱɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ – «___»_____________20__ɝ. 4. ɂɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɤ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ 4.1. 4.2. … 5. ɉɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɯ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ 5.1. 5.2. … 6. ɉɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ (ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɟɣ, ɫɯɟɦ, ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ, ɬɚɛɥɢɰ, ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦ ɢ ɞɪ.) 6.1. 6.2. … 7. Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɵ ɩɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɤ ɧɢɦ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ 7.1. 7.2. … 8. Ʉɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɵɣ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɞ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ ɧɚ ɜɟɫɶ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ) ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɪɨɤɨɜ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɬɚɩɨɜ 8.1. 8.2. ... Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɩɨɞɩɢɫɶ, ɞɚɬɚ

ɢɧɢɰɢɚɥɵ ɢ ɮɚɦɢɥɢɹ ɭɱ. ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ, ɡɜɚɧɢɟ

ɩɨɞɩɢɫɶ, ɞɚɬɚ

ɢɧɢɰɢɚɥɵ ɢ ɮɚɦɢɥɢɹ

ɋɬɭɞɟɧɬ-ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɢɤ ɩɪɢɧɹɥ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ

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ɉɊɂɅɈɀȿɇɂȿ Ȼ Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɬɢɬɭɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɫɬɚ ɩɨɹɫɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɩɢɫɤɢ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɆɂɇɂɋɌȿɊɋɌȼɈ ɈȻɊȺɁɈȼȺɇɂə ɊȿɋɉɍȻɅɂɄɂ ȻȿɅȺɊɍɋɖ ȻȿɅɈɊɍɋɋɄɂɃ ɇȺɐɂɈɇȺɅɖɇɕɃ ɌȿɏɇɂɑȿɋɄɂɃ ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌ Ɏɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬ Ɇɚɲɢɧɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬ Ʉɚɮɟɞɪɚ «Ɍɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɚ» ȾɈɉɍɓȿɇ Ʉ ɁȺɓɂɌȿ Ɂɚɜɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɨɣ ɌɆ _____________ Ⱥ.ȼ. ɑɢɝɚɪɟɜ «___»_____________20__ɝ. ɉɈəɋɇɂɌȿɅɖɇȺə ɁȺɉɂɋɄȺ ȾɂɉɅɈɆɇɈɃ ɊȺȻɈɌɕ «

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ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ (ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ) 1-__ __ __(-__)__ « ɲɢɮɪ

»

ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ

ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ: 1-31 03 02-01 09 "Ʉɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɚɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɚ" ɋɬɭɞɟɧɬ-ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɢɤ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɧɨɦɟɪ

ɩɨɞɩɢɫɶ, ɞɚɬɚ

ɢɧɢɰɢɚɥɵ ɢ ɮɚɦɢɥɢɹ

ɩɨɞɩɢɫɶ, ɞɚɬɚ

ɢɧɢɰɢɚɥɵ ɢ ɮɚɦɢɥɢɹ ɭɱ. ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ, ɡɜɚɧɢɟ

ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ

ɩɨɞɩɢɫɶ, ɞɚɬɚ

ɢɧɢɰɢɚɥɵ ɢ ɮɚɦɢɥɢɹ ɭɱ. ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ, ɡɜɚɧɢɟ

ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ

ɩɨɞɩɢɫɶ, ɞɚɬɚ

ɢɧɢɰɢɚɥɵ ɢ ɮɚɦɢɥɢɹ ɭɱ. ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ, ɡɜɚɧɢɟ

ɩɨɞɩɢɫɶ, ɞɚɬɚ

ɢɧɢɰɢɚɥɵ ɢ ɮɚɦɢɥɢɹ

Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ

Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɵ: ɩɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɭ

ɩɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɭ

ɢ ɬ.ɞ. Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵ ɡɚ ɧɨɪɦɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ

Ɉɛɴɟɦ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ: ɩɨɹɫɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɡɚɩɢɫɤɚ – _____ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰ; ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ – _____ ɥɢɫɬɨɜ; ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɟ (ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɟ) ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɢ – _____ ɟɞɢɧɢɰ.

Ɇɢɧɫɤ 20___

35

ɉɊɂɅɈɀȿɇɂȿ ȼ Ɉɛɪɚɡɟɰ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɮɟɪɚɬɚ ɤ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ (ɩɨɹɫɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɩɢɫɤɟ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ) Ɇɢɧɫɤ 20___

ɊȿɎȿɊȺɌ

Ⱦɢɩɥɨɦɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ: 120 ɫ., 11 ɪɢɫ, 19 ɬɚɛɥ., 21 ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ, 9 ɩɪɢɥ. ɄȺɑȿɋɌȼɈ, ɍɉɊȺȼɅȿɇɂȿ ɄȺɑȿɋɌȼɈɆ, ɋɌȺɇȾȺɊɌɕ ɂɋɈ 9000, ɁȺɌɊȺɌɕ ɇȺ ɄȺɑȿɋɌȼɈ, ɄɈɇɌɊɈɅɖ ɄȺɑȿɋɌȼȺ Ɉɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ) ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ … ɐɟɥɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ (ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ) … ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ (ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ) ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ) … ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɧɨɜɢɡɧɵ (ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɢ) ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ… Ɉɛɥɚɫɬɶɸ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ… ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɲɥɢ ɚɩɪɨɛɚɰɢɸ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ, ɤɚɤ … Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɢɥɢɫɶ … ɋɬɭɞɟɧɬ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ (ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɟ) ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨ-ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ (ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ), ɜɫɟ ɡɚɢɦɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɡ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɫɵɥɤɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ.

36

ɉɊɂɅɈɀȿɇɂȿ Ƚ Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɜɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ȼɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ Ɏɨɪɦɚ Ⱥ4

Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ

ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ

Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ – ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɉɨɹɫɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ – ɡɚɩɢɫɤɚ (ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ (ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɥɢɫɬɚ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ) ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɥɢɫɬɚ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ) (ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ)

Ⱥ4 Ⱥ4

Ⱥ4

ɂɡɦ. Ʌɢɫɬ

ʋ ɉɨɞɩ. Ⱦɚɬɚ ɞɨɤɭɦ.

Ɋɚɡɪɚɛ. ɉɪɨɜ. Ɍ. ɤɨɧɬɪ. ɇ. ɤɨɧɬɪ. ɍɬɜ.

2

ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ

1 …

1

Ⱦɉ-…………….1-ȾɈ-2003 ȼɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ

_______________________________ 1

Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɥɢɫɬɨɜ

ɇɨɦɟɪ ɡɚɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɤɧɢɠɤɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚ-ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɢɤɚ. ɒɢɮɪ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.

Ʌɢɬ. ɍ

Ʌɢɫɬ 1

Ʌɢɫɬɨɜ

1-___ ___ ___ (-___)2 ȻɇɌɍ, ɝ. Ɇɢɧɫɤ

37

ɉɊɂɅɈɀȿɇɂȿ Ⱦ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɵ, ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ȽɈɋɌ 2.001-93 ȿɋɄȾ. Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ. ȽɈɋɌ 2.004-88 ȿɋɄȾ. Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ ɄȾ ɢ ɌȾ ɧɚ ɩɟɱɚɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɯ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɗȼɆ. ȽɈɋɌ 2.101-68 ȿɋɄȾ. ȼɢɞɵ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ. ȽɈɋɌ 2.102-68 ȿɋɄȾ. ȼɢɞɵ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɄȾ. ȽɈɋɌ 2.103-68 ȿɋɄȾ. ɋɬɚɞɢɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ. ȽɈɋɌ 2.104-68 ȿɋɄȾ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɧɚɞɩɢɫɢ. ȽɈɋɌ 2.105-95 ȿɋɄȾ. Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦ. ȽɈɋɌ 2.106-96 ȿɋɄȾ. Ɍɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ. ȽɈɋɌ 2.109-73 ȿɋɄȾ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɚɦ. ȽɈɋɌ 2.113-75 ȿɋɄȾ. Ƚɪɭɩɩɨɜɵɟ ɢ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪɫɤɢɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ. ȽɈɋɌ 2.114-95 ȿɋɄȾ. Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ. ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ, ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ. ȽɈɋɌ 2.118-73 ȿɋɄȾ. Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ. ȽɈɋɌ 2.119-73. ɗɫɤɢɡɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ. ȽɈɋɌ 2.120-73 ȿɋɄȾ. Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ. ȽɈɋɌ 2.123-83 ȿɋɄȾ. Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪɫɤɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɟɱɚɬɧɵɟ ɩɥɚɬɵ ɩɪɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ. ȽɈɋɌ 2.125-2008 ȿɋɄȾ. ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɷɫɤɢɡɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪɫɤɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ. ȽɈɋɌ 2.301-68 - ȽɈɋɌ 2.321-68 ȿɋɄȾ. ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɄȾ. ȽɈɋɌ 2.401-68 ȿɋɄȾ. ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɟɣ ɩɪɭɠɢɧ. ȽɈɋɌ 2.410-68 ȿɋɄȾ. ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɟɣ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ. ȽɈɋɌ 2.413-72 ȿɋɄȾ. ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ, ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɬɚɠɚ. ȽɈɋɌ 2.414-75 ȿɋɄȾ. ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɟɣ ɠɝɭɬɨɜ, ɤɚɛɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɨɜ. ȽɈɋɌ 2.415-68 ȿɋɄȾ. ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɟɣ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɫ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɨɛɦɨɬɤɚɦɢ. ȽɈɋɌ 2.601-2006 ȿɋɄȾ. ɗɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ. ȽɈɋɌ 2.602-95 ȿɋɄȾ. Ɋɟɦɨɧɬɧɵɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ. ȽɈɋɌ 2.701-84 ȿɋɄȾ. ɋɯɟɦɵ. ȼɢɞɵ ɢ ɬɢɩɵ. Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ. ȽɈɋɌ 2.702-75 - ȽɈɋɌ 2.711-68 ȿɋɄȾ. ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɯɟɦ. ȽɈɋɌ 2.722-68 - ȽɈɋɌ 2.796-81 ȿɋɄȾ. Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜ ɫɯɟɦɚɯ. ȽɈɋɌ 3.1001-81 ȿɋɌȾ. Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ. ȽɈɋɌ 3.1102-81 ȿɋɌȾ. ɋɬɚɞɢɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢ ɜɢɞɵ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ. ȽɈɋɌ 3.1103-82 ȿɋɌȾ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɧɚɞɩɢɫɢ.

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ȽɈɋɌ 3.1105-84 ȿɋɌȾ. Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ. ȽɈɋɌ 3.1116-79 ȿɋɌȾ. ɇɨɪɦɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ. ȽɈɋɌ 3.1118-82 ȿɋɌȾ. Ɏɨɪɦɵ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɧɵɯ ɤɚɪɬ. ȽɈɋɌ 3.1119-83 ȿɋɌȾ. Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɸ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɨɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ. ȽɈɋɌ 3.1120-83 ȿɋɌȾ. Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɜ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ. ȽɈɋɌ 3.1121-84 ȿɋɌȾ. Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɸ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɨɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɬɢɩɨɜɵɟ ɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ (ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ). ȽɈɋɌ 3.1201-85 ȿɋɌȾ. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɌȾ. ȽɈɋɌ 3.1407-86 ȿɋɌȾ. Ɏɨɪɦɵ ɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɸ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ (ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ), ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦ ɫɛɨɪɤɢ (ɫɜɚɪɤɚ, ɩɚɣɤɚ). ȽɈɋɌ 3.1502-85 ȿɋɌȾ. Ɏɨɪɦɵ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ. ȽɈɋɌ 3.1507-84 ȿɋɌȾ. ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɹ. ȽɈɋɌ 3.1703-79 ȿɋɌȾ. ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɜ, ɫɥɟɫɚɪɧɵɟ ɢ ɫɥɟɫɚɪɧɨ-ɫɛɨɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. ȽɈɋɌ 3.1901-74 ȿɋɌȾ. ɇɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɦɚɹ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ. ȽɈɋɌ 7.1-2003. Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɡɚɩɢɫɶ. Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ. Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ. ȽɈɋɌ 7.12-93. Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɡɚɩɢɫɶ. ɋɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ. Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ. ȽɈɋɌ 7.32-2001. Ɉɬɱɟɬ ɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ. ȽɈɋɌ 7.82-2001. Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɡɚɩɢɫɶ. Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ. Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ. ȽɈɋɌ 7.83-2001. ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɟ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɹ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ. ȽɈɋɌ 8.207-76. ɉɪɹɦɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɪɚɬɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹɦɢ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ. ȽɈɋɌ 12.0.001-82. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɪɭɞɚ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ. ȽɈɋɌ 12.1.004-91. ɉɨɠɚɪɧɚɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ. Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ȽɈɋɌ 14.201-83. Ɉɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ. Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ȽɈɋɌ 12.2.025-76. ɂɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ. ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ. Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ. ȽɈɋɌ 14.206-73 ȿɋɌȾ. Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ. ȽɈɋɌ 19.005-85 ȿɋɉȾ. Ɋ-ɫɯɟɦɵ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ. Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ.

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ȽɈɋɌ 19.101-77 ȿɋɉȾ. ȼɢɞɵ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ. ȽɈɋɌ 19.103-77 ȿɋɉȾ. Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ. ȽɈɋɌ 19.105-78 ȿɋɉȾ. Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦ. ȽɈɋɌ 19.106-78 ȿɋɉȾ. Ɍɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɟɱɚɬɧɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ. ȽɈɋɌ 19.202-78 ȿɋɉȾ. ɋɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ. Ɍɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɢ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɸ. ȽɈɋɌ 19.401-2000 ȿɋɉȾ. Ɍɟɤɫɬ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ. Ɍɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɢ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɸ. ȽɈɋɌ 19.402-2000 ȿɋɉȾ. Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ. ȽɈɋɌ 19.404-79 ȿɋɉȾ. ɉɨɹɫɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɡɚɩɢɫɤɚ. Ɍɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɢ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɸ. ȽɈɋɌ 19.502-78 ȿɋɉȾ. Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ. Ɍɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɢ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɸ. ȽɈɋɌ 20.57.406-81. ɂɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ, ɤɜɚɧɬɨɜɨɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ. ȽɈɋɌ 24.304-82. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ Ⱥɋɍ. Ɍɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɟɣ. ȽɈɋɌ 27.301-95. ɇɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɟ. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ. ȽɈɋɌ 31078-2002. ɂɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɧɚ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɜɢɪɭɫɨɜ. Ɍɢɩɨɜɨɟ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ. ɋɌȻ ɂɋɈ 5725-2002. Ɍɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ (ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɟɰɢɡɢɨɧɧɨɫɬɶ) ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ. ɋɌȻ ɂɋɈ 9001-2001. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ. Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ, ɦɨɧɬɚɠɟ ɢ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɢ. ɋɌȻ ɂɋɈ 9002-2001. Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ, ɦɨɧɬɚɠɟ ɢ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɢ. ɋɌȻ ɂɋɈ 9003-2001. Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɢ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ ɢ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɹɯ. ɋɌȻ 7.12-2001. Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɡɚɩɢɫɶ. ɋɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɨɜ ɢ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɛɟɥɨɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ. Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ. ɋɌȻ 992-95. ɒɪɢɮɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɞɩɢɫɟɣ, ɧɚɧɨɫɢɦɵɯ ɧɚ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɦɚɲɢɧɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ. ɇɚɱɟɪɬɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ. ɋɌȻ 1014-95. ɂɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɦɚɲɢɧɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ. Ⱦɟɬɚɥɢ. Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ. ɋɌȻ 1022-96. ɂɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɦɚɲɢɧɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ. ɋɛɨɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ. Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ.

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ɉɊɂɅɈɀȿɇɂȿ ȿ Ɉɛɪɚɡɟɰ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɫɩɪɚɜɤɢ ɤ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ

ȻȿɅɈɊɍɋɋɄɂɃ ɇȺɐɂɈɇȺɅɖɇɕɃ ɌȿɏɇɂɑȿɋɄɂɃ ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌ Ʉɚɮɟɞɪɚ "Ɍɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɚ"

ɋɉɊȺȼɄȺ ɈȻ ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɇɂɂ ɉȺɌȿɇɌɇɈɃ ɂ ɇȺɍɑɇɈ-ɌȿɏɇɂɑȿɋɄɈɃ ɅɂɌȿɊȺɌɍɊɕ ɉɈ ɌȿɆȿ ȾɂɉɅɈɆɇɈɃ ɊȺȻɈɌɕ "ɌȿɆȺ ȾɂɉɅɈɆɇɈɃ ɊȺȻɈɌɕ"

ȼɵɩɨɥɧɢɥ__________________ / Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɬɟɦɵ_____________ /

Ɇɢɧɫɤ 20__

/

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1. ɉȺɌȿɇɌɇɕȿ ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɇɂə Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ ȿ1 - ɉɚɬɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ Ʌɚɡɟɪɧɚɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɜɚɪɤɚ Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ

ɋɬɪɚɧɵ ɋɋɋɊ Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ

Ʉɥɚɫɫ ɆɄɂ ɢɥɢ ɍȾɄ

ɑɬɨ ɢ ɡɚ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɉɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨ

ɆɄɂ ȼ23 Ʉ23/00 ɆɄɂ ȼ23 Ʉ26/00

ɫ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɚ ʋ 1574406 ɨɬ 20.05.1998ɝ. ɩɨ ɩɚɬɟɧɬ ʋ 2020239 ɨɬ 07.09.2004ɝ. ȻȾ "ɉɚɬɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ Ⱥɝɟɧɬɫɬɜɚ ɋɒȺ" (“United States Patents”) ɡɚ 1984-2004 ɝɝ. ɫ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɚ ʋ 3429776 ɨɬ 13.02.1996ɝ. ɩɨ ɩɚɬɟɧɬ ʋ 4221334 ɨɬ 14.01.2004ɝ. Ɋɟɮɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɚɹ ȻȾ "PAJ" (Patent Office, Japanese Government) ɡɚ 1993-2004 ɝɝ. ɫ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɚ ʋ21206581 ɨɬ 05.02.1997ɝ. ɩɨ ɩɚɬɟɧɬ ʋ 4-61757 ɨɬ 01.10.2004ɝ. ɫ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɚ ʋ 2580365 ɨɬ 15.02.1999ɝ. ɩɨ ɩɚɬɟɧɬ ʋ3275112 ɨɬ 01.08.2004ɝ. ȻȾ "ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɉɚɬɟɧɬɧɨɣ Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ" (ȿɉɈ,“European Patent Office”) ɡɚ 1994-2004 ɝɝ. ɧɟ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɨ

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Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ ȿ2 - ɉɚɬɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ʋʋ, ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ, ɬɟɦɵ. ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ ȼɵɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ 1

əɩɨɧɢɹ ɉɚɬɟɧɬ ʋ 446669 ɨɬ 17.2.98 ɋɩɨɫɨɛ ɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɞɥɹ ɥɚɡɟɪɧɨɣ ɩɚɣɤɢ (ɩɪɨɬɨɬɢɩ)

2

ɋɩɨɫɨɛ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ: - ɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɹɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɫɬɵ; - ɫɨɜɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɨɜ ɂɋ ɫ ɦɨɧɬɚɠɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɨɣ; - ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟ ɫ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɭɫɢɥɢɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɜɨɞɨɜ ɫ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɨɣ; - ɪɚɫɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɩɨɣɧɨɣ ɩɚɫɬɵ ɥɚɡɟɪɧɵɦ ɥɭɱɨɦ; - ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɟ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟ. ɍɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɹ. ɋɒȺ ɉɚɬɟɧɬ ʋ 5298715 ɇɟɢɡɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɜɨɥɨɤɭ ɩɪɢɠɢɦɚɸɬ ɤ ɨɬ 29.3.99 ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɟ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɩɪɢɩɨɟɦ. Ʌɚɡɟɪɧɨ-ɭɥɶɬɪɚɡɜɭɤɨɜɚɹ ɩɚɣɤɚ ɗɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɥɚɡɟɪɚ ɢ ɍɁ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ ɪɚɫɩɥɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɬɨɧɤɢɯ ɢɡɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɸ ɢ ɩɪɢɩɨɣ. Ɍɨɪɟɰ ɩɚɹɥɶɧɢɤɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɥɨɤ ɤ ɫɧɚɛɠɟɧ ɤɚɧɚɜɤɨɣ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɡɚɯɨɞɢɬ ɬɟɪɦɨɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɜɨɥɨɤɚ ɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɟɬ ɜɚɥɢɤ ɩɪɢɩɨɹ. ɩɨɞɥɨɠɤɚɦ ɋɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɩɚɣɤɢ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɯ ɝɨɥɨɜɨɤ ɤ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɤɟ. əɩɨɧɢɹ ɉɚɬɟɧɬ ʋ 4443822 Ɉɞɧɚ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɟɨɮɥɸɫɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɬ 13.6.2001 ɩɪɨɜɨɥɨɤ ɩɨɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɬɪɟɡɧɨɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ, ɢɡ ɋɩɨɫɨɛ ɥɚɡɟɪɧɨɣ ɩɚɣɤɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɨɬɪɟɡɤɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɥɨɤɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɞɥɢɧɵ ɩɨɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɨɧɭ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ ɥɚɡɟɪɧɵɦ ɥɭɱɨɦ. ɉɚɣɤɭ ɜɟɞɭɬ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ. Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɢɹ ɉɚɬɟɧɬ ʋ 1662893 ȼ ɤɚɧɚɥɟ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ ɩɚɹɥɶɧɢɤɚ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ 12.09.98 ɨɩɬɨɜɨɥɨɤɨɧɧɵɣ ɫɜɟɬɨɜɨɞ ɧɚ ɨɞɢɧ ɤɨɧɟɰ ɋɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɚɣɤɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɥɚɡɟɪɧɵɟ ɥɭɱɢ, ɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ ɫ ɩɪɢɩɨɟɦ. ȼ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɟ ɩɚɹɥɶɧɢɤɚ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɤɚɧɚɥɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɩɪɢɩɨɹ ɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɚɸɳɟɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ. Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɢɹ ɉɚɬɟɧɬ ʋ 19736851 Ⱦɟɬɚɥɢ 1 ɢ 2 ɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɸɬ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɨɬ 4.05.03 ɡɚɦɵɤɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɨɞɧɚ ɤ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɧɚ ɋɩɨɫɨɛ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ ɧɚɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɨɞɢɧ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɥɚɡɟɪɧɨɣ ɫɜɚɪɤɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɜɚɪɢɜɚɸɬ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɥɚɡɟɪɧɵɦ ɥɭɱɨɦ.

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ɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ȿ2 1

Ɏɪɚɧɰɢɹ ɉɚɬɟɧɬ ʋ 2790689 ɨɬ 18.05.00 ɋɩɨɫɨɛ ɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɞɥɹ ɫɛɨɪɤɢ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɫɜɚɪɤɢ ɞɜɭɯ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ

2

ɋɩɨɫɨɛ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɫɜɚɪɤɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ ɜɧɚɯɥɟɫɬɤɭ. ɋɩɨɫɨɛ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɞɜɟ ɞɟɬɚɥɢ 1 ɢ 2 ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬ, ɩɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɡɨɧɵ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɡɨɧɭ ɫɛɨɪɤɢ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɥɚɡɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɛɨɪɤɚ. Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɢɹ ɉɚɬɟɧɬ ʋ 19848179 Ʌɚɡɟɪɧɭɸ ɫɜɚɪɤɭ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɞɟɬɚɥɢ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬ 28.05.00 ɢɡ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ, ɤɟɪɚɦɢɤɢ, ɫɬɟɤɥɨɤɟɪɚɦɢɤɢ, ɋɩɨɫɨɛ ɥɚɡɟɪɧɨɣ ɫɜɚɪɤɢ ɫɬɟɤɥɚ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬ ɛɟɡ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɫɚɞɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ. Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɜɲɟɝɨɫɹ ɲɜɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɜɚɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ. ȼɟɥɢɤɨɛɪɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɉɚɬɟɧɬ ɉɪɢ ɫɜɚɪɤɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɝɨɥɨɜɤɭ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ʋ 2342881 ɨɬ 24.06.00 ɫɜɚɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ. ɉɪɢ ɋɩɨɫɨɛ ɫɜɚɪɤɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɷɬɨɦ ɝɨɥɨɜɤɭ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɸɬ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɨɤ ɫɜɚɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɨɤ ɩɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɪɚɟɤɬɨɪɢɢ, ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɝɨɥɨɜɤɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬ ɫɜɚɪɧɵɟ ɲɜɵ, ɮɨɪɦɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɚɪɧɵɯ ɲɜɨɜ ɩɨɞ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɨɣ. əɩɨɧɢɹ ɉɚɬɟɧɬ Ɂɚɝɨɬɨɜɤɭ Ⱥ, ɫɜɚɪɢɜɚɟɦɭɸ ɜɧɚɯɥɟɫɬ ɫ ʋ 3084152 ɨɬ 4.09.00 ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɤɨɣ ȼ, ɨɛɪɟɡɚɸɬ ɥɚɡɟɪɧɵɦ ɋɩɨɫɨɛ ɥɚɡɟɪɧɨɣ ɫɜɚɪɤɢ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɥɢɧɡɨɣ, ɢ ɜ ɤɚɧɚɜɤɭ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɤɚɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɸɬ ɩɪɢɫɚɞɨɱɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɜɨɥɨɤɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɥɚɜɢɬɫɹ ɥɚɡɟɪɧɵɦ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ, ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɡɨɧɭ ɫɜɚɪɤɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɝɚɡɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɣ ɚɪɝɨɧ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɣɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ 3.0 ɤɝ/ɫɦ3.

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2. ɇȺɍɑɇɈ-ɌȿɏɇɂɑȿɋɄȺə ɅɂɌȿɊȺɌɍɊȺ ɂ ɌȿɏɇɂɑȿɋɄȺə ȾɈɄɍɆȿɇɌȺɐɂə (ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ) 1. http://sibpatent.ru - ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɪɚɡɞɟɥ ɊɎ. 2. http://ep.espacenet.com - ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɚɹ ȻȾ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ (EPO-espacenet). 3. http://www.jpo.go.jp - ɪɟɮɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɚɹ ȻȾ (PAJ), əɩɨɧɢɹ. 4. http://www.uspto.gov – ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɚɹ ȻȾ Ⱦɟɩɚɪɬɚɦɟɧɬɚ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɰɢɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɋɒȺ (ɚɝɟɧɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɚɦ ɢ ɬɨɜɚɪɧɵɦ ɡɧɚɤɚɦ) 5. Ʌɚɧɢɧ ȼ.Ʌ., Ȼɨɧɞɚɪɢɤ ȼ.Ɇ., Ɂɚɞɪɭɰɤɢɣ ɂ.Ⱥ. Ʌɚɡɟɪɧɚɹ ɩɚɣɤɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɛɨɪɨɤ // ɂɡɜɟɫɬɢɹ Ȼɟɥɨɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ. - ʋ 1(17)/2. – 1999. - ɋ. 183-184. 6. Lanin V., Bondarik V., Zadrutskiy I. Laser Soldering Surface Mount Components // Elektronika ir elektrotechnika. - 1999. - Nr. 4(22). - P.32-35. 7. Ɋɟɮɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɠɭɪɧɚɥ: «ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɢɤɚ». ɋɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɬɨɦ. ʋʋ 1-12 ɡɚ 19992004 ɝɝ. ɉɨɢɫɤ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɧɞɚɦ ɊɇɌȻ, ȻɇɌɍ, Internet (ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ: ȼɉɌȻ, ɌɉɎ, ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɜɨɣ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.) Ⱦɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɭɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɹɸ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ..........................______________ (ɩɨɞɩɢɫɶ) «____»_____________20____ɝ.

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ɉɊɂɅɈɀȿɇɂȿ ɀ Ɉɛɪɚɡɟɰ ɩɥɚɧ-ɩɪɨɫɩɟɤɬɚ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɉɥɚɧ-ɩɪɨɫɩɟɤɬ ɤ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɧɚ ɬɟɦɭ ɆɈȾȿɅɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɍɋɌɊɈɃɋɌȼ ɗɅȿɄɌɊɈɆȺȽɇɂɌɇɈȽɈ ɇȺȽɊȿȼȺ ȾɅə ɉȺɃɄɂ ɗɅȿɄɌɊɈɇɇɕɏ ɋȻɈɊɈɄ Ⱥɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ, ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ, ɰɟɥɢ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ, ɪɟɲɚɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɋɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɧɢɣ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ, ɤɚɤ ɩɚɣɤɚ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɟ ɬɨɤɚɦɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ. ɉɚɣɤɚ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɟ ɬɨɤɚɦɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɧɞɭɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɚɣɤɢ. ɂɧɞɭɤɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɚɣɤɚ ɤɚɤ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɬɨɤɨɜ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɡɚɤɚɥɤɢ. ȼ 30-ɯ ɝɨɞɚɯ ɛɵɥ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɚɣɤɢ ɪɟɡɰɨɜ ɫ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɤɚɦɢ ɢɡ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɯ ɫɩɥɚɜɨɜ. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ 80 % ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɪɟɠɭɳɟɝɨ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ, ɨɫɧɚɳɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɫɩɥɚɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɤɚɦɢ, ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɭɸ ɩɚɣɤɭ. ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɢɧɞɭɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɚɣɤɢ ɧɚɲɥɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɹɯ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɍɟɦɚ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ – ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɚɣɤɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɛɨɪɨɤ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɪɟɲɢɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ: - ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɥɢɲɶ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɚɹɬɶ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɛɨɪɤɢ, ɧɟ ɨɩɚɫɚɹɫɶ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɜɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɬɟɪɦɨɭɞɚɪɨɜ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɧɢɯ; - ɞɨɫɬɢɱɶ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɜɵɬɟɤɚɸɳɟɣ ɢɡ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ ɜ ɦɚɥɨɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ; - ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɭɸ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɩɚɣɤɭ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ ɢ ɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ, ɩɟɪɟɞɚɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɜ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɟ. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɪɟɲɟɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ: - ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ; - ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ; - ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ; - ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɧɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ; - ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ; - ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ; - ɞɚɬɶ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.